cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Free-carrier and thermal grating effects in gallium phosphide

We report the first observation of the simultaneous creation and competition between a free-carrier light-induced diffraction grating and an accompanying thermal grating in gallium phosphide. The lifetimes of the two gratings are widely different and the nonlinear index n2 = 1 × 10−11 cm2/W for the free-carrier grating is almost an order of magnitude larger than the thermal effect of a 100-psec mode-locked pulse. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Experimental Vesicular Exanthema of Swine Virus and San Miguel Sea Lion Virus Infection in Phocid Seals

Studies with vesicular exanthema of swine virus type A48 and San Miguel sea lion virus type 2 indicated that phocid (harp) seals could be infected with these caliciviruses, but the resultant disease was inapparent or mild and self-limiting. As in swine, lesions were limited to sparsely haired or nonhaired regions of the skin and tongue. Unlike swine, however, antivirus titers in seals were low and transient.
Experimental Measurement of the Capacity for VoIP Traffic in IEEE 802.11 WLANs

We measured the capacity for VoIP traffic in an 802.11b test-bed and compared it with the theoretical capacity and our simulation results. We identified factors that have been commonly overlooked in past studies but affect experiments and simulations. We found that in many papers the capacity for VoIP traffic has been measured via simulations or experiments without considering those factors, showing different capacity in each paper. After these corrections, simulations and experiments yielded a capacity estimate of 15 calls for 64 kb/s CBR VoIP traffic with 20 ms packetization interval and 34 calls to 36 calls for VBR VoIP traffic with 0.39 activity ratio.
SWEEP: A Tool for Filtering High-Quality SNPs in Polyploid Crops

High-throughput next-generation sequence-based genotyping and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection opens the door for emerging genomics-based breeding strategies such as genome-wide association analysis and genomic selection. In polyploids, SNP detection is confounded by a highly similar homeologous sequence where a polymorphism between subgenomes must be differentiated from a SNP. We have developed and implemented a novel tool called SWEEP: Sliding Window Extraction of Explicit Polymorphisms. SWEEP uses subgenome polymorphism haplotypes as contrast to identify true SNPs between genotypes. The tool is a single command script that calls a series of modules based on user-defined options and takes sorted/indexed bam files or vcf files as input. Filtering options are highly flexible and include filtering based on sequence depth, alternate allele ratio, and SNP quality on top of the SWEEP filtering procedure. Using real and simulated data we show that SWEEP outperforms current SNP filtering methods for polyploids. SWEEP can be used for high-quality SNP discovery in polyploid crops.
Designing and developing a literature-derived, population-based dietary inflammatory index

Objective To design and develop a literature-derived, population-based dietary inflammatory index (DII) to compare diverse populations on the inflammatory potential of their diets. Design Peer-reviewed primary research articles published through December 2010 on the effect of diet on inflammation were screened for possible inclusion in the DII scoring algorithm. Qualifying articles were scored according to whether each dietary parameter increased (+1), decreased (−1) or had no (0) effect on six inflammatory biomarkers: IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and C-reactive protein. Setting The Dietary Inflammatory Index Development Study was conducted in the Cancer Prevention and Control Program of the University of South Carolina in Columbia, SC, USA from 2011 to 2012. Results A total of ≈6500 articles published through December 2010 on the effect of dietary parameters on the six inflammatory markers were screened for inclusion in the DII scoring algorithm. Eleven food consumption data sets from countries around the world were identified that allowed individuals’ intakes to be expressed relative to the range of intakes of the forty-five food parameters observed across these diverse populations. Qualifying articles (n 1943) were read and scored based on the forty-five pro- and anti-inflammatory food parameters identified in the search. When fit to this composite global database, the DII score of the maximally pro-inflammatory diet was +7·98, the maximally anti-inflammatory DII score was −8·87 and the median was +0·23. Conclusions The DII reflects both a robust literature base and standardization of individual intakes to global referent values. The success of this first-of-a-kind attempt at relating intakes of inflammation-modulating foods relative to global norms sets the stage for use of the DII in a wide variety of epidemiological and clinical studies.
An application of advanced SiGe to millimeter-wave phased arrays

This talk will discuss a millimeter-wave defense application of SiGe-based phased arrays. The unique advantage of this technology is its ability to deliver large wafers with high yield and low-cost, coupled with acceptable RF performance such as NF and output power for 94 GHz applications. Also, the entire control circuitry can be integrated on the same chip using the SiGe BiCMOS process. System-level considerations will be described as the basis for understanding the suitability of the technology.
Recovery after orthognathic surgery: short-term health-related quality of life outcomes.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the patient-reported time to recovery for quality of life outcomes: postsurgery sequelae, discomfort/pain, oral function, and daily activities after orthognathic surgery. Patients and Methods A total of 170 patients (age = 14-53) were enrolled in a prospective study before orthognathic surgery. Each patient was given a 20-item health-related quality of life instrument (OSPostop) to be completed each postsurgery day (PSD) for 90 days. The instrument was designed to assess patients' perception of recovery for 4 domains: postsurgery sequelae, discomfort/pain, oral function, and daily activities. Discomfort/pain was recorded with a 7-point Likert-type scale; all other items were measured on a 5-point Likert-type scale. Results Postsurgery sequelae, except swelling, resolved within the first week after surgery for over 75% of the subjects. Discomfort/pain and medication usage persisted for 2 to 3 weeks after surgery for most subjects. Return to usual activities, except for recreational activities, which took substantially longer, mirrored the resolution of discomfort/pain. Problems with oral function took the longest to resolve, approximately 6 to 8 weeks for the majority of subjects. Conclusion Comprehensive daily postoperative patient quality of life data provides the orthognathic surgeon with estimated recovery times in distinct domains. This information is vital in the provision of informed consent as well as preoperative education of patients regarding perioperative and postoperative expectations. Ultimately this data can be combined with individual risk factors to provide personalized consent and expectations as well as tailor perioperative and postoperative management regimens.
Two horses with thoracic lymphoma diagnosed using thoracoscopic biopsy

Summary This report describes the use of thoracoscopy in 2 horses to obtain an antemortem diagnosis of thoracic lymphoma. The first horse in this report presented for assessment of weight loss and fever of unknown origin. The second presented with a history of upper respiratory tract noise and coughing during exercise. Although a strong clinical suspicion of neoplasia existed, a definitive antemortem diagnosis of thoracic lymphoma was not made in either case until biopsy samples obtained during standing thoracoscopy were examined.
The changing privacy landscape in the era of big data

Mol Syst Biol. 8: 612 Thirty years ago, it was relatively easy to protect one's privacy and remain anonymous. Few computerized systems existed to store our personal information, the internet was so primitive that most were not even aware it existed, and only a few thousand individuals were privileged enough to own a handheld cellular phone. Fast forward to our current day and life—everything has changed. Rapid electronic transactions among individuals and between individuals and entire communities occur on an unprecedented scale, our life stream is continuously digitized and archived—GPS positioning information, cell phone calls, text messages, credit card purchases, e‐mails, online social network chatter and even our electronic medical records (Figure 1). In fact, today the marketing department of your neighborhood Target can know before you that your own daughter is pregnant, given changes in purchase patterns (Duhigg, 2012). Long gone are the days of anonymity and privacy. Figure 1. Big data are all around us, enabled by technological advances in micro‐ and nano‐electronics, nano materials, interconnectivity provided by sophisticated telecommunication infrastructure, massive network‐attached storage capabilities, and commodity‐based high‐performance computing infrastructures. The ability to store all credit card transactions, all cell phone traffic, all e‐mail traffic, video and images from extensive networks of surveillance devices, satellite and ground sensing data informing on all aspects of the weather and overall climate, and now to generate and store massive data informing on our personal health including whole genome sequencing data and extensive imaging data, is driving a revolution in high‐end data analytics to make sense of the big data, drive more accurate descriptive and predictive models that inform decision making on every level, whether identifying the next big security threat or making the best diagnosis and treatment choice for a given patient. The life and biomedical sciences have not been shielded from—and …
Efficient System-Level Remote Checkpointing Technique for BLCR

As the number of CPU cores in high-performance computing platforms continues to grow, the availability and reliability of these systems become a primary concern. As such, some solutions are physical (ie. power backup) and some are software driven. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has created a system-level fault-tolerant checkpoint/restart implementation for Linux clusters. This allows processes to restart computations at the last known checkpoint if the system crashes. It also allows for manual process migration to another system when the host experiences permanent failure, assuming the checkpoint data is intact. This paper proposes an alternative method of checkpoint creation to eliminate the assumption that the checkpoint data is intact on the local disk after system failure.
What gets a cell excited? Kinky curves

HODGKIN AND HUXLEY’S WORK (5) revealing the origins of cellular excitability is one of the great triumphs of physiology. In an extraordinarily deft series of papers, they were able to measure the essential electrical characteristics of neurons and synthesize them into a quantitative model that accounts for the excitability of neurons and other cells. The Hodgkin-Huxley equations, a set of four differential equations, predict many of the electrical characteristics of neurons and muscle cells; however, these equations are somewhat beyond the ken of most undergraduate biology students. I will show that if one wants to truly understand the origins of excitability, one cannot avoid its mathematical underpinnings. In this article, I also will demonstrate how it is possible, resorting only to elementary mathematics, to show why the combination of certain ion channel makes cells excitable. What does it mean to understand a biological process? Is a description of what happens during some biological event enough? Some might claim that science simply describes how things happen, but this misses the essential power of science, which is to go beyond what has been observed into predicting what might happen, which can only be done through the agency of mathematics. To guide student’s understanding of the process in the classroom, we need to take them beyond rote recitation to a visceral understanding of the forces at play in the process. Most neuroscience textbook accounts of cellular excitability do not divulge the essence of what makes cells excitable because they seem reluctant to address the underlying mathematics and physics. This leads to students recounting what happens during an action potential but gives them little insight into the mechanism.
Use of MIB-1 (Ki-67) Immunoreactivity in Differentiating Grade II and Grade III Gliomas

The grading of glial tumors has traditionally relied on histological assessment, but the distinction between grade II and grade III gliomas is still a subject of debate. We examined the value of the monoclonal antibody MIB-1 (Ki-67) labeling index (LI) in the differentiation between grade II and grade III gliomas by either the 1993 WHO grading scheme or the St. Anne-Mayo grading scale. The MIB-1 LI in the most densely labeled areas from 80 diffuse cerebral hemispheric gliomas was determined. The tumors included 16 grade II, 31 grade III and 33 grade IV gliomas by the WHO scale. The mean LIs (%) were 0.88 ± 0.29 for grade II, 8.75 ± 1.71 for grade III, and 9.12 ± 1.55 for grade IV gliomas. Analysis of variance indicated a significant difference in mean LIs between grades II and III and grades II and IV (p ≤ 0.0001), but not between grades III and IV. Seven tumors were classified differently by the 2 systems (grade III by WHO, but grade 2 by St. Anne-Mayo), and all had MIB-1 LI over 3%. Univariate analysis showed that MIB-1 LI with a cut-off point at 1.5% was a significant prognostic factor (p ≤ 0.0005). High tumor grade (WHO, p ≤ 0.0002; St. Anne-Mayo, p ≤ 0.0006) and patient age >50 (p ≤ 0.0001) were also significant factors for shorter survival. Using Cox Regression Multivariate Analysis, MIB-1 LI>1.5% was a significant independent predictor of shorter disease survival when paired with tumor grade (p ≤ 0.032), patient age (p ≤ 0.0065), or gender (p ≤ 0.0007). We conclude that the MIB-1 immunoreactivity is useful in distinguishing grade II from grade III gliomas, and maybe more sensitive in assigning aggressive gliomas to grade III than the St. Anne-Mayo grading system.
Penetration of anthropogenic carbon into organic particles of the deep ocean

[1] In the late 1980s, bomb 14C was present in suspended particulate organic carbon (POC) from the North Central Pacific (NCP) and Sargasso Sea (SS) throughout most of the water column, demonstrating that deep POC had exchanged with atmospheric CO2 in the past 30 years. Upon reoccupation of these sites in 1999 and 2000, respectively, we observed that the δ13C values of suspended POC were lower than those measured a decade earlier. This demonstrates that anthropogenic CO2 from fossil fuel and biomass burning has penetrated a major organic matter pool in the deep ocean. Δ14C measured in the suspended POC showed similar or higher values in the deep Sargasso Sea and decreased values in the deep NCP compared to those measured previously. We use a box model to show that the differences in the radiocarbon results are likely due to the presence of resuspended sediment that is laterally advected from the continental margin to the deep Sargasso Sea.
Experimental studies on circular SAR imaging in clutter using angular correlation function technique

This paper describes a novel approach for three-dimensional (3-D) imaging in a heavy-clutter environment. The proposed approach consists of two techniques. The first calls for the use of a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) moving in a circular orbit, whereas the second involves using angular correlation function (ACF) measurement for achieving clutter suppression. To demonstrate the imaging and clutter suppression capabilities of this combined approach (circular-correlation SAR), microwave imaging experiments are conducted at X-band frequencies (7-13 GHz). It is found that in heavy-clutter environments, this combined SAR approach outperforms conventional SAR, resulting in clearer images with enhanced target-to-clutter ratio.
In Vivo Characterization of Alveolar and Interstitial Lung Macrophages in Rhesus Macaques: Implications for Understanding Lung Disease in Humans

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) are commonly used to study lung macrophage-mediated immune responses. Questions remain, however, about whether AMs fully represent macrophage function in the lung. This study was performed to determine the contribution of interstitial macrophages (IMs) of lung tissue to pulmonary immunity and that are not present in BAL sampling. In vivo BrdU injection was performed to evaluate the kinetics and monocyte/tissue macrophage turnover in Indian rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Lung macrophage phenotype and cell turnover were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. AMs and IMs in lungs of rhesus macaques composed ∼70% of immune response cells in the lung. AMs represented a larger proportion of macrophages, ∼75-80%, and exhibited minimal turnover. Conversely, IMs exhibited higher turnover rates that were similar to those of blood monocytes during steady-state homeostasis. IMs also exhibited higher staining for TUNEL, suggesting a continuous transition of blood monocytes replacing IMs undergoing apoptosis. Although AMs appear static in steady-state homeostasis, increased influx of new AMs derived from monocytes/IMs was observed after BAL procedure. Moreover, ex vivo IFN-γ plus LPS treatment significantly increased intracellular expression of TNF-α in IMs, but not in AMs. These findings indicate that the longer-lived AMs obtained from BAL may not represent the entire pulmonary spectrum of macrophage responses, and shorter-lived IMs may function as the critical mucosal macrophage subset in the lung that helps to maintain homeostasis and protect against continuous pathogen exposure from the environment.
The effects of discourse support on the organization and production of children's utterances

This study asked whether lexical availability affects the length, complexity, order of mention, and fluency of children's utterances. Lexical availability was manipulated through discourse support (present or absent) and word frequency (high or low) for 40 target nouns. Length was indexed by mean number of words per communication unit. Complexity was indexed by mean number of verbs per communication unit. Earlier mention was measured by mean number of words preceding the target word in each communication unit. Thirty-six subjects, aged 4, 6, and 8, described 40 illustrations containing a high or low frequency target noun referent. In the discourse support condition, provided for one half of the target words, subjects named the target word prior to the description task. Results showed that the number of responses containing the target word varied with age, word frequency and discourse support condition; length of responses varied with age and its interaction with discourse support; earlier mention varied with age and discourse support condition; and fluency varied with discourse support condition. The results are discussed from the viewpoint of Bock's process model of sentence production.
A Content Assessment and Comparative Analysis of Prison-Based AIDS Education Programs for Inmates

Although it is true that inmates in U.S. prisons are experiencing high rates of HIV disease, it also is true that incarceration affords a meaningful opportunity to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS th...
Molecular imaging assisted surgery improves survival in a murine head and neck cancer model

Surgery plays an important role in the treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC), and surgical margin status is a key prognostic factor. Molecular imaging (MI) can be applied to identify tumor extensions intraoperatively. We applied this technique in a murine HNC model to determine whether it improves outcomes from surgical intervention. An orthotopic murine model with HNC was established with SCC VII cells expressing a green fluorescent protein. To determine the diagnostic accuracy of MI, 20 murine models undergoing standard surgical resection were assessed with MI to identify residual tumor, which was compared to histology as the gold standard. Then, to assess the effect of MI as a therapeutic intervention for survival, 65 mice were randomly divided into standard surgical resection, MI-assisted surgical resection, and control groups. In the MI-assisted surgery group, residual signals identified by MI underwent further tissue excision to eliminate the signal positivity. In diagnostic accuracy analysis, sensitivity and specificity of intraoperative MI in the HNC murine model were 86% and 100%, respectively. The mice undergoing MI-assisted surgery showed a significantly improved 60-day survival rate compared to standard surgery, 37% versus 5%, respectively. Intraoperative MI guidance is a promising technique in oncologic surgery, which could increase the efficacy of tumor resection and the survival of patients with HNC. The hurdles in applying this technique in clinical practice are still considerable, and further research and development is warranted.
Discrimination between cholesterol and sitosterol for absorption in rats

The intestinal absorption of cholesterol and sitosterol was compared in rats. The intragastric administration of a single emulsified lipid meal containing either 50 mg of [4-14C]cholesterol or [4-14C]sitosterol resulted in the lymphatic absorption of 18.2% and 0.42% of each sterol, respectively, in 6 hr. This difference was unaltered when the mucosal sterol load was equalized by reducing the cholesterol to 1 mg in the emulsified lipid meal while maintaining the same sitosterol load or when the physical state in the lumen was equalized by infusion of a micellar solution containing both sterols into bile-diverted intestine. Lymphatic cholesterol was 90% esterified compared to 12% for sitosterol. Both sterols were associated predominantly (greater than 70%) with the chylomicron fraction. Eighty percent of the chylomicron cholesterol was recovered as ester with the core lipids, while 77% of the sitosterol was recovered as free sterol with the chylomicron coat. In mucosal homogenates at 6 hr, sitosterol recovery was one-eleventh that of cholesterol. When [3H]cholesterol (10 mg) and [14C]sitosterol (10 mg) were co-administered in an emulsified intragastric lipid meal, sitosterol associated with the brush border isolated 2 hr later was one-fifth that of cholesterol. Similar differences were seen when brush border membranes were incubated in vitro with micellar solutions containing either 50 microM [3H]cholesterol or [14C]sitosterol and the relative uptake of each sterol was unaffected by micellar phospholipid type (egg yolk phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, or phosphatidylethanolamine).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Breaking the Closed-World Assumption in Stylometric Authorship Attribution

Stylometry is a form of authorship attribution that relies on the linguistic information found in a document. While there has been significant work in stylometry, most research focuses on the closed-world problem where the author of the document is in a known suspect set. For open-world problems where the author may not be in the suspect set, traditional classification methods are ineffective. This paper proposes the “classify-verify” method that augments classification with a binary verification step evaluated on stylometric datasets. This method, which can be generalized to any domain, significantly outperforms traditional classifiers in open-world settings and yields an F1-score of 0.87, comparable to traditional classifiers in closed-world settings. Moreover, the method successfully detects adversarial documents where authors deliberately change their styles, a problem for which closed-world classifiers fail.
Inverted left atrial appendage after cardiac procedure.

A 17-year-old man with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy presented with acute decompensated heart failure. A left ventricular assist device (LVAD) was implanted as bridge to transplant. Thirteen days after LVAD implantation, the patient suffered hypoxic cardiopulmonary arrest requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). After ECMO cannulation, transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) demonstrated a large, mobile echodensity in …
Bioactive DNA-Peptide Nanotubes Enhance the Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells Into Neurons

We report the construction of DNA nanotubes covalently functionalized with the cell adhesion peptide RGDS as a bioactive substrate for neural stem cell differentiation. Alteration of the Watson–Crick base pairing program that builds the nanostructures allowed us to probe independently the effect of nanotube architecture and peptide bioactivity on stem cell differentiation. We found that both factors instruct synergistically the preferential differentiation of the cells into neurons rather than astrocytes.
Prevalence of Headaches in Patients with Seizure Disorders (P1.311)

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of headache types in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) versus patients with epilepsy (PWE) electively admitted to the epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) for seizure evaluation. BACKGROUND: Self-reported CDC data show severe headache or migraine is a comorbidity affecting 34.7[percnt] of PWE versus 16.2[percnt] of the general population. Studies using questionnaires show that 12[percnt] of PWE with seizure-associated headaches have migraines. There are no studies characterizing the prevalence or types of headaches in PNES. DESIGN/METHODS: All patients admitted to EMU on or after 5/1/2014 were eligible. 98 consecutive patients were approached prior to establishing definitive seizure diagnosis. Headache Characteristics [using International Headache Society (IHS) ICHD-2 criteria], Demographics, PHQ-15, MIDAS, and HIT-6 questionnaires were distributed. 25 agreed to participate but did not provide data. Data from 73 adults (ages 19-74) were divided into diagnostic groups and the proportion of patients with migraine, probable migraine and non-migraine headaches was analyzed using Chi-Square Tests. RESULTS: 24 PNES, 26 PWE and 23 dual diagnosis (PNES+PWE) or patients with non-diagnostic evaluation (e.g., no events/seizures captured) were studied. The prevalence of migraine or probable migraine in PNES is 71[percnt] versus 65[percnt] in PWE. The prevalence of definitive migraine in PNES is 50[percnt] versus 11.5[percnt] in PWE. Analysis shows no statistical significance between migraine and probable migraine versus non-migraine headaches in PNES versus PWE. When groups are separated between migraine, probable-migraine or non-migraine headaches there is a significantly higher prevalence of definitive migraine in PNES versus PWE (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of severe headaches (including migraine/probable migraine) is high in PWE and PNES. Migraine in PWE is similar to previous studies where questionnaires incorporating the IHS Criteria assess headache type. Migraines appear to be more prominent in PNES; the relationship between headaches and psychosocial stressors needs further investigation. Disclosure: Dr. Wohlgehagen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Vines has nothing to disclose. Dr. Szaflarski has nothing to disclose.
Examples of λ-invariants

In this paper, we will examine some of the implications of the results in [C1] for the Iwasawa invariants, λp, of the cyclotomic fields Q(ζn), wherep + n. In particular, a number of examples, for various primesp, are given.
The Effect of Antibiotics on the Growth of White Leghorn Pullets

Abstract THE first of the experiments discussed in this paper was started soon after the discovery that one of the commercial vitamin B12 supplements contained an unknown factor that stimulated the growth of young chickens (Stokstad et al., 1949). After it was found that the factor was an antibiotic (Stokstad and Jukes, 1950), the second experiment was conducted to determine whether the inclusion of an antibiotic in their diet during hot weather would stimulate the growth of young White Leghorn pullets fed a diet containing cottonseed meal as the chief source of protein. Because the stimulation of growth in the second experiment was relatively small in comparison with some of the results that were attributed to the antibiotics, it was considered advisable to conduct other experiments during cool weather. The data from the four experiments at the Southwest Poultry Experiment Station, Glendale, Arizona, are given and discussed in this paper. PROCEDURE . . .
Counterimmunoelectrophoresis of Blood Cultures: Temporal Relationship of Positive Gram Stain to Positive Counterimmunoelectrophoresis

Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE), Gram staining, and quantitative measurements were performed on simulated blood cultures at hourly intervals after inoculation with Streptococcus pneumoniae , Klebsiella pneumoniae , or Haemophilus influenzae . The CIE became positive either at the same time as the Gram stain or within the ensuing five hours. In no case was CIE positive when the Gram stain was negative. The numbers of colony-forming units per milliliter necessary for a positive CIE result varied with the types of microorganisms. The procedure of CIE appears useful as a rapid screening technic for identification of bacteria in blood cultures when microorganisms are seen in Gram-stained smears.
Clinical Application of Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Cerebral Infarction

Objective To investigate the glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) detection in the diagnosis of cerebral infarction clinical application value.Methods Three hundreds and fifteen cases of cerebral infarction were divided into two groups: control group,high HbA1c group,using the ion exchange liquid chromatography method for the determination of glycosylated hemoglobin values.Results High HbA1c group than in the control group(P0.05) in cerebral infarction,the condition was more serious,the prognosis was worse,larger lesions,the mortality rate was higher.Conclusion The cerebral infarction severity of illness and HbA1c levels are positively correlated to HbA1c levels as cerebral infarction evaluation and prognosis and prevention of cerebral infarct is one of the important indexes,which in the prevention and treatment for cerebral infarction has important clinical significance.
Survey of accuracy of syphilis diagnosis in medical institutions in Liuzhou

Objective To evaluate the performance of syphilis diagnosis in Liuzhou according to the state syphilis diagnostic criteria and provide evidence for the improvement of syphilis diagnosis and reporting.Methods Syphilis patients reported by the medical institutions at county level or above grade Ⅱ in Liuzhou were sampled randomly to evaluate whether the diagnoses met the state syphilis diagnostic criteria.Results The accurate rate of syphilis diagnosis was 30.21%( 29/96),the standard detection rate was 40.63%( 39/96).The accurate rate of the diagnosis of the medical institutions at county level was lower than that of those above grade Ⅱ.Conclusion It is necessary for medical institutions to strengthen the training on syphilis diagnosis according to the related criteria,add necessary detection equipments and report the disease in a standard way.
Somersault of Paramecium in extremely confined environments.

We investigate various swimming modes of Paramecium in geometric confinements and a non-swimming self-bending behavior like a somersault, which is quite different from the previously reported behaviors. We observe that Paramecia execute directional sinusoidal trajectories in thick fluid films, whereas Paramecia meander around a localized region and execute frequent turns due to collisions with adjacent walls in thin fluid films. When Paramecia are further constrained in rectangular channels narrower than the length of the cell body, a fraction of meandering Paramecia buckle their body by pushing on the channel walls. The bucking (self-bending) of the cell body allows the Paramecium to reorient its anterior end and explore a completely new direction in extremely confined spaces. Using force deflection method, we quantify the Young’s modulus of the cell and estimate the swimming and bending powers exerted by Paramecium. The analysis shows that Paramecia can utilize a fraction of its swimming power to execute the self-bending maneuver within the confined channel and no extra power may be required for this new kind of self-bending behavior. This investigation sheds light on how micro-organisms can use the flexibility of the body to actively navigate within confined spaces.
Incidence of Migraine Headache

A population based study at the Mayo Clinic and Olmsted County, Minnesota identified 629 residents with newly diagnosed migraine headache between 1979 and 1981.
STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CIS-PLATINUM II DERIVATIVES OF POLYETHYLENEIMINE AS A MODEL CARRIER FOR NATURAL DRUG CARRIERS

While the synthesis of biologically active compounds is widespread, the major area lacking definitive results concerns the site specific delivery determined by the use of controlled drug release, natural polymers, suitably tailored synthetic polymers and polymer length and shape. The previous paper describes the use of monomeric and linear polymeric derivatives of cis-dichlorodiamine platinum II in medical applications emphasizing cancer chemotherapy.
Understanding Banking via WeChat Diaries

This paper describes the development and refinement of an existing chat application, China’s WeChat, as a remote diary tool, which researchers can employ to acquire a deeper understanding on their consumers whilst overcoming major geographical and time zone constraints. This research was part of a project to understand the experiences of Chinese consumers related to finance and banking. A diary study was conducted through WeChat and phone interviews to understand how consumers conduct their everyday financial transactions. The research illustrated the need to adapt approaches to diary participants, such as utilising a chat agent or avatar to elicit richer data, and demonstrated the utility of a feedback loop, which reassured and reminded participants to post regularly, in turn encouraging posts with more depth. The relationships built over the course of the diary study were also imperative to the success of follow-up semi-structured phone interviews, as trust and familiarity between researchers and participants enabled more intimate conversations. Novel use of the application worked well in gaining a deeper appreciation of the experiences of selected consumers. The paper adds to the growing literature on the use and adaptation of chat applications as a substitute for conventional mobile diary tools, and concludes with a list of key considerations for further applications in a similar research context.
Shift of the 1 1 S state of helium

In this paper the shift of the $1^{1}S$ state of helium is reconsidered and it is shown that recent discussions of the problem are subject to considerable doubt. The doubt arises from the unreliability (to the required precision) of the current theoretical determinations of the energy of the ground state. The result of an improved calculation for the latter is presented; and if this is accepted as a sufficient approximation, an unex-plained shift of 21.5 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ (opposite in direction to that previously suggested) would result for He. Similar unexplained shifts (but in the same direction as those suggested earlier) are also predicted for the other He-like ions.
On Improving Stiffness of Cable Robots

Stiffness of cable-driven parallel manipulators is dependent on the cable stiffnesses, cable tensions, and kinematic characteristics of the manipulator. In this paper, a general approach to stiffening this type of robot is put forward. The approach is based on two main principles: making constructive use of pulley-based force amplification, and adjusting the geometry of kinematic constraints. The approach is illustrated with an example.
Creation and Characterization of a Double Null Puroindoline Genotype in Spring Wheat

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain hardness is controlled by the Ha locus, which is composed of two closely linked genes, Puroindoline a (Pina) and Puroindoline b (Pinb). Hard grain results from mutations in either of the Pin genes. Previous results have shown that the Pina-D1b (Pina null) allele has harder grain than other naturally occurring Pin alleles. Our goal was to create, identify, and characterize a double null Pin genotype by identifying a Pinb null mutation in a variety carrying the Pina-D1l null allele. Seeds of Fortuna, which has a premature stop codon in Pina, were treated with ethyl methanesulfonate. Two premature stop codon mutations were identified in Pinb using direct sequencing. The double null Pin haplotype was characterized after backcrossing to the parent variety Fortuna to create Pina null populations segregating for the presence of Pinb. The double null group was 6 units harder than the single null with no difference in other kernel characteristics. The milling characteristics diff...
Cross-word morphologically conditioned scalar tone shift in Guébie

This paper presents data bearing on two key issues in morphophonological theory: 1) the domain of phonological evaluation, and 2) the item- versus process-morphology debate. I present data from Guebie (Kru) [Cote d’Ivoire] showing that imperfective aspect is exponed by a scalar shift in surface tone, which can affect either the tone of the inflected verb, or the subject noun phrase. There are four tone heights in Guebie, and the first syllable of a verb can underlyingly be associated with any of the four tones. In imperfective contexts only, that initial verb tone lowers one step on the four-tone scale. If the tone of the verb is already low, the final tone of the subject raises one step instead. This paper demonstrates that in order to account for the cross-word tonal effects of the imperfective morpheme, phonological evaluation must scope over more than one word at a time; specifically, it must scope over a syntactic phase. Additionally, I show that with phonological constraint rankings sensitive to morphosyntactic construction, no abstract phonological underlying form of the imperfective morpheme is necessary.
REDOX AND LIGAND DYNAMICS IN P450cam-PUTIDAREDOXIN COMPLEXES

Publisher Summary This chapter explores redox and ligand dynamics in P450 cam -putidaredoxin complexes. The 5-exo-hydroxylation of camphor by the P450 heme protein from P. putida occurs in a cyclic series of reaction states separated by the binding of substrates and addition of two reducing equivalents from putidaredoxin, an iron-sulfur protein of the Fe 2 S 2 Cys 4 class. NADH oxidation is coupled to this process by a flavoprotein that serves as a putidaredoxin reductase. The chapter presents some rapid-reaction measurements that describe the dynamics of substrate binding and redox transfer, establish the role of putidaredoxin-P450 complexes in the redox reactions, and suggest the participation of other reaction intermediates between addition of the second electron and release of products. In a study described in the chapter, the measurements of P450 reaction dynamics were made possible through the development of a rapid-reaction equipment that enhances precision and extends observation to reactions occurring in less than a millisecond. Reactions initiation by stopped-flow mixing, photoreduction and heme-ligand photodissociation were also studied. Transient spectral changes were observed simultaneously at two wavelengths and were digitalized and stored in a transient recorder for subsequent analysis.
Reconciliation Between Groups, the Prevention of Violence, and Lasting Peace

This chapter briefly reviews the origins of group/mass violence, the influences that lead to it, focusing on social conditions that frustrate basic psychological needs, and destructive psychological and social processes that attempt to fulfill these needs. Reconciliation, and the prevention of violence are overlapping activities. The chapter describes principles and practices that can help groups reconcile, after violence to prevent new violence, and before violence to make violence unlikely. One of these is understanding the origins of violence, its impact, and avenues to prevention and reconciliation. The chapter describes trainings and educational radio programs used in Rwanda, as well as Burundi and the Congo, to further such understanding. Other principles/practices include healing from the impact of victimization and acceptance of the past; humanizing the other group; creating constructive ideologies; establishing the complex truth; justice; each group acknowledging and accepting responsibility for the harm it has done; and working to create a shared in place of conflicting histories of the past. Creating just, pluralistic and democratic institutions, is important. So is raising inclusively caring, morally courageous children, and experiences that transforms victimization into altruism born of suffering.
The Palestinian cause in Syrian nationalism

This article examines the role of the Palestinian cause in Syrian nationalism over the past century, specifically in how it served to unite political leadership and people during times of crisis. Syrian nationalism emerged from Pan-Arabism and remained closely affiliated with the political ideology of Arab unity that could not be complete without Palestine. It was closely associated with the anti-colonial struggle that included the Zionist encroachment on Palestine. However, Syrian nationalism was full of contradictions and ambiguities from the beginning as the nation was composed of groups with competing interests. I argue the Palestinian cause was important for overcoming the ambiguities of Syrian nationalism and allowed for the different groups to find a common ground through their support for the cause. While most work examines the role of the Palestinian cause as a political ideology, I demonstrate that it informed political practices and patronage as well. Support for the cause was based on the cultural system that existed in the Ottoman period and prior to the colonial division of the Arab Middle East into separate nation-states. It allowed for the political and cultural networks to emerge in the post-empire period. The political practices surrounding the cause such as demonstrations continued through Syrian history particularly during period of crises. Support for the cause was enforced through social and personal networks in which ordinary Syrians and their leaders engaged. I conclude with how the current crisis in Syria illustrates the limits of the cause in bridging social and political divisions in Syrian society.
Bearing-Based Formation Control with Second-Order Agent Dynamics

We consider the distributed formation control problem for a network of agents using visual measurements. We propose solutions that are based on bearing (and optionally distance) measurements, and agents with double integrator dynamics. We assume that a subset of the agents can track, in addition to their neighbors, a set of static features in the environment. These features are not considered to be part of the formation, but they are used to asymptotically control the velocity of the agents. We analyze the convergence properties of the proposed protocols analytically and through simulations.
Fashion Communication: A Thread Connecting Students to the World

Globally, Fashion Communication (FCO) remains a relatively new discipline in higher education, acknowledging a need to train more in effectively communicating messages for fashion businesses and consumers. At a Midwestern school, the discipline is the focus of an undergraduate degree program that takes an interdisciplinary approach, combining courses in fashion, media, business, and graphic design. Within the major’s course curriculum, opportunities exist to infuse concepts about international affairs to heighten awareness and engage communicators in responsibly interpreting and disseminating information such to audiences. Through the lens of significant-learning pedagogy and the contextual model of intercultural communication, this case study describes an assignment in a Fashion Journalism course, where students self-reflect on their own identity and practice intercultural communication skills to interview wearers of the hijab for a story. The analysis will include observations and semi-structured interviews with the students, a textual analysis of their stories, and a reflection of my experience teaching the course.
A Data Science Framework for Movement

Author(s): Dodge, S | Abstract: Movement is the driving force behind the form and function of many ecological and human systems. Identification and analysis of movement patterns that may relate to thenbehavior of individuals and their interactions is a fundamental first step in understanding these systems. With advances in IoT and the ubiquity of smart connected sensors to collect movement and contextual data, we now have access to a wealth of geo-enriched high-resolution tracking data. These data promise new forms of knowledge and insight into movement of humans, animals, and goods, and hence can increase our understanding of complex spatiotemporal processes such as disease outbreak, urban mobility, migration, and human-species interaction. To take advantage of the evolution in our data, we need a revolution in how we visualize, model, and analyze movement as a multidimensional process that involves space, time, and context. This paper introduces a data science paradigm with the aim of advancing research on movement.
Communicating the External Beam Radiation Experience (CEBRE): Perceived Benefits of a Graphic Narrative Patient Education Tool.

Abstract Purpose Current radiation oncology patient education materials exceed national readability recommendations. A graphic narrative educational tool, the Communicating the External Beam Radiation Experience (CEBRE) discussion guide, was developed to facilitate patient–provider communication. A pilot study evaluated perceived benefits of CEBRE for patients and physicians. Methods and Materials CEBRE was designed through a collaboration between physicians and designers. Designers interviewed patients, family members, and the clinical team. Interviews were coded for themes, leading to the design principles that drove the design of CEBRE, including a graphic narrative component. CEBRE explains the radiation therapy care path. Readability was measured using the Flesch-Kincaid test. Patients receiving radiation therapy or in follow-up and practicing radiation oncologists reviewed CEBRE and completed independent surveys. Each survey included modified versions of the Systems Usability Score (SUS) and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) short form, along with questions unique to CEBRE. Likert-type scores are reported as median (interquartile range). Results CEBRE scores at a 5.4 Flesch-Kincaid grade level. Thirty-four patients and 15 radiation oncologists completed surveys. Patients had completed a high school/general equivalency degree (18%), a 2-year degree or some college (50%), or at least 4 years of college (32%). Patient and physician responses were concordant. On a scale of 1 to 5 for modified SUS and 1 to 4 for modified STAI ("strongly disagree" to "strongly agree") the SUS scores were 4 (4-5) and 4 (4-5) and STAI scores were 3 (3-4) and 3 (3-3.5) for patients and providers, respectively. This indicates CEBRE is usable and would decrease anxiety. Compared with text, the graphic narrative component of CEBRE was rated as "quite helpful" (4 [4-5]). Conclusions CEBRE, a graphic narrative education tool developed through a novel collaboration between designers and radiation therapy stakeholders, is accessible for patients and practical to facilitate patient–provider discussion. Perceived benefits demonstrating high usability and the potential to decrease patient anxiety warrant further prospective investigation of CEBRE in the clinical setting.