cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How to Read a Literary Visualisation: Network Effects in the Lake School of Romantic Poetry

Robert Southey, a member of “the Lake School” of poetry—really, the first “avant garde” in the history of English literature—was as prolific a letter writer as he was of poetry and prose during the Romantic era in England, roughly 1780-1830: “to write to a dear friend,” Southey says, “is to me like escaping from prison.” A massive digital scholarly edition is underway, The Collected Letters of Robert Southey. It is divided into eight Parts: I:1791-1797, II:1798-1803, III:1804-09, IV:1810-15, V:1816-21, VI:1822-27, VII:1828-33, VIII:1833-39. Currently Parts I and II have been completely edited and made available to the public. These letters capture a set of intellectual, amicable, and financial relationships established while Southey lived in and traveled away from his home base of Bristol in “the West Country,” before he actually moved to the Lake District. Because each person and place name in the letters was encoded using TEI P5, we have been able to create a data set that indicates who is mentioned in letters to whom. That data set was fed into a Directed and Undirected Graph to be visualized, which is available to see and manipulate online here (http://dhhub.org/demos/voyeur/). Robert Southey, un membre ""the Lake School""—consideres comme la premiere "avant-garde" de l'histoire de la litterature anglaise—etait un ecrivain aussi prolifique en lettres qu'en poesie et en prose durant la periode romantique en Angleterre, soit entre 1780 et 1830 : "ecrire a un ami cher", disait Southey, "est pour moi comme s'echapper de prison." Une edition erudite numerique massive, The Collected Letters of Robert Southey, est en cours d'elaboration. Elle est divisee en huit parties : I :1791-1797, II :1798-1803, III :1804-09, IV :1810-15, V :1816-21, VI :1822-27, VII :1828-33, VIII :1833-39. Actuellement les parties I et II ont ete entierement revisees et rendues publiques. Ces lettres reproduisent un ensemble de relations intellectuelles, amicales et financieres que Southey a etablies alors qu'il habitait a Bristol dans "le West Country," et au cours de ses voyages, avant qu'il s'installe dans le Lake District. Etant donne que chaque personne et nom de lieu dans les lettres est encode en utilisant TEI P5, nous avons ete en mesure de creer un ensemble de donnees indiquant qui est mentionne dans les lettres adressees a quelles personnes. Cet ensemble de donnees a ete alimente dans un graphe oriente et non oriente pour etre visualise, que l'on peut voir et manipuler en ligne (http://dhhub.org/demos/voyeur/).
Early Learning and Intelligence

There are three important ways that learning in infancy might be related to what could be termed an infant’s intelligence. For one, early learning experiences might be determined by the level of intelligence of the infant. If that were so, then the amount and/or form of early learning could be expected to reveal something about the level of the infant’s intelligence that existed at the time of the learning. Another way a relationship could exist between early learning and intelligence is if intelligence were an effect as opposed to a cause of learning. Were that the case, then one could expect to observe some appreciable relationship between the amount and/or form of early learning and the infant’s subsequent level of intelligence. Finally, and quite separate from being either a cause or an effect of intelligence, early learning might yet stand in a useful predictive relationship to later expressions of intelligence. In this chapter each of these three potential relations between infant learning and intelligence is considered with respect to past and future relevant research. Before we turn to that discussion, however, it is necessary to say a few words about what is meant by learning and intelligence as these terms are used in this chapter.
Multi-objective fast messy genetic algorithm solving deception problems

Deception problems are among the hardest problems to solve using ordinary genetic algorithms. Recent studies show that Bayesian optimization can help in solving these problems. This work compares the results acquired from the multiobjective fast messy genetic algorithm (MOMGA-II), multiobjective Bayesian optimization algorithm (mBOA), and the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) when applied to three different deception problems. The three deceptive problems studies are: interleaved minimal deceptive problem, interleaved 5-bit trap function, and the interleaved 6-bit bipolar function. The unmodified MOMGA-II, by design, explicitly learns building block linkages which is required if an algorithm is to solve these hard deception problems. Preliminary results using the MOMGA-II are favorable.
Suppression of the Killer Phenotype in USTILAGO MAYDIS

Nineteen sensitive cell lines of U. maydis were crossed with three killer strains and sample progenies were screened for killer segregation patterns. Crosses involving 11 lines gave killer frequencies ranging from 71%-100% of the progeny and 4:0 segregations in tetrads. Segregations in some crosses involving each of the remaining 8 lines gave killer frequencies from 0%-58% and mixed tetrads containing both non-killer and killer meiotic products. Many of the killers were unstable on further culture. Killer suppression showed varying degrees of specificity, appeared to be cytoplasmically determined for at least one strain, and was associated with possession of dsRNA in this strain and one other. No dsRNA was detected in two other suppressive strains. There was no evidence for segregation of nuclear maintainer genes for any of the killer determinants.
Early postoperative use of unfractionated heparin or enoxaparin is associated with increased surgical re-exploration for bleeding

Background A variety of indications (eg, prosthetic heart valves, atrial fibrillation, etc.) exist for the use of unfractionated heparin (UFH) and enoxaparin (ENOX) in the early postoperative period following open-heart surgery. However, the overall postoperative risk for hemorrhage from the use of UFH and ENOX are not known. Methods From 1998 to 2001, 2,977 consecutive open-heart or valve surgery patients were retrospectively evaluated. Postoperatively, 2,037 received no UFH or ENOX, 579 received intravenous UFH, and 361 received ENOX. Baseline characteristics were collected, patients who required surgical re-exploration for postoperative bleeding and time between surgery and re-exploration were followed-up. Results Average patient ages were 64 ± 13, 65 ± 12, and 68 ± 10 years receiving none, UFH ( p p p p p p = 0.07). For those requiring re-exploration, the interval between surgery and first re-exploration was prolonged (> 4 days) among those receiving ENOX (37.5%, odds ratio=36.7; p = 0.001) and UFH (20.0%, odds ratio=14.7; p = 0.01) compared with none (1.8%). Prolonged times with ENOX had a greater proportion of prolonged times than UFH (odds ratio=2.5; p = 0.09). Conclusions Early postoperative use of ENOX and UFH is associated with a significant increase in re-exploration for postoperative bleeding, often at a significantly delayed time period after the initial surgery. This delay was especially common with ENOX suggesting the need for prospective studies.
Numerical simulations in stochastic mechanics.

The stochastic differential equation of Nelson's stochastic mechanics is integrated numerically for several simple quantum systems. The calculations are performed with use of Helfand and Greenside's method and pseudorandom numbers. The resulting trajectories are analyzed both individually and collectively to yield insight into momentum, uncertainty principles, interference, tunneling, quantum chaos, and common models of diatomic molecules from the stochastic quantization point of view. In addition to confirming Shucker's momentum theorem, these simulations illustrate, within the context of stochastic mechanics, the position-momentum and time-energy uncertainty relations, the two-slit diffraction pattern, exponential decay of an unstable system, and the greater degree of anticorrelation in a valence-bond model as compared with a molecular-orbital model of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$. The attempt to find exponential divergence of initially nearby trajectories, potentially useful as a criterion for quantum chaos, in a periodically forced oscillator is inconclusive. A way of computing excited energies from the ground-state motion is presented. In all of these studies the use of particle trajectories allows a more insightful interpretation of physical phenomena than is possible within traditional wave mechanics.
Anisotropic Mass Diffusion in Liquid Crystals

Abstract Self and binary mass diffusion in smectic, nematic and cholesteric liquid crystals was studied experimentally. The diffusing molecules were tagged with C-14 radioactive isotopes and the time course of their distribution in a modified Loschmidt cell was determined by liquid scintillation counting. Diffusion coefficients were obtained as functions of temperature and the strength of an applied magnetic field, which increased (when parallel to mass flux) or decreased (when perpendicular) the diffusion rate in nematic p-azoxyanisole. Application of a static electric field resulted in chaotic convection. The experimental results indicate that a mass of about 5 × 10−12 g (a swarm) is the unit of cooperative orientation in nematic p-azoxyanisole and that the microscopic fluctuations in the concentration gradient are independent of the fluctuations in the orientation of swarms.
Classification of steady-state and dynamic behavior of distributed reactor models

Abstract Singularity theory is combined with the Liapunov-Schmidt reduction and the shooting method to present a systematic procedure that may be used to classify the steady-state and dynamic behavior of distributed reactor models. The method is applicable to problems of diffusion-reaction, convection-reaction and diffusion-convection-reaction, dependent on one spatial coordinate and involves the numerical computation of various singularities (hysteresis, isola, double zero and double or degenerate Hopf loci). The usefulness of the present approach is demonstrated by applying it to four classical examples from chemical reactor theory. The first example deals with the problem of diffusion and reaction in a porous catalyst particle (slab geometry) with no external heat and mass transfer resistances (Dirichlet model). Here, the different loci divide the parameter space into six regions corresponding to six different bifurcation diagrams. It is observed that in the physically feasible parameter region, the catalyst particle model is more likely to exhibit oscillatory behavior when the reacting fluid is a liquid. The second example is the convection-reaction model of a cooled tubular reactor with recycle. It is shown that for the non-adiabatic case, the hysteresis, isola, double-zero and double Hopf loci divide the parameter space into thirty three different regions, each corresponding to a different bifurcation diagram. The cooled recycle reactor can exhibit both low and high temperature oscillations for realistic parameter values. The third example considers a diffusion-convection-reaction model of a tubular reactor with axial dispersion of heat and mass. For the adiabatic case, the parameter space of the model is divided, as in the catalyst particle model, into six regions corresponding to different bifurcation diagrams. The steady-state model of cooled tubular reactor is shown to be described by a single intrinsic state variable only in the limiting case of negligible axial dispersion of mass. This limiting model is examined and it is shown that oscillatory solutions are possible on the ignited high conversion branch for realistic values of the parameters. Finally, two autothermal reactor models with internal and external heat exchange are considered. Once again the parameter space is divided into six regions and for realistic parameter values no oscillatory behavior is exhibited.
Cake division with minimal cuts: Envy-free procedures for three persons, four persons, and beyond

Abstract The minimal number of parallel cuts required to divide a cake into n pieces is n−1. A new 3-person procedure, requiring two parallel cuts, is given that produces an envy-free division, whereby each person thinks he or she receives at least a tied-for-largest piece. An extension of this procedure leads to a 4-person division, using three parallel cuts, which makes at most one person envious. Finally, a 4-person envy-free procedure is given, but it requires up to five parallel cuts, and some pieces may be disconnected. All these procedures improve on extant procedures by using fewer moving knives, making fewer people envious, or using fewer cuts.
Dopaminergic neurons in the rat ventral tegmental area. II. Evidence for autoregulation

Abstract Previous studies have shown that the firing activity of A10 DA neurons are depressed following antidromic stimulation of the NAc. This study present data showing that the N Ac-induced effect might be mediated by a direct DA dendrodendritic and/ or axon collateral inhibitory system. The evidence may be summarized as follows: 1. (1) the response of A10 DA neurons to stimulation of the Nac depended upon antidromic invasion of DA fibers; either destruction of DA projections or acutely blocked DA transmission by 6-OHDA prevented the depressant response of the great majority of A10 cells to NAc-stimulation, 2. (2) DA antagonists either blocked or markedly reduced NAc-induced depressant effect on identified A10 DA neurons, and 3. (3) iontophoresis of DA consistently inhibited firing of identified A10 DA neurons. However, destruction of neuronal perikarya in the NAc by ibotenic acid also caused a reduction of NAc-induced effect. The latter finding suggests that in addition to the DA autoregulatory system in the VTA, afferent inputs from the NAc may also contribute to the NAc-induced depressant effect on A10 DA cells.
Hamster pineal noradrenaline: Levels over a regulated lighting period and the influence of superior cervical ganglionectomy☆

Abstract Adult male hamsters were sacrificed in groups at 4 hour intervals over a 24 hour period. In one Experiment adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were also sacrificed. No statistically significant daily changes in noradrenaline (NA) content were observed in the hamster pineal in three separate experiments. On the other hand, a very significant daily change in NA content was observed in the rat pineal. Bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy depleted NA in the hamster pineal. Marked daily changes in pineal NA may be peculiar to the rat.
Validating the cognitive complexity and content quality of a mathematics performance assessment

Abstract This chapter reports on the development of a mathematics performance assessment, and the validation of the cognitive complexity and the content quality of the assessment. A brief overview of the project is presented. The specification of the content and processes for the assessment is then reviewed, after which the major theme of the chapter is addressed: Validation of the cognitive complexity and content quality of the assessment tasks. Three sources of validity evidence are discussed: Logical analysis of task content and expected performance; internal and external expert review; and qualitative analysis of actual students' responses to the tasks. In addition, comments are made on several ways in which the results of the validation analyses are used both for internal project purposes and for feedback to teachers.
Modulation of aromatase and P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme activities of human placental cytotrophoblasts by insulin and insulin-like growth factor I.

The placenta is the primary source of estrogens and progesterone during pregnancy. Because pregnant diabetic women are reported to have lower serum estrogen and higher progesterone concentrations than nondiabetic pregnant women, we studied the roles of insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in the regulation of human cytotrophoblastic aromatase and P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450 SCC) activities. Incubation of cytotrophoblasts with insulin or IGF-I for 24 h significantly inhibited the conversion of androstenedione to estrogens by approximately 20-40%. Insulin and IGF-I suppressed aromatization at doses as low as 20 and 10 ng/ml, respectively. Insulin's suppressive effect was demonstrable only after 18-22 h of incubation, suggesting an effect of insulin on aromatase protein mass rather than on aromatase activity. Cytotrophoblasts pretreated with insulin for 24 h possessed 23-30% less aromatase activity than control cells, as quantitated directly by the specific release of 3H2O from [3H] and...
Type Synthesis of Torsional Mass Dampers as Anti-Galloping Devices by Using Planar Four-Bar Mechanisms

The type synthesis of torsional mass dampers (TMDs for short) as anti-galloping devices is very import for the safe operation of power grid. In this paper, the TMDs are considered as passive robotic manipulators, with the aim of introducing planar four-bar mechanisms into the synthesis of TMDs. By utilizing one planar four-bar mechanism or two planar four-bar mechanisms in a single TMDs, 6 TMDs with symmetrical structures and 18 TMDs with non-symmetrical structures are synthesized, which may improve the reasonable applications of the TMDs for the solving the anti-galloping issue of power grid.
Collisions or Electrons? Protein Sequence Analysis in the 21st Century

How dissociation is effected determines the upstream sample handling whereas the spectral features it produces regulate the downstream informatics approach. (To listen to a podcast about this feature, please go to the Analytical Chemistry website at pubs.acs.org/journal/ancham.
Geographic patterns of leukemia in the United States

Abstract Age-adjusted mortality rates for leukemia during 1950–1969 were correlated by race and sex with demographic, industrial and agricultural data for 3056 U.S. counties. Despite relatively uniform mortality across the country, there were high rates among whites in the north and south central states, and among nonwhites in the northeast and midwest, with correspondingly lower rates in the southeast. The regional excesses were limited to people over 55 yr of age. When cell types of leukemia for 1968–1971 were analyzed, some clustering of acute myeloid leukemia was seen in the central part of the country. The geographic patterns persisted after adjusting for urbanization and socioeconomic gradients, and for ethnic correlations, particularly involving residents of Scandinavian, German and Russian descent. Occupational determinants may be partly involved in view of geographic correlations with certain food industries, and other industrial and agricultural indicators.
SENSITIZED PHOTODEGRADATION OF CELLULOSE AND CELLULOSIC WASTES

— The photodegradation of cellulose and cellulose–containing waste sensitized by a variety of dyes was measured by means of viscosity, tensile strength, and scanning electron microscopy. Anthraquinone-2-sulfonate and proflavin dihydrochloride were both more effective than either rose bengal or methylene blue for degradation. Samples degraded by these dyes were similar in appearance to enzyme-degraded ones, but were less susceptible to further degradative action by enzymes.
Adapting ceramometal restorations to existing removable partial dentures

Abstract A step-by-step procedure to fabricate a ceramometal restoration to an existing removable partial denture has been presented. The patient does not have to be without the prosthesis at any time, and less chairside time is spent on adjustments at cementation.
Octafluorocyclooctatetraene transition metal compounds: displacement of fluoride by metal carbonyl anions

Octafluorocyclooctatetraene (OFCOT) reacts with some metal carbonyl anions [MLn]− to give monosubstitution products (C8F7)MLn [MLn = Mn(CO)5, Re(CO)5, Fe(CO)2(η-C5H5)]. 19F and 13C {19F} NMR studies show that the cyclooctatetraene ring in these monosubstitution products does not undergo rapid ring-inversion or bond shifting on the NMR time scale. Reaction of OFCOT with [Co(CO)4]− affords the distributed derivative [(C8F6)Co2(CO)6] as the only product in poor yield.
Resonance Raman Investigation of Cyanide Ligated Beef Liver and Aspergillus niger Catalases

Resonance Raman spectroscopy has been used to investigate the properties of cyanide-bound beef liver catalase (BLC) and Aspergillus niger catalase (ANC) in the pH range 4.9-11.5. Evidence has been obtained for the binding of cyanide to both BLC and ANC in two binding geometries. The first conformer, exhibiting the ν[Fe-CN] stretching mode at a higher frequency than the Δ[Fe-C-N] bending mode, exists as an essentially linear Fe-C-N linkage. For both BLC-CN and ANC-CN, the ν[Fe-CN] and Δ[Fe-C-N] frequencies of this conformer were practically identical and observed at ~434 and ~413 cm−1, respectively. The second conformer exhibits a ν[Fe-CN] mode at lower frequency than the Δ[Fe-C-N] mode, and is thus characteristic of a bent Fe-C-N linkage. The ν[Fe-CN] and Δ[Fe-C-N] modes were identified at 349 and 445 cm−1, respectively, for BLC-CN, and at 350 and 456 cm−1, respectively, for ANC-CN. The two conformers persist in the pH range 4.9-11.5. Furthermore, upon raising the pH to 11.5, the ν[Fe-CN] mode of the linear conformer of BLC-CN downshifts to 429 cm−1 while that of the bent conformer remains unchanged. The observed pH-dependent shift is attributed to the deprotonation of a distal-side amino acid residue, probably a distal histidine. The Fe-C-N axial vibrations of the two conformers identified for ANC-CN did not show any significant pH-dependent shifts, indicating a more stable hydrogen bonding interaction relative to BLC-CN.
Pain Management in Pancreatic Cancer

A majority of pancreatic cancer patients present with pain at the time of diagnosis. Pain management can be challenging in light of the aggressive nature of this cancer. Apart from conventional pharmacotherapy, timely treatment with neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB) has been shown to be of benefit. NCPB has demonstrated efficacious pain control in high quality studies with analgesic effects lasting one to two months. NCPB has also shown to decrease the requirements of narcotics, and thus decrease opioid related side effects. Another option for the control of moderate to severe pain is intrathecal therapy (IT). Delivery of analgesic medications intrathecally allows for lower dosages of medications and thus reduced toxicity. Both of the above mentioned interventional procedures have been shown to have low complication rates, and be safe and effective. Ultimately, comprehensive pancreatic cancer pain management necessitates understanding of pain mechanisms and delivery of sequential validated therapeutic interventions within a multidisciplinary patient care model.
Touch and contamination: patients' fear of AIDS.

In this study we investigate patients' concerns about HIV transmission from doctors during the course of routine medical care. Patients' fear of AIDS, level of discomfort with medical procedures performed by a physician suspected of having AIDS, and perceived risk of AIDS transmission in physician-patient interactions were examined among 313 patients attending adult clinics at a university-based outpatient center in a large Midwestern city. Results of the analysis show that patients who are more fearful of AIDS report higher levels of discomfort concerning procedures conducted by a physician suspected of having AIDS. Fear of touching a person with AIDS is the strongest predictor of expressed discomfort with medical procedures when infection is suspected. Patient concerns regarding susceptibility to HIV infection in routine care, particularly through touching, point to the need for education about transmission of AIDS in the health care context.
In vitro propagation of Cryptocoryne wendtii

Abstract Procedures for in vitro establishment, axillary shoot proliferation and plantlet acclimatization of the aquatic plant, Cryptocoryne wendtii De Wit. were determined. Surface-sterilized rhizome shoot tips were established on a basal medium (BM) consisting of Murashige–Skoog mineral salts, 0.56 mM myo-inositol, 1.2 μM thiamine–HCL and 87.6 mM sucrose supplemented with 2.2 μM N 6 -benzyladenine (BA) and 0.57 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and solidified with 0.8% TC agar. Effects of basal medium supplementation with factorial combinations of BA (0–25 μM) and IAA (0–10 μM) on axillary shoot proliferation from single-node explants were determined after 28 days. Maximum axillary shoot proliferation (sevenfold increase) occurred on medium supplemented with 20 μM BA alone. Excellent microcutting rooting (100%) was achieved by direct sticking microcuttings in Metro Mix 500 soilless planting medium. Greenhouse acclimatization of rooted microcuttings was 100%. High-quality salable plants were produced within eight weeks post-transplant.
Feasibility assessment of cerebrospinal fluid from HIV-1-infected children for HIV proviral DNA and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 alleles.

The objective of the study was to assess the feasibility of measuring human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) proviral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and associated single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) in pediatric cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The importance of HIV DNA and MCP1 SNP has been suggested to be independently important in progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and neurocognitive impairment in adults. In children, measuring both factors in the CSF may help us understand the neuropathogenic process leading to HIV-1-associated encephalopathy (HAE). Repository specimens from 27 perinatally HIV-1-infected children with HAE were assessed for HIV DNA copy by real-time polymerase chain reaction and compared with MCP1 2578G SNP mutations measured by digesting amplified 361 bp fragments. When compared with MCP1 2578G SNP, a significant number with the mutation had high HIV DNA compared with those with wild type ( p
Perceptions of a Fluid Consensus: Uniqueness Bias, False Consensus, False Polarization, and Pluralistic Ignorance in a Water Conservation Crisis

A 5-day field study (N = 415) during and right after a shower ban demonstrated multifaceted social projection and the tendency to draw personality inferences from simple behavior in a time of drastic consensus change. Bathers thought showering was more prevalent than did non-bathers (false consensus) and respondents consistently underestimated the prevalence of the desirable and common behavior—be it not showering during the shower ban or showering after the ban (uniqueness bias). Participants thought that bathers and non-bathers during the ban differed greatly in their general concern for the community, but self-reports demonstrated that this gap was illusory (false polarization). Finally, bathers thought other bathers cared less than they did, whereas non-bathers thought other non-bathers cared more than they did (pluralistic ignorance). The study captures the many biases at work in social perception in a time of social change.
Contrast Effects on Strategic-Issue Framing

Abstract We examined determinants of subjective framing other than semantic manipulation. Participants in the first experiment (n= 176) read several business threats or opportunities, prior to describing a strategic issue. Results revealed a contrast effect, where those exposed to unequivocal opportunities framed an equivocal issue as a threat, whereas those exposed to unequivocal threats did not view the same issue as threatening. A second experiment (n= 185) replicated the contrast effect using only one context manipulation (i.e., threat or opportunity business scenario), and alternative modes of presentation (i.e., serial vs simultaneous). A third experiment (n= 72) showed that the contrast effects extended beyond simple perceptions to actual intentions and behaviors. We conclude that the narrowing of one's frame for a strategic issue may result in a restricted range of alternatives considered and suboptimal responses.
Talking Relationships into Being

When the study of relationships focuses on the dyadic level of analysis, it must also take account of the social context in which relationships come into being. That context is strongly bordered by talk and the rhetorical basis of normal (and scientific) discourse. Discourse and other actions typically reproduce the relationship in its own image on successive occasions, though they do not have to do so. The appearance of stability in relationships is thus the result of perpetually constructive activity of partners, not the result of `the nature' of the relationship itself.
Experimental determination of dosimetric characterization of a newly designed encapsulated interstitial brachytherapy source of 103Pd-model Pd-1.

A newly designed encapsulated 103 Pd source has been introduced (BrachySeed™-Pd-103, also named Model Pd-1, manufactured by DRAXIMAGE Inc. and distributed by Cytogen Corp.) for interstitial brachytherapy to provide more isotropic dose distributions. In this work, the dosimetric characteristics of the 103 Pd source were measured with micro LiF TLD chips and dosimetry parameters were characterized based upon the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group No. 43 formalism. The dose rate constant of the sources was determined to be 0.66±0.05 cGy h−1 U−1. The radial dose function was measured and was found to be similar to that of the Theragenics Model 200 103 Pd source. The anisotropy constant for the Model Pd-1 source was determined to be 1.03.
Family Abduction Outcomes Factors Associated with Duration and Emotional Trauma to Children

Using data from a national survey, we examine factors associated with two specific outcomes of family abduction events: duration of the episode and the likelihood of emotional trauma to children involved. Duration appears to be influenced by indicators of preparedness, planning and intent, and with difficulty in physically locating the child. Emotional harm is influenced by factors associated with child awareness, disruption in the child's routine, and levels of animosity between parents.
Determinants of the Primacy Effect in Attribution of Ability

Summary The primacy effect in attribution of ability was explored in the present study. Subjects observed a tutoring session in which a student displayed one of four sequences of learning on the two parts of the lesson: success-success, failure-failure, failure-success, or success-failure. In an attempt to eliminate the primacy effect, in some conditions the lesson was structured as two discrete units temporally. Elementary school subjects either viewed the two parts of the lesson contiguously, or they observed the second part two days after seeing the first part. Separating parts of the lesson did not eliminate the primacy effect: early performance had a greater effect on attribution of ability than later performance. Recall results did not support the theory that the primacy effect is due to the assimilation of later performance to initial expectation.
Emission and expansion features of ns and fs laser ablation plumes in an ambient environment

We investigated the emission and hydrodynamic expansion dynamics of ns and fs laser ablated metal plasmas in the presence of an ambient with pressures ranging from vacuum to atmospheric levels. The role of background pressure on spectral emission features, absolute line intensities, signal to background ratios, plume hydrodynamics, and ablation craters were studied. The structure and dynamics of both ns and fs plumes obtained from optical diagnostic tools were compared to continuum hydrodynamic model (CFD) results.
Changes in plasma membrane and microfilaments accompanying morphologic differentiation in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.

Abstract Chinese hamster ovary cells undergo a change from epithelioid to fibroblastic morphology when cultured in the presence of 0.4 mM db-cAMP. This study was initiated to determine if the change in morphology was associated with any change in the levels of the membrane-bound enzyme, adenylate cyclase. Plasma membrane ‘ghosts’ were isolated from treated and untreated control cells; higher than normal specific activity of the enzyme was found in the treated cells. The treated cells also revealed that, during the course of plasma membrane isolation procedure, the membranous organelles were more resilient than those of the control cells. Electron microscopic study revealed a distinct increase in the number of microfilaments in the treated cells; the microfilamentous structures were seen as bundles in the cytoplasm, but more important, they were observed in association with the plasma membrane ‘ghosts’. No such association was found in the control cells. It is proposed that microfilaments generate motile force which establishes bipolar elongation of cells, producing conformational change in the molecular architecture of the plasma membrane, thereby unmasking or generating active adenylate cyclase sites.
Reports of Overseas Private Investment Corporation Determinations by Mark Kantor, Michael D. Nolan, and Karl P. Sauvant (eds.)

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows since the early 1980s have had phenomenal growth and a notable impact on global trade and development. In the introduction of the book, the editors aptly recou...
Temperature echoes in molecular dynamics simulations of proteins.

Temperature echoes, which were first found in simulations of a simple Lennard-Jones glass, are demonstrated to exist in molecular dynamics simulations of a globular protein. Sequences of cooling and heating pulses make possible a study of protein vibrational modes as a function of temperature. Double cooling pulse echoes are used for estimating the density of states. Implications of the results for the glasslike behavior of proteins are discussed.
Diagnosis and management of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung infections

The diagnosis and management of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung infection remains difficult even among experienced clinicians. Both the incidence and prevalence are likely expected to rise with an aging population. Careful assessment of clinical, radiologic, and microbiologic studies is warranted before initiating therapy, which is often complicated by significant drug side effects and limited sputum conversion rates. Indications to treat are best based on a number of factors, including specific NTM species, NTM lung-infection–associated symptoms, advanced bronchiectatic or cavitary disease, expected tolerance of therapy, and related comorbidities. Surgical resection of localized disease or refractory infection may warrant consideration, but should be done by an experienced surgeon and mycobacterial program. Increased awareness and treatment of NTM lung infection in recent years is likely due to earlier recognition and improved treatment strategies, though the approach to the NTM lung infection patient most often involves chronic lung disease management. NTM lung infection is perhaps is best characterized as a treatable lung infection, even without universally curable outcomes.
On the mean inner potential in high- and low-energy electron diffraction

Abstract New electron microscopies spanning the energy range from millivolts to kilovolts image different beam-energy-dependent potentials. We review the theories of the average value of the mean inner potential of a solid in order to understand its role in image interpretation and its relationship to charge density and atom positions in crystals. Three common definitions of this quantity are compared, that from high-volatge transmission electron interferometry, the theory of surface dipole layers and the work function, and that from low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). Energy-dependent corrections due to exchange and virtual inelastic scattering are proposed for LEED, photoelectron holography (PEH), the low-energy electron microscope (LEEM) and the point-projection microscope (PPM) operating in the sub-kilovolt range. A calculation of the mean free path of low-energy electrons as a function of their energy is also reproduced.
Influence of free fatty acids and glucose infusion on serum bilirubin and bilirubin binding to albumin: clinical implications.

We studied the risk of a large group of jaundiced neonates for bilirubin encephalopathy by serial assessment of their reserve serum albumin binding capacity as measured by the saturation index test. In 1271 infants with serum bilirubin concentration >10 mg/dl, 12% had a saturation index (SI) of 7% or greater and therefore were clinically at or near risk for bilirubin encephalopathy. Treatment with glucose infusion (1 gm/kg over one hour) was highly effective in lowering the SI (Δ=−3.7%, P P
Community support systems for deinstitutionalized patients

The broad-based coalition necessary for the care of chronically mentally disabled patients in the community consists of diverse elements and proceses that require system management as well as case management.
Parallels in T lymphocyte development between lpr and normal mice.

Abstract The unusual phenotype and function of lpr T cell subsets has considerably aided the determination of various stages in normal T lymphocyte development through the identification of parallel populations. This has included the description of memory T cells that express high levels of CD44. Lpr mature (CD4+ and CD8+) T cells are all CD44hi and produce large amounts of several cytokines, in contrast to normal murine peripheral T cells. However, the minor CD44hi subset of normal memory T cells produces similarly high levels of cytokines. The expression of intermediate density surface T cell antigen receptor (TCR)-αβ by lpr CD4-, CD8- (CD4-8-) cells guided the identification of a minor subset of Heat Stable Antigen—normal CD4-8-thymocytes that also expresses TCR-αβ. The unresponsiveness of lpr CD4-8- T cells correlates closely with their absence of CD2 expression. This is paralleled in normal mice by CD2- and CD2+ subsets of thymocytes and gut lymphocytes in which the proliferative capacity also segregates with CD2 expression. Finally, lpr CD4-8- T cells bear many similarities to anergic T cells, including high expression of p59fyn, lack of IL-2 production, and recovery of function following induction of cell cycling in the presence of IL-2. The developmental block in lpr CD4-8- T cells has therefore provided considerable insight into normal T cell development and function.
Transport of hypoxanthine by human diploid skin fibroblasts deficient in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase.

Summary Transport of purine bases and nucleosides by a variety of mammalian cell lines is generally accomplished by facilitated diffusion, a non-concentrative, saturable process. However, previous investigators have been unable to detect a saturable component for the transport of hypoxanthine by human fibroblasts deficient in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, implying that in normal cells the enzyme actively participates in transport. In the present study we have used the phenomenon of countertransport to demonstrate the existence of a saturable transport mechanism in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient human diploid skin fibroblasts.
Geographic pollution mapping of power plant emissions to inform ex-ante environmental justice analyses

Abstract Federal and many state agencies are required to perform environmental justice analyses of their policies prior to implementing them to prevent undue impacts on low income and minority populations. However, little academic attention has been paid to the quality of these ex-ante environmental justice analyses. This investigation evaluates the methods used to perform environmental justice analyses during siting and permitting processes. The study uses both the California Energy Commission guidelines for environmental justice analyses and a method that geographically maps air pollution to perform ex-ante environmental justice analyses of three power plants. The objective is to see if results from using these two analysis methods differ substantially. Findings indicate that the mapping technique employed represents a substantial improvement over defining the impacted population using proximity methods because it accounts for the geographical distribution of the hazard. Furthermore, using multiple comp...
Influence of volunteer wheat plant condition on movement of the wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella , in winter wheat

The wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella Keifer, is the vector of wheat streak mosaic virus and high plains virus which cause significant crop loss in winter wheat throughout the western Great Plains. Volunteer wheat emerging before harvest, as a result of severe hail, is the primary source of mites and virus that infect fall-planted winter wheat. Wind-borne movement of the WCM is of key importance in the spread and infection of the virus complex. Significant movement of WCM from wheat has been thought to be closely tied to the senescence or deterioration of the host. Results from field and greenhouse studies indicated that movement from un- vernalized winter wheat was not closely associated with the deterioration of the wheat host. Greenhouse studies showed no correlation between WCM movement and plant condition, but there was a highly significant relationship between WCM movement and mite population on the host plant. Field studies did not demonstrate increased movement associated with deteriorating un-vernalized winter wheat. However, healthier hosts which were able to support a larger population of mites were associated with increased movement. The main influence on the level of mite movement relates to the size of the source population and not the condition of the host plant, but plant condition appears to be a factor in limiting the increase of the WCM population.
A syndrome of congenital aplasia of the alae nasi, deafness, hypothyroidism, dwarfism, absent permanent teeth, and malabsorption.

Three female patients are presented with a syndrome of low birth weight, dwarfism, aplastic alae nasi, midline ectodermal scalp defects, microcephaly, deafness, thyroid dysfunction, rectourogenital abnormalities, motor-mental retardation, and absent permanent tooth buds. Growth rates were improved with thyroid therapy, but height and motor-mental development remained severely retarded during short follow-up.
Alteration of UO2+x under oxidizing conditions, Marshall Pass, Colorado, USA

As a natural analogue of the processes and products of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) alteration, we have examined the sequence of phases that form during the alteration of natural UO2+x in a U-deposit at Marshall Pass, Colorado. We have determined the paragenesis of U(VI)-phases including the fate of trace elements: W, Mo, As, Sb, Cu, Ba, Ce, Y, Pb and Th. Enrichment of trace elements, especially W and Mo, in this system resulted in a unique alteration sequence: uraninite → amorphous U-oxyhydrate gel → schoepite(I)/vandendriesscheite/compreignacite → uranophane → schoepite(II)/"dehydrated" schoepite(I) → Ba-Mo-W-U phase/U-arsenates/U-Sb phase → "dehydrated schoepite" (II) → soddyite/swamboite. In this sequence, the Ba-Mo-W uranyl phase and U-Sb phase are newly characterized phases. These results suggest that the UO2+x alteration, involving higher concentrations of certain radionuclides and metallic compounds, may lead to a different paragenesis of U(VI)-phases, as compared with the expected alteration sequence of UO2 interacting with a typical groundwaters. This was also noted in a previous study of the alteration of Pb-rich uraninite [R.J. Finch, R.C. Ewing, J. Nucl. Mater. 190 (1992) 133-156]. Some trace elements, such as CaO 2.08 wt.%, PbO 1.69 wt.%, WO3 1.39 wt.%, As2O3 0.50 wt.% and MoO3 0.41 wt.%, can locally concentrate, but still form uranyl phases. As a consequence, the mobility of U and radionuclides is governed by the stability of these metal-uranyl phases, such as Pb-oxide hydrates, Ba-uranyl molybdates/ tungstates and U-antimonate.
Familiarity with current practices of granting and maintaining privileges in pediatric interventional radiology--a worldwide survey of the members of the Society for Pediatric Interventional Radiology (SPIR).

Background Physician credentialing is a complex process driven by the demand for quality improvement in health care. In the U.S., the Joint Commission Standard of 2007 has tied hospital accreditation to credentialing through mandated use of the Focused Professional Practice Evaluation (FPPE) and Ongoing Professional Practice Evaluation (OPPE).
S6-1 Hydrogen sulfide as an oxygen sensor

While all vertebrate cells are affected by hypoxia, a few are specifically designed to ensure adequate oxygen delivery throughout the body. These specialized O 2 sensing cells include external-facing chemoreceptors in gills and neonatal airways, arterial chemoreceptor cells in gills, carotid and aortic bodies, adrenal chromaffin cells and vascular smooth muscle. How they detect hypoxia, the O 2 “sensor”, however, remains controversial. I propose that O 2 -dependent metabolism of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is a ubiquitous and ancient O 2 sensor. A variety of physiological and biochemical studies support this hypothesis. (1) The effects of exogenous H 2 S mimic hypoxia in all O 2 sensing tissues. (2) H 2 S production and/or metabolism is inversely coupled to O 2 at physiologically relevant P o 2 s. (3) H 2 S production is O 2 independent whereas, multiple foci of O 2 -dependent H 2 S inactivation are present and many are associated with mitochondria, the purported site of O 2 sensing. (4) H 2 S can be generated from its metabolite, thiosulfate, in mitochondria and this is favored when the mitochondrial matrix becomes more reduced during hypoxia. (5) Compounds that inhibit or augment H 2 S production inhibit and augment hypoxic responses. (6) H 2 S acts upon effector mechanisms known to mediate hypoxic responses. (7) The reciprocal relationship between O 2 and H 2 S has been inexorably intertwined throughout the evolution of eukaryotic cells. Support NSF IOS 1051627.
Miscibility and morphology of the poly(vinyl chloride)/styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer/poly(methyl methacrylate) ternary blend system

The phase equilibrium of the ternary system poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC)/styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (77/23) (SAN)/poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was investigated using a combination of turbidity, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. Both turbidity and DSC were used to determine room temperature ternary phase diagrams. The results are basically similar, but the formulation based on the DSC results and the presumed phase model would seem more reliable since it is possible that immiscible blends may well have different phases with similar refractive indices.