cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Base composition studies on mitochondrial 4 S RNA from rat liver and Morris hepatomas 5123D and 7777.

Abstract The major and modified base composition of mitochondrial 4 S RNA from rat liver and from Morris hepatomas 5123D and 7777 has been determined for 16 constituents using a chemical tritium-derivative method. The base composition of these mitochondrial 4 S RNA preparations was compared with the base composition of cytoplasmic and bacterial ( Escherichia coli B and Bacillus subtilis ) 4-S RNAs. The results of these studies are: 1. 1. When compared with cytoplasmic 4 S RNA, the liver and hepatoma mitochondrial 4-S RNAs are characterized by high (A + U)/(G + C) ratios and low overall degrees of base methylation and modification. 2. 2. The mammalian mitochondrial 4-S RNAs are qualitatively even more different from the bacterial 4-S RNAs than from their cytoplasmic counterparts. Thus, several modified constituents found in both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial 4 S RNA are absent from the bacterial 4-S RNAs. 3. 3. Mitochondrial 4 S RNA from both hepatomas was found to be undermethylated and undermodified when compared with normal liver mitochondrial 4 S RNA. This trend is more pronounced for the rapidly growing hepatoma 7777 (i.e., 17% undermethylation) than for the more slowly growing hepatoma 5123D (i.e., 8% undermethylation). These findings are discussed in relationship to (1) results of other authors on composition of mitochondrial 4 S RNA, (2) special features of structure and biosynthesis of mitochondrial 4 S RNA, (3) the possible evolutionary origin of mitochondria and (4) the possible role played by aberrant mitochondrial 4 S RNA in altered mitochondrial protein synthesis in tumors.
Synthesis of MCM-48 by a Phase Transformation Process

The ordered mesoporous silicate MCM-48 has been produced from MCM-41 by a phase transformation method, which involves heating the silicate samples while they are still incompletely polymerized. Ethanol, produced by hydrolysis of the silicate source TEOS, plays a crucial role in the transformation process. In this report, we examine samples produced using various combinations of stirring and heating times with XRD and 29Si MAS NMR and draw conclusions regarding the reasons for the transformation.
Elder care and the dermatologic surgeon

Background. The elderly are an increasing percentage of the population and dermatologic surgeons will be caring for more senior citizens. Objective. Understanding issues in geriatric care will help both surgeons and patients have productive and rewarding encounters. Methods. Approaches to the care of elders are detailed in this article. Surgical tips for the senior patient are prescribed. Results. Older patients need more time and may need special assistance. Multiplicity of disease increases with age. A third-party interview can be helpful in gathering information. The elderly have sensory loss and benefit from extra attention, follow-up telephone calls, and therapeutic touch. Written handouts and instructions printed in large type are excellent. Dermatologic care should be kept as simple as possible with surgical closures designed to require minimal attention. Be cognizant of the social services available for the elderly and watch for dermatologic signs of internal disease. A skin care program for the elderly is helpful and cosmetic procedures are of interest to seniors. Conclusions. Dermatologic surgeons can provide excellent care to elders. An understanding of gerontologic issues and surgical tips can help the dermatologic surgeon care for the older patient.
Silver–bismuth oxide cathodes for IT-SOFCs; Part I — Microstructural instability

Abstract The long-term stability of composite electrodes consisting of silver and yttrium-stabilized bismuth oxide (Ag–YSB) or silver and erbium-stabilized bismuth oxide (Ag–ESB) has been examined in order to evaluate the potential of such systems for use as cathodes in low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The performance of these electrodes at 650 °C is initially among the best reported to date. However, the polarization resistance isothermally increases by more than 70% for Ag–YSB and nearly 70% for Ag–ESB, from 0.04 Ω cm to 0.07 Ω cm 2 and from 0.06 Ω cm 2 to 0.10 Ω cm 2 , respectively, after 100 h at 650 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) reveal no evidence of reactivity or interdiffusion between the silver and bismuth oxide phases. A pure silver electrode tested under the same conditions showed a near fourfold increase in ASR (from 0.92 Ω cm 2 to 3.55 Ω cm 2 ). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis reveals that the silver phase microstructure undergoes dramatic growth during this timeframe. This microstructural growth and consequent reduction in porosity is believed to diminish the cathodic reaction zone size and inhibit gas transport, thus resulting in the observed rise in polarization.
Institutions and Worldviews in Indian Foreign Security Policy

This article explores the intersection of strategic worldviews and domestic institutions in the creation of India's foreign policy.We first show that Indian electoral politics have weak links with foreign policy. Insulated bureaucracies and small groups of elites dominate policy making because most elected officials are focused on winning votes and building coalitions around other issues. The ideas of the strategic elite are thus very important. We then identify major strands of thought among these elites: specifically, the desire for autonomy, distance from alliances, and skepticism of binding international commitments. Though there is heterogeneity, these basic elements can be found across much of the political spectrum. This continuity, despite changes over time in international and domestic politics, suggests that India will continue to pursue freedom of action rather than becoming a close ally of the United States.
Applying Active Learning Methods to the Design of Library Instruction for a Freshman Seminar

Active learning methods were employed in designing library instruction for an experimental freshman seminar at California State University-San Bernardino. Rather than rely on the traditional lecture/demonstration format, the centerpiece of the ninety-minute “one-shot” sessions was a small-group, self-guided exercise focusing on the library’s online system. As a prelude to the hands-on exercise, students participated in class discussions on the importance of information literacy. Opportunities for individual instruction also were provided. Student, librarian, and faculty evaluations of the sessions were favorable.
Estimating the aspect layout of object categories

In this work we seek to move away from the traditional paradigm for 2D object recognition whereby objects are identified in the image as 2D bounding boxes. We focus instead on: i) detecting objects; ii) identifying their 3D poses; iii) characterizing the geometrical and topological properties of the objects in terms of their aspect configurations in 3D. We call such characterization an object's aspect layout (see Fig. 1). We propose a new model for solving these problems in a joint fashion from a single image for object categories. Our model is constructed upon a novel framework based on conditional random fields with maximal margin parameter estimation. Extensive experiments are conducted to evaluate our model's performance in determining object pose and layout from images. We achieve superior viewpoint accuracy results on three public datasets and show extensive quantitative analysis to demonstrate the ability of accurately recovering the aspect layout of objects.
Timing of scheduled cesarean delivery in patients on a teaching versus private service: Adherence to American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines and neonatal outcomes

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare adherence to American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines for the timing of scheduled cesarean delivery in patients of a resident teaching service and patients of a private service to determine the neonatal intensive care unit admission rate and the most frequent admission diagnoses after scheduled cesarean delivery and to compare neonatal outcomes between the groups. Study design A retrospective cohort was reviewed by medical record at a tertiary care center. The cases of 609 patients who were delivered by scheduled cesarean delivery were reviewed, and 296 patients were included. Data regarding demographics, dating, delivery, and outcome were collected and compared with the use of statistical software. Results Significant differences were noted between patients of a teaching service and patients of a private service, with respect to patient age (26.9 vs 30.7 years; P 2 ; P = .030), race (40.4% white patients in resident teaching services vs 86.0% white patients in private services; P P = .013), and adherence to American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines for the timing of elective delivery (96.3% vs 62%; P Conclusion The overall neonatal intensive care unit admission rate after scheduled cesarean delivery in this study is consistent with that reported in the neonatology literature. Patients of a teaching service were a demographically different group than those on the private service, were less likely to get an elective primary cesarean delivery, and were more likely to be delivered in adherence to American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines, although this did not significantly affect the rates of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit or neonatal outcome.
Desensitization of 5-HT1A autoreceptors by chronic administration of 8-OH-DPAT.

The function of 5-HT1A autoreceptors was examined by measuring the ability of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT to reduce 5-HT release in the striatum using in vivo microdialysis. 8-OH-DPAT reduced the release of 5-HT in the striatum. Chronic treatment with 8-OH-DPAT (1.0 mg/kg s.c.) for 7 days, but not 1 day, attenuated the effect of an acute challenge dose of 8-OH-DPAT. The results of the present study indicate that in vivo microdialysis can be used to study the effects of activation of 5-HT1A autoreceptors on 5-HT release and the regulation of 5-HT release by chronic administration of psychoactive drugs.
The Nativist Movement in America: Religious Conflict in the Nineteenth Century

Teachers have been waiting for an updated compendium on early American nativism to use in their undergraduate U.S. history courses since the publication of Ira M. Leonard and Robert D. Parmet's 197...
Absence of growth hormone-induced avian muscle growth in vivo

Growth hormone (GH) clearly has the potential to dramatically enhance skeletal muscle accretion in red meat animals such as swine. It is generally accepted that this anabolic effect is mediated by insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), a potent stimulator of proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells that are important for myofiber hypertrophy and for regeneration in postnatal muscle tissue. All available evidence suggests that the capacity for IGF-I-mediated actions of GH on avian myogenic cells is intact, and recent evidence is accumulating that GH may even have direct effects on avian skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation and differentiation. However, with little exception, exogenous GH does not improve skeletal muscle mass, carcass protein, or any measure of muscle anabolism in domestic poultry. A primary lesion would appear to be the inability of GH to induce significant increases in circulating IGF-I concentrations in sexually immature, growing poultry. This is the case despite clear evidence of GH binding to hepatic receptors, GH-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), and GH-induced expression of hepatic IGF-I mRNA and protein. Factors that should be explored with respect to this apparent discrepancy are discussed, including the regulation of IGF-I release, uptake, and interaction with cell-associated IGF binding proteins or receptors. In addition to its growth-promoting effects via IGF-I, GH has direct metabolic effects that are expressed as changes in circulating regulatory hormone and metabolite concentrations. The possibility that such changes may influence IGF-I release and action is also proposed.
Common Emitter Current Gain >1 in III-N Hot Electron Transistors With 7-nm GaN/InGaN Base

Current gain is demonstrated in III-N hot electron transistors (HETs) for the first time using base current controlled common emitter characteristics. The emitter and collector barriers ( $\phi _{\mathrm {BE}}$ and $\phi _{\mathrm {BC}})$ are implemented using AlN and In0.1Ga0.9N layers as polarization-dipoles, respectively. The entire structure is grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Current gain is observed when the base thickness is reduced from 13 to 7 nm. Ohmic contacts to the base 2-D electron gas (2DEG) are achieved using a BCl3/SF6 etch to remove the emitter and selectively stop on the AlN. Subsequent metallization results in a tunnel contact from the metal to the base 2DEG across the thin AlN layer. This dual purpose served by the AlN layer is shown to be critical for achieving scaled base and current gain in III-N HETs.
Unsuspected malignant pericardial effusion causing cardiac tamponade. Rapid diagnosis by computed tomography.

We report a patient in whom the diagnosis of cardiac tamponade due to cancer was first suggested by computed tomography (CT). Because rapid diagnosis and correct treatment of cardiac tamponade improve results, we present helpful radiographic details which should increase awareness of this entity.
Selective IgM deficiency and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

Background The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a common chromosomal disorder with highly variable phenotypic expression and immunologic defects. Humoral immunity is mostly unaffected, but selective IgA deficiency occurs in up to 13% of patients. Selective IgM deficiency associated with 22q11.2 deletion has been reported in 1 patient. Objective To describe another 2 patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and IgM deficiency. Methods Patient 1 was a 6-year-old boy with recurrent otitis media, sinopulmonary infections, wheezing, and speech delay. His serum IgM level was 18 mg/dL, and his IgA and IgG levels were normal. Antibody titers to protein and carbohydrate antigens were protective. Workup for velopharyngeal insufficiency resulted in the diagnosis of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome 3 years later. Patient 2 was a 14-year-old girl diagnosed as having 22q11.2 deletion at 9 years of age after presenting with neonatal seizures, atrial and ventricular septal defects, recurrent otitis media, mental retardation, and asthma. Her serum IgM level was 11 mg/dL, with normal IgG and IgA levels. Antibody titers to protein and carbohydrate antigens were protective. Patient 3 was a previously described 15-year-old girl with persistently draining ears, 22q11.2 deletion, and an IgM level less than 6 mg/dL. Her clinical and laboratory features are summarized. Results Results of further testing on the patients, including lymphocyte enumeration, were normal. The literature is reviewed regarding decreased IgM levels in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Conclusions Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis for chromosome 22q11.2 deletion should be considered in patients with selective IgM deficiency, especially if concurrent chronic otitis media, developmental delay, velopharyngeal insufficiency, or dysmorphic features are present.
Ground- and Excited-State Properties of the Mixed-Valence Complex [(NH3)5RuIIINCRuII(CN)5]−

A computational study of the ground- and excited-state properties of the mixed-valence complex [(NH3)5RuIIINCRuII(CN)5]− is presented. Employing DFT and TDDFT calculations for the complex in the gas phase and in aqueous solution, we investigate the vibrational and electronic structure of the complex in the electronic ground state as well as the character of the electronically excited states. The relevance of the various excited states for the intervalence metal−metal charge-transfer process in the complex is analyzed based on the change of charge density, spin density, and dipole moment upon photoexcitation as well as by a Mulliken−Hush analysis. Furthermore, those intramolecular modes, which are important for the charge-transfer process, are identified and characterized.
Optimized ladder C and ladder H models for sigma conjugation: chain segmentation in polysilanes

The parameters of the Huckel type ladder C and ladder H models of permethylated oligosilanes have been optimized to reproduce orbital energies obtained from ab initio Hartree–Fock (HF) calculations of 84 conformers with 1–8 silicon atoms at their optimized geometries. With the optimized parameters, the ladder models reproduce the top ∼5% of the ab initio occupied orbital energies with a mean error of 0.03–0.05 eV. Using Koopmans' theorem, trends in the ionization potentials of very long oligosilanes and polysilanes, including their conformational dependence, can now be predicted with the accuracy of the HF/TZ ab initio method. We use the ladder models to examine the chain-length dependence of conformational effects in chains with up to 40 silicon atoms, with particular attention to the issue of conformationally induced chain segmentation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continuous Noninvasive Monitoring of Respiratory Rate in Critically III Patients

Respiratory rate is a sensitive clinical parameter in a multitude of pulmonary diseases, especially in the critical care setting. In order to validate the routine recording of the respiratory rate in the intensive care unit, we compared the values obtained from the nursing records with the breathing frequency continuously recorded by a prototype microprocessor system using respiratory inductive plethysmography. We found a significant (≥20 percent) error in the staff's monitoring of respiratory rate one third of the time. In addition, we demonstrated the ease and reliability of using this prototype system as a continuous, noninvasive, long-term respiratory monitor in the intensive care unit.
Coastal-Trapped and Frontal-Trapped Waves in a Baroclinic Western Boundary Current

Abstract Four types of stable, subinertial Rossby-like waves have been found to propagate alongshore in a model baroclinic boundary current similar to the Gulf Stream as it flows along the continental margin of the southeastern United States. The two-layer model incorporates a general bottom topography with continental shelf and slope, and a thermal-wind mean current confined to the upper layer. The four wave components are the familiar continental shelf wave, the quasi-geostrophic edge wave and complementary mode edge wave, plus a new frontal-trapped wave, which has wave amplitude maxima within the cyclonic side of the Stream. The dispersion diagram for a particular topography/density/current setting may be interpreted as a composite of the four components’ dispersion curve families. As in other similar problems a mode coupling between two components allows the characteristics of the two to be interchanged. The cases studied show the phase speeds of the various components to be affected by the location o...
Effects of the novel NMDA antagonist, NPC 12626, on long-term potentiation, learning and memory

Abstract NPC 12626 (2-amino-4,5-(1,2-cyclohexyl)-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid), a newly developed drug which crosses the blood-brain barrier, is a competitive antagonist ofN-methyl- d -aspartate receptors. In Experiment I, the effects of NPC 12626 on perforant path - dentate gyrus LTP were tested. NPC 12626 (100 mg/kg, i.p.), injected 150 min prior to tetanization, prevented potentiation of the EPSP slope and population spike amplitude. EPSP-spike potentiation was also prevented. Post-tetanus administration was ineffective. In Experiment II, mice were injected with NPC 12626 (35 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline 35 min prior to spontaneous alternation testing. NPC 12626 significantly decreased alternation rates, but did not affect turn bias or the mean delay between arm entries. This pattern of results may reflect impaired learning or memory. In Experiment III, mice were tested on an inhibitory avoidance task. NPC 12626 (35 mg/kg, i.p.), administered before but not after training, significantly impaired performance. When the drug was administered before training as well as before testing, performance was similarly impaired, indicating that the observed deficits were not attributable to state-dependent learning. Pre-test injections were ineffective. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that some forms of learning require the participation of NMDA receptors and that this participation is largely limited to acquisition processes. In addition, these results point to the utility of peripherally administered NPC 12626 as a tool with which to examine the involvement of NMDA receptors in LTP and learning.
Safety of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients on dialysis: an analysis of the ACS NSQIP database.

Background Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) remains one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures. The safety of LC in patients with renal disease is unclear. The postoperative outcomes of elective LC in patients on dialysis were studied and risk factors associated with longer length of stay and mortality were sought.
Logistic Population Growth in the World's Largest Cities

This article demonstrates that recent population growth in the world's largest cities has conformed to the general parameters of the logistic process. Using data recently provided by the United Nations, logistic population growth for 485 million-person cities is analyzed at 5-year intervals during 1950–2010, with the UN projections for 2015 adopted as upper limits. A series of ordinary least-squares regression models of increasing complexity are estimated on the pooled data. In one class of models, the logarithms of population proportions are specified to be linear in time, which is the standard approach, but in a second class of models those proportions are specified as being quadratic. The most complex models control logistic growth estimates for (i) city-specific effects (e.g., initial population), (ii) nation-specific effects (e.g., economic development, age distribution of population), and (iii) global coordinates (for unobserved effects). Moreover, the results are segregated according to each city's membership in four different growth clubs, which was an important finding of previous research.
Cognitive evaluation of information modeling methods

In the field of information system engineering, information modeling method is a technique to capture user requirements and to understand system complexity. The importance of information modeling has been recognized by practitioners and researchers, but little has been explored to analyze the available information modeling methods or to evaluate them in terms of their strengths, weaknesses, and effectiveness. This research analyzes six information-modeling methods: use case diagram, rich picture diagram, entity-relationship diagram, Trochim's concept mapping, repertory grid, and causal mapping. These information-modeling methods are analyzed from a cognitive perspective in order to better understand their nature, the assumptions, and the important features associated. The research contributes to the understanding of the information modeling methods and their potential uses and values during IS development.
Interchromosomal Communication Coordinates Intrinsically Stochastic Expression Between Alleles

Sensory systems use stochastic mechanisms to diversify neuronal subtypes. In the Drosophila eye, stochastic expression of the PAS-bHLH transcription factor Spineless (Ss) determines a random binary subtype choice in R7 photoreceptors. Here, we show that a stochastic, cell-autonomous decision to express ss is made intrinsically by each ss locus. Stochastic on or off expression of each ss allele is determined by combinatorial inputs from one enhancer and two silencers acting at long range. However, the two ss alleles also average their frequency of expression through up-regulatory and down-regulatory interallelic cross-talk. This inter- or intrachromosomal long-range regulation does not require endogenous ss chromosomal positioning or pairing. Therefore, although individual ss alleles make independent stochastic choices, interchromosomal communication coordinates expression state between alleles, ensuring that they are both expressed in the same random subset of R7s.
The role of subduction erosion on seismicity

Subduction zones outline much of the Pacific plate, producing many of the largest and most destructive earthquakes recorded. Thus there is considerable interest in understanding the tectonics and dominant processes associated with these margins, as variations in these processes may be a factor in
The high pressure phase transitions in KF and RbF

The high pressure B1 ⇹ B2 transitions in KF at ~ 40 kbar and RbF at ~ 30 kbar have been studied using hydrostatic X-ray diffraction. No other transitions have been observed. The addition of the ΔVV for these transitions to the already existing body of literature on B1–B2 transitions in alkali halides permits an extension of Pauling's theory to larger values of radius ratios. It also permits the modified Born criterion for predicting phase transitions to be further verified. Values of ionic radii for 8 coordination we suggest are 1.33 A for F−, 1.84 A for Cr−, 2.00 A for Br− and 2.27 A for I−.
Disability: A View from Selected Cultural Perspectives

The concept of disability has been examined from various cultural perspectives across the globe. The author explores how services and specific support networks have been provided to people with disabilities. Small-scale and large-scale societies have had to deal with unique challenges in monitoring services for the disabled, regardless of their geographical location; financial resources, accountability and adequate staffing are primary problems in delivery of services to the disabled. Prospects and challenges facing people with disabilities require policy reforms and advancements in special education in all countries.
STUDENT SATISFACTION with High-Fidelity Simulation: Does It Correlate with Learning Styles?

The purpose of this study was to explore how learning styles correlate with student satisfacation when high-fidelity human simulation is used in a baccalaureate nursing program. Seventy-eight undergraduate students enrolled in an advanced medical-surgical course completed the Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning scale after participating in an experiental learning lab activity that included high-fidelity human simulation-enhanced cardiac case scenarios. Data were then correlated with learning styles identified by a nurse entrance test. Analyses of the data revealed positive relationships between the social and solitary learning styles and student satisfaction with simulation.
How Users Search the Library from a Single Search Box

Academic libraries are turning increasingly to unified search solutions to simplify search and discovery of library resources. Unfortunately, very little research has been published on library user search behavior in single search box environments. This study examines how users search a large public university library using a prominent, single search box on the library website. The article examines two semesters of real-world data, totaling nearly 1.4 million transactions. Findings include that unified library search is about more than the catalog and articles, though these predominate. Additionally, a small number of the most popular search queries accounts for a disproportionate amount of the overall queries. Also discussed are the merits of ongoing evaluation of library user search behavior.
Cage Rearing of Broilers

Abstract Three experiments were conducted with broilers to ascertain the feasibility of growing broilers in cages. Broilers were reared on rice hull litter, plastic mesh and rubber covered nylon floors (RCN). Data from these experiments indicate that broilers could be grown to heavy weights under crowded conditions without an incidence of breast blisters and without any detrimental effect to body weight when RCN was used as a flooring material. There was a high incidence of breast blisters or broilers reared on the plastic mesh supported by 5.08 × 10.16 cm. welded wire to either 8 or 9 weeks of age. The heavier broilers developed more and larger breast blisters. Broilers reared on suspended plastic mesh displayed fewer breast blisters when compared to broilers reared on the plastic mesh supported by 5.08 × 10.16 cm. welded wire. Body weights of broilers reared on plastic mesh or RCN at densities of 2.8 and 3.7 dm2. per broiler were equal to or heavier than body weights of broilers grown on litter. As bird density increased, the body weight of the broilers decreased. Feed efficiencies were calculated on only the first two experiments because of the apparent feed wastage when the broilers were reared in cages.
Comparison of evoked vs. spontaneous tics in a patient with trigeminal neuralgia (tic doloureux)

A 53-year old woman with tic doloureaux, affecting her right maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (V2), could elicit shooting pains by slightly tapping her teeth when off medication. The pains, which she normally rated as > 6/10 on a visual analog scale (VAS), were electric shock-like in nature. She had no other spontaneous or ongoing background pain affecting the region. Based on her ability to elicit these tics, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed while she produced brief shocks every 2 minutes on cue (evoked pain) over a 20 min period. In addition, she had 1–2 spontaneous shocks manifested between these evoked pains over the course of functional image acquisition. Increased fMRI activation for both evoked and spontaneous tics was observed throughout cortical and subcortical structures commonly observed in experimental pain studies with healthy subjects; including the primary somatosensory cortex, insula, anterior cingulate, and thalamus. Spontaneous tics produced more decrease in signals in a number of regions including the posterior cingulate cortex and amygdala, suggesting that regions known to be involved in expectation/anticipation may have been activated for the evoked, but not spontaneous, tics. In this patient there were large increases in activation observed in the frontal regions, including the anterior cingulate cortex and the basal ganglia. Spontaneous tics showed increased activation in classic aversion circuitry that may contribute to increased levels of anxiety. We believe that this is the first report of functional imaging of brain changes in tic-doloureaux.
Personal Workspace for Large-Scale Data-Driven Computational Experiment

As the scale and complexity of data-driven computational science grows, so grows the burden on the scientists and students in managing the data products used and generated during experiments. Products must be moved and directories created. Search support in traditional file systems is arcane. While storage management tools can store rich metadata, these tools do not satisfy the nuances of the individual computational science researcher working alone or cooperatively. We have developed a personal workspace tool, myLEAD, that actively manages metadata and data products for users. Inspired by the Globus MCS metadata catalog and layered on top of the UK e-Science OGSA-DAI tool, myLEAD provides capture, storage and search tools to the computational scientist. In this paper we experimentally evaluate the performance of the myLEAD metadata catalog.
A 16-Bit 100 to 160 MS/s SiGe BiCMOS Pipelined ADC With 100 dBFS SFDR

This paper describes a 16-bit analog-to-digital converter designed in a complementary SiGe BiCMOS SOI process. The high-performance complementary BJTs lead to a switched-current approach to the signal processing. Although it uses a fairly traditional four-stage pipeline architecture, several techniques are incorporated to achieve 16 bits of distortion performance at a sample rate of up to 160 MHz. For improved high input frequency linearity we describe a track and hold with a sampling instant modulation scheme. For stability of the current-mode DAC over signal swing and temperature we describe a scheme to increase the output impedance of the first sub-DAC. At a sample clock frequency of 122 MHz, prototype silicon exhibits a spurious-free dynamic range of 100 dBc through the first two Nyquist zones and a signal-to noise ratio of 77 dB. With a 160 MHz sampling clock, the measured SFDR is better than 90 dBc and the SNR is better than 74.5 dB. The ADC dissipates 1.6 W from 5 V and 3.3 V supplies.
Quantitative characterization and modeling strategy of nanoparticle dispersion in polymer composites

Nanoparticle dispersion plays a crucial role in the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites. Transmission Electron Microscope/Scanning Electron Microscope (TEM/SEM) images are commonly used to represent nanoparticle dispersion without further quantifications on its properties. Therefore, there is a strong need to develop a quantitative measure to effectively describe nanoparticle dispersion from a TEM/SEM image. This article reports an effective modeling strategy to characterize nanoparticle dispersion states among different locations of a nanocomposite surface. An engineering-driven inhomogenous Poisson random field is proposed to represent the nanoparticle dispersion at the nanoscale. The model parameters are estimated through the Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique to overcome the challenge of the limited amount of accessible data due to the time-consuming sample collection process. The TEM images taken from nano-silica/epoxy composites are used to support the proposed methodology. The ...
Power transformation via multivariate Box-Cox

We present a new Stata estimation program, mboxcox, that computes the normalizing scaled power transformations for a set of variables. The multivari- ate Box-Cox method (defined in Velilla, 1993, Statistics and Probability Letters 17: 259-263; used in Weisberg, 2005, Applied Linear Regression (Wiley)) is used to determine the transformations. We demonstrate using a generated example and a real dataset.
Sensory coding in the natural environment

(2003). Sensory coding in the natural environment. Network: Computation in Neural Systems: Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 1-2.
Determining the Order of Processor Transactions in Statically Scheduled Multiprocessors

This paper addresses embedded multiprocessor implementation of iterative, real-time applications, such as digital signal and image processing, that are specified as dataflow graphs. Scheduling dataflow graphs on multiple processors involves assigning tasks to processors (processor assignment), ordering the execution of tasks within each processor (task ordering), and determining when each task must commence execution. We consider three scheduling strategies: fully-static, self-timed and ordered transactions, all of which perform the assignment and ordering steps at compile time. Run time costs are small for the fully-static strategy; however it is not robust with respect to changes or uncertainty in task execution times. The self-timed approach is tolerant of variations in task execution times, but pays the penalty of high run time costs, because processors need to explicitly synchronize whenever they communicate. The ordered transactions approach lies between the fully-static and self-timed strategies; in this approach the order in which processors communicate is determined at compile time and enforced at run time. The ordered transactions strategy retains some of the flexibility of self-timed schedules and at the same time has lower run time costs than the self-timed approach. In this paper we determine an order of processor transactions that is nearly optimal given information about task execution times at compile time, and for a given processor assignment and task ordering. The criterion for optimality is the average throughput achieved by the schedule. Our main result is that it is possible to choose a transaction order such that the resulting ordered transactions schedule incurs no performance penalty compared to the more flexible self-timed strategy, even when the higher run time costs implied by the self-timed strategy are ignored.
Quantitative Visualization of Vapor Bubble Growth in Diabatic Vapor-Liquid Microchannel Slug Flow

Slug flow is a commonly encountered flow regime in microchannels due to the influence of surface tension and vapor confinement at small length scales. Few experimental studies have considered diabatic vapor-liquid slug flow, owing to difficulties in generating a well-controlled and repeatable slug flow regime; generation of vapor by wall heating typically leads to large, stochastic variations in the vapor bubble characteristics. To facilitate the study of flow behavior and vapor-liquid interfaces under precisely controlled conditions, a diabatic, one-component, two-phase microchannel flow was generated by separately injecting HFE-7100 vapor and liquid into a T-junction. Injection at independently controllable liquid and vapor flow rates allows the creation of vapor-liquid slug flow patterns in a downstream borosilicate microchannel of circular cross-section with a 500 μm inside diameter. The outside surface of the microchannel was coated with a 100 nm-thick layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) to generate a uniform wall heat flux via Joule heating while allowing full optical access for flow visualization. The growth of individual vapor bubbles was quantitatively visualized at different imposed heat fluxes, in terms of the percentage change in vapor bubble length along the heated microchannel. The results demonstrate the ability of the T-junction to generate diabatic, one-component, two-phase microchannel slug flow that is suitable for generating results for the validation of flow boiling models.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Impact of baking time and temperature on nutrient content and sensory quality of sweet potatoes

ABSTRACTSweet potatoes are a valuable economic asset to Louisiana. The impact of baking time and temperature on cook loss, vitamin C content, total sugars content, and sensory quality of sweet potatoes were compared when baked at 325°F, 375°F, and 425°F for 60, 45, and 30 minutes respectively. The 325°F sample had a significantly lower vitamin C content and a significantly higher total sugars content compared to the other two samples. However, the 425°F sample had a significantly lower percent cook loss compared to the other two samples. The 425°F sample had a significantly lower cook loss and total sugars compared to the 325°F samples. Untrained consumer panelists perceived the 425°F sample to be significantly less tender and less liked than the other two samples. These results have important implications for chefs, the food industry, and nutritional feeding programs.
Parents, Siblings, or Friends? Exploring Life Satisfaction among Early Adolescents

This study analyzes 2,617 10–15 year olds surveyed in wave 1 of the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS). Specifically, it tests the associations of three variables with life satisfaction among early adolescents: parent–child relationship quality, being a perpetrator or victim of sibling bullying, and being a perpetrator or victim of friend bullying. The results suggest that all of these social relationships have significant associations with life satisfaction, both individually and in combination. Of the three, parent–child relationship quality explained the most variance in predicting life satisfaction. This is followed by friend victimization (i.e., being bullied by friends), whereas the influence of sibling victimization is significant but not as strong. This study also tests the interaction effects between parent–child relationship quality, sibling bullying, and friend bullying. The association of parent–child relationship quality with life satisfaction is found to be stronger among adolescents who were either victims of sibling bullying or of friend bullying, highlighting the protective importance of parent–child relationship quality. Lastly, when testing whether the influences of sibling bullying, friend bullying, and parent–child relationship quality vary between male and female adolescents, this study finds some significant gender differences. Specifically, the positive associations of lower friend victimization and better parent–child relationship quality with life satisfaction are found to be stronger among female adolescents.
Genomic analysis of prostate cancer stem cells isolated from a highly metastatic cell line.

BACKGROUND Tumor-initiating or cancer stem cells (CSCs) were recently isolated from all major human cancers, including prostate cancer. However, the extreme heterogeneity of tumor cells in terms of biological behavior and gene expression patterns and difficulties isolating a pure population of CSCs from tumor tissues significantly impede a comparative analysis of CSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different phenotypic populations were isolated from a metastatic derivative of PC-3 cell line, PC3-MM2, and tested for their ability to form tumors in NOD/SCID mice and floating spheroids in 3D culture systems. RESULTS All tested cell lines possessed minor populations of cells with highest expression of CD133, CD44 and CD166, whereas the vast majority of cells were CD133-negative. Several experimental approaches promoted a higher proportion of CD133-positive cells with increased in vivo tumorigenicity and the ability to produce floating spheres. Genome-wide microarray analysis (Affymetrix; DAVID) of CSC-enriched versus CSC-depleted cell populations revealed 213 genes with 10-100 fold increased activity out of 8994 differentially expressed ones and 87 genes with 5-50 fold decreased activity. CONCLUSIONS The proposed in vitro prostate CSC model allows for reliable isolation and propagation of highly tumorigenic cells. This study may contribute to the identification of novel targets for CSC-targeted prostate cancer treatment.
Interactions between the Seasonal Cycle and El Niño-Southern Oscillation in an Intermediate Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model

Abstract The nonlinear interactions between the seasonal cycle and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the coupled ocean-atmosphere system are examined using a newly developed intermediate coupled ocean-atmosphere model. The model permits coupling between total sea surface temperature (SST) and total surface winds and thus is able to produce its own seasonal cycle. This coupling approach allows for the examination of full dynamic interactions between the seasonal cycle and interannual oscillations. Numerical simulations with realistic surface heat fluxes indicate that this model is capable of capturing the essential variability of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system on seasonal-to-interannual timescale in the tropical Pacific. Model sensitivity experiments were carried out by independently varying the external forcing strength and coupling strength. These experiments reveal a very different behavior of the coupled system with and without the seasonal cycle. In the presence of the seasonal cycle, the co...
Reliability of monosynaptic sensory transmission in brain stem neurons in vitro.

The timing of events within the nervous system is a critical feature of signal processing and integration. In neurotransmission, the synaptic latency, the time between stimulus delivery and appeara...
Optogenetic and pharmacological evidence that somatostatin-GABA neurons are important regulators of parasympathetic outflow to the stomach.

Key points The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) in the brainstem consists primarily of vagal preganglionic neurons that innervate postganglionic neurons of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The activity of the vagal preganglionic neurons is predominantly regulated by GABAergic transmission in the DMV. The present findings indicate that the overwhelming GABAergic drive present at the DMV is primarily from somatostatin positive GABA (Sst-GABA) DMV neurons. Activation of both melanocortin and μ-opioid receptors at the DMV inhibits Sst-GABA DMV neurons. Sst-GABA DMV neurons may serve as integrative targets for modulating vagal output activity to the stomach. Abstract We have previously shown that local GABA signalling in the brainstem is an important determinant of vagally-mediated gastric activity. However, the neural identity of this GABA source is currently unknown. To determine this, we focused on the somatostatin positive GABA (Sst-GABA) interneuron in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV), a nucleus that is intimately involved in regulating gastric activity. Also of particular interest was the effect of melanocortin and μ-opioid agonists on neural activity of Sst-GABA DMV neurons because their in vivo administration in the DMV mimics GABA blockade in the nucleus. Experiments were conducted in brain slice preparation of transgenic adult Sst-IRES-Cre mice expressing tdTomato fluorescence, channelrhodopsin-2, archaerhodopsin or GCaMP3. Electrophysiological recordings were obtained from Sst-GABA DMV neurons or DiI labelled gastric-antrum projecting DMV neurons. Our results show that optogenetic stimulation of Sst-GABA neurons results in a robust inhibition of action potentials of labelled premotor DMV neurons to the gastric-antrum through an increase in inhibitory post-synaptic currents. The activity of the Sst-GABA neurons in the DMV is inhibited by both melanocortin and μ-opioid agonists. These agonists counteract the pronounced inhibitory effect of Sst-GABA neurons on vagal pre-motor neurons in the DMV that control gastric motility. These observations demonstrate that Sst-GABA neurons in the brainstem are crucial for regulating the activity of gastric output neurons in the DMV. Additionally, they suggest that these neurons serve as targets for converging CNS signals to regulate parasympathetic gastric function.
Coexistence of Bipolar and Unipolar Switching in Cu/TaOx/Pt Resistive Devices for Cu and Oxygen Vacancy Nanofilaments

A Cu/TaOx/Pt device can be switched between high resistive state and low resistive state based on the formation and rupture of two types of nanofilament: Cu and oxygen vacancy conductive bridges. The Cu nanobridge and oxygen vacancy filament form when high positive and negative forming voltages are applied to the Cu electrode, respectively. The set voltage of oxygen vacancy filament is higher and of opposite polarity than that of Cu filament. Both positive and negative voltages can reset the device by Joules heating. Therefore the device can switch in bipolar and unipolar modes with either conductive filament in separate windows of operation.