cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Review of Tensors, Manifolds, and Vector Bundles

Most of the technical machinery of Riemannian geometry is built up using tensors; indeed, Riemannian metrics themselves are tensors. Thus we begin by reviewing the basic definitions and properties of tensors on a finite-dimensional vector space. When we put together spaces of tensors on a manifold, we obtain a particularly useful type of geometric structure called a “vector bundle,” which plays an important role in many of our investigations. Because vector bundles are not always treated in beginning manifolds courses, we include a fairly complete discussion of them in this chapter. The chapter ends with an application of these ideas to tensor bundles on manifolds, which are vector bundles constructed from tensor spaces associated with the tangent space at each point.
Gynecologic endoscopic gas embolism.

Objective To alert gynecologic surgeons to the risk of room air embolism during endoscopy. Design Case reports. Setting Medico-legal consultations. Patients Five women having endoscopic procedures. Interventions Endoscopy followed by emergency resuscitative measures. Results Morbidity and mortality. Conclusions The risk of room air embolism may be lessened by attention to the operative technique and by monitoring the end tidal carbon dioxide levels.
Tax Reform Discourse

Our tax system is supposed to serve the public good by fairly raising the revenue that we need to fund public expenditures — for example, the common defense, social safety net programs such as Social Security and Medicare, etc. But the tax reform debate has shifted away from discussing how best to distribute the burden of these common expenditures and instead has come to focus on how tax reform can be used to spur economic growth. Especially in times of economic crisis, these two goals — equitably funding public expenditures and spurring economic growth — sound equally important and somehow compatible. After all, shouldn’t a rising tide of economic growth lift all boats and make contributing to the common weal easier for everyone? The problem, however, lies in the studies and reports indicating that recent cycles of economic growth have not been akin to a rising tide lifting all boats. Rather, economic growth has redounded largely to the benefit of a very few at the very top of the income scale. Or to continue with the tidal metaphor, the rising tide has lifted the yachts of the wealthy and privileged while swamping the rest of us. In that light, using tax reform as a vehicle to spur economic growth looks less like an endeavor of public benefit for all and more like one of private benefit with the purpose of entrenching the privilege of a relative few. In this article, I call into question the idea that tax reform should be used to stimulate economic growth. Instead, drawing primarily upon the development literature and the work of the economist and philosopher Amartya Sen, I advocate a turn toward a people-centered approach to tax reform. I argue that tax reform debates should focus not on encouraging economic growth but, in keeping with the tax system’s basic purpose, on advancing human development for all — and particularly for the disadvantaged among us.
Chapter Six – Orexin Receptor Antagonists in Development for Insomnia and CNS Disorders

Abstract Since the first identification of the key role of the orexin signaling pathway in regulating sleep/wake and vigilance, a number of drug candidates have entered clinical development targeting the orexin receptors. Among them, suvorexant has been reported to be filed as an New Drug Application (NDA) with the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) in 2012 with the potential to be the first approved orexin receptor antagonist for the treatment of insomnia. A number of additional dual antagonists as well as selective antagonists have been identified to further elucidate the roles of each individual subtype. Beyond sleep disorders, targeting orexin receptors may offer the potential for other therapeutic indications such as migraine, neuropathic pain, depression, anxiety, and addiction.
Is Acceleration Working

Considerable time and money are being invested around the world in the belief that accelerators stimulate the growth of promising impact-oriented ventures. However, the current stock of evidence is inadequate to fully support this belief. The analyses in this chapter tackle this problem. While there are many ways that accelerators might justify the resources that are spent running them, a common set of expectations relates to their ability to stimulate short-term revenue, employment, and investment growth. The application and follow-up data introduced in Chap. 3 provide evidence of systematic short-term growth advantages for ventures that participate in accelerators compared to those that are rejected during the various selection processes. These accelerator effects are evident when looking at continuous variables measuring average year-over-year growth outcomes and categorical variables indicating positive versus negative growth. They are also evident among the very top-growing ventures in the sample. Even after accounting for the different starting points of participating and rejected ventures, accelerator program effects are still evident in the EDP data. This presents an optimistic first look at the effects of acceleration and a solid foundation for the analyses in the remainder of the book.
Predicting Drug-Target Interaction Using Deep Matrix Factorization

In silico prediction of drug-target interaction can help to speed up the process of identifying unknown interactions between drugs and target proteins in pharmaceutical research. In this paper, we first exploit k-nearest neighbor technique to identify the reliable negatives (non-interacting pairs) among unlabeled data. Then, we employ a Deep Matrix Factorization to predict drug-target interaction to reveal the non-linearity relations among interacting drugs and targets. We evaluate the results using area under the curve metrics. Our approach is applied to public-domain benchmarks and compared against the state-of-the-art methods.
Development and validation of a novel flow cytometric macrophage phenotyping method.

Macrophages differentiate into pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. M2 macrophages suppress anti-tumor responses, and phenotyping tumor-associated macrophages can be of prognostic value. Expression of mRNA of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) or arginase 1 is a well-accepted marker of murine M1 or M2 macrophages, respectively. However, macrophages need to be isolated and purified in order to evaluate the mRNA expression. There are no reliable and simple methods for detection of macrophage markers which would not require cell purification. Here we report the development and validation of a novel flow cytometric macrophage phenotyping method. Murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells were treated with endotoxin and IFN-γ to stimulate iNOS expression. Alternatively, RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with 8-bromo-cAMP to induce arginase 1 expression. Our new technique allowed successful detection of iNOS expression in RAW 264.7 cells by flow cytometry, which correlated well with NO production measured by Griess assay. We also developed a method which allowed us to successfully detect the Arginase I expression by flow cytometry. Arginase I expression also correlated well with arginase activity as measured by an Abnova arginase assay kit. Our results suggest that murine macrophage phenotype can be successfully determined by flowcytometric measurement of iNOS and arginase 1 expression.
Properties of Tellurium Implanted Gallium Arsenide

Hall effect and Rutherford backscattering measurements were used to study the electrical properties, the lattice location, and the resulting lattice damage of tellurium implanted in GaAs. Ion implantation was performed with substrates held at elevated temperatures (150°–350°C) to avoid the production of an amorphous layer. After implantation, a protective coating of Si3N4. was reactively sputtered on all samples to keep the GaAs from disassociating during anneal. The best results were obtained with samples annealed at 900°C. Up to 50% electrical activity was attained with mobilities consistent with bulk values. Differential Hall effect measurements performed on a sample implanted with 1 × 1014 Te/cm2 indicated that the peak electron concentration was about 8 × 1018 electrons/cm3 and that no movement of the Te profile had occurred during anneal. Such peak electron levels are in accordance with the maximum value of the electron concentration attained in tellurium doped GaAs (~1019 electrons/cm3).
Global Public Reason, Diversity, and Consent

AbstractIn this paper, I examine global public reason as a method of justifying a global state. Ultimately, I conclude that global public reason fails to justify a global state. This is the case, because global public reason faces an unwinnable dilemma. The global public reason theorist must endorse either a hypothetical theory of consent or an actual theory of consent; if she endorses a theory of hypothetical consent, then she fails to justify her principles; and if she endorses a theory of actual consent, her theory will lead to a highly unstable political system. On either side of the dilemma, global public reason faces untenable implications. Although similar criticisms have been advanced against domestic public reason, my argument is not repeating points made before me. My argument is new, in that it raises these objections specifically against global public reason, and in that it shows how, due to increased diversity of belief in the global arena, these problems are more pressing for global public r...
Deposition path planning for material extrusion using specified orientation fields

The authors would like to thank the Institute for Creativity, Arts, and Technology at Virginia Tech for their financial support of this work.
A phase II trial of pharmacological ascorbate, gemcitabine, and nabpaclitaxel for metastatic pancreatic cancer.

TPS791Background: FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel are both frontline chemotherapy options for patients with metastatic pancreas cancer. For most who cannot tolerate the triplet, the latter...
(Not) Within Walking Distance: Walking Journeys and the Postcolonial

This chapter examines the role of long-distance walking in three contemporary travelogues within the contexts of travel, colonialism and world literature. The protagonists in Tracks: A Woman’s Solo Trek Across 1,700 Miles of Australian Outback by the Australian author Robyn Davidson as well as in Berlin – Moskau: Eine Reise zu Fuss by the German journalist Wolfgang Buscher, and in Atlas eines angstlichen Mannes by the acclaimed Austrian author Christoph Ransmayr undertake long, strenuous walks leaving the metropolitan center for the periphery. Yet, this shared trajectory from the mainstream to the margin leads to very different insights. Davidson’s months-long solo walk undertaken to shed personal burdens and gain a better understanding of Aboriginal culture motivates the author to reject Western binary discourse. Ransmayr’s walks in remote places across the globe affirm an ethnocentric self. Buscher walked from Berlin to Moscow following in the footsteps of his grandfather, who died in World War II, in order to apprehend both past and current history. While he recognizes that the quest for comprehensive knowledge is futile, he does not abandon a colonial gaze. In essence, the three accounts show how travel literature both participates in and contests material and representational practices of the (post) colonial world order.
Accounting Conservatism and Debt Contracts: Efficient Liquidation and Covenant Renegotiation

This paper develops a theoretical model to understand the role of accounting conservatism in debt contracts, incorporating the possible renegotiation of debt contracts with accounting-based covenants. I find that the demand for accounting conservatism depends on whether renegotiation occurs and if so, at what cost. When the covenant is not renegotiable or when renegotiation cost is sufficiently high, more conservative accounting actually reduces the efficiency of debt contracts. When renegotiation cost is moderate, more conservative accounting may increase the entrepreneur’s welfare under certain conditions, especially for firms with less promising investment opportunities and for firms with higher liquidation values. Both are characteristics of “traditional industries” characterized by low growth and high level of tangible assets in place. When renegotiation is costless, the degree of accounting conservatism becomes irrelevant and the first best liquidation is always achieved. These results call for more cross-sectional examinations on the role of accounting conservatism in debt contracts in empirical studies. ∗This paper is based on the first chapter of my dissertation at Columbia University. I am especially indebted to Tim Baldenius for his guidance and encouragement of the project. I would also like to thank Patrick Bolton, Hui Chen, Bjorn Jorgensen, Nahum Malumad, Xiaojing Meng, Stephen Penman, Stefan Reichelstein, and Gil Sadka for their helpful comments and suggestions. This paper also benefits from the presentation at Carnegie Mellon University, University of Pennsylvania, and Purdue University. Any errors are my own. †Contact: Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213. Email: jlill@andrew.cmu.edu
cTAP: A Machine Learning Framework for Predicting Target Genes of a Transcription Factor using a Cohort of Gene Expression Data Sets

Identifying target genes of a transcription factor is crucial in biomedical research. Thanks to ChIP-seq technology, scientists can estimate potential genome-wide target genes of a transcription factor. However, finding the consistently behaving Up/Down targets of a transcription factor in a given biological context is difficult because it requires analysis of a large number of studies under the same or comparable context. We present a transcription target prediction method, called Cohort-based TF target prediction system (cTAP). This method assumes that the pathway involving the transcription factor of interest is featured with multiple functional groups of marker genes pertaining to the concerned biological process. It uses the notion of gene-presence and gene-absence in addition to log2 ratios of gene expression values for the prediction. Target prediction is made by applying multiple machine-learning models that learn the patterns of genepresence and gene-absence from log2 ratio and four types of Z scores from the normalized cohort’s gene expression data. The learned patterns are then associated with the putative targets of the concerned transcription factor to elicit genes exhibiting Up/Down gene regulation patterns “consistently” within the cohort. Totally 11 publicly available GEO data sets related to osteoclastogenesis are used in our experiment. The learned models using gene-presence and gene-absence produce target genes different from using only log2 ratios such as CASP1, BID, and IRF5. Our literature survey reveals that all these predicted targets have known roles in bone remodeling, specifically related to immune and osteoclasts, suggesting confidence in our method and potential merit for a wet-lab experiment for validation.
Outcomes of ovarian preservation for women aged ≤50 years with stage I adenosarcoma undergoing hysterectomy

Objectives: Investigate the prevalence of ovarian preservation for women aged ≤ 50 years diagnosed with early stage adenosarcoma and its impact on overall survival. Methods: The National Cancer Database was accessed, and patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 with stage I adenosarcoma without a history of another tumor who underwent hysterectomy were identified. Clinico-pathological characteristics for patients who did and did not undergo bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) were compared with the chi-square test. Overall survival was compared for patients who had at least one month of follow-up with the log-rank test and a Cox multivariate model was constructed to control for confounders. Results: A total of 367 patients with a median age of 42 were identified. In the present cohort, administration of chemotherapy (7.9%), radiation therapy (10.6%), and hormonal therapy (0.3%) was rare. BSO was performed for 311 (84.7%) patients. Patients who had BSO were older (median age 40.5 vs 43 years, p=0.011), and more likely to undergo lymphadenectomy (61.2% vs 34.5%, p Conclusions: For patients ≤ 50 years with early stage adenosarcoma ovarian preservation is rarely pursued. No detrimental effect on overall survival was observed. Thus ovarian preservation could be considered for carefully selected premenopausal patients.
Two Obstacles to (Merely) Chipping Away at Roe in Dobbs

This fall the Supreme Court will hear its most important abortion case in 30 years, Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization. Many think this Court would prefer to do two things: (1) Use Dobbs to narrow the constitutional right to elective abortion without eliminating the right (by overruling Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood v. Casey), and (2) leave the door open to further restricting abortion rights later on. But while other cases would have offered feasible means to these ends, Dobbs does not. For underappreciated reasons, the Dobbs Court may have to go all or nothing now: declare an abortion law invalid under Roe and Casey, or overturn Roe and Casey in full.
Tunisia : Stability and Reform in the Modern Maghreb

Introduction 1. State-Building and Independence in Tunisia 2. Authoritarianism and Stability in Tunisian Politics 3. Stability, Reform, and Development in Tunisia's Economy 4. Tunisia and the World 5. Stability, Reform, and Tunisia's Future
Enzymic joining of polynucleotides: VII. Role of the T4-induced ligase in the formation of recombinant molecules☆☆☆

Abstract After mixed infection of Escherichia coli strain BB with 32P-labeled- and bromouracil density-labeled T4 am EB6 (a T4 mutant defective in the DNA polymerase gene), two kinds of hybrid molecules were isolated. One type contained the 32P- and bromouracil-labeled components linked only by hydrogen bonds (joint molecules); the second type contained the labeled components in covalent linkage (recombinant molecules). Infection with 32P-labeled- and bromouracillabeled T4 am EB6-605 (a T4 mutant defective in both the DNA polymerase and polynucleotide ligase genes) led to the formation of only joint DNA molecules. These results indicate that a functional T4-induced ligase is required for the formation of recombinant DNA molecules in vivo. Conversion of joint to recombinant molecules was achieved in vitro and required ligase, DNA polymerase and the four deoxynucleoside triphosphates. This finding suggests that joint molecules are double-stranded structures in which single-strand gaps separate the polynucleotide segments derived from the parental DNA molecules.
The binding energy of human coagulation protein C to acidic phospholipid vesicles contains a major contribution from leucine 5 in the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid domain.

A mutant cDNA of recombinant (r)-human protein C (PC) encoding a Leu5–>Gln substitution ([Leu5–>Gln]r-PC) has been constructed and expressed in human 293 cells. A subpopulation of molecules was then purified that contained fully gamma-carboxylated [Leu5–>Gln]r-PC. Intrinsic fluorescence quenching studies with this mutant protein revealed a C50 for Ca2+ binding (0.24 mM) that was essentially the same as that of wild-type (wt) r-PC (0.35 mM). Additionally, the C50 for the Ca2+ dependence of binding of a Ca(2+)-specific monoclonal antibody to [Leu5–>Gln]r-PC, of 5.4 mM-6.5 mM, was similar to that of wtr-PC (4.5 mM). On the other hand, the anticoagulant activity of the activated form of this mutant ([Leu5–>Gln]r-APC) was only 2% of that of activated wtr-PC (wtr-APC), and the inactivation rate of human factor Va catalyzed by this same mutant enzyme was approximately 10% of that of wtr-APC, at maximal levels of Ca2+. This substantial loss of activity was reconciled with the apparent retention of the integrity of the Ca(2+)-dependent conformation of this mutant by the finding that this Ca(2+)-dependent conformation of [Leu5–>Gln]r-PC interacted poorly with mixed (60:40, w/w) phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine (PL) vesicles. These results suggest that Leu5, a residue strictly conserved in vitamin K-dependent proteins, is required for functional binding of PC to PL vesicles. These findings lend support to recent observations that have shown the importance of hydrophobic interactions in the binding of coagulation factors to PL vesicles. This current work further implicates Leu5 as a possible key participant in this hydrophobic binding energy.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE RESPONSE OF THE HUMAN INFANT AND ADULT TO IMMUNIZATION WITH SALMONELLA VACCINES.

Immunization of newborn infants with Salmonella vaccines results in agglutinin formation to the flagellar antigen as early as 7 days of life, and in 80% of infants by 14 days. This agglutinin is a gamma-l macroglobulin with a sedimentation rate of approximately 17 to 20S, and is susceptible to reductive cleavage. Production of a 7S sedimenting gamma-2 globulin agglutinin occurred by the 30th or 40th day after immunization in some infants. In the adult, macroglobulin agglutinins against the flagellar antigen appeared 4 to 5 days after immunization, followed by appearance of 7S agglutinins 3 or 4 days later. Both the macroglobulin and the slower sedimenting gamma-2 globulin agglutinin were thus qualitatively similar in the adult and infant and differed only in the timing of their appearance. Transplacentally acquired agglutinins specifically inhibited the response to the homologous flagellar antigen. Evidence was found for an agglutinin of intermediate sedimentation rate which had the electrophoretic mobility of gamma-l globulin, and was susceptible to reductive cleavage. This type agglutinin appeared after the macroglobin and before the 7S agglutinin. These studies support the concept that immunity, like all developmental processes, must not be measured to adult norms. At each stage of ontogeny, the mechanisms which have evolved should be judged by their appropriateness in dealing with the threats to survival peculiar to the epoch rather than those of full maturity.
Endothelial Function in Patients with Post-CPAP Residual Sleepiness

Study Objectives:The significance of residual excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) on cardiovascular markers in patients with adequately treated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remains unclear. The obj...
Subgoal Strategies for Solving Board Puzzles

We show that a few simple search strategies can solve a variety of difficult puzzles ranging from the 15-puzzle to central solitaire, Rubik’s cube, and several of its variants. One of these strategies automatically generates subgoals; another finds efficient sets of rules for the subgoals. The subgoals are based on the reversal of simple logical implications. With these strategies and a simple learning algorithm, we not only solve particular instances of these problems but automatically generate programs that solve all instances of the problem with reasonable efficiency. Our automatically generated program for Rubik’s cube can solve a fully scrambled cube in about two minutes on a 66 Mhz 486 PC.
Multiple Voltage-Dependent Mechanisms Potentiate Calcium Channel Activity in Hippocampal Neurons

Neuronal voltage-gated calcium channels provide a pathway for calcium influx that is required for processes ranging from intracellular signaling to alterations in cellular excitability. In hippocampal neurons, we have characterized a subtype of dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type calcium channels (Lp channel) that shows multiple kinds of voltage-dependent potentiation of its activity. One type of potentiation is elicited by low-voltage stimuli (-10 mV) and can be seen in dual-pulse protocols in which a transient hyperpolarization is interposed between conditioning and test pulses. The second type of potentiation is elicited by much higher voltages (+60 mV) and is selectively deactivated at hyperpolarized voltages. We have compared these types of potentiation in the Lp channel, the "standard" L-type channel, and the cardiac L-type channel. Our results show that the high-voltage potentiation is common to all three channel types. The low-voltage form of potentiation, however, is unique to the Lp channel. Thus, the Lp channel shows two kinds of potentiation that differ in their voltage dependence and rate of decay. Therefore, calcium channel plasticity in the hippocampus has a variety of forms distinguished by their stimulus requirements and duration.
Doppler strain rate echocardiography versus magnetic resonance imaging.

To the Editor: In the recently published article by Edvardsen et al1 in Circulation where Doppler strain rate (SDE) was compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tissue-tagged strain rate imaging, it is a significant loss for the readers that the differences in strains obtained from MRI and SDE were glossed over so casually by the authors. As stated in the article, strain is the time integral of incremental strain rate. One …
Evaluation of a New Vancomycin Dosing Protocol in Morbidly Obese Patients

Background: Optimal dosing of vancomycin in morbidly obese patients (>100 kg and at least 140% of their ideal body weight) has not been determined. Conventional dosing strategies have led to the observation of supratherapeutic trough concentrations (>20 mcg/mL). Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a new vancomycin dosing protocol in morbidly obese patients in achieving therapeutic trough concentrations between 10 and 20 mcg/mL and to determine patient-specific factors influencing the trough concentration attained. Methodology: A single-center, retrospective chart review included morbidly obese adult patients with a pharmacy-to-dose vancomycin consult and at least 1 trough concentration obtained at steady state. Patients were excluded if they had a creatinine clearance (CrCl) less than 35 mL/min or unstable renal function, were not dosed according to the revised protocol, or received vancomycin prior to initiation of the protocol. Results: Of the 48 patients included, 17 (35.4%) achieved a therapeu...
Physician judgment in clinical settings: methodological influences and cognitive performance.

Understanding the quality of physicians' intuitive judgments is essential in determining the appropriate use of their judgments in medical decision-making (vis-a-vis analytical or actuarial approaches). As part of this process, the quality of physicians' predictions must be assessed because prediction is fundamental to common clinical tasks: determining diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy; establishing monitoring intervals; performing screening and preventive maneuvers. Critical evaluation of predictive capabilities requires an assessment of the components of the prediction process: the data available for prediction, the method used for prediction, and the accuracy of prediction. Although variation in and uncertainty about the underlying data elements are often acknowledged as a source of inaccurate predictions, prediction also can be confounded by both methodological and cognitive limitations. During the past two decades, numerous factors have been recognized that may bias test characteristics (sensitivity and specificity). These same factors may also produce bias in intuitive judgments. The use of cognitive processes to simplify judgment tasks (e.g., the availability and representativeness heuristics) and the presence of certain biases in the judgment process (e.g., ego, regret) may present obstacles to accurate estimation of probabilities by physicians. Limitations on the intuitive use of information (cognitive biases) have been demonstrated in both medical and nonmedical decision-making settings. Recent studies have led to a deepening understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of intuitive and analytical approaches to decision making. Here, many aspects of the basis for this understanding are reviewed.
Endovascular device design in the future: transformation from trial and error to computational design

Endovascular devices have been designed by trial and error, with bench and animal testing followed by human clinical trials to determine whether the devices are safe and effective. Despite remarkable advances over the past 15 years, there are persistent concerns regarding the long-term durability of endovascular devices. This may be due to deficiencies in device design, which has lagged behind other industries in adopting computational methods that are now routinely used to design, develop, and test new aircraft and automobiles. Similar computational design and failure mode simulations that evaluate performance under stress conditions have not been widely applied in the development of endovascular devices. Advances in medical imaging and computational modeling now allow simulation of physiological conditions in patient-specific 3-dimensional vascular models, which can provide a framework to design and test the next generation of endovascular devices. This modeling will allow the prospective design of devices that can withstand the force variations in the cardiovascular system that occur during bending, coughing, and varying degrees of exercise, as well as the extremes encountered during sudden impact in contact sports. Utilization of computational design methodology that takes into consideration the physiology of the cardiovascular system will improve future endovascular devices so that they are safer and more effective and durable.
Non-crossing partitions for classical reflection groups

Abstract We introduce analogues of the lattice of non-crossing set partitions for the classical reflection groups of types B and D . The type B analogues (first considered by Montenegro in a different guise) turn out to be as well-behaved as the original non-crossing set partitions, and the type D analogues almost as well-behaved. In both cases, they are EL-labellable ranked lattices with symmetric chain decompositions (self-dual for type B ), whose rank-generating functions, zeta polynomials, rank-selected chain numbers have simple closed forms.
Games of Truth: Foucault's Analysis of the Transformation from Political to Ethical Parrhêsia

Etude de l'analyse foucaldienne de la transformation de la notion de parrhesia de la sphere politique a la sphere ethique dans le «Banquet» de Platon. L'A. souligne le role de la franchise -ou liberte de parler- dans le discours philosophique d'Alcibiade et de Socrate, ou la parrhesia apparait comme une condition de l'acte de parole vrai
Dysphagia resulting from esophageal ring.

ince the original work of Ingelfinger and Kramer [ Z ] and Schatzki and Gary [7] on the production of dysphagia by esophageal rings S was published in 1953, a substantial number of reports on the subject have appeared. Some of these reports comprise a sizable series of patients, such as the account of Postlethwait and Sealy of 59 cases [61, while others cite a solitary case [l]. Uniformity of opinion is lacking on the etiology, pathophysiology, and preferred surgical management of the disorder. In reporting the following 7 patients with esophageal ring occurring at various levels of the esophagus we hope to clarify certain aspects of this fascinating anomaly.
Ecological genomics: making the leap from model systems in the lab to native populations in the field

Recent reviews have emphasized the need to incorporate genomics into ecological field studies to further understand how species respond to changing environmental conditions. Genomic tools, such as cDNA (complementary DNA) microarrays, allow for the simultaneous analysis of gene expression of thousands of genes from all or part of an organism's genome (the transcription profile), thereby revealing the genetic mechanisms that underlie species' responses to environmental change. However, despite their potential, two major limitations have hindered the incorporation of microarrays and other genomic tools into field studies: (1) the limited availability of microarrays for ecologically relevant, non-model species and limited financial resources for developing new microarrays; and (2) concern that high sensitivity of gene expression to even subtle alterations in environmental conditions will hinder detection of relevant changes in field measures of transcription profiles. Here, we show that with cross-species hy...
Broadband Silicon Photonic Packet-Switching Node for Large-Scale Computing Systems

We present a broadband packet-switching node that utilizes silicon photonic technology. The node design uses a silicon microring for switching functionality, leverages in-flight header processing for arbitration, and has a tunable driving circuit for thermal-effect mitigation. Moreover, these integrated microring switches are capable of scaling to tremendously high port counts in a compact area, which are attractive for data-center networks. We experimentally characterize the extinction ratio of the switch for varying packet durations, interarrival times, and driving voltages and demonstrate an error-free routing of 10-Gb/s wavelength-striped packets with lengths of up to 1536 ns. We further study the resonance thermal drifting for long- hold-time packet switching through carrier injection and show thermal-effect mitigation using a pre-emphasized gating signal.
Transport properties and magnetic interactions in acceptor-type magnetic graphite intercalation compounds.

Results on the resistivity of stage-1 and stage-2 ${\mathrm{CoCl}}_{2}$ graphite intercalation compounds (GIC's) as a function of temperature (T) and magnetic field (H) are reported. The anomalies observed in the resistivity measurements at the magnetic phase transitions are explained by an interaction based on \ensuremath{\pi}-d electron coupling. The contrasts in the T and H dependences of the resistivity between the stage-1 and stage-2 compounds for T${T}_{\mathrm{cl}}$ and H${H}_{c2}$ are attributed to the different correlation lengths in the c-axis antiferromagnetic ordering. The magnitude of the interplanar antiferromagnetic coupling constant (J') in stage-1 ${\mathrm{CoCl}}_{2}$ GIC's and the \ensuremath{\pi}-d exchange coupling constant (${J}_{\ensuremath{\pi}\mathit{\ensuremath{-}}d}$) are estimated from the transport measurements. Magnetic exchange mechanisms are proposed by considering the relative contributions of the superexchange, dipole-dipole, and Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interactions. We conclude that the superexchange interaction is the dominant magnetic interplanar coupling mechanism in pristine ${\mathrm{CoCl}}_{2}$ and stage-1 ${\mathrm{CoCl}}_{2}$ GIC's, and is of comparable importance to the dipole-dipole interaction in stage-2 compounds. The dipole-dipole interaction is the dominant mechanism in higher stage GIC's (n\ensuremath{\ge}3). The RKKY interaction is always found to be negligibly small, due to the quasi-two-dimensional electronic properties of these acceptor GIC's.
Fault Tolerance of Cayley Graphs

It is a difcult problem in general to decide whether a Cayley graph Cay(G; S) is con- nected where G is an arbitrary nite group and S a subset of G. For example, testing primitivity of an element in a nite eld is a special case of this problem but notoriously hard. In this paper, it is shown that if a Cayley graph Cay(G; S) is known to be connected then its fault tolerance can be determined in polynomial time in jSj log(jGj). This is accomplished by establishing a new structural result for Cayley graphs. This result also yields a simple proof of optimal fault tolerance for an innite class of Cayley graphs, namely exchange graphs. We also use the proof technique for our structural result to give a new proof of a known result on quasiminimal graphs.
Cardiac disease in children with primary glomerular disorders-role of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Anecdotal reports suggest a higher frequency of serious cardiac complications, particularly cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure (CHF), in children with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). We report the occurrence of cardiac disease in children with FSGS compared with other glomerular causes of primary nephrotic syndrome (NS). A chart review was performed on all patients evaluated at the Schneider Children's Hospital between 1985 and 2003 with a diagnosis of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), membranous nephropathy (MN), focal global glomerulosclerosis (FGGS), and FSGS. Clinical and demographic data were compiled, specifically whether or not the patient had clinically evident cardiac disease. The blood pressure (BP) and hematocrit in patients with FSGS and chronic renal failure (CRF) (glomerular filtration rate 0.1). Our findings suggest that there is a clinical association between FSGS and cardiac disease in pediatric patients. We speculate that the immune mechanism responsible for the development of FSGS may also affect the heart.
A comprehensive review of epinephrine in the finger: to do or not to do.

The prohibition against the use of local anesthetics with epinephrine for digital blocks or infiltration is an established surgical tradition. The present article provides a comprehensive review of all reported digital necrotic and ischemic complications with epinephrine in the digits in an effort to understand whether the current prohibition is based on documented reports. A comprehensive review of articles showing the successful use of local anesthetic with epinephrine in the digits is presented.A review of Index Medicus from 1880 to 1966 and a computer review of the National Library of Medicine database from 1966 to 2000 were performed using multiple keywords. Selected major textbooks from 1900 to 2000 were also reviewed.A total of 48 cases of digital gangrene after anesthetic blocks (mostly using cocaine or procaine) have been reported in the world literature. Only 21 cases involved the use of epinephrine; 17 involved an unknown concentration based on manual dilution. Multiple other concurrent conditions (hot soaks, tight tourniquets, and infection) existed in these case reports, making it difficult to determine the exact cause of the tissue insult. There have been no case reports of digital gangrene using commercial lidocaine with epinephrine (introduced in 1948). Multiple studies involving thousands of patients support the premise that the use of lidocaine with epinephrine is safe in the digits. An extensive literature review failed to provide consistent evidence that our current preparations of local anesthesia with epinephrine cause digital necrosis, although not all complications are necessarily reported. However, as with all techniques, caution is necessary to balance the risks of this technique with the dangers of mechanical tourniquets and upper extremity block anesthesia.
Amylase Activity in Taproots of Medicago sativa L. and Lotus corniculatus L. Following Defoliation

Although the patterns of starch metabolism in taproots of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus cornirulatus L.) have been characterized, little is known regarding the activities of starch-degrading enzymes in taproots of these species. Our objective was to determine how defoliation influences starch degradation and activities of amylases in taproots of alfalfa and birdsfoot trefoil. In Exp. 1, amylolytic activities and starch concentrations in taproots of defoliated and undefoliated plants were compared on days 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14 after defoliation
Index : A Rule Based Expert System For Computer Network Maintenance

Communications is an expert intensive discipline. The application of expert systems for maintenance of large and complex networks, mainly as an aid in trouble shooting, can simplify the task of network management. The important steps involved in troubleshooting are fault detection, fault reporting, fault interpretation and fault isolation. At present, Network Maintenance Facilities are capable of detecting and reporting the faults to network personnel. Fault interpretation refers to the next step in the process, which involves coming up with reasons for the failure. Fault interpretation can be characterized in two ways. First, it involves such a diversity of facts that it is difficult to predict. Secondly, it embodies a wealth of knowledge in the form of network management personnel. The application of expert systems in these interpretive tasks is an important step towards automation of network maintenance. In this paper, INDEX (Intelligent Network Diagnosis Expediter), a rule based production system for computer network alarm interpretation is described. It acts as an intelligent filter for people analyzing network alarms. INDEX analyzes the alarms in the network and identifies proper maintenance action to be taken.The important feature of this production system is that it is data driven. Working memory is the principal data repository of production systems and its contents represent the current state of the problem. Control is based upon which productions match the constantly changing working memory elements. Implementation of the prototype is in OPS83. Major issues in rule based system development such as rule base organization, implementation and efficiency are discussed.
Preoperative balloon occlusion: "the intravascular ligature".

Abstract The resection of cerebral arteriovenous malformations may be difficult or very hazardous when access to the feeding arteries is limited by overlying large draining veins. Properative occlusion of feeding arteries can be performed using detachable flow-directed balloons.
Hormone-regulated transcriptomes: Lessons learned from estrogen signaling pathways in breast cancer cells

Recent rapid advances in next generation sequencing technologies have expanded our understanding of steroid hormone signaling to a genome-wide level. In this review, we discuss the use of a novel genomic approach, global nuclear run-on coupled with massively parallel sequencing (GRO-seq), to explore new facets of the steroid hormone-regulated transcriptome, especially estrogen responses in breast cancer cells. GRO-seq is a high throughput sequencing method adapted from conventional nuclear run-on methodologies, which is used to obtain a map of the position and orientation of all transcriptionally engaged RNA polymerases across the genome with extremely high spatial resolution. GRO-seq, which is an excellent tool for examining transcriptional responses to extracellular stimuli, has been used to comprehensively assay the effects of estrogen signaling on the transcriptome of ERα-positive MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. These studies have revealed new details about estrogen-dependent transcriptional regulation, including effects on transcription by all three RNA polymerases, complex transcriptional dynamics in response to estrogen signaling, and identification novel, unannotated non-coding RNAs. Collectively, these studies have been useful in discerning the molecular logic of the estrogen-regulated mitogenic response.
Results of whole brain radiotherapy in patients with brain metastases from breast cancer: a retrospective study.

Abstract Purpose : To analyze the factors that affect survival in patients with brain metastases (BM) from breast cancer who were treated with whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Methods and Materials : We identified 116 women with breast cancer who were treated with WBRT alone between February 1984 and September 2000. All patients had treatment and follow-up data available in their medical charts, which we extracted for this retrospective study. We evaluated a number of potential predictors of survival after WBRT: age, primary tumor stage, control of primary tumor, presence of other systemic metastases, site of systemic metastases, Karnofsky performance status, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) recursive partitioning analysis class, total dose of WBRT, and number of BM. Eighteen patients received a total dose >3000 cGy and 7 received a partial brain boost. Results : For the entire cohort, the median survival from the start of WBRT was 4.2 months. The 1-year survival rate was 17%, and the 2-year survival rate was 2%. Using univariate analysis, only Karnofsky performance status (p = 0. 0084), recursive partitioning analysis class (p = 0. 0147), and total WBRT dose (p = 0.0001) were predictive of longer survival. In multivariate analysis, Karnofsky performance status was the only significant predictor. Conclusion : Overall survival in breast cancer patients with BM treated with WBRT is poor. We recommend breast cancer patients with BM be enrolled in prospective trials to improve results.
Ionization of He by slow protons

The recently developed method of multi-electronic hidden crossings is used to describe the ionization of He by proton impact. Single ionization is satisfactorily described by taking into account only single excited configurations within a fully correlated, molecular structure configuration interaction calculation of the electronic eigensurfaces in the plane of complex internuclear distance. However, a significant role is played by doubly excited states in double ionization. Within this theoretical framework, the single-ionization mechanism is found and described by a series of hidden crossings. A comparison with measurements and other theoretical approaches is given.
Do transplanted human livers regenerate

Two individuals undergoing orthotopic hepatic transplantation received livers from donors who were on average 10 kg smaller than themselves based on recipient ideal body weight. As a result, the donor livers in these 2 cases were 29%-59% smaller than would be expected had the donor liver and recipient been matched ideally. The liver grafts in the recipients steadily increased in size, as determined by serial computed tomography scanning, to achieve new volumes consistent with those that would have been expected in a normal individual of the recipient's size, sex, and age. Fasting plasma levels of amino acids, glucagon, insulin, and standard liver injury tests were monitored to determine which measure best reflected the changes observed in the size of the grafts over time. No relationship between the changes observed in any of these parameters and hepatic growth was apparent. In both cases, the liver increased in volume at a rate of ∼ 70 ml/day. These data demonstrate that a small-for-size liver transplanted into a larger recipient increases in size at a rate of ∼ 70 ml/day until it achieves a liver volume consistent with that expected given the recipient's size, age, and sex.
A method for controlling the activities of free metal, hydrogen, and phosphate ions in hydroponic solutions using ion exchange and chelating resins

An ion exchange and chelating resin system was developed to buffer the activities of selected free cations and phosphate in hydroponic solutions at concentrations similar to those that occur naturally in soil solutions. Free-ion activities of Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn, H, Ca, Mg, and K were maintained by ion exchange and chelating resins in a controlled ionic strength system. Iron was controlled by EDDHA and chelating resin, and P by a cation-exchange resin containing adsorbed polynuclear hydroxyaluminum. This mixed-resin hydroponic system was used to establish a range of ionic Cd activities similar to that found in soil solutions of soils amended with sewage sludge. Activities of other nutrients were maintained at realistic soil-solution levels. A metal complexing agent (EDTA) was used to increase total metal concentration in the hydroponic solutions without significantly altering the ionic activities of the metals maintained in solution. This allowed differentiation of the effects of free ions and complexed metals on metal uptake. Concentrations of metal complexes in solution were controlled by the ion activities of the metals maintained and the concentrations and selectivities of the complexing agent. The mixed-resin system supplied sufficient nutrients for the growth of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum, cv. Wisconsin-55) in hydroponic culture.
Locating Global Feminisms Elsewhere

This article explores the trajectory of global feminism from the vantage point of the US, and its treatment of `Other Women' in the service of its own hegemonic (re)construction and simultaneous oc...