cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Slider Bearing Performance with a Non-Newtonian Lubricant

An analytical method is developed for treating the flow of a non-Newtonian lubricant in a slider bearing. The difference between this treatment and earlier ones is in the type of constitutive equation used. This one satisfies the invariant conditions and is applicable to both pseudoplastic and dilotant fluids. The pressure distribution, oil flow, and friction force and load-carrying capacity are calculated, and the results are compared with the corresponding ones for a Newtonian fluid. Presented as an American Society of Lubrication Engineers paper at the Lubrication Conference held in Washington, D. C., October 13–16, 1964.
Effect of Low pH on Survival of Brook Trout Embryos and Yolk‐Sac Larvae in West Virginia Streams

Abstract We assessed survival of wild and domestic strains of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis embryos and yolk-sac larvae in two acidic streams, Little Laurel Run (pH 5.0–5.8) and Little Laurel Creek (pH 4.7–5.4), and a reference stream, Roaring Creek (pH 6.1–7.2), in northern West Virginia from October 1983 to May 1984. Preliminary population surveys suggested that reproductive failure due to low pH had occurred in Little Laurel Run and Little Laurel Creek. Survival rates for all developmental stages, from embryo to yolk-sac larvae, were highest at Roaring Creek and lowest at Little Laurel Creek. Survival was lowest during the hatching period at Little Laurel Run and Little Laurel Creek, where the time to the onset of hatching was less and the hatching and yolk-sac periods were greater than in Roaring Creek. In Little Laurel Run, survival after hatching was lower for the wild strain than for the domestic strain. This may have been due to extension of the hatching period for the wild strain caused by co...
Use of programmed multilayer defects in validating a defect compensation strategy for EUV lithography

We propose the use of optical proximity correction on absorber features to compensate for the effect of sub-resolution multilayer defects that would otherwise induce a critical error in linewidth. A series of defect printability and compensation experiments utilizing programmed multilayer defects are presented which demonstrate this approach. The amount of absorber removal for defect compensation depends on system imaging performance and the quality of the absorber removal process. A process flow for the mask fabrication, defect characterization and compensation is presented.
Planned giving: preparing for the future

Purpose – The purpose of this essay is to provide suggestions for raising funds for libraries through planned giving.Design/methodology/approach – The paper discusses and gives examples of planned giving to support libraries.Findings – It is suggested that as donors mature in their careers and reach peak earning potential, estate planning becomes a priority and library support can become an opportunity.Originality/value – The value of this paper is in its presentation of examples and strategies for raising awareness of planned giving as one way to support libraries.
Developments in Avian Influenza Virus Vaccines

The serologically diverse influenza A viruses, although transmissible among various susceptible species, mostly infect avian species. Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are also notorious for adapting to mammalian species, including humans. Although eradication of commercial birds infected with AIV is the preferred method of control, the ever presence of potential avian migratory, reservoir species makes worldwide spread inevitable and vaccine development a high priority for poultry. Live, attenuated vaccine strategies are of concern because of the potential of AIV to mutate, through point mutations and/or reassortment of their segmented genome. Both live and the safer, killed vaccines are of concern because of competition of natural and vaccine antigens in critical diagnostic assays. Subunit vaccines, which allow for protein distinction for diagnostic purposes, may consist of purified AIV protein or genes that encode individual viral proteins. Most vaccines have targeted the virus hemagglutinin protein, which is responsible for induction of the most effective neutralizing antibodies. Gene vaccines that include plasmid DNA and viral vector delivery of AIV genes allow for endogenous in vivo amplification of protein within cells. While fowlpox virus vectors have been licensed and proven to be efficacious even in field situations, other viral vectors that target the respiratory tract are in experimental development with promising practical application for poultry. Maximum exploitation of vectored vaccines may incorporate enhancing immune molecules.
Plasticity associated changes in cortical somatosensory evoked potentials following spinal cord injury in rats

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes a number of physiological and neurological changes resulting in loss of sensorimotor function. Recent work has shown that the central nervous system is capable of plastic behaviors post-injury, including axonal regrowth and cortical remapping. Functional integrity of afferent sensory pathways can be quantified using cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) recorded upon peripheral limb stimulation. We implanted 15 rats with transcranial screw electrodes and recorded SSEPs from cortical regions corresponding to each limb before and after a mild or moderate contusion injury. We report a post-injury increase in the mean amplitude of cortical SSEPs upon forelimb stimulation. SSEP amplitudes for mild and moderate SCI groups increased by 183%±95% and 107%±38% over baseline, respectively, while hindlimb SSEPs decreased by 58%±14% and 79%±4%. In addition, we report increased SSEP amplitude measured from the anatomically adjacent hindlimb region upon forelimb stimulation (increase of 90%±19%). Our results show that previously allocated hindlimb cortical regions are now activated by forelimb stimulation, suggesting an expansion in the area of cortical forelimb representation into hindlimb regions after an injury. This result is indicative of adaptive plasticity in undamaged areas of the CNS following SCI.
Conservation and divergence of plant microRNA genes

MicroRNA (miRNA) is one class of newly identified, small, non-coding RNAs that play versatile and important roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation. All miRNAs have similar secondary hairpin structures; many of these are evolutionarily conserved. This suggests a powerful approach to predict the existence of new miRNA orthologs or homologs in other species. We developed a comprehensive strategy to identify new miRNA homologs by mining the repository of available ESTs. A total of 481 miRNAs, belonging to 37 miRNA families in 71 different plant species, were identified from more than 6 million EST sequences in plants. The potential targets of the EST-predicted miRNAs were also elucidated from the EST and protein databases, providing additional evidence for the real existence of these miRNAs in the given plant species. Some plant miRNAs were physically clustered together, suggesting that these miRNAs have similar gene expression patterns and are transcribed together as a polycistron, as observed among animal miRNAs. The uracil nucleotide is dominant in the first position of 5' mature miRNAs. Our results indicate that many miRNA families are evolutionarily conserved across all major lineages of plants, including mosses, gymnosperms, monocots and eudicots. Additionally, the number of miRNAs discovered was directly related to the number of available ESTs and not to evolutionary relatedness to Arabidopsis thaliana, indicating that miRNAs are conserved and little phylogenetic signal exists in the presence or absence of these miRNAs. Regulation of gene expression by miRNAs appears to have existed at the earliest stages of plant evolution and has been tightly constrained (functionally) for more than 425 million years.
Cu impurity in insulators and in metal-insulator-metal structures: Implications for resistance-switching random access memories

We present numerical results from atomistic simulations of Cu in SiO2 and Al2O3, with an emphasis on the thermodynamic, kinetic, and electronic properties. The calculated properties of Cu impurity at various concentrations (9.91 × 1020 cm−3 and 3.41 × 1022 cm−3) in bulk oxides are presented. The metal-insulator interfaces result in up to a ∼4 eV reduction in the formation energies relative to the crystalline bulk. Additionally, the importance of Cu-Cu interaction in lowering the chemical potential is introduced. These concepts are then discussed in the context of formation and stability of localized conductive paths in resistance-switching Random Access Memories (RRAM-M). The electronic density of states and non-equilibrium transmission through these localized paths are studied, confirming conduction by showing three orders of magnitude increase in the electron transmission. The dynamic behavior of the conductive paths is investigated with atomistic drift-diffusion calculations. Finally, the paper concludes with a molecular dynamics simulation of a RRAM-M cell that attempts to combine the aforementioned phenomena in one self-consistent model.
Myxoma attached solely to the tricuspid valve.

Abstract Valvular cardiac myxoma is rare. We report a patient with a large myxoma arising from the tricuspid valve.
Kinematic, Dynamic, and Thermodynamic Analysis of a Weakly Sheared Severe Thunderstorm over Northern Alabama

Abstract A kinematic, dynamic, and thermodynamic analysis of a weakly sheared, airmass thunderstorm observed over northern Alabama is presented. Most notable is the fact that the dominant cell in this storm closely resembles the Byers and Braham model for warm-based, airmass storms. Several phenomena never documented for this storm-type are discussed. One of these is a strong and deep downdraft observed at midlevels with an associated “weak-echo” trench. Its origin appears to be related to a wake entrainment process. A midlevel inflow which causes a visible constriction in the storm cloud is also observed. This inflow results in a division of the thermal buoyancy into two maxima in the vertical: one associated with the precipitation core and the other with strong positive vertical motions in the growing cumulus turret. In addition, a downdraft separate from that seen at midlevels develops at low levels and causes a microburst outflow at the surface. This downdraft appears to be initiated by precipitation ...
Mitochondria as a Drug Target in Ischemic Heart Disease and Cardiomyopathy

Ischemic heart disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Western society. Although interventions, such as thrombolysis and percutaneous coronary intervention, have proven efficacious in ischemia and reperfusion injury, the underlying pathological process of ischemic heart disease, laboratory studies suggest further protection is possible, and an expansive research effort is aimed at bringing new therapeutic options to the clinic. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of ischemia and reperfusion injury and cardiomyopathy. However, despite promising mitochondria-targeted drugs emerging from the laboratory, very few have successfully completed clinical trials. As such, the mitochondrion is a potential untapped target for new ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy therapies. Notably, there are a number of overlapping therapies for both these diseases, and as such novel therapeutic options for one condition may find use in the other. This review summarizes efforts to date in targeting mitochondria for ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy therapy and outlines emerging drug targets in this field.
Forensic course development: one year later

In a paper presented in 2003, Forensic Course Development, the authors described the procedures and rationale used for the development of an undergraduate and a graduate computer and network forensic course at Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT). After the undergraduate course was taught in the spring quarter of 2003, the contents of the lecture and lab materials, outcomes of the course, and student feedback were reviewed. This feedback will help improve both the instructional materials and their delivery.This paper's focus is on the development of the computer and network forensic course, as well as the changes made during the review process to improve the computer and network forensic course.
Human resource development: An underutilized tool of state mental health administration

Evidence from federally mandated plans suggests that state mental health administrators have not fully utilized human resource development as a management tool. The importance of human resource development interventions used in collaboration with other management strategies is discussed as an effective approach to mental health system development.
Assessing the services for children with ADHD: Gaps and opportunities

Dramatic increases in the number of new cases of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the subsequent increases in the use of stimulant medications, especially methylphenidate, have fueled public and professional concern about the adequacy and appropriateness of the services that hyperactive/inattentive children receive. This literature review examines the current research on the nature of services that children and adolescents with ADHD receive, particularly in school and medical settings. Research on the factors leading to identification and the assessment and treatment practices is reviewed. In general, although progress has been made in professional understanding of ADHD, and a variety of effective school-based, medical, and psychosocial interventions exist, serious concerns persist regarding the adequacy of the assessment process and the minimal integration of disciplines to provide comprehensive, multi-modal treatments. Implications for research, practice, and policy are discussed. Fin...
A portable volume/flow calibrating syringe.

Two samples of a manual 3 L calibrating syringe which displays an electronically calculated FEF25-75% were evaluated to determine its suitability as a flow calibrator were evaluated. Room air was discharged into a manual spirometer system known to be accurate. The calibrator-determined values correlated very closely with the spirometer values over an FEF25-75% range of 0.4 to 9 L/sec. The differences between calibrator and spirometer FEF25-75% values were small (mean± 1 percent, greatest 3.7 percent) and of little importance clinically. This portable, simple to operate calibrating syringe provides accurate FEF25-75% and volume values. By adding flow calibrating capability to a recommended standard volume calibrating syringe, it will facilitate the routine calibration of spirometers in the laboratory and in the field. Since it uses displaced air, it can be used at altitude and with flow measuring instruments without the correction required for calibrators using CO 2 cartridges.
Gestures and Acclamations in Ancient Rome

(2000). Gestures and Acclamations in Ancient Rome. History: Reviews of New Books: Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 86-87.
Some Christian Reminders for the Statesman

A statesman's responsibility to act morally while remaining politically fastidious is a primary difficulty in international relations. Theories that provide definitive guidance for political morality are often viewed with suspicion and considered unrealistic. Coll, in opposition to this dismissive approach, sees in the Christian worldview three core values that can be used to discern moral political actions: the importance of history, the ubiquity of tragedy, and practical wisdom. Coll explicates the Christian tradition that informs each of these values and considers their pertinence in international relations today. He goes on to extract some general prescriptions for foreign policy, showing that these core values speak to military action, immigration, foreign aid, and the environment.
Employee empowerment, action research and organizational change: a case study

This article summarizes the results of a project designed and implemented by a cross-sectional design team of employees of a local government agency. We compare the project design to criteria associated with employee empowerment programs and action research models. Finally, we compare the outcomes of the project with important components of employee empowerment. The purpose of this article is to highlight how one such project was implemented in a field setting, and review what was learned by the participants regarding how management and employees can work more effectively together on issues of strategic importance to the organization. Both the process and the outcomes of this project illustrate important lessons with implications for future research and practice in this area.
Antiestrogenic effects of LY 117018 in MCF-7 cells.

LY 117018 is a nonsteroidal compound which has been shown to antagonize more effectively than tamoxifen the effects of estradiol in rats and mice. We have further defined the properties of this compound on cell growth and progesteronereceptor (PR) induction and have compared inhibitory effects to relative binding affinity in a human breast cancer cell line. In MCF-7 cells, LY 117018 [(6-hydroxy-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-benzo(b)thien-3-yl-p-(2-(pyrrolidinyl)ethoxy phenyl ketone]is devoid of estrogenic effects, has a greater affinity for the estrogen receptor (ER) than tamoxifen at 4 C, and is 100–1000 times more potent than tamoxifen at inhibiting cell growth. While tamoxifen has been reported to induce PR, a purportedestrogen effect, the LY 117018 compound failed to induce PR using a broad range of concentrations. The direct antagonisticeffect of LY 117018 was demonstrated by the use of varying concentrations of LY 117018 and estradiol concomitantly. Weconclude that LY 117018 is a very effective antiestrogen d...
Study of primary cosmic ray alpha and proton energy spectra, geomagnetic cut-off energies and temporal variations

A new detector is described employing both a Cherenkov counter and a scintillation counter for measuring the cosmic-ray charge and energy spectrum. Alpha and proton energy spectra, alpha cut-off energies, and temporal variation obtained during a series ef Skyhook balloon flights are discussed. Five of the Skyhook flights reached an altitude greater than 114,000 feet. The alpha integral and differential energy spectrum data are tabulated and plotted. The alpha differential spectrum has a maximum in the vicinity of 325 Mev/nucleon and decreases at lower energies. The calculated cut-off energy for alpha particles at 55 deg was found to be 330 Mev/nucleon, in agreement with the data of Fowler et al. (A.C.)
Preparation and characterization of Al/Al2O3/Cu SIN tunnel junctions microfabricated with a full wafer process

We have developed a “full wafer” process for producting Al/Al2O3/Cu superconductor-insulator-normal (SIN) tunnel junctions for use as X-ray and phonon sensors. We describe microfabrication details and present I–V data.
Education, Jobs and Inequality: Functional and Conflict Models of Social Stratification in the United States.

This study examines two competing interpretations of the relation between formal education and the occupational structure, and the dynamics of social stratification in the United States. The techno-democratic model points to the rising requirements of technical skill for jobs and the pursuit of greater economic equality to explain the expansion of formal education. The class conflict model maintains that formal education has expanded in order to maintain the stability of work organizations and the class structure by imparting noncognitive characteristics encouraging existing social relationships. The findings suggest that: (1) The expansion of education cannot be explained by changing technical skill requirements of work. (2) While inequality in educational attainment has been reduced for the population as a whole and between whites and nonwhites, this has not led to a reduction of economic inequality. (3) The noncognitive attributes inculcated by schooling are rewarded in the occupational structure; this reflects employers' concern for social control within organizations. The major implication of this study is that the relationship between education, jobs, and social inequality can be better understood in terms of class structure rather than assumed differences in the characteristics (marginal productivity) of individuals who interact within the constraints of that structure. If a reduction of economic inequality is a policy objective, the focus of social policy should be on the structural determinants of inequality rather than on the education, training, or some other characteristic of individuals.
Peripheral intravenous myocardial contrast echocardiography using a 2% dodecafluoropentane emulsion: Identification of myocardial risk area and infarct size in the canine model of ischemia

Objectives. This study assessed the accuracy of 2% dodecafluoropentane (EchoGen), an intravenous echocardiographic contrast agent, in identifying myocardial area at risk and infarct size in the canine model of myocardial ischemia. Background. Myocardial contrast echocardiography allows determination of myocardial area at risk and infarct size but requires intracoronary injection in humans. The development of agents that can be delivered by peripheral intravenous injection could enable bedside myocardial contrast echocardiographic assessment of risk area, infarct size and reperfusion. Methods. Two protocols were used. Protocol 1 assessed the accuracy of myocardial contrast echocardiography using intravenous dodecafluoropentane in defining myocardial area at risk and infarct size in the canine model of regional myocardial ischemia versus gross pathologic specimens stained with monastral blue to determine area at risk and triphenyltetrazolium chloride to determine the area of necrosis. Protocol 2 assessed the effects of repeated injections of dodecafluoropentane (0.5 ml/kg body weight, four doses 30 min apart or eight doses 10 min apart) on myocardial blood How and hemodynamic variables. Results. Myocardial contrast echocardiography accurately defined area at risk and infarct size (r = 0.96 vs. triphenyltetrazolium chloride). Myocardial blood flow remained stable after multiple serial injections of dodecafluoropentane. However, a significant increase in pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, along with a decrease in arterial oxygen saturation and cardiac output, was seen in dogs that received eight injections at 10-min intervals. Conclusions. Myocardial contrast echocardiography using intravenous dodecafluoropentane accurately defined myocardial area at risk and infarct size. Hemodynamic variables and regional myocardial blood flows remained stable when dodecafluoropentane was injected at 30-min intervals for up to four doses; more frequent administration led to cardiopulmonary deterioration. Dodecafluoropentane offers the potential for reliable, noninvasive assessment of reperfusion after therapeutic interventions.
DNA containing the base analogue 2-aminoadenine: preparation, use as hybridization probes and cleavage by restriction endonucleases

The base analogue 2-aminoadenine (2,6-diaminopurine, D) has been introduced at selected positions into synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides and DNA by the combined use of chemical and enzymatic methods. 2-aminoadenine substitution for adenine introduces changes in the minor groove of DNA and creates an additional hydrogen bond in the Watson-Crick base pair with thymine. Oligonucleotide hybridization probes containing 2-aminoadenine showed increased selectivity and hybridization strength during DNA-DNA hybridization to phage or genomic target DNA. Properties of the base analogue with respect to DNA modifying enzymes were examined. 2-aminoadenine was used to probe minor groove determinants during the treatment of DNA by 12 restriction endonucleases. Inhibition of cleavage was found for several restriction enzymes.
cis-1,4-diaminocyclohexane-Pt(II) and -(IV) adducts with DNA bases and nucleosides.

Abstract A series of new platinum(II) and platinum(IV) adducts of type [P II ( cis- 1,4-DACH)LCl]NO 3, where cis -1,4-DACH= cis -1,4-diaminocyclohexane, and L=9-ethylguanine, 1-methylcytosine, adenine, adenosine, cytosine, cytidine, guanine, and [Pt IV ( cis -1,4-DACH)L trans -(X) 2 Cl]NO 3 , (where Y=hydroxo or acetato), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and 1 H and 195 Pt nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Thermal systems analysis for the Space Infrared Telescope Facility dewar

Thermal systems analysis models were used to design SFHe cooled dewar for the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF), a 1 m class cryogenically cooled observatory for IR astronomy. The models are capable of computing both the heat leaks into the dewar and the operating temperature of a SFHe tank. The models are aimed at predicting the ability of the SIRTF cryogenic system to satisfy a five-year mission lifetime requirement and maintain the SFHe tank operating temperature of 1.25 K to provide sufficient cooling for science instruments and the optical system. The thermal models are very detailed and very fast with a typical steady state run of about 20 sec on a VAX minicomputer.
Synthesis and characterization of uranium (VI) chloride flourides

Abstract Uranium (VI) chloride fluorides were synthesized by the reaction of liquid HCl and solid UF 6 between −80 and −114°C. These dark red compounds are unstable above −40 to −60°C. The simplest formulas derived from compositional analysis are UF 5 Cl and UF 4 Cl 2 .
Balloon atrial septostomy in pulmonary arterial hypertension: effect on survival and associated outcomes.

Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease that, without early identification and treatment, may lead to right heart failure, multi-organ dysfunction and early death. In severe PAH, in addition to maximal medical therapy, balloon atrial septostomy (BAS) may be used for palliation and as a bridge to lung transplantation. We present our contemporary institutional experience utilizing BAS in adult and pediatric patients with severe PAH. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 46 BASs performed in 32 patients with PAH from 2002 to 2013. Data obtained included vital status, functional class, medications, hemodynamic measurements from right heart catheterizations and biomarkers. Lung transplantation–free and repeat-BAS–free survival was analyzed. Results Median age at BAS was 23 (range 1 to 56) years. The most common indications were symptomatic right heart failure (21 of 46 patients) and pre-syncope/syncope (19 of 46 patients); 69% of patients were WHO Functional Class III or IV pre-BAS. There were no procedural complications or deaths. There were no significant differences in biomarkers or hemodynamic findings between pre-BAS and 1 year or latest follow-up. Seven patients were successfully bridged to lung transplantation. Lung transplantation–free and repeat-BAS–free survival at 30 days, 1 year and 5 years was 87%, 61% and 32%, respectively. Conclusions In our experienced center, BAS was shown to be safe in patients with severe PAH on maximal medical management, with no procedural deaths or complications. BAS was safely used as a bridge to lung transplantation or to alleviate right heart failure symptoms and/or syncope. Other potential benefits for end-organ function and overall survival remain to be determined.
Innovative design to enhance solids discharge from conical bottom ion-exchange columns. Part 1

An experimental investigation was carried out to study the impact of two retrofitting techniques on the flow pattern and rate of discharging solids from a conical screen hopper at the bottom of an ion-exchange column. The two retrofits were a double-pyramid insert and a throttling vertical tube attached to the outlet orifice. Part 1 [1] discussed the impact of the double-pyramid insert on converting the flow pattern in the conical screen hopper from funnel to mass flow. Part 2 shows that developing severe and sudden constriction at the outlet orifice, by utilizing throttling vertical tube, will raise the shear rate and magnify the interstitial drag effects. This will induce the solid particles to dilate in order to accommodate the shear thereby causing transition from packed bed to suspension flow regime. The dynamics of the flow transition may include a sudden collapse of the interface between the two flow regimes resulting in a significant increase in the mass flowrate. Cavitation is believed to occur under these circumstances resulting in an intensified transition. Furthermore, experimental results support the hypothesis that as the constriction increases, the flow switches to a regime with density waves (plugs) of constant velocity down the throttling vertical tube.
Pulmonary Microcalcifications Associated with Strongyloides stercoralis Infection

Diffuse alveolar deposits of calcium phosphate have been identified in the lungs of two prednisolone-treated beagles with chronic S stercoralis infection. Such lesions have not previously been described in dogs and have not been found in humans in association with either strongyloidiasis or prolonged steroid therapy. Sstercoralis infections in the industrialized world are frequently found in patients on maintenance regimens of corticosteroids. We suggest that the possibility that pulmonary calcifications represent an unsuspected complication in these patients should be investigated.
THE OPTIMAL SYSTEMATIC PROSTATE BIOPSY SCHEME SHOULD INCLUDE 8 RATHER THAN 6 BIOPSIES: RESULTS OF A PROSPECTIVE CLINICAL TRIAL

Purpose:: We define the optimal systematic biopsy regimen to detect carcinoma of the prostate.Materials and Methods:: A total of 483 consecutive patients referred for an abnormal digital rectal examination and/or prostate specific antigen (PSA) 4.0 ng./ml. or greater underwent transrectal ultrasound and systematic biopsy. Lateral biopsies of the peripheral zone at the base and mid gland were added to the routine sextant biopsy regimen for a total of 10 systematic biopsies of the peripheral zone. Patients with a prostate greater than 50 cc also underwent systematic sextant transition zone biopsy in the mid lobar parasagittal plane. Detection rates of the various regions were assessed. Various biopsy schemes were then created and cancer detection rates were compared using McNemar’s test.Results:: Of the patients 42% (202 of 483) had cancer on biopsy. Traditional sextant biopsies missed 20%, while a sextant regimen incorporating lateral peripheral zone biopsies of the mid gland and base along with the apex m...
Embryonic development of identified neurones: differentiation from neuroblast to neurone

Individually identified neurones are sufficiently large and accessible in grasshopper embryos to permit visualisation and impalement with intracellular microelectrodes from the time of their birth to their maturation. In this article part of the temporal pattern of differentiation from an identified neuroblast (precursor cell) to a group of identified neurones is described.
Computer training, present and future

Before beginning this discussion, I would like to make a few remarks concerning the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The Jet Propulsion Laboratory is responsible to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for unmanned missions in deep space. A worldwide tracking network encompasses Goldstone, California; Madrid, Spain; Johannesburg, South Africa; and Woomera and Tidbinbilla, Australia. In addition to the deep space missions, there are a great number of scientifically oriented projects throughout JPL. The Laboratory has approximately 4,100 employees, as well as some support contractor personnel.
Listening to the City: Oral History and Place in the Digital Era

This essay explores the development of a mobile interpretive project, Cleveland Historical, that draws on oral history theory and practice to emphasize aurality as a key element in digital (and esp...
Thinking about “Thinking about ‘Narrative Reasoning’”: A Rejoinder to Annie Davies

We appreciate Annie Davies's response to our article, and we are grateful for the opportunity to respond. Trying to make sense of the various uses of narrative in teacher education research is no small task, and much work still needs to be done. We hope that in some small way our reaction to Annie's piece will nudge this effort along. Annie begins by summarizing our article. She focuses primarily on one of the three narratives we present, the one structured by Kerrie being asked if she could slice up her career into phases or stages, which she could and did. The other two narratives contain a good deal of her life history, which Annie ignores. This is important because many of her concerns with the piece revolve around the one narrative and its place in our study, which is understandable given the amount of attention we give to it, but this decision in some ways distorts the piece and our intentions. In the abstract, we do state that our purpose is to draw lessons for teachers and teachereducation researchers, as she notes, but we also intended to do much
Fate of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-P-dioxin (TCDD) in an outdoor pond and in model aquatic ecosystems

Environmental fate of TCDD was studied in an aquatic ecosystem, using an outdoor pond which had been dosed initially with 53.7 ppt of14C-TCDD. The levels of radiocarbon reached an equilibrium in pondweeds after one month, in fish after two months and in the sediment after six months. Using the identical components from the outdoor pond, roughly comparable data were obtained in the laboratory for short-term distribution of radiocarbon. The largest source of variance and discrepancy between the outdoor and the laboratory data was pondweeds. This material produced the largest shift in biomass due to rapid growth and subsequent massive death, causing a drastic change in distribution of radiocarbon in the second year in the outdoor ecosystem. The amounts of the total TCDD remaining in the pond after 12 and 25 months were 49.7 and 29.4%, respectively. The bulk of metabolites was detected in water and pondweeds.
An expert system for construction contract claims

An expert system for claims guidance has been developed at US Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory. This paper describes the development of the first module of the Claims Guidance System (CGS)for analysing ‘differing site condition’ (DSC) claims. Also included is a selection of appropriate cases and a sample consultation.
Embedding JIT in MRP: The case of job shops

Abstract The philosophy and principles needed to institute JIT in any system, including a job shop, are described. A simulation model is developed using a benchmark job shop to study using a pull system in a job shop having variations in processing times, load levels, and machine breakdowns. It is inferred from simulation that JIT can be implemented if certain conditions are met. Processing time variations did not pose a serious impediment, but load levels and machine breakdowns were critical factors. With uneven loading, the resulting capacity bottlenecks make the pull system look like a push system. This can be avoided by processing a uniform mix of jobs to not violate workstation capacity limitations. If machine breakdowns are unavoidable, maintenance of buffer capacity is essential.
Interhabitat differences in energy acquisition and expenditure in a lizard

Cnemidophorus hyperythrus, a small (approx. =4-g) teiid lizard, occurs along an elevational thorn scrub - thorn woodland - thorn forest habitat gradient in the cape region of Baja California. Body size, daily energy expenditure (DEE, measured with doubly labeled water), relative feeding rate (as reflected by H/sub 2/O influx rate), behavior, and abundance of this species at two sites along the gradient were compared. At the inland thorn woodland site C. hyperythrus were more abundant (approx. =100 lizards/ha) than at the thorn scrub site near the ocean (approx. =50 lizards/ha). Mean body mass of woodland site lizards was 13% greater than that of scrub lizards. The DEE of the thorn woodland lizards, 330 J x g/sup -1/ x d/sup -1/,> and their H/sub 2/O influx, 99 mm/sup 3/ x g/sup -1/ x d/sup -1/, were also higher than the thorn scrub lizards', 219 J x g/sup -1/ x d/sup -1/ and 52 mm/sup 3/ x g/sup -1/ x d/sup -1/. Diets at the two sites were similar. There were no differences between sexes in diet, DEE, or H/sub 2/O influx. Daily maintenance energy costs were calculated based upon laboratory measures of O/sub 2/ consumption of resting lizards at a seriesmore » of temperatures that represented the daily range of body temperatures experienced by lizards in the field. Activity costs (=DEE minus maintenance) were three times higher in the woodland lizards. Behavioral observations showed that woodland lizards were active most of the day (approx. =9 h/d) whereas scrub lizards were active primarily in the morning (approx. =3.5 h/d). Thus, the higher activity cost, DEE, and feeding rate of woodland lizards can be explained by their longer daily activity period. Causal factors for the difference in daily activity period are suggested, and implications of length of daily foraging period for adult body, size, population density, and various life history parameters of lizards are discussed.« less
Shwartzman studies in rabbits conducted in the absence of the kidneys

Abstract Rabbits were exposed to E. coli endotoxin following ablation of both kidneys. The extrarenal manifestations of the traditional Shwartzman reaction were identical in the nephrectomized and in the intact animals exposed to endotoxin. Nephrectomized rabbits also exhibited local dermal necrosis at the site of injection and the production of heparin-cold precipitable plasma fraction following endotoxemia. The resemblance of the extrarenal histological changes to changes seen in human patients is discussed.
The Effect of Scrim Material on the Elasticity of Adhesives Under Bond-Normal Tension

Abstract An essential ingredient in the stress analysis of bonded joints and the estimation of potential failure occurrence are the (thermo) mechanical properties of the adherends and of the adhesive. These properties are universally determined through standard engineering tests on uniaxial tensile coupons.
Possibilities for cross-fertilization between interpretive approaches and other methods for analyzing information systems

This paper explores possibilities for cross-fertilization between interpretive approaches and other approaches for performing the initial analysis of an information system as part of an effort to redesign and improve it. The paper presents a hypothetical situation concerning the analysis of a loan approval system in a large bank. It assumes that ethnographers observed three systems analysis projects that applied different approaches in three identical banks. It uses hypothetical accounts of the three analysis efforts to propose likely differences in the process and in the results. These differences illustrate possible opportunities for cross-fertilization that might make each approach more powerful and reliable. The paper concludes that the most likely direction for cross-fertilization is from interpretive approaches to the other approaches. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the First International Workshop on Interpretive Approaches to Information Systems and Computing Research, SIG-IAM, Brunel University, July 25-27, 2002, to motivate discussion about the applications, strengths, and limitations of interpretive approaches and to help in the further development of systems analysis methods.
Effects of extrauterine maturation on blood and urine chemical values of the premature infant

The effects of maturation on various blood and urine chemical values in 22 premature infants were studied during the first 20 to 25 days of life. There are significant changes in the blood chemical values of premature infants during the first 3 to 4 weeks of life. The ultramicrochemical techniques employed provide a reliable and useful means by which small premature infants may be studied in a longitudinal manner.
1H, 13C, 15N backbone and side chain NMR resonance assignments of the N-terminal NEAr iron transporter domain 1 (NEAT 1) of the hemoglobin receptor IsdB of Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that causes skin and severe infections in mammals. Critical to S. aureus growth is its ability to scavenge iron from host cells. To this effect, S. aureus has evolved a sophisticated pathway to acquire heme from hemoglobin (Hb) as a preferred iron source. The pathway is comprised of nine iron-regulated surface determinant (Isd) proteins involved in heme capture, transport, and degradation. A key protein of the heme acquisition pathway is the surface-anchored hemoglobin receptor protein IsdB, which is comprised of two NEAr transporter (NEAT) domains that act in concert to bind Hb and extract heme for subsequent transfer to downstream acquisition pathway proteins. Despite significant advances in the structural knowledge of other Isd proteins, the structural mechanisms and molecular basis of the IsdB-mediated heme acquisition process are not well understood. In order to provide more insights into the mode of function of IsdB, we have initiated NMR structural studies of the first NEAT domain of IsdB (IsdBN1). Herein, we report the near complete 1H, 13C and 15N resonance assignments of backbone and side chain atoms, and the secondary structural topology of the 148-residue IsdB NEAT 1 domain. The NMR results are consistent with the presence of eight β-strands and one α-helix characteristic of an immunoglobulin-like fold observed in other NEAT domain family proteins. This work provides a solid framework to obtain atomic-level insights toward understanding how IsdB mediates IsdB-Hb protein–protein interactions critical for heme capture and transfer.
IMPACT OF EXPORT GROWTH EXPECTATIONS ON SMALLER FIRMS

This article reports the findings of a survey of export attitudes and behavior of small‐ and medium‐sized U.S. manufacturing firms. Companies are differentiated according to their growth expectations and the behaviors of firms that have export growth expectations are compared to the behavior of firms that do not anticipate export growth. The authors suggest that the export growth expectations of a firm shape its behavior in terms of contact activities and its perceptions of export problems. Recommendations are made regarding the use and helpfulness of outside information sources.
Psychosocial functioning and physical symptoms in heart failure patients: a within-individual approach.

Abstract Objective Heart failure (HF) markedly diminishes an individual's quality of life. However, little is known about how psychosocial functioning is related to heart failure physical symptom expression (e.g., chest pain or heaviness, shortness of breath) on a day-to-day basis. Methods Fifty-eight HF patients completed daily diaries that evaluated mood, social support, coping, and physical symptoms for 2 weeks. Results After being prewhitened for serial dependencies, the data were entered into regression analyses to determine the concurrent and lagged relationships among them. Significant concurrent relationships were obtained between physical symptoms and depression, social conflict, positive and negative mood, and symptom-focused coping. Furthermore, negative mood and distraction coping predicted greater physical symptoms the next day, while action/acceptance coping predicted fewer physical symptoms the next day. Conclusion Our data provide evidence for an association between daily psychosocial functioning and HF physical symptoms. Implications for research and clinical work with HF patients are discussed.
Biotransformation of mixtures of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons by an acetate-grown methanogenic enrichment culture

Abstract Biotransformation of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons under anaerobic conditions has received considerable attention due to the prevalence of these compounds as groundwater contaminants. However, information concerning the impact of mixtures of chlorinated compounds on their own transformation is limited. The focus of this research was to investigate the effect of combinations of chlorinated aliphatics on transformation rates and the role of toxicity to a methanogenic enrichment culture. Batch studies using combinations of carbon tetrachloride (CT), perchloroethene (PCE) and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA) were performed with acetate as the electron donor. CT was transformed most rapidly, followed by 1,1,1-TCA and PCE. Rate coefficients for the transformation of 1,1,1-TCA and CT were significantly lower when the concentration of either compound was increased. PCE transformation was limited, and its presence did not significantly impact degradation of CT or 1,1,1-TCA. In once-fed batch reactors used to assess the potential for toxicity, a transformation limit was observed for both PCE (1.91±0.21 μg of PCE per mg of cells) and 1,1,1-TCA (7.84±0.34 μg of 1,1,1-TCA per mg of cells) but not CT. The low observed limit of transformation for PCE, combined with its lack of effect on the transformation of the other two compounds, suggests that the number of PCE-degrading organisms in the mixed culture is low. Transformation of repeated CT spikes has been maintained for over 400 days without supplementation with acetate, indicating that inhibition, rather than potential inactivation, was responsible for the negative impact observed when CT is present in mixtures.
Line shapes of atomic-candle-type Rabi resonances

When atoms interact with a phase-modulated field, the probability of finding the atom in the excited-state oscillates at the second harmonic of the modulation frequency, $2{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{m}.$ The amplitude of this oscillating probability is a resonant function of the Rabi frequency \ensuremath{\Omega}, and this is termed a \ensuremath{\beta} Rabi resonance. In this work, we examine the line shape of the \ensuremath{\beta} Rabi resonance both theoretically and experimentally. We find that a small-signal theory of the \ensuremath{\beta}-Rabi-resonance condition captures much of the line shape's character, and, in particular, that the resonance's ``line Q'' (i.e., $2\ensuremath{\delta}{\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{1/2}/\ensuremath{\Omega})$ is proportional to the modulation frequency. This result can be applied to the atomic candle, where \ensuremath{\beta} Rabi resonances are employed to stabilize field strength. Considering our results in the context of developing an optical atomic candle, we find that a free-running diode laser's intensity noise could be improved by orders of magnitude using the atomic candle concept.
Therapy of intracranial hypertension in patients with fulminant hepatic failure.

Severe intracranial hypertension (IH) in the setting of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) carries a high mortality and is a challenging disease for the critical care provider. Despite considerable improvements in the understanding of the pathophysiology of cerebral edema during liver failure, therapeutic maneuvers that are currently available to treat this disease are limited. Orthotopic liver transplantation is currently the only definitive therapeutic strategy that improves outcomes in patients with FHF. However, many patients die prior to the availability of donor organs, often because of cerebral heniation. Currently, two important theories prevail in the understanding of the pathophysiology of IH during FHF. Ammonia and glutamine causes cytotoxic cerebral injury while cerebral vasodilation caused by loss of autoregulation increases intracranial pressure (ICP) and predisposes to herniation. Although ammonia-reducing strategies are limited in humans, modulation of cerebral blood flow seems promising, at least during the early stages of hepatic encephalopathy. ICP monitoring, transcranial Doppler, and jugular venous oximetry offer valuable information regarding intracranial dynamics. Induced hypothermia, hypertonic saline, propofol sedation, and indomethacin are some of the newer therapies that have been shown to improve survival in patients with severe IH. In this article, we review the pathophysiology of IH in patients with FHF and outline various therapeutic strategies currently available in managing these patients in the critical care setting.