cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The amount and structure of prior event experience affects anticipatory sentence interpretation

Listeners easily interpret speech about novel events in everyday conversation; however, much of research on mechanisms of spoken language comprehension, by design, capitalises on event knowledge that is familiar to most listeners. This paper explores how listeners generalise from previous experience during incremental processing of novel spoken sentences. In two studies, participants initially heard stories that conveyed novel event mappings between agents, actions and objects, and their ability to interpret a novel, related event in real-time was measured via eye-tracking. A single exposure to a novel event was not sufficient to support generalisation in real-time sentence processing. When each story event was repeated with either the same agent or a different, related agent, listeners generalised in the repetition condition, but not in the multiple agent condition. These findings shed light on the conditions under which listeners leverage prior event experience while interpreting novel linguistic signals in everyday speech.
Application of liquid biopsies to identify genomic factors associated with therapy resistance in castration resistant prostate cancer.

For over 70 years, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been a fundamental treatment paradigm for advanced prostate cancer.
Northern Ireland Tourist Board and HBO: A Critical Evaluation of a Digital Media Marketing Alliance

The digital and social media campaign of the NITB is evaluated using both qualitative and quantitative performance metrics. The overall success of the GoT Belfast campaign is weighed in terms of economic costs to attract the filming to Northern Ireland versus the economic impact on the region. The assessment addresses the process to evaluate the fit between film and location, the strategies used by the DMO to attract the film production, the impact of the DMO digital and social media campaign, and an overall assessment of the economic impact of the film production on the region.
Prospective validation of a novel renal activity index of lupus nephritis

Objectives The renal activity index for lupus (RAIL) score was developed in children with lupus nephritis as a weighted sum of six urine biomarkers (UBMs) (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, ceruloplasmin, adiponectin, hemopexin and kidney injury molecule 1) measured in a random urine sample. We aimed at prospectively validating the RAIL in adults with lupus nephritis. Methods Urine from 79 adults was collected at the time of kidney biopsy to assay the RAIL UBMs. Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, we evaluated the accuracy of the RAIL to discriminate high lupus nephritis activity status (National Institutes of Health activity index (NIH-AI) score >10), from low/moderate lupus nephritis activity status (NIH-AI score ≤10). Results In this mixed racial cohort, high lupus nephritis activity was present in 15 patients (19%), and 71% had proliferative lupus nephritis. Use of the identical RAIL algorithm developed in children resulted in only fair prediction of lupus nephritis activity status of adults (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.62). Alternative weightings of the six RAIL UBMs as suggested by logistic regression yielded excellent accuracy to predict lupus nephritis activity status (AUC 0.88). Accuracy of the model did not improve with adjustment of the UBMs for urine creatinine or albumin, and was little influenced by concurrent kidney damage. Conclusions The RAIL UBMs provide excellent prediction of lupus nephritis activity in adults. Age adaption of the RAIL is warranted to optimize its discriminative validity to predict high lupus nephritis activity status non-invasively.
Comparative efficacy of cimetidine, famotidine, ranitidine, and mylanta in postoperative stress ulcers: Gastric pH control and ulcer prevention in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery

To determine the comparative efficacy of several histamine (H2)-receptor antagonists (cimetidine, famotidine, and ranitidine) and the antacid Mylanta-II (Stuart Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE) in gastric pH control and the prevention of postoperative stress ulceration, a prospective, randomized study was performed in a homogeneous population of patients with elective coronary artery bypass. None of the 57 patients in the study population had a documented history of ulcer disease. There were four treatment groups, each with similar demographics (age and sex). Cimetidine-treated group consisted of 15, famotidine-treated group of 18, ranitidine-treated group of 19, and antacid-treated group of 5 patients. There was no hemodynamically significant postoperative gastrointestinal bleeding in any of the patients. When the agents were compared for efficacy of gastric pH control, statistically better pH control was found in the famotidine- and ranitidine-treated groups (P less than 0.003) than in the cimetidine-treated group (pH less than or equal to 4.0) during the 20-hour observation period. Side effects (hematologic and neurological) were noted only in the cimetidine-treated group. The results of this study indicate that in patients in postoperative intensive care, better gastric pH control, and thus prevention of gastric stress ulcers, is achieved with either famotidine or ranitidine rather than cimetidine or antacid.
Abstract P157: Factors Influencing Time-Dependent Quality Indicators for Suspected ACS Patients in the ED

Background: Rapid risk stratification and timely treatment are critical to favorable outcomes for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. This study examines five time-dependent quality indicators ...
Experimental Modeling Supports a Role for MyBP-HL as a Novel Myofilament Component in Arrhythmia and Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Background —Cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias are under significant genetic influence. Here, we studied a family with dilated cardiomyopathy and associated conduction system disease in whom prior clinical cardiac gene panel testing was unrevealing. Methods —Whole genome sequencing and induced pluripotent stem cells were used to examine a family with dilated cardiomyopathy and atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. We also characterized a mouse model with heterozygous and homozygous deletion of Mybphl . Results —Whole genome sequencing identified a premature stop codon, R255X, in the MYBPHL gene encoding myosin-binding protein-H like (MyBP-HL), a novel member of the myosin binding protein family. MYBPHL was found to have high atrial expression with low ventricular expression. We determined that MyBP-HL protein was myofilament-associated in the atria, and truncated MyBP-HL protein failed to incorporate into the myofilament. Human cell modeling demonstrated reduced expression from the mutant MYBPHL allele. Echocardiography of Mybphl heterozygous and null mouse hearts exhibited a 36% reduction in fractional shortening (FS) and an increased diastolic ventricular chamber size. Atria weight normalized to total heart weight was significantly increased in Mybphl heterozygous and null mice. Using a reporter system, we detected robust expression of Mybphl in the atria as well as in discrete puncta throughout the right ventricular wall and septum. Telemetric electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings in Mybphl mice revealed cardiac conduction system abnormalities with aberrant atrioventricular conduction and an increased rate of arrhythmia in heterozygous and null mice. Conclusions —The findings of reduced ventricular function and conduction system defects in Mybphl mice support that MYBPHL truncations may increase risk for human arrhythmias and cardiomyopathy.
O–O bond formation in ruthenium-catalyzed water oxidation: single-site nucleophilic attack vs. O–O radical coupling

In this review we discuss at the mechanistic level the different steps involved in water oxidation catalysis with ruthenium-based molecular catalysts. We have chosen to focus on ruthenium-based catalysts to provide a more coherent discussion and because of the availability of detailed mechanistic studies for these systems but many of the aspects presented in this review are applicable to other systems as well. The water oxidation cycle has been divided in four major steps: water oxidative activation, O–O bond formation, oxidative activation of peroxide intermediates, and O2 evolution. A significant portion of the review is dedicated to the O–O bond formation step as the key step in water oxidation catalysis. The two main pathways to accomplish this step, single-site water nucleophilic attack and O–O radical coupling, are discussed in detail and compared in terms of their potential use in photoelectrochemical cells for solar fuels generation.
The Novel Design of the Mercer Universal Prosthesis

The Mercer On Mission (MOM) Orthopedic and Prosthetic projects are addressing a worldwide problem, which is predominantly critical in Vietnam and Southeast Asian countries. More than 2000 Vietnamese are injured each year by landmines and unexploded bombs left over from the Vietnam War. An estimated 100,000 amputees live in Vietnam today, and there are more than 18 million amputees around the world, with more than 80% of those living in developing countries. The prosthetic device was invented by one of the authors. The innovative design features a “V-cut” in the back of the socket, allowing the amputee patient to adjust the volume of the socket opening as the size and shape of patients’ stump changes. This adjustability is a principal advantage, as standard prostheses generally need to be replaced every two to three years because they no longer fit. This is not financially possible for many impoverished Vietnamese amputees. The prosthetic sockets and feet are made using injection molds. Knee joints, pylons and flanges are made using CNC and milling machines. They are made of polypropylene and aluminum instead of carbon fiber and stainless steel or titanium alloys. Therefore, the universal below the knee (BK) and above the knee (AK) prostheses are much lighter than the customized ones. At a cost of only $100 USD per BK and $150 USD per AK prosthesis to manufacture, coupled with grants and donations to cover material costs, the program is able to provide prostheses to Vietnamese amputees free of charge. Since 2009, authors with faculty and students from Mercer University have traveled to Ho Chi Minh City, Can Tho, Phung Hiep, Ben Tre, Phong Dien, Dong Thap, Ca Mau, Vinh Long, Vung Tau, and Quang Tri numerous times, bringing a total of 4816 Mercer prosthetic devices to fit for the local patients.
Studies on the light-dependent synthesis of inorganic pyrophosphate by Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores.

Abstract Characteristics of inorganic pyrophosphate synthesis from inorganic orthophosphate were examined in chromatophores of Rhodospirillum rubrum. The application of an ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase-trapping system has shown in an unequivocal fashion that pyrophosphate is a product of a light-dependent reaction utilizing Pi as the substrate. Only very limited pyrophosphate synthesis takes place in the dark. The rates of synthesis of both ATP and pyrophosphate were studied under conditions in which the membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatase and pyrophosphatase activities would normally make these substances unstable. The maximum rate of pyrophosphate synthesis was 25% of that for ATP synthesis, with maximum activation of pyrophosphate synthesis occurring at a lower light-intensity than that required for ATP synthesis. As a result, at low light-intensity the rate of pyrophosphate formation approached that of ATP. Maximal rates of synthesis of both pyrophosphate and ATP were attained only on the addition of an exogenous reducing agent. Conditions for optimum pyrophosphate synthesis required about one-half of the concentration of the reductant required for maximum ATP synthesis. Consistent with previous reports, oligomycin inhibited ATP synthesis, but had little influence on the rate of pyrophosphate synthesis. In membrane particles that retained pyrophosphatase activity but were treated to remove adenosine triphosphatase activity and the ability to photophosphorylate ADP, oligomycin stimulated light-dependent pyrophosphate synthesis by nearly 250%. The influence of Mg2+ concentration, pH and various inhibitors and uncouplers on pyrophosphate synthesis was studied. The results are discussed with respect to the mechanism and function of electron-transport-coupled energy conservation in R. rubrum chromatophores.
Sensitivity variation and cross-resistance of Zymoseptoria tritici to azole fungicides in North America

Though delayed relative to Europe, fungicide resistance in Zymoseptoria tritici is now present in North America. We assessed azole fungicide sensitivity and cross-resistance in Zymoseptoria tritici isolates from the Willamette Valley of western Oregon, USA. Isolates were grown in the presence of 12 serial dilutions of four different azole fungicides (cyproconazole, propiconazole, tebuconazole, and prothioconazole) and their EC50 values calculated. Mean sensitivity of Z. tritici to the four fungicides differed by three orders of magnitude. Significant correlation coefficients ranging from to 0.42 to 0.75 were found among the three triazole fungicides (cyproconazole, propiconazole, and tebuconazole). Prothioconazole, a triazolinthione and more recently introduced fungicide in Oregon, showed evidence of weaker cross-resistance with the three triazoles (r ranging from 0.26 to 0.42). Our results suggest that, in the early stages of fungicide evolution, growers may be able to conserve azole fungicides through conscientious and carefully selected fungicide applications and management practices.
Deciphering lipid codes: K‐Ras as a paradigm

The cell plasma membrane (PM) is a highly dynamic and heterogeneous lipid environment, driven by complex hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions among the hundreds of types of lipid species. Although the biophysical processes governing lipid lateral segregation in the cell PM have been established in vitro, biological implications of lipid heterogeneity are poorly understood. Of particular interest is how membrane proteins potentially utilize transient spatial clustering of PM lipids to regulate function. This review focuses on a lipid-anchored small GTPase K-Ras as an example to explore how its C-terminal membrane-anchoring domain, consisting of a contiguous hexa-lysine polybasic domain and an adjacent farnesyl anchor, possesses a complex coding mechanism for highly selective lipid sorting on the PM. How this lipid specificity modulates K-Ras signal transmission will also be discussed.
An Active Learning Approach to Teaching Undergraduate Introduction to MIS Course

The undergraduate Introduction to MIS course is generally taught as a core course in business schools to introduce information systems concepts. In addition, the course serves as an important entry point to recruit MIS majors. For instructors wanting to do well in the MIS course, use of traditional lecturing alone may not be entirely effective. This paper proposes an active learning approach to supplement traditional lecturing for teaching the MIS course. The use of various active learning techniques and their implementation in the classroom is discussed. Qualitative and quantitative feedback from students suggests that students like the active learning-based approach and report increased levels of subject matter understanding and ability to apply the material in real world contexts.
Cardiac mortality in limited-stage small cell lung cancer

Abstract Introduction Life expectancy of patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) continues to rise; thus, characterization of long-term toxicities is essential. Although there are emerging data linking cardiac irradiation doses with survival for non-small cell lung cancer, there are currently minimal data on cardiac-specific mortality (CSM) in LS-SCLC. The goal of this investigation was to evaluate CSM between left- and right-sided cases. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was queried for stage I–III primary SCLC patients receiving radiotherapy; CSM was compared between left- and right-sided diseases. Accounting for mortality from other causes, Gray’s test compared cumulative incidences of CSM between both groups. Multiple multivariate models examined the independent effect of laterality on CSM, including the Fine and Gray competing risk model and the Cox proportional hazards model. Results Of 19,692 patients, 7991 (41%) were left-sided and 11,701 (59%) were right-sided. Left-sided patients experienced significantly higher CSM overall (3.3% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.004). Laterality was an independent predictor of CSM in the overall population in the Fine and Gray competing risk model (p = 0.006) as well as the Cox proportional hazards model (p = 0.007). The overall hazard ratio for CSM by disease laterality was 1.27 (95% confidence interval, 1.08–1.50). Laterality had no statistical association with non-cardiac mortality in the Fine and Gray competing risk model (p = 0.130). Conclusions Although causation between radiotherapy and CSM in LS-SCLC cannot be stated based on these data, we encourage clinical attentiveness to cardiac-sparing radiotherapy for LS-SCLC, along with further investigation evaluating dosimetric correlates for cardiotoxicity.
Low Rates of Screening for Celiac Disease Among Family Members.

Background & Aims Given the increased morbidity and potential mortality of celiac disease, guidelines recommend screening high-risk individuals, including first-degree relatives of patients. We assessed how commonly celiac disease testing occurs in these individuals and identified factors that influence testing. Methods Relatives of 2081 patients with biopsy-diagnosed celiac disease and followed up at Columbia University Medical Center were identified using relationship inference from the electronic health record—a validated method that uses emergency contact information to identify familial relationships. We manually abstracted data from each record and performed univariate and multivariate analyses to identify factors associated with testing relatives for celiac disease. Results Of 539 relatives identified, 212 (39.3%) were tested for celiac disease, including 50.4% (193 of 383) of first-degree relatives and 71.5% (118 of 165) of symptomatic first-degree relatives. Of the 383 first-degree relatives, only 116 (30.3%) had a documented family history of celiac disease. On multivariate analysis, testing was more likely in adults (odds ratio [OR], for 18–39 y vs younger than 18 y, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.12–4.58); relatives being seen by a gastroenterologist (OR, 15.16; 95% CI, 7.72–29.80); relatives with symptoms (OR, 3.69; 95% CI, 2.11–6.47); first-degree relatives of a patient with celiac disease (OR, 4.90, 95% CI, 2.34–10.25); and relatives with a documented family history of celiac disease (OR, 11.9, 95% CI, 5.56–25.48). Conclusions By using an algorithm to identify relatives of patients with celiac disease, we found that nearly 30% of symptomatic first-degree relatives of patients with celiac disease have not received the tests recommended by guidelines. Health care providers should implement strategies to identify and screen patients at increased risk for celiac disease, including methods to ensure adequate documentation of family medical history.
Challenging Leadership Status Quo

Organizational structures in corporate business differ fundamentally from those found in a hospital or health care facility. Nurse executives would be wise to understand the organizational structures that come into play and even wiser to remember that titles do not always accurately reflect authority within an organization. For example, holding a line position in a corporation entitles that individual to decide how to deploy resources to achieve the corporation’s business goals. Employees in staff positions provide information and advice to those in line positions. In matrix-based organizations, project managers select from a pool of employees to work on specific assignments, which often results in a single employee working for several managers.
Separation of Erythroid Progenitor Cells in Mouse Bone Marrow by Isokinetic-Gradient Sedimentation

Isokinetic-gradient sedimentation employing a shallow linear gradient of Ficoll in tissue culture medium was used to isolate erythroid progenitor cells (CFU-e) from mouse bone marrow. Following gradient sedimentation, 34% of the total nucleated cells and 48% of the CFU-e applied to the gradient were recovered, and three distinct modal populations of CFU-e could be distinguished. The slowest-migrating population did not require exposure to exogenous erythropoietin in order to form erythroid colonies in vitro. The other two modal populations of CFU-e required exposure to exogenous erythropoietin for differentiation. One of these, constituting 64% of the hormone- dependent CFU-e recovered, migrated with the bulk of the marrow cells, whereas the other migrated ahead of the bulk of the marrow cells. This latter population, which contained 34% of the CFU-e, was recovered with 11% of the marrow cells, representing a twofold to threefold enrichment. BFU-e migrated more slowly than the erythropoietin- dependent CFU-e. Resedimentation studies suggested that the two erythropoietin-dependent CFU-e populations were distinct modal populations. When cells from the fastest-migrating population of erythropoietin-dependent CFU-e were cocultured with unseparated marrow cells, a further twofold to threefold enhancement of erythroid colony formation was obtained. Comparison of isokinetic-gradient sedimentation with discontinuous and continuous albumin density-gradient sedimentation revealed that isokinetic-gradient sedimentation was a more efficient method than the former and a more rapid method than the latter for isolating CFU-e from mouse bone marrow.
Biochemical Techniques Which Employ Lanthanides

Only trace amounts of the lanthanides are normally present in living systems (Section 7.2), and they are not known to play any metabolic role. Consequently, they have attracted the attention of biochemists not because of their physiological functions, but because of their several extremely valuable experimental uses. The most important of these exploit their ability to serve as informative spectroscopic probes of the interactions of Ca2+ and, to a lesser degree, other metal ions with molecules of biochemical interest. However, there also exists a large literature on their use in electron microscopy, in enzyme assay, and in a number of other types of biochemical investigation. These applications of the lanthanides rest upon their chemical properties, which were described in Chapter 2. In the present chapter, the ways in which these properties are put to experimental use are described.
Bio-reckoning: Perceptual User Interface Design for Military Training

Simulation based training is one way to attain operational realism for training complex military tasks in a safe, task relevant manner. For successful transfer of knowledge, skills, and abilities to the dynamically changing military environment, the human-computer interface should minimally support learning during the training process and provide congruent action plans that facilitate understanding of the overall training goal. While there are emerging controller technologies, simulators still rely on such input devices as mouse and keyboard. These devices potentially cause information and training bottlenecks as they limit naturalistic interactivity within the more advanced serious gaming platforms. Given the shortcomings of current interface design, we suggest a human-computer interface framework that includes perceptual user interface components and an open source serious game testbed. We discuss a multimodal framework called bio-reckoning that integrates brain-computer interface techniques, eye tracking, and facial recognition within EDGE, the U.S. Army’s newest serious game based training tool.
Buero Vallejo’s Experiment in Existential Psychology: Traces of Martín-Santos’ Tiempo de silencio in La doble historia del doctor Valmy

In this article, I explore the kinship between Buero Vallejo’s play La doble historia del doctor Valmy (1964) and Martin-Santos’ novel, Tiempo de silencio (1962) that is based on existential psychology. I argue that Buero was not only influenced by Martin-Santos’ writings on existential psychology, but that his play in fact mimics Martin-Santos’ novel as an experiment in existential psychology. After an explanation of the difference between existential philosophy, existential psychology, and existential psychoanalysis, I explore the connections between the two works that are based on similarities between the protagonists and narrators, the topic of castration, the presence of the grandmother as an archetypal figure, the use of irony and silence as they relate to the narrative structure of the works, and the role of the reader and spectator in the novel and the play. After considering these points of comparison, I broach the question of the relative success or failure of the authors’ experiments in existential psychology, as well as the relevance of said experiments with regard to post-Civil War Spain and the Franco regime.
Dual-polarized UWB Antenna System (30 to 100GHz) for Millimeter Wave Communication

A broadband phased antenna array with high gain is considered desirable for millimeter wave communication. In this paper, a tapered slot antenna (TSA) was developed to cover an ultra-wide band from 30GHz to 100GHz. Minor modifications to a classical design is done to improve performance of our antenna. The design was simulated, and the results are presented in this paper. Each antenna element has an average gain of 8.9dBi. This element is used to construct a dual-polarized set to reduce the losses due to cross polarization between transmitting and receiving antenna. An array of 12×12 dual-polarized elements is analyzed. This array is demonstrated to enhance gain while giving the system beam steering and forming capabilities.
Direct 6D List-Mode Maximum-Likelihood Expectation-Maximization Reconstruction for Dynamic Cardiac SPECT

SPECT is the foundation of cardiac nuclear stress testing in the medical imaging industry. To achieve its full potential, one needs to be able to accurately calculate myocardial blood flow (MBF) and coronary flow reserve (CFR) from clinical slowly rotating gamma cameras with algorithms that are able to correct for cardiac and respiratory motion. Implementing dynamic cardiac imaging with conventional slowly rotating clinical SPECT scanners, the emitted photons are detected and recorded continuously by the camera detector as it rotates. Acquiring the data in list mode with information of angle and bin location, in addition to information of cardiac and respiratory phases, allows for more flexibility in modeling the physiological processes of the time varying activity changes and cardiac and respiratory motion. It is known that for a slowly rotating gamma camera it is difficult to obtain consistent tomographic data to solve dynamic inverse problems frame-by-frame. However, by estimating coefficients of spatiotemporal basis functions directly from projection measurements one can fairly accurately measure the wash-in and wash-out kinetics of a myocardial perfusion SPECT tracer. Here we develop a direct 6D list-mode (LM) maximum-likelihood expectation-maximization (LM-ML-EM) reconstruction algorithm. Our spatiotemporal image reconstruction uses splines to explicitly model the temporal change of the tracer and Gaussian basis functions to model cardiac and respiratory motion. The varying change in the projected activity distribution is a non-homogeneous Poisson process in contrast with homogeneous Poisson processes characteristic of imaging biological systems at equilibrium. Using an appropriate likelihood function for the measured projections and an appropriate likelihood function for the "complete" data space, an equivalent algorithm is developed form these two formulations that provides an iterative update for the coefficients of a tensor product of the spatiotemporal basis functions.
Inhibition of cultured human tumor cell oxygen utilization by chlorpromazine.

Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) a widely used tranquilizer was earlier shown to preferentially sensitize hypoxic bacterial cells to 60Co gamma rays (Shenoy, George, Singh & Ayengar, 1975). CPZ was also observed to be toxic towards hypoxic cells (Shenoy & Singh, 1978) and this hypoxic cytotoxicity was found to be dependent on temperature. When tested in murine tumors, the drug sensitized Sarcoma 180A (Shenoy & Singh, 1980) as well as fibrosarcoma (George Srinivasan & Singh, 1980) to x-rays. A marked chemotherapeutic effect of CPZ was evident in Sarcoma 180A (Shenoy & Singh, 1980) and this effect was more pronounced in clamped tumors (George et al., 1980), indicating the effectiveness of the drug when cells were under acute hypoxia.
Excluded but not forgotten: Veterinary emergency care during emergencies and disasters.

Background: Disasters or crises impact humans, pets, and service animals alike. Current preparation at the federal, state, and local level focuses on preserving human life. Hospitals, shelters, and other human care facilities generally make few to no provisions for companion care nor service animal care as part of their disaster management plan. Abandoned animals have infectious disease, safety and psychologic impact on owners, rescue workers, and those involved in reclamation efforts. Animals working as first responder partners may be injured or exposed to biohazards and require care. Data sources: English language literature available via PubMed as well as lay press publications on emergency care, veterinary care, disaster management, disasters, biohazards, infection, zoonosis, bond-centered care, preparedness, bioethics, and public health. No year restrictions were set. Conclusions: Human clinician skills share important overlaps with veterinary clinician skills; similar overlaps occur in medical and surgical emergency care. These commonalities offer the potential to craft-specific and disaster or crisis-deployable skills to care for humans, pets (dogs and cats), service animals (dogs and miniature horses) and first-responder partners (dogs) as part of national disaster healthcare preparedness. Such a platform could leverage the skills and resources of the existing US trauma system to underpin such a program.
PersonaGAN: Personalized Response Generation via Generative Adversarial Networks.

Current personalized dialogue systems do not thoroughly model the context to capture richer information, and still tend to generate short, incoherent and boring responses. To tackle these problems, in this paper we propose a generative adversarial network model PersonaGAN for personalized dialogue generation. In addition to hierarchical modeling of context, we introduce a speaker-aware encoder in the generator to capture richer context information. Besides, we apply adversarial training to personalized dialogue generation task via using a transformer-based matching model as discriminator. The discriminator could give higher rewards for the responses which look like human written and lower rewards for machine generated responses. Such training strategy encourages the generator to generate responses which are grammatically fluent, informative and logically coherent with context. We evaluate the proposed model on a public available dataset and yield promising results on both automatic and human evaluation, which show that our model can generate more coherent and personalized responses while ensuring fluency.
Depression and cognitive function in early multiple sclerosis: Multitasking is more sensitive than traditional assessments:

Background:Persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and depression symptoms report real-world cognitive difficulties that may be missed by laboratory cognitive tests.Objective:To examine the relationsh...
Female Urinary Incontinence Evidence-Based Treatment Pathway: An Infographic for Shared Decision-Making.

Objectives: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a highly prevalent burdensome condition among adult females in the United States, yet rates of care-seeking, evaluation, and treatment are nonoptimal. Components of evaluation and treatment are informed by research and professional society guidelines; however, a visual representation of this guidance does not exist. The objectives of this study are to review the literature regarding female UI care and to synthesize this information into a graphical format to facilitate health education, health care delivery, and shared decision-making. Methods: We reviewed published society guidelines, position statements, and associated references from the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Women's Preventive Services Initiative, American Academy of Family Physicians, American College of Physicians, the Society of Urodynamics and Female Urology, the American Urological Association, and the American Urogynecologic Society, and searched PubMed for related literature. We synthesized these findings into an evidence-based infographic depicting female UI risk factors, influences on care-seeking and provision, screening, evaluation, and a stepwise treatment approach. Results: This study summarizes current evidence and professional guidelines related to female UI into a compelling visual format and accompanying narrative. The infographic is intended as a tool for patient education, clinical practice, and research to facilitate shared decision-making and health care delivery. Conclusions: Female UI is highly prevalent, yet diagnosis and treatment are suboptimal. Use of an evidence-based infographic may positively impact patient knowledge and certainty about UI treatment and support health care provider counseling and decision-making.
The Psychological Significance of Pubertal Change

Pubertal changes involve a rather dramatic set of events with regard to their rate and magnitude (Petersen and Taylor, 1980), particularly when compared to other biological events through the life cycle. Studies across the life course sensitize us to the fact that when life changes are too rapid or extreme, multiple and simultaneous, or unusually timed, individuals are subjected to varied and extreme challenges of coping with their situations. Such evidence comes to us from studies of adolescence (Coleman, 1980; Simmons, Blyth, Van Cleave, and Bush, 1979), the transition to adulthood (Coleman, et al., 1974; Neugarten and Hagestad, 1976; Hogan, 1978), middle age (Brim, 1976a; Cohler and Boxer, 1983), and old age (Lieberman, 1975; Seltzer, 1976). Individuals need some degree of control and social support to effectively negotiate life changes, and such capacities vary according to the events themselves, their transformative qualities (Brim and Ryff, 1980; Hultsch and Plemons, 1979), and individual coping styles and life cycle position. Thus, young adolescents’ confrontations with the challenges of pubertal change provide a natural testing ground for understanding (1) the nature of a set of biologically paced life events, (2) the ways in which these are negotiated, and (3) their psychosocial impact upon development.
Searching for power: An experimental test for the accumulation of expectancy effects

Social reality can be created through self-fulfilling prophecies and perceptual biases. A selffulfilling prophecy is a false belief that leads to its own fulfillment. A perceptual bias occurs when an individual believes that her or his inaccurate expectation about another has been confirmed to a greater extent than it has in reality. Although research findings bearing on these processes are robust, these effects are typically small. Nonetheless, this does not mean that self-fulfilling prophecy and perceptual bias effects are always small. There are conditions under which such effects have the potential to be powerful. The current experiment tested this possibility by addressing two main goals: 1) to examine if expectancy effects accumulate across perceivers and 2) to examine whether unfavorable or favorable expectancies produce more powerful cumulative expectancy effects. Sessions were run with groups of two perceivers and one target (N=145 groups). Whereas some perceivers were induced with either an unfavorable (i.e., hostile) or a favorable (i.e., friendly) expectancy, other perceivers were not induced with any expectancy. All perceivers then interacted with a target in a reaction time task, during which they used a noise weapon on an alternating basis. After the reaction time task, participants’ impressions of each other were measured. The average noise level that targets administered to perceivers was the dependent variable used to test for self-fulfilling prophecy effects. Perceivers’ impressions of targets was the dependent variable used to test for perceptual bias effects. Results failed to support the occurrence of a self-fulfilling prophecy. However, perceptual bias effects were observed – perceivers induced with an unfavorable expectancy judged targets’ as significantly more hostile than perceivers who were not induced with an unfavorable expectancy. However, further analyses indicated that perceptual bias effects did not accumulate across perceivers. Possible implications and some limitations of the experiment are discussed.
PATTERNS OF LANDSCAPE USE BY BEAVER ON THE LOWER ROANOKE RIVER FLOODPLAIN, NORTH CAROLINA

Satellite imagery was used to map dramatic increases in area impounded by beaver activity between 1984 and 1993 in the Roanoke River floodplain of eastern North Carolina. The tenfold increase in beaver impoundment coincides with natural increases in beaver populations in North Carolina and the transfer of lands within the floodplain into conservation ownership. The results were analyzed within a geographic information system to examine patterns of landscape use by, and landscape changes resulting from, beaver activity. In general, floodplain beaver impoundments are associated either with sloughs, where ponds form connected linear complexes extending the length of a swale; or backswamps, where ponds spread unconstrained from the edge into the interior of the swamp. Increases in beaver activity between 1984 and 1993 dramatically increased the length of beaver-pond edge and associated habitat within the floodplain. Additionally, beaver ponds became significantly less isolated within the floodplain, making be...
Untying Our Hands: The Case for Uniform Personal Jurisdiction over "Libel Tourists"

This Note analyzes the growing trend of “Libel Tourism,” wherein a plaintiff files a defamation lawsuit in a foreign forum primarily to avail himself of its plaintiff-friendly libel laws. Many critics of the practice argue that (1) such claims can effectively circumvent the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, and (2) U.S. courts should be able to adjudicate the enforceability of such foreign judgments in the United States. In light of recent legislative developments, this Note focuses with particularity on whether, and in what instances, U.S. courts may assert personal jurisdiction over libel tourists for the purpose of issuing such a declaratory judgment. After examining existing case law and various arguments for and against such a jurisdictional assertion, this Note concludes that new federal legislation allowing personal jurisdiction over libel tourists is both necessary and constitutional.
Skolem Rings and Their Varieties

Skolem semi-lattices may be defined as those which admit a binary operation + (the symmetric pseudo-complement), whereby x + y is the smallest element u, x ⋁ u = y v⋁u. Define x*y = (x⋁y) + y, and x·y = (x*y)⋁(y*x). One can recover ⋁ from +, · by: x⋁y = (x+y) + (x·y). So the structures and are equivalent up to equational translation. We call these structures Skolem rings.
Mesoscale evolution of voids and microstructural changes in HMX-based explosives during heating through the β-δ phase transition

HMX-based explosives LX-10 and PBX-9501 were heated through the β-δ phase transition. Ultra-small angle x-ray scattering (USAXS) and molecular diffraction were simultaneously recorded as the HMX was heated. Mesoscale voids and structure dramatically change promptly with the β-δ phase transition, rather than with other thermal effects. Also, x-ray induced damage, observed in the USAXS, occurs more readily at elevated temperatures; as such, the dose was reduced to mitigate this effect. Optical microscopy performed during a similar heating cycle gives an indication of changes on longer length scales, while x-ray microtomography, performed before and after heating, shows the character of extensive microstructural damage resulting from the temperature cycle and solid-state phase transition.
Instrumentation for measurement of line impedance

This paper presents instrumentation for nondisruptively measuring the impedance of a normally operating line. A small sinusoidal current of known frequency is injected into the line, and line impedance at that frequency is calculated from the magnitude and phase of the injected current and resulting voltage as measured by a network analyzer. Line impedance as a function of frequency is found by repeating the measurement over a range of frequencies. Lumped equivalent circuit models are extracted from the measured line impedance and applied to an example analysis of line voltage distortion. >
Anthropogenic modifications to a barrier island influence Bonnethead ( Sphyrna tiburo ) movements in the northern Gulf of Mexico

Barrier islands are dynamic features of the northern Gulf of Mexico that are affected by natural processes and more frequently, anthropogenic disturbances. In addition to providing a barrier from storms, these islands offer habitat for many marine species. In an effort to prevent oiling of the Alabama coastline following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, an artificial rock-rubble berm was constructed in 2010 to reconnect two portions of Dauphin Island, a northern Gulf of Mexico barrier island that was separated during Hurricane Katrina. An acoustic array established prior to the closure of “Katrina Cut” was used to investigate the potential effect of this anthropogenic alteration on the movement patterns of acoustically tagged Bonnetheads (Sphyrna tiburo). Across the entire acoustic array, the largest proportion of detections occurred on receivers before construction at Katrina Cut (0.55), followed by the period after the construction (0.25), and the period during the construction (0.20). Focusing on the area near Katrina Cut, the two hydrophones in this area had the highest proportion of detections before construction (0.10), followed by the period during construction (0.02), and then the period after construction and closure of Katrina Cut (<0.01). The post-closure location of highest activity for Bonnetheads shifted westward following the closure of Katrina Cut. Salinity values from a hydrographic model were higher at the Katrina Cut location in 2010 when the cut was open compared to 2011 and 2012 when the cut was closed, a potential explanation for the observed changes in Bonnethead distribution. Fluctuations in salinity post-closure of Katrina Cut may effect Bonnethead movements, although other factors, including seasonal migrations and/or the redistribution of their preferred prey, may also be important. Regardless of the mechanism, this rapid shift in distribution of Bonnetheads highlights the potential effect of anthropogenic activities on sharks using coastal environments.
Markets, Choices and Educational Change

Market forces have been widely proposed as a solution to the alleged inflexibilities and inefficiencies of school bureaucracies in a rapid changing postmodern world. Subjecting public education to the rules of the market arouses great passion among educational reformers, whether they are in favour or opposed. In this chapter, Boyd and Lugg review the arguments and, most importantly the evidence about the effects that market forces of school choice have had upon public education.
Estimating alpine snowpack properties using FMCW radar

Large variations in both snow water equivalent (SWE) and snow slope stability are known to exist in the alpine snowpack, caused by wind, topographic and microclimatic effects. This variability makes extrapolation of point measurements of snowpack properties difficult and prone to error, but these types of measurements are used to estimate SWE and stability across entire mountain ranges. Radar technology provides a promising alternative to point measurements, because large areas can be covered quickly and non-intrusively. There is great potential for obtaining information on a large spatial scale from airborne applications. Frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar measurements were made from the ground in several different alpine snowpacks, along with manual and in situ electrical measurements. The surface and ground reflections from the radar data, combined with an average density estimate, can provide a useful estimate of SWE. In addition, the locations of internal reflections are highly correlated with both visually identified layers and measured changes in in situ dielectric properties.
Metal toxicity to embryos and larvae of seven freshwater fish species--I. Cadmium.

The embryos and larvae of seven freshwater fish were exposed to low concentrations of cadmium in soft water. All species were killed or their growth retarded by concentrations ranging from about A to 12 μg Cd/liter. The larvae were consistently more sensitive than the embryos. The agreement between these results and those from lifecycle chronic toxicity studies indicates that embryo and larval exposures will give reliable estimates of the chronic toxicity of cadmium to additional fish species. A 60-day exposure period appears to be appropriate for determining larval sensitivity to cadmium.
A Sufficient Schedulability Test for Real-Time Software Transactional Memory

Transactional Memory (TM) is a mechanism to control access to shared resources in memory. Though originally implemented in hardware, software implementations of TM are now available as library extensions in major programming language. Lately, variants of software transactional memory (STM) with real-time support have been presented. As real-time STM begins to be increasingly used in commercial embedded systems, a good understanding of their temporal properties for ascertaining real-time guarantees is required. Unlike the classical models of preemptive or non-preemptive execution, in STM higher priority tasks can induce an abort cost in addition to the interference cost on preempted lower priority tasks. Due to the abort cost, several existing approaches developed for the classical model cannot be used to ascertain real-time guarantees in STM. In this paper, we convert the abort costs induced by higher priority tasks into new phantom tasks and transform the transactional execution model of STM into a pessimistic preemptive model. An existing iterative method to compute response time is then applied to determine schedulability. This approach is utilized to derive a polynomial time sufficient schedulability test for both the lazy and eager conflict detection polices of STM. Experiment results to validate the sufficient test and analyze its coverage are presented.
Tenancy in the Western States

Characteristics of the Western States, 364. — Low percentage of tenancy and low price of land, 365. — Decline in tenancy since 1900, 367. Percentage of tenancy greatest for farms of medium price, used for grain farming, 369. — Very low percentage of tenancy on fruit farms, 370. — Changes in tenancy in the West since 1880, 372. — In the United States at large a slow but certain increase of tenancy, 373. — Yet there is no tenant class; tenancy is a step toward ownership, 374. The relation between tenants and owners needs to be improved, 375.