cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of an automated three-component shallow seismic acquisition system

Summary The multimode analysis of full-vector seismic data has the potential to provide engineers and geophysicists with information about near-surface soil and rock properties such as unit thicknesses, fault and stratal geometries, soil strength and compressibility, fracture orientation, and perhaps pore-fluid content. Acquisition of the full-vector wavefield using three-component (3C) receivers, however, is a time- and labor-intensive procedure. Existing methods of acquisition make the use of 3C seismic data costprohibitive w ith r egard t o g eotechnical s ite characterization. The cost of acquisition, coupled with the information content of 3C seismic data, creates an economic motivation for making acquisition more costeffective. We approached this problem by rigidly attaching arrays of 3C Galperin receiver units to lengths of channeliron. The channel-iron serves as an acquisition device that eliminates the need to individually plant, connect, vertically
Static test compaction for transition faults under the hazard-based detection conditions

The conventional detection conditions for transition faults require a transition at the fault site for activating a fault. The hazard-based detection conditions allow a transition fault to be activated by a pulse. Earlier, the hazard-based detection conditions were used for obtaining more accurate estimates of transition fault coverage and for more accurate defect diagnosis. This paper considers their use for test compaction. The procedure described in this paper replaces the conventional detection conditions with the hazard-based detection conditions for some faults. The use of the hazard-based detection conditions allows each test to detect more faults, thus allowing the number of tests to be reduced.
Cardiovascular applications of magnetic resonance flow and velocity measurements

With recent developments of MR techniques for blood flow measurements, qualitative and quantitative information on both flow volume and flow velocity in the major vessels can be obtained. MR flow quantitation uses the phase, rather than the amplitude of the MR signal, to reconstruct the images. Previous validation studies have demonstrated the accuracy of the phase shift techniques for measuring flow velocities. This technique is now being applied successfully in the cardiovascular system to quantify global and regional ventricular function, valvular heart disease, pulmonary artery disease, thoracic aortic disease, congenital heart disease, and ischemic heart disease.
THE EFFECT OF EARTHEN POND BANK GRASS ON PRAWN YIELD1

A paired-t test has shown that, statistically, proper shortening of the pond bank grass covering increased the harvested yields of production ponds. This increase is assumed to be due to higher harvest efficiencies and the resultant timely removal of as many market size prawns as possible. From October 1983 to May 1984, an annual adjusted yield of 2,300 kg per harvested hectare was achieved in ponds with properly maintained banks. In contrast, ponds with long grass covered banks yielded 1,916 kg per harvested hectare. These results showed clearly the importance of high harvest efficiency in managing a fresh water prawn production facility.
L-iduronidase in cultured human fibroblasts and liver

Abstract Extracts of normal human livers and skin fibroblasts cultured from normal individuals and patients with the Hurler syndrome released L-iduronic acid when incubated with desulfated dermatan sulfate. Enzyme extracts of normal fibroblasts liberated larger amounts of L-induronic acid, as judged by paper chromatography, than did homogenates from Hurler fibroblasts. Preliminary studies with desulfated heparan sulfate using the same enzyme systems have also shown material with the Rf of iduronolactone on paper chromatography.
Economics of alternative palm oil processing technologies in Imo State

This study was designed to analyse the costs and returns of alternative palm oil processing techniques in Imo State. Data were collected with structured questionnaire from 120 randomly selected palm oil processors, and analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that there was a significant difference in the net returns of palm oil processors using traditional and hydraulic processing technologies. Farm size, producer price and palm oil output positively and significantly influenced net returns, while costs of marketing, harvesting, and processing as well as season of processing negatively and significantly influenced the net returns of both traditional and hydraulic technologies users. Palm oil output is positively related to processing stage, capital inputs, variety of palm fruit, and harvesting time, and negatively related to mandays of labour and processing technology used. Output of Palm oil and consequently net returns would increase if palm oil processors retain or increase the level of use of factors which positively influence output and reduce the level of use of factors that negatively influence output. Keywords : economics, palm oil processing, technologies Journal of Technology and Education in Nigeria Vol. 9(2) 2004: 56-64
An Experimental Comparison of Deductive and Inductive Feedback Generated by a Simple Parser

Abstract This paper describes a new parser-driven Japanese tutor, “ banzai ” designed for second language instruction. The paper also presents an empirical study using the banzai program. The relative effectiveness of teaching explicit grammatical rules as opposed to providing relevant examples without rule instruction has been a subject of continuing debate in second language acquisition research. This debate raises an important design question for computer feedback. To answer this question, an experiment was performed in which two types of feedback were implemented into the banzai program: rule-based (deductive) feedback and example-based (inductive) feedback. The participants in the study were students taking Japanese at the college level, most of whom were native English speakers. The results of the study indicate that ongoing rule-driven deductive feedback is more effective than example-driven inductive feedback for learning relatively complex structures whose grammatical rules are not salient in light of examples.
Health Promotion as Brief Treatment: Strategies for Women with Co-morbid Health and Mental Health Conditions

In the last decade, there has been increased recognition of the link between mental health conditions and physical disorders. This nexus has had particular implications for women diagnosed with a psychiatric illness and receiving public sector mental health services. The purpose of this article is to summarize 4 core health-related concerns that women with psychiatric conditions present to mental health providers. They include psychosocial/ personal history, medication-induced weight gain, pregnancy, and substance use. The article then defines and describes health promotion strategies (e.g., Wellness Recovery Action Plan, Fitness Program, Health Education, and Gender-Specific Treatment Groups) and model programs within the context of brief treatment. Finally, the article reviews barriers to implementation of strategies (e.g., fiscal, clinical, and training) and concludes with recommendations for organizational shift to a health promotion philosophy and brief treatment. [Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention 7:161–175 (2007)]
Sulfated zirconia as a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst

Abstract Platinum containing sulfated zirconia is a more active catalyst for hydrocarbon isomerization and cracking than most, if not all, zeolite cracking catalysts. A survey of the literature data suggests that the preparation technique, initial calcination and final catalyst treatment play important roles in determining catalyst activity. The final treatment probably is the most important and least controlled step in most studies to date. Whether the catalytic site involves Lewis or Bronsted acidity is debated; our data indicate Bronsted acidity as more likely. The role of a supported metal, e.g., Pt, is to provide a hydrogenation role but many attribute a second role for it in generating acidity through hydrogen spillover. For hexadecane conversions, increasing the hydrogen pressure increases the cracking to lower molecular weight hydrocarbons. The presence of small amounts of hydrogen donors are claimed to improve isomerization selectivity.
Implications of a Pliocene stand of Nothofagus (southern beech) within 500 kilometres of the South Pole

Branches, stems and roots of Nothofagus (southern beech) were reported from the Beardmore Glacier area (Sirius Formation) some 500 km from the South Pole. The Sirius Formation is a glacially derived unit which is considered Pliocene in age. We considered two scenarios by which a Nothofagus forest could flourish so close to the South Pole during the Pliocene. One scenario calls for the disappearance of this genus from Antarctica during the early Tertiary (Oligocene) and its re-introduction during a warm Pliocene interval. Seeds from modern Nothofagus, however, are not viable after submersion in sea water, are not carried by migrating birds and are not designed for long-distance wind transport. The second scenario involves survival of Nothofagus in Antarctic refugia through middle Tertiary glacial advances and its flourishing during a Pliocene warming. Excluding its occurrence in the Beardmore Glacier area, the known range of this genus in Antarctica is Cretaceous to Oligocene with some questionable occurrences in the early Miocene. The existing data do not support the refugia scenario. We also considered published speculations in which the closest modern analogue to the Beardmore Glacier Region, during the time that the Nothofagus represented by these specimens lived, was the coastal region of southern Chile where average annual temperatures are approximately 5°C and summer temperatures are of the order of 8–10°C. We incorporated these observations and speculations into a palaeoenvironmental model, assuming them to be valid; the results require Pliocene temperatures as warm as, or warmer than, the Cretaceous, a scenario which is not supported by the literature. We conclude, therefore, that the occurrence of Nothofagus in the Beardmore Glacier area is older than Pliocene. Instead, we suggest that it represents a relict assemblage which is probably no younger than Oligocene but which may have persisted into the early Miocene.
Dopamine D3 Receptors Mediate the Discriminative Stimulus Effects of Quinpirole in Free-Feeding Rats

The discriminative stimulus effects of dopamine (DA) D3/D2 receptor agonists are thought to be mediated by D2 receptors. To maintain responding, access to food is often restricted, which can alter neurochemical and behavioral effects of drugs acting on DA systems. This study established stimulus control with quinpirole in free-feeding rats and tested the ability of agonists to mimic and antagonists to attenuate the effects of quinpirole. The same antagonists were studied for their ability to attenuate quinpirole-induced yawning and hypothermia. DA receptor agonists apomorphine and lisuride, but not amphetamine and morphine, occasioned responding on the quinpirole lever. The discriminative stimulus effects of quinpirole were attenuated by the D3 receptor-selective antagonist N-{4-[4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-trans-but-2-enyl}-4-pyridine-2-yl-benzamide HCl (PG01037) and the nonselective D3/D2 receptor antagonist raclopride, but not by the D2 receptor-selective antagonist 3-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]methyl-1H-indole (L-741,626); the potencies of PG01037 and raclopride to antagonize this effect of quinpirole paralleled their potencies to antagonize the ascending limb of the quinpirole yawning dose-response curve (thought to be mediated by D3 receptors). L-741,626 selectively antagonized the descending limb of the quinpirole yawning dose-response curve, and both L-741,626 and raclopride, but not PG01037, antagonized the hypothermic effects of quinpirole (thought to be mediated by D2 receptors). Food restriction (10 g/day/7 days) significantly decreased quinpirole-induced yawning without affecting the quinpirole discrimination. Many discrimination studies on DA receptor agonists use food-restricted rats; together with those studies, the current experiment using free-feeding rats suggests that feeding conditions affecting the behavioral effects of direct-acting DA receptor agonists might also have an impact on the effects of indirect-acting agonists such as cocaine and amphetamine.
An overview of the role of context-sensitive HMMS in the prediction of NCRNA genes

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) are RNA molecules that function in the cells without being translated into proteins. In recent years, much evidence has been found that ncRNAs play a crucial role in various biological processes. As a result, there has been an increasing interest in the prediction of ncRNA genes. Due to the conserved secondary structure in ncRNAs, there exist pairwise dependencies between distant bases. These dependencies cannot be effectively modeled using traditional HMMs, and we need a more complex model such as the context-sensitive HMM (csHMM). In this paper, we overview the role of csHMMs in the RNA secondary structure analysis and the prediction of ncRNA genes. It is demonstrated that the context-sensitive HMMs can serve as an efficient framework for these purposes
Ultrastructural and Biophysical Characterization of Hepatitis C Virus Particles Produced in Cell Culture

We analyzed the biochemical and ultrastructural properties of hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles produced in cell culture. Negative-stain electron microscopy revealed that the particles were spherical (∼40- to 75-nm diameter) and pleomorphic and that some of them contain HCV E2 protein and apolipoprotein E on their surfaces. Electron cryomicroscopy revealed two major particle populations of ∼60 and ∼45 nm in diameter. The ∼60-nm particles were characterized by a membrane bilayer (presumably an envelope) that is spatially separated from an internal structure (presumably a capsid), and they were enriched in fractions that displayed a high infectivity-to-HCV RNA ratio. The ∼45-nm particles lacked a membrane bilayer and displayed a higher buoyant density and a lower infectivity-to-HCV RNA ratio. We also observed a minor population of very-low-density, >100-nm-diameter vesicular particles that resemble exosomes. This study provides low-resolution ultrastructural information of particle populations displaying differential biophysical properties and specific infectivity. Correlative analysis of the abundance of the different particle populations with infectivity, HCV RNA, and viral antigens suggests that infectious particles are likely to be present in the large ∼60-nm HCV particle populations displaying a visible bilayer. Our study constitutes an initial approach toward understanding the structural characteristics of infectious HCV particles.
METHYL GREEN-PYRONIN II. STOICHIOMETRY OF REACTION WITH NUCLEIC ACIDS

Study of the stoichiometry of the DNA-methyl green reaction by dialysis, precipitation of stain-nucleic acid mixtures, and the staining of nuclei of known DNA content, indicate that the compound consists of one dye molecule per 10 P. The significance of this result was discussed in the preceding paper (1). Histone and lanthanum (and probably other multivalent cations (3)) compete with the dye for the nucleic acid molecule, indicating a common site of attachment, presumably the phosphoric acid groups. With care in the avoidance of procedures which might depolymerize DNA, and the use of a buffer at about pH 4.1, a quantitative histochemical method for DNA by the use of methyl green is possible. Pyronin staining appears to be of qualitative significance only. Slight differences in degree of polymerization, as between the shad and mammalian DNA appear to have no effect on methyl green staining. It may be that a critical level of polymerization for DNA staining exists. This level must exceed 20 nucleotides to account for the 10 P to 1 dye molecule and the effect on the methyl green absorption spectrum; but it may be considerably greater. Beyond this critical level, whatever it may be, further polymerization probably has no influence on staining.
Community partners’ perceptions in working with local health departments: an exploratory study

The purpose of this article is to explore perceptions of partnerships among organisational representatives and volunteers working with local health departments (LHDs). Semi-structured interviews were conducted, transcribed and coded in NVIVO 8.0. Using thematic analysis, four major themes were identified. Partners’ reported multiple roles in the partnerships, but did not express a desire to play more of a leadership role. Motivations to partner differed depending if they were personal or organisational driven to participate. Partners in rural communities reported partnering more often due to limited financial resources and staff, but were more concerned about burnout. Indicators of success reported by partners included building strong relationships, completing projects, measuring attendance to events, and to a smaller extent, change in community outcomes using assessments. Results suggest LHD partners are not interested in increased leadership responsibility in their partnerships and that motivations to p...
Human Factors Field Evaluation of Automotive Headway Maintenance/Collision Warning Devices

Three on-road studies were conducted to determine how headway maintenance and collision warning displays influence driver behavior. Visual perspective, visual perspective with a pointer, visual perspective combined with an auditory warning, discrete visual warning, and discrete auditory warning were assessed during both coupled headway and deceleration events. Results indicate that when drivers are provided with salient visual information regarding safe headways, they utilize the information and increase their headway when appropriate. Auditory warnings were less effective than visual warnings for increasing headways but may be helpful for improving reaction time during events that require deceleration. Drivers were somewhat insensitive to false alarm rates, at least during short-term use. Finally, and most important, driver headway maintenance increased by as much as 0.5 s when the appropriate visual display was used. However, a study to investigate the longterm effects of such displays on behavior is strongly recommended prior to mass marketing of headway maintenance/collision warning devices.
Realizing a Humanoid Neck with Serial Chain Four-bar Mechanism:

In this article, we present design, fabrication, and characterization of a two- degree freedom humanoid neck based on serial chain four-bar mechanism. The nodding mechanism is designed in such a way that an eccentric center of gravity of the robotic head is counterbalanced by pre-tensioned springs which makes the modular neck prototype stati- cally in equilibrium. In addition, due to installation of drive motor away from the rotation axis of nodding system, the torque requirement is significantly reduced allowing the use of low-cost RC servo motor to drive the head assembly. We describe in detail modeling and characteri- zation of the neck rotational movement focusing on nodding mechanism. Extensive mathe- matical model for interaction of two dynamical systems, headneck and servomechanism, is developed. Humanoid neck design based on RC servo motor having potentiometer feedback experiences inherent overshooting. In order to overcome the overshoot associated with servo dynamics, an external PD controller is implemented and the motion similar to that of human neck is demonstrated by numerical simulation.
PIETISTS, JURISTS, AND THE EARLY ENLIGHTENMENT CRITIQUE OF PRIVATE CONFESSION IN LUTHERAN GERMANY*

From the 1680s to the 1720s German Lutheran pastors’ use of private confession and suspension from Communion as a means of disciplining wayward parishioners generated seminal theological and intellectual debates. They were driven by Pietists and secular natural law jurists and concerned ultimately the purported corruption in the early Christian church that led to the abusive, unwarranted, and centuries-long intrusion of clerical power into secular affairs. By investigating these debates, this essay reveals in new ways the constructive collision of two different intellectual predispositions—one clerical, the other legal—that propelled the early Enlightenment in Germany. Letters from the 1680s and other writings of Philipp Jakob Spener, the father of German Pietism, show how he and fellow clergymen wrestled with specific pastoral challenges regarding the disciplining of allegedly unrepentant and incorrigible sinners. Christian Thomasius, a central figure in the early Enlightenment, and other secular natural law jurists vigorously rebutted the Pietists’ claims by critically examining the practice of confession in the primitive church, thereby exposing the historical origins of priestcraft. In doing so, Thomasius highlighted affinities between his work and that of the radical Pietist Gottfried Arnold, who had indicted the clergies of Christian churches for their unjust and inveterate persecution of religious dissidents. But Thomasius also faulted Arnold for weaknesses in his biblical scholarship. Thomasius's criticism points to the special form of biblical scholarship that secular natural law jurists had helped to develop and that predisposed them to embrace radical interpretations of Scripture, a potent stimulant of early Enlightenment thought.
Rechargeable solid state lithium microbatteries

A rechargeable thin-film lithium battery that can be used as a miniature power supply for small devices has been developed. The battery consists of an amorphous vanadium pentoxide (aV/sub 2/O/sub 5/) cathode, an amorphous lithium phosphorus oxynitride (Lipon) electrolyte, and a lithium anode. A thin-film cover layer protects the battery from exposure to air and water vapor. The battery can deliver up to 60 mu A/cm/sup 2/ of current between 3.6 V and 1.5 V. Higher voltages can be achieved by fabricating two or more cells in series. A 1-cm/sup 2/ cell with a 1-1.5- mu m-thick cathode discharged from 3.6 to 1.5 V at 12 mu A typically yields about 440 mC and delivers about 1 J. Using the combined mass of the cathode, electrolyte, and the anode (3* over capacity), the specific energy of the cell is 1.4*10/sup 6/ J/kg and the energy density is 2.1*10/sup 6/ J/L. >
Greedy algorithms for sequential sensing decisions

In many real-world situations we are charged with detecting change as soon as possible. Important examples include detecting medical conditions, detecting security breaches, and updating caches of distributed databases. In those situations, sensing can be expensive, but it is also important to detect change in a timely manner. In this paper we present tractable greedy algorithms and prove that they solve this decision problem either optimally or approximate the optimal solution in many cases. Our problem model is a POMDP that includes a cost for sensing, a cost for delayed detection, a reward for successful detection, and no-cost partial observations. Making optimal decisions is difficult in general. We show that our tractable greedy approach finds optimal policies for sensing both a single variable and multiple correlated variables. Further, we provide approximations for the optimal solution to multiple hidden or observed variables per step. Our algorithms outperform previous algorithms in experiments over simulated data and live Wikipedia WWW pages.
Altruism is never self-sacrifice

Altruism by definition involves the self's evaluation of costs and benefits of an act of the self, which must include cost to the self and benefits to the other. Reinforcement value to the self of such acts is greater than the costs to the self. Without consideration of a self-system of evaluation, there is little meaning to altruistic acts.
Circadian Clock Feedback Cycle Through NAMPT-Mediated NAD+ Biosynthesis

The circadian clock is encoded by a transcription-translation feedback loop that synchronizes behavior and metabolism with the light-dark cycle. Here we report that both the rate-limiting enzyme in mammalian nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), and levels of NAD+ display circadian oscillations that are regulated by the core clock machinery in mice. Inhibition of NAMPT promotes oscillation of the clock gene Per2 by releasing CLOCK:BMAL1 from suppression by SIRT1. In turn, the circadian transcription factor CLOCK binds to and up-regulates Nampt, thus completing a feedback loop involving NAMPT/NAD+ and SIRT1/CLOCK:BMAL1.
An Object-Oriented Time Warp Simulation Kernel

The design of a Time Warp simulation kernel is made difficult by the inherent complexity of the paradigm. Hence it becomes critical that the design of such complex simulation kernels follow established design principles such as object-oriented design so that the implementation is simple to modify and extend. In this paper, we present a compendium of our efforts in the design and development of an object-oriented Time Warp simulation kernel, called warped. warped is a publically available Time Warp simulation kernel for experimentation and application development. The kernel defines a standard interface to the application developer and is designed to provide a highly configurable environment for the integration of Time Warp optimizations. It is written in C++, uses the MPI message passing standard for communication, and executes on a variety of platforms including a network of SUN workstations, a SUN SMP workstation, the IBM SP1/SP2 multiprocessors, the Cray T3E, the Intel Paragon, and IBM-compatible PCs running Linux.
Are phonological representations of printed and spoken language isomorphic? Evidence from the restrictions on unattested onsets.

Are the phonological representations of printed and spoken words isomorphic? This question is addressed by investigating the restrictions on onsets. Cross-linguistic research suggests that onsets of rising sonority are preferred to sonority plateaus, which, in turn, are preferred to sonority falls (e.g.,bnifbdiflbif). Of interest is whether these grammatical preferences constrain the recognition of auditory and printed words by speakers of English—a language in which such onsets are unattested. Five experiments compare phonological lexical decision responses to nonwords, including unattested onsets, through either aural or visual presentation. Results suggest that both hearers and readers are sensitive to the phonotactics of unattested onsets. However, the phonotactic generalizations of hearers and readers differ on their scope and source. Hearers differentiated allthreetypesofonsets(e.g.,bnif,bdif,andlbif),andtheirbehaviorimplicatedbothgrammaticalandstatistical constraints. In contrast, readers were able to differentiate only those structures similar to attested English onsets from dissimilar structures (i.e.,bnifvs.bdiforlbif), and their preferences reflected statistical knowledge alone. These findings suggest that the phonological representations informing lexical decision to spoken and printed words are not isomorphic.
Large sample identification and spectral estimation of noisy multivariate autoregressive processes

When large samples are available, identification and spectral estimation problems of a noisy multivariate autoregressive process are solved independently of the probability law governing the observed data. The procedure of solving the problems is divided into 1) estimate parameters by solving pertinent block Toeplitz and Hankel matrices as well as compute the modified Akaike information criterion for an assumed order 2) select the order and the parameter estimators corresponding to the ones which minimize the criterion function 3) compute the asymptotic distribution functions of the parameter estimators, 4) estimate power spectral density functions and coherency spectra, 5) compute the estimate confidence bounds. These five steps are numerically very efficient because the matrix equations related to block Hankel and Toeplitz matrices are well studied in the literature. The procedure is also robust because it is independent of the probability law governing the observed data.
Herbicide management of invasive cattail (Typha × glauca) increases porewater nutrient concentrations

Invasive wetland plants are the primary targets of wetland management to promote native communities and wildlife habitat, but little is known about how commonly implemented restoration techniques influence nutrient cycling. We tested how experimental mowing, herbicide application, and biomass harvest (i.e., removal of aboveground biomass) treatments of Typha-invaded mesocosms altered porewater nutrient (NO3 −, NH4 +, PO 4 −3 ) concentration and supply rate, vegetation response, and light penetration to the soil surface. We found that while herbicide application eliminated the target species, it also reduced native plant density and biomass, as well as increased porewater nutrient concentration (PO 4 −3 , NO3 −) and supply rates (N, P, K) up to a year after treatments were implemented. Because herbicide application promotes nutrient enrichment, it may increase the likelihood of reinvasion by problematic wetland invaders, as well as cause eutrophication and deleterious algal blooms in adjacent aquatic systems. Our data suggest that biomass harvest should be considered by managers aiming to reduce Typha abundance without eradicating native diversity, avoid nutrient leaching, as well as possibly utilizing biomass for bioenergy.
Neurocognitive Performance and Prior Injury Among U.S. Department of Defense Military Personnel

ABSTRACTThis study examined the neurocognitive performance of U.S. military personnel completing the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (version 4) TBI Military (ANAM4 TBI-MIL) battery as part of the Department of Defense Neurocognitive Functional Assessment Program. Descriptive analyses utilizing the ANAM4TBI Military Performance Database were performed. We examined ANAM Composite Score (ACS) differences between five injury subgroups (no injury, brain injury with current symptoms, brain injury without current symptoms, nonbrain injury with current symptoms, and nonbrain injury without current symptoms) using general linear mixed modeling. Almost 11% (70,472/641,285) reported brain injury in the 4 years before assessment. The ACS differed significantly by injury group (p < 0.0001). In comparison to the no injury group, those reporting brain injury with current symptoms (d = −0.44) and nonbrain injury with current symptoms (d = −0.24) demonstrated significantly reduced ACS scores (p < 0.0001) ...
The Influence of Concrete and Abstract Affect on Inter-Temporal Consumer Judgments

Extant theories of inter-temporal valuation of affect postulate different effects: while some theories predict that affect typically influences short-term, immediate decisions, other theories demonstrate that affect has influence on long-term decisions as well. In this article, we report the results of three experiments in which we demonstrate that affect can influence short-term and longterm decisions as a function of the nature of the associations evoked by the affect. We propose two different types of affect: Concrete affect that is posited to be more influential on short-term decisions, and abstract affect that is posited to be more influential on long-term decisions. We demonstrate that it is the specificity of the affective experience that distinguishes concrete affect from abstract affect. Concrete affect is more hot, visceral and certain, and evokes more immediate behavioral responses. On the other hand, abstract affect is warm, pallid and less certain, and has a greater influence on long term decisions. By using alternate manipulations of concrete and abstract affect - color and message content (experiment 1), discrete emotions (experiment 2), goals and message content(experiment 3) - we are able to enhance the construct validity of the phenomena we examine. We conclude with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of our results.
Recovering from statelessness: Resettled Bhutanese-Nepali and Karen refugees reflect on the lack of legal nationality

ABSTRACTThe very notion of international human rights relies on state governments to serve as the legal “duty bearers” for protecting rights, yet governments are often responsible for creating the conditions that necessitate mass displacement. For some refugees, the lack of legal nationality creates an added dimension of vulnerability that exacerbates suffering. In order to illustrate the human rights challenges inherent to statelessness, this article focuses on the lived experiences of 30 formerly stateless refugees who have been resettled to the United States. Qualitative research interviews with 15 Bhutanese-Nepalis and 15 members of the Karen ethnic minority (from Burma and Thailand), all currently resettled in the United States, provide insights into the everyday realities of stateless individuals. In both cases, statelessness represented a human rights violation in itself as well as a contributing factor for further abuses related to recognition and membership, denied education, and serious impedime...
Debating the Power and Scope of Adaptation

How often should we invoke adaptation to explain the features of the biological world? Ideally, just as often as a history of natural selection explains the form and function of those features. This is partly an empirical question about evolutionary history. But it is also partly a question about the methods we should use to investigate evolutionary history. And the answers to the question have consequences for our views about our place in the biological world. Controversy over these issues is at least as old as Darwin. In contemporary evolutionary biology this controversy continues as the debate over adaptationism, raising a number of deep issues about the science of evolutionary biology and our philosophical understanding of the science. This makes adaptationism particularly relevant to science education, for the controversy provides traction on large scale questions about the nature of evidence and explanation, the plurality of scientific methods, and how science should guide our views about our biological nature. In this chapter I will investigate some of the issues about evidence and methodology brought out by the controversy, and I will argue that the debate over adaptationism provides an excellent and informative example of science in action. This is more than a mere philosophical controversy, for it interacts with the practice of biology in fascinating and complex ways.
Teachers’ Perceptions of Individualized Education Program (IEP) Goals and Related Services

The rationale for developing an Individualized Education Program (IEP) is to identify appropriate goals to ensure that children who have disabilities are successful at school. This study focused on investigating teachers’ views of the most important IEP goals for their young deaf students, as well as to ask them which services students were receiving. Our purpose was to identify the most prevalent IEP goals guiding early childhood education (ECE) programs and to determine whether services provided were appropriate for addressing the students’ most critical needs. The participants included 118 young deaf children, ages 3–5, participating in the VL2 Early Educational Longitudinal Study (EELS). Results found that the IEP goals focused on three main areas: 1) improving school readiness; 2) improving communication (both sign communication and speech communication); and 3) improving pre-academic performance in targeted areas. Additionally, associations between specific IEP goals listed and related services were explored in relation to educational setting and school language philosophy. Recommendations for educational practice and further studies are provided.
Minimal energy requirement for external cardioversion and catheter ablation for long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation

Abstract Background The minimal energy requirement ( E min ) for electrical cardioversion (ECV) reflects the atrial substrate in patients with long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation (L-PeAF), but the relationship between E min ECV and radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) has not yet been studied. We hypothesize that E min ECV before ablation ( E min ECVpre) predicts clinical outcome of RFCA, and that catheter ablation reduces E min ECVpost. Methods We included 172 patients with L-PeAF who underwent RFCA (79.7% males, 57.5 ± 10.0 years) due to AF recurrence after ECV with an anti-arrhythmic drug (AAD). ECV began with 70 J (patch electrode on anterior–posterior position) and was serially increased to 100, 150, 200, and 250 J until sinus rhythm was achieved, at an average 5.0 ± 5.6 months before RFCA. After RFCA, ECV was repeated (ECVpost) in 42 patients with recurrent AF that was not controlled by AAD. Results (1) During 34.8 ± 20.0 months of follow-up after RFCA, 103 patients (59.9%) showed clinical recurrence of AF after RFCA. E min ECVpre was significantly higher in patients with recurrent AF (129.0 ± 58.6 J) than those who remained in sinus rhythm (94.2 ± 39.4 J, p E min ECVpre ≥150 J (HR = 3.31, 95% CI 2.18–5.03, p p = 0.021) were significantly associated with post-RFCA recurrence. (3) Shorter post-RFCA recurrence timing was also independently related to E min ECVpre ( β = −0.147, 95% CI −0.20 to −0.09, p E min ECVpost (100.9 ± 50.8 J) was significantly lower than E min ECVpre (130.0 ± 66.1 J, p = 0.006). Conclusions Higher E min ECVpre was independently associated with clinical recurrence and earlier recurrence timing of AF after catheter ablation among patients with AAD-resistant L-PeAF. Catheter ablation for L-PeAF significantly reduces E min ECV.
Design, Fabrication, and Testing of a TiN/Ti/TiN Trilayer KID Array for 3 mm CMB Observations

Kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs) are a promising technology for astronomical observations over a wide range of wavelengths in the mm and sub-mm regime. Simple fabrication, in as little as one lithographic layer, and passive frequency-domain multiplexing, with readout of up to 1000 pixels on a single line with a single cold amplifier, make KIDs an attractive solution for high-pixel-count detector arrays. We are developing an array that optimizes KIDs for optical frequencies near 100GHz to expand their usefulness in mm-wave applications, with a particular focus on CMBB-mode measurement efforts in association with the QUBIC telescope. We have designed, fabricated, and tested a 20-pixel prototype array using a simple quasi lumped microstrip design and pulsed DC reactive magnetron-sputtered TiNTiTiN trilayer resonators, optimized for detecting 100GHz (3mm) signals. Here we present a discussion of design considerations for the array, as well as preliminary detector characterization measurements and results from a study of TiN trilayer properties.
Highly Nonlinear Inverse Compton Scattering

X-rays produced by highly nonlinear scattering of electrons by an ultra-intense electromagnetic field (I = 7×10^20 W cm^-2, a_0 ~ 15) are studied experimentally and compared with simulations.
Sex differences in the association of physical function and cognitive function with life satisfaction in older age: The Rancho Bernardo Study

Abstract Objectives This study examines the cross-sectional associations of cognitive and physical function with life satisfaction in middle-class, community-dwelling adults aged 60 and older. Study design Participants were 632 women and 410 men who had cognitive function tests (CFT) and physical function tasks (PFT) assessed at a clinic visit between 1988 and 1992, and who responded in 1992 to a mailed survey that included life satisfaction measures. Cognitive impairment was defined as ≤24 on MMSE, ≥132 on Trails B, ≤12 on Category Fluency, ≤13 on Buschke long-term recall, and ≤7 on Heaton immediate recall. Physical impairment was defined as participants’ self-reported difficulty (yes/no) in performing 10 physical functions. Multiple linear regression examined associations between life satisfaction and impairment on ≥1 CFT or difficulty with ≥1 PFT. Main outcome measures The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; range:0–26) and Life Satisfaction Index-Z (LSI-Z; range:5–35). Results Participants’ average age was 73.4 years (range = 60–94). Categorically defined cognitive impairment was present in 40% of men and 47% of women. Additionally, 30% of men and 43% of women reported difficulty performing any PFT. Adjusting for age and impairment on ≥1 CFT, difficulty performing ≥1 PFT was associated with lower LSI-Z and SWLS scores in men (β = −1.73, −1.26, respectively, p Conclusions Limited cognitive function was more common than limited physical function; however, limited physical function was more predictive of lower life satisfaction. Interventions to increase or maintain mobility among older adults may improve overall life satisfaction.
Speciation and Preservation of CrVI and CrIII in Finished Drinking Water Matrixes Using Collision Cell Ion Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry

The polyatomic background at the major isotope of Cr was evaluated as a function of collision cell gas flow rate using three different mobile phases. The stability of Cr VIwas evaluated as a function of solution pH by fortifying samples with enriched 53Cr VI. The 53Cr VI recovery was > or =95% at pH 7.8, but by pH 6.2 a significant amount of the enriched spike was recovered as 53Cr III-EDTA. The instability of Cr III at pHs above 7.8 required that Cr III be chelated prior to speciation. The concentration of EDTA was optimized by evaluating Cr III recoveries in six finished drinking waters, a U.S. Geological Survey reference water, and a challenge water fortified with competing matrix cations. If the Cr III was allowed to precipitate (characteristic of shipping a sample without field preservation), acceptable recoveries of Cr III required the sample to be heated to 70 degrees C in 10 mM EDTA to quantitatively produce the Cr III-EDTA complex. The overall preservation/speciation approach was evaluated using an enriched 53Cr VI and natural Cr III in seven drinking water matrixes over a 46 day period. A linear least squares analysis was performed on each water, and the corresponding P-values were estimated. The method detection limits for Cr III-EDTA and Cr VI were 0.06 and 0.1 pglL, respectively.
Venous thromboembolism: how to prevent a tragedy.

Ideally, nurse-physician collaborative responsibility for risk assessment and prophylaxis should be routine. A wide array of preventive techniques—mechanical and pharmacologic—Eire available; specific strategies are outlined.
Bimanual Coordination and the Beginnings of Speech

The purpose of this paper is to propose a particular evolutionary perspective on the relationship between manual organization and speech, and to consider the development of manual function and speech from that perspective.
Chapter III – GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS IN PATTERN RECOGNITION

This chapter discusses the general considerations in pattern recognition. Pattern-recognition problems vary along three dimensions: the manner in which the organizing set is presented to the observer, the type of pattern classification rule which the recognizer is to produce, and the way in which the objects to be classified can be described. A pattern-recognition procedure is an algorithm that abstracts a pattern classification rule from the organizing set. Obviously, the type of classification rule desired will determine the structure of the recognition procedure. There are two general types of classification techniques, parallel and sequential classification. Assume for simplicity that one may write an object's description as a vector of characters. A parallel procedure applies a number of tests to all elements in the vector, and then makes predictions of an object's class membership on the basis of the joint outcome of these tests. A sequential classification procedure first tests some subset of the elements of the description vector and, then, depending upon the outcome of the tests, either makes a classification or selects a new set of tests and a new subset of description elements, to repeat the process.
Yellow emission (573.5 nm) Ga/sub 0.65/In/sub 0.35/P lasers grown on GaAs/sub 0.6/P/sub 0.4/ substrates by gas source molecular beam epitaxy

The first current injection lasing action in AlGaInP/Ga0.65In0.35P heterostructures grown on commercially available GaAs0.6P0.4 substrates is reported. At 77 K, laser diodes exhibited threshold current densities of 900 A/cm2 with yellow stimulated emission near 5735 A. This is the shortest current injection lasing wavelength ever achieved in a III-V compound semiconductor.
Change-Related Communication and Employees' Responses During the Anticipation Stage of IT-Enabled Organizational Transformation: A Case Study

This study focuses on a medium-sized, nonprofit healthcare service management organization which was undergoing a major transformation enabled by information technology. We examined how uncertainty during the anticipation stage affected the staff's emotional responses to the new technology. We categorized employees' understandings of the new technology into four domains: (1) why the technology was adopted, (2) what the functionality of the technology would be, (3) how the technology might affect their work life, and (4) when such an effect would materialize. Due to uncertainty during the anticipation stage, participants were not able to fully appraise the situation. Based on their hypothetical expectations, participants experienced both hope and fear (i.e., suspense). In order to manage the psychological discomfort created by this emotional ambivalence, participants actively sought social interaction with colleagues in order to gain information about the new technology, to build camaraderie, or both. The former directly decreased the level of perceived uncertainty by closing information gaps, and the latter reduced anxiety by creating a sense of community. Our study illustrates how seeking social support during the pre-implementation time frame has the capacity to help employees prepare themselves, both cognitively and emotionally, for adopting a new technology before they have any tangible interaction with it.
Dennis Schulting: Kant’s Radical Subjectivism: Perspectives on the Transcendental Deduction. Londres, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, 460 pp. ISBN 978-3-319-43877-1.

Review of Dennis Schulting: Kant’s Radical Subjectivism: Perspectives on the Transcendental Deduction. Londres, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, 460 pp. ISBN 978-3-319-43877-1.
The Use of Case Records in Research

It can be stated that case records probably will be more useful for research if the research objectives are conceived within the same frame of reference as that used by the worker in writing the re...
A Simple Epidemic Model with Permanent Removal

The basic problem discussed in these lectures is to describe the spread of an infection within a population. As a canonical example one thinks of a small group of individuals who have a communicable infection being inserted into a large population of individuals capable of “catching” the disease. Then an attempt is made to describe the spread of the infection in the larger group To do this, certain assumptions are required to describe the characteristics of the disease and the mixing of the population. From these assumptions a mathematical model is formulated. The model is analyzed, and the results of the analysis (hopefully) interpreted in epidemiological terms and thereby insight is gained into the nature of the phenomenon.