cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of imperfections on fused silica shell resonators

Axisymmetric shell resonators have been attractive candidates for high performance MEMS vibratory gyroscopes because of their high quality factor, low sensitivity to environmental vibrations and electrostatic tuning capability. Fused silica shell resonators made by blow torch molding with high quality factor could perform as high performance MEMS gyroscopes. Despite such advantageous features, the performance of these shell resonators is limited by geometric imperfections that occur during fabrication. This paper investigates effect of geometric asymmetries such as height and radius imperfections, notch, and mass imbalance in the rim of gyroscopes on the split in natural frequencies of the n=2 wineglass modes. Numerical simulation shows that perfect fused silica shell has 13929 Hz natural resonance frequencies without any frequency split. Analysis of imperfect shell reveals that frequency split is very sensitive to edge geometric imperfection and mass imbalance in the rim. On the other hand, Δf is not very sensitive to the notch in the rim of shell and height imperfection less than 40μm.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Characterizing phonetic transformations and fine-grained acoustic differences across dialects

This thesis is motivated by the gaps between speech science and technology in analyzing dialects. In speech science, investigating phonetic rules is usually manually laborious and time consuming, limiting the amount of data analyzed. Without sufficient data, the analysis could potentially overlook or over-specify certain phonetic rules. On the other hand, in speech technology such as automatic dialect recognition, phonetic rules are rarely modeled explicitly. While many applications do not require such knowledge to obtain good performance, it is beneficial to specifically model pronunciation patterns in certain applications. For example, users of language learning software can benefit from explicit and intuitive feedback from the computer to alter their pronunciation; in forensic phonetics, it is important that results of automated systems are justifiable on phonetic grounds. In this work, we propose a mathematical framework to analyze dialects in terms of (1) phonetic transformations and (2) acoustic differences. The proposed Phonetic-based Pronunciation Model (PPM) uses a hidden Markov model to characterize when and how often substitutions, insertions, and deletions occur. In particular, clustering methods are compared to better model deletion transformations. In addition, an acoustic counterpart of PPM, Acoustic-based Pronunciation Model (APM), is proposed to characterize and locate fine-grained acoustic differences such as formant transitions and nasalization across dialects. We used three data sets to empirically compare the proposed models in Arabic and English dialects. Results in automatic dialect recognition demonstrate that the proposed models complement standard baseline systems. Results in pronunciation generation and rule retrieval experiments indicate that the proposed models learn underlying phonetic rules across dialects. Our proposed system postulates pronunciation rules to a phonetician who interprets and refines them to discover new rules or quantify known rules. This can be done on large corpora to develop rules of greater statistical significance than has previously been possible. Potential applications of this work include speaker characterization and recognition, automatic dialect recognition, automatic speech recognition and synthesis, forensic phonetics, language learning or accent training education, and assistive diagnosis tools for speech and voice disorders. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Lion hunting & other mathematical pursuits

1. Lion hunting 2. Infinite series 3. Recollections and verse I 4. The mean value theorem 5. Recollections and verse II 6. Indeterminate forms 7. Recollections and verse III 8. Complex variables 9. Recollections and verse IV 10. Inverse functions 11. Recollections and verse V 12. Bourbaki 13. The teaching of mathematics 14. Polynomials 15. Polynomials 16. Literature and mathematics 17. Reviews and miscellaneous articles.
Prompt γ -ray production in neutron-induced fission of 239 Pu

Background: The prompt gamma-ray spectrum from fission is important for understanding the physics of nuclear fission, and also in applications involving fission. Relatively few measurements of the prompt gamma spectrum from ${}^{239}$Pu($n,f$) have been published.Purpose: This experiment measured the multiplicity, individual gamma energy spectrum, and total gamma energy spectrum of prompt fission gamma rays from ${}^{239}$Pu($n,f$) in the neutron energy range from thermal to 30 keV, to test models of fission and to provide information for applications.Method: Gamma rays from neutron-induced fission of ${}^{239}$Pu were measured using the DANCE gamma-ray calorimeter. Fission events were tagged by detecting fission products in a parallel-plate avalanche counter in the center of DANCE. The measurements were corrected for detector response using a geant4 model of DANCE. A detailed analysis for the gamma rays from the 1${}^{+}$ resonance complex at 10.93 eV is presented.Results: A six-parameter analytical parametrization of the fission gamma-ray spectrum was obtained. A Monte Carlo Hauser-Feshbach calculation provided good general agreement with the data, but some differences remain to be resolved.Conclusions: An analytic parametrization can be made of the gamma-ray multiplicity, energy distribution, and total-energy distribution for the prompt gamma rays following neutron-induced fission of ${}^{239}$Pu. This parametrization may be useful for applications. Modern Monte Carlo Hauser-Feshbach calculations can do a good job of calculating the fission gamma-ray emission spectrum, although some details remain to be understood.
Deformation and failure of Zr57Nb5Al10Cu15.4Ni12.6/W particle composites under quasi-static and dynamic compression

We have investigated the mechanical behavior of a composite material consisting of a Zr57Nb5Al10Cu15.4Ni12.6 metallic glass matrix with 60 vol pct tungsten particles under uniaxial compression over a range of strain rates from 10−4 to 104 s−1. In contrast to the behavior of single-phase metallic glasses, the failure strength of the composite increases with increasing strain rate. The composite shows substantially greater plastic deformation than the unreinforced glass under both quasi-static and dynamic loading. Under quasi-static loading, the composite specimens do not fail even at nominal plastic strains in excess of 30 pct. Under dynamic loading, fracture of the composite specimens is induced by shear bands at plastic strains of approximately 20 to 30 pct. We observed evidence of shear localization in the composite on two distinct length scales. Multiple shear bands with thicknesses less than 1 µm form under both quasi-static and dynamic loading. The large plastic deformation developed in the composite specimens is due to the ability of the tungsten particles both to initiate these shear bands and to restrict their propagation. In addition, the dynamic specimens also show shear bands with thicknesses on the order of 50 µm; the tungsten particles inside these shear bands are extensively deformed. We propose that thermal softening of the tungsten particles results in a lowered constraint for shear band development, leading to earlier failure under dynamic loading.
Determination of trace polychlorophenols in water using HS/SPME-GC/ECD

Objective To establish a method for determination of trace 2,4,6- trichlorophenol,2,3,4,6- tetrachlorophenol and pentachlorophenol in water samples by gas chromatography with headspace solid- phase microextraction( HS / SPME).Methods The samples were acidified with hydrochloric acid and saturated with sodium chloride to maintain an agitating equilibrium at 60 ℃ for 10min,then extracted for 10 min using a 85 μm polyacrylate coated fiber and desorbed at 280℃ for3. 0 min,and finally detected with GC / ECD. Results The linear ranges of the method for the three polychlorophenols were from 0. 05 μg / L to 10 μg / L with the correlation coefficients( r) above 0. 999. The average recoveries were in the range of89. 7% ~ 111. 3% and the relative standard deviations were less than 6. 8% with the detection limits less than 0. 002 μg / L.Conclusion The method is rapid,sensitive,solvent- free and it is suitable for determination of trace polychlorophenols in water samples.
Heart Murmur: Prosodic Mimesis in Melvin Dixon's HEARTBEATS

“Heartbeats” by Melvin Dixon is a poetic exegesis on the author's struggle living with AIDS during a time when the disease carried a heavy stigma due to racial, sexual, and ableist prejudices. The ...
Binding Sites for Cationic Proteins on Staphylococci

Summary ‘Protoplasts’ of Staphylococcus aureus where prepared ivith lysostaphin from staphylococci which had been incubated previously with the cationic protein calf thymus histone F2A. Such ‘protoplasts’, follotving treatment with a cationic osmium co-ordination compound, exhibited marked electron-transluceticy of the surface (wall-membrane) region. This phenomenon was not observed in protoplasts obtained from staphylococci which had not been previously incubated with calf thymus histone, nor in ‘protoplasts’ prepared from histone-incubated bacteria following treatment with an anionic osmium co-ordination compound. These results suggest that the bacterial surface (wall-membrane region) is a major binding site for cationic proteins. Examination of whole staphylococci previously incubated with calf thymus histone revealed densely stained regions on the bacterial membrane, indicating possibly the presence of substantial binding sites for cationic proteins.
Minimally manipulative extraction of polycystic cervical neurocysticercosis

Intradural, extramedullary cervical spinal involvement is an uncommon manifestation of neurocysticercosis. A case of a middle-aged man with neurocysticercosis in the intradural extramedullary cervical spine and brain who originally presented with bilateral paresthesias of his extremities, with a progressively unsteady gait. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed cystic enhancing lesions in the brain and cervical region of the spine, with the largest cyst extending from the posterior fossa through C2, causing spinal cord compression. The patient underwent surgical resection of the intradural extramedullary cervical spinal lesions, and he has continued to improve clinically, with no recurrence of cystic lesions. When examining patients with clinical signs of a spinal mass lesion, the differential diagnosis should include neurocysticercosis of the spine.
The Effects of Videotaping and Attendance Incentives to Enhance Performance in a High-Enrollment Oceanography Course

Disappointing student performance in high-enrollment lecture-section undergraduate courses is often attributed to poor attendance. In an attempt to increase attendance and improve performance, incentives were offered for good attendance, and videotapes of all lectures were made available. Although well received by students, there was no evidence that either strategy affected student achievement. University grade-point average was a significant predictor of performance in the course. In the trial semester, gender differences in course averages were noted; however, that pattern was not evident in other semesters. An unexpected positive finding was the use made of the videotapes by students with learning disabilities.
Biomimetic Adhesives and Coatings Based on Mussel Adhesive Proteins

Nature provides many outstanding examples of adhesive strategies from which chemists and material scientists can draw inspiration in their pursuit of new adhesive materials. Mussels secrete adhesive proteins, which enable these organisms to bind tightly to various surfaces under water. One of the key structure component of mussel adhesive protein (MAP) is the presence of a catecholic amino acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), which plays an important role in the curing and interfacial binding of MAP. The catechol side chain is capable of undergoing various reversible and irreversible interactions with both organic and inorganic substrates. Modification of inert polymer systems with DOPA and other catechol derivatives have imparted these materials with water-resistant adhesive properties and the ability to cure rapidly. This chapter focuses on the various strategies used in developing biomimetic adhesives and coatings, as well as recent developments of self-healing and smart materials that employ MAP chemistry.
Implementation of a Quality Improvement Initiative: Improved Congenital Muscular Torticollis Outcomes in a Large Hospital Setting.

Background The American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) published a guideline for congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) in 2013. Our division adopted the guideline as the institutional practice standard and engaged in a quality improvement (QI) initiative to increase the percentage of patients who achieved resolution of CMT within 6 months of evaluation. Objective The aims of this report are to describe the QI activities conducted to improve patient outcomes and discuss the results and implications for other institutions and patient populations. Design This was a quality improvement study. Methods In alignment with the Chronic Care Model and Model of Improvement, an aim and operationally defined key outcome and process measures were established. Interventions were tested using Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles. A CMT registry was established to store and manage data extracted from the electronic record over the course of testing. Statistical process control charts were used to monitor progress over time. Results The QI initiative resulted in an increase in the percentage of patients who achieved full resolution of CMT within a 6-month episode of care from 42% to 61% over an 18-month period. Themes that emerged as key drivers of improvement included: (1) timely, optimal access to care, (2) effective audit and clinician feedback, and (3) accurate, timely documentation. Limitations The initiative took place at a single institution with a supportive culture and strong QI resources, which may limit direct translation of interventions and findings to other institutions and patient populations. Conclusions Improvement science methodologies provided the tools and structure to improve division-wide workflow and increase consistency in the implementation of the APTA CMT guideline. In doing so, significant CMT population outcome improvements were achieved.
Chronic Caloric Restriction in Old Female Mice: Changes in the Circadian Rhythms of Physiological and Behavioral Variables

One of the most frequently reported observations in the gerontological literature is the significant increase in life span (Sacher 1977; McCay et al. 1935) and the prevention or delayed onset of various types of chronic diseases (Walford et al. 1974; Maeda et al. 1985) associated with chronic caloric restriction (CR). CR has also been shown to be effective in inhibiting various types of spontaneous tumors (Sarkar et al. 1985) and chemically induced lesions (Ruggeri et al. 1987; Kritchevsky et al. 1984) in rats and mice. However, little is known about the primary mechanisms by which CR interacts with environmental factors to alter the timing of the biological clock. One hypothesis that may account for the slowing down of age-related physiological and disease processes is that the synchronization of organisms to their surroundings is controlled or modified by qualitative or quantitative changes in nutritional parameters and that changes in 24-h (circadian) rhythms that are a direct result of CR may ultimately alter primary mechanisms of aging. Several studies in which total calories were restricted to 76% of ad libitum (AL) by limiting access to food to a few hours daily (single meal feeding) (Nelson et al. 1975; Philippens et al. 1977) or when intake was decreased by reducing the total weight of the food pellets fed to the caloric restricted group to 60% of the AL level (Duffy et al. 1989a; McCarter et al. 1985) have reported significant alterations in the circadian rhythms of various physiological and biochemical parameters. However, in other studies, no significant difference in longevity was found in CR mice fed a single meal during the early light phase, a single meal during the dark phase, or fed multiple meals (six times) during the dark phase (Nelson and Halberg 1986a). While CR in itself was found to prolong life, the added imposition of frequent photoperiod schedule shifting had no statistically significant effect on mean survival time, regardless of whether the meal schedule reinforced or opposed shifts in the photoperiod (Nelson and Halberg 1986b). This may mean that varying the dietary regimen may have no effect on longevity if the total amount of food consumed is maintained at a constant restricted calorie level.
Molecular prognostic markers in pancreatic cancer.

Background Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive human tumors and is virtually incurable. Its incidence in the United States has tripled in the past 50 years. The tumor is a frequent cause of cancer death in both men and women. The current treatment options are inadequate and probably reflect the fact that the etiologic factors and the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer are unknown. Methods The author reviewed recent studies describing some of the molecular alterations that may play a role in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Results Most pancreatic tumors arise in the ductal epithelium. Cytogenetic abnormalities and alterations in proliferation, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, cell receptors, and growth factors are described. Conclusions Preliminary studies have implicated, among others, the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, Src, and Stat3 proteins in human pancreatic carcinogenesis. These molecules may represent important predictors of tumor behavior and targets of novel therapeutic modalities in human pancreatic cancer.
Review: Genetics and the Classification of Arthritis in Adults and Children

Current classification of primary inflammatory arthritis begins from the assumption that adults and children are different. No form of juvenile idiopathic arthritis bears the same name as an adult arthritis, a nomenclature gap with implications for both clinical care and research. Recent genetic data have raised questions regarding this adult/pediatric divide, revealing instead broad patterns that span the age spectrum. Combining these genetic patterns with demographic and clinical data, we propose that inflammatory arthritis can be segregated into 4 main clusters, largely irrespective of pediatric or adult onset: seropositive, seronegative (likely including a distinct group that usually begins in early childhood), spondyloarthritis, and systemic. Each of these broad clusters is internally heterogeneous, highlighting the need for further study to resolve etiologically discrete entities. Eliminating divisions based on arbitrary age cutoffs will enhance opportunities for collaboration between adult and pediatric rheumatologists, thereby helping to promote the understanding and treatment of arthritis.
The influence of mesoscopic confinement on the dynamics of imidazolium-based room temperature ionic liquids in polyether sulfone membranes

The structural dynamics of a series of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (CnmimNTf2, n = 2, 4, 6, 10: ethyl—Emim; butyl—Bmim; hexyl—Hmim; decyl—Dmim) room temperature ionic liquids confined in the pores of polyether sulfone (PES 200) membranes with an average pore size of ∼350 nm and in the bulk liquids were studied. Time correlated single photon counting measurements of the fluorescence of the fluorophore coumarin 153 (C153) were used to observe the time-dependent Stokes shift (solvation dynamics). The solvation dynamics of C153 in the ionic liquids are multiexponential decays. The multiexponential functional form of the decays was confirmed as the slowest decay component of each bulk liquid matches the slowest component of the liquid dynamics measured by optical heterodyne-detected optical Kerr effect (OHD-OKE) experiments, which is single exponential. The fact that the slowest component of the Stokes shift matches the OHD-OKE data in all four liquids identifies this componen...
An electronic handoff tool to facilitate transfer of care from anesthesia to nursing in intensive care units

Checklists are commonly used to structure the communication process between anesthesia nursing healthcare providers during the transfer of care, or handoff, of a patient after surgery. However, intraoperative information is often recalled from memory leading to omission of critical data or incomplete information exchange during the patient handoff. We describe the implementation of an electronic anesthesia information transfer tool (T2) for use in the handover of intubated patients to the intensive care unit. A pilot observational study auditing handovers against a pre-existing checklist was performed to evaluate information reporting and attendee participation. There was a modest improvement in information reporting on part of the anesthesia provider, as well as team discussions regarding the current hemodynamic status of the patient. While T2 was well-received, further evaluation of the tool in different handover settings can clarify its potential for decreasing adverse communication-related events.
Standardised cigarette packaging may reduce the implied safety of Natural American Spirit cigarettes

BACKGROUND:Over two-thirds of Natural American Spirit (NAS) smokers believe their cigarettes might be 'less harmful', but toxicological evidence does not support this belief. We assessed whether standardised packaging could reduce the possibility of erroneous inferences of 'safety' drawn from NAS cigarette packaging. METHODS:US adult smokers (n=909) were recruited to a between-subject survey experiment (3 brands×3 packaging/labelling styles) through Amazon Mechanical Turk and rated their perception of whether a randomly assigned cigarette package conveyed that the brand was 'safer' on a three-item scale (Cronbach's α=0.92). We assessed whether NAS packs were rated higher on the 'implied safety' scale than two other brands and estimated the effect that plain packaging (ie, all branding replaced with a drab dark brown colour) and Australian-like packaging (ie, all branding replaced with a drab dark brown colour and a graphic image and text on 75% of the pack surface) had on perceptions of the NAS cigarette package. RESULTS:Smokers' ratings of the standard NAS pack on the implied safety scale (mean=4.6; SD=2.9) were 1.9 times (P <0.001) higher than smokers' ratings of a Marlboro Red pack (mean=2.4; SD=2.3) and 1.7 times (P <0.001) higher than smokers' ratings of a Newport Menthol pack (mean=2.7; SD=2.4). These perceptions of implied safety were lower when plain packaging was used (Cohen's d=0.66; P <0.001) and much lower when Australian-like packaging was used (Cohen's d=1.56; P <0.001). CONCLUSION:The results suggest that NAS cigarette packaging conveys that its cigarettes are 'safer' and that such perceptions are lower with standardised packaging, both with and without warning images.
Candidate gene DNA methylation associations with breast cancer characteristics and tumor progression

AIM We examined methylation patterns with aggressive tumor phenotypes and investigated demographic, socioeconomic and reproductive predictors of gene methylation. MATERIALS & METHODS Pyrosequencing quantified methylation of BRCA1, EGFR, GSTM2, RASSF1, TFF1 and Sat 2. We used quantile regression models to calculate adjusted median methylation values by estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER/PR) status. Bivariate associations between participant characteristics and methylation were examined. RESULTS Higher percent methylation of GSTM2 was observed in ER/PR-negative compared with ER/PR-positive tumors in ductal carcinoma in situ (14 vs 2%) and invasive (35 vs 3%) tissue components. Trends in aberrant GSTM2 methylation across tissue components were stronger among ER/PR-negative tumors (p-interaction <0.001). Black women were more likely to have ER/PR-negative tumors (p = 0.01) and show hypermethylation of GSTM2 compared with other women (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION GSTM2 promoter hypermethylation may serve as a potential biomarker of aggressive tumor development and a mechanism for ER/PR-negative tumor progression.
HashAlign: Hash-Based Alignment of Multiple Graphs

Fusing or aligning two or more networks is a fundamental building block of many graph mining tasks (e.g., recommendation systems, link prediction, collective analysis of networks). Most past work has focused on formulating pairwise graph alignment as an optimization problem with varying constraints and relaxations. In this paper, we study the problem of multiple graph alignment (collectively aligning multiple graphs at once) and propose HashAlign, an efficient and intuitive hash-based framework for network alignment that leverages structural properties and other node and edge attributes (if available) simultaneously. We introduce a new construction of LSH families, as well as robust node and graph features that are tailored for this task. Our method quickly aligns multiple graphs while avoiding the all-pairwise-comparison problem by expressing all alignments in terms of a chosen ‘center’ graph. Our extensive experiments on synthetic and real networks show that, on average, HashAlign is \(2{\times }\) faster and 10 to 20% more accurate than the baselines in pairwise alignment, and \(2{\times }\) faster while 50% more accurate in multiple graph alignment.
Off-Task Behavior in Narrative-Centered Learning Environments

Recent years have seen increasing interest in narrative-centered learning environments. However, the same qualities that make them engaging can also introduce seductive details that invite off-task behavior. This paper examines off-task behavior in the CRYSTAL ISLAND narrative-centered learning environment. Results from an empirical study examining the relationships between student test performance, individual differences, and off-task behavior are presented. The study found negative correlations between off-task behavior and test performance, as well as significant gender effects on the total amount of off-task behavior. Initial conclusions from a path analysis conducted on students' action sequences are also presented.
Abstract 2510: Nonadherence is a Mediator of the Link Between Depressive Symptoms, and Rehospitalization or Mortality in Patients with Heart Failure

The mechanisms linking depression with poor outcomes in heart failure (HF) are unknown. Although depression is known to affect adherence, few have examined behavioral mediators of the link between depression and HF outcomes. Purpose: To determine whether nonadherence mediated any association between depression and outcomes. Methods: We followed 111 HF patients (age 61 ± 11 yrs; 34% female; 66% NYHA class III/IV) for 6 months to determine rehospitalization and mortality rates. At baseline, depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Adherence was measured objectively by Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMs) and 24-hour urinary sodium excretion (UNA); and subjectively by Medical Outcomes Study Adherence Scale (MOS). Survival and multiple regression mediation analyses tested the hypothesis that nonadherence mediates the link between depression and outcomes. Results: Presence of depressive symptoms independently predicted rehospitalization/mortality (OR 1.2, p = .003). Patients with depressive symptoms were less adherent than non-depressed patients to medication-taking behavior (figure), and to activity, smoking, alcohol intake, medication taking, daily weighing and symptom monitoring (each p Conclusions: An important mechanism linking depression and HF outcomes is nonadherence to the prescribed regimen. Interventions to reduce depression will enhance adherence and improve HF outcomes.
Suggestions for Common Situations

We have considered the supportive techniques that we can use to prevent or diminish disharmony, signal increasing safety and security, enable engagement, and, above all, convey unconditional valuing. Their use is based on moment-to-moment decision-making on our part. A critical variable is to facilitate a coming together through effectuating participation. We cannot take on new meanings if we are not in solidarity with the person. Yet, in the initial dimension of caregiving, his is quite difficult since we are confronted with the rejection of our presence and any kind of participation with us. The strategies and techniques that we described can help us move more closely to the person. However, a nearly infinite number of questions can present themselves. The more we experience various situations, the better we will be able to select techniques. Some of those that we have encountered are presented in this chapter.
Annals Consult Guys - Should Your Patient's Surgery Be Stopped for Hypertension? The Pressure Is On

In this episode of the consultative medicine talk show, the Consult Guys dissect the evidence regarding whether and when surgery should be delayed because of hypertension.
Redo-Lung Transplantation in Elderly Patients: A Review of UNOS Database

Purpose The numbers of lung transplantation (LTx) recipients are gradually increasing worldwide. That leads to the subsequent question whether offering a redo-LTx is a viable option in some of those patients, especially the older patients, who were once transplanted. We investigated the survival outcome of single or double redo-LTx in both younger and elderly recipients analyzing the UNOS database. Methods Patients receiving single or double redo-LTx (n=1092; UNOS data from 1987-2014) were divided into three different groups based on recipient age - ≤69, 70-74, and ≥75 years old. Survival outcome was compared among the three groups using Kaplan-Meier Curve. Variables such as age, gender, ethnicity, BMI, length of stay (LOS), ECMO and inhaled NO usage, blood groups and types of procedures were compared for significance (p Results 498 had single and 594 had lung redo-LTx. 1069 patients were ≤69, 20 patients were 70-74, and 3 patients were over ≥75 years old. Demographic data showed 52% male, 87% white, 6% black, 5% Latino, and 2% others. Patients had BMI- 24 ± 5 kg/m2, median LOS 15 days, and blood groups: O-46%, A-40%, B-10%, AB-4%. Although UNOS data showed ECMO-4% and inhaled NO-1.3% usage, many data were missing from UNOS database for ECMO and inhaled NO. Log-rank test for equality of survival between the three groups showed no difference in survival for single redo-LTx (p=0.89), but demonstrated significance between the age cohorts for double redo-LTx (p=0.004). There was no significant difference in individuals receiving single redo-LTx based on age: ≤69 vs. 70-74 years old (p=0.63), ≤69 vs. ≥ 75 years old (p=0.94), 70-74 vs. ≥75 years old (p=0.91). Conclusion Single lung redo-LTx had no survival difference in different age groups compared to double lung redo-LTx. Older patients had more single lung redo-LTx than younger patients. Single lung redo-LTx data whether contralateral side or the same side lung redo-LTx was performed, were missing in UNOS database.
Plant Host-Associated Mechanisms for Microbial Selection.

Plants serve as host to numerous microorganisms. The members of these microbial communities interact among each other and with the plant, and there is increasing evidence to suggest that the microbial community may promote plant growth, improve drought tolerance, facilitate pathogen defense and even assist in environmental remediation. Therefore, it is important to better understand the mechanisms that influence the composition and structure of microbial communities, and what role the host may play in the recruitment and control of its microbiome. In particular, there is a growing body of research to suggest that plant defense systems not only provide a layer of protection against pathogens but may also actively manage the composition of the overall microbiome. In this review, we provide an overview of the current research into mechanisms employed by the plant host to select for and control its microbiome. We specifically review recent research that expands upon the role of keystone microbial species, phytohormones, and abiotic stress; in how they relate to plant driven dynamic microbial structuring.
The Case Against Idealising Control

Seemingly everyone, from scholars, industry, and privacy advocates to lawmakers, regulators, and judges seems to have settled on the idea that the key to privacy is control over personal information. But in practice, there is only so much a person can do. Control is far too precious and finite of a concept to meaningfully scale. It will never work for personal data mediated by technology. Now we have an entire empire of data protection built around the crumbling edifice of control. The idealisation of control in modern data protection regimes like the GDPR and the ePrivacy Directive creates a pursuit that is actually adversarial to safe and sustainable data practices. It deludes us about the efficacy of rules and dooms future regulatory proposals to walk down the same, misguided path. We should dislodge and minimise the concept of control as a goal of data protection. In mediated environments, the control we users get is illusory, overwhelming, and myopic. Justifying control measures on privacy grounds requires so much justification and tying ourselves in knots that it feels like it’s merely serving as a proxy for some other protection goal that’s just out of reach. Lawmakers and companies should pursue more direct values like trust, obscurity, and autonomy. They should embrace more direct strategies like mandatory deletion, collection and purpose limitations, and non-waivable duties of care, loyalty, discretion. People's trust in companies should be protected regardless of the control they are given.
Predicting secondary organic aerosol phase state and viscosity and its effect on multiphase chemistry in a regional-scale air quality model

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols are a significant public health hazard and have substantial impacts on the climate. Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) have been shown to phase separate into a highly viscous organic outer layer surrounding an aqueous core. This phase separation can decrease the partitioning of semi-volatile and low-volatile species to the organic phase and alter the extent of acid-catalyzed reactions in the aqueous core. A new algorithm that can determine SOA phase separation based on their glass transition temperature ( Tg ), oxygen to carbon ( O:C ) ratio and organic mass to sulfate ratio, and meteorological conditions was implemented into the Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling (CMAQ) system version 5.2.1 and was used to simulate the conditions in the continental United States for the summer of 2013. SOA formed at the ground/surface level was predicted to be phase separated with core–shell morphology, i.e., aqueous inorganic core surrounded by organic coating 65.4 % of the time during the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) on average in the isoprene-rich southeastern United States. Our estimate is in proximity to the previously reported ∼70 % in literature. The phase states of organic coatings switched between semi-solid and liquid states, depending on the environmental conditions. The semi-solid shell occurring with lower aerosol liquid water content (western United States and at higher altitudes) has a viscosity that was predicted to be 10 2 –10 12 Pa s , which resulted in organic mass being decreased due to diffusion limitation. Organic aerosol was primarily liquid where aerosol liquid water was dominant (eastern United States and at the surface), with a viscosity Pa s . Phase separation while in a liquid phase state, i.e., liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), also reduces reactive uptake rates relative to homogeneous internally mixed liquid morphology but was lower than aerosols with a thick viscous organic shell. The sensitivity cases performed with different phase-separation parameterization and dissolution rate of isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX) into the particle phase in CMAQ can have varying impact on fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) organic mass, in terms of bias and error compared to field data collected during the 2013 SOAS. This highlights the need to better constrain the parameters that govern phase state and morphology of SOA, as well as expand mechanistic representation of multiphase chemistry for non-IEPOX SOA formation in models aided by novel experimental insights.
SARS-CoV-2 and HIV coinfection: clinical experience from Rhode Island, United States.

INTRODUCTION: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected >6 million people worldwide since December 2019. Global reports of HIV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection are limited. To better understand the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on persons with HIV and improve their care, we present an outpatient and inpatient clinical experience of HIV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection from Rhode Island, US. METHODS: We describe outpatient and inpatient preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic, and present a case series of all known patients with HIV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection at The Miriam Hospital and Rhode Island Hospital, and The Miriam Hospital Infectious Diseases and Immunology Center, in Providence, Rhode Island, US. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The Infectious Diseases and Immunology Center rapidly prepared for outpatient and inpatient care of persons with HIV and SARS-CoV-2. Between 30 March and 20 May 2020, 27 patients with HIV were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. Twenty were male, six female and one transgender female; average age was 49 years; 13/27 were Hispanic and 6/27 were African American. All had HIV viral load <200 copies/mL and were on antiretroviral therapy with CD4 count range 87 to 1441 cells/µL. Twenty-six of the 27 had common COVID-19 symptoms for one to twenty-eight days and most had other co-morbidities and/or risk factors. Nine of the 27 were hospitalized for one to thirteen days; of those, three lived in a nursing home, six received remdesivir through a clinical trial or emergency use authorization and tolerated it well; eight recovered and one died. Overall, 17% of known Center people had HIV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection, whereas the comparable state-wide prevalence was 9%. CONCLUSIONS: We highlight challenges of outpatient and inpatient HIV care in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic and present the largest detailed case series to date from the United States on HIV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection, adding to limited global reports. The aggregated clinical findings suggest that the clinical presentation and outcomes of COVID-19 appear consistent with those without HIV. Whether SARS-CoV-2 infection is more frequent among persons with HIV remains to be determined. More data are needed as we develop our understanding of how HIV and antiretroviral therapy are affected by or have an impact on this pandemic.
Educational Leaders’ Need for Health Literacy During the COVID-19 Pandemic

School leaders will face great challenges balancing health considerations of students and school staff with powerful political forces demanding that schools reopen as early as possible In order to navigate this new educational landscape, school leaders will need to work with medical and public health officials to acquire health literacy This will enable them to understand medically accurate information while rejecting politically inspired misinformation they will receive in the coming year Health literacy will be an important skill needed by educational leaders to make the best possible decisions during this unprecedented pandemic © 2020 All Rights Reserved
Impact of hypoalbuminemia on the prognosis of relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel.

Introduction Hypoalbuminemia is a known adverse prognostic factor in lymphomas. Yet, it is unknown if Axicabtagene Ciloleucel (axi-cel) overcomes the adverse prognostic impact of hypoalbuminemia in relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis across three Mayo Clinic centers to assess the relationship of hypoalbuminemia (defined as a serum albumin (SA) levels ≤ 3.5 g/dL) on outcomes of patients treated with axi-cel. Results This analysis included 81 patients. Two patients had no available SA levels preceding axi-cel infusion. Eighteen patients (22.8%) had hypoalbuminemia with a median SA of 3.3 g/dL. Patients with normal SA had a statistically higher ORR than those without hypoalbuminemia (p=0.018). There was no difference in 1-year PFS and OS between the group with hypoalbuminemia and the group with normal SA levels (48% vs 49%, p=0.81) and (74% vs 73%, p=0.97), respectively. There was no difference in the severity or median duration of cytokine release syndrome or neurotoxicity between the two groups. Conclusion Notwithstanding the limitations related to the relatively small sample size, axi-cel therapy appears to overcome the adverse effect of hypoalbuminemia on OS and PFS. Large multicenter clinical studies are certainly needed to validate these findings.
4CPS-288 Clinical pharmacist’s impact in improving the safety of therapies for patients using oral anticancer agents: a prospective single centre study

Background and importance Oral anticancer agents (OAA) are frequently used in oncology practice. Drug interactions involving OAA are of great concern as they can cause an altered safety or efficacy profile for cancer treatments. Aim and objectives To estimate the prevalence of potential drug interactions in cancer patients to justify the implementation of preventive actions to optimise the effectiveness and efficiency of cancer management, in a context where the relevance of care is a public health issue. Material and methods Data on drugs used for comorbidities, OAA, over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and herbal supplements were collected through a structured interview with the patient, a review of medical records and a call to the dispensing pharmacist. Potential drug interactions involving OAA were detected during the primary prescribing process using the databases Lexicomp and Micromedex. Results 51 patients were included in the study. The median age of patients was 70 years. We identified 26 potentially clinically significant interactions (PCSI) in 24 patients (47%). Of the PCSI detected, 17.4% were assessed by both sources as major interactions and 8.7% as moderate interactions. The OAA that interacted the most were anagrelide (19.2%), capecitabine (15.4%) and lenalidomide (11.5%). PCSI involving OAA appeared in the following therapeutic classes: PPI 26.9%, herbal therapy 11.5% and antiplatelet–anticoagulants 11.5%. We observed that 30.8% of PCSI resulted in an altered efficacy profile of the OAA. Conclusion and relevance Analysis of PCSI in cancer patients allows the description of the use of OAA and thus how to optimise monitoring of the correct use of these drugs. The clinical pharmacist can improve drug safety by notifying hospital and frontline healthcare staff of PCSI to reduce drug therapy problems and optimise drug therapy for these patients. References and/or acknowledgements Ranchon F, Bouret C, Charpiat B, et al. Securisation de l’emploi des chimiotherapies anticancereuses administrables par voie orale. Le Pharmacien Hospitalier 2009;44:36–44. Banna GL, Collova E, Gebbia V, et al. Anticancer oral therapy: Emerging related issues. Cancer Treatment Reviews 2010;36:595–605. Conflict of interest No conflict of interest
The New World Belonopterygini (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): descriptions of a new genus and species from the West Indies and comparisons among the genera.

Pantaleonius toschiorum Tauber, n. gen., n.sp., is described from several islands in the Bahamas and Greater Antilles of the West Indies. For comparison, Abachrysa eureka Banks from southeastern United States is redescribed, and data on the three remaining New World belonopterygine genera, Vieira Navas, Nacarina Navas, and Belonopteryx Gerstaecker, are summarized. A key for identifying the New World belonopteryine genera is included. Although recognizably distinct, Pantaleonius shares several features with Vieira, which is considered basal within Belonopterygini. Both genera are quite different from Abachrysa Banks, which is known to be derived among the New World belonopterygines and also closely related to the Old World belonopterygine clade.
A multi-center phase II randomized clinical trial of losartan on symptomatic outpatients with COVID-19

Abstract Background The SARS-CoV-2 virus enters cells via Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), disrupting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis, potentially contributing to lung injury. Treatment with angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), such as losartan, may mitigate these effects, though induction of ACE2 could increase viral entry, replication, and worsen disease. Methods This study represents a placebo-controlled blinded randomized clinical trial (RCT) to test the efficacy of losartan on outpatients with COVID-19 across three hospital systems with numerous community sites in Minnesota, U.S. Participants included symptomatic outpatients with COVID-19 not already taking ACE-inhibitors or ARBs, enrolled within 7 days of symptom onset. Patients were randomized to 1:1 losartan (25 mg orally twice daily unless estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR, was reduced, when dosing was reduced to once daily) versus placebo for 10 days, and all patients and outcome assesors were blinded. The primary outcome was all-cause hospitalization within 15 days. Secondary outcomes included functional status, dyspnea, temperature, and viral load. (clinicatrials.gov, NCT04311177, closed to new participants) Findings From April to November 2020, 117 participants were randomized 58 to losartan and 59 to placebo, and all were analyzed under intent to treat principles. The primary outcome did not differ significantly between the two arms based on Barnard's test [losartan arm: 3 events (5.2% 95% CI 1.1, 14.4%) versus placebo arm: 1 event (1.7%; 95% CI 0.0, 9.1%)]; proportion difference -3.5% (95% CI -13.2, 4.8%); p = 0.32]. Viral loads were not statistically different between treatment groups at any time point. Adverse events per 10 patient days did not differ signifcantly [0.33 (95% CI 0.22–0.49) for losartan vs. 0.37 (95% CI 0.25–0.55) for placebo]. Due to a lower than expected hospitalization rate and low likelihood of a clinically important treatment effect, the trial was terminated early. Interpretation In this multicenter blinded RCT for outpatients with mild symptomatic COVID-19 disease, losartan did not reduce hospitalizations, though assessment was limited by low event rate. Importantly, viral load was not statistically affected by treatment. This study does not support initiation of losartan for low-risk outpatients. Funding This study was supported by Minnesota Partnership for Biotechnology and Medical Genomics (CON000000076883).
Synthesis of supported bimetallic nanoparticles with controlled size and composition distributions for active site elucidation

Elucidation of active sites in supported bimetallic catalysts is complicated by the high level of dispersity in the nanoparticle size and composition that is inherent in conventional methods of catalyst preparation. We present a synthesis strategy that leads to highly dispersed, bimetallic nanoparticles with uniform particle size and composition by means of controlled surface reactions. We demonstrate the synthesis of three systems, RhMo, PtMo, and RhRe, consisting of a highly reducible metal with an oxophilic promoter. These catalysts are characterized by FTIR, CO chemisorption, STEM/EDS, TPR, and XAS analysis. The catalytic properties of these bimetallic nanoparticles were probed for the selective CO hydrogenolysis of (hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran to produce 1,6 hexanediol. Based on the characterization results and reactivity trends, the active sites in the hydrogenolysis reaction are identified to be small ensembles of the more noble metal (Rh, Pt) adjacent to highly reduced moieties of the more oxophilic metal (Mo, Re).