cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
STDs/AIDS Sentinel Surveillance of FSW in Ganzi Prefecture,2006 and 2010

Objective Abstract Objective To understand the achievements of STDs /AIDS sentinel surveillance work for FSW in Ganzi prefecture,provide scientific evidence for the further work.Methods Face to face anonymous questionnaire survey and serologic test were conducted among 806 FSW from all the entertainments in Ganzi prefecture in 2006 and 2010,with the data compared and analyzed.Results Totally 406 FSW were investigated in 2006,and 400 FSW in 2010.The general awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge in 2006 was 95.1%,while in 2010 was 99.1%(P 0.01).The rate about FSW whether using condom in their last sex with client was 83.7% in 2006 and 97.0% in 2010(P0.01).The rate about FSW whether using condom in sex with clients during last month was that who chose sometimes accounted for 61.4%,every time accounted for 36.8% in 2006.The number in 2010 was 11.1% and 88.9%(P0.01).FSW who took HIV test in the latest year accounted for 28.9% in 2006,and 3.3% in 2010(P0.01).The positive rate of microspironema pallidum antibody in 2006 was 2.5%,and in 2010 was 6.5%(P0.01).The proportion of having accepted ‘Condoms propaganda education/AIDS counseling and testing’in 2006 was 66.3%,while in 2010 was 23.3%(P0.01).The proportion of having accepted ‘peer education’in 2006 was 67.2%,while in 2010 was 19.3%(P0.01).Conclusion Since the carring out of STD / AIDS sentinel surveillance work for FSW in Ganzi prefecture,the awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge and the rate of condom using had been increasing,while HIV testing rate had decreased,syphilis infection rate had risen and the proportion of having accept-ed intervention had decreased.
Open Arms Behind Barred Doors: Fear, Hypocrisy and Policy Schizophrenia in the European Migration Crisis

In 2015, over one million refugees and migrants arrived in Europe, laying bare the limitations of the EU's common border control and burden-sharing systems. This article examines consequences of the EU's disjoint, schizophrenic and, at times, hypocritical responses to what has become known as the European migration crisis. It explains how unilateral, national-level responses have made the EU as a whole particularly susceptible to a unique brand of coercive bargaining that relies on the threat (or actual generation) of mass population movements as a non-military instrument of state-level coercion. After outlining who employs this kind of foreign policy tool, to what ends, and under what circumstances, the article offers an illustration of this kind of coercion in action, by analyzing the March 2016 deal between the EU and Turkey. The article concludes with a discussion of broader consequences of the deal and implications both for the displaced and for the EU going forward.
Eventi che fanno precipitare una crisi

Viviamo in un’epoca in cui gli eventi che possono condurre ad una crisi e gli episodi di crisi acuta sono prevalenti. Ogni anno, milioni di persone si trovano ad affrontare eventi traumatici che non riescono a superare da soli e che, sempre piu spesso, li portano a rivolgersi alle Unita di Crisi dei Centri di Salute Mentale di comunita, alle Unita di valutazione psichiatrica, alle strutture ambulatoriali, ai Pronto Soccorso ospedalieri, ai Centri di Consulenza universitari, alle Agenzie di Consulenza familiare e ai Programmi finalizzati all’intervento sulla violenza domestica (Roberts, 2005c). Nonostante questi eventi siano tanto vari quanto diversa e unica la risposta di ciascun individuo di fronte a una particolare situazione, alcune situazioni sono universalmente riconosciute come generalmente induttive di una crisi. A seguire una lista di alcuni tra i piu comuni elementi che sottostanno ad una crisi, divisi per ambiti.
Development of a Mobile Personal Health Guide for HIV-Infected African American MSM

The study presented in this paper focuses on a relational, educational, and motivational virtual human (VH) mobile phone application for African American men who have sex with men (AAMSM). This project targets on increasing adherence to HIV medication and on improving the proportion of HIV-infected persons engaged in care by developing a theory-based mobile phone intervention that engages young HIV-positive AAMSM. The intervention is aimed to improve the likelihood of compliance with healthy behavior leading to both patient benefits (decreased morbidity, mortality and resistant virus) and population benefits (decreased HIV transmission). The VH encourages interaction with information and functions that promote engagement with the HIV Care Continuum, provide fundamental HIV information, present motivating statements, facilitate interaction with healthcare, visualize laboratory results, and encourage, explain, and illustrate relevant behavioral skills.
Protection against fine particle-induced pulmonary and systemic inflammation by omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Abstract Background Exposure to fine particulate matter, such as through air pollution, has been linked to the increased incidence of chronic diseases. However, few measures have been taken to reduce the health risks associated with fine particle exposure. The identification of safe and effective methods to protect against fine particle exposure-related damage is urgently needed. Methods We used synthetic, non-toxic, fluorescent fine particles to investigate the physical distribution of inhaled fine particles and their effects on pulmonary and systemic inflammation in mice. Tissue levels of omega-3 fatty acids were elevated via dietary supplementation or the fat-1 transgenic mouse model. Markers of pulmonary and systemic inflammation were assessed. Results We discovered that fine particulate matter not only accumulates in the lungs but can also penetrate the pulmonary barrier and travel into other organs, including the brain, liver, spleen, kidney, and testis. These particles induced both pulmonary and systemic inflammation and increased oxidative stress. We also show that elevating tissue levels of omega-3 fatty acids was effective in reducing fine particle-induced inflammation, whether as a preventive method (prior to exposure) or as an intervention (after exposure). Conclusions These results advance our understanding of how fine particles contribute to disease development and suggest that increasing tissue omega-3 levels may be a promising nutritional means for reducing the risk of diseases induced by particle exposure. General significance Our findings demonstrate that elevating tissue omega-3 levels can prevent and treat fine particle-induced health problems and thereby present an immediate, practical solution for reducing the disease burden of air pollution.
Evaluating Abe's Third Arrow: How Significant are Japan's Recent Corporate Governance Reforms?

Structural reform, the “third arrow” of the Abe administration’s policy for revitalizing the Japanese economy, centers on corporate governance reform. In recent years, Japan has adopted a Stewardship Code in the hopes of invigorating institutional investor engagement, a Corporate Governance Code recommending that Japanese firms have at least two independent directors, and amendments to the Companies Act to create a new board structure option, the so-called Company with an Audit and Supervisory Committee. In this essay, I take preliminary, impressionistic stock of these reforms. First, I comment on the voluntary “comply or explain” and menu-driven approaches adopted in these reforms. While this approach is politically expedient and avoids one-size-fits-all solutions, it has a status-quo bias, particularly if market forces are insufficient to compel Japanese firms to adopt efficient governance structures. Substantively, I suggest that board composition and enhancement of the “monitoring board” – focal points of the reform effort – are not well suited to address the problems of low profitability, cash hoarding, and loss of global market leadership afflicting Japanese firms. While the recent reform package is well intentioned and may produce some improvements at the margins, transformative change will require more fundamental changes to Japanese capitalist institutions, including most prominently the employment system, the labor market, and incentive structures within firms. Corporate governance reflects, rather than determines, a country’s variety of capitalism. Rather than focusing on details such as the number of independent directors a company should have, a bold revitalization policy would address larger questions about what type of corporate capitalism Japan needs and finds acceptable for the twenty-first century.
Decreased Runoff Response to Precipitation, Little Missouri River Basin, Northern Great Plains, USA

High variability in precipitation and streamflow in the semiarid northern Great Plains causes large uncertainty in water availability. This uncertainty is compounded by potential effects of future climate change. We examined historical variability in annual and growing season precipitation, temperature, and streamflow within the Little Missouri River Basin and identified differences in the runoff response to precipitation for the period 1976-2012 compared to 1939-1975 (n = 37 years in both cases). Computed mean values for the second half of the record showed little change ( 1°C increases in January through March, are the dominant driver of the observed decrease in runoff response to precipitation in the Little Missouri River Basin.
A utility approach to determine productivity measures for a computer science department

Multi–attribute utility theory is commonly applied to decision–making problems in which the possible decision consequences are characterised by more than one attribute. This study developed utility functions to provide a measure of effectiveness for project ranking and ultimately to enhance productivity in the computer science department of a large organisation. Steps in developing utility functions are summarised, and questions requiring answers are presented. The computer science model illustrated in this study uses twenty–one attributes in the major categories of services, security, personnel, and development. This model is illustrated in exhibits, and its use, flexibility, and implementation are discussed. Conclusions are drawn as to the value of using such a model as an aid to decision making.
Numerical results on the short-range spin correlation functions in the ground state of the two-dimensional Hubbard model

Optical lattice experiments with ultracold fermion atoms and quantum gas microscopy have recently realized direct measurements of magnetic correlations at the site-resolved level. We calculate the short-range spin-correlation functions in the ground state of the two-dimensional repulsive Hubbard model with the auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo (AFQMC) method. The results are numerically exact at half filling where the fermion sign problem is absent. Away from half filling, we employ the constrained path AFQMC approach to eliminate the exponential computational scaling from the sign problem. The constraint employs unrestricted Hartree-Fock trial wave functions with an effective interaction strength $U$, which is optimized self-consistently within AFQMC. Large supercells are studied, with twist averaged boundary conditions as needed, to reach the thermodynamic limit. We find that the nearest-neighbor spin correlation always increases with the interaction strength $U$, contrary to the finite-temperature behavior where a maximum is reached at a finite $U$ value. We also observe a change of sign in the next-nearest-neighbor spin correlation with increasing density, which is a consequence of the buildup of the long-range antiferromagnetic correlation. We expect the results presented in this paper to serve as a benchmark as lower temperatures are reached in ultracold atom experiments.
Risk and Repeated Games: Is Random Termination a Reasonable Proxy For Discounting?

This paper looks to see if departures from risk neutrality cause subjects to behave differently in randomly terminated supergames compared to infinitely discounted supergames. I show that if subjects have a strictly monotonic utility function, and that utility function is applied to their entire income stream instead of their period by period earnings, then the critical discount factor, δ ∗ , needed to support cooperation in the repeated Prisoner's Dilemma differs between discounted and randomly terminated supergames as subjects become more risk averse/seeking. I then take this theoretical result into the lab where I have subjects play randomly terminated supergames and supergames featuring discounted payoffs over an "infinite" time horizon using a unique experimental design. This design allows subjects to opt out of continuing to play the discounted supergames and instead receive a continuation payoff as compensation for every period of the supergame they choose not to play. The lab results show that there is no statistically significant difference between what actions subjects chose to play in randomly terminated supergames and those they chose to play in discounted supergames, even when their risk attitude is controlled for. Simple, two period patterns of stage game outcomes are more likely to emerge in discounted supergames than they are in randomly terminated supergames.
Fast, accurate spectral clustering using locally linear landmarks

For problems of image or video segmentation, where clusters have a complex structure, a leading method is spectral clustering. It works by encoding the similarity between pairs of points into an affinity matrix and applying k-means in its low-order eigenspace, where the clustering structure is enhanced. When the number of points is large, an approximation is necessary to limit the runtime even if the affinity matrix is sparse. This is commonly done with the Nystrom formula, where one solves an eigenproblem using affinities between a subset of the data points (landmarks) and then estimates the eigenvectors over the entire data by interpolation. In practice, this can still require many landmarks to achieve reasonably accurate solutions, and applies only for explicitly defined affinity kernels. In this paper we propose two ideas: the Locally Linear Landmarks technique, where one solves a reduced spectral problem over landmarks that involves the entire, original affinity matrix; and a fast, good initialization for k-means. We show both approximation error and runtime are considerably reduced, even though fewer landmarks are used. We apply it to spectral clustering and to several variants of it that involve complex affinities: constrained clustering, affinity aggregation, neighborhood graphs based on tree ensembles, and video segmentation.
A High Current Multicusp Ion Source For Ion Implantation

Although multicusp ion source technology is well known in applications such as neutral beam heating for fusion and plasma processing, little work has been published on applying this type of source to ion implantation. The multicusp geometry provides a number of features that are desirable for implantation, it is scalable to larger extraction areas, produces a quiescent plasma, and provides great latitude with the means of plasma production. Unlike a Freeman source, the multicusp source requires no external magnet. A multicusp ion source has been developed for ion implantation. It is compatible with existing high current implanters and the results show that the performance is similar to the standard Freeman ion source, with potentially much better lifetime. This paper will present results for the performance and lifetime of this type of ion source with dopant gases such as BF 3 .
Molecular Diagnostics of Lymphoid Neoplasms

According to 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissue, lymphoid neoplasms are divided into two, mature and immature (precursors), forms including mature B and T/NK cell leukemia/lymphomas and B and T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphomas (B-ALL/LBL, T-ALL/LBL). Nowadays a variety of molecular methods are introduced for the modern classification of lymphoid neoplasm system. Although morphological characteristics remain the cornerstone of the evaluation of lymphoid neoplasm, ancillary studies e.g. immunophenotyping and PCR study for T- and B-cell gene rearrangements are routinely implicated in daily service. Different from myeloid neoplasms, the application of molecular/genetic diagnosis and subclassification of lymphoid neoplasm are mainly limited in B-ALL. There are few known protooncogenes or cytogenetic abnormalities in the certain T/NK or B lymphoid malignancies. The chapter focuses on common molecular diagnostic approaches and molecules that implicated in therapeutic strategies, predicting prognosis and monitoring minimal residual disease.
P127 Unexpected negative crossmatch in a patient with high level ANTI-HLA-DQA donor specific antibodies

In 2014 OPTN/UNOS approved a policy to include DQA1 as part of the allocation process but the effect of preformed DQA donor specific antibody (DSA) on graft survival is not fully understood. We present a case of a negative flow cytometric crossmatch (FXCM) and good graft survival in a patient with preformed DQA DSA, suggesting that DQ expression affects the impact of these antibodies. A 43 year old male presented for renal re-transplant and evaluation by single antigen beads revealed antibodies against DQ 2 and DQA 4, 5, & 6 (Table 1). A virtual crossmatch (VXM) with a deceased donor was incompatible due anti-DQA 5 DSA at ∼ 23,000MFI. A FCXM was, surprisingly, compatible on three serum dates tested. DSA testing 24 h post-transplant revealed anti-DQA 5 at ∼ 20,000 MFI. C1q testing revealed anti-DQA 5 at ∼ 31,000MFI. Confirmatory typing and a repeat FCXM were consistent with initial testing. A surrogate FCXM with a DQA 5 donor was B-cell positive (502 MCS [cutoff 270 MCS]). At day 3, the patient had delayed graft function with creatinine of 14.3 mg/dL. However, a biopsy showed no evidence of rejection and C4d staining was negative. At day 49, the creatinine had decreased to 2.27 mg/dL and the biopsy remained negative. The patient continues to have good graft function two years post-transplant. DQ is differentially expressed primarily through the class II transactivator (CIITA) pathway. The CIITA-PIII promoter drives constitutive expression of CIITA in B cells and can be activated by IFN γ in non-B cells. Epigenetic changes in CIITA-PIII can result in complete abrogation of CIITA and, consequently, DQ expression. It is possible that downregulation of CIITA in this donor resulted in minimal DQ expression in the graft. Due to the incompatibility of the VXM this patient could have been denied the benefits of transplantation. Studies of DQ expression are limited in transplantation and should be an area of increasing investigation as the ability to identify acceptably mismatched organs continues to advance. Download : Download high-res image (147KB) Download : Download full-size image
A Role for Bacteria in the Development of Autoimmunity for Type 1 Diabetes

The human gut microbiome consists of hundreds of bacterial species and many billions of cells. Recent work suggests that these bacterial populations play a very important role in sustaining human health. In particular, the composition of these bacterial communities changes significantly in autoimmune subjects compared to healthy controls. Feeding antibiotics or probiotics to diabetes prone mice or rats delays or prevents diabetes. Specific gut bacteria were identified that were either positively or negatively correlated with the development of autoimmunity for type 1 diabetes in a small set of Finnish children. Further analysis of the communities from these children suggests that the gut microbiome of autoimmune children is a less healthy bacterial population compared to what is found in healthy children. Future work is needed that will inform not just the identity of these bacteria but provide insights into their function. In turn, these analyses may suggest how specific bacteria may cause a leaky gut leading to an altered immune responsiveness.
Determinants of Progression in Early Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: Is it Blood Pressure or Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System Blockade?

Background The HALT PKD trial in early autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) showed that intensive control of systolic blood pressure to 95-110 mmHg was associated with a 14% slower rate of kidney volume growth compared to standard control. It is unclear whether this result was due to greater blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) by allowing the use of higher drug doses in the low blood pressure arm, or due to the lower blood pressure per se. Methods In this secondary analysis of HALT PKD Study A, we categorized participants into high and low dose groups based on the median daily equivalent dose of RAAS blocking drugs used after the initial dose titration period. Using linear mixed models, we compared the percent change in total kidney volume and the slope of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between the 2 groups. We also assessed the effects of time-varying dose and time-varying blood pressure parameters on these outcomes. Results Subjects in the high dose group (n=252) did not experience a slower increase in total kidney volume than those in the low-dose (n=225) group, after adjustment for age, sex, genotype, and BP arm. The chronic slope of eGFR decline was similar in the 2 groups. Higher time-varying systolic blood pressure was associated with a steeper decline in eGFR. Conclusion ADPKD progression (as detected by eGFR decline and TKV increase) was ameliorated by intense blood pressure control as opposed to pharmacologic intensity of RAAS blockade.
Design of Multi-state DRAM Using Quantum Dot Gate Non-volatile Memory (QDNVM)

This paper presents the fabrication of single level cell (SLC), multi-level cell (MLC), triple-level cell (TLC) and quadruple level cell (QLC) using quantum dot gate non-volatile memory (QDNVM). QDNVM can store multiple bits in its discrete quantum dots in the gate region which represents different states of the memory cell. The precise control of charge storage in the discrete quantum dots I the gate region of the QDNVM solves the reliability issues of MLC and TLC. Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) is very compact memory device which needs to refresh periodically. Use of QDNVM will increase the bit storing capability of DRAM. Compact design and increase bit handling capability of designed DRAM will help to increase the information density per unit area.
What Drives R&D Investment Decisions of Indian Firms?

Studies have examined the association between property rights, government appropriation, access to finance and indicators of economic growth such as profit reinvestment and corporate R&D investment decision using Chinese firm level data. In this study, we intend to find the determinants of corporate R&D in the context of India. We use a unique firm level dataset obtained from surveys of Indian enterprises in the years 2002 and 2005. Our findings indicate the contract enforcement system has no significant association with R&D decision of an establishment but the ownership structure play a crucial role in such decisions. In addition, we find that the local government’s incentive to make the location attractive for firms, informal payments and access to finance have significant positive association with the likelihood of making positive R&D investment decision and the amount of R&D investment made by firms. Our findings are supported further by a series of robustness checks and the associated consistency of the results.
10 – Regulators: Leadership and Reaction

Publisher Summary This chapter addresses ways in which electronic markets have changed both the regulatory and the business dynamics and attempts to articulate when regulation is the driver of market change and when it is a mere reactor. The capabilities of electronic markets for integrated supervision and maximum trading benefit is sometimes in conflict. Technology potentially assemble detail on individual positions, aggregate positions in multiple markets, and tailor filters that target risk precisely so as to identify and halt market abuses more readily, immediately, and definitively than in the floor environment. These regulatory advantages, however, remain unrealized because market participants prioritize speed of execution over prevention of error risk, or individual advantage over group protection.
Egocentric Bias in Perceptions of Customary International Law

A substantial body of research in social psychology suggests that egocentric biases inhibit our ability to discern norms. This chapter identifies and explains two of those biases - the False Consensus Effect and the False Uniqueness Effect - and then explores their relevance and implications for efforts to identify customary international law (CIL). Among other things, the analysis offers insights on the persistent objector rule, the origins and evolution of CIL, and the merits of rational choice models.
Measuring visual attention to faces with cleft deformity.

SUMMARY Background Limited data are available regarding observers' visual attention to faces with congenital difference. We implemented eye tracking technology to examine this issue, as it pertains particularly to faces with cleft deformity. Method Four hundred three observers assessed 273 clinical images, while their eye movements were unobtrusively tracked using an infrared sensor. Forty-one facial images of the repaired cleft lip, 137 images of other facial conditions, and 95 images of matched controls were assessed. Twenty facial regions of interest ("lookzones") were considered for all images observed. A separate cohort of 720 raters evaluated the images for attractiveness. Observer and image demographic information was collected. Visual fixation counts and durations were computed across all 20 lookzones for all images. The effect of a variety of variables on lookzone fixation was analyzed using factorial ANOVA testing. Results Cleft-repaired faces were rated as less attractive and drew observers' attention preferentially to the affected upper lip lookzone (p Conclusion These findings highlight the utility of eye tracking measures for understanding critical variables that influence the visual processing of faces with cleft deformity. The data may provide analytical tools for assessing surgical outcome and direct priority setting during surgeons' conversations with patients.
Abstract WMP95: The Effect of Race and White Matter Hyperintensity on Quality of Life Following Lacunar Stroke: A Secondary Analysis of SPS3 Study

Introduction: Quality of life after stroke is affected by multiple social and biological factors. The interaction between white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden and race have not previously been ...
3082 Cardiovascular Health Promotion Among African-Americans: Community Participatory Approach to Design an Innovative Mobile-Health Intervention

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To translate a behavioral theory–informed, evidence-based, face-to-face health education program into an mHealth lifestyle intervention for African-Americans (AAs). METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This mixed methods study consisted of 4 phases, using an iterative development process to intervention design with the AA community. In Phase 1, we held focus groups with AA community members and church partners (n=23) to gain insight regarding the needs and preferences of potential app end users. In Phase 2, the interdisciplinary research team synthesized input from Phase 1 for preliminary app design and content development. Phase 3 consisted of a sequential 3-meeting series with the church partners (n=13) for iterative app prototyping (assessment, cultural tailoring, final review). Phase 4 was a single group pilot study among AA church congregants (n=50) to assess app acceptability, usability, and satisfaction. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Phase 1 focus groups indicated preferences for general and health related apps: multifunctional; high-quality graphics/visuals; evidence-based, yet simple health information; and social networking capability. Phase 2 integrated these preferences into the preliminary app prototype. Feedback from Phase 3 was used to refine the FAITH! App prototype for pilot testing. Phase 4 pilot testing indicated high acceptability, usability, and satisfaction of the FAITH! App. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This study illustrates the process of using formative and CBPR approaches to design a culturally relevant, mHealth lifestyle intervention to address CV health disparities within the AA community. Given the positive perceptions of the app, our study supports the use of an iterative development process by others interested in implementing an mHealth lifestyle intervention for racial/ethnic minority communities.
309. Stellenwert und Bedeutung der ultraschallgesteuerten Pleurapunktion/Thoraxdrainage chirurgischer Intensivpatienten

Die Sensitivitat der Ultraschalldiagnostik bei Pleuraergussen und die Bedeutung der sonographisch gesteuerten Pleurapunktion wurden in einer prospektiven Studie an 110 Patienten nach Abdominaleingriffen und Thoraxverletzungen untersucht. Die meisten Sonographieuntersuchungen erfolgten in halbsitzender Position des Patienten. 38 Falle mit klinisch relevantem Pleuraerguss konnten mittels ultraschallgesteuerter Pleurapunktion behandelt werden. Die punktierten Ergussmengen lagen zwischen I50 und I350 ml. Die Sensitivitat der Methode betrug 97,I%, die Komplikationsrate 2,6%. Die ultraschallgesteuerte Pleurapunktion stellt nach unserer Meinung die Methode der Wahl bei schwerkranken und immobilen Patienten dar.
Synthesis of functionalized tetrahydropyrans via cascade cycloaddition involving silyloxyallyl cation intermediates.

Correction for 'Synthesis of functionalized tetrahydropyrans via cascade cycloaddition involving silyloxyallyl cation intermediates' by Fatimat O. Badmus et al., Chem. Commun., 2020, 56, 5034-5037, DOI: .
Chapter 66 – Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), which is a highly variable heritable disease of bone characterized by recurring bone fractures. Three degrees of deforming OI, types II, III, and IV, are associated with decreasing severity of growth retardation and limb deformity and all result from a mutation affecting the structure of the type 1 collagen molecule. Most infants that succumb to OI in the perinatal period are considered OI type II. The hallmarks of type II include shortened and deformed limbs in the presence of normal birth weight and length. Faulty thoracic musculoskeletal development also limits respiratory function in the majority of cases. Infants born with fractures and deformity that survive the perinatal period are grouped as OI type III. The natural history of type III includes the presence of multiple fractures, significant molding of the calvarium, and deformity of the extremities at birth. Fractures may continue to occur in infancy and childhood precluding a normal pattern of ambulation. Infants that appear normal at birth but develop deformity upon ambulation generally fall into the OI type IV group, although this form can merge into features seen in OI type I. Moderate short stature is common, but ambulation is generally possible with the aid of rods and braces. Radiologically, the extent of skeletal dysplasia in type IV disease is more severe than found in type I cases, but less than in type HI OI. There is more severe osteoporosis with significant cortical and trabecular bone loss.
Antarctic Radiolaria, Magnetic Reversals, and Climatic Change

The time is now ripe for a concerted attack on the evolutionary, ecological, and molecular aspects of life at high temperatures. Hot springs provide nearly ideal ecosystems for such study, since th...
Rectal douching in a community sample of men and women.

Rectal douching (RD) may be a vector for sexually transmitted infection (STI) acquisition. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between RD, and the prevalence of various STIs and ...
Coordinate redefinition invariance and “extra” terms

Abstract We investigate the issue of coordinate redefinition invariance by carefully performing non-linear transformations in the discretized quantum mechanical path integral. By resorting to hamiltonian path integral methods, we provide the first complete derivation of the extra term (beyond the usual jacobian term) which arises in the action when a non-linear transformation is made. We comment on possible connections with the renormalization group, by showing that these extra terms may emerge from a “blocking” procedure.
Film as cultural diplomacy: South Korea’s nation branding through Parasite (2019)

This study examines the nation branding of South Korea through the Oscar-winning film Parasite (2019) to understand the South Korean government’s approach toward cultural diplomacy, and its outcomes. Despite growing depoliticalization and decentralization, South Korea’s cultural diplomacy policy remains unilateral in embracing Parasite’s success for nation branding while drawing on expanding private-sector resources to produce and market the film. To explicate South Korea’s nation brand vis-a-vis Parasite, a Leximancer analysis of 8808 texts investigated concepts that are associated with the film as a complex bundle of images, meanings, associations, and experiences in the minds of international audiences. The texts associate Parasite with the national entity of South Korea and the country’s most significant cultural content export, the Korean Wave. Sentiment analyses through Leximancer also show positive attitudes, thus helping to reinforce the nation branding of Parasite and its successes as a tangible South Korean national resource, consistent with a soft power approach.
Family of Origin as Cultural Messengers in the Training Context

A novel Family of Origin as Supervisory Resource Model that harnesses the family of origin of the therapist-in-training as a cultural supervisory resource in the training paradigm is presented. The...
Knowledge Transfer across Imaging Modalities Via Simultaneous Learning of Adaptive Autoencoders for High-Fidelity Mobile Robot Vision.

Enabling mobile robots for solving challenging and diverse shape, texture, and motion related tasks with high fidelity vision requires the integration of novel multimodal imaging sensors and advanced fusion techniques. However, it is associated with high cost, power, hardware modification, and computing requirements which limit its scalability. In this paper, we propose a novel Simultaneously Learned Auto Encoder Domain Adaptation (SAEDA)-based transfer learning technique to empower noisy sensing with advanced sensor suite capabilities. In this regard, SAEDA trains both source and target auto-encoders together on a single graph to obtain the domain invariant feature space between the source and target domains on simultaneously collected data. Then, it uses the domain invariant feature space to transfer knowledge between different signal modalities. The evaluation has been done on two collected datasets (LiDAR and Radar) and one existing dataset (LiDAR, Radar and Video) which provides a significant improvement in quadruped robot-based classification (home floor and human activity recognition) and regression (surface roughness estimation) problems. We also integrate our sensor suite and SAEDA framework on two real-time systems (vacuum cleaning and Mini-Cheetah quadruped robots) for studying the feasibility and usability.
NOISE CONTROL IN URBAN PLANNING

The impact of noise upon the health and well-being of the population is described. Noise represents a major environmental problem capable of being a nuisance or a hazard to the population. A method for appraising the implicated health effects of noise is shown. Noise problems associated with both ground and air transportation systems are presented. Effective environmental solutions are necessary to control noise at the source, path, and object. The role of urban planning in mitigating noise impact is assessed, and examples are presented. Several land use management techniques can contribute toward abating noise, including site design analysis, environmental zoning, building codes, and noise ordinances. As land use management is essential for an effective noise control program - existing and proposed environmental legislation and policies, primarily at the Federal level, require more planning activity. The future noise status of urban areas depends heavily upon controls either initiated by or implemented by the urban planning profession.
Cold Lability of Bacillus cereus Bacteriophage CP-51

Phage CP-51 was rapidly inactivated when stored at the usual refrigerator temperatures (2 to 4 C) and even more rapidly when exposed to 0 C. The loss in viability resulting from exposure to cold appeared to correlate with the increase in number of phage particles having contracted tails. High concentrations (0.01 M) of Mg2+, Ca2+, or Mn2+ stabilized the phage considerably, but even in the presence of these divalent cations, it was much less stable at 0 C than at 15 C.
Safety Criticality Standards Using the French CRISTAL Code Package: Application to the AREVA NP UO2 Fuel Fabrication Plant

Criticality safety evaluations implement requirements to proof of sufficient sub critical margins outside of the reactor environment for example in fuel fabrication plants. Basic criticality data (i.e., criticality standards) are used in the determination of sub critical margins for all processes involving plutonium or enriched uranium. There are several criticality international standards, e.g., ARH-600, which is one the US nuclear industry relies on. The French Nuclear Safety Authority (DGSNR and its advising body IRSN) has requested AREVA NP to review the criticality standards used for the evaluation of its Low Enriched Uranium fuel fabrication plants with CRISTAL V0, the recently updated French criticality evaluation package. Criticality safety is a concern for every phase of the fabrication process including UF{sub 6} cylinder storage, UF{sub 6}-UO{sub 2} conversion, powder storage, pelletizing, rod loading, assembly fabrication, and assembly transportation. Until 2003, the accepted criticality standards were based on the French CEA work performed in the late seventies with the APOLLO1 cell/assembly computer code. APOLLO1 is a spectral code, used for evaluating the basic characteristics of fuel assemblies for reactor physics applications, which has been enhanced to perform criticality safety calculations. Throughout the years, CRISTAL, starting with APOLLO1 and MORET 3 (a 3D Montemore » Carlo code), has been improved to account for the growth of its qualification database and for increasing user requirements. Today, CRISTAL V0 is an up-to-date computational tool incorporating a modern basic microscopic cross section set based on JEF2.2 and the comprehensive APOLLO2 and MORET 4 codes. APOLLO2 is well suited for criticality standards calculations as it includes a sophisticated self shielding approach, a P{sub ij} flux determination, and a 1D transport (S{sub n}) process. CRISTAL V0 is the result of more than five years of development work focusing on theoretical approaches and the implementation of user-friendly graphical interfaces. Due to its comprehensive physical simulation and thanks to its broad qualification database with more than a thousand benchmark/calculation comparisons, CRISTAL V0 provides outstanding and reliable accuracy for criticality evaluations for configurations covering the entire fuel cycle (i.e. from enrichment, pellet/assembly fabrication, transportation, to fuel reprocessing). After a brief description of the calculation scheme and the physics algorithms used in this code package, results for the various fissile media encountered in a UO{sub 2} fuel fabrication plant will be detailed and discussed. (authors)« less
Dynamics of pattern-loaded fermions in bichromatic optical lattices

Motivated by experiments in Munich [M. Schreiber et al., Science 349, 842 (2015).], we study the dynamics of interacting fermions initially prepared in charge density wave states in one-dimensional bichromatic optical lattices. The experiment sees a marked lack of thermalization, which has been taken as evidence for an interacting generalization of Anderson localization, dubbed ``many-body localization.'' We model the experiments using an interacting Aubry-Andre model and develop a computationally efficient low-density cluster expansion to calculate the even-odd density imbalance as a function of interaction strength and potential strength. Our calculations agree with the experimental results and shed light on the phenomena. We also explore a two-dimensional generalization. The cluster expansion method we develop should have broad applicability to similar problems in nonequilibrium quantum physics.
Synthesis of Cyclobutanones via 1‐Bromo‐1‐Ethoxycyclopropane: (E)‐2‐(1‐Propenyl)Cyclobutanone

Synthesis of cyclobutanones via 1-bromo-1-ethoxycyclopropane: (E)-2-(1-propenyl)cyclobutanone intermediate: 1-bromo-1-ethoxycyclopropane product: (E)-2-(1-Propenyl)cyclobutanone. intermediate: 15.3 g (0.098 mol) of (E)-1-ethoxy-1-(1-hydroxy-2-butenyl)cyclopropane Keywords: addition, to CO; grignard and related reactions; metalation reactions, lithium; rearrangements; replacement reactions, ether by halogen; ring expansion reactions; 1-lithio-1-ethoxycyclopropane; air sensitive solutions, handling; benzene; tert-butyllithium, extremely pyrophoric; distillation residues, exposure to air
NOx Dependency on Residence Time and Inlet Temperature for Lean-Premixed Combustion in Jet-Stirred Reactors

The effect of the residence time variation on NOx formation in high-intensity, lean-premixed (LP) methane combustion is explored through experiments conducted in a high-pressure jet-stirred reactor (HP-JSR) operated at 6.5 atm pressure. The residence time is varied between 0.5 ms and 4 ms, holding the measured reactor recirculation zone temperature constant at 1803 K. Air preheat is not used. The results indicate a minimum NOx level of 3.5 ppmvd (15% O2) for reactor mean residence times between 2 and 2.5 ms. As the residence time is reduced from 2.0 ms to 0.5 ms, the NOx increases, consistent with a spreading of super-equilibrium concentrations of free-radicals throughout the reactor. For the shortest residence times examined, PSR modeling agrees with the NOx measurements. At long residence times, (i.e., above 2.5 ms), the measured CO behavior indicates the super-equilibrium free radicals, and thus the rapid NOx production, are confined mainly to the jet zone of the reactor. For the long residence time range, the measured NOx increases with increasing residence time, and is significantly less than the PSR predictions. A simple two-zone model of the HP-JSR is used to interpret and evaluate the NOx formation.Experiments exploring the effect of inlet temperature on NOx are conducted in an atmospheric pressure, methane-fired, jet-stirred reactor (A-JSR). The reactor temperature is held constant at 1788 K, and the inlet mixture temperature is varied between the no-preheat case and 623 K. These experiments show that increasing the inlet air temperature over the full range tested decreases the NOx by about 30%. Several explanations are offered for the behavior. For both reactors, i.e., the HP-JSR and A-JSR, single inlet jet nozzles are used. The results lead to a practical conclusion that very low NOx levels can be achieved for combustion in strongly back-mixed reaction cavities adjusted to optimal residence time and inlet temperature.Copyright © 1998 by ASME
Researching a Local Heroin Market as a Complex Adaptive System

This project applies agent-based modeling (ABM) techniques to better understand the operation, organization, and structure of a local heroin market. The simulation detailed was developed using data from an 18-month ethnographic case study. The original research, collected in Denver, CO during the 1990s, represents the historic account of users and dealers who operated in the Larimer area heroin market. Working together, the authors studied the behaviors of customers, private dealers, street-sellers, brokers, and the police, reflecting the core elements pertaining to how the market operated. After evaluating the logical consistency between the data and agent behaviors, simulations scaled-up interactions to observe their aggregated outcomes. While the concept and findings from this study remain experimental, these methods represent a novel way in which to understand illicit drug markets and the dynamic adaptations and outcomes they generate. Extensions of this research perspective, as well as its strengths and limitations, are discussed.
TeV/m nano-accelerator: Investigation on feasibility of CNT-channeling acceleration at Fermilab

Abstract The development of high gradient acceleration and tight phase-space control of high power beams is a key element for future lepton and hadron colliders since the increasing demands for higher energy and luminosity significantly raise costs of modern HEP facilities. Atomic channels in crystals are known to consist of 10–100 V/A potential barriers capable of guiding and collimating a high energy beam providing continuously focused acceleration with exceptionally high gradients (TeV/m). However, channels in natural crystals are only angstrom-size and physically vulnerable to high energy interactions, which has prevented crystals from being applied to high power accelerators. Carbon-based nano-crystals such as carbon-nanotubes (CNTs) and graphenes have a large degree of dimensional flexibility and thermo-mechanical strength, which could be suitable for channeling acceleration of MW beams. Nano-channels of the synthetic crystals can accept a few orders of magnitude larger phase-space volume of channeled particles with much higher thermal tolerance than natural crystals. This paper presents the current status of CNT-channeling acceleration research at the Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator (ASTA) in Fermilab.
Autogenous bone grafts for atrophic edentulous mandibles: A final report

While autogenous bone augmentations for atrophic edentulous mandibles are not the ideal solution for this problem, we do not share the pessimism of other investigators. The average loss of bone over the 92-month observation period was 60% for this small sample of eight patients. However, there was an 81% gain in bone height in the premolar-molar regions when compared with presurgical measurements. Seven of the eight patients believed these procedures were beneficial.
Androgens augment vasoactive intestinal peptide- and growth hormone-releasing hormone-stimulated progestin production by rat granulosa cells.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been shown to stimulate steroid production by cultured rat granulosa cells independently of FSH. In the present study, we have examined the modulatory effects of various steroids on this response. Rat granulosa cells cultured for 2 days with only VIP showed small but significant increases in progesterone and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone (20 alpha-OH-P) production. Concomitant treatment with either a synthetic estrogen (diethylstilbestrol), a synthetic progestin (R5020), or cortisol did not augment VIP-stimulated progesterone production; however, the latter two steroids slightly, but significantly, augmented VIP-stimulated 20 alpha-OH-P production. In contrast, concomitant treatment with a synthetic androgen (R1881) dramatically augmented both VIP-stimulated progesterone and 20 alpha-OH-P production. These effects were dose dependent for both VIP and R1881 and could be blocked by the androgen antagonist cyproterone acetate. Time course studies revealed that progester...