cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Decision-Making Framework for Maintenance and Modernization of Transportation Infrastructure

System availability for aging transportation infrastructure decreases in the absence of maintenance and modernization activities. This degradation is compounded when coupled with the growing backlog of needs and limited resources, making prioritization of these activities a complex problem. Current decision-making techniques utilized to solve this complex problem lack a holistic approach, objectivity, and topological aspect. To address these shortcomings, this research proposes a new comprehensive decision-making framework for maintenance and modernization of aging transportation infrastructure. The framework first employs a systems thinking approach to identify impact factors, then conducts a complex network analysis to assess the location criticality of each component within the system, and finally applies an innovative Bayesian network structure learning method to eliminate subjective judgment and reduce the drawbacks of currently available learning algorithms when using real-world data. The robustness of the proposed framework is demonstrated via a case study for inland waterways. Analysis of the results confirm the prioritization determined by utilizing the proposed framework optimizes system availability. This framework provides decision makers with an index number representing the need for maintenance and modernization of each project and a prioritized list in terms of essentiality.
High-Grade Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Predictors of Functional Outcome

Background Because the prognosis of high-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), classified as World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grade IV–V, is generally poor, the functional outcomes of survivors have not been thoroughly explored. The aim of this retrospective cohort study is to determine predictors of functional independence in patients who survive a high-grade aSAH. Methods We retrospectively evaluated consecutive patients with aSAH admitted to a single institution from January 2000 to April 2015. Adult (age ≥18 years) patients with WFNS grade IV–V aSAH were included for analysis. Patients without sufficient baseline data, those who died before discharge, and those without follow-up data were excluded. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with functional independence, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2, at last follow-up. Results Of the 260 patients with a WFNS grade IV–V aSAH during the study period, 139 met the inclusion criteria. After a mean follow-up of 6.3 months, functional independence was achieved in 73% of high-grade aSAH survivors (101/139 patients) and in 39% of all high-grade aSAH cases (101/260 patients). Only a lack of cerebrospinal fluid shunt placement was found to be an independent predictor of functional independence in the multivariable analysis (odds ratio 0.28 [0.109–0.722]; P = 0.008). Conclusions Because functional independence can be achieved in the majority of high-grade aSAH survivors, aggressive initial management of high-grade aSAH is warranted. Strategies that reduce the need for permanent cerebrospinal fluid diversion may improve functional outcomes in survivors of high-grade aSAH.
A Computational Design Framework for Efficient, Fabrication Error-Tolerant, Planar THz Diffractive Optical Elements.

We demonstrate ultra-thin (1.5-3λ0), fabrication-error tolerant efficient diffractive terahertz (THz) optical elements designed using a computer-aided optimization-based search algorithm. The basic operation of these components is modeled using scalar diffraction of electromagnetic waves through a pixelated multi-level 3D-printed polymer structure. Through the proposed design framework, we demonstrate the design of various ultrathin planar THz optical elements, namely (i) a high Numerical Aperture (N.A.), broadband aberration rectified spherical lens (0.1 THz–0.3 THz), (ii) a spectral splitter (0.3 THz–0.6 THz) and (iii) an on-axis broadband transmissive hologram (0.3 THz–0.5 THz). Such an all-dielectric computational design-based approach is advantageous against metallic or dielectric metasurfaces from the perspective that it incorporates all the inherent structural advantages associated with a scalar diffraction based approach, such as (i) ease of modeling, (ii) substrate-less facile manufacturing, (iii) planar geometry, (iv) high efficiency along with (v) broadband operation, (vi) area scalability and (vii) fabrication error-tolerance. With scalability and error tolerance being two major bottlenecks of previous design strategies. This work is therefore, a significant step towards the design of THz optical elements by bridging the gap between structural and computational design i.e. through a hybrid design-based approach enabling considerably less computational resources than the previous state of the art. Furthermore, the approach used herein can be expanded to a myriad of optical elements at any wavelength regime.
Dual Targeting of Autophagy and MEK in KRAS Mutant Cancer.

In two recent articles, Kinsey et al. (Nature Medicine 2019;25:620–627) and Bryant et al. (Nature Medicine 2019;25:628–640) reported that inhibition of MEK–ERK signaling in KRAS-mutated cancers induced autophagic flux, presumably as a metabolic adaptation mechanism. Importantly, they demonstrated that autophagy blockade via chloroquine (CQ) or hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) enhanced the efficacy of MEK–ERK inhibition in various preclinical models of KRAS-driven cancers, providing a rational basis for future clinical evaluation of this combination therapy.
Alan Krueger mattered

Alan Krueger mattered in so many different ways that it’s hard to capture. Alan and his colleagues at Princeton single-handedly changed the way the economics profession addresses issues of causality versus correlation. Alan also mattered because he was an amazing mentor. It’s hard to find a person in empirical economics that doesn’t have a story about Alan' mentorship. Finally, Alan mattered because he had an important influence on economic policies in the U.S. Along every professional dimension that I personally value, be it academic success, policy influence, even engaging in new and fun areas, Alan was a leader.
Are going‐concern issues disclosed in audit reports associated with subsequent bankruptcy? Evidence from the United States

The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) has expressed interest in the following issues related to going‐concern modified audit opinions (GCOs): auditor's communication of factors that led to the GCO, the role of liquidity versus other factors in GCOs, and the subsequent failures of clients with GCOs. We use a sample of 2,921 first‐time GCOs spanning the years 1999 to 2015 in the United States and find that profitability factors are cited in 81% of GCOs while liquidity issues are cited in 56% of GCOs. Overall, 16.8% of the first‐time GCO clients entered bankruptcy within one year. After controlling for the probability of bankruptcy, client size, and auditor type, for clients of Big N auditors, the disclosure of profitability factors in the GCO is associated with a higher likelihood of subsequent bankruptcy; in contrast, for clients of non–Big N auditors, disclosures of liquidity and solvency problems are associated with a higher likelihood of subsequent bankruptcy. Our findings provide an empirical grounding for the debates surrounding GCOs and provide useful information for standard‐setters and financial statement users.
Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass

Sustainable biomass, with number of environmental and economic advantages, has enormous potential in reducing fossil fuels usage to mitigate climate change and achieving low-carbon economy. Because of variety of biomass species with numerous physical and chemical properties, conversion of biomass feedstocks into bioenergy and bio-based products involves a broad diversity of existing and emerging pre-treatment and conversion technologies. Biomass conversion into power, heat, fuels and bio-based products, based on the specific feedstock, is generally categorized into two major conversion pathways—biochemical and thermochemical. Thermochemical conversion technologies to convert sustainable biomass and organic waste into energy forms (heat, power, fuels and bio-based materials) can be categorized as direct combustion, gasification and pyrolysis based on the amount of oxidizing agent present. In this chapter, biomass thermochemical conversion to low-carbon energy and bio-based product production pathways is discussed.
EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STUDENTS’ CREATION OF SPECIFIC DIGITAL PRODUCTS AND THEIR TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT SCORES

This study presented a secondary analysis of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) dataset. The paper examined the impact of eighth grade students’ specific digital product creation on their Technology & Engineering Literacy ICT scores. In order to gain a better understanding of the impact of computer use technology achievement of eighth-grade students, this study used a quantitative descriptive research design to analyze secondary data extracted from the 2018 NAEP data set. The findings include (1) using computers to create, edit, or organize digital media both for school work and activities beyond school increased overall ICT scores. (2) The average score of students who used computers to create presentations in school increased while those who did this activity after school time saw a decrease in scores. (3) Students who reported that they create spreadsheets mostly saw a decrease in their average ICT score no matter the frequency or purpose for the activity. These findings may indicate that there is an ideal frequency for digital product creation in school, but that these types of activities may not be indicative of real-world use which is how students are assessed.
Immateriality and Early Modern English Literature: Shakespeare, Donne, Herbert

Few topics in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries provoked such a diversity of responses than the distinction between material and immaterial bodies. We might think of the Eucharist,...
Exploring the affordances of computer-based assessment in measuring three-dimensional science learning

The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) calls for higher proficiency in K-12 science through three-dimensional learning, defined as the integration of core ideas, science practices, and cross-cutting concepts. This indicates a shift from recitation of isolated scientific facts towards a contextualised application of scientific ideas, requiring students to develop and evidence their knowledge by constructing and defending explanations of scientific problems and phenomena. In response to NGSS's three-dimensional science learning, computer-based assessments of novel 3D items were created; permitting more complex responses and evidence of knowledge than traditional multiple-choice questions (MCQs). This case study used task-based interviews to compare students' responses to 3D items against comparable MCQs. Results demonstrate that 3D items are equally or more effective to MCQs for evaluating proficiency in three-dimensional science learning. This research suggests that, with further development, 3D items delivered in an online format are a scalable and suitable tool for statewide accountability testing.
The Holmeses at the Supreme Court

When Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., the famous real-life lawyer, arrived at the U.S. Supreme Court in 1902, he brought with him -- consciously or not, I do not know which -- Sherlock Holmes, the famous fictional detective. After that, Sherlock Holmes began appearing in many context involving the Supreme Court and individual Justices. This is a survey of those Holmesian-Sherlockian developments during the first three-and-a-half decades of the 20th century.
The OMM-severed and IMM-ubiquitinated mitochondria are intermediates of mitochondrial proteotoxicity-induced autophagy in PRKN/parkin-deficient cells.

Among other mechanisms, mitochondrial membrane dynamics including mitochondrial fission and fusion, and the activity of the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system (UPS) both are critical for maintaining ...
Impaction Bone Grafting for Treatment of Unstable Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD) Lesions

Abstract Although treatment options for unstable and unsalvageable large osteochondral lesions have largely been limited to autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) and osteochondral allografts, isolated impaction bone grafting represents a cost-friendly alternative, with predictable outcomes comparable to other options. Furthermore, the procedure can be completed in a single stage on an elective basis. We present our technique for impaction bone grafting of unstable osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) using either cancellous autograft or allograft.
Internet retrieval and dissemination of engineering documentation: prelude to the World Wide Web technological mall

In the Information Age, Corporate America needs to realize that the most efficient and effective organizations are often the ones that are good at accessing, processing and retrieving vital information. American manufacturing design activities, which were responsible for developing and/or maintaining engineering documents, have come to realize the need for the latest technology for the dissemination of engineering documentation. However, at the same time, it is necessary to protect this information without compromising its accessibility and integrity. The ability to expeditiously retrieve engineering documents is important for maintaining America's position in global competition and by the armed forces for America's security. Yet, these paper-intensive organizations have had great difficulties in storing and using engineering documents. As the volume of data generated continued to climb, organizations are finding that accessibility to their information is decreasing. Traditional methods for the delivery of engineering documents has created numerous problems ranging from the inability to find, use and update engineering documents to errors, unnecessary expenditures, and untimely delays in the shipment of critical equipment. Internet retrieval of documents offers manufacturing design organizations a highly cost-effective approach towards rectification. In this study, the researcher analyzed what had been the conventional approaches of engineering documents' storage and retrieval and what actions America design activities were taking to achieve change. The development and key aspects of the Web (World Wide Web) are discussed. Six case studies are described and analyzed: three involving traditional EDMS (engineering document management systems) and three involving different Internet approaches. In this study, a proposed methodology was developed using the Web to implement a multi-manufacturer technological mall that allowed secure access and delivery of manufacturers' solicitations and engineering documentation.
Metabolism of diethylhexyl phthalate by rats : Isolation and characterization of the urinary metabolites

Abstract The metabolites appearing in the urine of rats fed di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate have been isolated by two procedures, thin-layer chromatography of the free metabolites, or thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography after treatment with diazomethane. The metabolites were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The only metabolites found were those to be expected from ω- and (ω—1)-oxidation of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate without attack on the aromatic ring. Conjugates were apparently not formed, and free phthalic acid amounted to less than 3% of the urinary metabolites.
Plowing for Rover Control on Extreme Slopes

Planetary rovers are increasingly challenged to negotiate extreme terrain. Early destinations have been benign to preclude risk, but canyons, funnels, and newly discovered holes present steep slopes that defy tractive descent. Steep craters and holes with unconsolidated material pose a particularly treacherous danger to modern rovers. This research explores robotic braking by plowing, a novel method for decreasing slip and improving mobility while driving on steep unconsolidated slopes. This technique exploits subsurface strength that is under, not on, weak soil. Starting with experimental work on Icebreaker, a tracked rover, and concluding with detailed plow testing in a wheel test-bed the plow is developed for use. This work explores using plows of different diameters and at different depths as well as the associated braking force. By plowing the Icebreaker rover can successfully move on a slope with a high degree of accuracy thereby enabling science targets on slopes and crater walls to now be considered accessible.
Analysis of Immunotoxicity by Enumeration of Antibody‐Producing B Cells

The plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay measures the humoral immune response mediated by the concerted actions of antigen-presenting cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes. The most common form of the plaque method is used for the detection of murine primary IgM antibodies directed against the T cell–dependent sheep red blood cell (sRBC) surface antigens. Research has shown that the PFC response to sRBC is not only an excellent monitor of the primary effector function of the B cell, but that it may be the most sensitive immune parameter currently available to identify chemical perturbation. Several modifications and variations of the PFC assay are described in detail in this unit. Keywords: Immunotoxicity; humoral immunity; antibody-forming cells
A centralized data access model for grid computing

Global access to storage is a common theme of grid computing, with access mechanisms often enforcing a major restriction on the distribution of significant applications across a computational grid. The established approach is to distribute the data with the jobs, sometimes requiring lengthy delays on job completion and the necessity for significant resource discovery to establish local data capabilities. For applications that are truly data intensive, this may render them either highly inefficient, or even incapable of using grid computing environments. In this paper we describe a different approach, where the opportunity to design a grid environment from scratch is used to build a tightly-coupled, data-oriented infrastructure that leverages deep investment in leading edge technology to provide very high-speed, widespread access to large data storage. Results from a geographically distributed grid established for the Supercomputing 2002 conference, using preliminary TeraGrid infrastructure, are included and show encouraging performance including data transfer rates of over 700 MB/s using eight 1 Gb/s links from a storage area network to a 10 Gb/s wide area network.
Mutual consideration of b → sγ and μ → eγ in supersymmetric SO(10) grand unification☆

Abstract We compare the branching ratios for b → sγ and μ → eγ in terms of constraining the parameter space in supersymmetric SO(10) grand unification models where supersymmetry is broken softly near the Planck scale by generationally symmetric operators. We observe two general cases. One with small tan β = 2 and the other one with large tan β having third generation Yukawa coupling unification at the GUT scale. We show that for small tan β the branching ratio constraints allow only a smaller region of parameter space for μ > 0 compared to μ 0 parameter space is found to be given by the b → sγ branching ratio, while for large tan β with μ μ → eγ branching ratio. In many of these acceptable regions, we find that the μ → eγ branching ratio is predicted to be within one order of magnitude of its current experimental bound. We also show that the usually neglected gluino mediated diagrams in b → sγ can not be ignored in some regions of parameter space, especially for large tan β scenarios when the gluino mass is near its lower experimental bound.
Global spread and evolution of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus

Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) is a rhabdovirus that infects over 48 species of teleosts and is lethal in many. VHSV threatens marine and aquatic fisheries. VHSV was first discovered outside Europe in 1988 in fish from the Pacific coast of North America. In 1994, VHSV was discovered in Newfoundland. In 2003, VHSV was isolated from fish in Lake St. Clair (Michigan and Ontario). In this study, we used 46 nucleotide sequences for the glycoprotein gene from 12 studies and 150 nucleotide sequences for the nucleoprotein gene from nine studies. We combined phylogenetics and a geographic information system to visualize the transmission paths of VHSV lineages. We also reconstructed the spread of VHSV lineages through optimization of geographic data for viral isolates on phylogenetic trees. We demonstrate that VHSV was transmitted from the North Atlantic Ocean and/or Baltic Sea to the Atlantic coast of North America and Japan in independent events. From the Atlantic coast, the virus was transmitted independently to the Laurentian Great Lakes and the Pacific coast of Canada and the contiguous United States. From the Pacific Northwest, the virus was transmitted to Asia and Alaska in independent events. These results clarify the debate ongoing in the literature on the geographic spread of VHSV.
Strategic Decision Making in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Cognitive behavioural therapists face numerous instances during each session and throughout the course of treatment in which they must make a clinical decision. These "decision points" include instances in which any number of clinical issues could be addressed, a specific intervention is not achieving its desired effect, the patient does not understand or accept the rationale for the technique, or a crisis has emerged that requires a shift in focus. This book describes strategic decision making, a flexible yet evidenced-based approach to working through decision points in order to move treatment forward in cognitive behavioural therapy. It dispels the myth that there is a single "right" therapeutic intervention that must be delivered in any one instance; in fact, many courses of action can facilitate change provided they are implemented strategically. Strategic decisions:follow logically from the case conceptualizationare arrived upon collaboratively between the therapist and patientallow the patient to leave the session with something neware seen through in their entirety before their effectiveness is evaluatedThis compelling, accessible book will benefit all cognitive behavioural therapists, especially those who have mastered basic concepts and are refining their skills in applying them to complex cases.
Light-Induced Formation of Silver Particles and Clusters in Crosslinked PVA/PAA Films

Thin films able to sustain an efficient photoreduction of Ag+ ions with 350 nm photons in air were prepared by crosslinking poly(vinyl alcohol) with glutaraldehyde in the presence of poly(acrylic acid). Standard colloid techniques served as screening methods for the selection of polymer compositions yielding films with desired properties. When present at high concentrations, Ag+ ions were reduced at room temperature in the films by poly(vinyl alcohol) but poly(acrylic acid) inhibited the slow dark reaction. Optical signals with maxima above 400 nm resulted from both reduction processes. The available evidence confirmed that they originated from nanometer-sized metal particles and is inconsistent with results for other proposed chromophores. An additional absorption centered at 280 nm that formed only under illumination was assigned to Ag3+ clusters. Small Ag crystallites with similar size distributions and with an average diameter of 5 nm were the main product of the photoreduction in non-crosslinked or c...
Minimum matrix rank of k-regular (0,1) matrices

Abstract In this paper we present results on minimum boolean and nonnegative integer rank of k-regular (0,1)-matrices. Results on these semiring ranks give equivalent results on minimum biclique covering numbers and partition numbers for k-regular bipartite graphs and digraphs.
Activity of Insulin in Diabetic Hyperglycemic Animals

Conclusions1. In 8 diabetic dogs there was a definite decrease in the hyperglycemia during the hourly injection of amounts of insulin less than that required for the maintenance of a constant blood sugar level within the normal physiological range. Hourly amounts of insulin which would have allowed the blood sugar to rise when given at a level of 100 mg. % caused the blood sugar to fall when given at hyperglycemic levels. 2. In untreated diabetes mellitus, factors other than the hyperglycemia must be responsible for the severity of the condition, as the high blood sugar per se does not interfere with the ordinary action of insulin.
Long-term sampling of airborne bacteria and fungi into a non- evaporating liquid

Abstract Conventional sampling of bioaerosols into liquid impingers can only be performed with water or another low-viscosity liquid as the collection medium. Since these liquids evaporate quickly, sampling is generally limited to short-time periods of 15–30 min. In this study, our recently developed “BioSampler”, has been used with a non-evaporating, higher viscosity liquid that does not kill nor grow microorganisms, and thus has been used to sample airborne bacteria and fungi for several hours. In side-by-side comparisons with the conventional AGI-30 impinger, sampling indoor air environments over short-time periods, the BioSampler yielded equivalent or higher culturable counts for bacteria and fungi than the AGI-30 when both samplers were operated for 30 min with 20 ml of phosphate buffer as the collection medium. The bio-efficiency of the AGI-30 decreased rapidly with sampling time until the liquid had evaporated after about 1 1 2 h. When the BioSampler was operated for 4 h with non-evaporating heavy white mineral oil, the collection efficiency decreased only moderately due to minimal reaerosolization of collected particles and gentle collection of the viable microorganisms. Samples obtained through long-term sampling with the BioSampler may detect culturable bacteria and fungi at lower ambient concentration levels than is possible through conventional liquid impingement sampling over short-time periods.
Kynurenic Acid as a Ligand for Orphan G Protein-coupled Receptor GPR35

Local catabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan is considered an important mechanism in regulating immunological and neurological responses. The kynurenine pathway is the main route for the non-protein metabolism of tryptophan. The intermediates of the kynurenine pathway are present at micromolar concentrations in blood and are regulated by inflammatory stimuli. Here we show that GPR35, a previously orphan G protein-coupled receptor, functions as a receptor for the kynurenine pathway intermediate kynurenic acid. Kynurenic acid elicits calcium mobilization and inositol phosphate production in a GPR35-dependent manner in the presence of Gqi/o chimeric G proteins. Kynurenic acid stimulates [35S]guanosine 5′-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) binding in GPR35-expressing cells, an effect abolished by pertussis toxin treatment. Kynurenic acid also induces the internalization of GPR35. Expression analysis indicates that GPR35 is predominantly detected in immune cells and the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, we show that kynurenic acid inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-α secretion in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Our results suggest unexpected signaling functions for kynurenic acid through GPR35 activation.
Dendritic crystals - Rule of thumb breaks down

A combination of computer simulation and experimental work has shown that the growth of dendritic structures during solidification is more complex than previously thought.
Successful treatment of posttraumatic hemiballismus with intrathecal baclofen therapy.

ABSTRACTFrancisco GE: Successful treatment of posttraumatic hemiballismus with intrathecal baclofen therapy. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2006;85:779–782.Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) therapy is widely used in the management of spastic hypertonia and dystonia resulting from a multitude of conditions that pres
TH‐C‐204B‐10: Implementation of a Small Animal Image Guided Microirradiator: The MicroIGRT

Purpose: Implementation of a conformal small animal image guided microirradiation therapy instrument (microIGRT) consisting of a cone beam microCT subsystem for submillimeter low dose structural imagingimage guided radiotherapy and orthovoltage conformal microirradiation with high dose rate and high throughput. Method and Materials: The microCT subsystem is based on an 80kVp micro‐focus x‐ray source with 75×75 μm2 focal spot and a flat panel amorphous silicondetector with 1024×1024 pixels. The irradiator consists of a high power commercially available 320 kVp orthovoltage source with a 0.4×0.4 mm2 focal spot that can be operated at a nominal power of 800W. The beam characteristics are controlled with two variable jaws used to pre‐collimate the radiation beam along each orthogonal direction. An aperture exchange mechanism is used to conform the beam cross section by using computer generated apertures. The microCT radiationdose the orthovoltage source spectral output and dose rate are under evaluation using a mouse digital phantom and a pencil beam algorithm. Results:CTimaging with micrometric resolution is achievable using 128 projections and a maximum radiationdose of 2cGy. Automatic animal positioning and handling is performed within sub‐millimeter precision. The treatment beam can be aimed at different latitude and longitude angles and translated with 500 μm steps. The source was tested to deliver a radiationdose rate of 20 Gy/min when is filtered to a half‐value layer of 4.6 mm Cu. Conclusion: We present our progress and initial tests of a highly conformal image guided small animal microirradiator.
Formation of a type I collagen RNA dimer by intermolecular base-pairing of a conserved sequence around the translation initiation site

A symmetrical sequence around the translation initiation site of several collagen genes is highly conserved. Deletions in this sequence increase translational efficiency of an alpha 2(I) collagen - CAT chimeric gene after DNA transfection of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts (Schmidt, Rossi and de Crombrugghe, submitted). The secondary structure, predicted by the sequence of this segment, was shown to exist in solution in 200 mM NaCl at 37 degrees C. Cell-free translation of the corresponding RNA using a reticulocyte lysate is inhibited 2 to 4-fold by preincubation with a 0.5 M NaCl extract of an NIH 3T3 ribosomal eluate. Cell-free translation of two mutant RNAs, with partial deletions of the conserved sequence, is not inhibited by such preincubation. This inhibition is not due to degradation of the RNA and requires a protein component of the ribosomal eluate, which, however, is not required after the preincubation step. Preincubation of the RNA with the ribosomal eluate from NIH 3T3 fibroblasts causes the reversible formation of an intermolecular dimer in which the conserved symmetrical sequences hybridize to each other. This results in an increase in the degree of secondary structure of the conserved segment around the translation initiation site. We speculate that translational efficiency could be modulated by influencing the equilibrium between monomer and dimer.
Generation of theta rhythm in medial entorhinal cortex of freely moving rats

A regular slow wave theta rhythm can be recorded in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) of freely moving rats during voluntary behaviors and paradoxical sleep. Electrode penetrations normal to the cortical layers proceeding from the deeper to the more superficial layers reveal a continuous theta rhythm in layers IV-III (deep MEC theta rhythm) with an amplitude maximum in layer III, a null between the outer one-third of layer III and the inner one-half of layer I, and a continuous phase-reversed theta rhythm in layers II-I (superficial MEC theta rhythm) with an amplitude maximum there. Deep MEC theta rhythm is similar in phase and wave shape to CA1 theta rhythm; superficial MEC theta rhythm is similar in phase to DG theta rhythm. Laminar profiles throughout MEC show that the theta rhythm is generated there; it is not volume conducted from hippocampus.
Myoepithelial cell differentiation markers in prepubertal bovine mammary gland: Effect of ovariectomy

We reported previously that ovariectomy alters prepubertal development of mammary myoepithelial cells (MC) by mechanisms that are not well understood. Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed expression of 2 myoepithelial differentiation markers, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CD10), in mammary parenchymal tissue from intact (INT) and ovariectomized (OVX) heifers. On d 40, Holstein heifers underwent either an ovariectomy (OVX; n = 16) or a sham (INT; n = 21) operation. At 55, 70, 85, 100, 130, and 160 d of age, tissues were collected, and multispectral imaging was used to quantify immunofluorescent staining for myoepithelial cell (MC) markers. Fluorescent intensity (FI) of the markers was normalized against a control sample. In the basal epithelial layer, CD10 FI was less and SMA FI was greater in OVX than INT. The ratio of SMA to CD10 FI, as a proxy indicator for MC differentiation, was greater in tissue from OVX compared with INT heifers after 55 d of age. The staining for SMA was frequently more intense along the basal aspect of cells, whereas CD10 expression was localized on the apical surface of the MC. In mammary tissue from both INT and OVX heifers, we observed basal cells that were negative for both CD10 and SMA, some of which appeared to span the distance from basement membrane to the ductal lumen. Interestingly, we also observed CD10 + cells adjacent to the ductal lumen, a situation that was more prevalent in OVX than in INT heifers. Also, ovariectomy affects MC expression of both SMA and CD10, as well as the pattern of MC development. Myoepithelial cells are known to limit parenchymal growth in other species. Involvement of MC as regulators of prepubertal bovine mammary development is worthy of further investigation.
A rapid-freezing and freeze-fracturing method applied to the aggregation of hapten-bearing liposomes

Freeze-fracture electron microscopy with rapid-freezing was applied to a model system which the hapten-bearing liposomes were induced to aggregate by inter-liposomal bivalent binding of monoclonal antibodies. The results show that this technique can be applied not only to a morphological study of aggregation but also to a kinetic analysis of aggregation
TOXICOLOGY AND SPERMICIDAL ACTIVITY OF A NEW CONTRACEPTIVE CREAM CONTAINING CHLORINDANOL AND LAURETH 9.

Abstract Lanettes® is a new contraceptive aerosol cream formulation containing two spermicidal ingredients: 7-chloro-4-indanol, and laureth 9, a polyoxyethylene lauryl ether. The aerosol cream was tested by three recognized spermicidal test procedures and was found to be a highly spermicidal preparation. Spermatozoa were immobilized in less than 20 seconds even after a 100-fold dilution. This preparation is a nongreasy, nonsoapy, nonstaining preparation and has moniliastatic and trichomonacidal properties. The individual dose units are so designed that the entire contents of the glass vial can be deposited in the vaginal vault. Expansion occurs in the vagina rather than in the dispenser, and the foam coats the vaginal walls and the streaming mucus and blocks a normally positioned cervical os. The aerosol cream was nonirritating to vaginal and cervical mucosae of beagle dogs when deposited 79 times in 183 days and it failed to adversely affect the animals in any way. Thirteen male volunteers repeatedly applied liberal amounts of the aerosol cream to penile surfaces for 8 hours or longer, four times a week for 2 weeks, and observed no ill effects. A challenge application 2 weeks later failed to elicit sensitization.
Estimated Frequency of Handovers in Muos

In the DOD Mobile User Operational System (MUOS), extremely large beams (cells), relatively small number of users traveling at high velocities, and relatively short call hold times indicate that handovers (all of which are hard handovers) will occur far less frequently than in typical commercial systems. In this paper, we estimate the frequency of handovers in MUOS using different levels of handover suppression. Handover suppression refers to the practice of delaying the time at which a handover would normally take place In this work, we develop mathematical expressions representing the probability of handover for MUOS users engaged in point-to-point calls and use Mathematica to evaluate said expressions to extract probability values. We first compute results based upon user movement only and then factor in the effects of satellite motion.
I'm Not Prejudiced, But…: A Deeper Look at Racial Attitudes*

Black and white people experience race relations from different social positions, thus, interpret questions about race relations differently. Structured interviews were conducted with a random sample of residents from Philadelphia and Meridian, Mississippi. These data indicate that there is a wider gap between these blacks and whites regarding their perceptions of discrimination than the gap documented by national surveys. There are interesting differences in the way the two groups interpret themselves as racist, or not, and how they remember their communities’interracial history. Content analysis is used to demonstrate differences in the understanding of race relations, segregation, and perceived danger from racially motivated violence.
Multidisciplinary Treatment of Pediatric Obesity: Nutrition Evaluation and Management

Assessment and treatment methods for pediatric obesity are rapidly evolving. Thought to be caused by an imbalance of caloric intake and expenditure, obesity requires a comprehensive evaluation of patient, familial, environmental, genetic, and cultural characteristics so clinicians can design successful interventions. Quantitative nutrition assessment of caloric intake is difficult and time consuming and should be used only in isolated settings, such as in the research setting, or if initial approaches to management have been unsuccessful. As an alternative, providers should identify dietary patterns or behaviors that have been linked to obesity and are promising targets for change. Clinicians should tailor interventions by considering patient and family motivation and readiness to change. Current guidelines recommend stepwise increases in treatment plans, and multidisciplinary treatment teams are recommended for patients who require intense intervention. Providers involved at the multidisciplinary level must incorporate their area of expertise into that of the team to develop a comprehensive management plan. This article reviews current recommendations for the evaluation and treatment of pediatric obesity with a focus on nutrition evaluation as part of a multidisciplinary team.
PNM smart grid demonstration project from modeling to demonstration

Distribution level modeling or monitoring has not been of primary concerns of the utility companies so far, because traditionally the electric power is delivered unidirectional from distribution substations to the customers. Meanwhile, integrating Distributed Energy Resources (DER) into the distribution feeders and contribution of the customers in demand response and other aspects of the future smart grid is starting to push system planners, utility companies and researchers to build unabridged and detailed model of the distribution feeders even down to home appliances level. GridLAB-D™ and Open-DSS are both open source software tools, designed for modeling distribution level power systems. Design and development of multiple algorithms for peak shaving, arbitrage, load shifting and smoothing scenarios is of major concerns. We show that very promising results in terms of modeling future smart grid and various possibilities are expected.
A rare case of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome presenting as secondary syphilis.

Immune reconstitution syndrome has rarely been reported in the context of syphilis infection. We report a patient with AIDS (CD4 42 cells/mm3, viral load 344,000 cp/ml), treated previously for secondary syphilis and started on an integrase inhibitor-based single-tablet antiretroviral treatment regimen. After four weeks of antiretroviral treatment, he presented with non-tender, non-blanching erythematous nodules on his chest, an elevated rapid plasma reagin (1:1024) and immune reconstitution (CD4 154 cells/mm3, HIV-RNA 130 cp/ml). A detailed workup to exclude opportunistic infections including secondary and neurosyphilis was performed. The patient was continued on antiretroviral treatment and treated empirically for neurosyphilis given cerebrospinal lymphocytosis and dermatopathology suggesting treponemal antigen-driven B-cell hyperplasia. We favour a diagnosis of immune reconstitution in association with prior syphilis infection attributable to rapid and potent immune restoration afforded by integrase inh...
Evaluation of Florigraze Rhizoma Peanut Leaf Meal (Arachis glabrata) as a Pigment Source for Laying Hens

Abstract Dehydrated peanut leaf meal from a rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata) was evaluated for pigmentation of egg yolks in comparison with beta-apo-8′-carotenal and two natural pigment sources: yellow corn and alfalfa leaf meal. The effect on yolk color of feeding rhizoma forage peanut and dehydrated leaf meal from the common peanut (A. hypogaea) was also investigated. CIE system values of dominant wavelength (DWL), excitation purity, and luminosity were used for color analysis. The data indicated that xanthophylls in the peanut leaf meals were readily available to the hen for deposition in the egg yolk and that the yolks’ DWL resulting from the feeding of these leaf meals was similar to that observed for Apo-carotenal®. Further, the rhizoma peanut leaf meal supplied an equivalent pigmentation to that supplied by alfalfa and thus could be substituted for this feedstuff on the basis of pigment analysis.
The fine structure of microgametogenesis in Haemoproteus columbae Kruse.

SYNOPSIS. The structural changes leading to the formation of motile microgametes from a single immobile intracellular gametocyte have been examiued in the electron microscope. After pigeon blood infected with Haemoproteus columbae was exposed to the air at room temperature for a few minutes axonemes appeared in the parasite's cytoplasm and the cytoplasm itself appeared less dense. The axonemes were connected with bundles of intranuclear microtubules that were perhaps spindle fibers. No conventional kinetosomes or centrioles have been observed. After the microgametocyte left the erythrocyte, it assumed the shape of a polarized slug or a dumb-bell. Half of the organism was surrounded by a single membrane and filled by part of the nucleus. The other half was surrounded by the remains of the multiple membranes of the gametocyte and contained pigment granules, mitochondria, axonemes and nuclear extensions. The axonemes and nuclear extensions were segregated at the periphery of the cell, exterior to the gametocyte's inner membrane, and were assembled in situ into microgametes. The mature microgamete appeared to peel off from the gametocyte, leaving a residual body.
A Strong Szegő Theorem for Jacobi Matrices

We use a classical result of Golinskii and Ibragimov to prove an analog of the strong Szegő theorem for Jacobi matrices on \(l^2(\mathbb{N})\). In particular, we consider the class of Jacobi matrices with conditionally summable parameter sequences and find necessary and sufficient conditions on the spectral measure such that \(\sum_{k=n}^\infty b_k\) and \(\sum_{k=n}^\infty (a_k^2 - 1)\) lie in \(l^2_1\), the linearly-weighted l2 space.
Terahertz absorption in non-polar, non-hydrogen-bonding liquids

We present results from our investigation into the liquid-lattice structures of n-pentane (C 5 H 12 ) through n-hexadecane (C 16 H 34 ). We observe alternating absorption values, at single frequencies, which are surprising and provide information about long-range correlations in liquids.
Testing the covariance structure of multivariate random fields

There is an increasing wealth of multivariate spatial and multivariate spatio-temporal data appearing. For such data, an important part of model building is an assessment of the properties of the underlying covariance function describing variable, spatial and temporal correlations. In this paper, we propose a methodology to evaluate the appropriateness of several types of common assumptions on multivariate covariance functions in the spatio-temporal context. The methodology is based on the asymptotic joint normality of the sample space-time cross-covariance estimators. Specifically, we address the assumptions of symmetry, separability and linear models of coregionalization. We conduct simulation experiments to evaluate the sizes and powers of our tests and illustrate our methodology on a trivariate spatio-temporal dataset of pollutants over California.
Some counter-examples in topological entropy

TN THIS paper six examples are constructed of compact metric spaces with self homeomorphisms which answer in the negative certain questions raised in the theory of topological entropy. The first example is of two commuting homeomorphisms with the property that the entropy of their composite is greater than the sum of their entropies. The second example shows that the entropy of a homeomorphism may not be the supremum of the restriction of that homeomorphism to the minimal subsets. The third is a construction of finite closed covers with large entropy and the fourth is a construction of finitely additive measures with large entropy. The final two examples show that two kinds of homomorphisms may not preserve entropy in the expected manner.
Arendt and cosmopolitanism: the human conditions of cosmopolitan teacher education

Despite the diversity of cosmopolitan philosophical thought, two constants remain: the significance of shared humanity and the idea that this fact should shape the way people live with each other. I will argue that Hannah Arendt’s conceptions of the human conditions of plurality, natality, and action offer cosmopolitan educators an improved grounding for their theoretical foundations and crucial points of emphasis for teacher education in opposition to the educationally destructive effects of standardization in education. Cosmopolitan characteristics such as democratic inclusion, openness, and dynamic engagement emerge as embodiments of morality wherein the preservation of the human condition of natality is vital for the public expression (action) of one’s humanity. Arendt’s conditions serve as the ‘is’ to cosmopolitan education’s ‘ought,’ wherein the human conditions of plurality, natality, and action support the creativity, fluidity, and unpredictability of lived lives and frame the context in which cosmopolitan teacher education responds, offering teacher educators a theoretical foundation and language to forestall or reverse the educationally devastating effects of standardization in education. Keywords: action; humanity; international; morality; natality; plurality; public; standardization (Published: 16 January 2013) Citation: Ethics & Global Politics, Vol. 5, No. 4 , 2012, pp. 239-258 http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/egp.v5i4.20271