cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New Synthetic Approaches to 4(1H)-Pyridones. II. Derivatives Having Nonaromatic Substituents

Abstract The preceding communication reports on the synthesis of 3,5-diaryl-4(1H)-pyridone derivatives via enaminoketones derived from the acylation of styrylamines with substituted arylacetyl chlorides. In this paper we describe methods for the preparation of 4(1H)-pyridones bearing carboxylic acid, ester, nitrile, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, and derived functional groups in the 3-position.
Multi-break rearrangements: from circular to linear genomes

Multi-break rearrangements break a genome into multiple fragments and further glue them together in a new order. While 2- break rearrangements represent standard reversals, fusions, fissions, and translocations operations; 3-break rearrangements are a natural generalization of transpositions and inverted transpositions. Multi-break rearrangements in circular genomes were studied in depth in [1] and were further applied to the analysis of chromosomal evolution in mammalian genomes [2]. In this paper we extend these results to the more difficult case of linear genomes. In particular, we give lower bounds for the rearrangement distance between linear genomes and use these results to analyze comparative genomic architecture of mammalian genomes.
Multimode fibers for compensating intermodal dispersion of graded-index multimode fibers

This paper proposes a novel type of multimode dispersion compensation fiber (MM-DCF) by which the intermodal dispersion of multimode fibers (MMFs) can be effectively compensated. A theoretical model that precisely calculates the group velocities of a target MMF and its MM-DCF and the power coupling between the two fibers is applied to confirm the proposal presented here. As a demonstration of the operation of the MM-DCF, an MMF optimized for transmission at a wavelength of 850 nm is compensated by the MM-DCF, and its overfilled launch bandwidth at a wavelength of 1300 nm is enhanced from 0.62 to 2.56GHz/spl middot/km.
Imaging of Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle cell disease is an important health care issue in the United States and in certain areas in Africa, the Middle East and India. Although a great deal of progress has been made in understanding the disease at the molecular and pathophysiologic level, specific treatment which is safe and accessible for most patients is still elusive. Going into the next millennium, the management of this disease is still largely dependent on early diagnosis and the treatment of complications with supportive care. Thus, diagnosis and evaluation of the complications of the disease are crucial in directing clinical care at the bedside. Modern imaging modalities have greatly improved, and their application in the patient with the sickling disorders has enhanced the decision – making process. The purpose of this article is to review the clinical aspects of common complications of the disease and to discuss imaging approaches which are useful in their evaluation.
Harnessing data structure for recovery of randomly missing structural vibration responses time history: Sparse representation versus low-rank structure

Abstract Randomly missing data of structural vibration responses time history often occurs in structural dynamics and health monitoring. For example, structural vibration responses are often corrupted by outliers or erroneous measurements due to sensor malfunction; in wireless sensing platforms, data loss during wireless communication is a common issue. Besides, to alleviate the wireless data sampling or communication burden, certain accounts of data are often discarded during sampling or before transmission. In these and other applications, recovery of the randomly missing structural vibration responses from the available, incomplete data, is essential for system identification and structural health monitoring; it is an ill-posed inverse problem, however. This paper explicitly harnesses the data structure itself—of the structural vibration responses—to address this (inverse) problem. What is relevant is an empirical, but often practically true, observation, that is, typically there are only few modes active in the structural vibration responses; hence a sparse representation (in frequency domain) of the single-channel data vector, or, a low-rank structure (by singular value decomposition) of the multi-channel data matrix. Exploiting such prior knowledge of data structure (intra-channel sparse or inter-channel low-rank), the new theories of l 1 -minimization sparse recovery and nuclear-norm-minimization low-rank matrix completion enable recovery of the randomly missing or corrupted structural vibration response data. The performance of these two alternatives, in terms of recovery accuracy and computational time under different data missing rates, is investigated on a few structural vibration response data sets—the seismic responses of the super high-rise Canton Tower and the structural health monitoring accelerations of a real large-scale cable-stayed bridge. Encouraging results are obtained and the applicability and limitation of the presented methods are discussed.
Liminal Men: Incarceration and Relationship Dissolution

Incarceration, now a rite of passage for many economically disadvantaged minority men entailing an involuntary removal from families, places these marginal men in a liminal state where they are simultaneously members of families and isolated from families. Despite a burgeoning literature documenting the collateral consequences of incarceration for family life, as well as evidence that the deleterious consequences of incarceration for maternal and child well-being stem from resultant relationship dissolution, much less is known about the direct link between incarceration and relationship dissolution. I consider this association with data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a longitudinal survey uniquely positioned to understand the consequences of incarceration for family life. Results show that paternal incarceration is associated with relatively immediate relationship dissolution among parents, the association is concentrated among parents living together prior to incarceration, and is explained by both incarceration duration and changes in relationship quality. And, for couples that survive this initial period, incarceration is inconsequential for relationship dissolution. Taken together, these findings link the literature on the collateral consequences of mass incarceration with the literature on demographic changes in family life, and, given the well-known deleterious consequences of parental relationship dissolution for children, have important implications for intergenerational inequality.
The Heroine with a Thousand Faces: Universal Trends in the Characterization of Female Folk Tale Protagonists:

Scholars have long remarked striking similarities in the depiction of male heroes in the world’s folktale traditions. The most ambitious attempt to document and explain these similarities is Joseph Campbell’s The Hero with a Thousand Faces (1936). Campbell’s work differs in detail from other noteworthy attempts to define universal features of heroes (e.g., Dundes 1980; Fontenrose 1959; Rank 1909; Raglan 1936; Tylor 1871; Von Hahn 1876), but its grand thesis is much the same: wherever you travel in the world’s folk literatures, and whenever you go there, heroes will share certain predictable patterns of characteristics; while the details of heroes “faces” may change as the investigator crosses geographical, cultural, and chronological borders, certain details of the hero’s life and challenges are everywhere the same.
Real-world activity, fuel use, and emissions of diesel side-loader refuse trucks

Abstract Diesel refuse trucks have the worst fuel economy of onroad highway vehicles. The real-world effectiveness of recently introduced emission controls during low speed and low engine load driving has not been verified for these vehicles. A portable emission measurement system (PEMS) was used to measure rates of fuel use and emissions on six side-loader refuse trucks. The objectives were to: (1) characterize activity, fuel use, and emissions; (2) evaluate variability between cycles and trucks; and (3) compare results with the MOVES emission factor model. Quality assured data cover 210,000 s and 550 miles of operation during which the trucks collected 4200 cans and 50 tons of waste material. The average fuel economy was 2.6 mpg. Trash collection contributed 70%–80% of total fuel use and emissions. The daily activity Operating Mode (OpMode) distribution and cycle average fuel use and emissions is different from previously used cycles such as Central Business District (CBD), New York Garbage Truck (NYGT), and William H. Martin (WHM). NOx emission rates for trucks with selective catalytic reduction were over 90% lower than those for trucks without. Similarly, trucks with diesel particulate filters had over 90% lower particulate matter (PM) emissions than trucks without. Compared to unloaded trucks, loaded truck averaged 18% lower fuel economy while NOx and PM emissions were higher by 65% and 16%, respectively. MOVES predicted values are highly correlated to empirical data; however, MOVES estimates are 37% lower for NOx and 300% higher for PM emission rates. The data presented here can be used to develop more representative cycles and improve emission factors for side-loader refuse trucks, which in turn can improve the accuracy of refuse truck emission inventories.
The Second Academic Revolution: The Role of the Research University in Economic Development

John Ziman graphically portrays “steady state science” with images of river and battlefield. A river with ever narrowing banks represents the constriction of funding for academic science. A battlefield, with its wounded and dying, and only limited medical resources available, calls forth the image of a triage process in which those who are judged to be savable are rescued and removed from the battlefield while the others are left to die. Indeed, Ziman has described a funding decline in the United Kingdom accompanied by the establishment of a governmental evaluation procedure for departments, the closing down of some, the continuance of others-that is, narrowing banks and triage.
Abstract W P321: Predicting Mortality in ICH: Redefining the ICH Score

Introduction: The stated 30-day mortality rate for the original ICH score is 0%, 13%, 26%, 72%, 97%, and 99% for scores of 0-5, respectively. Although the score has been externally validated and widely used, recently proposed updates to the model have failed to improve its mortality prognostication. We hypothesized that precise quantification of ICH and IVH volumes more accurately reflect the severity of the disease and enhance its prognostic value. Materials and Methods: A modified ICH score was developed to quantify ICH volume, IVH volume (with the modified Graeb score), GCS at admission, and hemorrhage location. The modified score was as follows: GCS 11-15: 0 points, 6-10: 1 point, 3-5: 2 points; ICH volume 45 cm3: 3 points; mGraeb score 0: 0 points, 1-9: 1 point, >10: 2 points; cerebellar hemorrhage: 1 point; brainstem hemorrhage: 1 point. Possible scores ranged from 0-9 and were designed to provide a more accurate stratified prognostic refl...
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Fe 3 + and Ni 3 + in KTa O 3

The electron paramagnetic resonance of ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ and ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{3+}$ in KTa${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ is reported. Both impurity ions are substitutional at the two cation sites of the host. For ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ the room-temperature $a$ values are 288\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ on ${\mathrm{Ta}}^{5+}$ site, and 30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{+3}$ on the ${\mathrm{K}}^{+1}$ site. The temperature variation of these parameters is discussed. ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{3+}$ at the ${\mathrm{Ta}}^{5+}$ is in a low-spin configuration and undergoes a Jahn-Teller axial distortion. Estimates of $10Dq$ from $g$-shift formulas and axial ground-state splitting from line broadening are given. The resonance of ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{3+}$ at the ${\mathrm{K}}^{+1}$ site indicates a negative crystal field with a $10Dq$ value of 7400 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ derived from a $g$-shift formula.
Familial bilateral osteochondritis dissecans of the femoral head: A case series

Osteochondritis dissecans is a pathologic fragmentation of a segment of subchondral bone and its overlying cartilage. Although the exact etiology is unclear, one commonly accepted theory is a focal interruption in blood supply to the periarticular bone1. Osteochondritis dissecans lesions are most commonly seen in the distal part of the femur, the distal part of the humerus, and the talus. Involvement of the femoral head is rare and typically is associated with skeletal dysplasias or Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Idiopathic osteochondritis dissecans of the femoral head is extremely rare and is typically unilateral2. We present three cases of bilateral idiopathic femoral head osteochondritis dissecans that occurred in multiple members of the same family over three generations. The pattern of transmission is presented with a pedigree diagram. The patients were informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication, and they consented. Case 1. In 1981, an eleven-year-old Hispanic male without a relevant medical or surgical history presented after eighteen months of worsening pain in the lateral part of the left hip; the pain radiated to the knee and was aggravated by running. The patient did not report antecedent trauma, fevers, chills, or earlier symptoms. He did not report morning stiffness or other joint complaints. The family history was notable in that a great-grandfather reportedly had “hip problems” but was otherwise healthy. On examination, the patient was in the seventy-fifth percentile for weight and the fortieth percentile for height. There was decreased motion of the left hip, most marked in rotation and abduction (flexion, 100°; extension, −10°; abduction, 30°; internal rotation, 0°; and external rotation, 10°). Anterior groin pain was elicited with internal and external rotation maneuvers, and lateral hip pain was reported with extremes of flexion. Laboratory results demonstrated a normal hemoglobin level (133 g/L) …
A Mechanism of Action for Antithyroid Activity of Reserpine.

Summary1) Endogenous dehydrogenase enzyme activity of the thyroid was quantitated employing the tetrazolium technic. Reserpine and thyroxin significantly lowered enzyme activity, whereas thyrotropin and thiouracil significantly raised it. Thyrotropin, either exogenous or endogenous in origin, prevented reduction of enzyme activity achieved by administration of reserpine alone. 2) The suggestion that these effects are a reflection of thyrotropin activity upon the thyroid is discussed. It is proposed that reserpine does have an antithyroid action and that this action is the result of its effect upon the elaboration or release of thyrotropin by the pituitary.
Problem and Countermeasure of Identification Work for Occupational Skill of Peculiar Work in Fire Profession

Along with the rapid and continuous development of society and economy and fire-fighting cause,there is gradually a new occupational worker group for safety services of fire-fighting in China.The new occupational group has many staff and wider distribution,which plays an important role in fire prevention.However,there are many problems in this new group,such as the special staff has lower professional accomplishment and technology quality and lacking in training and grade of professional technology,and so on.So,it is an important and pressing work to carry out identification for occupational skill of peculiar work in fire profession.In this paper,the situation of this specific work of fire profession is analyzed,and the necessity and importance of the identification work are also pointed out,and the problems and countermeasure of identification of occupational skill for the specific work of fire profession are also analyzed.
Linked Data for Libraries: a Project Update.

This poster reports on the first eighteen months of the Mellon-funded two-year Linked Data for Libraries (LD4L) project [1], a partnership of Cornell University Library, Stanford University Libraries, and the Harvard Library Innovation Lab. The goal of the project is to use Linked Open Data to leverage the intellectual value that librarians and other domain experts and scholars add to information resources when they describe, annotate, organize, select, and use those resources, together with the social value evident from patterns of usage. The project is producing an ontology, architecture, and set of tools that work both within and across individual institutions in an extensible network.
The Electromechanical Impactor: The Results of Design Modifications

The first generation clinical electromechanical impactor was a 5F device that used a 3.0F electrohydraulic probe within a coiled spring with a blunt solder end cap. Clinical trials showed that this device fragmented 70% of the calculi but failed to fragment the harder stones. Applying the principle that impact kinetic energy is most dependent on velocity (KE = 1/2 MV2), 3 major design modifications were made to improve fragmentation efficiency: 1) the spring was changed from an extension to a compression type that captured and used more of each electrical spark, 2) the tip was changed from solder to lightweight titanium and 3) the tip shape was changed from blunt to conical. The result was a 41% increase in impact kinetic energy, a 40% increase in probe longevity and successful in vitro fragmentation of the harder calculi without compromise in tissue safety as determined by membrane perforation studies.
Climate Warming-Induced Intensification of the Hydrologic Cycle: An Assessment of the Published Record and Potential Impacts on Agriculture

Abstract Climate warming is expected to intensify and accelerate the global hydrologic cycle resulting in increases in evaporation, evapotranspiration (ET), atmospheric water-vapor content, and precipitation. The strength of the hydrologic response, or sensitivity of the response for a given degree of warming, is a critical outstanding question in climatology and hydrology. In this review chapter, I examine the published record of trends in various components of the hydrologic cycle and associated variables to assess observed hydrologic responses to warming during the period of observational records. Global and regional trends in evaporation, ET, and atmospheric water-vapor content and several large river basin water-balance studies support an ongoing intensification of the hydrologic cycle. Global trends in precipitation, runoff, and soil moisture are more uncertain than the trends in the variables noted above, in part because of high spatial and temporal variability. Trends in associated variables, such as systematic changes in ocean salinity, the length of the growing season, and the rate of precipitation recycling are generally consistent with intensification of the hydrologic cycle. The evidence for an increase in the frequency, intensity, or duration of extreme-weather events like hurricanes is mixed and remains uncertain. The largest potential impacts to agricultural systems depend greatly on the responses of hydrologic variables that are the most uncertain; for example, intensity and duration of heavy rainfall events; frequency, intensity, and duration of major storms and droughts; and rates of erosion. Impacts on agriculture will depend greatly on how insects, diseases, weeds, nutrient cycling, effectiveness of agrichemicals, and heat stress are affected by an intensification of the hydrologic cycle.
Propositions, Truth and Signs

In the preceding chapters we have discussed Ducasse’s most important contributions to metaphysics and epistemology. However, there are a number of other metaphysical and epistemological topics to which Ducasse gave considerable attention. The most significant of these additional topics — propositions, truth and signs — we shall consider briefly in this chapter.1
A Full-Duplex Single-Chip Transceiver With Self-Interference Cancellation in 0.13 $\mu$ m SiGe BiCMOS for Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

This paper presents a miniaturized EPR spectrometer based on a single-chip transceiver. Utilizing a novel on-chip self-interference cancellation circuit, the electromagnetic coupling from the transmitter (TX) to the receiver (RX) is minimized, allowing simultaneous achievement of large TX output power and low RX noise figure (NF). In the measurement, the RX achieves a NF of 3.1 dB/6.3 dB at 10 MHz/50 kHz baseband frequencies, when the TX and cancellation circuits are turned off. The measured flicker noise corner is 60 kHz, more than $10\times $ lower than the prior work. Moreover, for the first time, the operation of the RX and cancellation circuit is demonstrated when a co-integrated TX is operating at the same time and frequency, while producing >20 dBm output power. When the TX and cancellation circuits are turned on, at −10 dBm interference power, the measured NF is 6.8 dB/11.1 dB at 10 MHz/50 kHz baseband frequencies. This is lower by 5.6 dB/9.6 dB at 10 MHz/50 kHz baseband frequencies, compared to the NF with the cancellation circuit off at the same interference power. The transceiver chip is implemented in IBM $0.13~\mu \text {m}$ BiCMOS process and consumes a power of 2 W. Utilizing this transceiver, an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer is built and tested. It is observed, through measurement, that the interference cancellation circuit increases the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the EPR signal by 7 dB at −10 dBm interference power. Compared to prior work, the reported EPR spectrometer improves the sensitivity of the system by 25 dB.
Macroscopic and tunable nanoparticle superlattices

We describe a robust method to assemble nanoparticles into highly ordered superlattices by inducing aqueous phase separation of neutral capping polymers. Here we demonstrate the approach with thiolated polyethylene-glycol-functionalized gold nanoparticles (PEG-AuNPs) in the presence of salts (for example, K2CO3) in solutions that spontaneously migrate to the liquid–vapor interface to form a Gibbs monolayer. We show that by increasing salt concentration, PEG-AuNP monolayers transform from two-dimensional (2D) gas-like to liquid-like phase and eventually, beyond a threshold concentration, to a highly ordered hexagonal structure, as characterized by surface sensitive synchrotron X-ray reflectivity and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the method allows control of the inplane packing in the crystalline phase by varying the K2CO3 and PEG-AuNPs concentrations and the length of PEG. Using polymer-brush theory, we argue that the assembly and crystallization is driven by the need to reduce surface tension between PEG and the salt solution. Our approach of taking advantage of the phase separation of PEG in salt solutions is general (i.e., can be used with any nanoparticles) leads to high-quality macroscopic and tunable crystals. Finally, we discuss how the method can also be applied to the design of orderly 3D structures.
Is the average shortest path length of gene set a reflection of their biological relatedness

When a set of genes are identified to be related to a disease, say through gene expression analysis, it is common to examine the average distance among their protein products in the human interactome as a measure of biological relatedness of these genes. The reasoning for this is that, genes associated with a disease would tend to be functionally related, and that functionally related genes would be closely connected to each other in the interactome. Typically, average shortest path length (ASPL) of disease genes (although referred to as genes in the context of disease-associations, the interactions are among protein-products of these genes) is compared to ASPL of randomly selected genes or to ASPL in a randomly permuted network. We examined whether the ASPL of a set of genes is indeed a good measure of biological relatedness or whether it is simply a characteristic of the degree distribution of those genes. We examined the ASPL of genes sets of some disease and pathway associations and compared them to ASPL of three types of randomly selected control sets: uniform selection, from entire proteome, degree-matched selection, and random permutation of the network. We found that disease associated genes and their degree-matched random genes have comparable ASPL. In other words, ASPL is a characteristic of the degree of the genes and the network topology, and not that of functional coherence.
Evaluating expected and comparing with observed risks on a large-scale solar photovoltaic construction project: A case for reducing the regulatory burden

Abstract The overwhelming benefits of building solar power plants instead of fossil fuel powered sites for new generation capacity outweigh the less significant risks, some of which are identified in this study on the construction stage of a utility-scale solar energy (USSE) project. This project confirmed and clarified the nature of environmental and community risks to be expected on Australian construction sites. Expected risks from desk top studies and related planning requirements captured the majority of those risks actually experienced in the field during the construction phase. The large number of approval conditions (set by the relevant regulatory authorities; state and local) for the construction stage of the project, are arguably excessive compared with the risk profile of the project, and the overall positive benefits to the environment, economy and local community. The environmental and community risks of greatest concern (including dust control, optimising vegetation growth under the panels, waste management, a lack of common understanding of expectations for local job opportunities), while planned and eventually managed, could have been more efficiently addressed by further upfront investigations, and questioning and enhancing the governance processes by the engineering procurement construction (EPC) entity (or constructor). For example, managing the end-of-life packaging materials (EOLPMs) was a specific unexpected risk on the project during the construction stage, which can be overcome on future remote location projects by enhancing the design and execution of project-level contracts and securing partners such as resource recovery companies or other end users (of EOLPMs) at the earlier, planning stage. Recommendations for regulators include to reduce approval constraints on new low-emissions electricity developments, particularly at the state and local government level. These should be considerably less onerous than building new fossil fuel electricity generation infrastructure. A sharper focus on regulatory red tape reduction will enhance USSE project adoption.
UV-Induced B-Cell Lymphomas in p53 Heterozygous Mice.

Abstract The association between ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and skin cancer induction is well known. Recently, UV exposure was associated with the induction of internal lymphoid malignancies in UV-irradiated p53 heterozygous mice. Here we characterize the non-skin cancer that develops in the lymphoid organs of UV-irradiated mice and found that UV exposure promotes the induction of a B-cell lymphoma. p53 heterozygous mice were exposed to UVB irradiation (10KJ/m2; three times a week) supplied by a bank of FS40 sunlamps. After thirty weeks, we collected spleen cells from 5 irradiated mice, prepared single suspensions, pooled the cells and injected 2X106 cells/flank (subcutaneous injection) into Rag2−/−mice. The subcutaneous tumors that developed in the Rag2−/−mice were successfully transplanted into other Rag2−/−mice and adapted to grow in vitro. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that enlarged cells were positive for CD19, B220, IgM, CD24, CD40, B7-1, B7-2, but negative for CD43, BP-1, CD127, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD49b, NK1.1, Thy1.2, Gr-1. This phenotype is compatible with a mature B cell but also express CD5, CD11b, CD117. Immunohistchemical analysis confirmed that the tumor cells were of B-cell origin and southern blot analysis demonstrated rearrangement of Immunoglobulin heavy chain. Chromosomal analysis revealed a translocations, t (14;19). Subcutaneous injection of the tumor cells into Rag2−/− mice resulted in an aggressive tumor that infiltrated into the lymph nodes, the spleen and the bone marrow. After establishing the cell line from this B-cell lymphoma, we transfected GFP by using lentiviral vector to mark and injected into Rag2−/− mice. First, the cells bearing GFP infiltrated into the lymph nodes, and then into the spleen and the bone marrow. We also found that this cell line produced IL-10, which can promote lymphoma growth and can cause systemic immunosuppression (Masood et al., 1995 Blood 85:3423–30; Rivas et al., 1994 J Leukoc Biol. 59:769–75). The B-cell lymphoma, which grew progressively in immune compromised Rag2−/−mice, was rejected when injected into wild type mice and syngeneic UV-irradiated C57Bl/6 mice. This data indicates that UV induced B-cell lymphoma in p53 heterozygous mice does not express UV common antigen found on UV-induced skin cancer because UV irradiated mice are unable to reject UV induced tumor cells bearing this antigen as previously reported (Kripke et al., 1974 J.Natl Cancer Inst. 53:1333–6). Since sunlight exposure has been associated with the development of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in humans, tumor development in UV-irradiated p53 heterozygous mice may provide a useful animal model for lymphoma development in humans.
Integrated Asynchronous Ultrawideband Impulse Radio With Intrinsic Clock and Data Recovery

This letter reports an integrated ultrawideband impulse radio design. The proposed radio applies a combination of frequency-shift keying and ON–OFF keying to realize intrinsic clock and data recovery as well as asynchronous wireless communication. The transmitter uses frequency-hopping and duty-cycling methods to achieve ultrawide bandwidth. Both of the transmitter and the receiver are fabricated on IBM 0.18- $\mu \text{m}$ CMOS process. The chip core area is 0.031 mm2 for the transmitter and 0.017 mm2 for the receiver. The measured power consumption is 2.89mW for the transmitter and 5.4mW for the receiver at the data rate of 3Mb/s. The sensitivity at $1.3\times 10^{-3}$ bit error rate, 2.5Mb/s, and 10.42-ns pulsewidth is −60dBm.
Lethal hepatotoxicity following 5-fluorouracil/cisplatin chemotherapy: a relevant case report

Some articles have reported severe toxicities induced by cisplatin/5-fluorouracil regimens, nevertheless, severe and lethal liver toxicity has not been previously reported. In this article, we report the case of a 72-year-old woman, who developed fulminant hepatitis, hypoglycemia and hypotension with atrial fibrillation not responding to treatment. After ruling out all other possible causes of hepatitis, the toxicity was more likely attributed to 5-fluorouracil. Genotyping was performed and the patient was found to be a homozygote carrier of the T variant of the MTHFR gene. The patient died two days later. Several factors, including genetic factors, could explain this severe toxicity. The present case discusses the importance of personalized medicine in oncology based on pharmacogenetic analysis of polymorphisms.
Impact of Caffeine Boluses and Caffeine Discontinuation on Apnea and Hypoxemia in Preterm Infants

Background: Apnea of prematurity often occurs during and following caffeine therapy. We hypothesized that number of apnea events would be impacted by adjustments in caffeine therapy. Materials and Methods: An automated algorithm was used in all infants ≤32 weeks gestation admitted to a level IV Neonatal Intensive Care Unit from 2009 to 2014 to analyze chest impedance, electrocardiogram, and oxygen saturation data around the time of serum caffeine levels, caffeine boluses while on maintenance therapy, and caffeine discontinuation. Episodes of central apnea/bradycardia/desaturation (ABDs), and percent time with SpO2 5 days after, p < 0.01). This increase in ABDs occurred irrespective of gestational age, respiratory support, or postmenstrual age at the time caffeine was stopped. Conclusions: In this retrospective analysis, caffeine boluses and caffeine discontinuation were associated with a small change in the number of ABD events in preterm infants.
Map Algebra as a Spatial Language

Map Algebra is a language dealing with the analysis and synthesis of spatial information. This language has been developed to realize a land planning methodology commonly known as ‘cartographic modelling’. At the heart of cartographic modelling is the idea of decomposing data sets, data-processing capabilities, and data-processing control specifications into elementary components that can then be recombined with ease and flexibility. The language differs significantly from other geometric languages which focus mostly on the organization of spatial data; but Map Algebra makes no pretense that it is not methodologically bounded.
Changes in Littoral Processes due to Construction of Nearshore Structures

A method is proposed to verify the change in coastline form due to the construction of nearshore structures. The method involves the calculation of wave diffraction, refraction, leeward of the structure and is based on the condition that the gradient of the driving forces for the littoral currents must be zero.
Radical Digital Media Literacy in a Post-Truth Anti-Trump Era

I have engaged in a series of linked pedagogical experiments—one woman’s pedagogic resistance, aligned with many others through making poetry together, by way of digital media literacy—over the duration of the Trump administration. These have been acts of engaged, enraged intellectual citizenship in three parts: 1. an online digital media primer about fakenews, #100hardtruths-#fakenews , produced over the first 100 days of the administration; 2. nine Fake News Poetry Workshops held over the spring semester of 2018, these making use of that online primer and co-facilitated by poets in different locations and communities, and 3. an action plan to further mobilize the primer, poems, and workshops to a scale larger than my own personal pedagogy, still in process. These experiments are first and foremost acts of civic engagement qua pedagogy, art-making, and community-building. They are organized to create and make use of responsive formats, processes, and places to better express our keen knowledge, concern, and curiosity about inter-related phenomena given the current crisis of fake news: self, community, and the world, the fake and real, our own power and that of (social) media.
Prospective, longitudinal comparison of neurocognitive change in pediatric brain tumor patients treated with proton radiotherapy versus surgery only.

Background Proton radiotherapy (PRT) reduces the volume of normal tissue receiving radiation dose, which may lead to better neurocognitive outcomes. We examined change in neurocognitive scores over time in pediatric brain tumor patients treated with proton craniospinal irradiation (CSI), proton focal RT, or surgery only. Methods Patients received annual neurocognitive evaluations for up to 6 years. We examined Full Scale IQ (FSIQ), Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI), Working Memory Index (WMI), and Processing Speed Index (PSI) scores. General linear mixed models examined change in scores over time by treatment group, adjusting for significant covariates. Results Scores from 93 patients treated between 2012 and 2017 (22 proton CSI, 31 proton focal, and 40 surgery only) were examined. Treatment groups were similar on gender (51.6% male), age at treatment (median = 9.7 y), and length of follow-up (median = 2.9 y). The surgery only group had proportionately more gliomas (P 0.05). In the proton CSI group, WMI, PSI, and FSIQ scores declined significantly (P = 0.036, 0.004, and 0.017, respectively), while VCI and PRI scores were stable (all P > 0.05). Conclusions Focal PRT was associated with stable neurocognitive functioning into survivorship. Outcomes were similar whether patients received focal PRT or no radiotherapy, even in neurocognitive domains known to be particularly radiosensitive. Proton CSI emerged as a neurocognitive risk factor, consistent with photon outcomes research.
Flow Adaptive Video Object Segmentation

Abstract We tackle the task of semi-supervised video object segmentation, i.e. pixel-level object classification of the images in video sequences using very limited ground truth training data of its corresponding video. We present FLow Adaptive Video Object Segmentation, an efficient pipeline based on a novel online adaptation algorithm that utilizes optical flow, capable of tracking objects effectively throughout videos. Comparing with most of the recent deep learning based approaches that trade efficiency for accuracy, we provide extensive complexity analysis and additionally demonstrate that FLAVOS is natural for real world applications by introducing an interactive pipeline that enables the user to provide feedback for online training. Our method achieves state-of-the-art accuracy on three challenging benchmark datasets and nearly ground-truth level segmentation results with interactive user feedback.
Noncompetitive inhibition by substituted sulfonamides of dihydroorotase from Zymobacterium oroticum.

Abstract Dihydroorotase from Zymobacterium oroticum ss noncompetitively inhibited with respect to L-USA by a series of substituted sulfonamides which have the general structure, R1-SO2-NHR2. Values of Ki, determined from double reciprocal plots of 1/initial velocity versus 1/ [L-ureidosuccinate] are approximately 0.10 to 1.0 mM for the various sulfonamides tested. These data are compared to similar data for carbonic anhydrase which also requires either Zn++ or Co++ for catalytic activity.
The Molecular Biology of Erythropoietin

The human erythropoietin (Epo) consists of 166 amino acids with a calculated Mr of 18,490. The monkey gene exhibits 92% and 94% homology to the human gene at the amino acid and nucleotide levels, respectively. Studies with Epo analogs reveal that amino acid −2 in human Epo may determine the specificity of the site of signal peptide processing. The Cys29-Cys33 disulphide bridge is essential for Epo function. Mouse erythroblasts contain approximately 43 Epo receptors per cell with a Kd of 90 pM. The receptor molecule consists of 2 chains, 129 Kd and 66 Kd. The Epo gene has been localized to the human chromosome 7q11–q22 region. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the Epo gene locus by HindIII and HinfI are observed and they are inherited in a Mendelian manner. The Epo gene linkage map is presented.
Accurate preoperative prediction of unplanned 30-day postoperative readmission using 8 predictor variables.

Abstract Background Unplanned postoperative readmissions are associated with high costs, may indicate poor care quality, and present a substantial opportunity for healthcare quality improvement. Patients want to know their risk of unplanned readmission, and surgeons need to know the risk to adequately counsel their patients. The Surgical Risk Preoperative Assessment System tool was developed from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program dataset and is a parsimonious model using 8 predictor variables. Surgical Risk Preoperative Assessment System is applicable to >3,000 operations in 9 surgical specialties, predicts 30-day postoperative mortality and morbidity, and is incorporated into our electronic health record. Methods A Surgical Risk Preoperative Assessment System model was developed using logistic regression. It was compared to the 28 nonlaboratory variables model from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program 2012 to 2017 dataset using the c-index as a measure of discrimination, the Hosmer-Lemeshow observed-to-expected plots testing calibration, and the Brier score, a combined metric of discrimination and calibration. Results Of 4,861,370 patients, 188,150 (3.98%) experienced unplanned readmission related to the index operation. The Surgical Risk Preoperative Assessment System model’s c-index, 0.728, was 99.3% of that of the full model’s, 0.733; the Hosmer-Lemeshow plots indicated good calibration; and the Brier score was 0.0372 for Surgical Risk Preoperative Assessment System and 0.0371 for the full model. Conclusion The 8 variable Surgical Risk Preoperative Assessment System model detects patients at risk for postoperative unplanned, related readmission as accurately as the full model developed from all 28 nonlaboratory preoperative variables in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program dataset. Therefore, unplanned readmission can be integrated into the existing Surgical Risk Preoperative Assessment System tool providing moderately accurate prediction of postoperative readmission.
Adolescent Welfare Mothers: Lost Optimism and Lowered Expectations.

Little attention has been paid to the effects of lowered expectations and resignation on adolescent welfare mothers. This study discusses these mothers’ views on career, education, motherhood, and ...
Metabolome and microbiome signatures in the roots of citrus affected by Huanglongbing.

Huanglongbing (HLB) is a severe, incurable citrus disease caused by the bacterium 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (CLas). Although citrus leaves serve as the site of initial infection, CLas is known to migrate to and colonize the root system; however, little is known about the impact of CLas infection on root metabolism and resident microbial communities. Scions of 'Lisbon' lemon and 'Washington Navel' orange grafted onto 'Carrizo' rootstock were grafted with either CLas-infected citrus budwood or uninfected budwood. Roots were obtained from trees 46 weeks after grafting and analyzed via 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify water-soluble root metabolites and high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and ITS gene amplicons to determine the relative abundance of bacterial and fungal taxa in the root rhizosphere and endosphere. In both citrus varieties, 27 metabolites were identified, of which several were significantly different between CLas(+) and control plants. CLas infection also appeared to alter the microbial community structure near and inside the roots of citrus plants. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed distinct metabolite and microbial profiles, demonstrating that CLas impacts the root metabolome and microbiome in a manner that is variety-specific.
East Asian perspectives on silence in English language education: by Jim King and Seiko Harumi, Bristol, Multilingual Matters, 2020, v+ 200 pp., £29.95 (paperback), ISBN: 978-1-7889-2675-1

Many of us recall being taught during our teacher training programmes that silence was something we would encounter in classrooms, particularly when working with East Asian students. It would be ou...
Leveraging video data from a digital smartphone autism therapy to train an emotion detection classifier

ABSTRACT Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting one in 40 children in the United States and is associated with impaired social interactions, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. Previous studies have demonstrated the promise of applying mobile systems with real-time emotion recognition to autism therapy, but existing platforms have shown limited performance on videos of children with ASD. We propose the development of a new emotion classifier designed specifically for pediatric populations, trained with images crowdsourced from an educational mobile charades-style game: Guess What?. We crowdsourced the acquisition of videos of children portraying emotions during remote game sessions of Guess What? that yielded 6,344 frames from fifteen subjects. Two raters manually labeled the frames with four of the Ekman universal emotions (happy, scared, angry, sad), a “neutral” class, and “n/a” for frames with an indeterminable label. The data were pre-processed, and a model was trained with a transfer-learning and neural-architecture-search approach using the Google Cloud AutoML Vision API. The resulting classifier was evaluated against existing approaches (Microsoft’s Azure Face API and Amazon Web Service’s Rekognition) using the standard metrics of F1 score. The resulting classifier demonstrated superior performance across all evaluated emotions, supporting our hypothesis that a model trained with a pediatric dataset would outperform existing emotion-recognition approaches for the population of interest. These results suggest a new strategy to develop precision therapy for autism at home by integrating the model trained with a personalized dataset to the mobile game.
STUDY OF WELL PRESSURE AND DYNAMİCS OF OİL PRODUCTİON GROWTH İN PULSATİNG CASES OF İNİTİAL PRESSURE VALUES

Pulsations are generated by the generator at the values of the initial pressure applied to the well. Depending on these pulsations, the well pressure and the resulting oil production also change. In this issue, changes in well pressure and oil production are studied.
Techniques, Concepts and Examples

In this chapter we look at a number of examples of dynamical systems (systems of DEs) in detail and use this as an opportunity to introduce many concepts, such as gradient vector fields, stable/unstable fixed points, separatrices, limit cycles, transformations of DEs, and conservation laws, which will be studied more formally later. Our goal is to give the reader some experience with looking at, working with, studying, and analyzing some typical examples of systems that can occur. The computer exercises here, in the previous chapter, and on the electronic component are intended to aid the student in obtaining this experience and to help establish an intuitive feel for the concepts well before we study the underlying theory for these concepts. Waiting until after the development of the theory to begin computer analyses of dynamical systems is too long to wait.