cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Altered Intracellular Transport of Exogenous DNA by Murine Mammary Tumor Cell Lines

The uptake of exogenous DNA by a series of murine mammary tumor cell lines was compared with DNA uptake by normal cells and other types of transformed cells. The mammary tumor cell lines all exhibited a decreased efficiency in the transport of DNase-resistant exogenous DNA into the nuclear fraction. None of the DNA facilitators tested were able to surmount this transport defect. Normal mouse mammary gland cells, mouse embryo cells, and normal kidney cells from various species efficiently transported exogenous DNA into the nucleus. Similarly, the transport defect was not exhibited by a series of transformed cell lines, including those of mouse origin and those transformed by C-type oncornaviruses. The only exception was a murine leukemia virus-producing mouse line that displayed decreased nuclear uptake of the DNA. The nature of the exogenous DNA was apparently not a factor, since identical results were obtained with simian virus 40 and mammalian cell DNA's. The inducing agents of the mammary tumor cells also did not appear to be a factor, since cell lines derived from tumors induced spontaneously or by viral, hormonal, or chemical carcinogens all behaved similarly.
Body Size Relationship between Sphecius speciosus (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) and Their Prey: Prey Size Determines Wasp Size

Abstract Eastern cicada killers, Sphecius speciosus Drury, are large, ground-nesting, mass-provisioning wasps that use cicadas to feed their offspring. Previous studies have reported that female S. speciosus provide each male offspring with 1 or rarely 2 cicadas, and each female offspring with 2 or rarely 3 cicadas, regardless of cicada size. We collected samples of male and female cicada killers and samples of their cicada prey from 12 locations in 10 different states of the USA. We measured right forewing length of the wasps and dry body mass of the cicadas as indicators of size; ANOVA revealed significant differences in mean masses among local populations of cicadas. We predicted that wasp size would also vary among locations, and would be positively correlated with mean size of local cicada prey. ANOVA did reveal significant differences in mean wing length in both male and female wasps among study sites. Regression analysis, with local mean cicada mass as the independent variable and local mean wasp w...
The changing nature of women’s sexual health concerns through the midlife years

Abstract Objective: Information about the sexual health care needs for midlife women is limited. This study compares and contrasts the nature and prevalence of sexual concerns for women as they progress through life and into menopause and the interest and experience these women have in discussing sexual concerns with their physicians. Methods: Questionnaires were mailed to 2073 eligible women at military medical clinics in the early 1990s. Main outcome measures are self-reported sexual concerns and interest and experience in discussing these concerns with their physicians. Results: Over 98% of women reported one or more sexual concerns. Type and intensity of sexual concerns changed as women aged. Most women had not had the topic of sexual health ever raised by their physicians. Conclusions: The sexual health concerns of women change as they age. Women desire to address their sexual health care needs with their physicians. Physicians should be aware of the common sexual concerns of women, and be comfortable in initiating discussion to address them.
Testing the Recognition and Perception of Errors in Context.

This study tests the recognition of errors in context and whether the presence of errors affects the reader’s perception of the writer’s ethos. In an experimental, posttest only design, participants were randomly assigned a memo to read in an online survey: one version with errors and one version without. Of the six intentional errors in version one, on average, readers only noticed two errors, which suggests that readers notice some but not all errors. The ethos ranking for the writer was also statistically significant between the two versions, suggesting that the presence of errors can affect the writer’s ethos.
On sputtered thin-films of chrome, nitrided chrome and nickel-chromium

Abstract Sputter deposited thin-film chromium, chromium-nitride and nickel-chromium have been evaluated for use in resistor fabrication. Some of the data obtained is qualitatively similar to that obtained in thin-film investigation, however, from a practical point of view the data contained herein is of a quantitative nature and might prove useful to those involved in thin-film resistor manufacture (results were obtained on a commercially available system). Relatively little data has been reported on reactively sputtered chromium in argon/nitrogen mixtures. The data presented here indicate that although not suitable for resistor fabrication, reactively sputtered chrome may be useful as thin-film thermistors.
Isolation of quercitrin and quercetin from lemon flavine.

A simple method for the isolation of pure quercitrin and quercetin from lemon flavine in high yield is described. Application of the method to several samples of lemon flavine has given uniformly satisfactory results.
MS/MS/MS reveals false positive identification of histone serine methylation

Methylation of lysine and arginine residues is known to play a key role in regulating histone structure and function. However, methylation of other amino acid residues in histones has not been previously described. Using exhaustive nano-HPLC/MS/MS and blind protein sequence database searches, we tentatively assigned methylation to serine 28 of histone H3 from calf thymus. The assignment was in agreement with our stringent manual verification rules, coelution in HPLC/MS/MS with its corresponding synthetic peptide, the dynamic nature of such methylation in distinct cell lines, and isotopic labeling. However, careful inspection of the MS/MS and MS/MS/MS spectra of a series of synthetic peptides confirmed that methylation actually occurs on K27 rather than on S28. The misassignment was caused by the fact that the (y(9) + 14) of the putative S28-methylated peptide and (b(9) + 18) ions of the K27 methylated peptide share the same m/z value (m/z 801). This MS/MS peak was used as the major evidence to assign methylation to S28 (consecutive y(8) and (y(9) + 14) ions). MS/MS/MS analysis revealed the false positive nature of serine methylation: the ambiguous ion at m/z 801 is indeed (b(9) + 18), an ion resulting from an in vitro reaction in the gas phase during collisionally activated dissociation (CAD). When lysine (K27) was acetylated, the degree of such in vitro reactions was greatly reduced, and such reactions were completely eliminated when the C-terminus was blocked by carboxylic group derivatization. Moreover, such side-chain assisted C-terminal rearrangement was found to be charge dependent. In aggregate, these results suggest that extra caution should be taken in interpretation of post-translational modification (PTM) data and that MS/MS as well as MS/MS/MS of synthetic peptides are needed for verifying the identity of peptides bearing a novel PTM.
The Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone: An Unusual Presentation for Childhood Craniopharyngioma: Report of Three Cases

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Childhood craniopharyngiomas may present with variable endocrine dysfunctions. However, hyponatremia secondary to the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone has never been reported. We describe three children with craniopharyngioma who presented with hyponatremia. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Three children had hyponatremia at presentation, two of whom had experienced generalized seizures. Urine sodium levels measured in two patients were abnormally high. Neuroimaging tests, including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, showed a large partially calcified and partially cystic craniopharyngioma in the sellar/suprasellar location. INTERVENTION: Intake of fluids was restricted for each patient, with improvement of hyponatremia, and each patient subsequently underwent a successful tumor resection. Postoperatively, all patients developed panhypopituitarism, including diabetes insipidus, and needed multiple hormonal replacement therapy. CONCLUSION: Endocrine dysfunctions at diagnosis are commonly associated with childhood craniopharyngiomas, but the association of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone with craniopharyngioma has never been reported. Craniopharyngiomas should be included as a possibility in making the differential diagnosis of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in children.
Observation of large conductance oscillations in a superconducting single electron transistor coupled to a two-dimensional electron gas

Abstract We fabricated superconducting single-electron transistors (SETs) on a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure with a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) located 1000 A below the surface. The superconducting island is coupled to the leads by submicron tunnel junctions with a tunnel junction capacitance of 0.3 fF, and to the 2DEG by a gate capacitance of 1.5 fF. The tunnel resistances of the junctions are comparable to the quantum resistance and therefore the Coulomb blockade is suppressed by the strong Josephson coupling in these devices. In a device with a tunnel resistance of 9 kΩ , we observe large Coulomb blockade-like oscillations as a function of gate voltage with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 18e2/h. The dissipation of the SET is varied by changing the resistance of the 2DEG. Temperature and dissipation dependence of these large Coulomb blockade-like oscillations is explained by co-tunneling of the Cooper pairs across the SET.
Volume reabsorption, transepithelial potential differences, and ionic permeability properties in mammalian superficial proximal straight tubules.

This paper describes experiments designed to evaluate Na+ and Cl- transport in isolated proximal straight tubules from rabbit kidneys. When the perfusing solution was Krebs-Ringer buffer with 25 mM HCO3- (KRB) and the bath contained KRB plus 6% albumin, net volume reabsorption (Jv, nl min-1 mm-1 was -0.46 ± 0.03 (SEM); Ve, the spontaneous transepithelial potential difference, was -1.13 ± 0.05 mV, lumen negative. Both Jv, and Ve, were reduced to zero at 21°C or with 10-4 M ouabain, but Jv, was not HCO3- dependent. Net Na+ reabsorption, measured as the difference between 22Na+ fluxes, lumen to bath and bath to lumen, accounted quantitatively for volume reabsorption, assuming the latter to be an isotonic process, and was in agreement with the difference between lumen to bath 22Na+ fluxes during volume reabsorption and at zero volume flow. The observed flux ratio for Na+ was 1.46, and that predicted for a passive process was 0.99; thus, Na+ reabsorption was rationalized in terms of an active transport process. The Cl- concentration of tubular fluid rose from 113.6 to 132.3 mM during volume reabsorption. Since Ve, rose to +0.82 mV when tubules were perfused with 138.6 mM Cl- solutions, Ve may become positive when tubular fluid Cl- concentrations rise during volume reabsorption. The permeability coefficients PNa and PCl computed from tracer fluxes were, respectively, 0.23 x 10-4 and 0.73 x 10-4 cm s-1. A PNa/PCl ratio of 0.3 described NaCl dilution potentials at zero volume flow. The magnitudes of the potentials were the same for a given NaCl gradient in either direction and PNa/PCl was constant in the range 32–139 mM NaCl. We infer that the route of passive ion permeation was through symmetrical extracellular interfaces, presumably tight junctions, characterized by neutral polar sites in which electroneutrality is maintained by mobile counterions.
Dissecting pollinator responses to a ubiquitous ultraviolet floral pattern in the wild

Summary Colour patterns on flowers can increase pollinator visitation and enhance foraging behaviour. Flowers uniform in colour to humans, however, can appear patterned to insects due to spatial variation in UV reflectance on petals. A UV ‘bullseye’ pattern that is common among angiosperms – UV-absorbing petal bases and UV-reflective apices – purportedly functions as a nectar guide, enhancing pollinator orientation and experimental evidence suggests that UV reflectance increases floral apparency to pollinators. We test the pollinator-attracting and pollinator-orienting functions of floral UV pattern and UV reflectance under natural conditions. Specifically, we address whether UV reflection alone, or UV pattern influences small bee and syrphid fly attraction rates (approaching, landing and foraging visits), foraging rates, and likelihood of foraging and orienting to the centre of flowers, using Argentina anserina, a species whose flowers exhibit variability in the size of the UV bullseye. We manipulated UV properties while maintaining uniformly yellow petals to create three phenotypes – uniformly UV-absorptive, uniformly UV-reflective, and inversed bullseye (reflective bases and absorptive apices) and compared insect visitation and behaviour to control flowers with the common UV bullseye phenotype. The presence of UV pattern increased attraction rates by both bees and syrphid flies relative to either fully UV reflective or absorptive flowers. However, only in the inverse array did the bullseye phenotype elicit higher foraging rates than the test flower. Neither the presence of pattern, nor the reversal of the common pattern influenced the likelihood of pollinator foraging or orientating to the flowers' centre during a visit. We provide some of the first evidence to suggest that flowers with spatial variation in UV reflectance may be more conspicuous to insects than those with petals that uniformly absorb or reflect UV, all of which are naturally occurring phenotypes. Further, we verify that the most common UV pattern in nature increases insect attraction and foraging rate relative to the inverse pattern. Results confirm a distance apparency function of the UV bullseye, but we argue for reconsideration of the notion that pollinators benefit from this ubiquitous floral motif through enhanced foraging efficiency.
Corazón de Aztlan: Culturally Competent Substance Abuse Prevention

Family interactional theory, primary socialization theory, the social developmental model, and differential acculturation theory inform a conceptual framework explaining Latina/o adolescent substance use. Structural equation modeling is used to empirically test structural relationships constituting risk and protective factors, as well as the influence of participation in Corazon de Aztlan (“Heart of My People”), a culturally competent substance use prevention program developed for Latina/o adolescents. Youth reporting higher conflict with family reported higher peer conflict, which was positively associated with greater youth substance use. Greater family substance use was associated with greater peer substance use, which was associated with greater youth substance use. Youth reported less substance use after participating in Corazon de Aztlan.
An Evaluation of a Possible Phylogenetic Relationship Between the Euglenophyta and Kinetoplastida

Without close phylogenetic ties to any of the other algae, the Euglenophyta are a taxonomic enigma. The argument is made here that the euglenophytes have extensive morphological homology with the zooflagellate trypanosomatids, bodonids, and Isonema. A phylogenetic sequence is postulated linking these groups; the available data suggest that the euglenophytes had their origin in these zooflagellates and that the introduction of the chloroplast and a phototrophic mode of nutrition was a relatively late step in this evolutionary process.
Four-body calculation of the 0(+)-1(+) binding energy difference in the A=4 Lambda hypernuclei.

The coupled, two-variable integral equations that determine the $_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}^{4}\mathrm{He}$ and $_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}^{4}\mathrm{H}$ ground and first excited states, when the NN and \ensuremath{\Lambda}N-\ensuremath{\Sigma}N interactions are represented by separable potentials, are solved numerically. We find the spin-isospin suppression of the \ensuremath{\Lambda}-\ensuremath{\Sigma} conversion due to the composite nature of the $^{3}\mathrm{He}$, $^{3}\mathrm{H}$ nuclear cores to be a significant factor in understanding the ${0}^{+\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$${1}^{+}$ binding energy difference.
Refractory inclusions in the prototypical CM chondrite, Mighei

Abstract Refractory inclusions in the Mighei CM2 meteorite are very abundant, 35 being found in three thin sections of the meteorite. The most common are pyroxene-rimmed spinel-rich inclusions that occur in a range of structural and textural types. Some inclusions are simple aggregates of crystals or rimmed crystals, ranging from loose clusters of spinel grains to distended chains of pyroxene-rimmed spinel knots. Others are more compact and may have experienced recrystallization or melting; these include “nodular” spinel inclusions with polygonal-granular-textured spinel interiors and pyroxene rims, ribbons of spinel (in some cases with hibonite and/or perovskite) that are again rimmed by pyroxene, and refractory spherules. Four inclusions are complex aggregates of several texturally distinct objects each. Collectively, Mighei inclusions are similar to those in Murchison but appear to be somewhat more altered. Volatility fractionated and unfractionated trace element patterns similar to those found in refractory inclusions in other carbonaceous chondrites are represented in Mighei inclusions and, in addition, some Mighei inclusions have volatility fractionated pattern types not previously found in refractory inclusions. In three of the complex aggregates, fundamentally different trace element patterns are present within different portions of each inclusion, meaning that these objects accreted from genetically different components that never equilibrated with one another subsequent to accretion. Bulk inclusion magnesium isotopic compositions show minor mass fractionation effects: FMg values range from −2.3 to + 7.5%., but the average FMg value is indistinguishable from normal, 1.8 ± 1.2%.. There are no correlations between magnesium isotopic composition and textural type or trace element pattern type. The diverse inclusion types in Mighei represent a variety of origins and histories. Textures suggest that the nodular and banded inclusions may have experienced solid-state recrystallization, whereas the porous and chain-like varieties and complex aggregates have not. Magnesium isotopic compositions and trace element abundances suggest that the Mighei inclusions are unlikely to be evaporation residues and are more likely to be the products of condensation or recondensation processes.
Theoretical investigation of the π-bonding ability of P-, S-, and N-containing ligands in group 6 transition metal complexes

Abstract The π-bonding ability of several ligands bonding through N, P, and S to group 6 transition metals was studied via non-empirical molecular orbital calculations. The ability of the ligands to donate or accept π electrons to or from the metal was compared in 1,2-Mo2[P(t-Bu)2]2[NMe2]4 [I] and 1,2-W2[P(t-Bu)2]2[NMe2]4 [II]; (PSO)Cr(CO)4 [III] and (PSO)W(CO)4 [IV] (PSO = 2-diphenyl phosphino methyl-2-phenylthiomethyl-1-methoxy propane); and [W(2-Spy)(CO)4]− [V] and [Mo(2-Spy)(CO)4]− [VI] (2-Spy = 2-thiol pyridine). Mulliken population analyses were used to study how two different atoms compete for π-bonding with the metal. Both NMe2 and PMe2 are π donors to the metal in complexes [I] and [II]. Overall, the phosphido ligand is a better π donor than the amido ligand. The PSO ligand in complexes [III] and [IV] is a good π acceptor and phosphorus is a better π acceptor than sulfur in both complexes. The 2-Spy ligand in the two anionic complexes, [V] and [VI], is a good π acceptor. π back-donation from the metal d orbitals to the ligand is mostly through the nitrogen of the pyridine ring rather than the sulfur external to the pyridine ring. The electron density withdrawn from the metal through the nitrogen is delocalized throughout the π-conjugated ring. The π-accepting ability of the 2-Spy ligand in the two complexes is about the same. The observed differences in the π-bonding ability of the ligands are explained in terms of the accessibility of the ligand molecular ori two linking atoms in the same bidentate ligand is also made in terms of the type and energy of ligand orbitals (compound [III] vs [IV] and [V] vs [VI]). A direct comparison is made between electron density distribution and crystallographic bond lengths.
Capturing the cross-national learning effect: An analysis of an industrial technology diffusion

Recent studies on cross-national diffusion have observed that when a new product innovation is introduced early in one country (the lead country) and with a time lag in subsequent countries (the lag countries), the consumers in the lag countries learn about the product from the lead country adopters, resulting in a faster diffusion rate in the lag countries. This study attempts to examine the relationship between lead and lag countries and to systematically capture thelearning effect that takes place between the two social systems. In particular, this research examines the diffusion of retail point-of-sale scanners in countries that belong to the European Union, the United States, and Japan. It offers interesting insights for formulating efficient international marketing strategies.
Exploiting Algebraic and Structural Complexity for Single Snapshot Computed Tomography Hyperspectral Imaging Systems

This paper presents strategies for spectral de- noising of hyperspectral images and 3-D data cube reconstruction from a limited number of tomographic measurements, arising in single snapshot imaging systems. For de-noising the main idea is to exploit the incoherency between the algebraic complexity measure, namely the low rank of the noise-free hyperspectral data cube, and the sparsity structure of the spectral noise. In particular, the non-noisy spectral data, when stacked across the spectral dimension, exhibits low-rank due to a small number of species. On the other hand, under the same representation, the spectral noise exhibits a banded structure. Motivated by this we show that the de-noised spectral data and the unknown spectral noise and the respective bands can be simultaneously estimated through the use of a low-rank and simultaneous sparse minimization operation without prior knowledge of the noisy bands. This result is novel for hyperspectral imaging applications and we compare our results with several existing methods for noisy band recovery. For recovery under limited tomographic projections we exploit both the low algebraic and structural complexity of the data cube via joint rank penalization plus Total Variation/wavelet domain sparsity, which is novel for single snapshot hyperspectral imaging systems. We combine these two approaches for simultaneous spectral de-noising and data cube recovery under limited measurements. We perform extensive simulations and our main result indicates that exploiting both low algebraic and structural complexity has a superior performance compared to exploiting only the structural complexity. To address the computational challenges associated with the resulting optimization problem we adapt several recent developments in the area of convex optimization, specifically employing splitting and proximal point based methods.
Research progress on the development of miniature high-power radar sources

Recent advances in the development of miniature high power radar sources are presented. The miniature radar sources convert mechanical energy into electrical energy by compressing either piezoelectric materials or magnetic flux. The results of experiments performed to reach 100 kW of converted power are presented and discussed. Estimates are also given indicating the maximum power that can be generated with such devices.
Next-Generation Fire Suppression Technology Program

The Next-Generation Fire Suppression Program (NGP), now on its second year, has as its goal the development by 2004 of alternative firefighting technologies to Halon 1301 that can be economically implemented in aircraft, ships, land combat vehicles, and critical mission support facilities. This paper describes the first projects and their early results.
Almost-sure exponential behavior of a stochastic anderson model with continuous space parameter

We study the almost-sure large time exponential growth of the solution to a linear stochastic parabolic equation with continuous space parameter, and a Gaussian-correlated potential that is white noise in time and homogeneous in space. We use the evolution form of that equation,for which existence and uniqueness are known. We establish a Feynman-Kac formula for the solution. By using a method of discretization of time and space, we prove that for small diffusion parameter κ, there is a deterministic constant c such that almost surely
Phase behavior of reservoir fluids IV: Molecular weight distributions for thermodynamic modeling

Abstract Phase behavior predictions for reservoir fluids containing bitumen (heavy oil) and supercritical components (e.g. CO2) are sensitive to bitumen characterization. Huang and Radosz (1991) recently explored and documented one element of characterization related to molecular lumping. Another important element of characterization is related to molecular weight distributions and their effects on phase equilibrium predictions. This paper documents evaluation of bitumen molecular weight distributions on the basis of continuous and discrete versions of Perturbed Hard Chain theory. Distributions derived from Gas Chromatography Simulated Distillation (GCD) and from Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) are found internally consistent but systematically different. The GPC distributions are wider than the corresponding GCD distributions by a factor of three. Discrete GCD models, but not continuous models based on GCD or GPC, are found to predict simultaneously the bitumen solubilities in CO2 and the molecular weight distribution of the CO2 extract.
Dynamics of non‐linear wave equations

We present several stability/instability results for the ground-state standing waves and high-energy-bound-state standing waves for the NLKG, NLS and NLDW equations. At the end of the paper we present a number of open problems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ammonothermal growth of bulk GaN

Abstract Bulk GaN crystals have been realized by the basic ammonothermal method. Three-dimensional polyhedron-shaped crystals in size of approximately 5 mm and their sliced wafers demonstrated the feasibility of the basic ammonothermal method to produce GaN wafers. Clear crystallographic facets of N face and m planes were observed although Ga face was decorated with angled facets of {1 0 1¯ 1} planes. The growth rate and growth nature showed distinct anisotropy. The transmission electron microscopy revealed high quality of microstructure, whereas selective etching and X-ray diffraction revealed multiple grains, which were presumably caused by insufficient structural quality of seed crystals.
A participatory sensing approach to characterize ride quality

Rough roads increase vehicle operation and road maintenance costs. Consequently, transportation agencies spend a significant portion of their budgets on ride-quality characterization to forecast maintenance needs. The ubiquity of smartphones and social media, and the emergence of a connected vehicle environment present lucrative opportunities for cost-reduction and continuous, network-wide, ride-quality characterization. However, there is a lack of models to transform inertial and position information from voluminous data flows into indices that transportation agencies currently use. This work expands on theories of the Road Impact Factor introduced in previous research. The index characterizes road roughness by aggregating connected vehicle data and reporting roughness in direct proportion to the International Roughness Index. Their theoretical relationships are developed, and a case study is presented to compare the relative data quality from an inertial profiler and a regular passenger vehicle. Results demonstrate that the approach is a viable alternative to existing models that require substantially more resources and provide less network coverage. One significant benefit of the participatory sensing approach is that transportation agencies can monitor all network facilities continuously to locate distress symptoms, such as frost heaves, that appear and disappear between ride assessment cycles. Another benefit of the approach is continuous monitoring of all high-risk intersections such as rail grade crossings to better understand the relationship between ride-quality and traffic safety.
Three coordinate models for the binuclear CuA electron-transfer site

Truly three coordinate CuA synthetic models were developed by employing bulky N-heterocyclic carbene ligands along with simple C3 and C4 dithiolate linkers to emulate the role of histidine and cysteine ligands at trigonal copper sites. The reduced [CuICuI] models [NHC]Cu–S(CH2)nS–Cu[NHC] (n = 3 (3), 4 (4)) were characterized by NMR and X-ray crystallography. The structure of the reduced model with the C3 linker closely mimics the low coordinate, trigonal environment at the reduced dinuclear CuA site while the C4 linker resulted in an “open” solid state structure with two coordinate Cu centers. Oxidized species 3++++ and 4+++ were observed by UV-vis and EPR spectroscopy upon the addition of [Cp2Fe]+ to 3 and 4, generating spectroscopic features similar to those of the dinuclear [Cu1.5Cu1.5]+ CuA resting state. Key spectroscopic features of 3++++ and 4+++ are low energy intervalence charge transfer bands centered near 1150 nm and EPR spectra indicating delocalization of the unpaired e− among two Cu centers. Electrochemistry of the oxidized [Cu2S2]+ models reveals reduction potentials (E1/2 = 0.11 V (3++++); 0.36 V (4+++) vs. NHE) similar to the CuA site in CcO (E1/2 = 0.22–0.30 V vs. NHE).
Molluscum Contagiosum of the Eyelids in Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Background: Infection with molluscum contagiosum has been reported in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Involvement of the eyelids by molluscum in patients with AIDS has rarely been mentioned. Methods: Two patients with AIDS presented with eyelid molluscum contagiosum. Detailed examination and follow-up was performed. Results: One patient had noted ocular irritation with epiphora for several weeks and showed a typical viral keratoconjunctivitis in both eyes. The other patient progressed to confluent masses involving the entire lower eyelid on one side. Removal of the lesions by surgery and cryotherapy was followed by recurrences in both patients within 6 to 7 weeks, the incubation period for this viral infection. Conclusion: Molluscum contagiosum can form confluent lesions on the eyelids in patients with AIDS, which may cause a keratoconjunctivitis. Local removal of molluscum eyelid nodules appears to be of limited long-term value in patients with T-cell immunodeficiency.
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of upper aerodigestive tract: clinicopathologic study of 78 cases with immunohistochemical analysis of dicer expression

MicroRNAs (miR) are small noncoding RNAs that are predicted to regulate up to 30% of protein-encoding genes. miR maturation requires functional microRNA machinery, including the Dicer protein. We review our experience with mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and characterize the prognostic value of Dicer expression. Expression of Dicer was assessed in 78 MEC by immunohistochemistry. Dicer expression was scored semiquantitatively and relative to the internal controls: large excretory/striated ducts or basal/parabasal layers of normal squamous epithelium (mucosa). Dicer scores were then correlated with clinical and pathologic parameters. Dicer over- and/or under-expression were more commonly seen in high-grade MEC (83%) than in low/intermediate grade MEC (35%; p = 0.002) and in stage III/IV MEC (80%) than in stage I/II MEC (41%; p = 0.04). Abnormal Dicer expression correlates with high-grade and advanced stage, acting as a univariate predictor of poor disease-specific survival (DSS) in MEC. Age and stage were independent predictors of poor DSS on multivariate analysis. Abnormal immunoexpression of Dicer in aggressive MEC suggests a role for miR and miR machinery in tumor progression.
TU-E-BRB-04: Adaptive Stereotactic-Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) Planning for Lung Cancer.

Purpose:Tumor shrinkage during lungSBRT has been reported. Adaptive SBRT planning can potentially escalate dose to the target and mitigate dose to surrounding tissues. In this study, we investigated dosimetric effects of adaptive lungSBRT planning using cone‐bean CT(CBCT)images.Methods: 48 patients who had SBRT treatments for lungcancer in our institution were included in this study. All patients underwent a 3D helical CT scan and 4DCT scan for treatment planning. Treatments were delivered on Linac machines equipped with kV‐OBI, CBCT, and MV EPID. CBCTimages of all patients were retrospectively analyzed to determine tumor size changes. 10 patients with the largest percentages of tumor shrinkage were selected for adaptive planning. Plans were created on CBCTimages of each fraction using the same planning parameters as the original CT‐based plans. ITV was contoured on CBCT. PTV was generated by adding 5 mm margin to ITV. Two accumulative dose plans, non‐adaptive (P‐NON) and adaptive (P‐ADP), were determined for each patient using deformable image registration via Velocity AI. Dosimetric comparisons between PNON and PADP were performed for all OARs using RTOG0915 metrics. Statistical significances were tested using paired t‐test with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Comformality ranged from 1.03 to 1.41, with small intra‐subject variations (ranged from 0.01 to 0.06). Compared to PNON, PADP reduced all dosimetric metrics and significantly in the following (p‐value range: 0.02–0.04): V20Gy of lungs; D0.35cc, D1.2cc and maximum dose of cord, D5cc and maximum dose of esophagus, D30cc of chest wall, and D15cc of heart. Coverage to original GTV is comparable in two plans. Conclusions: Adaptive SBRT planning for selected patients resulted in significant dose reduction for adjacent OARs. It has the potential to further escalate dose to the target and mitigate dose to surrounding tissues.
Mathematical fluency as a function of conservation ability in young children

Abstract This study was designed to investigate the cognitive level of development and mathematical fluency of first grade children. Piaget's conservation-of-liquid task was administered to 97 6- and 7-year-old children from two low-socioeconomic-level elementary schools. Using a counterbalanced design, conserving and non-conserving children completed separately timed lists of addition and subtraction problems. Two one-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) were conducted to evaluate the fixed-factor of conservation level (conserving and non-conserving) and the two dependent variables (addition and subtraction fluency); age was a covariate. After controlling for the effect of age, the results suggest that conserving children were significantly more fluent in completing addition and subtraction problems than non-conserving children. Overall, children in the same grade and of the same age were at different levels of cognitive development; these levels had an effect on both addition and subtraction fluencies.
Modeling of solute redistribution in the mushy zone during solidification of aluminum-copper alloys

A mathematical model has been established to predict the formation of macrosegregation for a unidirectional solidification of aluminum-copper alloys cooled from the bottom. The model, based on the continuum formulation, allows the calculation of transient distributions of temperature, velocity, and species in the solidifying alloy caused by thermosolutal convection and shrinkage-induced fluid flow. Positive segregation in the casting near the bottom (inverse segregation) is found, which is accompanied by a moving negative-segregated mushy zone. The effects of shrinkage-induced fluid flow and solute diffusion on the formation of macrosegregation are examined. It is found that the redistribution of solute in the solidifying alloy is caused by the flow of solute-rich liquid in the mushy zone due to solidification shrinkage. A higher heat-extraction rate at the bottom increases the solidification rate, decreasing the size of the mushy zone, reducing the flow of solute-rich liquid in the mushy zone and, as a result, lessening the severity of inverse segregation. Comparisons between the theoretical predictions from the present study and previous modeling results and available experimental data are made, and good agreements are obtained.
The structure of algebraic jordan algebras without nonzero nilpotent elements

An algebraic, linear Jordan algebra without nonzero nil-potent elements is proved to be a subdirect sum of prime Jordan algebras each of which has finite capacity or contains simple subalgebras of arbitrary capacity. If in addition the base field has nonzero character-istic or the algebra satisfies a polynomial identity, then each of the summands is determined to be simple of finite capacity. Further, it is proved that algebraic, PI Jordan algebras without nonzero nilpotent elements are locally finite in the sense that any finitely generated subalgebra has finite capacity.
A sensitive radioenzymatic assay for epinephrine forming enzymes

Abstract Epinephrine (E) is formed in the adrenal medulla by phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT), and in other tissues. Enzymes other than PNMT may be able to synthesize E, but this has been difficult to investigate because most assays do not have E as their final product. This assay produces 3H-E from norepinephrine (NE) and 3H-S-adenosylmethionine. The 3H-E is isolated on alumina, 3H-S-adenosylmethionine is precipitated and the 3H-E is suspended in diethylhexyl phosphoric acid in toluene for scintillation counting. The assay is sensitive and linear over a wide range. E was formed by most tissues tested. Brain and adrenal contained an enzyme specific for NE, but cardiac ventricle contained an enzyme that methylated both NE and dopamine. Denervated tissues in adrenal modullectomized rats contained very little NE, but still had E and E forming enzyme present. This assay detects a non-neuronal E forming enzyme with activity in vitro and in vivo .
The Role of the Surgical Femoropopliteal Bypass in Today's Practice

EPIDEMIOLOGY Among the population of patients presenting with peripheral arterial occlusive disease, the anatomic distribution of atherosclerotic lesions differs somewhat between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. Non-diabetic patients are more likely to develop a0110-iliac occlusive disease whereas infra inguinal disease, and especially infrapopliteal occlusive disease, is seen more commonly in the diabetiC population. However, among both groups, the femoral-popliteal anatomic segment is clearly the most frequent arterial bed in which arteriosclerotic lesions occur. It is estimated that atherosclerotic disease of the lower extremities affects at least 5% of individuals over the age of 60 and at least 10% of those over the age of 70. Severe limb threatening ischemia, most often secondary to femoral-popliteal-tibial occlusive disease affects at east 50,000 individuals each year in the United States. These epidemiologic observations are reflected in clinical practice since exclusive of carotid endarterectomy, infrainguinal bypass grafts (femoralpopliteal and femoral-tibial) are the most frequently performed operations in peripheral vascular surgery, with nearly 80,000 procedures performed annually in the United States. It is estimated that the percentage of individuals over the age of 65 will increase by more than 70% over the next four decades and those over the age of 85 by 600%. By the year 2030, it is predicted that roughly 7% of the United States population will be age 85 or older. It is therefore clear that femoral-popliteal revascularization represents a significant growth area in medical practice. Patients presenting with femoral-popliteal-tibial occlUSive disease tend to be somewhat older than those presenting with aorto-iliac occlusive disease. Tobacco use, hypertension, and as noted above, diabetes mellitus are risk factors for this pathologic process. There is also a strong association between femoral-popliteal occlusive disease and atherosclerotic disease in the carotid and coronary artery circulations, and in fact, cardiac morbidity is the most common cause of mortality among those who undergo surgical femoral-popliteal reconstructions.
Sanctuary or prison: queer youth and the family, household and home

Attention to queer youths' lives in their family homes often centers on their coming out experiences. These experiences are framed as negative, filled with anxiety and even trauma [Valentine, G., Skelton, T. & Butler, R. (2003). Coming out and outcomes: Negotiating lesbian and gay identities with, and in, the family. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 21, 479–499; Valentine, G. & Skelton, T. (2003). Finding oneself, losing oneself: The lesbian and gay ‘scene’ as a paradoxical space. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 27, 849–866]. This is not always the case as these experiences can be quite positive and even queer the rest of the family [Gorman-Murray, A. (2008). Queering the family home: narratives from gay, lesbian and bisexual youth coming out in supportive family homes in Australia. Gender, Place and Culture, 15, 31–44]. For many queer youths, however, coming out to family members can be characterized as neither positive nor negative. Instead, I argue that queer youth e...
The appeal of inappropriate technologies: self-inflicted wages ethnic pride and corruption.

Abstract A survey of manufacturing firms in Nigeria produced a set of useful clues to why firms in poor countries so often choose inappropriate production technologies. Some of their explanations do and some do not fit neatly in the neoclassical modelling of production by which economists have judged technological appropriateness. Much of what the firms described affect their real costs and do so in ways that escape economists' notice; technology is appropriate to the managers' view of costs. Often they were responding to more complicated goals than simple profit maximazation for the firm; defense of ethnic identity or the goal of increasing their own incomes by stealing from the firm.
Realization using the model existence theorem

Justification logics refine modal logics by replacing the usual necessity operator with a family of justification terms that embody reasons for the necessity of a formula, rather than simply recording the fact of necessity. Many common modal logics have justification counterparts. The connection between a modal logic and its justification counterpart is through a Realization Theorem, which says that modal operators can be replaced in a precise way with justification terms so that modal theorems turn into justification logic theorems. In this paper we present a new proof of Realization. We use the familiar machinery of consistency properties to prove a weak version, we call it Quasi-Realization. Then we show how to convert Quasi-Realizations into Realizations proper. Unlike most other treatments in the literature, the work here is not propositional, but firstorder. Only one modal/justification logic is discussed, but the methods easily extend to other standard systems.
The Effect of Temperature, Light, Freeze—Thaw Cycling, and Package Material On the Flavor Stability of Frozen Pizza

The effect of storage temperature, freeze-thaw cycling, exposure to display light, and packaging material and method on flavor stability of frozen pizzas was investigated. Pork sausage and pepperon...
ACID MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDE CONTENT OF DERMAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE OF NORMAL AND STRESSED RATS.

PREVIOUS investigations here and elsewhere have shown that glucocorticoid hormones as well as stress decrease the diffusibility of intradermally injected colloidal particles. Inhibition of diffusibility occurs when the colloidal material is injected both with and without hyaluronidase, ‘the spreading factor’1. Schiller and Dorfman2 reported that cortisone acetate depressed sulphate (Na2 35SO4) incorporation in chondroitin sulphate and carbon (acetatel-14C) incorporation in chrondroitin sulphate and hyaluronic acid of rat skin. On the other hand, Hayes and Baker3 reported enhanced spread of a haemoglobin–hyaluronidase solution in the skin of rats which had been injected daily for 37 days with ‘Lipo Adrenal Extract’. Clay and Nelson4 reported depressed spread of India ink as well as indian ink–hyaluronidase solutions in the skin of rats which had been stressed as long as 4 months with elevated environmental temperatures. The authors found that a single injection of cortisone acetate5 or a short period of forced swimming6 in heat-treated rats caused a marked increase in dermal diffusibility.
Acoustic wave propagation in oil shale: 2. Modelling

Abstract Experimental data on acoustic wave propagation through oil shale, summarized in a previous paper1, were used to develop a semi-empirical model. This model predicts the variation of pressure, effective compressional wave velocity, effective density and acoustic impedance with depth for a modified in-situ oil shale retort. Results from computer simulation of a variety of retort conditions establish the possibility of employing seismic propagation and reflection techniques for mapping of pyrolysis fronts in in-situ oil shale process beds. Such techniques are potentially free from uncertainties associated with proximate sensing of temperature profiles in these beds.
Time Use and Living Standards

Economists have a particular interest in the implications of time use for consumption and living standards. Descriptive studies can tell us a great deal about the level and distribution of leisure time, often considered a "good" in and of itself. But unpaid labor time is also an input into the production of goods and services that affect household consumption and living standards. In her classic Economics of Household Production, Margaret Reid (1934) called attention to the productive importance of time devoted to domestic work and family care.
OXYGEN-CARRYING PERFLUOROCHEMICAL EMULSIONS IMPROVE INSECT FAT BODY CULTURE PERFORMANCE

The effect of an oxygen-carrying perfluorochemical (perttuorotri-n-butylamine) (PFE) on the oxygenation of larval Manduca sexta fat body culture was tested. Two different parameters, protein synthesis and secretion and ATP levels, were measured to evaluate the effect of PFE. After incubation for 21 h the ATP levels in fat body incubated in the presence of PFE were similar to those found in vivo; and significantly higher than in fat body incubated without PFE. The rate of protein synthesis and secretion increased with the concentration of PFE in the medium, up to a concentration of 20%. During incubation for 15 h a 10-fold higher rate of protein synthesis and secretion into the culture medium was found in the presence of PFE, compared to incubations without PFE. The synthesis and secretion of two major proteins produced by the fat body, arylphorin and high density lipophorin, was confirmed by immunoprecipitation. The results show that PFE improves the performance of cultured fat body tissue.