cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Applications = Components + GLoo

We are advocating a component-oriented software development approach that provides support for a clear separation between the computational and the compositional entities of an application. This principle is best captured by the application building paradigm ''Applications = Components + Scripts.'' However, the biggest obstacle for a successful use of this maxim originates from the choice of the scripting mechanisms being used to define applications as compositions of reusable software components. In this paper, we analyze GLoo, a novel component-oriented programming framework, which derives its expressive power from an extensible and open-ended scripting language. The design of GLoo aims at a higher-level, scalable, and problem-oriented software development approach, which enables simultaneously both small-scale and large-scale software development through the definition of specially-designed domain sublanguages.
A Data Science Approach to Understanding Photovoltaic Module Degradation

The expected lifetime performance and degradation of photovoltaic (PV) modules is a major issue facing the levelized cost of electricity of PV as a competitive energy source. Studies that quantify the rates and mechanisms of performance degradation are needed not only for bankability and adoption of these promising technologies, but also for the diagnosis and improvement of their mechanistic degradation pathways. Towards this goal, a generalizable approach to degradation science studies utilizing data science principles has been developed and applied to c-Si PV modules. By combining domain knowledge and data derived insights, mechanistic degradation pathways are indicated that link environmental stressors to the degradation of PV module performance characteristics. Targeted studies guided by these results have yielded predictive equations describing rates of degradation, and further studies are underway to achieve this for additional mechanistic pathways of interest.
Proposed ultralow-energy dual photonic-crystal nanobeam devices for on-chip N x N switching, logic, and wavelength multiplexing

Silicon-on-insulator Mach-Zehnder interferometer structures that utilize a photonic crystal nanobeam waveguide in each of two connecting arms are proposed here as efficient 2 × 2 resonant, wavelength-selective electro-optical routing switches that are readily cascaded into on-chip N × N switching networks. A localized lateral PN junction of length ~2 μm within each of two identical nanobeams is proposed as a means of shifting the transmission resonance by 400 pm within the 1550 nm band. Using a bias swing ΔV = 2.7 V, the 474 attojoules-per-bit switching mechanism is free-carrier sweepout due to PN depletion layer widening. Simulations of the 2 × 2 outputs versus voltage are presented. Dual-nanobeam designs are given for N × N data-routing matrix switches, electrooptical logic unit cells, N × M wavelength selective switches, and vector matrix multipliers. Performance penalties are analyzed for possible fabrication induced errors such as non-ideal 3-dB couplers, differences in optical path lengths, and variations in photonic crystal cavity resonances.
Prominent Rate of Recent Emergency Department Visits among Patients Presenting with Ischemic Stroke: Missed Opportunity for Prevention? (P05.216)

OBJECTIVE: To report the rate of recent emergency department (ED) visits for patients who presented with ischemic stroke at a national level. BACKGROUND: Prominent rates of repeated recent emergency department visits for ischemic stroke cases. DESIGN/METHODS: Patients were identified using primary International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9-CM codes from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) for 5 consecutive years (2005-2009). NHAMCS is designed to collect data on the utilization and provision of care in emergency departments of hospitals in the United States. We analyzed the rate of ED visits (within 72 hours) of presentation to the ED with acute ischemic stroke. We also identified any differences in the demographic and clinical characteristics of those patients. RESULTS: There were 2,100,785 cases who presented with the diagnosis of ischemic stroke (IS). 61893 (3%) patients were seen in ED within the prior 72 hours before presenting with IS. This latter proportion of patients mostly aged ≥ 60 years (76.7% versus 75.4%, age groups, df = 7, p CONCLUSIONS: In a nationally representative study, a prominent proportion of patients were seen in the ED within the last preceding 72 hours before presenting with ischemic stroke. This observation suggests that emergent preventive measures may be possible by recognizing “at risk” period of ischemic stroke with the ED settings. Disclosure: Dr. El-Nashar has nothing to disclose. Dr. ATACH Investigators has nothing to disclose.
Symbiotic relationship analysis of predominant bacteria in a lab-scale anammox UASB bioreactor

In order to provide the comprehensive insight into the key microbial groups in anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process, high-throughput sequencing analysis has been used for the investigation of the bacterial communities of a lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) anammox bioreactor. Results revealed that 109 operational taxonomic units (OTUs; out of 14,820 reads) were identified and a domination of anammox bacteria of Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis (OTU474, 35.42 %), along with heterotrophs of Limnobacter sp. MED105 (OTU951, 14.98 %), Anerolinea thermophila UNI-1 (OTU465 and OTU833, 6.60 and 3.93 %), Azoarcus sp. B72 (OTU26, 9.47 %), and Ignavibacterium sp. JCM 16511 (OTU459, 8.33 %) were detected. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that Candidatus K. stuttgartiensis encountered gene defect in synthesizing a series of metabolic cofactors for growth, implying that K. stuttgartiensis is auxotrophic. Coincidentally, the other dominant species severally showed complete metabolic pathways with full set gene encoding to corresponding cofactors presented in the surrounding environment. Furthermore, it was likely that the survival of heterotrophs in the autotrophic system indicates the existence of a symbiotic and mutual relationship in anammox system.
Interpreting Oil and Gas Instruments

This article evaluates Texas jurisprudence governing the process by which courts purport to ascertain the intent of parties to contracts and conveyances. Although this article focuses on examples from the oil and gas industry, the same observations can be made regarding the interpretation of any contract or conveyance. The false analytical tool of "ambiguity" is examined as one of the many tautological platitudes that masquerade as analysis in the interpretive process. The use of "surrounding circumstances" evidence, as it relates to the historical context of the transaction in which the instrument was created, is examined as a frequently overlooked, but potentially determinative, adjunct to any interpretive process. The goal of this article is to demonstrate why parties and the courts should move beyond the tautological platitudes traditionally used to evaluate interpretive issues and consider "surrounding circumstances" and "historical context" evidence to properly interpret even "unambiguous" contracts and conveyances. Recognition of free will to enter into contracts and conveyances means little if the rights of the parties under the instruments they adopt are defined by processes that fail to seek their objective intent. Too often traditional interpretive processes, which rely upon the document's ambiguity to control what a court can consider to ascertain intent, excludes relevant and reliable evidence that could assist in accurately identifying the likely intent of the parties. When interpreting contracts and conveyances courts should focus on any objective evidence that can assist the court in determining what a reasonable person would have thought upon learning of the evidence being offered. The ultimate jurisprudential goal is to ascertain the intent of the parties to the instrument. "Intent" in this context means objective intent. Frequently, this objective intent can be ascertained only by taking a trip back in history and placing the court in the shoes of the parties at the time the instrument was made. Unless this is done, the court will often be allowing the rights of the parties to change with the mere passage of time, or with the substitution of the original parties.
Optical Techniques in Communication Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on optical techniques in communication systems. Many signal processing operations are derived from the basic optical configurations that perform Fourier transformations of two-dimensional signals. In such configurations, a two-dimensional transparency having a variable density or transmission is the input, whereas the light distribution in a second plane is the output. This configuration is important when the data on the input transparency require the use of two dimensions for adequate representation. Alternatively, it is possible to add a cylindrical lens to the configuration, thereby, transforming it into a basic configuration for performing a multiplicity of Fourier transforms. In this case, a number of parallel one-dimensional functions are written as transparencies onto an input transparency. The output consists of a number of parallel channels, each of which contains the spectrum analysis of a corresponding channel in the input plane. Thus, a multichannel spectrum analysis is achieved.
Ergonomics and bronchoscopy: a survey of the American Association of Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology.

Background: Ergonomics is defined by the United States Department of Labor as “the science of fitting workplace conditions and job demands to the capabilities of the working population.” Currently, there remains a deficiency in available data regarding the impact that musculoskeletal pain and ergonomics have within the field of pulmonary endoscopic procedures. We sought to define the impact of musculoskeletal pain and ergonomics in physicians with an interest in interventional pulmonology. Methods: A 25-question Internet-based survey was distributed to current members of the American Association of Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology. Results: A total of 199 surveys were distributed to members, with an overall response rate of 81% (161/199). The majority of respondents were male (85.6%) and classified themselves as interventional pulmonologists (49%). Musculoskeletal pain was present in 50.6% of the respondents, with a minority (12.3%) of respondents reporting significant adverse events related to this pain. Risks factors for work-related musculoskeletal pain included small glove size (P=0.01), younger age (P=0.02), and years in practice (P=0.01). Conclusion: The presence of musculoskeletal pain seems to be common within a cohort of pulmonologists performing procedures. Although only a minority of bronchoscopists experienced adverse events related to pain directly impacting patient care, long-term outcomes impacting both patient care and the long-term careers of physicians remain uncertain. Further research regarding the role of musculoskeletal pain and ergonomics remains paramount in the continued development of technology and equipment within the field.
Adaptive OFDM Radar Waveform Design for Improved Micro-Doppler Estimation

We analyze the performance of a wideband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal in estimating the micro-Doppler frequency of a rotating target having multiple scattering centers. The use of a frequency-diverse OFDM signal enables us to independently analyze the micro-Doppler characteristics with respect to a set of orthogonal subcarrier frequencies. We characterize the accuracy of micro-Doppler frequency estimation by computing the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) on the angular-velocity estimate of the target. Additionally, to improve the accuracy of the estimation procedure, we formulate and solve an optimization problem by minimizing the CRB on the angular-velocity estimate with respect to the OFDM spectral coefficients. We present several numerical examples to demonstrate the CRB variations with respect to the signal-to-noise ratios, number of temporal samples, and number of OFDM subcarriers. The improvement in estimation accuracy due to the adaptive waveform design is also analyzed numerically. A grid-based maximum likelihood estimation technique is applied to evaluate the corresponding mean-squared error performance.
Real-time Optical Monitoring of GaxIn1−xP/GaP Heterostructures on Silicon

In this paper we report the combined application of p-polarized reflectance spectroscopy (PRS), reflectance difference spectroscopy (RDS), and laser light scattering (LLS) to investigate the heteroepitaxy of GaxIn 1−xP/GaP on Si by pulsed chemical beam epitaxy (PCBE) with tertiarybutylphosphine (TBP), triethylgallium (TEG), and trimethylindium (TMI) precursors. Both, PRS and RDS follow the growth process with submonolayer resolution utilizing a periodic fine structure signal, which is caused by a periodic alteration of thickness and composition of an ultra-thin surface reaction layer during the periodic TEG and TBP exposure of the surface. After the transition from GaP growth to GaxIn 1−xP growth, the RDS oscillations are reoriented after about five precursor cycles in a new oscillation periodicity, where the response to the TBP pulse has the opposite direction. The ratio of the changes in the amplitudes of RDS signals as a response to TEG and TMI surface exposure is used to estimate the composition fo GaxIn 1−xP. The PRS fine structure is maintained after switching to GaxIn 1−xP growth with a separate feature for each TEG and TMI surface exposure. The amplitude ratio of these features changes during growth.
The long-term prognosis of spleen autotransplantation combined with lower esophagus transection in the treatment of hepatic cirrhosis complicated with portal hypertension

Objective:To study the long-term prognosis of spleen autotransplantation in retroperitoneum combined with lower esophagus transection in the treatment for hepatic cirrhosis induced portal hypertension. Methods:106 cases of portal hypertension were treated by pleen autotransplantation in retroperitoneum combined with lower esophagus transection. The general condition、spleen scanning (by 99mTc and 3D DEC MRA)、blood routine、 liver function、index of liver fibrosis、 serum Tuftsin and IgM levels were observed and compared with those before operation. Results:After operation, the patients' general condition was well. Long-term complications had no increase. Blood routine and liver function became normal. Serum Tuftsin, index of liver fibrosis and IgM levels had no change. Retroperitoneal transplanted spleen had extensive collateral circulation. Conclusion:Spleen autotransplantation combined with lower esophagus transection in the treatment of hepatic cirrhosis complicated with portal hypertension should be regarded as a main routine choose.
Volumetry Analyse Natrium Silicate

The mothed of quantitative analysis of silicon dioxide with silico-fluoride natrium volumetry is introduled and conditions are chosen.The method compared with state standard(GB4209-84) have better accuracy. So it may be used in production .
Play group psychotherapy for early latency-age children on an inpatient psychiatric unit.

(1979). Play Group Psychotherapy for Early Latency-Age Children on an Inpatient Psychiatric Unit. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 383-392.
Impairment of antimicrobial defenses following total body irradiation of mice

Abstract A standard subacute streptococcal infection spread more rapidly in C 57 black mice subjected to single total-body x-ray exposures in the LD 50 range than in nonirradiated controls. Cumulative mortality curves in the two groups were parallel but the average survival time was significantly reduced by irradiation. Using the average day of death as a criterion, impairment of resistance was apparent within twenty-four hours after irradiation at this dose level, increased to a maximum between three and seven days after irradiation, and gradually returned to normal by fifteen days after treatment. Penicillin in large doses started within twenty-four hours after infection was effective in eliminating deaths due to bacteremia in the irradiated mice, despite the presence of a profound leukopenia. Aureomycin was somewhat less effective at the dose levels studied. In a preliminary experiment, spleen shielding failed to protect C 57 black mice against the profound impairment of antimicrobial defenses caused by systemic irradiation. It has since been shown that this response may be genetically conditioned, in that spleen-shielding of mice of this strain confers relatively little protection against the lethal effect of radiation in contrast to the striking protection noted in other strains.
Factors Associated With Seeking Physician Care by Medicare Beneficiaries Who Receive All Their Primary Care From Nurse Practitioners.

Background: A shortage of primary care physicians has led to the alternative strategy of nurse practitioners (NPs) as primary care providers for the growing elderly population. Many states have imp...
An Outline of Ethical Theory

A chapter of this kind cannot give either a full or an original treatment of the topics it covers.1 Its goal is rather to provide a framework of theory for the rest of the book. It seems sensible to start by saying something about the meanings of central moral terms like “ought” and “good”, since these terms are going to play a large part in the argument of the book. The way to determine their meanings is to look at our usage of them, especially at the practices in which we engage in using them. This is largely a fact-finding investigation. We are not at this point recommending any usage, but trying to discover if there is any generally agreed way in which the words are used. Some people have accused this method of a bias towards conservatism, or of the tendency to maintain a practice just because it is the one we already have. But there is nothing to rule out our finding that we disapprove of some of the practices we discover, and therefore of the usages tied up with them. For there is a tie up. Some words with a moral content, like “gentleman” or “unAmerican”, will no doubt seem to some people so bound up with disreputable moral views that they should not be used at all. The fact that a word is used in a certain way in our society does not force us to continue using it that way, or to continue to use it at all. It is necessary only that we make as clear as we can what the sense is in which we are using it.
Respiratory complications of movement disorders

Introduction Movement disorders can be divided into hypokinetic disorders, manifested by paucity or slowness (bradykinesia) of movement, hyperkinetic disorders, dominated by excessive, abnormal involuntary movements, hypertonic disorders, such as spasticity and stiff person syndrome, and ataxia dominated by incoordination of movement (see Table 26.1). While in most patients the movement disorder is dominated by either parkinsonism, usually caused by Parkinson’s disease (PD), or some involuntary movement such as tremor, dystonia, chorea, tics, myoclonus, or stereotypy (Jankovic 2009a), non-motor, autonomic, or systemic features may accompany the primary motor disorder. In this chapter we will focus on respiratory problems encountered by patients with movement disorders and provide a guide to the clinical diagnosis, classification, and treatment. Hypokinetic movement disorders Hypokinetic movement disorders are divided into classical PD and atypical parkinsonism (also referred to as parkinsonism plus syndromes). Compared to PD patients, patientswith atypical parkinsonism usually lack the typical rest tremor, and tend to have a poor response to levodopa and a more rapid progression, as well as additional (“plus”) features, such as ophthalmoparesis in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and dysautonomia in multiple system atrophy (MSA) (Fahn et al . 2011).
Health-care provider communication with expectant parents during a prenatal diagnosis: an integrative review.

Health-care provider communication with expectant parents during a prenatal diagnosis: an integrative review
Examining facial recognition technology to augment the indoor navigation experience of individuals who are blind

Independent navigation is an important aspect in the lives of individuals who are blind. While orientation and mobility training often equip these individuals with skills for independent living, recent advances in navigation technologies could be used to augment the subjective quality of their navigation experience. In addition to outdoor navigation, blind individuals need to effectively navigate indoor spaces in different social contexts and environments. Moreover, they may need to identify the presence of known and unknown individuals in their vicinity in order to support social interactions (i.e. cueing the user to greet known individuals by name). Combining wearable solutions with computer vision and facial recognition (FR) technologies has the potential to help in this regard. However, only limited research has examined these technologies to inform the future design of assistive aids such that they meet the real world needs of this population. Research in this proposal aims to use a human-centric approach to understand both the technical and social aspects of FR technology and its integration with navigation aids. An optimal design framework will be sought in order to improve computer-vision-based navigation solutions for the blind community.
Sustaining Making in the Era of Accountability: STEM Integration Using E-Textiles Materials in a High School Physics Class

Maker-projects have often been implemented in K-12 schools to foster the emergence of identity, develop maker mindsets, fuel creation, and master STEM skills and content. This paper explores the ability of an electronic textiles, or e-textile, maker project to develop deeper science learning within a unit where computer science, technology, engineering, design, and physics intersect. Maker-project learning is often dedicated to bridging the areas that make up STEM, namely science, technology, engineering and mathematics. However, the content areas of science and mathematics are often less explored pillars within STEM while implementing maker-projects in a K-12 classroom. We look at how a unit on electricity in a high school physics classroom is taught using the programming of an Arduino microcontroller and electronic textile construction. In this way, the science in computer science is emphasized and understood from a physics perspective.
Using Root Cause Analysis in Public Policy Pedagogy

Defining policy problems is crucial to the policy process. The definition process is difficult because it relies more on craft developed through experience and intuition than on objective methodolo...
GENERAL STRESS-STRAIN-TIME FUNCTION FOR SOILS

The stress-strain-time behavior of soils may assume a variety of form depending on such factors as soil type, soil structure, stress history, drainage conditions, and type of loading. Generalizations concerning creep in soils suggested by various investigators are sometimes contradictory. However, test results show that there exist linear relationships between logarithm of strain rate and logarithm of time for a given stress and between logarithm of strain rate and stress at any given time, provided the creep stress level is between the practical limits of about 30% to 90% of the initial soil strength. These findings lead to a simple three-parameter general stress-strain-rate-time relationship. Integration of this relationship yields creep curves which are observed to agree in form with the experimental results.
BIOMECHANICAL INFLUENCES OF A POSTURAL COMPRESSION GARMENT ON SCAPULAR POSITIONING

Background The scapula is a critical link utilized in the kinetic chain to achieve efficient overhead movement and transfer energy from the lower extremity to the upper extremity. Additionally, daily activities such as sitting at a computer or driving in a car may negatively influence an individual's ability to maintain proper body posture and therefore compromise those movements. To reduce these negative influences, posture garments have been designed to cue the individual in maintaining and improving posture and alignment, specifically targeting scapular positioning. Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare scapular positioning between an IntelliSkin™ posture-cueing compression garment and a generic performance garment on scapular kinematics during static standing.Study Design: Case control. Methods Forty active females (1.68 ± 0.07 m; 67.29 ± 11.25 kg) stood in a natural standing position while wearing two different garments: IntelliSkin™ posture-cueing compression garment and a generic performance garment. Kinematic data were collected at 100 Hz using an electromagnetic tracking system (trakSTAR™, Ascension Technologies, Inc., Burlington, VT, USA) synced with The MotionMonitor® (Innovative Sports Training, Chicago, IL., USA). Results Repeated measures ANOVAs revealed a statistically significant Shirt by Side interaction for scapular protraction/retraction (F(1,39) = 52.91, p ≤ 0.05) and main-effect of Shirt for scapula anterior/posterior tilt (F(1,39) = 96.45, p ≤ 0.05). Individuals showed increased retraction and posterior tilt while wearing the IntelliSkin™ posture-cueing compression garment. Conclusion The results of the current study indicate that the IntelliSkin™ posture-cueing compression garment improved scapular positioning during static standing posture. The IntelliSkin™ posture-cueing compression garment may provide clinicians an adjunct strategy to include with rehabilitative protocols. Level of evidence Diagnosis, Level 3.
Online Animal (Auto-)Biographies: What Does It Mean When We “Give Animals a Voice?”

This chapter looks at why and how animals are so prominently featured in social media today, and what the implications are both for those animals and for animals in general. It addresses the ways in which online animals serve as more than just the feline, canine, or porcine face and voice of a human writer, but can work to promote better treatment of animals. This chapter suggests that online animal biographies may create space for a new understanding of animal subjectivity which can lead to real changes for animals. By creating and following animals on social media, we give these animals a social presence which may result in concrete changes for the animals behind the profiles.
Effective Features Selection and Machine Learning Classifiers for Improved Wireless Intrusion Detection

Machine learning algorithms are effective means applied to wireless intrusion detection systems (WIDS) in an attempt to protect computing resources against unauthorized access. A key aspect for an improved WIDS based on machine learning classification is features selection. This paper considers multiclass classification that utilizes four effective features sets of 32, 10, 7 and 5 features, respectively. The classes represent 15 types of 802.11 MAC layer attacks, and the features represent 802.11 frame fields information. The experimental results utilized the Aegean Wi-Fi Intrusion Dataset (AWID) to evaluate the performance of seven well-known machine learning classifiers, namely, AdaBoost, Random Forest, Random Tree, J48, logit Boost, Multi-Layer Perceptron, and ZeroR with respect to the selected features set. The presented work outperforms previous related work in terms of number of classes, features and accuracy. The proposed system using the Random Forest algorithm and 32 features achieves a maximum accuracy of 99.64%. By using logit Boost with five features, we achieved a maximum accuracy of 99.53%.
HOW MUCH IS TOO MUCH? MANAGING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS IN ATHLETES WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

The presence of coronary artery disease in highly active individuals has been well documented as early as the 1970s, but the management remains controversial. Acute coronary syndrome is by far the leading cause of sudden cardiac death in athletes > 35 years old, and it is frequently precipitated by
CH 17 – Behavior modification

Publisher Summary Behavior modification, or behavior therapy as it is sometimes called, is a very general term referring to a group of intervention techniques for controlling behavior. This chapter presents behavior modification as a prime example of the application of laboratory-based principles to the problems of the world outside the laboratory. This chapter focuses on those intervention techniques that draw heavily upon the concepts and principles of learning psychology. The application of such concepts as positive and negative reinforcement, extinction, and punishment is presented in the chapter. Positive reinforcement may be defined as anything that, when given to the subject, will increase the probability of a response occurring. Negative reinforcement involves the building of a response through the removal of unpleasant stimuli. Avoidance conditioning procedures have been used successfully with many behaviors, including social responses, alcoholism, fetishism, transvestitism, epileptic seizures, and enuresis. Extinction refers to a decrease in response strength through repeated non-reinforcement. The removal of reinforcers has been shown to reduce many human behaviors such as compulsions, deviant sex-role behaviors, aggressive behaviors, and vomiting.
A Process and Rubric for a Group to Review the Quality of a Medical Education Course/Clerkship.

Introduction Reviewing elements of a curriculum, such as courses and clerkships in medical school, is an essential part of the quality improvement process. Yet there is a gap in the literature in t...
Crash modification factors for adaptive traffic signal control: An Empirical Bayes before-after study

Adaptive traffic signal control (ATSC) is a novel traffic management system that is often deployed at high-volume intersections in order to mitigate traffic congestion and improve travel time reliability. While past studies have demonstrated its operational effectiveness, relatively few have focused on safety performance. Those that have tend to suffer from limitations including small sample sizes, insufficient study designs, or the lack of consideration of potential temporal and corridor effects after ATSC installation. Furthermore, results from previous studies are mixed: while many studies point to a safety improvement, more recent studies seem to indicate that ATSC systems might increase crash frequency. In light of this, a comprehensive Empirical Bayes (EB) before-after observational study was conducted using ATSC data collected throughout Pennsylvania. Crash modification factors (CMFs) were estimated based on the following different case scenarios: crash severity levels and crash types (total, fatal and injury, rear-end, and angle crashes); intersection locations (all intersections and intersections along corridors only); and, intersection configurations (3-leg and 4-leg). Temporal trends for intersection-level CMFs were examined using annual crash data in the after period. Corridor-level CMFs were also developed to quantify changes in safety performance along corridors with ATSC installed. The results suggest that ATSC is associated with a nominal increase in total and angle crashes, and an expected decrease in fatal plus injury crashes and rear-end crashes. However, the results were not statistically significant. The safety effect estimates are similar when considering intersection locations and configurations. In addition, the temporal trend analysis indicates that the safety effectiveness does not vary annually in the after period, suggesting no obvious novelty effect associated with ATSC. Finally, the magnitude of the corridor-level CMFs are slightly lower than the intersection-level CMFs, except for rear-end crashes.
AUTORADIOGRAPHIC LOCALIZATION OF MONOAMINE OXIDASE IN CARDIOVASCULAR TISSUES

Autoradiographic localization of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in cardiovascular tissues of the rat demonstrated the presence of MAO in myocardial cells, in capillary endothelial cells and in smooth muscle cells of coronary arteries. Ultrastructurally, MAO was found to be specifically associated with outer mitochondrial membranes.
Resilience for All: Striving for Equity through Community-Driven Design: by Barbara Brown Wilson, Washington, DC, Island Press, 2018, 215 pp., $37 (paperback), ISBN-13: 978-1-61091-892-3

The past two decades have seen growing interest in community-engaged design and planning. Scholarship in this area can be categorized into several strands, including (1) public interest design (Abe...
The French Connection: Wagner and the Opéra

This article considers the nature of the first draft of the synopsis-in French, as Le Hollandais volant-of what became Der fliegende Hollander; the sale of that synopsis to the new director of the Opera, Leon Pillet (identifying the journalist and administrator who arranged the sale); the use made of the synopsis-very little-by the eventual authors of the French opera, Le Vaisseau fantome; and the genesis of the revised ending of the Hollander (the Tristan-Schluss) set down at the time of Wagner’s concerts in Paris in 1860.
Cannabis Product Ingestions in Pediatric Patients: Ranges of Exposure, Effects, and Outcomes

Pediatric exposures to cannabis edibles have been associated with serious adverse effects, such as respiratory depression. Yet, their incidence and relationship to exposure characteristics are not well defined. We attempt to describe the temporal, demographic, and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with edible cannabis exposures and examine the relationship between these characteristics and two clinical outcomes: need for respiratory support and hospital admission. A retrospective chart review was conducted at a single, tertiary care academic medical center covering a 28-month period. Inclusion criteria were: evaluation in the ED, age <18 years at the time of presentation, and physician documented exposure to edible cannabis. Exclusion criteria were: known or suspected co-ingestion of other substances. Thirty-two cases of edible cannabis ingestions were identified. Age <10 years was associated with bradypnea, hypertension, hospital admission, and respiratory support. Use of respiratory support was significantly associated with the presence of lethargy, bradypnea, hypercarbia, seizure, and hypertension. There was a five-fold increase in the number of pediatric edible cannabis exposures after recreational cannabis dispensaries opened in Massachusetts. Five patients (16%) required respiratory support and eleven (34%) required hospital admission. There was a low incidence of need for respiratory support in our population, but hospital admission was more common. Severe symptoms (including lethargy and respiratory depression), need for respiratory support and hospital admission were more frequent in younger children. Exposures occurred with increasing frequency over time. Larger studies are needed to explore the relationship between THC dosage, age, and incidence of adverse outcomes.
The Future Is Open and Shapable: Using Solar Speculative Fiction to Foster Learner Agency:

Speculative fiction is a powerful medium to explore possible futures, inviting literacy researchers and educators to consider the value of futures thinking as a tool for eliciting learners’ hopeful...
Taking the Pulse of the Sun

The Sun is playing a secret melody, hidden inside itself, that produces a widespread throbbing motion of its surface. The sounds are coursng through the Sun’s interior, causing the entire globe, or parts of it, to nove in and out, slowly and rhythmically like the regular rise and fall of ides in a bay or of a beating heart (see Fig. 4.1)! This astonishing discovery has been the result of a long, productive interplay between unexpectd or unique observations, often with new instrumental techniques, and heoretical explanations or predictions.
Direction of reading of the genetic message

Aided by Grants AM-01845, AM-08953, and l-Sol-FR-05099 from the National Institutes o f Health, United States Public Health Service, and E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company, Inc. A preliminary report o f this work was presented at the Second Meeting o f the Federation o f European Biochemical Societies (symposium on “Ribonucleic Acid-Structure and Function”), Vienna, April 21 to 24, 1965.
Historical Perspectives on Rural Social Work: Implications for Curriculum Development

Abstract Curriculum development must proceed from criteria that validate the inclusion or exclusion of a given content. The lack of a single focus for rural practice has heightened the difficulty of determining which content must be included in training efforts. In spite of this practice diffusion, the history of the rural field renders a number of suggestions for social work program development. This historiographic essay delineates the status of social work practice and education in rural communities from its inception in 1908 to the present day, and suggests the implications of the historical data for the development of educational programs for the rural field.
CHAMP, mass displacements, and the Earth's rotation

The angular momentum of the atmosphere and oceans changes as both the distribution of mass within the atmosphere and oceans changes and as the direction and speed of the winds and currents change. Since, in the absence of external torques, the angular momentum of the solid Earth-atmosphere-ocean system is conserved, the changing atmospheric and oceanic angular momentum will cause the solid Earth’s angular momentum to change, or, in other words, will cause the Earth’s rotation to change. The changing distribution of mass within the atmosphere and oceans also causes the Earth’s gravitational field to change, an effect being measured by the CHAMP satellite mission. By measuring changes in the second-degree spherical harmonic coefficients of the Earth’s gravitational field, which are related to the elements of the Earth’s inertia tensor, CHAMP is, in effect, directly measuring changes in the Earth’s rotation caused by mass redistribution. Thus, independent measurements of the Earth’s rotation can, in principle, be used to validate the time-varying second-degree coefficients of the Earth’s gravitational field measured by CHAMP after the effects of winds and currents on the Earth’s rotation are removed. In addition, and perhaps surprisingly, the effects of sufficiently large earthquakes on the trace of the Earth’s inertia tensor must also be removed from length of day measurements before comparing them to observed changes in the second-degree zonal gravitational field coefficient.
The promoter, transcriptional unit, and coding sequence of herpes simplex virus 1 family 35 proteins are contained within and in frame with the UL26 open reading frame.

The herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) genome specifies an abundant capsid protein which in denaturing gels forms multiple bands designated family 35 proteins (D.K. Braun, B. Roizman, and L. Pereira, J. Virol. 49:142-153, 1984). Nucleotide-sequencing studies have assigned the coding sequences of these proteins to the open reading frame UL26 (D.J. McGeoch, M.A. Dalrymple, A.J. Davidson, A. Dolan, M.C. Frame, D. McNab, L.J. Perry, J.E. Scott, and P. Taylor, J. Gen. Virol. 69:1531-1574, 1988). IN studies reported here, a series of plasmid constructs containing deletions or insertions of an alpha 4 promoter or of a sequence encoding a cytomegalovirus epitope reacting with a mouse monoclonal antibody revealed the following: the open reading frame previously designated UL26 encodes two proteins which share amino acid sequences, and each coding domain is contained in its own transcriptional unit that terminates at a common, unique poly(A) site. On the basis of the transcription initiation site (+1), it was predicted that the UL26 open reading frame encodes a protein of 635 amino acids, and a protein with an apparent molecular weight of approximately 75,000 has been identified. The second transcriptional unit, designated UL26.5, predicted to specify a protein of 329 amino acids, encodes the family 35 proteins; it is transcribed by an mRNA which initiates at approximately nucleotide +1000 of the UL26 transcription initiation site and is translated from the methionine initiation codon located at position +1099 of the UL26 transcriptional unit. The DNA fragment comprising the sequences downstream of the HpaI cleavage site (+832 of UL26) contains both the promoter and the coding sequence of family 35 proteins and is both competent and efficient in expressing the proteins in transfected cells superinfected with HSV-1 or HSV-2.
Geospatial assessment of potential bioenergy crop production on urban marginal land

Abstract Urban marginal land can be used for growing high yield bioenergy crops such as miscanthus and poplar. Here, a GIS-based modeling framework was created to assess potential urban marginal lands in Boston that include vacant lands and under-utilized public and private areas with adequate soil quality and sunlight. Using ArcGIS model builder as a spatial analysis tool, land parcels were screened for typical urban features such as buildings, driveways, parking lots, water and protected areas. The resultant layer was subjected to bio-geophysical modeling that includes soil quality, slope analysis and finally shadow analysis. Approximately 2660 ha of potential marginal land was identified as suitable, representing 24% of total land area in Boston. Using crop yield information, it was estimated that this marginal land could be used to produce up to a total of nearly 42,130 tons of high yield short rotation poplar biomass in a regular growing season. Also, bioenergy potential calculation revealed that for short rotation poplar, this amount of biomass can potentially yield up to 745 TJ (LHV) to 830 (HHV) TJ of yearly primary energy for the city of Boston that can be used for heat or electricity production, particularly for microgrid or district heating applications. This is equivalent to ∼0.6% of Massachusetts primary energy demand for 2012. Ongoing work will explore other urban regions of Massachusetts and the Eastern US that might be able to fulfill part of their energy demand locally while providing benefits in environmental quality, economic development, and urban resilience.
Phantasmagoric 9/11: Blowback and the Limits of Resistance in Thomas Pynchon's Against the Day

Pynchon's Against the Day (2006) displaces and defamiliarizes the attacks on the World Trade Center and their aftermath, positioning the reader between a pair of funhouse mirrors, one backlit with the specter of 9/11 and the other with an early twentieth-century history of anticapitalist insurgency—with the two reflections bi-locating the reader within their surreal temporal overlap.
Genomes to Life''Center for Molecular and Cellular Systems'': A research program for identification and characterization of protein complexes.

Goal 1 of Department of Energy's Genomes to Life (GTL) program seeks to identify and characterize the complete set of protein complexes within a cell. Goal 1 forms the foundation necessary to accomplish the other objectives of the GTL program, which focus on gene regulatory networks and molecular level characterization of interactions in microbial communities. Together this information would allow cells and their components to be understood in sufficient detail to predict, test and understand the responses of a biological system to its environment. The Center for Molecular and Cellular Systems has been established to identify and characterize protein complexes using high through-put analytical technologies. A dynamic research program is being developed that supports the goals of the Center by focusing on the development new capabilities for sample preparation and complex separations, molecular level identification of the protein complexes by mass spectrometry, characterization of the complexes in living c...
Pseudophosphatases: grab and hold on

Catalytically inactive pseudophosphatases are able to signal in the absence of enzymatic activity. Analyzing the oocyte-to-zygote transition in the worm, Cheng et al. (2009) and Parry et al. (2009) now show how two pseudophosphatases, EGG-4 and EGG-5, can regulate signaling by the DYRK family kinase MBK-2.
Jet characteristics in confined swirling flow

Jets in confined swirling flow are investigated in a facility where the swirling flow in the tube is produced by a vane-type swirler. The jet is located centrally in the swirler, and the diameter ratio of the tube to the jet is ∼ 14. Both the jet and the swirling flow are fully turbulent. Results show that the confined jet is highly dissipative in nature. Consequently, the flow in the tube does not resemble a free jet with axial pressure gradient. The presence of swirl increases the rate of dissipation and the jet decays even faster. A fairly isotropic turbulence field is observed in the confined swirling flow. However, the introduction of the jet does not significantly affect this behavior and near isotropy of the turbulence field is again observed at ∼ 30 jet diameters downstream.
EXTRACTION OF ALKALINE EARTH AND ACTINIDE CATIONS BY MIXTURES OF DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) ALKYLENEDIPHOSPHONIC ACIDS AND NEUTRAL SYNERGISTS

ABSTRACT The synergistic extraction of alkaline earth (Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+ and Ra2+) and actinide (Am3+, UO2 2+ and Th4+) cations from aqueous nitric acid solutions by mixtures of P,P′-di(2-ethylhexyl) methylene-(H2DEH[MDP]), ethylene-(H2DEH[EDP]), and butylene-(H2DEH[BuDP]) diphosphonic acids and neutral extractants in o-xylene has been investigated. The cis-syn-cis and cis-anti-cis stereoisomers of dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DCH18C6), the unsubstituted 21-crown-7 (21C7) and dicyclohexano-21-crown-7 (DCH21C7) were used as neutral synergists of the crown ether type. For Am(III) synergistic effects were also investigated using neutral organophosphorus esters, such as, tri-n-butylphosphate (TBP), diamyl amylphosphonate (DA[AP]) and tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) as co-extractants. In all systems investigated, no synergistic extraction enhancement was observed for actinide ions. For the alkaline earth cations, synergistic effects were only observed when mixtures of H2DEH[EDP] or H2DEH-[BuDP] with DCH18C6 were...
Improving Throughput of Power-Constrained Many-Core Processors Based on Unreliable Devices

Using slightly less device-level redundancy than is necessary to make all processor cores defect free actually makes cores smaller, faster, and more power efficient. Under the same power and yield constraints, a carbon nanotube processor with less device-level redundancy can provide 1.75x higher throughput, while also being nearly 2x smaller than a similar processor that has more device-level redundancy and makes all cores defect free.
Berry-Esseen-Type Bounds for Signed Linear Rank Statistics with a Broad Range of Scores

The Berry-Esseen-type bounds of order $N^{-1/2}$ for the rate of convergence to normality are derived for the signed linear rank statistics under the hypothesis of symmetry. The results are obtained with a broad range of regression constants and scores (allowed to be generated by discontinuous score generating functions, but not necessarily) restricted by only mild conditions, while almost all previous results are obtained with continuously differentiable score generating functions. Furthermore, the proof is very short and elementary, based on the conditioning argument.