cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound Imaging of the Hand and Wrist: Fundamentals and New Perspectives

Technological advances in musculoskeletal ultrasound, specifically the introduction of high-resolution probes, have helped produce exquisite imaging of the small structures in the hand and wrist allowing ultrasound to rival or surpass MRI for many imaging indications. The superficial nature of the structures in the hand and wrist makes scanning easy once the relevant anatomy is understood, potentially providing a starting point for a growing musculoskeletal ultrasound practice. Recent advances in hand and ultrasound technology such as sonoelastography and improvements in probe technology have allowed for increased utilization of ultrasound in hand and wrist imaging. Particular advancements have been made in the evaluation of tendons and nerves, particularly the median nerve in the setting of carpal tunnel syndrome. There has also been intensive research in the area of ultrasound utilization for evaluation of rheumatologic conditions. Ultrasound can now be used as the primary imaging modality used for many conditions in the hand and wrist. The dynamic imaging abilities of ultrasound can provide insights into pathology that are not possible with static imaging modalities such as MRI and CT.
Steers grazing blue grama rangeland throughout the growing season. I. Dietary composition, intake, digesta kinetics and ruminal fermentation.

Four sampling periods on blue grama rangeland in northeastern New Mexico evaluated effects of advancing forage maturity and drought-induced dormancy on dietary nutrient and botanical composition, intake, digesta kinetics and ruminal fermentation in grazing beef steers. Six ruminally cannulated and three esophageally cannulated steers freely grazed a 12-ha pasture during the study. Sampling periods lasted 11 d and started June 2, during the early growing season (EGS); June 22, during early summer dormancy (ESD); July 21, during late summer dormancy (LSD); and August 25, 1985, during the late growing season (LGS). Forage availability was not limiting in any sampling period. Steers consumed a greater (P less than .05) percentage in forbs and lower percentage of grasses in EGS and ESD than in LSD and LGS. Dietary in vitro organic matter digestibility was lower (P less than .05) in ESD than in EGS, LSD and LGS. Dietary N content was higher (P less than .05) in EGs and LGS than in ESD and LSD. Neutral detergent fiber content was lower (P less than .05) in EGS than in other sampling periods, while dietary lignin contents were similar for all sampling periods. Voluntary organic matter intake was similar for all sampling periods; however, estimated gastrointestinal tract fill was greater (P less than .05) in ESD and LSD than in EGS and LGS. Particulate passage rate was slower (P less than .05) and total mean retention time longer (P less than .05) in LSD than in other sampling periods. Rate and lag time of neutral detergent fiber digestion were not different among sampling periods. Ruminal pH was greater (P less than .05) at 3 and 6 h after sunrise in ESD than in other sampling periods. Ruminal ammonia concentrations were lower (P less than .05) in ESD and LSD than in EGS and LGS at 3 and 6 h after sunrise. Total volatile fatty acid concentrations were lower (P less than .05) in ESD than in EGS and LSD at 3 h after sunrise and lower (P less than .10) than EGS and LGS at 9 h after sunrise. Molar proportions of acetate were greater (P less than .05) at 3 h after sunrise in ESD and LSD than in EGS and LGS. Changes in digesta kinetics and ruminal fermentation patterns observed in this study appeared to be related to both forage maturity and dietary botanical composition.
Stream and Riparian Habitat Use by Anurans along a Forested Gradient in Western Georgia, USA

Urban development is known to alter the structure, chemistry, and biota associated with stream systems; however, little is known about the dynamics of anurans that breed in and around streams. We used automated devices to record breeding anurans for one year across a forested gradient in an effort to identify species-specific sensitivities to urbanization. Six of 13 total species found during the study were present in surveyed streams that were representative of a gradient ranging from heavily urbanized to largely forested, and maximum species richness occurred in watersheds with rapid urban development but low values of impervious surfaces such as pavement and roof tops. The best landscape-scale predictor of assemblage metrics such as species richness, total species activity, and species diversity was generally percent forest cover at the watershed scale (or in very large buffers around the sample point). We used Bayesian inference to estimate detection probability and occupancy for 11 species. While det...
Nitric oxide inhibits bafilomycin-sensitive H(+)-ATPase activity in rat cortical collecting duct

Nitric oxide (NO) is a messenger molecule that is produced from L-arginine by NO synthase (NOS). Some NOS isoforms are present in cells constitutively, whereas others can be induced by cytokines. Recent evidence suggests that NO inhibits intracellular pH regulation by the vacuolar H(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) in macrophages, which contain an inducible form of NOS. The vacuolar H(+)-ATPase is involved in proton secretion in intercalated cells in the collecting duct. We have therefore examined the effect of NO on bafilomycin-sensitive H(+)-ATPase activity in individual cortical collecting ducts (CCD) microdissected from collagenase-treated kidneys of normal rats using a fluorometric microassay. Incubation of CCD with the NO donors, sodium nitroprusside (0.1 and 1 mM) or 3-morpholino-sydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1, 30 microM), caused a dose-dependent decrease in H(+)-ATPase activity. Incubation of CCD with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma, which induces NOS in macrophages, decreased H(+)-ATPase activity by 85%. This effect was prevented by simultaneous incubation with N omega-nitro-L-arginine, a competitive inhibitor of NOS, indicating that the decrease in H(+)-ATPase activity was caused by NO production. Incubation with 8-bromo-guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) also inhibited H(+)-ATPase activity, suggesting that NO may exert its effect in the CCD via activation of guanylyl cyclase and production of cGMP. Immunohistochemistry using antibodies to the macrophage-type NOS revealed strong labeling of intercalated cells in the CCD, confirming the presence of NOS in these cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Injectable and Cytocompatible Tough Double-Network Hydrogels through Tandem Supramolecular and Covalent Crosslinking

Double-network theory is extended to include guest-host interactions, enabling injectability and cytcompatibility of tough hydrogels. Noncovalent interactions are used as a sacrificial network to toughen covalently crosslinked hydrogels formed from hyaluronic acid. Shear thinning of supramolecular bonds allows hydrogel injection and rapid self-healing, while gentle reaction conditions permit cell encapsulation with high viability.
Regional science in a physical/virtual more/less world

In this paper, originally presented as my Presidential Address at the 55th WRSA Annual Meeting, I discuss how demographic trends currently underway will need a regional science that responds to the needs of a more/less rather than a more/more world. I ponder the concepts of daily activity and awareness spaces and the ways in which some of the most important questions in regional science have been fundamentally altered by the Internet, cell phones, social media, and other new forms of communications and ways to conduct transactions. I speculate about the nature of distance and other locational concepts in the cyberspace, and I contend that as people live in both physical and virtual activity spaces, the local realm has actually assumed newly increased importance.
Primary cutaneous spindle cell B cell lymphoma: A report of three cases and review of the literature.

Abstract Primary cutaneous spindle cell lymphoma is a rare variant of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (PCBCL). Herein, we present 3 cases of primary cutaneous spindle cell B cell lymphoma, 2 males and one female (age range 66–76 years). The patients presented with solitary skin lesions, distributed in the head and neck area and chest. The dominant cell size was in the intermediate to large cell size range. While the main cell type was a spindled one, other cells with a nuclear morphology quite typical for a centroblast were noted and as well careful inspection in the three cases revealed a focal residuum of germinal center-like structures. The spindled cells exhibited a B cell follicle center cell phenotype as revealed by expression of CD20, CD79a, BCL6, and CD10. BCL2 was negative in two cases and positive in one case. The proliferation index exceeded 80%. In one case the neoplastic cells were CD30 positive. Subsequent to a diagnosis in each case of follicle center cell lymphoma, the patients underwent complete excision with no known recurrence. In our review of the literature, a total of 42 other cases were reported showing a similar male predominance with the commonest sites of involvement being the head and neck area and upper back. Other than one patient who died of progressive disease due to treatment refusal and one patient who developed metastatic disease to the liver all patients are alive and well without recurrent or metastatic disease. In summation, our experience along with the reported cases suggest the categorization of primary cutaneous spindle cell B cell lymphoma as a variant of primary cutaneous indolent follicle center lymphoma. It is a neoplasm of middle aged to older adults with a predominance in males which can be treated locally in most cases whereby recurrent and metastatic disease following complete removal is uncommon.
Pacemaker pro-arrhythmia: beyond spike-on-T and endless loop tachycardia.

There is a longstanding love–hate relationship between pacing and tachycardias. In patients with profound bradycardia, pacing at physiologic rates is effective at preventing bradycardia-mediated ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF). “Anti-tachycardia pacing” ([1][1])
Maximizing interconnectedness and availability in directional airborne range extension networks

Range extension via the use of small aircraft with highly directional antennas that act as relays is a topic of interest in military network technology development. Antenna elements in such designs typically have limited field-of-view (FoV), potentially making interconnectedness among communication nodes dependent on the geometry of the physical network. This paper examines a generic sectorized pod antenna design and compares the interconnectedness and link availability of these designs in representative range extension network layouts. A heuristic for determining quantitative trade-offs between link availability and node interconnectedness is developed. Results from this heuristic show that both interconnectedness and availability increase with a decreasing number of antenna sectors, and that a marginal azimuthal overlap increases average link availability substantially in two representative scenarios.
Contact lens to measure individual ion concentrations in tears and applications to dry eye disease

Abstract Dry eye disease (DED) affects millions of individuals in the United States and worldwide, and the incidence is increasing with an aging population. There is widespread agreement that the measurement of total tear osmolarity is the most reliable test, but this procedure provides only the total ionic strength and does not provide the concentration of each ionic species in tears. Here, we describe an approach to determine the individual ion concentrations in tears using modern silicone hydrogel (SiHG) contact lenses. We made pH (or H3O+, hydronium cation,/OH−, hydroxyl ion) and chloride ion (two of the important electrolytes in tear fluid) sensitive SiHG contact lenses. We attached hydrophobic C18 chains to water-soluble fluorescent probes for pH and chloride. The resulting hydrophobic ion sensitive fluorophores (H-ISF) bind strongly to SiHG lenses and could not be washed out with aqueous solutions. Both H-ISFs provide measurements which are independent of total intensity by use of wavelength-ratiometric measurements for pH or lifetime-based sensing for chloride. Our approach can be extended to fabricate a contact lens which provides measurements of the six dominant ionic species in tears. This capability will be valuable for research into the biochemical processes causing DED, which may improve the ability to diagnose the various types of DED.
Effect of Kaiser Window Shape Parameter for the Enhancement of Rotor Faults Diagnosis

To show the reliability of new methods developed for the induction motors rotor faults diagnosis, a comparison is often made with the classical method based on the estimation of the Power Spectral Density by Periodogram (PSDP). The authors of the new methods always criticize the PSDP method for its drawbacks related to the smoothing and side effects of the selected window function. This paper aims at showing that the PSDP based on the Kaiser window associated with an adequate calculation of the shape parameter can overcome these drawbacks. This calculation which takes into account the characteristics of the stator current spectrum, will improve the detection of the faults while retaining the main advantage of the method, namely a fast calculation time. The experimental results obtained show the positive contribution of the proposed approach on the reliability of the diagnosis of the incipient faults.
1722f Asbestos related diseases in the united states: historical trends and current situation

Asbestos use Asbestos was first discovered in the USA in 1825. Importation began in the mid-1800s and domestic mining in the 1890s. The industry grew in the 20th century and by the 1970s, over 7 00 000 tons were consumed annually. Then, because of environmental and occupational restrictions coupled with vigorous efforts to seek legal compensation for injured workers, use declined. By 2000 annual consumption had fallen to 14 600 tons, and most manufacturers had ceased production. However, the USA has never banned asbestos and still imports over 300 tons per year. Importation has recently increased. The chloralkali industry is the principal consumer. Asbestos-related disease Asbestos has caused over 2 00 000 deaths in the USA. Multiple studies published between 1918 and 2000, most notably those of Irving Selikoff, documented the American ARD epidemic and linked asbestos to multiple cancers, mesothelioma in particular. The epidemic continues to the present, and in 2016 there were 2597 mesothelioma deaths, many in persons Prevention policies The first non-binding guidance on occupational asbestos exposure was proposed in the USA in 1938. The first regulation was established in 1972. In 1975, OSHA declared asbestos a human carcinogen. In 1979, OSHA and NIOSH declared that there is no safe level of exposure to asbestos. In 1989, EPA issued a rule banning most asbestos-containing products, but this ban was overturned by the courts in 1991, and asbestos-containing products are therefore allowed currently in US markets. Proposal for eliminating ARDs A complete ban on all manufacture and use of asbestos worldwide is the only strategy to end the global pandemic of ARDs. The possibility of securing an asbestos ban in the USA was rekindled in 2016 with passage of new chemical safety legislation. Asbestos is listed under this law as a priority chemical. Responsibility for enforcement rests with the Trump Administration.
Outcomes and cost of open versus endovascular repair of intact thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm

Abstract Objective Many previous studies have evaluated the outcomes of open and endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs). However, little is known about the differences in cost of these procedures and the potential factors driving these differences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes and cost of open aortic repair (OAR) vs endovascular repair of intact TAAA. Methods All patients undergoing repair for intact TAAA were identified in the Premier Healthcare Database (July 2009-March 2015). Categorical and continuous variables were analyzed using the χ2 test, Student t-test, and median test as appropriate. A multivariable generalized linear model was used to examine total in-hospital cost. Results A total of 879 TAAA repairs were identified (481 [55%) endovascular repairs vs 398 [45%] OARs). Patients undergoing endovascular repair were on average 5 years older (71.2 [±10.0] years vs 66.5 [±10.9] years; P Conclusions In this large cohort of intact TAAAs, we showed a significantly higher adjusted total hospitalization cost of open compared with endovascular repair despite the additional cost of endografts. This is likely driven by longer length of stay and higher morbidity after OAR.
Phenomenology of Ionic Transport in Solid-State Battery Materials

The purpose of this paper is to give a general overview of some of the principles and macroscopic phenomena that are relevant to batteries, particularly those in which there is an appreciable amount of ionic transport within solid components, either the electrolyte or electrodes.
High Rise Stories: Voices from Chicago Public Housing

Violence in Chicago has become a fixture in the mass media over the past several years. Reports on gun and gang violence, protests, and riots on Chicago’s South Side, which has earned the neighborh...
High-performance catalytic chromatography The adapter approach

Abstract A sequence-specific DNA that binds EcoRI endonuclease was immobilized on glycidioloxypropyl-silica and Sepharose by cyanogen bromide (CNBr)-activated coupling. Elution of bound enzyme by conventional affinity strategies (increase of salt concentration) or by catalysis-induced elution (adding a Mg2+ cofactor required for catalysis) was compared. Greater yield and fold-purification was obtained with catalysis-induced elution for both DNA-silica and DNA-Sepharose columns, and silica gives higher performance than Sepharose. Sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed primarily a single band for EcoRI endonuclease for catalysis-induced elution from DNA-silica columns. Since catalysis-induced elution decreases the lifetime of DNA affinity columns, an alternative approach for preparing re-usable DNA columns was also developed. In this approach, a single stranded adapter DNA sequence is first coupled to silica or Sepharose and then annealed with another DNA sequence that contains a complementary, single stranded tail and the duplex binding site for EcoRI endonuclease. After use, replacing the hydrolyzed DNA regenerates the column. For this adapter approach, Sepharose gives better purity than silica and comparable yields and catalytic based elution gave the highest purity and yield, regardless of support. Substrate DNA with either a tail (for annealing to the column) at one end or both ends were compared and the former gave higher purity. Finally, enzyme binding to the substrate in solution (“trapping”) or on a pre-bound substrate column was compared and trapping gave higher yield and similar purity to the alternative. Thus, trapping with a single tailed substrate oligonucleotide on a Sepharose adapter column and using catalytic elution gave the highest performance.
Radiofrequency ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in an orthotopic heart transplantation patient

BACKGROUND Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) after orthotropic heart transplant (OHT) is rare, in absence of rejection. CASE We report a case of a 51-year-old male who underwent simultaneous kidney and heart transplant. Three months after implantation he developed episodes of dyspnea, dizziness, and palpitations. Presenting electrocardiogram showed supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), and an inducible typical AVNRT was revealed by electrophysiologic study. Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation successfully eliminated the AVNRT without any complications. CONCLUSION Even with existing sinus rhythm of the donor heart, AVNRT can occur in transplanted heart and RF catheter ablation is safe and feasible at treating symptomatic SVT post-OHT.
“Magic Happens Here”: Environmental Serenity in Residential Hospice Care

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the unique interaction between the care that is provided in and the environmental features of hospice residences. Interviews with 40 professionals from eight hospice residences focused on elements of care. Visual content analysis was conducted with 187 photographs of internal and external environments. Three themes illuminated residential care as (a) patient-family-centered, (b) flexible, and (c) comfort-focused. Six environmental features are described as (a) site and context, (b) nature connectivity, (c) arrival spaces, (d) communal spaces, (e) private spaces, and (f) transitional spaces. The interaction between residential care and the environmental features creates environmental serenity.
Developmental Recovery of Impaired Multisensory Processing in Autism and the Cost of Switching Sensory Modality

Abstract Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often impaired in their ability to cope with and process multisensory information, which may contribute to some of the social and communicative deficits that are prevalent in this population. Amelioration of such deficits in adolescence has been observed for ecologically-relevant stimuli such as speech. However, it is not yet known if this recovery generalizes to the processing of nonsocial stimuli such as more basic beeps and flashes, typically used in cognitive neuroscience research. We hypothesize that engagement of different neural processes and lack of environmental exposure to such artificial stimuli leads to protracted developmental trajectories in both neurotypical (NT) individuals and individuals with ASD, thus delaying the age at which we observe this “catch up”. Here, we test this hypothesis using a bisensory detection task by measuring human response times to randomly presented auditory, visual and audiovisual stimuli. By measuring the behavioral gain afforded by an audiovisual signal, we show that the multisensory deficit previously reported in children with ASD recovers in adulthood by the mid-twenties. In addition, we examine the effects of switching between sensory modalities and show that teenagers with ASD incur less of a behavioral cost than their NT peers. Computational modelling reveals that multisensory information interacts according to different rules in children and adults, and that sensory evidence is weighted differently too. In ASD, weighting of sensory information and allocation of attention during multisensory processing differs to that of NT individuals. Based on our findings, we propose a theoretical framework of multisensory development in NT and ASD individuals.
Microcomputed Tomography Imaging in Odontogenesis Studies

3D analysis of animal or human whole teeth and alveolar bone can be performed with high sensitivity in a nondestructive manner by microcomputed tomography. Here we describe the protocols to be followed for the most common applications in the developmental studies of dental and craniofacial tissues. Emphasis is placed on the basis of choosing settings for image acquisition, such as voxel resolution (Fig. 1), or beam energy (Fig. 2) and for processing, such as segmentation method (Fig. 3), parameters. The limitations to take into account for optimal efficiency and image quality are also explained.
Keys to achieving successful restoratively-driven implant placement with CAD/CAM surgical guide: A technical note.

Abstract Dentistry has been flooded by digital technologies such as cone-beam computed-tomography (CBCT), and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), and stereolithography. Recently, computer-guided implant placement by using a CAD/CAM surgical guide has become a popular treatment modality as it permits flapless implant placement that provides some advantages such as faster recuperation, less post-operative pain and swelling. Yet, the computer-guided implant placement is a technique sensitive procedure involving many diagnostic and therapeutic events. The sum of small mistakes in both digital workflow and actual surgery may cause overall diminished precision. The objectives of this report are to portray the technique in which a CAD/CAM surgical guide and flapless approach was used to restore an edentulous mandible and to alert inexperienced clinicians and/or post-graduate residents about the critical steps from digital workflow to actual surgery. Also, recommendations regarding CAD/CAM surgical guides are provided to avoid or minimize surgical and restorative complications.
Evaluation of optimal model parameters for prediction of methane generation from selected U.S. landfills.

Abstract In practice, methane generation at U.S. landfills is typically predicted by using the EPA’s Landfill Gas Emissions Model (LandGEM), which includes two parameters, the methane production potential (L0, m3 CH4 Mg−1 wet waste) and the first-order decay rate constant (k, yr−1). Default parameters in LandGEM (L0 = 100 and k = 0.04) were determined using data that reflect landfill management practices in the 1990s. In this study, methane collection data from 21 U.S. landfills were used to estimate the best fit k by inverse modeling of measured methane collection data in consideration of a time-varying gas collection efficiency. Optimal values of k were identified at a range of L0s between 55 and 160. The best fit k was greater than the U.S. EPA’s default parameter of 0.04 yr−1 at 14 of the 21 landfills studied. Surprisingly, the best fit k was often observed at L0 values greater than 100 m3 CH4 Mg−1 wet waste which again is the U.S. EPA default. The results show that there is wide variation in the best estimate of k. While there was a tendency for landfills, or sections of landfills that received more moisture to exhibit higher decay rates, the results were not consistent. Some landfills exhibited high decay rates even though the data suggested that they were relatively dry while some wet landfills exhibited low decay rates. The results suggest that L0 captures many factors and that the data may be most useful for site specific analysis as opposed to general landfill predictions.
Adolescent but not adult ethanol binge drinking modulates ethanol behavioral effects in mice later in life

Abstract Background Alcohol use disorder is a serious illness marked by uncontrollable drinking and a negative withdrawal state when not using. Alcohol is one of the most commonly used drugs among adolescent populations. Given that adolescence is a unique developmental stage during which alcohol has long-term effects on future drug-taking behavior; it is essential to understand how early exposure to ethanol during adolescence may affect the abuse liability of the drug later in life. Our studies focused on characterizing how exposure to alcohol in adolescence alters later adult alcohol dependence behaviors, by using well-established mouse models of ethanol drinking. We hypothesized that early exposure to ethanol leads to increased ethanol intake in adults and other behavioral phenotypes that may lead to dependence. Methods We investigated the impact of ethanol drinking in early adolescent C57BL/6J mice using a modified Drinking in the Dark (DID) model. Results Our results showed that exposure to ethanol during adolescence enhanced ethanol intake in adulthood in the DID, and the 2-bottle choice drinking paradigms. In contrast, adult exposure of alcohol did not enhance later alcohol intake. We also conducted tests for ethanol behavioral sensitivity such as loss of righting reflex and anxiety-related behaviors to further elucidate the relationship between adolescent ethanol exposure and enhanced ethanol intake in adult mice. Conclusions Overall, our results suggest that adolescence is a critical period of sensitivity and binge drinking that can lead to lasting changes in ethanol intake in adulthood. Further research will be required in order to more fully examine the neurochemical mechanisms underlying the lasting changes in adulthood.
"What Program Directors Think" III: Results of the 2014/2015 Annual Surveys of the Association of Program Directors in Radiology (APDR).

Rationale and Objectives The Association of Program Directors in Radiology regularly surveys its members regarding issues of importance to support radiology residency programs and their directors. Materials and Methods This is an observational cross-sectional study using two Web-based surveys posed to the Association of Program Directors in Radiology membership in the fall of 2014 (49 items) and the spring of 2015 (46 items) on the subjects of importance to the members, including the Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education Milestones, the Non-Interpretative Skills Curriculum, the American Board of Radiology Core Examination, the effect of the new resident testing and program accreditation paradigms on training outcomes, the 2015 Residency Match, the Interventional Radiology/Diagnostic Radiology (IR/DR) Residency, and Program Director (PD)/Program Coordinator resources. Results Responses were collected electronically, results were tallied using SurveyMonkey software, and qualitative responses were tabulated or summarized as comments. Findings were reported during the 63rd annual meeting of the Association of University Radiologists. The maximal response rate was 33% in the fall of 2014 and 36% in the spring of 2015. Conclusions PDs believed that the radiology Milestones, now largely implemented, did not affect overall resident evaluation, was not reflective of resident experience, and actually made evaluation of residents more difficult. PDs also felt that although the American Board of Radiology oral examination had been a better test for clinical practice preparedness, their new residents knew at least as much as before. There was little evidence of recall reemergence. The radiology training community saw a drop in residency applicant quality as demonstrated by the United States Medical Licensing Examination scores and clinical rotation grades. Because the new IR/DR Residency positions were to be funded at the expense of the traditional DR positions, the majority of PDs expected a negative effect of the impending IR/DR match on their DR recruitment. PDs were in favor of a unified clinical radiology curriculum similar to the Radiological Society of North America online physics modules.
Predictors of Hip Fracture Despite Treatment with Bisphosphonates among Frail Older Adults.

OBJECTIVES Bisphosphonates are effective at preventing hip fractures among older adults, yet many patients still fracture while on treatment and may benefit from additional preventive interventions. Little data are specifically available to target such efforts among bisphosphonate users. We aimed to identify predictors of hip fracture unique to frail older adults initiating pharmacologic treatment for osteoporosis. DESIGN Retrospective cohort using 2008-2013 linked national Minimum Data Set assessments, Medicare claims, and nursing home (NH) facility data. SETTING NHs in the United States. PARTICIPANTS Long-stay NH residents 65 years or older who initiated treatment with a bisphosphonate (N = 17 753). Estimates for bisphosphonate initiators were contrasted with those for calcitonin initiators (control group; N = 5348). MEASUREMENTS Hospitalized hip fracture outcomes were measured using Part A claims. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for 36 a priori selected potential predictors. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of the study population was 84 (8) years, 85% were women, and 51% had moderate to severe cognitive impairment. Predictors associated with a higher risk of hip fracture despite bisphosphonate use included age 75 years or older to 85 years (vs ≥65 to <75 y; HR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.02-1.55), female sex (HR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.06-1.67), white race (vs black race (HR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.36-2.58), and body mass index = 18.5-24.9 (vs ≥30; HR = 1.93; 95% CI = 1.53-2.42). Independent ability to transfer (vs total dependence; HR = 3.11; 95% CI = 1.83-5.30) and occasional urinary incontinence (vs frequent; HR = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.18-1.78) were also important predictors. Dementia, diabetes, psychoactive drug use, and other characteristics were not associated with post-prescribing hip fracture. Predictors did not differ between bisphosphonate and calcitonin users. CONCLUSION Predictors of hip fracture among frail older adults did not differ between those who were new users of bisphosphonates vs calcitonin. Given the absence of risk factors unique to bisphosphonate users, targeting of fracture prevention efforts should extend beyond pharmacologic therapy to include existing nonpharmacologic therapies, particularly fall prevention strategies. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:256-260, 2020.
Case distributions in general surgery residency: Subspecialization occurs before fellowship.

Abstract Background In the era of subspecialization and duty-hour restrictions, many General Surgery residents desire additional training in their future subspecialty areas. This study examines the relationship between case distributions performed by General Surgery residents and their chosen future subspecialty. Methods A retrospective review of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education case logs of 101 graduated General Surgery residents at a single academic institution (2002–2018) was performed. The total number of operative cases performed during General Surgery residency overall and in Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–defined categories were compared between residents with differing areas of future subspecialization. Results Residents pursuing surgical fellowships in Endocrine, Cardiothoracic, Vascular, and Trauma/Critical Care Surgery logged respectively more endocrine (63 [11] vs 32 [13]; P Conclusion In this single-institution study, many General Surgery residents perform more cases than peers in respective areas of future subspecialization. This may reflect residents at the reporting institution, and similar large, university-based programs seeking focused training in preparation for fellowship while still meeting case-volume minimums in all Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–defined categories.
An Application of Spatio-temporal Co-occurrence Analyses for Integrating Solar Active Region Data from Multiple Reporting Modules

Spatio-temporal co-occurrence analysis captures the spatial and temporal relations between events that occur at the same time and location. In this paper, we utilize spatio-temporal co-occurrence relations to integrate solar active region (AR) data detected and reported by three feature recognition methods, namely, human labeling by forecasters at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Spaceweather HMI Active Region Patch (SHARP) detection pipeline, and Spatial Possibilistic Clustering Algorithm (SPoCA). We determine the associations between individual reports by identifying the spatio-temporal co-occurrences among the reports from these modules. We compare our findings with the data from the Joint Science Operations Center (JSOC), analyzing the discrepancies in different circumstances. We found 105 SHARP series not properly associated with the NOAA-labeled ARs. In the end, we provide detailed movement analyses for the AR trajectories, create an updated SHARP-to-NOAA AR associations, that is crucial for space weather predictions utilizing magnetic field information, and make the ternary associations between SHARP, NOAA ARs, and SPoCA ARs available to the public.
Weight gain in early, mid, and late pregnancy and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Abstract Objective To examine the relationship of weight change during early, mid, and late pregnancy with the development of a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP). Study design These data are from a prospective cohort study of nulliparous women with live singleton pregnancies. “Early” weight change was defined as the difference between self-reported pre-pregnancy weight and weight at the first visit (between 6 and 13 weeks’ gestation); “mid” weight change was defined as the weight change between the first and second visits (between 16 and 21 weeks’ gestation); “late” weight change was defined as the weight change between the second and third visits (between 22 and 29 weeks’ gestation). Weight change in each time period was further characterized as inadequate, adequate, or excessive based on the Institute of Medicine’s (IOM’s) trimester-specific weekly weight gain goals based on pre-pregnancy body mass index. Multivariable Poisson regression was performed to adjust for potential confounders. Main outcome measure Development of any hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Results Of 8296 women, 1564 (18.9%) developed a HDP. Weight gain in excess of the IOM recommendations during the latter two time periods was significantly associated with HDP. Specifically, trimester-specific excessive weight gain in the mid period (aIRR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01–1.35) as well as in the late period (aIRR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.02–1.40) was associated with increased risk of developing HDP. The weight gain preceded the onset of clinically apparent disease. Conclusions Excessive weight gain as early as the early second trimester was associated with increased risks of development of HDP.
Postoperative Bracing on Pain, Disability, Complications, and Fusion Rate Following 1-3+ Level Lumbar Fusion in Degenerative Conditions: A Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVES Lumbar fusion surgeries in degenerative spinal conditions can be invasive and may challenge the normal biomechanical spine and joint function. Frequently, patients require postoperative rehabilitation management. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to determine if there is an advantage to using a postoperative lumbar orthosis with regard to postoperative function and surgical healing. DATA SOURCES Articles in the English language were searched in electronic databases including PubMed and Clinicaltrials.gov from January 1, 2004 to January 1, 2019. STUDY SELECTION Studies were included if they were described as being a prospective randomized trial, utilized a common pain score determinant, reported complications postoperatively, analyzed disability, and were published within a 15-year period. After review of 218 citations by 2 authors, 4 studies were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. DATA EXTRACTION Pain scores (Visual Analogue Scale/Dallas Pain Questionnaire), disability (Oswestry Disability Index, Short Form-36, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire), postoperative complications and fusion rate outcomes were collected. DATA SYNTHESIS Four prospective randomized controlled trials were identified and met the inclusion criteria. The outcome disability level showed a combined effect differed from 0 and favored the control [g=0.26, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04-0.49, P=0.029]. Visual Analogue Scale pain's combined effect did not differ from 0 and did not favor either the control or brace group (g=0.01, 95% CI: -0.25 to 0.27, P=0.93). The odds ratio (ORs) for complication rates did not differ from 1 (OR=0.88, 95% CI: 0.47-1.65, P=0.69). There was no significant difference in the ORs for fusion rate. Study heterogeneity was measured for all outcomes and there was no excessive variation. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis indicated no significant difference in pain scores, a decrease in disability level for control (no brace), no significant change in fusion rate, and no significant difference in the odds of complication for the brace group. These conclusions support the theory that there is no significant advantage of postoperative lumbar orthoses.
An exploratory study of students’ perceptions of environmental issues as social work practice and their understanding of environmental justice

As environmental crises continue to rise, the profession of social work in the US is being called to incorporate environmental justice content in the training and education of social workers to pre...
Electronic and Print Publishing of Research Papers in Business: A Comparison

Electronic publishing has several advantages over print: more rapid peer review and turnaround; automated hyperlinks; global accessibility, interactivity, and searchability; and lower costs. Print journals should consider an electronic version.
Delivering on the Dividend Promise: Corporate Governance, Managerial Incentives, and Dynamic Dividend Behavior

This paper examines the effects of corporate governance on dynamic dividend behavior. In the absence of strong corporate governance, dividends can limit inefficient managerial investment. Weakly governed managers face more shareholder pressure to sustain the dividend commitment (and expand it when the cash flow increases). I find that weakly governed managers make fewer dividend cuts and engage in more dividend smoothing. They are more likely to raise dividends through regular small increases. Weak governance has a positive effect on dividend changes, mainly in response to large cash flow increases. Total payout adjustments made by weakly governed managers support the dividend commitment. Commitment to debt is a partial substitute for persistent dividends. The paper's empirical approach accounts for the potential endogeneity of corporate governance and dividend decisions.
Auer v. Robbins : Case Summary

This case summary was drafted as part of an anticipated compilation of summaries of leading administrative law cases. The American Bar Association has anticipated publishing a volume detailing Leading Cases in Administrative Law, and this summary was drafted as part of the publication process which is anticipated to continue to move forward in 2021.
Relating: The Capacity for Healthy Relating

Mature and dynamic relating is characterized by trust, honesty, respect, accessibility, expressiveness, a three-dimensional way of understanding oneself and others, security, intimacy, mutuality, and meaning-sharing. Mature relating further involves connecting without merging or without the loss of personal boundaries. Described dialectically, mature relating entails the achievement of a relative balance between secure attachment (close relatedness) and relaxed detachment (healthy individuation and separation). Lastly, mature relating involves reaching out and releasing the more mature vision or version in the Other.
Orientation selectivity enhances context generalization and generative predictive coding in the hippocampus.

Summary We learn and remember multiple new experiences throughout the day. The neural principles enabling continuous rapid learning and formation of distinct representations of numerous sequential experiences without major interference are not understood. To understand this process, here we interrogated ensembles of hippocampal place cells as rats explored 15 novel linear environments interleaved with sleep sessions over continuous 16 h periods. Remarkably, we found that a population of place cells were selective to environment orientation and topology. This orientation selectivity property biased the network-level discrimination and re/mapping between multiple environments. Novel environmental representations emerged rapidly as more generic, but repeated experience within the environments subsequently enhanced their discriminability. Generalization of prior experience with different environments consequently improved network predictability of future novel environmental representations via strengthened generative predictive codes. These coding schemes reveal a high-capacity, high-efficiency neuronal framework for rapid representation of numerous sequential experiences with optimal discrimination-generalization balance and reduced interference.
Bacterial infections and death among patients with Covid-19 versus non Covid-19 patients with pneumonia.

Abstract Background Many patients with Coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19) present with radiological evidence of pneumonia. Because it is difficult to determine co-existence of bacterial pneumonia, many of these patients are initially treated with antibiotics. We compared the rates of bacterial infections and mortality in Covid-19 patients with pulmonary infiltrates versus patients diagnosed with ‘pneumonia’ the year previously. Methods We conducted a medical record review of patients admitted with Covid-19 and a pulmonary infiltrate and compared them with patients diagnosed with pneumonia admitted in the prior year before the pandemic. Data abstracted included baseline demographics, comorbidities, signs and symptoms, laboratory and microbiological results, and imaging findings. Outcomes were bacterial infections and mortality. Patients presenting with and without Covid-19 were compared using univariable and multivariable analyses. Results There were 1398 and 1001 patients admitted through the emergency department (ED) with and without Covid-19 respectively. Compared with non-Covid-19 patients, those with Covid-19 were younger (61±18 vs. 65±25 years, P Conclusions The rate of bacterial infections is lower in Covid-19 patients with pulmonary infiltrates compared with patients diagnosed with pneumonia prior to the pandemic and most are nosocomial. Mortality was higher in Covid-19 than non-Covid-19 patients even after adjusting for age, tachypnea, hypoxemia, and bacterial infection.
Parent–student relational turbulence, support processes, and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic

In Spring 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic introduced unexpected transitions for college students and their families. Informed by Relational Turbulence Theory, we examined associations among relational ...
Management of Resistance in Plant Pathogens

Crop losses from plant diseases caused by fungi, nematodes, bacteria and other agents have been estimated to be about 12% of the total world food production (Glass, 1976). The control of diseases with chemicals is an important component of modern crop production technology. These chemicals reduce crop losses from diseases and allow the production of crops in areas or times when they normally could not be grown economically. Of the pesticides used to control plant diseases, fungicides are largest in volume, followed be nema-ticides and bactericides.
Middle English Drama Beyond the Cycle Plays

The study of Middle English drama has long been dominated by discussion of the cycle plays, the sweeping multi-part pageants of biblical history that were performed yearly in cities such as York. But those cycle plays form only part of a complicated and rich culture of performance in late-medieval England. This essay seeks to provide a sense of the variety of that culture, attesting to the breadth of medieval English drama in play texts such as Mankind, the Croxton Play of the Sacrament, and the Digby Mary Magdalene, and also in other kinds of performance record, such as dramatic fragments and prose meditations. For the broadening of medieval theater history beyond the cycle plays includes not only other significant genres of dramatic activity, but also performative practices and literary texts that lie relatively far from the stage. A theater history beyond the cycle plays also necessarily becomes a theater history beyond the theater, as scholars write a new history of medieval performance.
The Role of Thought Suppression in Depressive Rumination

Previous research has shown that thought suppression can ironically enhance the accessibility of negative thoughts when mental control is disabled by competing cognitive demands. This study provided a longitudinal test of the prediction that the combination of thought suppression and stress can promote depressive rumination. An initial assessment identified high and low suppressors who had low levels of rumination and depression. Approximately 10 weeks later, high suppressors—who had experienced relatively high levels of stress—reported significant increases in rumination and dysphoria that exceeded those of any other group. The findings support the idea that when stress undermines mental control, thought suppression efforts can ironically fuel depressive rumination.