cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
National Minority Business Owners Surveys: Presentation

The National Minority Business Owners Surveys' purpose is to explore minority entrepreneurship issues by examining business ownership patterns among African-American, Korean-American, and Mexican-American populations, and White populations.
Linear lipoatrophy following intra-articular triamcinolone acetonide injection mimicking linear scleroderma.

A 12-year-old female with oligoarticular juvenile inflammatory arthritis developed an atrophic linear plaque involving the left medial forearm and proximal arm 7 months after intra-articular triamcinolone injection for arthritis. The plaque spontaneously resolved without treatment over approximately one year. It is important to recognize this rare complication of intra-articular steroid injection in order to avoid potential misdiagnosis as linear scleroderma and subsequent immunosuppressive treatment.
Impact of an Endotracheal Tube Holder to Reduce Facial Injury

Background: Data describing an endotracheal tube holder both for securing an endotracheal tube (ETT) and reducing skin breakdown compared to cloth tape or other methods of securing the ETT in adult intensive care units (ICU) are limited. Pressure injuries associated with ETTs are concerning due to increased morbidity, treatment cost, and reduced reimbursement. Having a device specific to secure an ETT may reduce variation and improve outcomes. We have used cloth tape to secure ETTs for many years at our hospital. We hypothesize that using a device designed to secure the ETT would reduce hospital-acquired pressure injuries to the mouth and face and secure the airway better than tape. Methods: The Hollister AnchorFast ETT holder was initiated on all intubated patients that met criteria in our adult intensive care units starting in August 2017. Data was retrospectively collected on number of skin injuries to the mouth/face and unplanned extubations compared to ETTs secured with 1 inch cloth adhesive tape. We collaborated with the ICU nurses to ensure that the ETT holder would be repositioned as recommended every two hours. Two data periods were analyzed, PRE - January 2016 to August 2017, POST - August 2017 to present. Results: 7,614 patients received mechanical ventilation in the adult ICU9s since January of 2016, 5,286 patients in the prior to the ETT holder (PRE) and 2328 patients during use of the ETT holder (POST). See data table for incidence of injury and unplanned extubations. Conclusions: Pressure injuries associated with the ETT had a significant decrease from 2.93% (PRE) to 1.97% (POST). Along with the reduction in skin breakdown, the number of unplanned extubations was unchanged. Future studies should investigate the quality of mouth care given when using an ETT holder versus cloth tape.
A selective inference approach for FDR control using multi-omics covariates yields insights into disease risk

To correct for a large number of hypothesis tests, most researchers rely on simple multiple testing corrections. Yet, new methodologies of selective inference could potentially improve power while retaining statistical guarantees, especially those that enable exploration of test statistics using auxiliary information (covariates) to weight hypothesis tests for association.We explore one such method, adaptive p-value thresholding (Lei & Fithian 2018, AdaPT), in the framework of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and gene expression/coexpression studies, with particular emphasis on schizophrenia (SCZ). Selected SCZ GWAS association p-values play the role of the primary data for AdaPT; SNPs are selected because they are gene expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). This natural pairing of SNPs and genes allow us to map the following covariate values to these pairs: GWAS statistics from genetically-correlated bipolar disorder, the effect size of SNP genotypes on gene expression, and gene-gene coexpression, captured by subnetwork (module) membership. In all 24 covariates perSNP/gene pair were included in the AdaPT analysis using flexible gradient boosted trees.We demonstrate a substantial increase in power to detect SCZ associations using gene expression information from the developing human prefontal cortex (Werling et al. 2019). We interpret these results in light of recent theories about the polygenic nature of SCZ. Importantly, our entire process for identifying enrichment and creating features with independent complementary data sources can be implemented in many different high-throughput settings to ultimately improve power.
The Environmental Protection Agency's Use of Community Involvement to Engage Communities at Superfund Sites.

The Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Superfund program was established to identify, assess and clean up the nation’s worst hazardous waste sites to protect human health and the environment. Community involvement is an important part of the Superfund program for at least three reasons. First, involving communities in decision making at Superfund sites is a statutory requirement. Second, community involvement is important so that clean up decisions will support reuse in the surrounding community. Third, because even after cleanup many sites have residual contamination that warrants administrative and legal controls to protect health and the environment, community members should understand these controls to both help protect community members and any limitations on site reuse. Community feedback informs both proposed actions and local reuse decisions. While the EPA recognizes that the agency performs many activities that are helpful to support community involvement, there are areas in need of improvement and further research would be helpful for communities in the future.
OpenFPGA: An Opensource Framework Enabling Rapid Prototyping of Customizable FPGAs

Driven by the strong need in data processing applications, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are playing an ever-increasing role as programmable accelerators in modern computing systems. To fully unlock processing capabilities for domain-specific applications, FPGA architectures have to be tailored for seamless cooperation with other computing resources. However, prototyping and bringing to production a customized FPGA is a costly and complex endeavor even for industrial vendors. In this paper, we introduce OpenFPGA, an opensource framework that enables rapid prototyping of customizable FPGA architectures through a semi-custom design approach. We propose an XML-to-Prototype design flow, where the Verilog netlists of a full FPGA fabric can be autogenerated using an extension of the XML language from the VTR framework and then fed into a back-end flow to generate production-ready layouts. OpenFPGA also includes a general-purpose Verilog-to-Bitstream generator for any FPGA described by the XML language. We demonstrate the capability of this automatic design flow with a Stratix IV-like FPGA architecture using a commercial 40nm technology node, and perform a detailed comparison to its academic and commercial counterparts. Compared to the current state-of-art academic results, our FPGA fabric reduces the area by 1:75 and the delay by 3 on average. In addition, OpenFPGA significantly reduces the gap between semi-custom designed FPGAs and fully-optimized commercial products with a penalty of only 60% in area and 30% in delay, respectively.
A high-power, high-repetition-rate THz source for pump–probe experiments at Linac Coherent Light Source II

Experiments using a THz pump and an X-ray probe at an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) facility like the Linac Coherent Light Source II (LCLS II) require frequency-tunable (3 to 20 THz), narrow bandwidth (∼10%), carrier-envelope-phase-stable THz pulses that produce high fields (>1 MV cm−1) at the repetition rate of the X-rays and are well synchronized with them. In this paper, a two-bunch scheme to generate THz radiation at LCLS II is studied: the first bunch produces THz radiation in an electromagnet wiggler immediately following the LCLS II undulator that produces X-rays from the second bunch. The initial time delay between the two bunches is optimized to compensate for the path difference in THz transport. The two-bunch beam dynamics, the THz wiggler and radiation are described, as well as the transport system bringing the THz pulses from the wiggler to the experimental hall.
Thrombus remodeling. Key factor in the progression of coronary atherosclerosis

The mechanism of the progression of atherosclerosis involves the rupture of a plaque with thrombus formation, followed by an invasion of monocytes that induce the formation of tissue factor and a second thrombus. This is followed by activation of the smooth muscle cells of the arterial wall with formation of connective tissue that infiltrates both thrombi. We can try to prevent atherosclerosis progression by inhibiting thrombosis with an inhibitor of tissue factor, inhibiting the process of scarring with Rapamycin, or both. Nowadays, we can study these processes using highly sensitive techniques to monitorize the formation and evolution of the thrombus, and magnetic resonance imaging that allow us to study the growth of the connective tissue. With these techniques we can study the natural history of atherosclerosis and the efficacy of different drugs to prevent its progression.
Non-operative management of biliary complications after Liver Transplantation in pediatric patients: A 30-year experience.

Background To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous and endoscopic therapeutic interventions for biliary strictures and leaks following LT in children. Methods Retrospective analysis of 49 consecutive pediatric liver transplant recipients (27 girls, 22 boys, mean age at transplant 3.9 years) treated at our institution from 1989 to 2019 for biliary leak and/or biliary stricture was performed. Minimally invasive approach was considered clinically successful if it resulted in patency of the narrowed biliary segment and/or correction of the biliary leak. Results Forty-two patients had a stricture at the biliary anastomosis; seven had a biliary leak. After an average 13.8 years of follow-up, long-term clinical success with minimally invasive treatment (no surgery or re-transplant) was achieved for 24 children (57%) with biliary stricture and 4 (57%) with biliary leaks. Eight patients required re-transplant; however, only one was due to failure of both percutaneous and surgical management. For biliary strictures, failure of non-surgical management was associated with younger age at stricture diagnosis (p Conclusions Percutaneous and endoscopic management of biliary strictures and leaks after LT in children is associated with a durable result in >50% of children.
Applications of Machine Learning in Solid Oral Dosage Form Development.

Abstract This review comprehensively summarizes the application of machine learning in solid oral dosage form development over the past three decades. In both academia and industry, machine learning is increasingly applied for multiple preformulation/formulation and process development studies. Further, this review provides the authors’ perspectives on how pharmaceutical scientists can use machine learning for right projects and in right ways; some key ingredients include (1) the determination of inputs, outputs, and objectives; (2) the generation of a database containing high-quality data; (3) the development of machine learning models based on dataset training and model optimization; (4) the application of trained models in making predictions for new samples. It is expected by the authors and others that machine learning will promisingly play a more important role in tomorrow's projects for solid oral dosage form development.
Promoting Effective Biosecurity Governance: Using Tripwires to Anticipate and Ameliorate Potentially Harmful Development Trends

Synthetic biology is a new, rapidly growing interdisciplinary field which seeks to use engineering techniques to alter and construct new biological components, devices, and systems. The rate of synthetic biology development and research has increased over the past two decades in both industry and academia (Ahteensuu 2017). Applications include medicine (new vaccines, delivery of therapeutics, and treatments), energy (biofuels), environmental remediation, food production, and general industry (detergents, adhesives, perfumes) (Evans and Selgelid 2015; Gronvall 2015). While synthetic biology heralds advances in these fields, its techniques could also be adapted for malicious purposes and used by terrorist organizations, rogue actors, or hostile nations to create dangerous pathogens, invasive organisms, or other disruptive biological agents (Yeh et al. 2012). Such potential makes synthetic biology a dual-use research area of concern (DURC) as the same techniques can be used to benefit or harm people, animals, environments, technology, or nations (Getz and Dellaire 2018). To cope with threats arising from synthetic biology’s dual-use nature, biosecurity is needed to prevent, detect, and attribute biological attacks.
Review of Genetic Data Analysis II. Method for Discrete Population Genetic Data, (Bruce Weir) (Second Edition)

The second, expanded edition of this single-authored treatise was written to serve geneticists who have limited statistical training and for statisticians who have been asked to apply quantitative methods to the rapid advances in fields such as molecular, population and evolutionary genetics, genomic mapping, sequencing and linkage analyses and forensic sciences. The paperback book is also a shelf reference and serves as a simple and useful review of concepts and applications. The book appears to be well-edited and without errors of notation, logic or typography because the prepublished material was already extensively reviewed by experts, and the author's students.
Access to Retransplantation After Failed Donation After Circulatory Death Liver Transplantation: Eo Ire Itum

Donation after circulatory death (DCD) has emerged as an important strategy to address the ongoing challenge of insufficient organ supply to meet waitlist demand. Federal mandates by the Health Resources and Services Administration and the Centers forMedicare andMedicaid Services (CMS) have resulted in a dramatic increase in the rate of transplants with DCD organs during the preceding decade (1). However, concerns over worse outcomes of DCD compared to donation after brain death (DBD) liver transplant have more recently led to a plateau in DCD liver utilization (2). This disturbing trend has initiated a dialogue within the transplant community, which has urged policymakers to take action to optimize the use of DCD livers.
Does it Pay to be a Man? A Study of Pay Differentials between College Graduates

There is a difference in men and women’s salaries even within narrowly defined fields. This paper reviews the theory as to why a gender income gap exists and then looks at a sample of college graduates in order to show that there is a difference between college men and women’s starting salaries. It then follows these graduates over time to show that the income gap increases. This article is available in The Park Place Economist: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/parkplace/vol8/iss1/13 Does it Pay to Be a Man? A Study of Pay Differentials Among College Graduates
Supporting Real-Time Computer Vision Workloads Using OpenVX on Multicore+GPU Platforms

In the automotive industry, there is currently great interest in supporting driver-assist and autonomouscontrol features that utilize vision-based sensing through cameras. The usage of graphics processing units (GPUs) can potentially enable such features to be supported in a cost-effective way, within an acceptable size, weight, and power envelope. OpenVX is an emerging standard for supporting computer vision workloads. OpenVX uses a graph-based software architecture designed to enable efficient computation on heterogeneous platforms, including those that use accelerators like GPUs. Unfortunately, in settings where real-time constraints exist, the usage of OpenVX poses certain challenges. For example, pipelining is difficult to support and processing graphs may have cycles. In this paper, graph transformation techniques are presented that enable these issues to be circumvented. Additionally, a case-study evaluation is presented involving an OpenVX implementation in which these techniques are applied. This OpenVX implementation runs atop a previously developed GPU-management framework called GPUSync. In this case study, the usage of GPUSync's GPU management techniques along with the proposed graph transformations enabled computer vision workloads specified using OpenVX to be supported in a predictable way.
Cost of Treating Venous Thromboembolism With Heparin and Warfarin Versus Home Treatment With Rivaroxaban.

Background Target-specific anticoagulants such as rivaroxaban facilitate immediate discharge of low-risk venous thromboembolism (VTE; including deep vein thrombosis [DVT] and pulmonary embolism [PE]) allowing treatment at home instead of hospitalization. Objectives The objective was to compare costs accrued over 6 months by patients diagnosed with low-risk VTE and treated at home with rivaroxaban versus usual care with heparin-warfarin. Methods This case-control study calculated costs using the established charge-to-cost ratio from UB-04 billing claims of patients diagnosed at two metropolitan hospitals. Patients were defined as low risk by the Hestia criteria. All patients were anticoagulated for 6 months. Control patients were treated with usual care using low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and then warfarin. Case patients were treated with an initial dose of rivaroxaban in the ED followed by same-day discharge home with rivaroxaban. Medians were compared by Mann-Whitney U-test. Results Fifty cases and 47 controls were identified. Groups were well matched according to mean age, Charlson comorbidity score, and proportions by sex and location of thrombus. For all VTEs, median hospital charges for 6 months after diagnosis were $11,128 (interquartile range [IQR] = $8,110 to $23,390) for controls, compared with $4,787 (IQR = $3,042 to $7,596) for cases (Mann-Whitney U-test p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses of the first week of therapy, PE, DVT, and inpatient pharmacy costs retained significance, with costs for rivaroxaban-treated PE patients 57% lower than control PE patients (p < 0.001) and 56% lower for DVT patients (p = 0.003). Conclusions Cost of medical care was lower for low-risk VTE patients discharged immediately from the ED with rivaroxaban therapy compared with patients treated with LMWH-warfarin.
Examples in program composition

This paper describes a few examples in Program Composition Notation (PCN), a notation for composing programs. PCN runs on a variety of machines including sequential machines, message-passing multicomputers and shared-memory machines. PCN uses four primitive composition operators: sequential, parallel, choice and fair composition with the symbols ‘;’, ‘||’, ‘?’, and ‘[]’, respectively. PCN uses (mutable) variables as in imperative programming —variables whose value can change— and definition names (defnames, for short), which can be assigned at most once. The value of a definition name is either the special symbol undefined or an expression that does not refer to (mutable) variables. For example, the value of a definition name can be x, or x + 5, or {x, {y}, 5}, where x and y are definition names. (Note that a tuple is a form of expression.)
Proactive meeting management for distributed collaborative design

Abstract This paper presents the CAIRO (Collaborative Agent Interaction control and synchROnization) system which is a distributed design negotiation environment that allows individuals to interact over computer networks without the physical and temporal constraints experienced in a traditional meeting environment. Requirements for a collaborative design negotiation environment are identified based on background research in meeting and negotiation processes as well as distributed artificial intelligence concepts. Furthermore, the paper describes an agent-based coordination and facilitation mechanism to support the design negotiation process, and a framework for effective documentation of meeting proceedings. These mechanisms are built on top of the CAIRO distributed communication infrastructure.
Reactivities of Sites on (5,5) Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with and without a Stone-Wales Defect

The reactivities of various carbon sites on (5,5) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) of C70H20 with and without a Stone-Wales defect have been predicted computationally. The properties determined include the average local ionization energy Is(r) and pyramidalization angle θP on the surfaces of the bare tubes, the chemisorption energies, bond lengths, stretching frequencies for chemisorbed H and F atoms, and the effects of H and F chemisorption upon the HOMO−LUMO energy gaps. There is a good correlation between the minima of the local ionization energy and the chemisorption energies at different carbon sites, indicating that Is(r) provides an effective means for rapidly and inexpensively assessing the relative reactivities of the carbon sites of SWCNTs. The pyramidalization angle (θP), which is a measure of local curvature, also shows a relationship to site reactivity. The most reactive carbon site, identified by having the lowest Is(r) and largest θP, is in the Stone-Wales defect region, which also...
Contents and Recovery of Gibberellins in Monoecious and Gynoecious Cucumber Plants

Diffusates from seedlings and root exudates from 6-week-old plants of a monoecious line of cucumber, Cucumis sativus L., contained considerably higher levels of gibberellin-(GA-) like substances than did those from plants of an isogenic gynoecious line. Most of the GA-like activity was found in a chromatogram region typical of GA(1) and GA(3); some activity, particularly in root exudates, appeared also at an R(F) similar to that of GA(4) and GA(7).When seedlings were treated with (3)H-labeled GA(1), more radioactivity was found in the diffusates from monoecious seedlings than from gynoecious ones. The same was true of biological activity in root diffusates from older plants which had been treated with gibberellin A(4+7).In conjunction with evidence present in literature, these results support the idea that endogenous GAs play a part in the regulation of sex expression in cucumber, relatively high levels favoring the formation of staminate flowers.
Myocardial metabolism during and after double valve replacement.

Arterial and coronary sinus concentrations of oxygen, acid-base parameters, electrolytes, and energy-producing substrates were measured in 10 patients during and after operation for double valve replacement. The heart fibrillated during coronary perfusion in five patients and remained beating in the other five. The patterns of changes seen were largely similar to those previously found in less severely ill patients having aortic valve or congenital lesion repair, in spite of longer periods of whole-body perfusion. A case study of one patient in cardiogenic shock before operation, and with persistently low cardiac output afterward, revealed an extreme degree of metabolic and electrolytic derangement taking place.
Time- and Polarization-Resolved Photoluminescence of Individual Semicrystalline Polythiophene (P3HT) Nanoparticles

We report on a remarkable size and internal structure dependence on time- and polarization-resolved photoluminescence (PL) from individual regioregular rrP3HT (poly-3-(hexylthiophine)) nanoparticle...
An integrated storage system evaluation model

Abstract A modelling strategy is presented that links three major policy issues associated with the distribution systems serving a random process of item retrieval demand. These issues include inventory management, space allocation between reserve and retrieval storage areas, and storage area layout. The analytical base for system cost components related to these policies is derived and incorporated into a computational evaluation model. A sample problem is used to demonstrate the model for analyzing costs associated with the design and operation of a distribution system.
Agricultural expansion: land use shell game in the U.S. Northern Plains.

Land area planted to row crops has expanded globally with increased demand for food and biofuels. Agricultural expansion in the Dakota Prairie Pothole Region (DPPR), USA affects a variety of agricultural and non-agricultural land-use types, including grasslands and wetlands that provide critical wildlife habitat and other ecosystem services. The purpose of this study was to quantify recent changes in rural land cover/land use, analyze trends, and interpret results in relation to climate, agronomic practice, and ethanol production. The primary data sources were 1980–2012 statewide cropland data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Agricultural Statistics Service, and the USDA Cropland Data Layer, produced annually for the DPPR from 2006 through 2012. Area planted to corn or soybean row crops increased, and small grain (e.g., wheat, barley) area decreased significantly over the analysis period. Corn and soybean expanded by 27 % in the DPPR between 2010 and 2012 alone, an areal increase (+15,400 km2) larger than the U.S. state of Connecticut. This expansion displaced primarily small grains and grassland (e.g., pastures, haylands, remnant prairies). Grassland regularly exchanged land with corn and soybean, small grains, and wetlands and water. Corn and soybean had high inter-annual self-replacement values (68–80 %), and continuous corn/soy row cropping was the second most common combination over a three-year period, ranking after continuous grassland. Small grain self-replacement values were only 22–35 %, indicating frequent relocation in the landscape. Temporary gains in wetland and grassland area were attributed to unusually wet climatic conditions and late snowfalls that prevented crop planting. Nearly all of the region’s ethanol refineries were located where corn and soybean crops constituted 50 % or more of the land area. Quantification of grassland losses in the U.S. Northern Plains requires evaluation of all land uses that interact with grasslands, and a longer term perspective that incorporates grassland as part of a normal land-use rotation.
A comparative study of the pathogenesis of western equine and eastern equine encephalomyelitis viral infections in mice by intracerebral and subcutaneous inoculations.

Among the group A arboviruses, eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) and western equine encephalitis (WEE) viruses are clinically important in the continental United States, being responsible for periodic epidemics. In general, the WEE virus may cause encephalitis in man with variable severity, fatal in only a small proportion of cases. On the other hand, the EEE virus is usually responsible for severe and often fatal encephalitis in human beings [1]. Although these 2 agents have been studied extensively in terms of their biologic characteristics and epidemiologic distributions [27], the use of a combination of virologic, histopathologic, and immunofluorescent techniques to study the pathogenesis of these 2 viral infections in experimental animals to our knowledge has not been reported. This paper is concerned with the observations in our laboratory on a comparative study of the pathogenesis of infection by intracerebral (ic) and subcutaneous (sc) inoculation in mice with WEE and EEE viruses.
Procainamide elimination kinetics in pediatric patients

Procainamide kinetics were studied in six children after a single intravenous dose. Two-compartment kinetic analysis of serum concentration-time curves of five children, who received a dose of 5.5 ± 0.9 mg/kg (mean ± SD), revealed the following values for kinetic parameters: distribution half-life, 10.3 ±3.4 min; elimination half-life, 1.7 ±0.1 hr; elimination constant, 1.2 ± 0.3 hr−1; plasma clearance 19.4 ± 2.0 ml/min/kg, and steady-state volume of distribution, 2.2 ± 0.3 l/kg. A sixth patient, who received an accidental overdose of 28 mg/kg, had altered elimination kinetics due to drug-induced hypotension. N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA) was detected in serum samples obtained soon after procainamide dosing and peak concentrations were attained at 1 to 2 hr. NAPA levels were lower than corresponding procainamide concentrations at most sampling periods. The findings of short elimination half-life and rapid plasma clearance of procainamide in children suggest that continuous intravenous infusion may be necessary to maintain therapeutically effective plasma concentrations in these patients. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1982) 32, 607–611; doi:10.1038/clpt.1982.210
Inner electron binding energy in atoms and ions

Abstract The 1s-electron binding energies of first and second row atoms were obtained from Clementi's analytical Hartree-Fock wavefunctions with the use of Koopman's theorem. These were compared with the differences of the expectation values of √ 1 between various low lying states of the charged and neutral' atoms, and the ground state of the neutral atom. Good agreement was found. Extension of this analysis to molecules and crystals should make possible a better interpretation of the chemical shift observed in photoelectron spectroscopy.
Determinants of a Supervisor's use of rewards and punishmens: A literature review and suggestions for further research☆☆☆

Abstract Until recently little comprehensive effort has been expended in an attempt to identify the variables that affect a supervisor's use of rewards and punishments. Yet, the identification of these factors is critical if we are to fully understand these important forms of leader behavior. Research relevant to this topic is reviewed and, when indicated by the data, future research is suggested.
No Duty to Retreat: Violence and Values in American History and Society

No Duty to Retreat takes as its starting-point the increased popularity in American society of the old English common-law concept that a person under physical attack has the right to stand his ground, defend himself, and even kill his assailant in self-defence in certain circumstances. This doctrine came to public awareness recently when Berhard Goetz took the law into his own hands when assaulted by four youths in a New York City subway train. There is a chapter on the American as gunfighter, another on a famous vigilante case in California in the 1870s, when farmers retaliated against the Southern Pacific Railroad trying to move them off their lands , and a long chapter discussing 'crime, law, and society in America since 1930', in which Brown shows that the crime surge since the 1950s has occurred with the emergence of the Post-Industrial Society, which has left many people alienated and looking for quick solutions.
Intact Marriages in Which One Partner Dis-Identifies with Experiences of Same-Sex Attraction: A Follow-Up Study

This study is a one-year follow-up study of heterosexually married couples in which one partner reports having experienced same-sex attraction and both partners report satisfaction with their marri...
Identification of Water Ice on the Centaur 1997 CU26

Spectra of the Centaur 1997 CU26 were obtained at the Keck Observatory on 27 October 1997 (universal time). The data show strong absorptions at 1.52 and 2.03 micrometers attributable to water ice on the surface of 1997 CU26. The reflectance spectrum of 1997 CU26 is matched by the spectrum of a mixture of low-temperature, particulate water ice and spectrally featureless but otherwise red-colored material. Water ice dominates the spectrum of 1997 CU26, whereas methane or methane-like hydrocarbons apparently dominate the spectrum of the Kuiper belt object 1993 SC, perhaps indicating different origins, thermal histories, or both for these two objects.
Impact of reference datasets and autocorrelation on classification accuracy

Reference data and accuracy assessments via error matrices build the foundation for measuring success of classifications. An error matrix is often based on the traditional holdout method that utilizes only one training/test dataset. If the training/test dataset does not fully represent the variability in a population, accuracy may be over – or under – estimated. Furthermore, reference data may be flawed by spatial errors or autocorrelation that may lead to overoptimistic results. For a forest study we first corrected spatially erroneous ground data and then used aerial photography to sample additional reference data around the field-sampled plots (Mannel et al. 2006). These reference data were used to classify forest cover and subsequently determine classification success. Cross-validation randomly separates datasets into several training/test sets and is well documented to perform a more precise accuracy measure than the traditional holdout method. However, random cross-validation of autocorrelated data ...
Probabilistic Seismic-Hazard Assessment Including Site Effects for Evansville, Indiana, and the Surrounding Region

Abstract Evansville, Indiana, is one of the closest large urban areas to both the New Madrid Seismic Zone, where large earthquakes occurred in 1811–1812, and the Wabash Valley Seismic Zone, where there is evidence of several large prehistoric earthquakes in the last 14,000 yr. For this reason, Evansville has been targeted as a priority region for urban seismic-hazard assessment. The probabilistic seismic-hazard methodology used for the Evansville region incorporates new information from recent surficial geologic mapping efforts, as well as information on the depth and properties of near-surface soils and their associated uncertainties. The probabilistic seismic-hazard calculation applied here follows the method used for the 2008 United States Geological Survey (USGS) national seismic-hazard maps, with modifications to incorporate estimates of local site conditions and their uncertainties, in a completely probabilistic manner. The resulting analysis shows strong local variations of acceleration with 2% probability of exceedance in 50 yr, which are clearly correlated with variations in the thickness of unconsolidated soils above bedrock. Spectral accelerations at 0.2-s period range from 0.6 to 1.5 g , values that are much greater than those of the USGS national seismic-hazard map, which assume B/C site conditions with an average shear-wave velocity of 760 m/s in the top 30 m. The presence of an ancient bedrock valley underlying the current Ohio River flood plain strongly affects the spatial pattern of accelerations. For 1.0-s spectral acceleration, ground motions are significantly amplified due to deeper soils within this structure, to a level comparable to that predicted by the national seismic-hazard maps with D site conditions assumed. For PGA and 0.2-s spectral acceleration, ground motions are significantly amplified outside this structure, above the levels predicted by the national seismic-hazard maps with uniform D site conditions assumed.
Increased Na/H antiport activity and abundance in uremic red blood cells

Increased Na/H antiport activity and abundance in uremic red blood cells. Alterations in red blood cell sodium (Na) transport have been described in chronic renal failure. This study examines the possible impact of uremia on two ouabain-insensitive pathways, the Na/H antiporter and the Cl - /NaCO 3 - anion exchanger. The V max of Na/H antiporter measured as Na influx driven by outward H gradient in acid loaded red blood cells was significantly higher in uremic red blood cells versus controls (60.5 ± 16.5 vs. 24.5 ± 5.4 mmol/liter cells/hr, P
Histologic characteristics of coronary artery in relation to the renovasculopathies of hypertension

Coronary heart disease is a consequence of prior conditions in the coronary artery that invariably include atherosclerotic plaques with necrotic core. Evidence indicates that atheronecrosis is itself a late outcome of certain precursor conditions in the arteries, especially low density of intimal smooth muscle cells and extensive foam cell infiltration. A sequential process is indicated: the defined precursors set the conditions, atheronecrosis appears, and from this coronary heart disease eventually emerges. Hypertensive kidneys typically manifest intimal fibroplasia of cortical arteries and hyalinization of arterioles. Both forms of renovasculopathy, fibroplastic and hyaline, correlate with the early development of atheronecrosis and its precursor conditions. Hyalinization of renal arterioles, however, especially marks subjects with the greatest risk of further developing heart disease. These findings suggest an important prognostic significance to the finding of hyaline deposits in renocortical arterioles; the affected patient may be at exceptionally high risk for coronary heart disease. Results are derived from a series of forensic autopsies, in which morphometric assessment of paraffin sections of coronary arteries and renal cortex was performed.
Preliminary investigations on the distribution of scaled chrysophytes in Vermont and New Hampshire (USA) lakes and their utility to infer lake water chemistry

A total of 38 taxa of scaled chrysophytes, representing seven genera, were observed in the surface sediments of eleven lakes in Vermont and New Hampshire, USA. The number of taxa found per lake ranged from 10 to 23, with greater diversity and abundances of scales in the New Hampshire localities. The flora was similar to those described from other temperate regions of North America and Europe. The flora described from the New Hampshire waterbodies was typical of those observed in slightly acidic, dilute lakes situated in primarily forested watersheds. The flora observed in the Vermont lakes was more typical of ones previously described from regions rich in waterbodies with both high pH and concentrations of dissolved salts. The occurrences of several rarely reported species in North America, including Mallomonas alata, M. parvulu, M. retrorsu. and Synura lapponica, are documented. It was also determined that paleolimnological inference models developed in Connecticut for pH, specific conductivity and trophic score worked well using the scale remains from the study lakes.
Kinetics of Equilibrium Labeling of the Hat Thyroid Gland with 125I

The concentration and specific activity of radioiodine in the rat thyroid were measured at various times during the equilibration of thyroid iodine with dietary iodine labeled with 125I. Both rose rapidly and linearly over the first few days; then the rate of increase began to decrease progressively. At 99 days, the last time at which measurements were made, the specific activity in the thyroid had closely approached that in the diet, but the concentration of radioiodine in the thyroid still appeared to be increasing slowly. The equilibration process for the thyroid gland as a whole deviated significantly from first order kinetics. The major reason for this deviation seems to have been the heterogeneity of equilibration rates in various iodine pools; the effects of other biological and experimental factors appeared to be small. (Endocrinology 81:1063, 1967)
Residual plastic strain recovery driven by grain boundary diffusion in nanocrystalline thin films

Abstract Residual strain in metals is typically considered to be irreversible. However, residual strain in nanocrystalline materials can be recovered over a period of time via diffusive mechanisms. In this study, free-standing copper films of submicron thickness with an average grain size of about 40 nm are mechanically loaded via a plane-strain bulge test, and residual strain recovery at room temperature is characterized after unloading. The specimens recover their residual strain in a period of time that can range from a few days to more than 1 month depending upon the surface conditions and heterogeneous residual strain distributions in multiple cycles of recoveries. A constant tensile stress of about 25 MPa is reached after each recovery finishes. Two characteristic strain rates occur during residual strain recovery, a transient strain recovery rate of the order of 10 −7 s −1 and a steady-state strain recovery rate of the order of 10 −9 s −1 . A model of the plastic strain recovery is presented which demonstrates the plausibility that grain boundary diffusion driven by chemical potential gradients due to residual stresses and the presence of voids can rationalize the transient and steady-state plastic strain recovery rates, respectively.
Climatic shift in patterns of shallow clouds over the Amazon

[1] The Amazon rain forest has experienced dramatic changes in the past 50 years due to active deforestation. As of 2001, 15% of the 4,000,000 km2 Brazilian Amazon has been deforested [Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2003]; each year, agricultural exploitation claims an estimated 13,000 km2 of tropical forest [Achard et al., 2002]. In this paper we investigate the climatic effects caused by the observed change of the physical characteristics of the land surface (i.e., increased surface albedo, decreased root-zone depth, decreased surface roughness and decreased leaf-area index). More precisely, we examine the spatial correspondence of shallow cumulus clouds with deforestation. Through the creation of an 8-year record of thrice daily shallow cumulus cloud cover at 1 km resolution from multi-spectral satellite imagery, we quantitatively show the existence of a significant climatic shift in shallow cloudiness patterns associated with deforestation. This shift manifests itself as an enhancement of shallow cumuli over deforested patches, and has potentially important climatic, hydrologic and ecological implications.
Initial management and outcome of aortic endograft limb occlusion

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in outcome related to initial management of aortic endograft limb occlusion (ELO). Methods During a 7-year period, 823 endovascular aneurysm repairs (EVARs) resulted in 25 ELOs in 22 patients. The initial management and outcome of these ELOs were reviewed. Median follow-up after ELO was 24.2 ± 16.8months. Results Initial EVARs included both unsupported unibody (n = 5) and supported modular (n = 17) devices. ELO was significantly more common in the unsupported unibody graft design ( P P P = NS). Of the 12 EVAs, there was 1 (8.3%) perioperative mortality with EVA and none with EB. EB failure was directly attributed to donor limb occlusion in 4 of 6 EVAs (67%), and when this occurred it resulted in bilateral lower extremity ischemia. Amputation was required in 2 of 12 (16.7%) EBsversus none of the 12 EVAs ( P = NS). EVA never resulted in graft dislodgement or endoleak but did identify an underlying treatable cause in 8 of 12 (67%). Conclusion Both EVA and EB are acceptable management strategies for ELO. The potential risk of graft dislodgement was not observed with an EVA. If EB is employed, assessment of the donor limb and treatment of any underlying lesions is advisable in an attempt to minimize future donor limb occlusion.
Change Scores and Regression Suppressor Conditions

The concept of change, growth or discrepancy scores continues to persist in spite of documented statistical and measurement deficiencies. Recent writings support the continued use of change scores by identifying specific conditions where raw change scores have high predictive validity potential. The present paper expands the discussion of change score methodology by relating the concept of change to suppressor variable conditions in a least square regression model. The domain of conditions necessary for a weighted changed score composite to emerge as an underlying construct is mapped and the information loss through arbitrary assignment of weights to a change composite is explored.
Neural associations of the substantia innominata in the rat: Afferent connections

The afferent connections of the substantia innominata (SI) in the rat were determined employing the anterograde axonal transport of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) and the retrograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP), in combination with histochemical procedures to characterize the neuropil of the SI and identify cholinergic cells. Both neurochemical and connectional data establish that the SI is organized into a dorsal and a ventral division. Each of these divisions is strongly affiliated with a different region of the amygdala, and, together with its amygdalar affiliate, forms part of one of two largely distinct constellations of interconnected forebrain and brainstem cell groups. The dorsal SI receives selective innervation from the lateral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the central and basolateral nuclei of the amygdala, the fundus of the striatum, distinctive perifornical and caudolateral zones of the lateral hypothalamus, and caudal brainstem structures including the dorsal raphe nucleus, parabrachial nucleus, and nucleus of the solitary tract. Projections preferentially directed to the ventral SI arise from the medial part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the rostral two-thirds of the medial nucleus of the amygdala, a large region of the rat amygdala that lies ventral to the central nucleus, the medial preoptic area, anterior hypothalamus, medialmost lateral hypothalamus, and the ventromedial hypothalamus. Both SI divisions appear to receive afferents from the dorsomedial and posterior hypothalamus, supramammillary region, ventral tegmental area, and the peripeduncular area of the midbrain. Projections to the SI whose selectivity was not determined originate from medial prefrontal, insular, perirhinal, and entorhinal cortex and from midline thalamic nuclei. Findings from both PHA-L and WGA-HRP experiments additionally indicate that cell groups preferentially innervating a single SI division maintain numerous projections to one another, thus forming a tightly linked assembly of structures. In the rat, cholinergic neurons that are scattered throughout the SI and in parts of the globus pallidus make up a cell population equivalent to the primate basal nucleus of Meynert (Mesulam et al.: Neuroscience 10:1185-1201, '83). PHA-L-filled axons, labelled from lectin deposits in the dorsal raphe nucleus, peripeduncular area, ventral tegmental area, or caudomedial hypothalamus were occasionally seen to approach individual cholinergic neurons int he SI, and to contact the surface of such cells with axonal varicosities (putative synaptic boutons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Analysis Of Roller-induced Residual Stresses In Bandsaw Plates

Abstract The wide bandsaw plate is often initially stressed by "roll-tensioning" to improve cutting performance. Despite the critical importance of this process to practice, a quantitative understanding of the relationship between the "roll-tensioning" and the plate performance improvement is not available principally because the residual stresses generated in the roll-tensioning process are unknown. This paper predicts the approximate residual stress state induced in the bandsaw plate by the longitudinal plastic deformation generated by "roll-tensioning", given the number and location of each rolling track and the magnitude of longitudinal plastic strain in each rolling track. In the case of incremental indentation of the plate by rolling with spherical rollers, the longitudinal plastic deformation in each track, and consequently the residual stress state of the plate can be predicted by measuring the indentation profile of each rolling track.