cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Esophageal acid perfusion in conditioned athletes while running decreases performance in subjects without a history of heartburn, but not in runners with heartburn history

Purpose: We have recently demonstrated increased acid reflux into the esophagus of conditioned athletes during exercise. Extraintestinal manifestations of GERD include asthma and laryngitis suggesting acid reflux into the esophagus may alter athletic performance. The aims of this study were 1) to compare 'exercise to exhaustion' in conditioned athletes with and without a history or heartburn while the esophagus is perfused with saline (sham) or 0.1 N HCl (Bernstein) and 2) to assess the effect of acid perfusion on pulmonary function after exercise.
The effects of intertrial and feature-target intervals on operant serial feature-positive discrimination learning

The effects of intertrial interval (ITI) and feature-target interval (FTI) on the nature of learning in discrete-trial operant serial feature-positive (feature → target+ / target−) discrimination training were examined in two experiments with rats. Discrimination performance was acquired more rapidly with longer ITIs and shorter FTIs. In contrast, transfer to a separately trained target was greater with shorter ITIs regardless of FTI. Persistence of discrimination performance after feature extinction was greater with longer ITIs. Only the last of these performance measures showed evidence for invariance with constant ITI/FTI ratios. The results are discussed in the context of theories of occasion setting.
AN INVESTIGATION OF PARALLEL NUMERICAL INTEGRATION METHODS FOR NONLINEAR DYNAMICS

Abstract The criteria for evaluating the robustness of parallel numerical integration algorithms are discussed and several integration algorithms are examined. The results show that the central difference method has high computational efficiency and parallel effectiveness in the case of a diagonal mass and damping matrix and is recommended in such a case. A comparison is also made between the Cholesky decomposition method and a mixed Jacobi/Gauss-Seidel method when they are incorporated in the central difference method for the case of a nondiagonal mass matrix. The results indicate that iterative methods are attractive in parallel computation.
Two-dimensional cellular automata

A largely phenomenological study of two-dimensional cellular automata is reported. Qualitative classes of behavior similar to those in one-dimensional cellular automata are found. Growth from simple seeds in two-dimensiona! cellular automata can produce patterns with complicated boundaries, characterized by a variety of growth dimensions. Evolution from disordered states can give domains with boundaries that execute effectively continuous motions. Some global properties of cellular automata can be described by entropies and Lyapunov exponents. Others are undecidable.
The Electric Organ Discharges of the Gymnotiform Fishes: II. Eigenmannia

We present detailed measurements of the electric organ discharge of the weakly electric fish, Eigenmannia sp. These maps illuminate, with high resolution in both space and time, the electric organ discharge potential and electric field patterns in the water about the fish and on the skin surface itself. The results demonstrate that the electric organ discharge of Eigenmannia approximates a simple oscillating dipole, which confirms previous descriptions and assumptions, but is in contrast to the electric organ discharges of several other gymnotiform species. Over each cycle of Eigenmannia's electric organ discharge, the electric field amplitude measured at any point near the fish oscillates from positive to negative, but the field vector remains nearly constant in direction. This electric organ discharge pattern is correlated with known anatomical and physiological features of the fish's electric organ, and confirms that the activation of electrocytes comprising the organ is well synchronized. As a result, the relatively simple electric organ discharge leads to a fairly uniform pattern of electrosensory stimuli along the body surface, which may facilitate central processing of electrosensory images. Electric organ discharge maps and animations resulting from this series of studies are available via the Internet (http://www.bbb.caltech.edu/ElectricFish, or www.fiu.edu/∼stoddard/electricfish.html).
Systemic, early-season Microcystis blooms in western Lake Erie and two of its major agricultural tributaries (Maumee and Sandusky rivers)

Abstract Recurrent, massive cyanobacterial blooms composed mainly of the genus Microcystis indicate a broad-scale re-eutrophication of Lake Erie. In the past, ameliorating eutrophication relied on intentionally decreasing point-source tributary nutrient, especially phosphorus, loads to the lake. However, recent research has shown that tributaries load not only nutrients but also bloom-levels of phytoplankton, including Microcystis . We built on this previous work by sampling earlier in the year and in much smaller tributaries in both the Maumee and Sandusky systems. We found Microcystis wet biomasses in these tributaries averaged 3.16 mg/L (± 0.59 mg/L, one standard error of the mean) in 2009 and 3.42 mg/L (± 0.55 mg/L) in 2010. Importantly, we found Microcystis in small ditches in March, much earlier than previously observed. Microcystis biomass did not directly correspond to measured phosphorus, chlorophyll, or phycocyanin concentrations likely reflecting complexities associated with lagged physiological responses and/or non-linear growth relationships. Consequently, our findings emphasize that Microcystis blooms form a more broad-scale problem than previously documented, occurring far upstream much earlier in the year.
Co-deposition of cobalt disilicide on silicon–germanium thin films

The formation of CoSi2 on strained epitaxial Si0.8Ge0.2/Si(100) films has been studied as a function of the deposition method and annealing temperature. Two types of deposition processes were used: a direct method, where 5 nm of pure Co metal were deposited at room temperature onto a strained 80 nm thick Si0.8Ge0.2 layer; and a co-deposition method, where 5 nm Co and 18.2 nm Si were simultaneously deposited in a 1:2 ratio onto a strained Si0.8Ge0.2 layer at 450°C. Samples were then annealed at temperatures ranging from 500 to 800°C. Extended X-ray absorbance fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the structure of the resulting films. It was found that the samples prepared via the direct deposition method did not convert to CoSi2 at any annealing temperature up to 800°C, while the co-deposited samples formed epitaxial CoSi2 at even the lowest annealing temperature of 500°C. These results are discussed in terms of proposed reaction mechanisms of the different deposition methods, based on consideration of the Co–Si–Ge ternary phase diagram.
“Turn-on” fluorescent sensor for the selective detection of zinc ion by a sterically-encumbered bipyridyl-based receptor

A sterically-encumbered 5,5′-distyryl-2,2′-bipyridyl derivative that enforces a 1 : 1 metal-to-ligand ratio acts as a selective turn-on sensor for Zn2+ in THF.
Internal Revenue Service publication number and title index

Index des publications officielles recensees par L'internal Revenue Service de l'Universite de l'Arizona
Simultaneous two-wavelength output of an N2-pumped dye laser

A simple method for generating a dual wavelength output of a N$sub 2$- laser pumped dye laser is described. A wedge placed in front of the tuning grating intersects only part of the cross-section of the light beam. Therefore, feedback is provided for two different wavelengths simultaneously. (auth)
Creating Foundations for Collaboration in Schools: Utilizing Professional Learning Communities to Support Teacher Candidate Learning and Visions of Teaching

Abstract Despite widespread acknowledgment of the power of professional collaboration, the norm in most schools is teachers working in isolation. Our study examined the impact of multiple layers of professional collaboration intentionally integrated into a one-year preservice teacher education program working in two elementary schools. Analysis of 23 teacher candidates' written reflections, focus group interviews, and classroom observations indicated that supported by collaboration with colleagues, they developed the skills and commitment to teach each student for understanding. Based on our research, we propose a shift in teacher education toward collaborative inquiry about teaching and learning within school/university partnerships.
Dissipative dynamics of magnetic solitons in metals

Soliton dynamics in spin-textured metals generate electrical currents, which produce backaction through spin torques. We modify the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation and the corresponding solitonic equations of motion to include such higher-order texture effects. We also find a quasistatic equation for the induced electrochemical potential, which needs to be solved for self-consistently, in the incompressible limit. As an example, we consider the gyration of a vortex in a point-contact spin valve and discuss modifications of orbit radius, frequency, and dissipation power.
Alterations in membrane-associated CD14 expression and the simultaneous liberation of soluble CD14 fragment in adherent macrophages mediated by a leukocyte carboxyl/aspartate protease.

Investigations sought to discover the biochemical mechanisms in macrophages that mediate the `shedding' of soluble CD14 fragment. Stimulated macrophages display both increased liberation of soluble CD14 fragment and decreases in residual membrane-associated CD14 complexes following exposure to activating agents (fMLP/A23187). Application of `class-specific' protease inhibitors revealed that a thiol/cysteine was involved in the biochemical production of soluble CD14 fractions and that a metalloprotease enzymatically degraded soluble CD14 fragment. Exposure of macrophages to individual proteases revealed that both cathepsin-D and elastase promoted variable depletion of membrane-associated CD14 complexes. Additionally, cathepsin-D, and to a lesser extent elastase, generated soluble CD14 fragment. Related studies isolated a carboxyl/aspartate protease from activated macrophages using pepstatin-A affinity chromatography. The physical and functional properties of macrophage pepstatin-A binding protein fractions...
Persistent organic pollutants in Alaskan ringed seal (Phoca hispida) and walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) blubber

Since 1987, the Alaska Marine Mammal Tissue Archival Project (AMMTAP) has collected tissues from 18 marine mammal species. Specimens are archived in the National Institute of Standards and Technology’s National Biomonitoring Specimen Bank (NIST-NBSB). AMMTAP has collected blubber, liver and/or kidney specimens from a number of ringed seals (Phoca hispida) from the areas near Nome and Barrow, Alaska and walruses (Odobenus rosmarus) from several locations in the Bering Sea. Thirty-three ringed seal and 15 walrus blubber samples from the NIST-NBSB were analyzed for persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The compounds determined included PCBs (28 congeners or congener groups), DDT and related compounds, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), chlordanes, dieldrin, and mirex. POP concentrations in ringed seal blubber were significantly higher in Barrow than in Nome when statistically accounting for the interaction of age and gender; HCB, however, was not statistically different between the two locations. Unlike males, POP concentrations and age were not significantly correlated in females probably as a result of lactational loss. POP concentrations in walrus blubber were lower than in ringed seal blubber for P PCBs, chlordanes, and HCHs, but higher for dieldrin and mirex. POP concentrations in ringed seals and walrus from Alaska provide further evidence that the western Arctic tends to have lower or similar POP concentrations compared to the eastern Canadian Arctic.
Pretreatment of Patients Requiring Oral Contrast Abdominal Computed Tomography With Antiemetics : A Randomized Controlled Trial of Efficacy

Study objective Ingestion of diatrizoate meglumine before abdominal computed tomography (CT) is time consuming. We hypothesized that pretreatment with metoclopramide or ondansetron would result in faster ingestion of diatrizoate meglumine than placebo. Methods The study was a double-blind, randomized controlled trial on adults requiring oral contrast abdominal CT. Patients were randomized to placebo, metoclopramide 10 mg, or ondansetron 4 mg intravenously 15 minutes before ingesting 2 L of diatrizoate meglumine. The primary outcome was time to complete diatrizoate meglumine ingestion. Secondary outcome measures included volume of diatrizoate meglumine ingested, 100-mm visual analog scale for nausea at 15-minute intervals, time to CT, vomiting, and use of rescue antiemetics. The study was powered to detect a 60-minute difference in diatrizoate meglumine ingestion time between saline and medication groups. Results One hundred six patients were randomized; placebo (36), metoclopramide (35), and ondansetron (35). Groups were similar in baseline characteristics. Median (interquartile range) times for diatrizoate meglumine ingestion were placebo 109 minutes (82 to 135 minutes); metoclopramide 105 minutes (75 to 135 minutes); and ondansetron 110 minutes (79 to 140 minutes) (P=.67). Vomiting was less frequent with metoclopramide (3%) than placebo (18%) or ondansetron (9%) (P=.11). The visual analog scale for nausea at each point was not significantly different between groups (P=.11). The need for rescue antiemetics was lowest for metoclopramide (3%) compared with placebo (27%) and ondansetron (12%) (P=.02). Conclusion Pretreatment with ondansetron or metoclopramide does not reduce oral contrast solution ingestion time.
Harmonisation of ICD–11 and DSM–V: opportunities and challenges

Background Differences in the ICD–10 and DSM–IV definitions for the same disorder impede international communication and research efforts. The forthcoming parallel development of DSM–V and ICD–11 offers an opportunity to harmonise the two classifications. Aims This paper aims to facilitate the harmonisation process by identifying diagnostic differences between the two systems. Method DSM–IV–TR criteria sets and the ICD–10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research were compared and categorised into those with identical definitions, those with conceptually based differences and those in which differences are not conceptually based and appear to be unintentional. Results Of the 176 criteria sets in both systems, only one, transient tic disorder, is identical. Twenty-one per cent had conceptually based differences and 78% had non-conceptually based differences. Conclusions Harmonisation of criteria sets, especially those with non-conceptually based differences, should be prioritised in the DSM–V and ICD–11 development process. Prior experience with the DSM–IV and ICD–10 harmonisation effort suggests that for the process to be successful steps should be taken as early as possible.
Perspectives on molecular and cellular exercise physiology

A challenge to applied physiologists is to continue to apply new methods to their field. The purpose of this review is to speculate how recent advances in the fields of molecular and cell biology might be applied to exercise physiology to provide greater insights into the mechanisms underlying adaptations to a single bout of exercise and to repeated bouts of exercise (training). The review is organized to consider the actions occurring outside the cell, through the cellular membrane and cytoplasm to the nucleus. These topics are as follows: blood-borne signals, polypeptide growth factors, membrane receptors (insulin receptor, adrenergic receptors, acetylcholine receptors, phosphorylation of receptors, and mutant receptors), transduction through the plasmalemma (glucose transporters and G proteins), second messengers (phosphatidylinositol phosphates and calcium), cis sequences required for muscle-specific gene expression, transcriptional regulation by physiological signals, and gene expression. Exercise physiology is a challenging discipline that integrates molecules, cell-to-cell interaction, tissues, and the whole organism during the physiological stress of exercise by the live, unanesthetized animal.
Genomic and Proteomic Profiling of Lung Cancers: Lung Cancer Classification in the Age of Targeted Therapy

Both proteomic and genomic methods offer promise for the classification of human lung carcinomas. This review summarizes the range of proteomic methods in development for lung cancer classification, and describes a number of recent analyses of messenger RNA expression in lung cancer. Multiple independent studies of mRNA expression profiles in lung adenocarcinoma have proven highly reproducible. Analyses of the relationship between expression profiles and tumor development and differentiation, the presence or absence of specific pathogenic mutations, patient prognosis and survival after surgical treatment, and specific histopathology all appear to be promising.
A Procedure for Determining Sample Size for Multiple Population Parameter Studies

The purpose of this article is to present, by example, a procedure for determining sample size that would be useful in those marketing research projects which gather primary data by questionnaire. ...
Alternative syntheses and reactivity of platinum(II) terpyridyl acetonitrile complexes

Abstract New direct syntheses of [Pt(trpy)(NCCH3)](CF3SO3)2 2 (where trpy = 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine) and [Pt(tBu3-trpy)(NCCH3)](CF3SO3)2 3 (where tBu3-trpy = 4,4′,4″-tri-tert-butyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine) via the displacement of acetonitrile from [Pt(NCCH3)4](CF3SO3)2 have been developed. The synthetic utility of 2 was investigated in reactions with triphenylphosphine (PPh3), 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide (CN-Xyl), 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-diisocyanohexane (TM4), and tert-butyl isocyanide (CN-tBu). Whereas the expected substitution products were observed for reactions with PPh3, CN-Xyl, and CN-tBu, dealkylation of TM4 occurred to afford [Pt(trpy)(CN)](CF3SO3) 6. The structures of [Pt(trpy)L]2+ dications show little intermolecular interactions in the solid state, with the exception of the tBu3-trpy complex 3 which exists as head-to-tail dimers with a Pt–Pt distance of 3.29 A. The cyano product 6 was found to stack in infinite chains of cations with a Pt–Pt distance of 3.45 A.
Design for Resilience to Soft Errors and Variations

This paper presents adaptive variation-and-error-resilient agent (AVERA), an approach to address the challenge of designing reliable systems in the presence of soft errors and variations. AVERA extends our previous built-in soft error resilience (BISER) approach by adding additional capabilities to support process variation diagnosis, degradation detection, and system adaptation, besides soft error correction. We also discuss open challenges for building variation-and-error-resilient systems.
Combination of Catalysts to Reduce Digestion Time in the Determination of Nitrogen

The time required for the determination of nitrogen has been materially reduced since Kjeldahl (1) first proposed his original method. This reduction has been made possible by introducing into the reaction mixture potassium sulphate and catalysts such as mercury and copper. Just recently, the use of selenium has been advocated as a catalyst. Although Lauro (2) was the first to investigate the use of selenium, this substance has been combined with other catalysts by several investigators (3 to 11 inc.) Of these workers, several (7, 8, 10) have found this element to reduce materially the amount of nitroge n obtained in the analysis. Sandstedt (11) also has found with selenium some loss of nitrogen on long heating. Nearly all of the investigations of the determination of nitrogen in which selenium has been used have been with cereal products. In this communication, there are reported the results obtained when selenium is used with other catalysts in the determination of n~trogen in dairy products. No experimental data are available on the efficiency of selenium when combined with copper, mercury, and strong hydrogen peroxide.
HSM3D: Feature-less global 6DOF scan-matching in the Hough/Radon domain

This paper presents HSM3D, an algorithm for global rigid 6DOF alignment of 3D point clouds. The algorithm works by projecting the two input sets into the Radon/Hough domain, whose properties allow to decompose the 6DOF search into a series of fast one-dimensional cross-correlations. No planes or other particular features must be present in the input data, and the algorithm is provably complete in the case of noise-free input. The algorithm has been experimentally validated on publicly available data sets.
Reducing the Complexity of VLSI Performance Variation Modeling Via Parameter Dimension Reduction

Parameterized circuit models are desired at various VLSI design stages to account for the increasing process-induced performance variations. However, the large number of process variation sources encountered in modern VLSI technologies often lead to overly complex parameterized models whose generation as well as application is computationally expensive. In this paper, we address this challenge by proposing a general VLSI parameter dimension reduction technique that can produce more compact parameterized models in a compressed set of variation variables. Unlike the widely used principle component analysis (PCA), our new approach is based upon the powerful reduced rank regression (RRR) theory and can lead to a much greater reduction of the parameter space due to the consideration of design-specific structural information. The application of our parameter reduction technique is demonstrated under the context of digital circuit timing simulation and analog macromodeling. Our experimental results have indicated an up to 10times reduction of the parameter space. The application of these compact parameterized models is also outlined under the context of system-level analysis
Police Killings and Capital Punishment: The Post-Furman Period

In view of (1) escalating national attention and political and judicial activity centering on capital punishment during recent years and (2) concomitant changes in police killing rates, this paper investigates the impact of the death penalty on rates of lethal assaults against the police for the post-Furman period, 1973–1984. In keeping with recent investigations of deterrence and general homicides, multiple regression is used as a means of controlling for the influence of possible confounding variables in examining the capital punishment/police killings relationship. Consistent with previous investigations, the present analysis provides no indication that our national return to capital punishment since Furman has had a systematic impact on police homicides. Law enforcement officers are not afforded an added measure of protection in death penalty compared to abolitionist states, nor is there anything but a chance association between the rate of police killings and the level of use of the death sentence for convicted murderers.
Positive and negative affect in adolescent self-evaluation: psychometric information in single trials used to generate dimension-specific ERPs and neural source models.

We examined brain mechanisms of self-evaluation in a sample of adolescents using dense array EEG (dEEG), neural source analysis, and a novel psychometric weighting method. Each trial of the self-evaluation task was weighted according to its correlation with negative affect and positive affect, such that unique ERP averages were constructed for each mood dimension. Results support the hypothesis that the emotional influence on self-appraisal is dimension specific. Negative affect was associated with more robust ERP responses 300 ms into the decision-making epoch. Affect-weighted source analyses further differentiated dorsal-posterior and ventral-anterior features of brain activity. The integration of psychometric weights and dEEG neural source analysis may provide new clues to the neural mechanisms of affective influence on self-evaluative cognition.
Water Pollution Abatement by Chinese Industry: Cost Estimates and Policy Implications

Data on pollution abatement costs in Chinese industry suggest that the benefits of stricter discharge standards should be weighed carefully against the costs. China's current regulatory system provides an economic incentive to abate by charging a levy on pollution that exceeds the standard. But changing to a full emissions charge system would greatly reduce total abatement costs. Using factory-level data provided by China`s National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA) and the Tianjin Environmental Protection Bureau, Dasgupta, Huq, Wheeler, and Zhang estimate the costs of water pollution abatement for Chinese industry. Using their econometric results, they analyze the cost-effectiveness of current pollution control policy in China and conclude that: - For each pollutant, marginal abatement costs exhibit great differences by sector, scale, and degree of abatement. Ratios of 20:1 in each dimension are not uncommon. - The benefits of stricter discharge standards should be weighed carefully against the costs. For a sample of 260 factories, a shift across the existing range of standards entails a present value difference in abatement costs of $330 million. - Emissions charges as low as $1 a ton would be sufficient to induce 80 percent abatement of suspended solids for cost-minimizing factories. Charges of $3 a ton, $15 a ton, and $30 a ton would be sufficient to induce 90 percent abatement of suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, and biological oxygen demand, respectively. - The current regulatory system provides an economic incentive to abate by charging a levy on pollution that exceeds the standard. But the results of this analysis suggest that changing to a full emissions charge system would greatly reduce overall abatement costs. For the sample of 260 factories, the current overall abatement rate could be attained under a charge system with present-value savings of $344 million. At a cost equivalent to that of the current system, uniform pollution charges would produce much better environmental quality. Approach: To measure the costs of abatement, they use joint abatement cost functions that relate total costs to treatment volume and the simultaneous effect of reductions in suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, and other pollutants. Tests of alternative functional forms suggests that a simple (constant elasticity) model fits the data as well as a complex (translog) models does, permitting sophisticated policy experiments with relatively simple calculations. This paper - a product of the Environment, Infrastructure, and Agriculture Division, Policy Research Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to understand the economics of industrial pollution control in developing countries. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under research project The Economics of Industrial Pollution Control in Developing Countries (RPO 680-20).
Effects of infrared radiation heating on peeling performance and quality attributes of clingstone peaches

Salinity and wastewater disposal problems associated with the conventional wet-lye method for peeling clingstone peaches result in considerable negative environment impacts. The efficacy of using infrared (IR) heating as an alternative method for peach peel removal was investigated to eliminate the use of water and chemicals. Peaches sorted into three size categories were double-sided heated under IR with three emitter gaps for a range of heating times from 90 s to 180 s. Wet-lye peeling was used as a control. Results showed that 180 s IR heating for medium sized peaches under an emitter gap of 90 mm yielded 84 mm
Degradation of α-actin filaments in venous smooth muscle cells in response to mechanical stretch

Mechanical stretch has been shown to induce the degradation of α-actin filaments in smooth muscle cells (SMC) of experimental vein grafts. Here, we investigate the possible role of ERK1/2 and p38 M...
Perils and pitfalls of the corporate blog: Legal and ethical issues

Blogging is one of todaypsilas most innovative and fastest growing marketing and communication tools. Blogs allow corporations to connect with their stakeholders in a more personal way and thus strengthen their image, brand, and customer loyalty. Comments posted on the corporate blog provide instant feedback, saving these organizations large sums of money otherwise spent on market research. In todaypsilas information economy, it is essential that corporations take advantage of all the new media vehicles, including blogs, to keep up with current market trends and to maintain a competitive advantage. However, for a corporation, blogging poses a number of perils and pitfalls, such as potential damage to the corporate reputation and customer loyalty, as well as legal liability. Conflicts still exist between the First Amendment rights of bloggers and corporationspsila interests. Blogs may be restricted by legal and ethical boundaries to which corporations must abide. This paper presents both the benefits and risks associated with corporate blogging, and provides some interesting examples of success stories, as well as lessons learned. It also offers a compilation of guidelines for effective blogging and suggests topics for future research.
Analytic Architecture Assessment in SOA Solution Design and its Engineering Application

In this paper, we present an architecture-centric assessment approach for model evaluation over reference architecture to quantitatively estimate architecture maturity and quality. Such assessment is essential to support design-level refinement for an enterprise solution. To achieve this analytic goal, we select a nine-layer SOA solution stack (S3) as reference architecture, and introduce the necessary mathematical definitions and formulation. The baseline for such assessment is a model template composed of S3 solution patterns. A template is the starting point of creating a design model. The selection of such template will largely determine the architecture properties of the final SOA solution.The maturity analysis is carried out at different granularity levels (architecture building block, architecture layer, and architecture model) to justify the ‘completeness’ of a design. The quality assessment is accomplished through a set of quality-indicators to justify the ‘goodness’ of an architecture based on the relationships of architecture building block instances. Finally, using UML 2.0 to capture the model of S3, we provide a real assessment prototype developed over IBM RSA platform.
Role of H2O2 and heme-containing O2 sensors in hypoxic regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression.

In the current study, we investigated links between O2-regulated H2O2formation and the hypoxic induction of mRNA for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis, ...
The Role of Brackish Plumes in Open Shelf Waters

The coupled circulation between estuaries and the adjacent continental shelf has many important impacts on coastal ecology. An especially important component of this coupled circulation results from continuation onto the shelf of the estuarine gravitational circulation. Surface outflow of lighter water from an estuary will usually produce brackish plumes on the shelf, while bottom inflow of heavier water can be drawn from a significant portion of the shelf. Observations of the near field of brackish plumes are reviewed first. These plumes divide naturally into two groups, river plumes which contain nearly fresh water and estuary plumes containing a mixture of fresh and coastal water. Models of brackish plume dynamics are then reviewed. Finally, observations and a model of the landward flowing bottom water are summarized. A clear need exists for more detailed observations and more sophisticated models of both brackish plumes and bottom return flow on continental shelves.
Do Patients Want to Participate in Decisions About Their Own Medical Care

Do patients want to be autonomous? Current legal and bioethical paradigms suggest that they not only want to be, but that they ought to be. It is sometimes difficult to sort out whether autonomy is...
Effectiveness of word solving: Integrating morphological problem-solving within comprehension instruction for middle school students

This study explores the effectiveness of integrating morphological instruction within comprehension strategy instruction. Participants were 203 students (N = 117 fifth-grade; 86 sixth-grade) from four urban schools who were randomly assigned to the intervention (N = 110; morphological problem-solving within comprehension strategy instruction) or comparison condition (N = 90; comprehension strategy instruction). All students received four thirty-minute small-group guided reading sessions involving comprehension strategy instruction with students in the intervention also learning about morphological problem-solving. Results suggested the intervention versus comparison instruction was moderately more effective at supporting multiple choice and self-perceived vocabulary knowledge (g = 0.41, g = 0.47) and also morphological awareness via generation of morphologically related words (per word g = 0.51; total g = 0.69). No significant differences were noted for other literacy outcomes such as reading comprehension and word reading fluency. Interactions between intervention status and pretest scores for self-perceived vocabulary knowledge and generation of morphologically related words indicated that while the intervention was effective for all, it was particularly helpful for readers with lower pretest scores. An interaction between language background and total number of morphologically related words generated suggested that the intervention was particularly supportive of language minority youth. Implications are discussed.
Chronic nonspecific respiratory disease in a movie projectionists union, Boston, 1963-1964.

A survey of 166 members (96% of those available) of a movie projectionists union in the Boston area did not reveal significant differences in respiratory symptoms of pulmonary function between those who had entered the union prior to 1940 and those who had entered the union after 1940. Measurements included responses to a standard questionnaire, and simple tests of pulmonary function. Cigarette-smoking habits were taken into account. Aerometric measurements were made in the booths and were much lower than those reported in the literature prior to 1940. As a result of this morbidity survey we do not believe that these movie projectionists have had significant exposures at work.
Freedom-to-Operate in the Crop Sciences: Procedure

Freedom to operate (FTO) is the ability to proceed with research, development and commercialization of a crop science product, while fully accounting for any potential risks of infringing activity, that is, whether a product can be made, used, sold, offered for sale, or exported, with a minimal risk of infringing the unlicensed intellectual property rights (IPRs) or tangible property rights (TPRs) of another. An FTO analysis begins with the ‘FTO team’ systematically dissecting the crop science product into the components, combination of components, processes and germplasm that went into its research and development. This is followed by generating a series of FTO analytical questions, whereby each piece of the product is carefully scrutinized for the presence of potential IPRs, TPRs and germplasm property rights held by other parties. Finally, patent counsel may render an FTO opinion, indicating the likelihood of the risk of infringing the unlicensed IPRs or TPRs of another should research, development or commercialization proceed. FTO is not absolute. The proprietary landscape is in a continual state of flux, both in time and in space, as in the case where patents issue/expire in countries around the world. Therefore, an FTO analysis is a risk-management tool which is only applicable for a given product, at a given time, in a given jurisdiction, and, as such, must to periodically updated.
Professional Training: Fellows and Faculty as Teachers

This chapter presents issues relevant for the fellow as teacher by describing the components of the clinical teaching encounter and microskills to identify clinical learners, organize a plan for clinical teaching, identify learner’s subtypes, and utilize the RIME approach to understanding learners.
Coronary Heart Disease and Genetic Variants with Low Phospholipase A2 Activity

Among over 6300 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, participants with genetic variants associated with reduced lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity did not have an accompanying decreased risk of cardiovascular morbidity or mortality.
Detection of paragonimiasis by dot immunogold filtration asser(DIGFA-kit) and investigation of epidemiology

Objective To appraise the effect of DIGFA-kit on field application,and to investigate the popular situation of paragonimiasis. Methods The serum antibody of the crowd in the popular area was detected by DIGFA-kit and compared with the result by ELISA.The infection situation of intermediate host and reservoir host in the popular area was investigated simultaneously. Results Of 1 062 serum samples collected from the crowd,54 were positive with the positive rate of 5.08%.The masculine coincidence rate was 100% by ELISA.The infection rate of snail considered as the first intermediate host was 0.64%,the infectiosity of limnetic crab considered as the second intermediate host was 2.95 larvae per crab,and the natural infection rate of cat was 44.68%. Conclusion DIGFA-kit has good sensitiveness and peculiarity,and is suitable for the investigation in clinical checkout and large-scale epidemiology in popular area.The existence of the first and the second intermediate host and the reservoir host in the inquired area suggests that the area is a paragonimiasis skrjabini popular area.
Chemical Composition and Pharmacological Activity of Lindera strychnifolia essential oil

The chemical composition and pharmacological activity of Lindera strychnifolia essential oil were analyzed and summarized through the reference literature in recent years. The root of Lindera strychnifolia is known in traditional Chinese medicine as Wu-Yao and possesses bioactivities,such as antimicrobial activity,antitumor activity and gastrointestinal function adjustment.This article reviews the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of essential oils from various parts of Lindera strychnifolia through the related papers in recent years. It is aimed to provide scientific basis for the rational research and development of Lindera strychnifolia essential oil.
Drum Stroke Computing: Multimodal Signal Processing for Drum Stroke Identification and Performance Metrics.

In this paper we present a multimodal system for analyzing drum performance. In the first example we perform automatic drum hand recognition utilizing a technique for automatic labeling of training data using direct sensors, and only indirect sensors (e.g. a microphone) for testing. Left/Right drum hand recognition is achieved with an average accuracy of 84.95% for two performers. Secondly we provide a study investigating multimodality dependent performance metrics analysis.
Influence of anglers' specializations on catch, harvest, and bycatch of targeted taxa

Abstract Fishery managers often use catch per unit effort (CPUE) of a given taxon derived from a group of anglers, those that sought said taxon, to evaluate fishery objectives because managers assume CPUE for this group of anglers is most sensitive to changes in fish taxon density. Further, likelihood of harvest may differ for sought and non-sought taxa if taxon sought is a defining characteristic of anglers’ attitude toward harvest. We predicted that taxon-specific catch across parties and reservoirs would be influenced by targeted taxon after controlling for number of anglers in a party and time spent fishing (combine to quantify fishing effort of party); we also predicted similar trends for taxon-specific harvest. We used creel-survey data collected from anglers that varied in taxon targeted, from generalists (targeting “anything” [no primary target taxa, but rather targeting all fishes]) to target specialists (e.g., anglers targeting largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides ) in 19 Nebraska reservoirs during 2009–2011 to test our predictions. Taxon-specific catch and harvest were, in general, positively related to fishing effort. More importantly, we observed differences of catch and harvest among anglers grouped by taxon targeted for each of the eight taxa assessed. Anglers targeting a specific taxon had the greatest catch for that taxon and anglers targeting anything typically had the second highest catch for that taxon. In addition, anglers tended to catch more of closely related taxa and of taxa commonly targeted with similar fishing techniques. We encourage managers to consider taxon-specific objectives of target and non-target catch and harvest.
A New View of Privacy in Social Networks: Strengthening Privacy During Propagation

Many smartphone-based applications need microdata, but publishing a microdata table may leak respondents’ privacy. Conventional researches on privacy-preserving data publishing focus on providing identical privacy protection to all data requesters. Considering that, instead of trapping in a small coterie, information usually propagates from friend to friend. The authors study the privacy-preserving data publishing problem on a mobile social network. Along a propagation path, a series of tables will be locally created at each participant, and the tables’ privacy-levels should be gradually enhanced. However, the tradeoff between these tables’ overall utility and their individual privacy requirements are not trivial: any inappropriate sanitization operation under a lower privacy requirement may cause dramatic utility loss on the subsequent tables. For solving the problem, the authors propose an approximation algorithm by previewing the future privacy requirements. Extensive results show that this approach successfully increases the overall data utility, and meet the strengthening privacy requirements.
Proceedings of the joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems

To fully understand a system is to fully understand its performance in its intended environment. The system can be a logic gate, an algorithm, a computer, an operating system, or a computer network. The scale covered by these systems is huge, extending from switches at nano (molecular) scale to communication systems at astronomical scales. The problems posed in performance evaluation are often extremely difficult, a fact that has strong implications for those who create systems: If a system's performance is hard to evaluate, then the system will be hard to understand; this fact has had less influence on system designers than one might hope for. We risk only slight exaggeration by likening the behavior of 100,000 lines of code to that of an emotional primate, common emotions being obstinacy and crankiness. (Will performance analysis merge with psychoanalysis?So our field of performance measurement, modeling, and evaluation is at the heart of all engineering and applied science. It is strong and vibrant, as it must be, and its practitioners are driven, enthusiastic researchers, educators, and managers; the papers in the proceedings to follow are among their latest contributions to the field's collective wisdom, particularly in the computer and network engineering sciences.The authors of the papers herein are to be congratulated for having met the increasingly stiff standards of the program committees (PCs) of SIGMETRICS and the IFIP Working Group 7.3. On the other side of the coin, the PC members, especially the Program Co-Chairs Zhen Liu and Arif Merchant, deserve our gratitude for their tireless efforts in putting together an outstanding program of presentations; special thanks in the present context go to Yefim Shuf for seeing to the production of these proceedings. The chair takes this opportunity to thank the other members of the organizing committee for their selfless and skillful work on all aspects of conference organization: Vishal Misra (local arrangements - and much more), Li Zhang (tutorials, student support), Sambit Sahu (finance), Jason Nieh (publicity), Philippe Nain (student support), a late addition, and finally our web guys Hanhua Feng and Angelos Stavrou. The chair owes particular thanks to all, as dealing with him (another cranky primate), has not always been easy.
Fat absorption after infusing bile salts into the human small intestine.

Absorptive cell abnormalities during fat absorption have recently been demonstrated by electron microscopy in some patients with small intestinal stasis syndrome. We questioned whether deconjugated bile salts, produced by jejunal bacteria, might cause these abnormalities. The hypothesis was tested by feeding an intragastric test meal to three normal volunteers after prior overnight infusion with conjugated or unconjugated bile salts or with bicarbonate-buffered saline. No definite morphological evidence of injury to jejunal absorptive cells was discerned after infusing 1 or 2 mM deoxycholate. A method of evaluation was developed to overcome various pitfalls in electron-microscopic assessment of fat absorption. The only consistent electron-microscopic difference was seen after overnight infusion of deoxycholate, i.e., a marked decrease in the numbers of fat particles in the apical areas of absorptive cells located 10 and 20 cells below the villus tip. This finding was not seen after overnight infusion of conjugated bile salts or buffered saline, or after no overnight infusion. This marked decrease in apical fat particles was also observed in our patients with stasis syndrome. Possibly, it is explained by an inhibitory effect of unconjugated bile salts on reesterification of free fatty acids by the jejunal mucosa.
“The Speech”: Reagan, the Russians, and the Bomb

This essay examines the question of when did Ronald Reagan, whose animus toward the atheistic materialism of Marxism-Leninism is well-known, adopt an equally visceral dislike of nuclear weapons and the doctrine of MAD (mutual assured destruction) which relied on the prospect of incinerating of millions of Americans and Russians to keep the “peace”? Was this anti-nuclear animus present at the time Reagan delivered “The Speech” in October 1964, or did it evolve later? Did Reagan alter his position over time, or was he consistent in his desire to leave both nuclear weapons and communism on the ash heap of history? How did Reagan, whom one presidential advisor described as an “anti-nuclear hawk,” arrive at this somewhat unusual position, since most of those in the anti-nuclear camp during the Cold War were rarely “hawkish” on defense spending and using force to defend American interests? This essay answers those questions, arguing that his efforts as president to avoid the “nightmare of nuclear annihilation” became, arguably, and surprisingly, the greatest legacy of his presidency.