cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diffusion of Hydrogen through Aluminium

THE solubility of hydrogen in aluminium has been determined by Sieverts1, Rontgen and Braun2, and Rontgen and Moller3. These authors agree that the gas is completely insoluble in the solid metal at all temperatures below the freezing point. There are certain difficulties in the direct determination in this case, and we have therefore attempted to detect the diffusion of hydrogen through the solid metal. The method used is that described in a recent paper4.
Market Socialism in North Korea: A Comparative Perspective

Abstract Since the 2002–2003 implementation of economic reforms by the North Korean government, scholars have debated whether they are an attempt at Chinese style reforms and thus a move towards market socialism or merely an effort to strengthen, not replace, the traditional North Korean style chuch'e economic system. To date, with Pyongyang remaining largely silent on the intent of the reforms and continued difficulty in obtaining authoritative details about the state of the economy, no consensus has been reached about the nature and direction of reform. This article addresses the question by developing a multidimensional framework for market socialism against which the reforms can be assessed. Our analysis demonstrates empirical regularities consistent with a multidimensional framework of market socialism across cases and the evidence suggests North Korea has departed from the traditional command economy toward market socialism.
Engineered extracellular matrices with cleavable crosslinkers for cell expansion and easy cell recovery

An unmet need for expansion of primary cells and progenitor cells in three dimensions (3-D) is a synthetic mimic of the extracellular matrix (ECM) with user-controllable composition that would permit rapid recovery of viable cells under mild, non-enzymatic conditions. Three block copolymers based on disulfide-containing polyethylene glycol diacrylate crosslinkers were synthesized, and were used to crosslink thiol-modified hyaluronan and gelatin macromonomers in the presence of cells. The triblock PEGSSDA contained a single disulfide-containing block, the pentablock PEG(SS)(2)DA contained two disulfide blocks, and the heptablock PEG(SS)(3)DA contained three disulfide blocks. For each hydrogel composition, four cell types were encapsulated in 3-D, and growth and proliferation were evaluated. Murine NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, human HepG2 C3A hepatocytes, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) all showed excellent viability and growth during expansion in 3-D in the three disulfide block copolymer crosslinkers. After cell expansion, the hydrogels were dissociated using the thiol-disulfide exchange reaction in the presence of N-acetyl-cysteine or glutathione, which dissolved the hydrogel network. After dissolution, cells were recovered in high yield and with high viability by gentle centrifugation.
Age-related positivity effects and autobiographical memory detail: evidence from a past/future source memory task.

This study investigated whether the age-related positivity effect strengthens specific event details in autobiographical memory. Participants retrieved past events or imagined future events in response to neutral or emotional cue words. Older adults rated each kind of event more positively than younger adults, demonstrating an age-related positivity effect. We next administered a source memory test. Participants were given the same cue words and tried to retrieve the previously generated event and its source (past or future). Accuracy on this source test should depend on the recollection of specific details about the earlier generated events, providing a more objective measure of those details than subjective ratings. We found that source accuracy was greater for positive than negative future events in both age groups, suggesting that positive future events were more detailed. In contrast, valence did not affect source accuracy for past events in either age group, suggesting that positive and negative pas...
Previously Unreported Adverse Reaction to Encainide

We describe a patient with recurrent atrial fibrillation who suffered a previously unreported adverse reaction to encainide therapy manifested by fever, chills, diaphoresis and myalgia. The patient had a similar response upon rechallenging with encainide, which resolved on discontinuation of therapy.
Proteomic analysis of altered protein expression in skeletal muscle of rats in a hypermetabolic state induced by burn sepsis

mRNA profiling has been extensively used to study muscle wasting. mRNA level changes may not reflect that of proteins, especially in catabolic muscle where there is decreased synthesis and increased degradation. As sepsis is often associated with burn injury, and burn superimposed by sepsis has been shown to result in significant loss of lean tissues, we characterized changes in the skeletal-muscle proteome of rats subjected to a cutaneous burn covering 20% of the total body surface area, followed 2 days later by sepsis induced by CLP (caecal ligation and puncture). EDL (extensor digitorum longus) muscles were dissected from Burn-CLP animals (n=4) and controls (sham-burned and sham-CLP-treated, n=4). Burn-CLP injury resulted in a rapid loss of EDL weight, increased ubiquitin-conjugated proteins and increased protein carbonyl groups. EDL protein profiles were obtained by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis using two immobilized pH gradient strips with overlapping pH range covering a pH 3-8 range. Seventeen spots were significantly altered in the Burn-CLP compared with the control group, representing 15 different proteins identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. The identities of three proteins including transferrin were further confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem MS. The significant changes in transferrin and HSP27 (heat-shock protein 27) were verified by Western-blot analysis. HSP60, HSP27 and HSPbeta6 were down-regulated, along with HSP70, as detected by Western blotting. Six metabolic enzymes related to energy production were also down-regulated. A simultaneous decrease in chaperone proteins and metabolic enzymes could decrease protein synthesis. Furthermore, decreased HSPs could increase oxidative damage, thus accelerating protein degradation. Using cultured C2C12 myotubes, we showed that H2O2-induced protein degradation in vitro could be partially attenuated by prior heat-shock treatment, consistent with a protective role of HSP70 and/or other HSPs against proteolysis.
Is ThInPd2 magnetic

Abstract Self-consistent spin-polarized electronic structure calculations predict that TiInPd 2 cannot undergo a magnetic phase transition. This agrees with the neutron scattering data but disagrees with the magnetization result.
Ornstein–Uhlenbeck operator and Wiener functionals generated by Itô- and Mcshane–calculus

In this paper, we discuss the relationship between the vector Ornstein–Uhlenbeck operator L and Ito- and McShane–Calculus, and use the variational calculus to prove an important property of the operator L. The components Li , 1≤i≥, of L defined on q-dim standard Wiener space are discussed to replace the sum operator σLi in earlier work
The effect of diffusivity gradients on diffusion to dislocations

The kinetic theory developed by Cottrell and Bilby (1949) and by Ham (1959) to describe the stress-assisted migration of point defects to dislocations is extended to take into account the gradient in diffusivity that exists in the stress field of dislocations. This diffusivity gradient arises from the interaction between the activation volume of diffusion of the point defects and the stress field of the dislocations. The partial differential equation defining the rate of loss of point defects due to diffusion, drift and diffusivity gradient is presented. The results of numerical integrations of this equation for the case of the dislocation acting as a perfect sink are also reported. It is shown that while the diffusivity gradient influences the rate of defect migration to the dislocation it has no effect on the form of the kinetics. In this respect the results are in substantial agreement with those obtained by Ham in showing t2/3 kinetics only at early times. An important qualitative conclusion to emerge...
Validation of the proposed ISHLT grading system for primary graft dysfunction following lung transplantation

Introduction: Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a frequent early complication of lung transplantation. A grading system has been proposed by the ISHLT for PGD based on arterial oxygenation to fraction of inspired oxygen (P/F) ratios at ICU arrival (T0), 24 hours (T24), and 48 hours (T48) post-transplantation. Our objective was to determine if this PGD grading system is predictive of short-term outcomes. Methods: We reviewed donor and recipient medical records for 369 consecutive lung transplants performed between 1992 and 2003. Grade 0-I recipients had P/F ratios 300, grade II 299–200, and grade III 200. Results: During the study period 237 single (SLT), and 132 bilateral single (BSL) lung transplants were performed. The incidence of severe PGD (grade III) was 25% at T0, 5.4% at T24, and 14% at T48. Grouping recipients by the lowest P/F ratio recorded within 48 (T0-48) hours yielded evenly distributed groups: 130 grade 0-I (35%), 107 grade II (29%), and 132 grade III (35%). Grade III T0-48 recipients had an increased 90 day mortality (18%) versus recipients in grades 0-I (10%) and II (7.5%) (p 0.03). Overall survival (Figure), mean length of ICU and hospital stay also increased in grade III patients (12 and 25 days) versus grades 0-I (4.5 and 15) and II (5.5 and 17 days) (p 0.0001). Conclusions: There is an increased risk of mortality and length of hospital stay associated with grade III PGD. The proposed system can rapidly identify recipients with poor outcomes who may benefit from early aggressive treatment. Refinement of the scoring system may further improve patient risk-stratification.
RECENT RESULTS FROM ATLAS AND CMS ON HIGGS, SUPERSYMMETRY AND PHYSICS BEYOND THE STANDARD MODEL SEARCHES

The large hadron collider (LHC) physics program is finally on the way to help uncover the mechanism responsible for electroweak symmetry breaking, with each of experiments collecting up to 5 fb-1 of data at center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. In this review, we summarize searches for physics beyond the Standard Model at ATLAS and CMS experiments at LHC.
Improving the efficiency of table‐driven CI

Khait and Hoffmann Int J Quantum Chem 2001, 81, 130 have proposed improvements to the efficiency of the table-CI method of Buenker and co-workers for handling spin-adapted functions in configuration-interaction studies of open-shell systems. It is shown that significant further efficiency can be obtained by using methods and formulas published nearly 40 years ago by the present author. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Trajectory Reconstruction of a Sounding Rocket Using Intertial Measurement Unit and Landmark Data

This paper presents trajectory reconstruction of the ST-9 (space technology) sounding rocket experiment using the onboard inertial measurement unit data and descent imagery. The raw inertial measurement unit accelerometer measurements are first converted into inertial acceleration and then used in trajectory integration. The descent images are preprocessed using a map-matching algorithm and unique landmarks for each image are created. Using the converted inertialmeasurement unit data anddescent images, the result fromdead-reckoning and the kinematicfix approaches are first compared with the global positioning system measurements. Then, both the inertial measurement unit data and landmarks are processed together using a batch least-squares filter and the position, velocity, stochastic acceleration, and camera orientation of each image are estimated. The reconstructed trajectory is compared with the global positioning system data and the corresponding formal uncertainties are presented. The result shows that inertial measurement unit data and descent images processed with a batch filter algorithm provide the trajectory accuracy required for pinpoint landing.
Effect of chilling on membrane related functions of platelets.

The effect of short-term exposure of human platelets to 4C was studied with respect to membrane structure and function. The distribution of membrane polypeptides and glycopeptides analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gel electrophoresis showed no difference in chilled, fresh or room-temperature stored platelets. Similarly unaffected by chilling were Na+ flux and glutathione content. The electrophoretic mobility of cold-exposed platelets was significantly lower than that of fresh or room-temperature exposed platelets. The uptake of 45Ca++ was well preserved when platelets were stored for up to four hours at 4 C but showed a marked decrease at 22 C. The contractile response of platelets to hypotonic stress decreased rapidly on chilling concomitant with the length of exposure to cold temperature. These findings extend the known cold-induced changes in platelets to include membrane structure and function.
The Relationship between Fibromyalgia and the Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome

Fibromyalgia (FM) patients often report a high frequency of non-musculoskeletal symptoms, including those suggestive of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) syndrome. The objective of this pilot stu...
Minireview: Not picking pockets: Nuclear receptor alternate-site modulators (NRAMs)

Because of their central importance in gene regulation and mediating the actions of many hormones, the nuclear receptors (NRs) have long been recognized as very important biological and pharmaceutical targets. Of all the surfaces available on a given NR, the singular site for regulation of receptor activity has almost invariably been the ligand-binding pocket of the receptor, the site where agonists, antagonists, and selective NR modulators interact. With our increasing understanding of the multiple molecular components involved in NR action, researchers have recently begun to look to additional interaction sites on NRs for regulating their activities by novel mechanisms. The alternate NR-associated interaction sites that have been targeted include the coactivator-binding groove and allosteric sites in the ligand-binding domain, the zinc fingers of the DNA-binding domain, and the NR response element in DNA. The studies thus far have been performed with the estrogen receptors, the androgen receptor (AR), the thyroid hormone receptors, and the pregnane X receptor. Phenotypic and conformation-based screens have also identified small molecule modulators that are believed to function through the NRs but have, as yet, unknown sites and mechanisms of action. The rewards from investigation of these NR alternate-site modulators should be the discovery of new therapeutic approaches and novel agents for regulating the activities of these important NR proteins.
Energetic Particles from the Sun

This paper discusses solar cosmic ray phenomena and related topics from the solar physical point of view. Basic physics of the solar atmosphere and solar flare phenomena are, therefore, considered in some detail. Since solar cosmic rays are usually produced by solar flares, we must first understand the processes and mechanism of solar flares, especially the so-called proton flares, in order to understand the acceleration mechanism of solar cosmic rays and their behaviour in both the solar atmosphere and interplanetary space. For this reason, detailed discussion is given on various phenomena associated with solar flares, proton flare characteristics, and the mechanism of solar flares.
Helpful and nonhelpful events in brief counseling interviews: An empirical taxonomy.

Volunteer students' descriptions of the immediate therapeutic impact of the most and least helpful counselor responses in 24 brief one-session helping interviews provided the basis for an empirical taxonomy of change events in counseling. Eighty-six helpful and 70 nonhelpful counselor responses were identified and described by students and clustered by independent judges. These responses were rated for counselor response modes or intentions by raters, counselors, and students. Cluster analyses identified eight kinds of helpful events grouped into two “superclusters” that correspond to task and interpersonal aspects of helping interactions. The predominant cluster in the Task supercluster was New Perspective; the predominant cluster in the Interpersonal supercluster was Understanding. Six kinds of nonhelpful events were identified, the most common being Misperception, Negative Counselor Reaction, and Unwanted Responsibility. Event types were described in terms of the counselor actions typically associated with them.
Magnetically Dominated Accretion Flows (MDAFS) and Jet Production in the Lowhard State

In this paper I propose that the inner part of a black hole accretion inflow (<100 r g) may enter a magnetically dominated, magnetosphere-like phase in which the strong, well-ordered fields play a more important role than weak, turbulent fields. In the low/hard state this flow is interior to the standard ADAF usually invoked to explain the observed hot, optically thin emission. Preliminary solutions for these new MDAFs are presented.
Diabetic nephropathy: Aldosterone breakthrough in patients on an ACEI

Blockade of the renin–angiotensin system has beneficial effects in patients with diabetic nephropathy; however, this treatment can induce aldosterone breakthrough and thus become ineffective. New data indicate that aldosterone breakthrough develops even when maximal doses of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor are administered to patients with diabetic nephropathy.
Length dependence of critical current in thin superconductors

Abstract The critical current and its dependence on the length of a thin superconducting wire between two normal metals and the voltage difference across the wire at the critical current is calcualted. The latter arises from the conversion of the normal current into supercurrent and vice versa at the contacts. It is found that the critical current is zero when the length of the wire is π coherence lengths or smaller.
Flexible versus dedicated technology: A capacity expansion model

Over the past two decades, flexible manufacturing systems have been adopted in a variety of industries. Shorter product lives have necessitated acquiring flexible facilities. Further, the economies of scope that can be derived from producing products with different seasonality have made flexible facilities attractive. At the same time, dedicated facilities (such as transfer lines) have not disappeared because they offer economies of scale beneficial in high volume manufacturing environments. Hence, when producing a wide variety of products with different seasonality and demand growth rates, firms need to consider both economies of scale and economies of scope in deciding whether to acquire capacity of flexible or dedicated technology or both. In this paper, we consider the problem of making capacity acquisition decisions, when there is a choice of flexible and dedicated technologies available in a deterministic multi-product manufacturing environment with demand assumed to be nondeclining over time. We present a novel formulation of the problem and show the equivalence of the formulation to the uncapacitated plant location formulation. This enables us to use a very efficient solution procedure (Erlenkotter 1978) to solve even large problems optimally. We then present the results of an extensive computational study performed to evaluate the impact of key problem parameters on the proportion of flexible and dedicated capacity acquired. An interesting result of the study is that the proportion of flexible capacity acquired decreases with increasing scale economies. We also find that investment in flexible technology is significant even when it is relatively more expensive than dedicated technology.
Health care issues in presidential campaigns.

Presidential campaigns are unique events in American political life. They provide the only opportunity for the public to express its views as one on a vast array of critical policy issues, includin...
A reduced-dynamics variational approach for the assimilation of altimeter data into eddy-resolving ocean models

Abstract A new method of assimilating sea surface height (SSH) data into ocean models is introduced and tested. Many features observable by satellite altimetry are approximated by the first baroclinic mode over much of the ocean, especially in the lower (but non-equatorial) and mid latitude regions. Based on this dynamical trait, a reduced-dynamics adjoint technique is developed and implemented with a three-dimensional model using vertical normal mode decomposition. To reduce the complexity of the variational data assimilation problem, the adjoint equations are based on a one-active-layer reduced-gravity model, which approximates the first baroclinic mode, as opposed to the full three-dimensional model equations. The reduced dimensionality of the adjoint model leads to lower computational cost than a traditional variational data assimilation algorithm. The technique is applicable to regions of the ocean where the SSH variability is dominated by the first baroclinic mode. The adjustment of the first baroclinic mode model fields dynamically transfers the SSH information to the deep ocean layers. The technique is developed in a modular fashion that can be readily implemented with many three-dimensional ocean models. For this study, the method is tested with the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) configured to simulate the Gulf of Mexico.
A mobile tactical electronic telephone system

The design of a 4-wire light-weight electronic automatic telephone system intended for tactical use by the United States Field Army is described. The reasons for the choice of a time-division multiplex system using semiconductors are given. The error-correcting signalling system employed and the means adopted to achieve an easilytransportable rapidly-installed system are described. The system includes a key-sending telephone, local, long-distance and tandem switchboards, and it uses either radio, carrier or a.f. interconnections between switchboards. The components used and the circuit configuration chosen are selected to ensure that the specified military reliability objectives are met. Modular construction is employed in order to simplify maintenance in the field.
Performance of nano/micro CBN particle coated tools in superfinish hard machining

Abstract A two-stage composite coating method has been developed for coating of nano/micro cubic boron nitride (CBN) particles on cutting tools. Since nano/micro CBN particle coated tools are more cost-effective than solid polycrystalline CBN (PCBN) tools, a comprehensive study on the coated tools is required. This paper studies the performance of these tools in superfinish hard machining. Specimens were machined by a solid PCBN tool and CBN particle coated tools with two different CBN particle size distributions: less than 0.5 and 2 μm. The specimen machined by a tool with small CBN particle coating (less than 0.5 μm) showed more compressive residual stresses and less thermal damage below the machined surface than other specimens. Furthermore, the specimen machined by a tool with small CBN particle showed less residual stress scatter than other specimens. The rolling contact fatigue life was predicted by using a rolling contact fatigue life model. The rolling contact fatigue life predictions indicate that the predicted life of the specimen machined by a tool with small CBN particle coating is longer than that of other specimens. The results thus indicate that a tool with small CBN particle coating provides better performance than other tools in superfinish hard machining.
Characterization and Detection of sc4: A Sixth Gene Encoded by Sonchus Yellow Net Virus

Abstract The nucleotide sequence of a sixth gene (sc4) of the plant rhabdovirus sonchus yellow net virus (SYNV) was determined from viral genomic and poly(A) + cDNA clones. The sc4 gene is 1196 nucleotides (nt) and has an open reading frame of 972 nt that is capable of encoding a protein of 324 amino acids, primer extension analyses of poly(A) + RNA isolated from infected plants indicate that the 5′ end of the sc4 mRNA corresponds to nucleotide 2840, relative to the 3′ end of the minus-sense genomic RNA and extends to nucleotide 4035. A 43-nt untranslated leader sequence precedes the predicted first AUG codon and a 181-nt untranslated sequence follows the translational stop codon. This gene is similar to the other SYNV genes in that it is flanked on each side by a conserved gene junction sequence. Polyclonal antibodies raised to an sc4 fusion protein react with a 37-kDa protein in virus-infected plants that is close to the predicted size of the sc4 protein. Western blot analyses of cellular fractionations from infected plants show that sc4 is membrane associated and sucrose density gradient analyses demonstrate that sc4 sediments in the same fractions as SYNV virions. Analysis of the sc4 open reading frame reveals that 16% of the amino acids are serine or threonine residues and that the protein has four potential consensus casein kinase II phosphorylation sites. The deduced amino acid sequence of sc4 also contains a motif related to alpha amylases and aspartic proteases. This completes the sequence determination of the 13,720-nt SYNV genome.
An analysis of the scholarly productivity of instructional technology faculty

The resumes of 132 instructional technology (IT) faculty were analyzed in an effort to assess the scholarly productivity of IT faculty. Faculty were surveyed to identify leading basic and applied IT journals and to determine overall publication patterns. The findings indicate that individuals who are now full professors have a higher publication rate than faculty at lower ranks in instructional systems/educational technology programs. On an annual basis, individuals in educational psychology programs published more applied, basic, and overall research than faculty in other academic affiliations.
A device for studies of the early stages of post-spinning crystallization in polymer fibres

Abstract An apparatus for investigation of the early stages of crystallization under tension of polymeric fibres has been constructed. The heating time of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibre with filament diameter of 20 μm was measured to be about 16 ms at a heating rate of 104 K s−1. The experimental results showed multistage crystallization at low stress. At high stress and temperatures, the crystallization process exhibits only one stage. The activation energy of the process and the crystallization velocity are derived.
The Calculation of Spectroscopic Jahn−Teller Parameters by ab Initio Methods

We report a general method for the calculation of Jahn−Teller coupling constants by ab initio methods widely available today in standard packages. The vibrational frequencies corresponding to those obtained experimentally are calculated at the symmetric position using a generalized restricted Hartree−Fock (GRHF) wavefunction. The energy of the symmetric configuration is calculated as a conical intersection using a complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) wavefunction. The energy of the distorted configuration is calculated using the same CASSCF active space and occupations. The difference in energy of these two CASSCF calculations is the Jahn−Teller stabilization energy. In addition to the total energy of the state at the cusp, the conical intersection calculation determines the vector along which the molecule will distort. This vector is projected onto the normal modes of the molecule, obtained via the GRHF calculation, so that estimates of the experimentally observable linear Jahn−Teller cou...
Parenting Behavior as Mediator and Moderator of the Association Between Marital Problems and Adolescent Maladjustment

The present study examines the mediating and moderating effects of parenting behavior on the relation between marital problems and adolescent maladjustment. Extending earlier studies by using a prospective, longitudinal research design and multi-informant methods, this study of 451 adolescents and their families from the Iowa Youth and Families Project demonstrates that parenting behavior mediates the relation between marital problems and adolescent outcomes. The results also suggest that both marital conflict and distress are harmful for adolescents. Furthermore, not just one aspect, but a broad range of parenting behaviors links marital problems to adolescent maladjustment. Finally, there was limited evidence that parenting behavior moderates the influence of marital problems on adolescent adjustment by intensifying the adverse impact of marital difficulties.
Commentary on “Surrogate Endpoints in AIDS Drug Development: Current Status,” by Christy Chuang-Stein and Ralph Demasi*

This paper offers commentary on “Surrogate Endpoints in AIDS Drug Development-Current Status” by Cristy Chuang-Stein and Ralph DeMasi which appears in this issue of the Drug Information Journal. Chuang-Stein and DeMasi pose the question: “Are researchers likely to be misled?” by surrogate endpoints, but the critical question is “How likely are researchers to be misled?” This commentary provides a brief review of AIDS treatments and knowledge. A reasonable strategy for assessing new HIV therapies might be to couple studies in pre-AIDS patients using viral load endpoints with studies in more advanced patients that can evaluate effects on clinical progression and mortality in a timely way. Researchers cannot answer the question “how likely” until they have seen marker and clinical data for a wide variety of products.
The influence of atmospheric nitrogen influx upon the stream nitrogen profile of a relatively undisturbed forested watershed

Abstract The influence of nitrogenous atmospheric inputs on the nitrogen chemistry profile of a stream was examined, using linear regression analysis techniques. The test site was the West Fork Walker Branch watershed, a relatively undisturbed 38.4-ha forested watershed in northeast Tennessee. The concentrations in parts per million (ppm) of ammonianitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen and organic-nitrogen, and the corresponding loading rates of each of these nitrogen forms in kilograms per hectare per week (kg ha −1 week −1 ) were used to describe the nitrogen chemistry profile of the stream. A range of independent variables, including meteorological and hydrologic factors and watershed characteristics and their associated nitrogen chemistries, was used in the statistical analysis. The results indicate that, for the West Fork watershed at least, the influx of nitrogenous compounds from the atmospheric to the terrestrial system significantly impact upon the nitrogen chemistry profile of the stream. The magnitude of this impact was found to be dependent on season, source of influx (i.e. wetfall, dryfall, etc.), and the form of nitrogen being analyzed in the stream.
High mannose type N‐linked oligosaccharides on endothelial cells may influence β2 integrin mediated neutrophil adherence in vitro

We report herein on the role of N-linked oligosaccharide processing of endothelial cell surface proteins on the adhesion of neutrophils. Monolayers of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated for 24 h with deoxymannojirimycin (DMJ), an inhibitor of golgi mannosidase I, which results in changes in glycoprotein processing, and then incubated with neutrophils to examine their ability to adhere to the treated endothelial cells. Treatment with DMJ, which leads to accumulation of high mannose type oligosaccharides, resulted in a twofold increase in adherence of phorbol ester (PMA) activated neutrophils compared to attachment to untreated endothelial cells. This adherence was likely mediated by the β2 integrin, Mac-1, and could be specifically inhibited with monoclonal antibodies to ICAM-1 and to the integrin β2 subunit. Similarly, IL-1 treatment resulted in a β2 integrin mediated increase in neutrophil adherence to the DMJ treated endothelial cells in a dose dependent manner. However, the IL-1 induced adherence was not significantly inhibited by the anti-ICAM-1 antibody, thus, suggesting the presence of other inducible components on the endothelial cell surface. Our results demonstrate that alterations in glycosylation of N-linked oligosaccharides, resulting in the synthesis of high mannose type sugars on molecules that may interact with the β2 integrins, leads to an increased adherence of PMA activated neutrophils to endothelial cells. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Regulatory Mechanisms of the Calcium Transport System of Fragmented Rabbit Sarcoplasmic Reticulum II. Inhibition of outflux in calcium-free media

The outflux of calcium from vesicles of sarcoplasmic reticulum is controlled by the concentration of ionized calcium in the medium. In a calcium-free medium calcium outflux is at a minimum provided ATP and Mg are present. If they are removed calcium outflux becomes rapid and has a rate constant similar to that of outflux during steady-state 40Ca-45Ca exchange with saturating calcium concentrations in the medium. In order to maintain the low permeability state of the membrane only the presence but not the continued hydrolysis of ATP is necessary.
A CFD study of propane/air microflame stability

A two-dimensional elliptic computational fluid dynamics model of a microburner is solved to study the effects of microburner wall conductivity, external heat losses, burner dimensions, and operating conditions on combustion characteristics and the steady-state, self-sustained flame stability of propane/air mixtures. Large gradients are observed, despite the small scales of the microburners. It is found that the wall thermal conductivity is vital in determining the flame stability of the system, as the walls are responsible for the majority of the upstream heat transfer as well as the external heat losses. Furthermore, there exists a range of flow velocities that allow stabilized combustion in microburners. It is found that the microburner dimensions strongly affect thermal stability. Engineering maps denoting flame stability are constructed and design recommendations are made. Finally, comparisons with methane/air systems are made.
The Spin Scan Camera System: Geostationary Meteorological Satellite Workhorse for a Decade

The spin scan camera was first flown on ATS-1 from 1966 to 1973 to continuously monitor the global atmospheric circulation. Later, modified versions with improved sensor capabilities were flown on ATS-3 and SMS. Today, the GOES series of spin scan cameras is in regular operational use. The value of the spin scan camera as a dependable meteorological workhorse requires proper functioning of the entire camera system, composed of four main elements: a) a spinning spacecraft whose highly stable and predictable motions generate a time divisible precision scan and therefore a metric image; b) a telescope having both on-axis image quality and a wide field of view; c) a data chain which in-corporates duty cycle improvement and uses the spacecraft as a communication link to distribute the image data to users; and d) image display and analysis techniques which permit organizing a large number of images in the time domain and efficiently selecting and measuring data of greatest importance.
From STEM to STEAM: Towards aerospace partnerships with cultural heritage diagnostics

What would happen if archaeology and aerospace joined forces to test and develop new technology? Not only would it be the basis for an epic movie, there is considerable need in emerging fields of archaeology, like cultural heritage diagnostics, where a fruitful partnership could be forged. Both cultural heritage diagnostics and engineering groups share needs for multi-dimensional and multi-spectral surveying, immersive collaboration environments for visualizing results for analytics, and layered reality annotation systems to engage the scientific community and capture crowd-sourced feedback. The University of California, San Diego (UCSD) hosts the Center of Interdisciplinary Science for Art, Architecture, and Archaeology (CISA3), which is focused on engineering and adapting technology towards cultural heritage diagnostics for these purposes. CISA3 would like to build and consolidate new bridges between industry, academia, and government research to develop, test, and explain new tools to explore the cultural world around us with systems typically dreamt of in science fiction space exploration.
Depreciation and the conservation of energy

Abstract It is argued that accelerating the rate at which firms can depreciate existing capital can move forward the date at which they will switch to more energy efficient processes. The price effect of inelastic industrial demand for energy might thereby be muted.
Response familiarization and subsequent paired-associate learning for mixed and unmixed lists of differential meaningfulness

Two experiments, one with lists containing items of mixed meaningfulness and the other with lists of unmixed meaningfulness, related response familiarization, via free recall learning, to subsequent paired-associate learning. Both relevant and irrelevant familiarization were superior to no familiarization, but the advantage of relevant over irrelevant familiarization was limited to responses of low meaningfulness only and to the unmixed condition only.
Documenting the Efforts of the Home Countries: Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Émigré Collections in the United States of America

The article discusses work by Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia with Polish-American, Czech-American, and Slovak-American collections in the United States.
Lactating dairy cows adapt quickly to being milked by an automatic milking system.

Abstract Transitioning a dairy herd to an automatic milking system (AMS) from a conventional parlor system may be stressful for the cow, as many changes occur during this process. Chronic stress may affect the welfare of the cow, and acute stress during milking can decrease milk yield. Therefore, it is important to quantify if and how long stress during adaptation to an AMS might persist. Seventy-seven cows with acceptable udder and teat conformation that would not interfere with adaptation to the AMS and that were lactating n=18, early [0 to 100 d in milk (DIM)]; n=27, mid (100 to 200 DIM); and n=32, late (200+ DIM) for the full duration of the project were chosen for observation. All cows had been milked previously in a double-6 herringbone milking parlor. Four stress-related behaviors [step-kick behavior both before and after attachment of teat cups, elimination (urination and defecation instances), and vocalization] were recorded during milking by trained observers, whereas milk yield was automatically recorded by the AMS. Data were collected for 24-h periods beginning on the day the cows transitioned to milking in the AMS (d 0), and on d 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 thereafter. Instances of elimination and vocalization were greater on d 0 compared with all other days (elimination: d 0=3.1±0.09, d 1=0.6±0.07, and 0±0 instances thereafter; vocalization: d 0=1.7±0.07, d 1=0.05±0.04, and 0±0 instances thereafter). Milk yield increased between d 0 (18.3±1.7kg) and d 1 (30.9±1.7kg). Primiparous cows (n=28) were more likely than multiparous cows (n=49) to display step-kick behaviors both before (8.3±2.5; 5.5±0.6, respectively) and after (15.6±2.4; 13.3±1.3, respectively) teat cup attachment during milking. Eight days after introducing the cows to the AMS, over 60% of the herd was milking voluntarily and 95% of the herd was milking voluntarily within a month, which suggests that cows did not find the AMS aversive. Greater elimination and vocalization behavior and lower milk yield on d 0 relative to subsequent days indicated initial stress and discomfort with the milking process in the new system; however, the cows appeared to adapt within 24h.
Solving (1, q) KdV gravity

Abstract In this paper we explicitly compute the correlation functions of the (1, q ) series of the KdV hierarchy i.e. models with q − 1 primary fields. We also find from algebraic considerations a ghost number conservation law for the (1, q ) models. All the results in this paper follow from the algebraic properties of the KdV hierarchy without using any extraneous information from a field theory interpretation. We find the interesting result that some correlation functions vanish even when they conserve ghost number. This is an indication for further selection rules.
Interactions of human serum albumin with retinoic acid, retinal and retinyl acetate

Human serum albumin (HSA), a major plasma protein and plasma-derived therapeutic, interacts with a wide variety of drugs and native plasma metabolites. In this study the interactions between HSA and small lipophilic molecules all-trans retinoic acid (RA), all-trans retinaldehyde (retinal, RAL) and all-trans retinyl acetate (RAC) were investigated by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD). This paper focuses on investigation of the interactions between HSA and RA by the visible CD. RAL and RAC were used in this study due to their structural identity to RA to elucidate the importance of the end functional group for the complex formation. Our data demonstrate that RA specifically binds to HSA in a stable non-covalent complex at least at two internal binding sites with close but distinct affinities. Upon titration of HSA with RA, visible CD spectra clearly demonstrate the appearance of a well-defined induced positive Cotton Effect (CE) around 350 nm. Beyond ligand-to-protein ratio of 0.8 and up to saturation (2.0), CD exhibits two major bands of opposite signs, suggesting exciton coupling between the chromophore molecules in the protein interior. The fluorescence quenching data suggest proximity of the primary RA binding site to tryptophan (W214). RAC shows a weak association with HSA with stoichiometry close to that of RA, while interactions of RAL with HSA proceed non-specifically at multiple sites. Contrary to RA, the adducts of HSA with RAC and RAL do not show any induced chirality, thus indicating that despite their high structural similarity to RA, both compounds do not appear to occupy the internal binding sites, but associate with the protein exterior.
Treatment for osteonecrosis of the femoral head: comparison of extracorporeal shock waves with core decompression and bone-grafting.

BackgroundThere is continuing controversy regarding the optimal treatment for patients with symptomatic early-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head. We compared the results of noninvasive treatment with extracorporeal shock waves with those of core decompression and bone-grafting in similar groups
Nuclear metabolism of polycyclic hydrocarbons and interaction of polycyclic hydrocarbons with nuclear components.

Nuclear aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity which was demonstrated by a specific histofluorescent technique, is present at 15–20% of the corresponding microsomal activity. Cytochrome P450 is also present within the nucleus and both the AHH and hemopigments are inducible by prior treatment of the rats with 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC). Other inducing agents of the nuclear AHH included pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile, phenobarbital, arochlor 1254, β-naphthoflavone and benzo(a) pyrene (BP). The control nuclear and microsomal AHH were similarly inhibited by 1-benzylimidazole, diethylmaleate, SKF 525A, and metyrapone; α-naphthoflavone inhibited the induced nuclear and microsomal enzymes to a similar degree. Rat liver nuclei were incubated with 14C-BP or 3H-(±)trans-7–8,dihydrodiol of BP (3H-BP-7,8-diol) in the presence of a NADPH-generating system. The total nuclear metabolism was stimulated by 11-fold by prior administration of 3MC to the rats. The nucleic were able to oxidize BP to the 9,10-, 4,5- and 7,8-dihydrodiols, the 3,6- and 1,6-quinones as well as the 3- and 9-phenols. BP-7,8-dihydrodiol formation, under these circumstances, was enhanced by 29-fold. The rat liver nuclei were also able to produce (±)-7β,8α-dihydroxy-9β,10β-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro BP (diol epoxide 1), (±)-7β,8α-dihydroxy-9α,10α-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro BP (diol epoxide 2) from 3H-BP-7,8-diol. Pretreatment of the rats with 3MC resulted in an increase in this nuclear metabolic activity by 4-fold. Aralkylation of DNA, histones and nonhistone components was demonstrated after incubation of 3H-BP with liver nuclei and a NADPH-generating system in these in vitro systems. The aralkylation of each of these macromolecules was stimulated by prior treatment of the rats with 3MC. The HIV histones were aralkylated to the least extent. The alkylated deoxyribonucleosides produced after enzymatic digestion of the incubated DNA were separated by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography. Two peaks of radioactivity were noted after incubation with the parent polycyclic hydrocarbon while only 1 peak was seen after incubation with the diol derivative. These results emphasize the importance of nuclei in the metabolism of BP and in the subsequent alkylation of DNA; these reactions may be related to mutagenesis or carcinogenesis.
Regeneration of cassava plants from apical meristems

Abstract Cassava plants were regenerated from meristems of five cultivars; Colombia No. 800, Llanera, Venezuela No. 255, Ecuador No. 133 and Mexico No. 35. Using benzyladenine (BA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at molar concentrations of 5·.10−7, 10−7 and 10−7, Respectively, resulted in complete plant development on Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with vitamins as in B5. GA3 in combination with NAA resulted in root formation, while BA with NAA produced callus and storage roots. The meristems were cultured in a growth cabinet at 26°, 60% relative humidity, and exposed to a light intensity of 4000 lux from cool, white fluorescent lamps using a light and dark cycle of 18/6 h.
Role Playing As a Group Intervention

Role playing is an effective intervention technique that has been broadly adapted for use in academic research and applied settings. A classification scheme for organizing these diverse role-playing uses, in terms of intraindividual and intact group change, is presented. Furthermore, it is suggested that research and implementation of role playing would be best served by an interactional perspective.