cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transient detection using panoramic all-sky cameras

A method of using on-going panoramic all-sky monitors for the purpose of bright optical transient detection is described. The detection is performed by comparing all-sky images to canonical images taken at the same sidereal time. The described approach has been implemented and tested using the infrastructure of the Night Sky Live network of panoramic all-sky cameras. Preliminary results of detected bright flashes are presented in the paper.
The Problem of the Welfare State

IT IS INDEED UNFORTUNATE that the price of technological progress in this country has been social maladjustment and dislocation. Our inability to iron out the fluctuations of the business cycle, and thereby stabilize employment, has heretofore proved an insurmountable barrier to the realization of economic security for a large segment of our population. In view of the growing complexity of modern society, as related to our highly industrialized economy, there have been insistent demands that the federal government assume greater over-all responsibility for the welfare of its citizens. Only through centralized planning, administration, and control, it is argued, can resources be mobilized which are adequate to deal effectively with economic crises that are national in scope. Judging from past experience, there are ample precedents for continued and expanded federal participation in the field of social welfare. When Congress considered the latter of sufficient importance to authorize establishment of federal agencies invested with power to administer a comprehensive social security program it laid the foundations of the modern Welfare State.'
Troponin phosphorylation and regulatory function in human heart muscle: Dephosphorylation of Ser23/24 on troponin I could account for the contractile defect in end-stage heart failure

Abstract We made quantitative measurements of phosphorylation in troponin isolated from 6 non-failing donor hearts and 6 explanted hearts with end-stage heart failure in SDS-PAGE gels using Pro-Q Diamond phosphoprotein stain. The troponin T phosphorylation level was the same in troponin from failing and non-failing heart (3.1 mol Pi/mol). However, troponin I phosphorylation was significantly lower in failing (0.37 ± 0.18 mol Pi/mol) compared with non-failing heart troponin (2.25 ± 0.36 mol Pi/mol). Levels of troponin I PKA-dependent phosphorylation, measured with a phosphoserine 23/24-specific antibody, were also significantly lower in failing heart troponin (0.19 ±0.06 mol Pi/mol) compared to non-failing troponin (1.14 ± 0.09 mol Pi/mol). We calculate that there is phosphorylation in addition to serine 23/24 of 1.11 ± 0.34 mol Pi/mol in non-failing reduced to 0.18 ± 0.17 mol Pi/mol in failing heart troponin, attributed to phosphorylation on the PKC sites. To test for the functional role of troponin I phosphorylation, the native troponin I from either non-failing or failing heart troponin was exchanged for a recombinant (unphosphorylated) human cardiac troponin I. Thin filament Ca 2+ -regulatory function was studied with the quantitative in vitro motility assay: thin filaments containing the replaced troponin I resulted in a failing phenotype of a 17–26% reduced sliding speed and an increased Ca 2+ -sensitivity relative to non-failing troponin (EC 50 TnI-exchanged/non-failing = 0.57, p p = 0.35–0.75). We suggest that changes in troponin function can account for the contractile abnormality in failing heart muscle and that the functional changes in troponin are due to reduced phosphorylation of troponin I at the PKA sites.
Analysis of radial scaling in single-particle inclusive reactions

An analysis of an extensive sample of the world's data has been performed to test the hypothesis of radial scaling. We have studied the inclusive reactions $p+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}({\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{},0} or {K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}} or p or \overline{p})+\mathrm{anything}$ to determine the behavior of the invariant cross section as a function of ${p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$, ${x}_{R}=\frac{{E}^{*}}{{{E}^{*}}_{max}}$, the radial scaling variable, and $s$. The data cover a range in ${p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ from 0.25 to \ensuremath{\sim}6.0 GeV/c and a range in $\ensuremath{\surd}s$ from 3.0 to 63 GeV. For small ${x}_{R}$ and all available ${p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ the single-particle inclusive cross sections for the reactions studied scale to a good approximation for all $\ensuremath{\surd}s$, even down to the kinematic threshold. For large ${x}_{R}$, the single-particle inclusive cross sections for increasing $\ensuremath{\surd}s$ show a rapid approach to the scaling limit from above. In these cases the scaling limit is always approached by $\ensuremath{\surd}s\ensuremath{\approx}10$ GeV. Thus, data for all particles to a good approximation exhibit radial scaling at all available ${p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ and ${x}_{R}$ over the CERN ISR energy range. A comparison of radial scaling with Feynman scaling is given. It is shown that in the Feynman case the cross sections for small ${x}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$ (${x}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}=\frac{{{p}^{*}}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}}{{{p}^{*}}_{max}}$) approach their scaling limit from below, and that the approach to the scaling limit is slower than is exhibited for the case of small ${x}_{R}$. The systematic differences among the inclusive cross sections of various particles are discussed in the range of $\ensuremath{\surd}s$ where radial scaling has been shown to be valid. In particular, the ${p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ and ${x}_{R}$ distributions of $E\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}}{d{p}^{3}}$ are examined.
Erosion in Solid-Propellant Rocket Motor Nozzles with Unsteady Nonuniform Inlet Conditions

A computational framework is developed to investigate nozzle erosion in solid-propellant rocket motors. The calculations have several novel features. Among these is an accounting of three-dimensional effects, most strikingly for a vectorednozzle but also in thedescription of the turbulentflow.Also, instead of the hitherto universal strategy of merely solving the nozzle flow with uniform inlet conditions, strategies by which the chamber flow with its nonuniform efflux can be coupled to the nozzle flowwhile still resolving the nozzle boundary layer are discussed. The chamber flow is approximated by either full motor simulations, which do not resolve the boundary layer, or by an asymptotic strategy valid for slender chambers: one first used in turbulent boundary-layer studies. The manner in which the chamber efflux conditions are used as nozzle inlet conditions is part of the discussion. The results suggest that specifying turbulent rather than uniform inlet conditions can have a significant effect on nozzle erosion.
Albert Fink and the Pooling System

In the energetic attempt to control destructive competition through pooling, Albert Fink occupied a position of prominence analogous to that enjoyed by Morgan in the consolidation movement that was to follow. Fink's rational advocacy did much to dispel the notion that the railroads were exercising irresponsible censorship over the affairs of the business community. His rate-making ideas and techniques were a lasting contribution to scientific railroad management.
Cartilaginous Variant of Congenital Adenomatoid Malformation of the Lung

We report the occurrence of an unusual variant of congenital adenomatoid malformation (CAM) of the lung in a 16-year-old male. Abundant cartilage in the walls of malformed bronchioles, an extremely rare finding in CAM, distinguishes this lesion from the usual forms. We present the roentgenographic, computed tomographic, and pathologic features of this lesion as well as its embryologic implications. In addition, two similar cases are reviewed, one of which has been briefly discussed in a previous publication. Cartilaginous CAM should be distinguished from another lesion with abundant cartilage, the so-called pulmonary hamartoma.
Measuring the Food Environment: Shelf Space of Fruits, Vegetables, and Snack Foods in Stores

Dietary patterns may be influenced by the availability and accessibility within stores of different types of foods. However, little is known about the amount of shelf space used for healthy and unhealthy foods in different types of stores. We conducted measurements of the length of shelf space used for fruits, vegetables, and snack foods items in 419 stores in 217 urban census tracts in southern Louisiana and in Los Angeles County. Although supermarkets offered far more shelf space of fruits and vegetables than did other types of stores, they also devoted more shelf space to unhealthy snacks (mean 205 m for all of these items combined) than to fruits and vegetables (mean 117 m, p < 0.001). After supermarkets, drug stores devoted the most shelf space to unhealthy items. The ratio of the total shelf space for fruits and vegetables to the total shelf space for these unhealthy snack items was the lowest (0.10 or below) and very similar in convenience stores, drug stores, and liquor stores, was in a middle range (0.18 to 0.30) in small food stores, and was highest in medium-sized food stores (0.40 to 0.61) and supermarkets (0.55 to 0.72). Simple measurements of shelf space can be used by researchers to characterize the healthfulness of the food environment and by policymakers to establish criteria for favorable policy treatment of stores.
Intravascular pressure distribution and dimensional analysis of microvessels in hamsters with renovascular hypertension

Abstract Microvascular pressures and dimensional analysis (wall and lumen diameters) were measured in the branching network of arterioles and venules in the cheek pouch of both normotensive (NT) and hypertensive (HT) hamsters before and after vasodilating with nitroprusside (10−4 M). The Grollman technique was used to induce renovascular HT in 15 hamsters and 12 others were sham operated. The microcirculation of the cheek pouch was evaluated 10–26 days later using intravital microscopy after anesthetization with pentobarbital. Systemic blood pressure (direct catheterization) and microvascular pressure (Servo-Null system with micropipets) were measured. In the HT hamsters (133 ± 3 mm Hg), all arteriolar microvascular pressures were increased by 15–26% as compared to the NT hamsters (113 ± 4 mm Hg). However, pressures in small venules (10–20 μm) were decreased by 50–60%. Lumen diameters in first-order arterioles (90–120 μm) and in the venules of HT hamsters decreased. Vasodilation reduced systemic and microvascular pressures and increased lumen diameters to the same extent in both NT and HT hamsters. These results indicate that in HT hamsters arteriolar pressures are elevated and that there is a large drop in pressure across the capillaries which includes small arterioles and venules. These elevated arteriolar pressures do not appear to be due to structural hypertrophy with encroachment on lumen diameters.
Reassessing Corporate Image—An Examination of How Image Bridges Symbolic Relationships With Behavioral Relationships

Abstract In this study we examine corporate image by identifying how image congruency might exert an impact on a public's beliefs, attitudes, and behavioral intentions toward an organization in a time of crisis for that organization. An experiment was conducted to test the research questions, and the results of the study revealed that a corporation that presented image congruency with a public's expectations could maintain public approval when there was no crisis. In the event of a crisis, however, image congruency might also protect the company via an indirect route. Given image congruency, a public's behavioral intentions toward the corporation seemed to remain consistent regardless of situational changes.
THE EFFECT OF DAYLENGTH AND LIGHT INTENSITY ON THE GROWTH RATE OF THE MARINE DIATOM DETONULA CONFERVACEA (CLEVE) GRAN1

SUMMARY The influence of 40 combinations of temperature (2, 7 C), light intensity (50, 200, 600, 1200, 1800 ft-c), and photoperiod (24, 15:9, 12:12, and 8:16 LD) at 30% salinity on the rate of cell division of the Narragansett Bay clone of Detonula confervacea (Det-1) was examined following appropriate preconditioning. At 2 C Detonula is a long day species (24 L) and prefers low light intensities (200–600 ft-c); poorest growth occurred at 12:12 and 8:16 LD, and the compensation intensity was about 10 ft-c. Increasing temperature to 7 C increased the mean growth rate, reduced the optimal daylength (15:9 LD), even though Detonula remained a long day species and increased the optimal light intensity (600–800 ft-c). The compensation intensity varied with daylength and ranged from about 10–50 ft-c. Photoperiods of 12:12 and 8:16 LD were least favorable for growth at both temperatures; light limitation and inhibition were observed at 50 and 1800 ft-c. respectively; inhibition was less pronounced at 7 C. There is some indication that the conditions of growth that the stock cultures were exposed to prior to preconditioning for use in the experiments may have sometimes influenced response. Detonula produced resting spores without nutrient depletion at 2 and 7 C at all light intensities when the photoperiod was lengthened. Auxospore formation was also observed. Although short daylengths (9:15 LD) limit Detonula's growth during the early stages of the winter bloom, it competes successfully against Skeletonema costatum initially. This results from its higher rates of growth and of photosynthesis at the prevailing temperature and light conditions and a lower compensation intensity than reported for Skeletonema. The main causes of Detonula's growth inception and termination in Narragansett Bay differ.
Modulation of tissue affinities of cardiac myocyte aggregates by mesenchyme.

Abstract One manifestation of tissue affinities is contained in the related phenomena of cell sorting and the spreading of one tissue over a second when aggregates of dissimilar tissues are maintained in contact in organ culture. The present study explores the manner in which the fibroblasts (HF) that constitute a minor cell population in chick embryo heart ventricle can modify the tissue affinity behavior of the majority myocyte (HM) population. Differences in the rates of attachment of HM and HF to tissue culture plastic surfaces were used to fractionate trypsinized suspensions of heart ventricle into relatively pure cell populations. Pigmented retina (PR) was used as the second tissue in spreading experiments with heart since this contains only one cell type and because the pigment granules serve as a natural cell marker. PR spreads only weakly over HM aggregates, but very well over aggregates of native heart ventricle or aggregates containing HM and HF in ratios approximately those of native ventricle tissue. During spreading, PR migrated over the surface of its partner aggregate as a closely packed epithelium one cell thick at the margins, covering the surface nearly completely within 2–4 days. In the mixed HF-HM aggregates, the HF are intermingled with the HM; in fact, HF will actively invade HM aggregates. HF-Conditioned culture medium can substitute for HF in the modification of HM affinity properties since aggregation of HM in HF-conditioned medium produced aggregates over which PR readily spreads. The interaction between HM and HF is a novel tissue interaction that alters the affinities between HM and PR. The interaction appears to be mediated at least in part by factors released by the fibroblasts, possibly components of the extracellular matrix.
Infrared Absorption from L·S Splittings in Co 2 + Salts

A line absorption spectrum has been observed at about 0.15 ev in CoO, Co${\mathrm{Br}}_{2}$, Co${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$, and Co${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ crystals. For the halides, the line has a complex structure. No absorption is observed in ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{3}$Co${\mathrm{Cl}}_{5}$ crystals. The absorption arises from transitions between various energy levels of the L\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}S fine structure multiplet. In Co${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ some of the lines show changes in intensity on passing through the N\'eel temperature. Optical polarization effects are also observed in the Co${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ spectrum.
Quantitative analysis of global phosphorylation changes with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry and stable isotopic labeling.

Abstract Quantitative measurement of specific protein phosphorylation sites is a primary interest of biologists, as site-specific phosphorylation information provides insights into cell signaling networks and cellular dynamics at a system level. Over the last decade, selective phosphopeptide enrichment methods including IMAC and metal oxides (TiO 2 and ZrO 2 ) have been developed and greatly facilitate large scale phosphoproteome analysis of various cells, tissues and living organisms, in combination with modern mass spectrometers featuring high mass accuracy and high mass resolution. Various quantification strategies have been applied to detecting relative changes in expression of proteins, peptides, and specific modifications between samples. The combination of mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteome analysis with quantification strategies provides a straightforward and unbiased method to identify and quantify site-specific phosphorylation. We describe common strategies for mass spectrometric analysis of stable isotope labeled samples, as well as two widely applied phosphopeptide enrichment methods based on IMAC(NTA–Fe 3+ ) and metal oxide (ZrO 2 ). Instrumental configurations for on-line LC–tandem mass spectrometric analysis and parameters of conventional bioinformatic analysis of large data sets are also considered for confident identification, localization, and reliable quantification of site-specific phosphorylation.
BLOOD PLASMA PROTEIN PRODUCTION AS INFLUENCED BY AMINO ACIDS : CYSTINE EMERGES AS A KEY AMINO ACID UNDER FIXED CONDITIONS

When blood plasma proteins are depleted by bleeding with return of the washed red blood cells (plasmapheresis) it is possible to bring dogs to a steady state of hypoproteinemia and a uniform plasma protein production on a basal low protein diet. These dogs are clinically normal. By the introduction of variables into their standardized existence insight into the formation of plasma proteins can be obtained. The liver basal diet maintains health in such hypoproteinemic dogs during periods as long as a year. 17 to 27 per cent of its protein content (entirely liver protein) is presumably converted into plasma protein. Gelatin alone added to the liver basal diet causes very little if any extra plasma protein production. The addition to gelatin of cystine, or tyrosine, or tryptophane, or of both tyrosine and tryptophane has little or no effect on its potency for plasma protein production. When gelatin is supplemented by cystine and either tryptophane or tyrosine, 25 to 40 per cent of the protein content of the combination is converted into plasma protein-an efficiency equaling that of any protein hitherto tested. Preliminary experiments indicate that methionine cannot substitute for cystine nor can phenylalanine substitute for tyrosine in the efficient combination of gelatin plus cystine plus tyrosine. Laked red blood cells given by vein afford little or no material for plasma protein formation. When the reserve stores of plasma protein building material are exhausted the dog can form little if any plasma protein during protein-free diet periods.
Pediatric sexology and hermaphroditism.

Abstract Lacking an empirically based theory of erotosexual development and health in childhood, pediatrics too easily falls back on reductionistic hypotheses of the nature versus nurture type. A new, three-term paradigm, namely, nature/critical-period/nurture, is needed to explain, for example, the phenomenology of hermaphroditism, and the differentiation of gender-identity/role (G-I/R) in individual cases. In 30 young women with a history of the early-treated, 46, XX congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia (CVAH) syndrome, 37% (N = 11) had a history of bisexual imagery or practice, as compared with 7% in the control patients (χ2 = 17.7; p<. 001); 5 of these 11 rated themselves as exclusively or predominantly lesbian. In Kinsey's sample, 15% of females reported homoerotic imagery by age 20, and 2 out of 3 of them also had homoerotic partner contact. The CVAH finding may be a function of prenatal and/or neonatal brain androgenization, but other variables, such as the history of juvenile erotosexual rehe...
The reaction of ferric iron with ortho-phosphate

Abstract The iron (III)- orthophosphate system has been investigated spectrophotometrically and potentiometrically. In dilute acid solutions the existence of FeH 2 PO 4 2+ and FeHPO 4 + can be established. The stability of these two complexes has been determined at μ = 0·4 and 25°C. Qualitative evidence for the presence of higher and polynuclear phosphato-iron complexes is presented. The conditions under which iron (III)-phosphate precipitates have been studied.
An Analysis of International Tourism Development in Thailand: 1994–2007

Tourism serves as a means for Thailand to receive foreign currency, increase international reserves, stimulate production and maximize the use of resources from other related sectors, which in turn enhance the country's economic status. The importance of tourism is inspiring Thailand to strive to become a major international tourist destination in Southeast Asia and the world. The continued success of international tourism and the future direction of tourism development in Thailand can be enhanced through a historical analysis of the tourism industry and a critical and thorough SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis. This paper provides a historical overview of international tourism development in Thailand from 1994 to 2007, assesses the performance of the Thai tourism industry in this period, provides a SWOT analysis of the Thai tourism industry, and offers recommendations for the future success of Thailand as a competitive tourist destination.
Extending the challenge-hindrance model of occupational stress: The role of appraisal

Abstract Interest regarding the challenge-hindrance occupational stress model has increased in recent years, however its theoretical foundation has not been tested. Drawing from the transactional theory of stress, this study tests the assumptions made in past research (1) that workload and responsibility are appraised as challenges and role ambiguity and role conflict are appraised as hindrances, and (2) that these appraisals mediate the relationship between these stressors and outcomes (i.e., strains, job dissatisfaction, and turnover intentions). For a sample of 479 employees, we found that although workload, role ambiguity, and role conflict could be appraised primarily as challenges or hindrances, they could also simultaneously be perceived as being both to varying degrees. Support was also found for a model in which primary appraisal partially mediated the stressor-outcome relationship.
Quantitative imaging of temperature elevations in tissues due to thermal therapies

Thermal ablation and hyperthermia remain as potent treatment options for cancer. However, the inability to closely monitor temperature elevations from thermal therapies in real time continues to limit clinical applicability. Therefore, the development of new imaging techniques capable of providing feedback and temperature monitoring is highly medically significant. In this study, quantitative ultrasound imaging techniques based on spectral estimates were examined for their ability to monitor and map temperature elevations induced in tissues using either microwave ablation or high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU).
Student artists in the library: an investigation of how they use general academic libraries for their creative needs

Although academic librarians may not be fully aware of how student artists use library collections, information obtained from focus group interviews reveals how student artists use academic libraries to support their artwork, what these students seek, and how they feel about their experiences.
Modeling of Pulsed Gas Transport Effects in the TAP Reactor System

A method for quantification of the gas pulse transport in the TAP (temporal analysis of products) reactor system is presented. Particular components of the TAP reactor system that are considered include the high-speed pulse valve, the packed-bed microreactor, and the high vacuum system. The model developed for the pulse valve allows an a priori evaluation of the inlet pulse intensity as a function of feed gas conditions and valve settings. Two independent models that account for simultaneous diffusion, adsorption, and desorption are developed for the packed-bed microreactor. The first model describes the transient response of the microreactor packed with nonporous particles and is primarily intended for assessment of gas pulse transport in the interparticle region and on the particle surface. The second model is similar, except that it accounts for diffusion of the gas pulse in porous particles. Molecular beam transport and an evaluation of backscattering in the vacuum system behind the microreactor are also quantified. Evaluation of model parameters by a time-domain parameter estimation technique is also described and illustrated through several applications including estimation of diffusivities and desorption parameters. The modeling approach presented here forms a basis for further quantification of TAP studies.
Why does formation of 1,3-dimethylenecyclobutane-2,4-diyl from 1,3-dimethylenecyclobutane show a large positive deviation from bond enthalpy additivity?

Abstract B3LYP/6-31G ∗ calculations have been performed in order to better understand the reasons for the large positive deviation from bond enthalpy additivity (BEA), found by Hill and Squires, for formation of triplet 1,3-dimethylenecyclobutane-2,4-diyl ( 2 ) from 1,3-dimethylenecyclobutane ( 3 ). The calculations find that, in contrast to the formation of diradical 2 from diene 3 , formation of 2 from 1-methyl-3-methylenecyclobutene ( 5 ) has a negative deviation from BEA of −0.5 kcal/mol. Our analysis of the differences between these two pathways to 2 shows that about a third of the large positive deviation from BEA in the formation of diradical 2 from diene 3 comes from the fact that the double bonds in 3 are not conjugated. The other two thirds of the deviation is due to the fact that, although “antiaromatic” resonance structures can be written for diradical 2 , the symmetry of one of the singly occupied MOs prevents such structures from making any contribution to the ground state of 2 .
A modified Cassie-Baxter relationship to explain contact angle hysteresis and anisotropy on non-wetting textured surfaces.

The Cassie–Baxter model is widely used to predict the apparent contact angles obtained on composite (solid–liquid–air) superhydrophobic interfaces. However, the validity of this model has been repeatedly challenged by various research groups because of its inherent inability to predict contact angle hysteresis. In our recent work, we have developed robust omniphobic surfaces which repel a wide range of liquids. An interesting corollary of constructing such surfaces is that it becomes possible to directly image the solid–liquid–air triple-phase contact line on a composite interface, using an electron microscope with non-volatile organic liquids or curable polymers. Here, we fabricate a range of model superoleophobic surfaces with controlled surface topography in order to correlate the details of the local texture with the experimentally observed apparent contact angles. Based on these experiments, in conjunction with numerical simulations, we modify the classical Cassie–Baxter relation to include a local differential texture parameter which enables us to quantitatively predict the apparent advancing and receding contact angles, as well as contact angle hysteresis. This quantitative prediction also allows us to provide an a priori estimation of roll-off angles for a given textured substrate. Using this understanding we design model substrates that display extremely small or extremely large roll-off angles, as well as surfaces that demonstrate direction-dependent wettability, through a systematic control of surface topography and connectivity.
US Foreign Correspondents Changes and Continuity at the Turn of the Century

This article reports the findings from a comprehensive survey of US foreign correspondents conducted in 2001. Some trends - such as Eurocentrism, relatively high degrees of education and the like -...
Fine-needle aspiration of adult rhabdomyoma: A case report with review of the literature

The cytologic features of adult rhabdomyoma, a rare benign tumor of skeletal muscle origin, have been infrequently reported in the literature. We present here a case of a rhabdomyoma involving the floor of the mouth of a 78-year-old man initially diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology. Cytologic features seen on Papanicolaou-stained smear preparation included cohesive clusters of skeletal muscle cells having abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and often peripherally located nuclei. Although cross-striations and elongated intracytoplasmic inclusions were not identified in the smears, they were noted in the cell block preparation of the aspirated specimen and in the touch preparation and histologic sections of the surgically resected specimen. The cytologic differential diagnosis of this tumor is discussed.
Analysis of a distributed-parameter population model based on physiological age.

Abstract Classification of individuals in a population by a measure of physiological, rather than chronological, age is often desirable, but continuous-time population models based on physiological age have yielded little to analysis. For the partial differential equation model developed here, analytical solutions can be obtained when fertility, mortality, and individual growth rates are assumed time-invariant. The solutions permit a generalization of Lotka's classical stability results to physiological-age distributions. The shape of the stable physiological-age distribution is derived and compared with stable chronological-age profiles. The resulting equations provide a model for the “stacking up”, in physiological age, of individuals in the population. This phenomenon is often reflected in the size-frequency distribution of fish and invertebrate populations.
LUTHER AND THE PROBLEM OF SECULARIZATION

Judged in terms of its religious import, the Reformation, initiated by Martin Luther, redefined the secular and the sacred or holy. The extravagant religious foliage of the late medieval world was radically reduced. The progressive secularization of the West received a mighty impetus that has been shaping our culture ever since. To understand Luther's massive contribution to this development, according to his own intention, presents enormous and intricate problems. Yet, by clarifying terminology, applying new concepts, and mapping out new areas for consideration, we may constructively reconsider the problem of Luther and secularization. The idea of creation ex nihilo as that act by which God brings into being a universe that is entirely other than himself would appear to have laid the ground for perceiving the world as neutral, secular, and open to both empirical and rational manipulation. In liberating humanity from divinities hidden in the world of nature and recognizing the world for itself as only world, Christianity introduced secularization into the intellectual constitution of western culture (O'Connor and Oakley, 54-83, 107-20; Gogarten, 138). The recognition of a transcendent, all-powerful creator God and the world as his creature provided Christianity with a vector for the disenchantment or undemonizing of the universe and thus made possible the brilliant intellectual breakthrough of the seventeenth-century Scientific Revolution. Nevertheless Christianity harbored ambivalences that served to mute the secularizing impact of one aspect of Judaism. For the historical formulation of the idea of creation ex nihilo, not to mention its implication, is indeed a late-comer to Judaism, and Christianity is a good deal more that just the fact of a sovereign God. Christianity is the Law and the prophets, as mediated through the Septuagint of Hellenized Judaism. It is Jesus of Nazareth. It is the Christ and late Jewish
Biosynthesis of cytokinins by Azotobacter chroococcum

Abstract Cytokinins were detected in culture nitrates of Azotobacter chroococcum, A. beijerinckii, A. vinelandii, Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. putida . The most prolific producer of cytokinins was A. chroococcum . Several purine ring constituents [adenine (ADE), adenosine, adenosine-5′-monophosphate, hypoxanthine, inosine and inosine-5′-monophosphate] and isoprenoid compounds [isopentyl alcohol (IA), 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol and isoprene] were tested for their suitability as physiological precursors to cytokinin biosynthesis. The isolation and quantification of zeatin riboside, dihydrozeatin riboside, t - and c -zeatin, isopentyl adenine and its riboside were monitored by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), u.v. spectrometry and bioassay. The stimulation of A. chroococcum to produce cytokinins by the addition of ADE and IA was monitored during the growth of the bacterium and tested under various environmental conditions in liquid media.
Biochemical Characterization of Recombinant Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Integrase

Abstract The integrase from equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) was expressed in Escherichia coli as a polyhistidine fusion protein. The protein was purified under native and denaturing conditions using one-step nickel-affinity chromatography. The purified denatured protein was refolded in the presence of detergent. In vitro 3′ processing and DNA strand transfer activities were analyzed under Mg 2+ - and Mn 2+ -dependent reaction conditions. Both protein preparations were similarly active. Only one viral DNA end was efficiently integrated during Mn 2+ - and Mg 2+ -dependent DNA strand transfer. Water was the predominant nucleophile for Mg 2+ - and Mn 2+ -dependent 3′ processing activity. The results underscore functional similarities between EIAV integrase and the previously characterized HIV-1 enzyme.
Asymptotics in the cocharacter sequence of A⊗B

This paper obtains upper and lower bounds for the asymptotic behavior of the codimension sequence and cocharacter sequence of A@?B in terms of the asymptotic behavior of the codimensions and cocharacters of A and B.
Instability of plastic flow in the directions of pure shear: I. Theory

The localization of plastic flow (plastic instability) is a prelude to fracture initiation. Prior treatments are based mainly on the phenomenon of necking (load maximum) which has for its basis fluctuations in cross-sectional area. A second basic mode of localization has been confirmed experimentally. This is the localization of flow within a plastic zone along characteristic directions (direction of pure shear or zero extensional strain). The localization is effected by the activation of tangential velocity discontinuities along the characteristics. A necessary condition is that the material simulate the ideal plastic state. The conditions for this second mode of localization are formulated. A general condition for instability involving both modes is derived. In situations in which both modes are possible, necking is always expected to precede the localization along characteristics.
Binding ratios by fluorescence with self-compensation for optical inner filter effects.

Abstract A simple procedure which self-compensates for optical inner filter effects has been developed for measuring the binding of ligands to macro-molecules by fluorescence measurements in moderately optically dense solutions. Correction for light source fluctuations during the course of measurement is also automatically achieved, provided the fluctuations are not too frequent, i.e., not greater than one every minute. The method is applicable both to systems involving fluorescing ligans which undergo a quantum efficiency change upon binding and to systems in which the macromolecule contains chromophores whose quantum efficiencies change upon ligand association. Examples of the use of the method with each type of system are presented in the text. The necessary fluorescence parameters are measurable with standard widely available commercial instrumentation. The general approach applied here to single-site proteins can, in principle, be extended to multisite systems as well.
An Unnatural Metropolis: Wresting New Orleans from Nature

Craig E. Colten. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2005. xiii and 245 pp., maps, photos, notes, and index. $39.95 cloth (ISBN 0-8071-2977-1). In recent years, several monographs have h...
An aircraft, aerosol sampling program: Some preliminary results

Abstract An aircraft sampling program to determine the vertical and size distributions of that part of the atmospheric aerosol with radius greater than 0.25 μ is described. The feasibility of using a single engine aircraft and a light scattering particle analyzer, for this work, is shown. Examples of the data are given and preliminary conclusions are drawn about the normal size distribution, effect of lapse rate on the vertical aerosol concentration gradient, effect of relative humidity on the size distribution, and the possibility of producing high concentrations of giant particles aloft.
New Frontiers in Controlling the Motion of Matter with Light: From Single Atoms to Neurons

In this talk I will discuss recent experiments in my group on the interactions and control of matter with light. At the atomic level we have been studying the interface between quantum mechanics and nonlinear dynamics. I will describe some recent experiments on atomic motion in "optical billiards", a new system that we developed, and indicate some future directions for quantum dynamics and control in many-body systems. In the past year we have also extended our work to the realm of biophysics in collaboration with the group of Josef Kas. We have shown experimentally that we can use weak light forces to precisely guide the direction of neuron growth, which opens many exciting directions for the future.
Area map of mouse visual cortex

It is controversial whether mouse extrastriate cortex has a “simple” organization in which lateral primary visual cortex (V1) is adjoined by a single area V2 or has a “complex” organization, in which lateral V1 is adjoined by multiple distinct areas, all of which share the vertical meridian with V1. Resolving this issue is important for understanding the evolution and development of cortical arealization. We have used triple pathway tracing combined with receptive field recordings to map azimuth and elevation in the same brain and have referenced these maps against callosal landmarks. We found that V1 projects to 15 cortical fields. At least nine of these contain maps with complete and orderly representations of the entire visual hemifield and therefore represent distinct areas. One of these, PM, adjoins V1 at the medial border. Five areas, P, LM, AL, RL, and A, adjoin V1 on the lateral border, but only LM shares the vertical meridian representation with V1. This suggests that LM is homologous to V2 and that the lateral extrastriate areas do not represent modules within a single area V2. Thus, mouse visual cortex is “simple” in the sense that lateral V1 is adjoined by a single V2-like area, LM, and “complex” in having a string of areas in lateral extrastriate cortex, which receive direct V1 input. The results suggest that large numbers of areas with topologically equivalent maps of the visual field emerge early in evolution and that homologous areas are inherited in different mammalian lineages. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:339–357, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Beliefs about control and the persistence of cleaning behaviour: An experimental analysis

Abstract Background and objectives Low perceived control (PC) and overestimations of controllability have each been related to obsessive compulsive (OC) symptoms and behaviour. OC beliefs and symptoms are also associated with a discrepancy between low perceived control (PC) and a high desire for control (DC). The present study sought to examine the influence of components of PC, low control-related self-efficacy (CSE) and high predicted controllability (PRC), on the persistence of cleaning behaviour and DC ratings. Methods A cleaning task was used to observe cleaning time (in seconds) in undergraduate participants ( n = 174) under two conditions of each of PRC (high versus low), and CSE (high versus low). DC ratings were taken prior to the cleaning task. Results It was demonstrated that PRC and CSE manipulations had differential effects on cleaning times and DC ratings, where significantly longer cleaning times were observed in the high (versus low) PRC condition, and in association with higher DC ratings reported in the low (versus high) CSE condition. However, regression analyses demonstrated that DC, PRC and CSE each accounted for significant variance in observed cleaning times. Limitations Teasing apart predictability from controllability is a methodological challenge in the manipulation of perceived control. Conclusions Findings highlight the importance of considering components of PC along with DC in OC-phenomenology; these will be discussed in the context of current cognitive theories of and treatments for OCD.
Factor structure of the diagnostic inventory of personality and symptoms in a private psychiatric hospital population

The factor structure of the Diagnostic Inventory of Personality and Symptoms (DIPS) in a private psychiatric patient population was examined (N = 60). Principal components factor analysis with Varimax rotation yielded three well-defined factors, which accounted for 70% of the total variance. These factors can be conceptualized as neurotic, psychotic, and characterological. Results support the construct validity of the Diagnostic Inventory of Personality and Symptoms and are discussed in relation to previous psychometric studies of psychopathology that employed the MMPI.
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma to the Anterior Uvea and Increased Carcinoembryonic Antigen Levels

A 47-year old man developed chronic unilateral iridocyclitis with secondary glaucoma, and increased plasma carcinoembryonic antigen levels. The eye was enucleated seven months later, and histopathologic examination revealed a metastatic mucin-producing carcinoembryonic antigen-positive adenocarcinoma. The patient died one year after the initial onset of symptoms. The primary site of the tumor was not proven, but most likely was the gastrointestinal tract.
Hematologic Malignancies With Primary Retroperitoneal Presentation Clinicopathologic Study of 32 Cases

Abstract Context.—The retroperitoneum is an uncommon location for primary lymphomatous involvement. Initial presentation of disease in this site (primary retroperitoneal lymphoma) is considered to be rare. Because of the uncommon anatomic location, the diagnosis and subsequent management of these patients tend to be difficult for both pathologists and clinicians. Objective.—This report describes our experience during a period of 6 years 4 months with patients with hematologic malignancies primarily presenting in the retroperitoneum. Design.—A retrospective search of our medical records generated 32 patients who presented initially with abdominal pain or discomfort as their predominant symptom and who were found by imaging studies to have retroperitoneal mass or masses. All the histopathology slides were reviewed and classified based on the World Health Organization classification. Results.—There were 13 male and 19 female patients. Tumor types included diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n = 12); grade 1 folli...
The Social Reproduction of Community-Based Development: Syncretism and Sustainability in a Senegalese Farmers' Association

This article traces the rise and decline of a grassroots community organisation in rural Senegal. It has three aims. First, it problematises the sometimes idealistic nature of the rhetoric and literature on community-based development. Second, it suggests three factors that contribute to the effectiveness of rural self-help organisations : educated and technocratically skilled leadership, unintentionally benevolent state neglect, and a willingness to syncretically recycle elements of ‘ traditional ’ social order and culture in the service of contemporary development tasks. Finally, the demise of the community-based organisation examined here suggests a need to shift focus away from the institutionalisation of communitybased or civil society organisations per se, and to consider instead the routinisation of the participatory, empowering, and deliberative socio-political conditions that make possible the regular emergence of new grassroots organisations across time within a given community. Recent events (since 2005) in the village in question support this shift, as a new generation of community leaders has begun to craft a new community organisation, explicitly built from the detritus of the older organisation described in this article.
Unusual ICD Access

Placement of leads for pacemakers and defibrillators can be challenging, owing to congenital or acquired limitations to cardiac chamber access and congenital or acquired intracardiac anomalies that preclude typical lead placement. Such challenges have given rise to numerous novel approaches to lead placement, which are reviewed briefly in this article. Isolated case reports or small case series dominate the literature, reflecting the vagaries and infrequency of the surgical hurdles encountered and the variety of solutions developed, a testimony to the adage “where there is a will, there is a way.” The belief that nearly any obstacle can be overcome underpins development of these novel approaches. This review is not encyclopedic but, it is hoped, will encourage creative thinking on the part of implanters when challenges arise.
Downsized testers use diverse new technologies

Several diverse new technologies were brought together during the development of two downsized testers for the F-16 Central Air Data Computer. The small size, clean design, and ease of operation produced as a result of this project illustrated the effectiveness of integrating these new technologies into a single system. This paper discusses changes in the test station development process that were brought about by these new technologies. >
The Sensitivity of Monsoon Climates to Orbital Parameter Changes for 9 000 Years BP : Experiments with the NCAR General Circulation Model

The July and January climates of 9 000 years ago are simulated with a high resolution general circulation model. The incoming solar radiation is specified from the orbital parameters for 9 000 years ago, and the effect of the remnant North American ice sheet is taken into account (sea-surface temperatures are not changed from modern values). The change in radiation causes temperatures to be higher in July and lower in January over large areas of the continents; the increased temperature contrast between land and ocean results in intensified monsoon circulation and increased precipitation over tropical lands. These findings agree with paleoclimatic evidence and with the results of experiments done using a low resolution model.
Relating audit and internal control objectives: A missing step in specifying compliance tests

Abstract Students often have difficulty in conceptualizing the relationship between reliance on a particular control and the attainment of a specific audit objective. In this article, the authors discuss an approach which demonstrates to students one way in which relevant internal controls can be identified and linked to specific audit objectives. The authors explain how a set of relevant internal controls can be selected for testing by relating these controls to specific audit objectives. The approach requires students to associate control objectives with audit objectives in a systematic manner.