cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IMC-C225, an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody for treatment of head and neck cancer.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck remains a clinical challenge because of the high rate of locoregional disease recurrence. The importance of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the development and progression of many solid tumors, including squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, is well understood; increased expression is associated with enhanced tumor invasiveness, resistance to chemotherapy, and a lower patient survival rate. Several approaches have been developed to achieve EGFR blockade as an anticancer treatment strategy, including the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody IMC-C225, which competitively binds to the extracellular receptor site and prevents binding by the natural EGFR ligands EGF and transforming growth factor-alpha. Preclinical studies to evaluate IMC-225 in human cancer cell lines in vitro and human tumor xenografts in vivo have shown its potent antitumor activity. Clinical efficacy of IMC-C225 appears to involve multiple mechanisms, including inhibition of cell cycle progression, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, inhibition of metastasis, and enhancement of the response to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Phase I studies of IMC-C225 combined with chemotherapy or radiation showed promising response rates in patients with recurrent or refractory squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Phase II and III trials to examine the efficacy and safety of these combinations are currently underway. To date, IMC-C225 has been well tolerated, with skin rashes and allergic reactions being the most clinically important adverse events reported. IMC-C225 displays dose-dependent elimination characteristics and a half-life of approximately 7 days. Current recommendations for dosing include a 400 mg/m(2) loading dose, followed by weekly infusions at 250 mg/m(2).
Analysis of the Signal Reliability Measure and an Evaluation Procedure

The classical reliability measure of digital circuits, known as functional reliability, assumes that the circuit fails whenever a fault is present in it. It has long been known that this reliability measure is overly pessimistic since digital circuits may produce correct output signals even when some faults are present in them. A different reliability measure, known as signal reliability, is the probability that the circuit output is correct. This reliability measure is analyzed first and compared to the functional reliability measure. Next, a new procedure for the evaluation of the signal reliability measure is presented.
High Levels of HDL Cholesterol Do Not Predict Protection From Cardiovascular Disease in Women

Elevated levels ≥ 60 mg/dL) of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol have been felt to be protective for cardiovascular disease in women. While cardiovascular disease is the leading killer of women in the United States, this is underrecognized, and women's symptoms are often atypical, leading to underdiagnosis. When high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is high, physicians may underestimate a woman's cardiovascular risk. This tendency may have adverse health consequences.
Relationships between microbial extracellular enzymatic activity and suspended and sinking particulate organic matter: seasonal transformations in the North Water

Abstract Despite the importance of hydrolytic activities by bacterial extracellular enzymes (EE) in the temperate ocean, little is known about the role of extracellular enzymatic activity (EEA) in determining the fate of particulate organic matter (POM) in polar seas. To explore the issue further, we measured various chemical and bacterial parameters in the near-0°C waters of the North Water during the months of May and July of 1998. Seawater (SW) samples were collected by Niskin bottle at the depth of the chlorophyll fluorescence maximum (8–90 m), while samples of sinking particles and aggregates were collected in short-term (0.5–1.2 d), unpoisoned, floating sediment traps deployed at depths typically below the mixed layer (50–136 m). Samples were analyzed for POC, PON, and abundance of total and actively respiring bacteria. They were also incubated with fluorescently tagged substrate analogs to measure potential maximal rates of three classes of EE (leucine-aminopeptidase, chitobiase, and β -glucosidase) at –1°C. The percentage of actively respiring bacteria was always higher in sediment trap samples than in SW (medians of 38% and 24% versus 10% and 12% in May and July, respectively). Cell-specific rates of EEA were also higher in the trap samples and, for both sample types, similar to published rates from temperate waters. Rates of EEA when scaled to the abundance of actively respiring bacteria, however, did not differ between sample types, suggesting that the elevated EEA associated with sinking material is due to the greater abundance of metabolically active cells supported by such material and not due to enhanced enzyme expression in general, as suggested by previous studies. In this study, leucine-aminopeptidase activity was always much higher than the other classes of EEA, becoming even more dominant later in the season; it always correlated positively with the abundance of both total and actively respiring bacteria. Enzyme ratios indicating protease dominance corresponded with the seasonal increases in C/N ratios of both suspended and sinking POM. Overall the results suggest bacterial responses to seasonal changes in POM quality through differential expression of EE and an important role for proteases in influencing the nitrogen content of organic matter even at near-0° temperatures in this polynya.
Tiagabine-induced stupor in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: nonconvulsive status epilepticus or encephalopathy?

Abstract Background Nonconvulsive status epilepticus has been rarely reported with tiagabine (TGB) use. Methods We report findings from continuous video-EEG monitoring and serial neurological examinations during prolonged episodes of stupor associated with TGB use in three patients who did not have epilepsy. Results All three patients had emergence of new type of events after starting TGB treatment. All three patients had gradual decline in responsiveness to verbal stimuli, intermittent twitching of the upper extremities, and urinary incontinence. The corresponding EEG showed gradual build-up of generalized bisynchronous delta-wave activity with subsequent intermingled sharp transients. Two patients did not respond to IV lorazepam, one of whom also did not respond to IV phenytoin. The EEG slowly normalized in conjunction with associated clinical improvement. Habitual seizures were found to be psychogenic, with no interictal evidence for epilepsy. Conclusion Tiagabine-related stupor may represent a form of toxic encephalopathy in some cases rather than nonconvulsive status epilepticus.
Sintering and properties of solid solutions of carbides

1. It is shown that, by using finely-dispersed powders of solid solutions of refractory carbides, it is possible effectively to activate the sintering process. 2. The elastic and high-temperature strength properties of high-density sintered specimens from solid solutions of refractory carbides are slightly higher than those of the starting materials.
Role of oxygen in Cu(1 1 0) surface restructuring in the vicinity of step edges

Abstract Surface steps are typically assumed as a source of adatoms for oxygen-chemisorption induced surface reconstruction, but few microscopic observations have been made in the vicinity of steps on reconstructing surfaces. Using in situ scanning tunneling microscopy, we provide direct evidence that surface steps are the source of Cu adatoms for the Cu(1 1 0) (2 × 1)-O restructuring. Using density functional theory, we show that the role of oxygen is to stabilize Cu adatoms detached from step edges via the barrier-less formation of Cu O dimers on terraces. Incorporating this atomic process of capturing Cu adatoms into kinetic Monte Carlo simulations reproduces the experimentally observed (2 × 1)-O reconstruction.
The cylindrical banyan multicomputer: A reconfigurable systolic architecture

Abstract A new reconfigurable systolic multicomputer architecture is presented. The proposed architecture, called the Cylindrical Banyan Multicomputer (CBM), is based on the structure of a modified banyan network where every node of the network graph is composed of an application processor, a local memory and a communication processor, and network's inputs and outputs are merged (fused). The CBM has one of the lowest (cost) X (delay) among known multicomputer architectures based on regular networks. It is shown that a variety of computation structures such as pipelines, rings, and trees may be constructed and reconfigured in an optimal or a nearby optimal way on the CBM architecture, and that various basic algorithms can be executed very efficiently in a systolic manner. It is also shown that the CBM is an easily diagnosable and fault-tolerant system.
The effects of an elevated temperature, colchicine, and vinblastine on axonal microtubules of the crayfish (Procambarus clarkii).

Microtubules of isolated crayfish ventral nerve cords rapidly dissociate at 40°C and upon reincubation at ambient temperatures part of the microtubule population transiently reforms. Colchicine had little effect on the structure or number of intact microtubules of unwarmed nerve connectives, but vinblastine caused a decrease in microtubular numbers and led to the formation of typical paracrystalline arrays. After warming, both colchicine and vinblastine treatment prevented microtubule reassembly, presumably by interacting with the heat-induced microtubular dissociation products, and led to the formation of axoplasmic inclusions. The inclusions seen in vinblastine-treated prewarmed connectives were identical to the paracrystalline arrays produced in unwarmed preparations but the inclusions seen following colchicine treatment of warmed connectives have a unique appearance and are ultrastructurally distinct from vinblastine-induced arrays.
Relationship between physiological status, cognition, and age in adult men

In this study, we examined whether the slowing of responses that has been observed with increasing age is associated with physiological status. Adults differing on physiological status were administered a choice reaction time task with difficult and easy trials. The results indicated that choice reaction time was related to physiological status in the following manner: on difficult choice reaction time trials, high-fit adults responded faster than did low-fit adults. The present results suggested that low levels of physiological fitness may be associated with behavioral slowing on tasks requiring speeded responses and that the contribution of physiological factors to overall cognitive functioning might be more limited than has previously been thought.
Theory of Ferromagnetic Resonance in Rare Earth Garnets. II. Line Widths

The spins of rare earth ions in the garnets are coupled strongly both to the lattice phonons and, by an exchange interaction, to the ferric spin lattice. The rare earth spins thus provide a powerful relaxation channel for the ferric lattice. Two contributions to the line width may be distinguished: a coherent process (in which the total magnetic moment of the ferric lattice relaxes without changing the magnitude of the moment) is dominant at temperatures from 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K up to just below the Curie temperature. Near and above ${T}_{c}$ a fluctuation process (in which ferric spins flip locally) is dominant. The theoretical results describe the order of magnitude and the temperature dependence of the observed line widths in the rare earth garnets and in impure yttrium iron garnet, if one assumes in the absence of direct experimental knowledge that the relaxation frequency $\frac{1}{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ of the relevant rare earth ions is \ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}$ sec at 400\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. As the temperature is increased from 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, the width increases until a maximum is reached when $\frac{1}{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ becomes comparable with the ferric-rare earth exchange frequency. Above this temperature the width decreases until near ${T}_{c}$, where there is a sharp rise.
Equation-of-state vapour-liquid equilibrium prediction methodology for systems containing undefined fractions

Abstract A major problem encountered in vapour-liquid equilibrium (VLE) predictions for fossil fluids is insufficient information about the undefined fraction. Furthermore, the nature of the experimental data available to characterize the undefined fraction varies widely from case to case. Recipes for obtaining reliable VLE predictions are presented for each case. Methods for artificial extension of analysis are applied to real fluids. Methods for reducing the number of pseudocomponents are developed and examples are shown for real systems. The conformal solution model, three parameter corresponding states, modified Benedict-Webb-Rubin correlation is used as the basis for predicting the VLE of fossil fluids.
Implications of Alkyl Nitro Radical Anion Decay Rates

Abstract Current-reversal chronopotentiometry was used to measure the rates of decomposition of tertiary alkyl radical anions. Radical ions studied were chosen to yield both constrained and unconstrained products (e.g., 1-nitroadamantyl vs. t-nitrobutyl) in an effort to illuminate the effect that such structural differences might have upon the decay rates. Temperature studies were performed to yield thermodynamic details; supporting electrolyte concentration changes and three solvents were employed to explore ion pairing effects.
Sirolimus as primary immunosuppression is associated with improved coronary vasomotor function compared with calcineurin inhibitors in stable cardiac transplant recipients

Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate coronary vasomotor function in cardiac transplant recipients maintained on sirolimus (SRL)- or cyclosporin (CyA)-based immunosuppression. Methods and results Endothelium-independent response to intracoronary nitroglycerin and adenosine and endothelium-dependent response to intracoronary acetylcholine (Ach) were assessed in 15 SRL- and 21 CyA- treated subjects with angiographically normal coronary arteries. Baseline mean blood pressure was lower in the SRL group (85.6 ± 10.3 vs. 105.2 ± 8.7 mmHg, P = 0.002). There was no difference between the groups in coronary flow reserve after adenosine administration in multivariable analysis ( P = 0.34). Nitroglycerin administration resulted in increase in coronary artery diameter in the SRL compared with the CyA groups (2.79 ± 0.54 vs. 2.57 ± 0.61, P = 0.0036). In 13 SRL-treated subjects without evidence of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), Ach administration resulted in less epicardial vasoconstriction compared with CyA-treated subjects (2.7 ± 17.7 vs. −15.6 ± 17.2%, P = 0.005). Two SRL-treated subjects with three-dimensional intravascular ultrasound evidence of CAV developed coronary spasm in response to Ach 10−4. Microvascular endothelial function did not differ between the groups. Conclusion Sirolimus immunosuppression is associated with less pronounced coronary epicardial endothelial dysfunction compared with CyA immunosuppression. Improvement of coronary vasomotor function with SRL may be an important mechanism for the prevention of CAV.
Exposing Region Splicing Forgeries with Blind Local Noise Estimation

Region splicing is a simple and common digital image tampering operation, where a chosen region from one image is composited into another image with the aim to modify the original image's content. In this paper, we describe an effective method to expose region splicing by revealing inconsistencies in local noise levels, based on the fact that images of different origins may have different noise characteristics introduced by the sensors or post-processing steps. The basis of our region splicing detection method is a new blind noise estimation algorithm, which exploits a particular regular property of the kurtosis of nature images in band-pass domains and the relationship between noise characteristics and kurtosis. The estimation of noise statistics is formulated as an optimization problem with closed-form solution, and is further extended to an efficient estimation method of local noise statistics. We demonstrate the efficacy of our blind global and local noise estimation methods on natural images, and evaluate the performances and robustness of the region splicing detection method on forged images.
Small Bowel Diverticulosis: An Overlooked Entity.

Small bowel diverticulosis (SBD) is a rare entity. Most cases of diverticulosis are asymptomatic. SBD is often discovered incidentally during contrast studies and endoscopy. When patients report chronic gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence, and anemia, SBD is often an overlooked diagnosis. Patients requiring treatment for SBD are those with complications such as malabsorption, hemorrhage, obstruction, and acute inflammation with abscess or rarely perforation. Malabsorption can be managed with broad-spectrum antibiotics and vitamin supplementation. Hemorrhage is treated conservatively with resuscitation efforts, but recurrent bleeding requires surgery. Enteroliths causing obstruction in the duodenum can be relieved by endoscopy, that is, by manipulation, but jejunoileal obstruction requires a resection. Pseudoobstruction may be managed with prokinetics such as metoclopramide, erythromycin, and the 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 agonist tegaserod. Uncomplicated cases of SBD are treated with bowel rest and antibiotics. However, perforation or abscess formation not amenable to percutaneous drainage mandates surgical resection. Any patient with a triad of anemia, abdominal pain, and an abdominal radiograph with dilated loops of small bowel merits SBD in the differential diagnosis.
The design and evaluation of a virtual world-based learning environment: information security learning using Second Life

This research proposes a design framework of a virtual world-based learning environment that integrates unique features of the virtual world technology with an instructional strategy. We then demonstrate the environment's usefulness and assess the effectiveness of our design framework in the context of information security learning using Second Life. Overall, the results strongly suggest that the virtual world-based learning environment enhances information security learning. In addition, our research shows that Learner traits have an important influence on learning outcomes through perceived enjoyment.
Measures of Mentoring, Department Climate, and Graduate Student Preparedness in the Responsible Conduct of Psychological Research.

Drawing upon two independent national samples of 201 and 241 psychology graduate students, this article describes the development and psychometric evaluation of 4 Web-based student self-report scales tapping student socialization in the responsible conduct of research (RCR) with human participants. The Mentoring the Responsible Conduct of Research Scale (MRCR) is composed of 2 subscales assessing RCR instruction and modeling by research mentors. The 2 subscales of the RCR Department Climate Scale (RCR-DC) assess RCR department policies and faculty and student RCR practices. The RCR Preparedness scale (RCR-P) and the RCR Field Integrity scale (RCR-FI) measure respectively students' confidence in their ability to conduct research responsibly and their belief in the RCR integrity of psychology as a discipline. Factor analysis, coefficient alphas, correlations, and multiple regression analyses demonstrated each of the scales had good internal consistency and concurrent and construct validity.
The Use and Abuse of Cell Phones and Text Messaging in the Classroom: A Survey of College Students

As the use of mobile devices, such as cell phones, has proliferated in academic settings in recent years, new challenges are faced by institutions of higher education and their faculties. The authors surveyed 269 college students from 21 academic majors at a small northeastern university to gain a better understanding of the frequency and manner in which cell phones are used in college classrooms. Focusing on the use of text messaging in the classroom, students reported on their own and others’ use of cell phones. It was found that 95% of students bring their phones to class every day, 92% use their phones to text message during class time, and 10% admit they have texted during an exam on at least one occasion. The majority of the students surveyed believe that instructors are largely unaware of the extent to which texting and other cell phone activities engage students in the classroom. These activities include browsing the Internet, sending pictures, or accessing social networking sites. The authors dis...
Analysis of thrombocyte development in CD41-GFP transgenic zebrafish.

Thrombocytes are the nucleated equivalent of platelets in nonmammalian vertebrates such as the zebrafish, Danio rerio. We have cloned zebrafish CD41 cDNA (αIIb, glycoprotein IIb [GPIIb]) and its promoter and have generated transgenic zebrafish lines with green fluorescent protein (GFP)–tagged thrombocytes. CD41 mRNA transcripts appeared 42 hours after fertilization (hpf) by reverse-transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and at 48 hpf in circulating hematopoietic cells. Flow sorting of thrombocytes from the mesonephros of adult CD41-GFP zebrafish showed a GFPhigh subset, which had the morphologic appearance of mature thrombocytes, and a GFPlow subset with an immature appearance, suggesting that they may be thrombocyte precursors. Confocal laser microscopy of embryos 40 and 48 hpf also showed a nonmobile population of GFP+ cells in a discrete area between the dorsal aorta and caudal vein. Production of circulating thrombocytes was inhibited by the injection of antisense morpholinos for the stem-cell transcription factor scl and c-mpl, the receptor for thrombopoietin. The nonmobile pool of GFP+ cells was abolished by scl knockdown and partially inhibited by c-mpl knockdown. These studies have shown that it is possible to identify thrombocytes, thrombocyte precursors, and, possibly, early hematopoietic stem cells in zebrafish embryos and track their proliferation and maturation.
Fast and accurate read alignment for resequencing

Motivation: Next-generation sequence analysis has become an important task both in laboratory and clinical settings. A key stage in the majority sequence analysis workflows, such as resequencing, is the alignment of genomic reads to a reference genome. The accurate alignment of reads with large indels is a computationally challenging task for researchers. Results: We introduce SeqAlto as a new algorithm for read alignment. For reads longer than or equal to 100 bp, SeqAlto is up to 10 × faster than existing algorithms, while retaining high accuracy and the ability to align reads with large (up to 50 bp) indels. This improvement in efficiency is particularly important in the analysis of future sequencing data where the number of reads approaches many billions. Furthermore, SeqAlto uses less than 8 GB of memory to align against the human genome. SeqAlto is benchmarked against several existing tools with both real and simulated data. Availability: Linux and Mac OS X binaries free for academic use are available at http://www.stanford.edu/group/wonglab/seqalto Contact: whwong@stanford.edu
Do polymorphic loci require large sample sizes to estimate genetic distances

The coefficient of variation of estimates of three genetic distances (standard genetic distance of Nei, chord distance, FST) was examined with computer simulation to determine if large samples (per population) are necessary to precisely estimate genetic distances at loci with high levels of polymorphism. These simulations showed that loci with high mutation rates produce estimates of genetic distance with lower coefficients of variation than loci with lower mutation rates – without requiring larger sample sizes from each population. In addition, the rate at which increasing sample sizes decreases the coefficient of variation of estimates of genetic distances was shown to be approximately determined by the value of FST between the populations being sampled. When FST was greater than 0.05, sampling fewer than 20 individuals (per population) should be sufficient. When FST was less than 0.01, sampling 100 individuals (per population) or more will be useful.
Clarkeite: New chemical and structural data

Clarkeite crystallizes during metasomatic replacement of pegmatitic uraninite by latestage, oxidizing hydrothermal fluids. Samples are zoned compositionally: Clarkeite, which is Na rich, surrounds a K-rich core (commonly with remnant uraninite) and is surrounded by more Ca-rich material; volumetrically, clarkeite is most abundant. Clarkeite is hexagonal (space group Rm ) a 53.954(4), c 5 17.73(1) A ˚ (Z 5 3). The structure of clarkeite ¯ 3 is based on anionic sheets of the form [(UO2)(O,OH)2]. The sheets are bonded to each other through interlayer cations and H2O molecules. The empirical formula for clarkeite from the Fanny Gouge mine near Spruce Pine, North Carolina, is: {Na0.733K0.029Ca0.021Sr0.009Y0.024Th0.006Pb0.058}S0.880[(UO2)0.942O0.918(OH)1.082](H2O)0.069.
The association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, and metabolic syndrome, with systemic inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Introduction We characterized the association of 3 metabolic conditions – obesity, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) – with increased inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis.
Circulation on the central Bering Sea shelf, July 2008 to July 2010

[1] We examine the July 2008 to July 2010 circulation over the central Bering Sea shelf using measurements at eight instrumented moorings, hindcast winds and numerical model results. At sub-tidal time scales, the vertically integrated equations of motion show that the cross-shelf balance is primarily geostrophic. The along-shelf balance is also mainly geostrophic, but local accelerations, wind stress and bottom friction account for 10–40% of the momentum balance, depending on season and water depth. The shelf exhibits highly variable flow with small water column average vector mean speeds (<5 cm s−1). Mean/peak speeds in summer (3–6 cm s−1/10–30 cm s−1) are smaller than in winter and fall (6–12 cm s−1/30–70 cm s−1). Low frequency flows (<1/4 cpd) are horizontally coherent over distances exceeding 200 km. Vertical coherence varies seasonally, degrading with the onset of summer stratification. Because effects of heating and freezing are enhanced in shallow waters, warm summers increase the cross-shelf density gradient and thus enhance northward transport; cold winters with increased ice production and brine rejection increase the (now reversed) cross-shelf density gradient and enhance southward transport. Although the baroclinic velocity is large enough to influence seasonal transports, wind-forced Ekman dynamics are primarily responsible for flow variations. The system changes from strong northward flow (with coastal convergence) to strong southward flow (with coastal divergence) for northerly and easterly winds, respectively. Under northerly and northwesterly winds, nutrient-rich waters flow toward the central shelf from the north and northwest, replacing dilute coastal waters that are carried south and west.
Absolute quantification of prion protein (90-231) using stable isotope-labeled chymotryptic peptide standards in a LC-MRM AQUA workflow

Substantial evidence indicates that the disease-associated conformer of the prion protein (PrPTSE) constitutes the etiologic agent in prion diseases. These diseases affect multiple mammalian species. PrPTSE has the ability to convert the conformation of the normal prion protein (PrPC) into a β-sheet rich form resistant to proteinase K digestion. Common immunological techniques lack the sensitivity to detect PrPTSE at subfemtomole levels, whereas animal bioassays, cell culture, and in vitro conversion assays offer higher sensitivity but lack the high-throughput the immunological assays offer. Mass spectrometry is an attractive alternative to the above assays as it offers high-throughput, direct measurement of a protein’s signature peptide, often with subfemtomole sensitivities. Although a liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring (LC-MRM) method has been reported for PrPTSE, the chemical composition and lack of amino acid sequence conservation of the signature peptide may compromise its accuracy and make it difficult to apply to multiple species. Here, we demonstrate that an alternative protease (chymotrypsin) can produce signature peptides suitable for a LC-MRM absolute quantification (AQUA) experiment. The new method offers several advantages, including: (1) a chymotryptic signature peptide lacking chemically active residues (Cys, Met) that can confound assay accuracy; (2) low attomole limits of detection and quantitation (LOD and LOQ); and (3) a signature peptide retaining the same amino acid sequence across most mammals naturally susceptible to prion infection as well as important laboratory models. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report on the use of a non-tryptic peptide in a LC-MRM AQUA workflow.
Separation by diffusion of hydrogen clusters in a metal hydrogen system

Abstract Dynamical problems facing hydrogen diffusion in metal hydrogen systems at low temperature are surveyed. A microscopic model is constructed based on the assumption that the functional units are clusters of Fermi or Bose particles, collectively referred to as spin clusters. Critical behavior of metal hydrogen systems provides a key approximation which makes our model soluble. The time-dependent autocorrelation functions are obtained by solving the Heisenberg equation of motion using a new mathematical technique called the recurrence relations. The dynamical solutions shed light on the reversed isotope effect in diffusion. The nature of interstitial spin clusters is examined and compared with atomic and nuclear spin clusters. The spin clusters show striking resemblance to the superfluid component in the two-fluid theory of liquid 4He.
The quality of surgical pathology care for men undergoing radical prostatectomy in the U.S.

ging system) to 97% (95% CI, 96–99%) for Gleason score. In composite, RP pathology reports contained 83% (95% CI, 81–84%), 85% (95% CI, 84–87%), and 79% (95% CI, 78–80%) of the recommended data elements measured by the strict CAP category I subset, the broad CAP category I subset, and the full set of 7 indicators, respectively. In contrast to the generally higher composite scores, only 52% (95% CI, 48–56%) and 41% (95% CI, 37–45%) of men who underwent RP had complete documentation in their pathology reports for the strict and broad CAP category I subsets, respectively. CONCLUSIONS. RP surgical pathology reports contained most of the recommended data elements; however, the frequent absence of pathologic stage provides an opportunity for quality improvement. Cancer 2007;109:2445–53. � 2007 American Cancer Society.
Phage versus phagemid libraries for generation of human monoclonal antibodies.

Non-immune (naive) phage antibody libraries have become an important source of antibodies for reagent, diagnostic, and therapeutic use. To date, reported naive libraries have been constructed in phagemid vectors as fusions to pIII, yielding primarily single copy (monovalent) display of antibody fragments. For this work, we subcloned the single chain Fv (scFv) gene repertoire from a naive phagemid antibody library into a true phage vector to create a multivalently displayed scFv phage library. Compared to monovalently displayed scFv, multivalent phage display resulted in improved efficiency of display as well as antibody selection. A greater number of antibodies were obtained and at earlier rounds of selection. Such increased efficiency allows the screening for binding antibodies after a single round of selection, greatly facilitating automation. Expression levels of antigen-binding scFv were also higher than from the phagemid library. In contrast, the affinities of scFv from the phage library were lower than from the phagemid library. This could be overcome by utilizing the scFv in a multivalent format, by affinity maturation, or by converting the library to monovalent display after the first round of selection.
Toward an active contact lens: Integration of a wireless power harvesting IC

The overarching goal of an active contact lens is to integrate sensing or display functionality onto a wearable device, enabling on-lens medical monitoring and heads-up displays. We present progress toward a wirelessly-powered active contact lens comprising a transparent polymer substrate, loop antenna, power harvesting IC, and a custom micro-LED. The fully integrated radio power harvesting and a power management system was fabricated in a 0.13μm CMOS process and utilizes a small on-chip capacitor as an energy storage element to light up a microLED pixel. We have demonstrated wireless power transfer and LED intensity control using the custom IC and on-lens antenna.
Universal rules guided design parameter selection for soft error resilient processors

High-performance processors suffer from soft error vulnerability due to the increasing on-chip transistor density, shrinking processor feature size, lower threshold voltage, etc. In this paper, we propose to use a rule search strategy, i.e. Patient Rule Induction Method (PRIM), to optimize processor soft error robustness. By exploring a huge microarchitectural design space on the Architectural Vulnerability Factor (AVF), we are capable of generating a set of selective rules on key design parameters. Applying these rules at early design stage effectively identifies the configurations that are inherently reliable to soft errors. Furthermore, we propose a generic approach capable of generating a set of “universal” rules that achieves the optimization of the output variable for different programs in execution. The effectiveness of the universal rule set is validated on programs that are not used in training. This cross-program capability is very useful in the era of multi-threading. Finally, the proposed scheme is extended to multiprocessors where multiple design metrics including reliability, performance and power are balanced. Our proposed methodology is able to generate quantitative and universal solutions for both uniprocessors and multiprocessors.
Social Status Moderates the Relationship Between Facial Structure and Aggression

A growing body of evidence has linked individual differences in facial structure-in particular, the facial width-to-height ratio (FWHR)-to social behaviors, including aggression, cheating, and nonreciprocation of trust. In the research reported here, we extended this work by demonstrating that the association between FWHR and aggression is moderated by subjective and objective measures of social status. In Study 1 (N = 237 college students), FWHR was positively correlated with aggressive behavior, but only among men reporting relatively low social status. In Study 2 (N = 891 professional hockey players), FWHR was positively correlated with penalty minutes, but only among players who earned relatively low salaries. Collectively, these studies provide compelling evidence for the role of social status in moderating the relationship between facial structure and aggression, indicating that FWHR is a robust predictor of aggressive behavior, but only in the context of relatively low social status.
Role‐playing: An alternative to laboratory research?1

Summary Previous research has suggested that subjects who are given an accurate description of an experimental situation are sometimes not very successful in predicting the responses of subjects who actually experience the manipulations. The data of the present study indicate that individuals may be more successful in predicting their own responses to experimental situations than those of other persons Conditions under which the reactions of role-playing subjects are likely to duplicate those of laboratory subjects are discussed
Egalitarianism, Responsibility, and Information

Radical and liberal theories of egalitarianism are distinguished, in large part, by the differing degrees to which they hold people responsible for their own well-being. The most liberal or individualistic theory calls for equality of opportunity. Once such “starting gate equality,” as Dworkin (1981a) calls it, is guaranteed, then any final outcome is justified, provided certain rules, such as voluntary trading, are observed. At the other pole, the most radical egalitarianism calls for equality of welfare (assuming that interpersonal welfare comparisons can be made, so that such equality makes sense). In between these two extremes are egalitarian proposals that equalize more than conventional opportunities, yet less than full welfare. Sen (1980) speaks of equality of basic capabilities as a goal; implementing that requires more than starting gate equality, because some will require more resources than others to attain the same capabilities. Meeting basic needs is another objective. Equality of needs fulfillment is perhaps less radical than equality of basic capabilities and more radical than equality of opportunity. Rawls (1971) takes equality of primary goods as a benchmark; he distinguishes primary goods from welfare, but includes among them goods that are more complicated than conventional resources and opportunities, all of which are supposed inputs into any conception of welfare. One could imagine proposing an egalitarianism that equalized some quite measurable outcome across populations, such as infant mortality. That would be an outcome-equalizing theory where the rate of infant mortality is a proxy, presumably, for some more complicated maximand, such as the degree of wellbeing of a population.
Prognosis and impact of equine recurrent uveitis

SummaryReasons for performing study Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is a leading cause of vision loss in horses. Objectives To assess the prognosis and impact of ERU on affected horses and their owners by evaluating the signalment, treatment and outcome (including the loss of use, vision assessment and economic loss). Study design Retrospective impact study. Methods Medical records of horses presenting to the North Carolina State University Veterinary Health Complex (NCSU-VHC) with ERU between 1999 and 2014 were reviewed. Signalment, clinical signs, ophthalmic examination findings, treatments and outcomes were evaluated. Owner questionnaires were completed regarding vision, job/role, monetary value, diagnostic and treatment costs, concurrent illness and outcomes. Results Records of 224 horses (338 eyes) with ERU were reviewed. There was an overrepresentation of Appaloosas (54; 24.1%), Hanoverians (11; 4.9%) and other Warmbloods (13; 5.8%). Ninety-six eyes (28.4%) were diagnosed as blind and 38 eyes (11.2%) with glaucoma on initial evaluation. Leptospirosis titres of serum and/or aqueous humour were obtained in 88 horses and were positive in 40 horses (45.5%), with L. pomona being the most frequently isolated serovar. Globe loss at the NCSU-VHC occurred in 41 ERU eyes (12.1% of total). Owner questionnaires were evaluated in 194 horses (86.6%) and 91 horses (46.9%) were reported blind in the affected eye(s). Fifty-seven horses (29.4%) did not return to their previous role, while 61 (31.4%) performed at a reduced level. Equine recurrent uveitis decreased the monetary value of 164 horses. Twenty-nine horses (14.9%) were euthanised and 37 (19.1%) underwent change in ownership as a direct result of ERU. Conclusions The impact of ERU is attributed to the high frequency of blindness, globe loss and loss of function. Euthanasia and change of ownership are common sequelae to the progressive nature of ERU. These factors, along with financial costs of the disease, have a significant impact on affected horses and their owners. The Summary is available in Chinese – see Supporting Information.
The Herrick Lecture

c f a a a s H h B B h H h p c b t a p s a h n c l w n t c Hero worship or mentor worship is universal; in some ocieties, of course, it is more deeply ingrained than in thers. Those individuals who are the focus of hero or entor worship may be characterized by many things that I ill define as “ity” things. You are perhaps wondering what hose “ity” things are in hero or mentor worship. They nclude, among others, sagacity, tenacity, humility, creativty, curiosity, authority, and honesity. These are the “ity” hings. These qualities belong to the people we would like o grow up to be, although, as I look around this room, many f us are actually already grown up. James Bryan Herrick typifies that kind of individual we ant to grow up to be like. As I read his autobiography, any things come to mind. He and I were born in the same mall town, Oak Park, Illinois. Although some of you might elieve that we were contemporaries, actually, he was a ittle bit ahead of me in school. In fact, we went to the same igh school, Oak Park High School, and in 1877, he and 2 ther boys were the first graduating class ever sent out from hat high school. Although I did not know it at the time, very day as I walked to high school, I walked right by the orner where the house stood in which Dr. Herrick had been orn and in which he grew up. I have no idea whether it was he exact same house, but I do know that it was the exact ame corner: the northwest corner of Oak Park Avenue and ntario Street. After graduating, Dr. Herrick taught at the ame high school that he and I went to. Now, when I was in igh school, I had always thought that Oak Park High chool was 100 years old; perhaps it was, perhaps Dr. errick might have actually walked the same halls that walked. In an interesting footnote, another hero of mine, Ernest emingway, was also born and raised in Oak Park, Illinois. t turns out that after Mother O’Leary’s cow did her thing in 871 and caused the great Chicago fire, Dr. Herrick’s father, ho was a grocer, and Ernest Hemingway’s grandfather, .T. Hemingway, who was then secretary of the Chicago MCA, drove through the “still hot sand of the lakeshore to eliver food” to the needy. Curiosity is one of those “ity” words I mentioned earlier. n Herrick’s own words, he “was thankful for the companonship of other boys, who like myself, were neither hopeessly nor offensively good, whose moral lapses were neiher regarded as sins nor had they left an indelible stain.” errick also wrote about storing cocoons in his dresser rawers and then having to get rid of the mess of eggs efore the grubs hatched out among his shirts and socks. Now, fast forward, if you will, 1/2 century later, when r. Herrick was asked to fill in as a speaker at the annual
Stoichiometric patterns in foliar nutrient resorption across multiple scales

• Nutrient resorption is a fundamental process through which plants withdraw nutrients from leaves before abscission. Nutrient resorption patterns have the potential to reflect gradients in plant nutrient limitation and to affect a suite of terrestrial ecosystem functions. • Here, we used a stoichiometric approach to assess patterns in foliar resorption at a variety of scales, specifically exploring how N : P resorption ratios relate to presumed variation in N and/or P limitation and possible relationships between N : P resorption ratios and soil nutrient availability. • N : P resorption ratios varied significantly at the global scale, increasing with latitude and decreasing with mean annual temperature and precipitation. In general, tropical sites (absolute latitudes < 23°26') had N : P resorption ratios of < 1, and plants growing on highly weathered tropical soils maintained the lowest N : P resorption ratios. Resorption ratios also varied with forest age along an Amazonian forest regeneration chronosequence and among species in a diverse Costa Rican rain forest. • These results suggest that variations in N : P resorption stoichiometry offer insight into nutrient cycling and limitation at a variety of spatial scales, complementing other metrics of plant nutrient biogeochemistry. The extent to which the stoichiometric flexibility of resorption will help regulate terrestrial responses to global change merits further investigation.
Reproducibility of Positive Test Results in the BDProbeTec ET System for Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Nucleic acid amplification tests such as the BDProbeTec ET (BDPT) system are more prone to reproducibility problems than are antigen detection tests and culture. A repeat testing algorithm for all samples with method other than acceleration (MOTA) scores greater than or equal to the cutoff value (2,000) was developed for the BDPT system and applied in a clinical laboratory setting. All positive samples were retested, and if the result of the second test was below the cutoff value, a third test was performed to resolve the discrepancy. Overall, 11 (5.3%) of 207 samples initially positive for Chlamydia trachomatis and 11 (10.7%) of 103 samples initially positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae were not confirmed by repeat testing of the original sample. Poor reproducibility was associated with low-positive MOTA scores (2,000 to 9,999) for both analytes. Only 21 (80.8%) of 26 low-positive samples in the C. trachomatis test and 4 (33.3%) of 12 low-positive samples in the N. gonorrhoeae test retested as positive. The reproducibility of both tests with samples with initial MOTA scores of ≥10,000 increased to 96.7%. The data suggest that retesting of low-positive samples is warranted and could reduce the number of potentially false-positive test results.
Effects of sulfhydryl reagents on basal and vasopressin-stimulated Na+ transport in the toad bladder.

The two-barrier, in series, model of Koefoed-Johnsen and Ussing (1958) has been widely accepted as representative of the basic mechanism of transepithelial active Na+ transport. The first step in the process is presumed to be passive penetration of Na+ across the apical plasma membrane driven by the electrochemical gradient, and the second step is active extrusion of Na+ across the basal-lateral plasma membrane. The Na+ pump in the basal-lateral membrane apparently derives its energy from the hydrolysis of ATP (Skou, 1965).
Kite: IRS Wins QTIP Battle But Loses Annuity War

In Kite, the Tax Court held that a 10-year deferred annuity constituted adequate and full consideration for a transfer of family partnership interests, even though the transferor died before receiving any payments. The court also held that the liquidation of a qualified terminable interest property trust and subsequent sale of its assets constituted a disposition of the qualifying income interest for life, resulting in a deemed transfer of the entire trust under section 2519. Ryan discusses those holdings and two more issues that were not raised in the Tax Court proceeding but are clearly implicated by the Kite facts.