cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reconciling Pyroclastic Flow and Surge: the Multiphase Physics of Pyroclastic Density Currents.

Abstract Two end-member types of pyroclastic density current are commonly recognized: pyroclastic surges are dilute currents in which particles are carried in turbulent suspension and pyroclastic flows are highly concentrated flows. We provide scaling relations that unify these end-members and derive a segregation mechanism into basal concentrated flow and overriding dilute cloud based on the Stokes number (ST), the stability factor (ΣT) and the dense–dilute condition (DD). We recognize five types of particle behaviors within a fluid eddy as a function of ST and ΣT: (1) particles sediment from the eddy, (2) particles are preferentially settled out during the downward motion of the eddy, but can be carried during its upward motion, (3) particles concentrate on the periphery of the eddy, (4) particles settling can be delayed or ‘fast-tracked’ as a function of the eddy spatial distribution, and (5) particles remain homogeneously distributed within the eddy. We extend these concepts to a fully turbulent flow by using a prototype of kinetic energy distribution within a full eddy spectrum and demonstrate that the presence of different particle sizes leads to the density stratification of the current. This stratification may favor particle interactions in the basal part of the flow and DD determines whether the flow is dense or dilute. Using only intrinsic characteristics of the current, our model explains the discontinuous features between pyroclastic flows and surges while conserving the concept of a continuous spectrum of density currents.
Ionic Liquids as Alternatives to Traditional Organic and Inorganic Solvents

The physical and chemical properties of ionic liquids are compared to those of traditional solvents. The behaviour of the SN2 reaction and Diels-Alder reaction occurring in ionic liquids and common solvents is compared and contrasted. The chemistry occurring in several common ionic liquids is also assessed.
Stem cells in colon cancer.

Abstract The concept that cancer might arise from a rare population of cells with stem cell–like properties was proposed 150 years ago. Increasing evidence during the past 2 decades suggests the existence of a small subgroup of cells in cancer that are responsible for tumor growth and proliferation. Stem cells have selfrenewing properties; thus, they are appealing candidates for generating the malignant phenotype. Although the concept of stem cells in leukemia has received significant attention for more than the past decade, over the past several years, expression of several surface markers on cancer cells has led to identification of tumor-initiating cells in several solid tumors, including melanoma, brain, breast, prostate, liver, pancreatic, ovarian, and recently, colon cancer. This review will provide an update of the biologic basis of the stem cell model and possible targets for the treatment of colon cancer.
Over-Expression of TRESK K+ Channels Reduces the Excitability of Trigeminal Ganglion Nociceptors

TWIK-related spinal cord K(+) (TRESK) channel is abundantly expressed in trigeminal ganglion (TG) and dorsal root ganglion neurons and is one of the major background K(+) channels in primary afferent neurons. Mutations in TRESK channels are associated with familial and sporadic migraine. In rats, both chronic nerve injury and inflammation alter the expression level of TRESK mRNA. Functional studies indicate that reduction of endogenous TRESK channel activity results in hyper-excitation of primary afferent neurons, suggesting that TRESK is a potential target for the development of new analgesics. However, whether and how enhancing TRESK channel activity would decrease the excitability of primary afferent neurons has not been directly tested. Here, we over-expressed TRESK subunits in cultured mouse TG neurons by lipofectamine-mediated transfection and investigated how this altered the membrane properties and the excitability of the small-diameter TG population. To account for the heterogeneity of neurons, we further divided small TG neurons into two groups, based on their ability to bind to fluorescently-labeled isolectin B (IB4). The transfected TG neurons showed a 2-fold increase in the level of TRESK proteins. This was accompanied by a significant increase in the fraction of lamotrigine-sensitive persistent K(+) currents as well as the size of total background K(+) currents. Consequently, both IB4-positive and IB4-negative TG neurons over-expressing TRESK subunits exhibited a lower input resistance and a 2-fold increase in the current threshold for action potential initiation. IB4-negative TG neurons over-expressing TRESK subunits also showed a significant reduction of the spike frequency in response to supra-threshold stimuli. Importantly, an increase in TRESK channel activity effectively inhibited capsaicin-evoked spikes in TG neurons. Taken together, our results suggest that potent and specific TRESK channel openers likely would reduce the excitability of primary afferent neurons and therefore are potential therapeutics for the treatment of migraine and other chronic pain symptoms.
CALCIUM EXCHANGE IN DOG VENTRICULAR MUSCLE: RELATION TO FREQUENCY OF CONTRACTION AND MAINTENANCE OF CONTRACTILITY.

Calcium exchange was studied in the arterially-perfused papillary muscle of the dog under the conditions of varying frequency of contraction as well as calcium-free perfusion. The following conclusions are drawn from these studies: (1) The maximum increment in rate of Ca++ uptake associated with increased rate of contraction occurs in the first 10 to 12 minutes following rate increase. The mean increment over this period of time is 2.5 µmoles/liter tissue water/beat. (2) The increased Ca++ exchange which occurs in association with the increases in rate of contraction occurs within that portion of the myocardium represented kinetically by phase 2. (3) The Ca++ associated with phase 2 remains reversibly bound. The maximum capacity of the "phase 2 system" under the present experimental conditions, is approximately 3.2 mmoles Ca++/liter tissue water. (4) Exceeding the capacity of the "phase 2 system" for Ca++ is associated with the onset of contracture in the muscle. This occurs at rates of contraction which produce progressive fall in contractile tension and is associated, presumably, with myocardial hypoxia. That fraction of Ca++ taken up in excess of the capacity of the "phase 2 system" is released very slowly. (5) The initial increment of Ca++ uptake, following an increase in rate, is reversed if the rate increment is not associated with progressive fall in systolic tension and contracture. (6) The maintenance of the ability to develop contractile tension depends significantly upon the presence of Ca++ in the "phase 2 system.". The rate of loss of contractile tension is very nearly the same as the rate of loss of Ca++ from this system. (7) Ca++ exchange between vascular and interstitial regions depends upon concentration gradient. In contrast, Ca++ exchange of phases 2 and 3 ( ? sarcotubular system and intracellular region respectively) is unaffected by change of concentration gradient.
Picosecond radiative and nonradiative processes in As2S3 glass

Abstract The build-up and decay of band-tail excited photoluminescence (PL) in As2S3 glass was measured over 0-300 ps using picosecond laser jitterfree streak camera techniques. The maximum radiative rate is v1 ≈ 4 × 108 Hz. Nonradiative processes competing with v1 exhibit a T2-activated temperature dependence similar to the CW quantum efficiency. Different subsets of carriers appear to be involved in PL and photoinduced absorption.
Effect of hypermedia display interfaces in facilitating achievement of learning objectives

This experimental study was designed to compare three different types of hypermedia display interfaces in hypermedia design. They are: (1) browser-scroll, (2) frame-based, and (3) popup-window interfaces. This study also investigated the potential interaction between the interface and students' prior knowledge, since prior knowledge has long been considered an important learning variable for acquiring new information. 145 undergraduate students participated in the study. A statistical multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed to analyze collected data. Results showed significant main effects of the independent variables in all the criterion tests except for the treatment effect on the comprehension test.
HCI and the arts: a conflicted convergence?

A potential convergence is arising between HCI and the interactive arts. The goal of this SIG is to develop a conversation on the potential role of the arts in the HCI community, based on the soon-to-be released US National Academies National Computer Science and Telecommunications Board's report on Information Technology (IT) and creative practices [2]. What kinds of activities are taking place that combine serious creative artwork with HCI issues? What kinds of topics should HCI study to support interactive art? How could HCI benefit from a deep engagement with the arts, and what would such an engagement likely entail? What kinds of challenges might engagement between HCI and the arts present for the self-conception of each field? What institutions are available or should be created for interdisciplinary work between the arts and HCI? In what forums can this work be exchanged and discussed.
Investigation of Likelihood of Cracking in Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks

One of the biggest problems affecting bridges is the transverse cracking and deterioration of concrete bridge decks. The causes of early age cracking are primarily attributed to plastic shrinkage, temperature effects, autogenous shrinkage, and drying shrinkage. The cracks can be influenced by material characteristics, casting sequence, formwork, climate conditions, geometry, and time dependent factors. The cracking of bridge decks not only creates unsightly aesthetic condition but also greatly reduces durability. It leads to a loss of functionality, loss of stiffness, and ultimately loss of structural safety. This investigation consists of field, laboratory, and analytical phases. The experimental and field testing investigate the early age transverse cracking of bridge decks and evaluate the use of sealant materials. The research identifies suitable materials, for crack sealing, with an ability to span cracks of various widths and to achieve performance criteria such as penetration depth, bond strength, and elongation. This paper also analytically examines the effect of a wide range of parameters on the development of cracking such as the number of spans, the span length, girder spacing, deck thickness, concrete compressive strength, dead load, hydration, temperature, shrinkage, and creep. The importance of each parameter is identified and then evaluated. Also, the AASHTO Standard Specification limits live-load deflections to L/800 for ordinary bridges and L/1000 for bridges in urban areas that are subject to pedestrian use. The deflection is found to be an important parameter to affect cracking. A set of recommendations to limit the transverse deck cracks in bridge decks is also presented.
Managing common sexual problems. Special series.

Simply reassuring the patient that his or her sexual activities are normal may be the only treatment necessary. If the problem persists, providing information specific to the patient's needs may be helpful.
Correlating Tissue Response with Anatomical Location of mTBI Using a Human Head Finite Element Model under Simulated Blast Conditions

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has recently been shown to include deficits in cognitive function that have been correlated to changes in tissue within regions of the white matter in the brain. These localized regions show decreased anisotropy in water diffusivity, which are thought to be related to local mechanical damage. However, a specific link to mechanical factors and tissue changes in these regions has not been made. This study is an initial attempt at such a correlation. A human head finite element model, verified against experimental data under simulated blast loading conditions, was used to estimate strains within regions in the brain that are correlated to functional deficits. Strain values from the most anterior and posterior extent of the corpus callosum (the rostrum and the splenium), the right and left anterior and posterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC and PLIC), and the left cingulum bundle were calculated under frontal blast loading at overpressure intensities below those typically known to cause injury. Strain peaks of approximately 1 percent were noted in regions associated with cognitive brain injury, indicating that loading conditions which involve higher pressures could raise strains to significant levels.
Best Interests of the Child in the Family and Community: Social, Legal, and Medical Implications for Pediatricians

This article explores the boundary between the best interests of the child and his or her family and those of the community. Discussed in the context of the changing structure and functions of the family are child abuse, neglect, and abandonment; divorce and custody conflicts; life-saving medical treatment ordered by the court; emancipation of adolescents; and the child as witness.
Federal Trade Commission Act

The original Federal Trade Commission Act stated “That unfair methods of competition are hereby declared unlawful.” The current law, in 15 U.S.C. 45, broadened the statement to “Unfair methods of competition in or affecting commerce, and unfair or deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce, are declared unlawful.” The Federal Trade Commission was established with the power and a directive to prevent such unfair and deceptive acts or practices.
Survival of the Virus of St. Louis Encephalitis in Rats and Guinea Pigs

Successful experimental infection of animals with the virus of St. Louis encephalitis has been limited so far to the infection of mice1 and monkeys.2 As part of a study of the nature of the virus, we wished to determine whether it could be established in other animals and also whether it would survive in the brain of apparently uninfected animals over any considerable period of time. Since the recurrence of the disease in the same locality after a period of 4 years aroused the question of a possible animal reservoir, we were especially interested in the rat as a possible host or carrier of the virus. Studies were carried out on both the rat and guinea pig.
Preparation and In Vitro Dissolution of Genhuang Dispersible Tablet

Objective:To optimize the shaping technology of the Genhuang Dispersible Tables and study the release characteristics in vitro.Method:The orthogonal design was used to obtain the optimal formulation with the disintegration of tablets;dissolution method and RP-HPLC method were used to study the release curve in vitro.Result:The proportion of each adjuvant in the optimal formulation consisted of 40% MCC as bulking agent,15% PVPP and 7% L-HPC as disintegrant.The prepared dispersible tables could be totally disintegrated within three minutes and crossed No.2 sieve,which subjected to the Chinese pharmacopoeia.The percentage of dissolution was more than 99%.Conclusion: The dispersible tables were in accordance with the standard.The process was operable,repeatable and suitable to the batch manufacture.
Recent advances in lasers in otolaryngology

Laser surgery has been an integral part of otolaryngology procedures since first applied to the larynx nearly 20 years ago. New wavelengths and delivery systems are now available that may prove beneficial but also offer stimulating areas of research. Safe and judicious use of these devices is essential. This editorial describes current future applications of lasers in our specialty.
Supporting multiple cognitive processing styles using tailored support systems

According to theories of cognitive processing style or cognitive control mode, human performance is more effective when an individual’s cognitive state (e.g., intuition/scramble vs. deliberate/strategic) matches his/her ecological constraints or context (e.g., utilize intuition to strive for a “good-enough” response instead of deliberating for the “best” response under high time pressure). Ill- mapping between cognitive state and ecolgoical constraints are believed to lead to degraded task performance. Consequently, incorporating support systems which are designed to specifically address multiple cognitive and functional states e.g., high workload, stress, boredom, and initiate appropriate mitigation strategies (e.g., reduce information load) is essential to reduce plant risk. Utilizing the concept of Cognitive Control Models, this paper will discuss he importance of tailoring support systems to match an operator’s cognitive state, and will further discuss the importance of these ecological constraints in selecting and implementing mitigation strategies for safe and effective system performance. An example from the nuclear power plant industry illustrating how a support system might be tailored to support different cognitive states is included.
Recency Frequency and Monetary Model

Recency, Frequency, and Monetary (RFM) analysis seeks to identify customers who are more likely to respond to new offers. While lift looks at the static measure of response to a particular campaign, RFM keeps track of customer transactions by time, by frequency, and by amount.
Cognitive–behavioural therapy may reduce high rates of service use among frequent primary care attenders

Commentary on: Malins S, Kai J, Atha C, et al. Cognitive behaviour therapy for long-term frequent attenders in primary care: a feasibility case series and treatment development study. Br J Gen Pract 2016;66:e729–36.[OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] High users or FAs of healthcare clinics place significant organisational and financial strain on healthcare systems. It has been estimated that the top 3% of users account for 15% of primary care visits.1 Short-term frequent attendance may be related to acute causes, but long-term frequent attendance has been found to be associated with high health … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBr%2BJ%2BGen%2BPract%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.3399%252Fbjgp16X686569%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F27432609%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=bjgp&resid=66/651/e729&atom=%2Febnurs%2F20%2F2%2F52.atom
Clinical Effectiveness of Occupational Therapy in Mental Health: A Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of theory-based occupational therapy interventions in improving occupational performance and well-being among people with a mental health diagnosis. METHOD The meta-analysis included 11 randomized controlled trials with a total of 520 adult participants with a mental health diagnosis. Outcomes were occupational performance, well-being, or both. We conducted meta-analyses using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 3.0) with occupational performance and well-being as the dependent variables. RESULTS Results indicated a medium effect of intervention on improving occupational performance (mean Hedge's g = 0.50, Z = 4.05, p < .001) and a small effect on well-being (mean Hedge's g = 0.46, Z = 4.96, p < .001). CONCLUSION Theory-based occupational therapy interventions may be effective in improving occupational performance and well-being among people with a mental health diagnosis and should be an integral part of rehabilitation services in mental health.
Purkinje cell cytoplasmic antibody type I (anti-Yo): predictive of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas in men

Purkinje cell cytoplasmic antibody type I (PCA-1-IgG or anti-Yo) seropositivity associates with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) and is mostly restricted to female patients with mullerian or breast cancers.1–3 PCD presents with nystagmus, dysarthria and trunk and extremity ataxia. PCA-1-IgG is extremely rare in men. Here we report the frequency, clinical characteristics and oncological associations of PCA-1-IgG seropositivity in men and review the literature. The Mayo Clinic institutional review board approved this study. In the past 30 years, Mayo Clinic’s Neuroimmunology Laboratory identified 650 PCA-1-IgG-seropositive patients3; 8 (1.2%) were men (online supplementary table 1a), with PCA-1-IgG specificity confirmed by western blot with purified human cerebellar degeneration-related protein 2 (CDR2, the PCA-1 antigen; Euroimmun, Lubeck, Germany). Clinical information was obtained for seven by case record review and physician telephone interviews. A PubMed literature search (1990–2015) identified 10 previously published PCA-1-IgG-positive male cases (online supplementary table 1b). ### Supplementary file 1 [SP1.pdf] Gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma tissue, from a single patient, was stained using a mouse monoclonal human CDR2-specific IgG (1:100, LifeSpan Biosciences) to detect PCA-1 antigen (figure 1). Figure 1 PCA-1 autoantigen expression in tumour of patient #1: (A) Oesophageal mucosa invaded by poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (H&E stain). (B) On immunohistochemical staining, CDX2 positivity is demonstrated, supporting origin from the gastrointestinal tract. (C) Human cerebellar Purkinje neurons stain positively for CDR2. (D) Malignant cells are identified in the original tumour biopsy by their abnormally large size and elongated nuclei with increased nuclear–cytoplasmic ratio. CDR2 immunoreactivity is demonstrated in the cytoplasm of patient #1’s malignant cells (arrow). (E) Malignant cells …
Glocalization and Other Challenges to Cataloging Chinese Continuing Resources

ABSTRACTGlocalization describes the adaptation of international products around the particularities of a local culture, and extends to areas beyond political campaigns and cultural communication. Chinese continuing resources are effectively influenced by glocalization, which reflects the changing society in China and Chinese overseas communities, as well as the changing practice in Chinese studies all over the world. Glocalization brings unexpected challenges to a library's cataloging service, and a number of issues need to reach our awareness and be solved. We have to face squarely its influence, and look for an appropriate solution in handling Chinese continuing resources under glocalization.
Developmental Properties and Application of the Dyadic Supervision Evaluation

A critical and often overlooked issue is the lack of measurement tools that are congruent with the systemic and developmental guiding principles of the Marital and Family Therapy field. In this current study, we test the dyadic supervision evaluation (DSE) focusing on the internal consistency, specifically the developmental trajectory of trainee and supervisor factors during a year in supervision. This study demonstrates how these factors stabilize over time. The DSE psychometrics are evaluated with a sample of 205 dyads that are tested longitudinally over four time points. We employ repeated measures ANOVA with intra-class correlation (ICC) to measure the level of consistency of the subscales over time. The results of this analysis show that the factors for trainees have an ICC average range of 0.66–0.80, and the factors for supervisors have an ICC average range of 0.69–0.84.
Ethics, Identity, and Political Vision: Toward a Justice-Centered Approach to Equity in Computer Science Education.

In this essay, Sepehr Vakil argues that a more serious engagement with critical traditions in education research is necessary to achieve a justice-centered approach to equity in computer science (CS) education. With CS rapidly emerging as a distinct feature of K–12 public education in the United States, calls to expand CS education are often linked to equity and diversity concerns around expanding access to girls and historically underrepresented students of color. Yet, unlike other critical traditions in education research, equity-oriented CS research has largely failed to interrogate the sociopolitical context of CS education. To move toward a justice-centered approach to equity, Vakil argues, we must simultaneously attend to at least three features of CS education: the content of curriculum, the design of learning environments, and the politics and purposes of CS education reform. While there are many avenues of critical inquiry within and across each of these topics, the focus in this essay is on the ...
Psychosocial Characteristics of Women with a Delayed Diagnosis of Turner Syndrome.

Objectives To characterize the psychosocial profiles of adult women diagnosed with Turner syndrome before (early diagnosis) and at or after (late diagnosis) 13 years of age. Study design Women with Turner syndrome ages 22 and older at evaluation (n = 110) participated in a cross-sectional study at the National Institutes of Health. Researchers performed nonparametric and logistic regression analyses to assess early and late diagnosis cohorts on measures of depression, substance use, and perceptions of competence and identity. Results Of study participants, 47% received a Turner syndrome diagnosis at or after age 13 years. Median age at diagnosis was 12.0 years (range, 0-43). Covariate-adjusted models revealed that women with late diagnoses had an increased likelihood of developing mild to severe depressive symptoms (OR, 7.36) and a decreased likelihood of being perceived as competent (OR, 0.26). Women with a late diagnosis also exhibited more frequent substance use compared with women with early diagnoses. Conclusions These data suggest that Turner syndrome diagnoses received at or after age 13 years may contribute to adverse outcomes related to depression, substance use, and perceptions of competence. Delayed Turner syndrome diagnoses may place women and girls at risk for negative psychosocial development extending into adulthood. These findings indicate it is important for pediatricians to evaluate psychosocial domains in girls with Turner syndrome regularly, particularly among those diagnosed at age 13 years or older. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT00006334 .
Reducing time to initiation and advancement of enteral feeding in an all-referral neonatal intensive care unit

Decrease time to enteral feeding initiation and advancement. In our all-referral neonatal intensive care unit, we developed an evidence-based guideline addressing feeding initiation and advancement. During 6 months before and 7 months after guideline implementation, we measured time to initiate feeding, time to 100 ml/kg/day of feeding, gastric residual measurement frequency, and incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (balancing measure). Two hundred twenty-three infants were studied. Time from admission to feeding initiation was shorter after guideline implementation (mean 0.5 days [95% CI: 0.4–0.7] vs. 1.1 days [95% CI: 0.7–1.5], p = 0.01). Time from admission to 100 ml/kg/day feeding was also shorter (3.6 days [95% CI: 2.8–4.4] vs. 6.2 days [95% CI: 4.4–8.1], p = 0.01). After guideline implementation, routine gastric residual measurements were discontinued. After implementation of an enteral feeding guideline, which included discontinuation of routine gastric residual assessment, we observed a faster initiation of enteral feeding and shorter time to reach 100 ml/kg/day.
3.4 Terpene Derived Auxiliaries: Menthol and Pulegone Derived Auxiliaries

This chapter will outline the use of menthol, menthone, pulegone, and their derivatives for asymmetric induction. In all of these systems, the asymmetric induction is guided by the conformation of the six-membered ring and the equatorial isopropyl group which blocks one face of the attached achiral portion from reaction. The enantioselectivity achievable using menthol systems was dramatically improved with the introduction of the 8-phenylmenthol directing group. In this case, not only is the equatorial group physically larger than in the case of menthol, but also the phenyl ring can participate in stabilizing π-stacking interactions that dramatically influence diastereofacial selection.
Endogenous Opiate Peptides

The discovery, within the past year or so, of the endogenous opiate peptides (Hughes et al., 1975b) has captured the imagination of pharmacologists and chemists alike and led to a remarkable burst of scientific productivity. I try in this chapter to review this work in a coherent, if highly personal, way, with the sad realization that much of what I say may be outdated by the time this volume is in print. The statement by Collier quoted above is to my knowledge the first explicit recognition of the likelihood that endogenous ligands for the opiate receptor must exist, and was made at the International Congress of Pharmacology in San Francisco in 1972. Within three years, the endogenous opiate peptides were isolated and characterized, and further progress will undoubtedly be even more rapid. Nevertheless, a review of the field at this time may be of some value to those who are not specialists in opiates. For this reason, I have also chosen, by way of introduction, to review briefly some aspects of the mechanism of action of morphine as it has developed over the past several years.
Update on the sea contributions to hadron polarizabilities via reweighting

We have made significant progress on extending lattice QCD calculation of the polarizability of the neutron and other hadrons to include the effects of charged dynamical quarks. This is done by perturbatively reweighting the charges of the sea quarks to couple them to the background field. The dominant challenge in such a calculation is stochastic estimation of the weight factors, and we discuss the difficulties in this estimation. Here we use an extremely aggressive dilution scheme with N = 124,416 sources per configuration to reduce the stochastic noise to a manageable level. We find that \alpha_E = 2.70(55) * 10^-4 fm^3 for the neutron on one ensemble. We show that low-mode substitution can be used in tandem with dilution to construct an even better estimator, and introduce the offdiagonal matrix element mapping technique for predicting estimator quality.
Drone delivery schedule optimization considering the reliability of drones

We consider a delivery network using drones. Drones can fail during the flight and such drone failures can result in loss of demand and consumer satisfaction. Therefore, we consider the reliability of drones in a delivery network to minimize expected loss of demand (ELOD). The more reliable the network is, the less amount of demand will be lost. We assume drone failures follow an exponential distribution. A two-stage programming is proposed: the first stage provides a pool solution of feasible paths and the second stage provides the most reliable scheduling. The proposed procedure is implemented for a case study and the results show the impact of including reliability in drone scheduling.
What Makes Facebook Brand Posts Engaging? A Content Analysis of Facebook Brand Post Text That Increases Shares, Likes, and Comments to Influence Organic Viral Reach

AbstractOrganic reach, the number of people shown a brand Facebook post through unpaid distribution, has been declining. Which factors increase shares, likes, and comments—engagement measures known...
Psychosocial Functioning of Young Children Treated for Cancer: Findings From a Clinical Sample.

Objectives: Many pediatric cancers are diagnosed in early childhood, a time of significant growth and development that lays the foundations for overall adjustment and functioning. The objective of ...
Technical Aspects of Bile Duct Evaluation and Exploration: An Update

Consensus guidelines recommend patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis and suspected choledocholithiasis have common bile duct exploration (CBDE) at the time of cholecystectomy to prevent downstream problems. Despite superiority of single-stage cholecystectomy with CBDE, 2-stage precholecystectomy/postcholecystectomy with endoscopic clearance of the duct is commonly practiced. This is related to inadequate training in minimally invasive techniques, lack of technical support for efficient and safe CBDE, and surgeons' inexperience with complex biliary pathologic condition. This article provides a framework for evaluating and treating patients with CBD pathologic condition with an emphasis on technical aspects of CBDE and preoperative planning and preparation.
Desktop Browser Extension Security and Privacy Issues

Since their introduction in the 1990’s, users have adopted internet browsers as a convenient method of interacting with computers and servers whether collocated with the user or located across the planet. As browsers have become more sophisticated, additional capabilities have been made available to users through browser extensions. When written by trusted agents, these browser extensions provide safeguards for users, but browser extensions can also be written so that a user’s data can be extracted and used for purposes the user would never agree to. This paper began with the exploration of extensions in four popular browsers: Safari, Firefox, Chrome, and Internet Explorer (Edge) and the author explored the security and privacy practices inherent within the extensions, but only two of these browsers will be examined in this paper. Safari is eliminating all extensions outside of its tightly controlled delivery system beginning with the debut of its new operating system in September 2018 and Internet Explorer is being replaced by Edge, which is also tightly controlled by Microsoft. Presumably, Safari and Edge extensions will be secure once the developers submit the code and it is reviewed before the extensions are published. Because there are literally thousands of browser extensions it is not possible to examine all of them in a single paper, but it is the intent of the author to establish an evaluation framework so browser extensions can be objectively scored.
Secretory Component and IgA in the Uterus of the Pregnant Rat

Abstract The uterine secretory immune system of pregnant rats was examined by analyzing the levels of secretory component (SC) and IgA in amniotic fluid and by measuring the in vitro release of SC from uterine tissue. Uterine production of SC increased steadily between the 7th and the 20th days of gestation. In contrast, SC and IgA in amniotic fluid and maternal serum remained constant from day 14 through day 20 of pregnancy. These studies indicate that SC and IgA are present in the uterus of the pregnant rat and that SC production is low during early pregnancy but then increases significantly just prior to parturition.
Understanding the Role of the Brick-and-Mortar Classroom in Course Design and Implementation of the “Flipped” Classroom: An Exploratory Case Study

This article shares the results of a two-year exploratory case study on the impact of flipped classroom design on generalist and advanced practice social work skills in a large urban graduate university setting. The flipped classroom was chosen due to its’ emphasis on physical space as an active learning, skills-oriented, activity-based environment, rather than traditional lecture-based learning. This two-year study gathered quantitative data on the flipped classroom format, which featured weekly lectures recorded and posted through the Canvas learning platform, with information outcome and learning retention quizzes also taken in Canvas, followed by in-class live experiential lab sessions in which students were paired up or placed into small groups to develop and strengthen their clinical skills. Students then completed reflection journals following these activities, which were compared to Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards to further assess for additional data and learning outcomes. This article will present the findings of the study, which revealed statistical significance in overall general practice skills scores and in specific advanced practice clinical skills. Additionally, the article will discuss student-generated feedback on the physical learning environment, instructor workload demands, and required preparatory work. Further discussion will include expected and unexpected limitations of the space, expansion of the classroom through digital platforms, inclusion of differently-abled students in the flipped laboratory space, as well as recommendations for future research and iterations of the course. This study is the first to use the Play Therapy Attitude Knowledge Skills Survey (PTAKSS) and Practice Skills Inventory (PSI) to measure the outcome of play therapy classes for MSW students and to specifically measure the effectiveness of the flipped classroom model to teach play therapy skills. This study shows promising outcomes for the use of the flipped model as a way of delivering practice content to students and explores the role and specific impact that weekly sessions in the physical learning environment had on student outcomes.
Nature and Experience: Phenomenology and the Environment: edited by Bryan E. Bannon, London, Rowman and Littlefield, 2016, 242 pages, $127 (hardback), ISBN 9781783485208

In the introduction of Nature and Experience, Bannon explains that phenomenology, as a tradition, challenges the dualism inherent in categories such as “nature” and “experience.” Using phenomenolog...
Wear of WC inserts textured by shot peening and electrical discharge machining

Abstract In this paper, the wear and cutting performance of uncoated cemented tungsten carbide (WC) inserts textured by shot peening (SP) and electrical discharge machining (EDM) was compared to examine the hypothesis that texturing processes involving surface re-melting are inferior to processes based on surface plastic deformation. Lubricated orthogonal tube turning experiments demonstrated that the WC inserts with irregular rake face surface texture exhibit either longer or shorter tool lives than untreated inserts depending on the combination of surface roughness and residual stress. Higher roughness and compressive residual stress produced by SP led to increase in wear resistance and tool life by about 30% through reduction of the tool-chip contact area and the apparent tool-chip friction. Tensile surface residual stresses generated by EDM resulted in chipping of the tool and, hence, shorter tool life by more than 80% even when cutting forces were lowered. Moving the treated area away from the cutting edge neutralized the effect of texture on tool life. Based on the test results, surface modification of WC inserts through SP yielded better tool life performance than surface modification through EDM.
Design Considerations for Data-Driven Dashboards: Supporting Facilitation Tasks for Open-Ended Learning

Data-driven dashboards have been increasingly integrated into various contexts, particularly in educational settings. There is a growing need to understand how to design learning dashboards to help educators support learning experiences by providing real-time formative feedback. We are studying the design of a learning dashboard that can support educational facilitation tasks in a museum setting. In our approach, we use discrete facilitation tasks as the cornerstone of our design process. Using this task-based approach, we conducted pilot studies and participatory design sessions to better understand the context of design. In this paper, we offer preliminary findings and design considerations for supporting and digitally augmenting facilitation tasks in a highly interactive, open-ended learning environment.
Human Learning and Coordination in Lower-limb Physical Interactions

This paper explores the gait learning and coordination through physical human-human interaction. The interaction and coordination are modeled as a two-step process: 1) encoding the human gait as a periodic process and 2) adjustment of the periodic gait cycle based on the external forces due to physical interactions. Three-legged walking experiments are conducted with two human dyads. Magnitude and direction of the interaction force, as well as the knee joint angles and ground reaction forces of the tied legs are collected. The knee joint trajectory of the two participants is modeled using dynamic movement primitives (DMP) coupled with force feedback though iterative learning. Gait coordination is modeled as a learning process based on kinematics from the last gait cycle and real-time interaction force feedback. The proposed method is compared with a popular baseline DMP model, which performs batch regression based on data from the previous gait cycle. The proposed model performed better in modeling one pair in the cooperative experiment compared to the baseline algorithm. The results and approaches for improving the algorithm are further discussed.
A translational phase II trial of celecoxib plus interferon-alpha (IFN-α2b) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients (pts) with 3+ COX-2 tumor immunostaining

5116 Background: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been correlated with RCC stage and grade, and overexpression can lead to dysregulation of dendritic cells (DC) and CD4+/CD25+/FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg). A previous trial of celecoxib in combination with IFNα2b in RCC (Rini et al, Cancer. 2006) demonstrated an association between more intense COX-2 RCC tumor staining and clinical response. Methods: Pts with cytokine-naive mRCC with at least 10% maximal COX-2 tumor staining received IFNα2b MU five times/week plus celecoxib 400 mg BID continuously. Baseline tumor tissue was stained for COX-2, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, Treg and DC (s100 and CD208). Peripheral blood prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), DC and Treg number/function and intracellular T cell cytokine production were measured at baseline, at the end of cycles 2 and 4 and at end of treatment. Activation of DC was assessed by IL-12 and IL-10 mRNA and protein production by ELISA. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints were DC /...
Oxidized Lipoproteins Promote Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy Independent of Patient Obesity

Anti-tumor immunity is impaired in obese mice. Mechanistic insight into this observation remains sparse and whether it is recapitulated in patients with cancer is unclear because clinical studies have produced conflicting and controversial findings. We addressed this by analyzing data from patients with a diverse array of cancer types. We found that survival after immunotherapy was not accurately predicted by body mass index or serum leptin concentrations. However, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in serum was identified as a suppressor of T-cell function and a driver of tumor cytoprotection mediated by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Analysis of a human melanoma gene expression database showed a clear association between higher HMOX1 (HO-1) expression and reduced progression-free survival. Our in vivo experiments using mouse models of both melanoma and breast cancer revealed HO-1 as a mechanism of resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy but also exposed HO-1 as a vulnerability that could be exploited therapeutically using a small-molecule inhibitor. In conclusion, our clinical data have implicated serum ox-LDL as a mediator of therapeutic resistance in cancer patients, operating as a double-edged sword that both suppressed T-cell immunity and simultaneously induced HO-1-mediated tumor cell protection. Our studies also highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting HO-1 during immunotherapy, encouraging further translational development of this combination approach.
Government-nonprofit funding relationships in human services: Differences in cost-reimbursement and fixed-cost agreements:

Funding agreements are the legal foundation for government-nonprofit funding relations and specify the terms and expectations for both parties. Yet little attention focuses on the funding agreement...
MCLR-elicited hepatic fibrosis and carcinogenic gene expression changes persist in rats with diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through a 4-week recovery period

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) causes liver extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and is a risk factor for fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Microcystin-LR (MCLR) is a hepatotoxin produced by fresh-water cyanobacteria that causes a NASH-like phenotype, liver fibrosis, and is also a risk factor for HCC. The focus of the current study was to investigate and compare hepatic recovery after cessation of MCLR exposure in healthy versus NASH animals. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a control or a high fat/high cholesterol (HFHC) diet for eight weeks. Animals received either vehicle or 30 μg/kg MCLR (i.p: 2 weeks, alternate days). Animals were euthanized at one of three time points: at the completion of the MCLR exposure period and after 2 and 4 weeks of recovery. Histological staining suggested that after four weeks of recovery the MCLR-exposed HFHC group had less steatosis and more fibrosis compared to the vehicle-exposed HFHC group and MCLR-exposed control group. RNA-Seq analysis revealed dysregulation of ECM genes after MCLR exposure in both control and HFHC groups that persisted only in the HFHC groups during recovery. After 4 weeks of recovery, MCLR hepatotoxicity in pre-existing NASH persistently dysregulated genes related to cellular differentiation and HCC. These data demonstrate impaired hepatic recovery and persistent carcinogenic changes after MCLR toxicity in pre-existing NASH.
Talmy’s Dichotomous Typology and Japanese Lexicalization Patterns of Motion Events

Talmy‘s (1985) crosslinguistic typology of lexicalization patterns of motion events have been extensively used in second language acquisition (SLA) research as a means to examine how second language (L2) learners map form, meaning, and function. These studies have yielded some conflicting results regarding the learnability of L2 lexicalization patterns  arguably the oversimplification over and the overreliance on the dichotomous typological categorization of such patterns. The present corpus study seeks to illustrate how Japanese, which is classified as a V-language, may express motion events differently from what the typology typically suggests. The results showed that (1) Japanese elaborates on the Manner of motion via nouns, adjectives and adverbs, and that (2) Japanese verbs conflate Manner and Motion via Chinese loanwords and compound verbs. In order to shed light on what is learnable and why certain lexicalization patterns are (un)learnable for specific population groups in adult L2 acquisition, it is argued that, a deeper understanding of the nature of L2 input and learners‘ native languages (NL), especially in terms of input frequency, the complexity of form-meaning relationships, and the ease of processing of lexicalization patterns, would be indispensable.
Hand in Glove, or Square Peg, Round Hole: An Exploration of Social Network Analysis Applied to Online Community Trace Data

Online communities have been studied using social network analysis. These studies often utilize online community data extracted from digital trace data or user behavior observed in the system used by the community. However, the relationship between the networks depicted in the trace data and the social networks reported or observed by community members themselves is not well understood. As a result, the implications for interpretation of social network measures in this context are unknown. This is a fundamental gap in our understanding of and ability to analyze online community. This study analyzes empirical data for both trace networks and respondent-reported networks, and compares these networks across a number of social network measures for a salient online community. Significant differences between trace networks and reported social networks are found. These differences are observed at multiple levels of analysis, from the individual to the whole network.