cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-performance liquid chromatography separation and quantitation of methylprednisolone from rat brain

A sensitive, reliable method for the extraction, separation, and quantitation of methylprednisolone from rat brain is reported. The method can accurately quantitate methylprednisolone levels between 9.8 and 2500 ng/injection using a two-step HPLC separation and monitoring absorbance at 254 nm. A 90% extraction recovery of methylprednisolone (interday variation of 9.0% and an intraday variation of 0.0 to 7.7%) from rat cortex was obtained with a double extraction method using low toxicity solvents. These solvents are known to quantitatively extract the neutral lipids and phospholipids from brain. Combined with the ability to separate the neutral lipid and methylprednisolone fractions for further separation, and the ability to separate all phospholipid classes in the first run, this method offers great utility combined with the reliable, high extraction recovery and sensitive quantitation of methylprednisolone.
A national survey examining the professional work life of today's nursing faculty.

Summary Objective To examine factors that influence faculty member's work life in order to provide a supportive environment for recruiting and retaining nursing faculty. Design A cross-sectional non-experimental design incorporating correlation-based analyses gathered from a 45-item online survey. Setting The survey gauged several aspects of the nurse faculty work life, including teaching competence, productivity, and organizational support. Participants US nurse faculty employed at either a CCNE or NLNAC accredited nursing program. Methods A stepwise linear regression analysis was conducted to ascertain which aspects of work life significantly predicted nurse faculty members' intent to stay or leave the faculty role. A one-way ANOVA examined whether faculty members' intent to stay or leave the faculty role varied as a function of generation. Results Data from 808 useable surveys demonstrated that perceptions of administration's support for faculty improvement, perceptions of productivity, choice of pursuing a professional career in nursing, and the application of perceived teaching expertise significantly predicted faculty members' intent to stay or leave the faculty role. Moreover, generational membership influenced faculty members' intent to stay or leave the faculty role. Conclusions Academic nurse administrators can positively affect the work life of their faculty and their intent to stay in the organization through support for the development of teaching and research roles with time and resources, recognition of faculty efforts, consideration of faculty needs from individual and generational perspectives, and targeted mentoring for career development.
Comparative investigations of gluten proteins from different wheat species

The only commercially available immunoassay for gliadin determination in gluten-free food which has been ring-tested and in use for many years, is a test kit based on monoclonal antibodies against ω-gliadins. Various studies of the literature have shown that different gliadin standards resulted in different calibration curves, and it has been proposed that the affinity of ω-gliadins to the monoclonal antibodies varied among wheat varieties. To clarify this fundamental problem, total gliadins and the ω-gliadins from a winter wheat ("Rektor"), a spring wheat ("CWRS"), a wheat rye hybrid ("Herzog") and varieties of spelt, durum wheat, emmer and einkorn, were isolated and analyzed by means of an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) kit based on antibodies against ω-gliadins. Additionally, single α- and γ-gliadins of Rektor wheat were studied. The results demonstrated that the calibration curves derived for total gliadins differed, in parts, strongly from that of the kit gliadin standard; only the curves for the durum wheat and spelt gliadins were in congruence with the kit gliadin. Single ω-gliadins revealed strong differences between and within wheat species and ELISA equivalents had a range from 10 to 220% according to kit gliadin. The affinity of ω-gliadins was not correlated with the calibration curves of total gliadins. Some of the α-gliadins of Rektor wheat showed ELISA equivalents similar to those of ω-gliadins. Because the proportions of α-gliadins in total gliadins were significantly higher than those of ω-gliadins, the unspecific binding of α-gliadins contributed much more to the total affinity of gliadins than the specific binding of ω-gliadins. γ-Gliadins, however, did not show any detectable affinity.
Incentive design for home computer security

Home computer users frequently lack the skills necessary to ensure proper security. Hackers exploit this to control large networks of computers (.botnets.) that are used for spam, extortion, and fraud. I integrate ideas from psychology and economics to design software that provides incentives that induce better security choices by home computer users.
Plane infinitesimal waves in homogeneous elastic plates

Using the theory of elastic Cosserat plates, we obtain conditions for reality of the frequencies of vibration.
Growth of InGaAsP in a stagnation flow vertical reactor using TBP and TBA

Abstract Growth of InP and InGaAsP using tertiarybutylphosphine (TBP) and tertiarybutylarsine (TBA) with a showerhead stagnation flow vertical reactor is reported for the first time. In a close-spaced showerhead design with an inlet-susceptor spacing of 1–2 cm, thermal decomposition of TBP and TBA and subsequent coating on the showerhead may affect the reproducibility. This can be prevented by keeping the total flow rate above the minimum value depending on the spacing. The group III element incorporation is controlled by the momentum boundary-layer thickness. The group V composition and Si doping by disilane are controlled by the gas sweep speed which determines precursor decomposition, while Zn doping by diethylzinc is controlled by its partial vapor pressure. While taking a full advantage of the uniformity, most of the growth condition changes caused by the total flow rate or the reactor pressure are quantitatively explained because the gas flow pattern is determined almost exclusively by reactor geometry.
Analyzing the impact of service provider empowerment on perceptions of service quality inside an organization

Abstract The purpose of the project was to analyze the perceptual linkages between empowerment and employees' perceptions of the service quality that they are able to provide for the organization. The service quality and empowerment literature are reviewed and connected in order to establish propositions about the relationship. The service quality literature also suggests that several other variables may influence service quality, and these are included in the investigation. A survey was administered to individuals employed in customer service positions in a catalog operation of a large retailer located in a major western city. The results suggest that the perceptual linkage between empowerment of individuals and the service quality that the service providers were able to deliver had a strong positive relationship in this organization. The empowerment components competence and impact were significantly associated with perceived service quality in separate multivariate regression analyses. In addition, the construct intrinsic rewards for quality service was highly associated with perceptions of service quality. Also, the extent to which service providers believe members of the organization value exceptional customer service (i.e., a service quality culture exists in the firm) had a strong, positive relationship with perceptions of service quality.
Observations on cell adhesion and separation following enzyme treatment

Summary The rate of adhesion to, and ease of separation from glass, in vitro, of a strain of cells was determined at various times after treatment with enzymes. The results show that at different times following enzyme treatment, cells from the same suspension culture exhibit different patterns of attachment and detachment from controls. These experiments on a model system suggest that cellular regeneration following tissue disaggregation procedures may well affect cell segregation in vitro, which is dependent on cellular adhesion and separation.
Microstructure, stability and thermomechanical behavior of crack-free thin films of nanoporous gold

Nanoporous gold thin films were prepared by dealloying and were completely crack-free, with a continuous ligament network across grain boundaries. Film stress increases during dealloying, and thermal cycling causes thermoelastic deformation. Ligament width coarsens during cycling to 200 °C, but at higher temperatures the porous structure densifies. The stability of nanoporous films may also depend on film thickness. From the biaxial film stress, the equivalent yield strength of nanoporous gold was calculated to be at least 1.8 GPa.
Variance with alternative scramblings of digital nets

There have been many proposals for randomizations of digital nets. Some of those proposals greatly reduce the computational burden of random scrambling. This article compares the sampling variance under different scrambling methods. Some scrambling methods adversely affect the variance, even to the extent of deteriorating the rate at which variance converges to zero. Surprisingly, a new scramble proposed here, has the effect of improving the rate at which the variance converges to zero, but so far, only for one dimensional integrands. The mean squared L2 discrepancy is commonly used to study scrambling schemes. In this case, it does not distinguish among some scrambles with different convergence rates for the variance.
Catch Property in Single Mammalian Motor Units

The tension output of single motor units in the cat triceps surae muscle was studied during patterned stimulation of the innervating motoneurons. With repetitive stimulation within a rather narrow frequency range, the tension output of slow-twitch (type S) motor units may be quite sensitive to the pattern of stimulus intervals in the train. The presence of only one stimulus interval that is much shorter than the others in the train can cause marked, long-lasting tension enhancement, provided that the stimulus repetition rate in the basic train is within certain limits.
Rare earths, other trace elements and iron in Luna 20 samples.

The results of the analysis by neutron activation of six samples from the Luna 20 mission and one sample of less than 1 mm fines from Apollo 16 are reported. The concentrations of the rare-earth elements (REE) in the samples of fines from Luna 20 and Apollo 16 are less than those found for corresponding materials from the mare areas but a negative Eu anomaly is still present. The concentrations of the REE in fines from Luna 20 are only about two-thirds as great as in the sample of Apollo 16 fines, but the concentration of Co, Sc and Cr are greater by factors ranging from 1.5 to 2.3.
A simple microprocessor-controlled photoperiod incubator

A simple programmable, microprocessor-controlled photoperiod incubator unit is described. This unit can be assembled with minimal workshop facilities and tools. A single microprocessor controls four or more photoperiod boxes which may be located in one or more controlled temperature chambers. These units are particularly useful for investigation of photoperiod effects on algal growth, morphogenesis and reproduction. The basic concept is easily modified and adapted for different experimental purposes.
SOCIOLOGY AND THE CRISIS OF THE PRESENT (2007 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS)

This essay attempts to take a broad view of the historical forces that have shaped the discipline of sociology and continue to shape it. It is organized around the concept of crisis, arguing that sociology has been produced by crises and that it has been defined by its responses to crises. It identifies an ethic of control and manipulation as a chief product of 19th century responses. It suggests that we have once again entered a period of disruption and rapid change, and that the current challenge of sociology is to situate ourselves, reflexively, within a dense web of philosophical, psychological, social, biological, and environmental linkages, recognizing that we can never see the network in its entirety because we ourselves are nodes within it. However, the ethic of control and manipulation that we have inherited from earlier sociological responses often prevents sociologists from developing an immanent, reflexive, and ecological approach to the crisis of the present that would enable us to place ours...
Vertical migration and mortality of benthos in dredged material—part I: Mollusca

Abstract Benthic invertebrates have many characteristics which make them prime candidates for burial studies in dredged material. A major concern in dredging and disposal projects is the effect of burial on the survival of benthic invertebrates. The purpose of the research reported in this paper was to determine the ability of estuarine benthos—in particular three species of molluscs (Mercenaria mercenaria, Nucula proxima and Ilyanassa obsoleta)—to migrate vertically in natural and exotic sediments and to determine the survival of benthos when exposed to particular amounts of simulated dredged material. Mortalities generally increased with increased sediment depth, with increased burial time and with overlying sediments whose particle size distribution differed from that of the species native sediment. Temperature affected mortalities and vertical migration. It was concluded that vertical migration is a viable process which can significantly affect rehabilitation of a dredged disposal area. Under certain conditions, vertical migration should be considered, together with larval settling and immigration from outside impacted areas, as a mechanism of recruiting a dredgedump site.
Intraaortic debris as a potential source of embolic stroke.

Abstract It is estimated that 10 to 20% of strokes are due to embolic phenomena.1 Patients with embolic strokes are often referred for echocardiographic evaluation to identify potential cardiac sources of emboli. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is often unsuccessful in identifying an embolic source. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has been shown to have a higher sensitivity for identifying sources of emboli, but in almost 50% of these patients, no cardiac source of emboli is found.2 However, the heart is only 1 possible source of emboli. For many years, atherosclerotic lesions in the carotids and ascending aorta have been known to generate debris that embolize distally to produce cerebral ischemia.3,4 TEE offers the ability to visualize the intimal surface of the thoracic aorta and allows detection of atherosclerotic lesions that may have the potential for embolization.5 This study examines whether patients with embolic strokes referred to find the cardiac source of emboli have complex aortic atherosclerotic plaques more often than do age-matched control subjects.
Assessment of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive innervation in five subregions of the nucleus accumbens shell in rats treated with repeated cocaine.

To explore the effects of behavioral sensitization on the anatomy of the nucleus accumbens shell, we employed a typical cocaine dosing paradigm and assessed tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive varicosities in five different areas of the shell, as well as the core of the nucleus accumbens. Rats were given bidaily injections of either saline (1 ml/kg i.p.) or cocaine (15 mg/kg i.p.) for 5 consecutive days, and sacrificed either 2 or 14 days from the last injection. Sections of the nucleus accumbens were processed for tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity and the number of immunoreactive varicosities in contact with neuronal cell bodies was quantified in each of the subregions of the shell, as well as the core of the nucleus accumbens. Compared to saline controls, the cocaine-treated animals showed a significant augmentation in tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in two of the five subregions after 2 days of withdrawal in the shell, but not in the core. No differences were found in any region tested after 14 days of withdrawal. These data are the first to suggest that increases in nucleus accumbens presynaptic tyrosine hydroxylase may play a role in the development of behavioral sensitization, but not in the long-term expression of this phenomenon.
Cholelithiasis: A frequent complication of artificial heart valve replacement

The results of this investigation reveal that 39 per cent of patients in a study group of 46 patients with heart valve prostheses had gallstones if they survived 18 months or longer following valve replacement. In contrast, the prevalence of gallstones in a general population of autopsied rheumatic heart disease patients, including those who had been operated for severe valvular heart disease and had not survived for more than one month, was only 12 per cent. These findings suggest that gallstones are a frequent late complication of heart valve replacement.
Inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation by type β-transforming growth factor: Interactions with acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors

Abstract TGFβ is a potent (ED 50 ∼10 −11 M) inhibitor of the proliferative activities of both acidic and basic FGF on vascular and capillary endothelial cells in vitro . The inhibition of cell growth is dose-dependent and characteristic of a non-competitive interaction. The results demonstrate that TGFβ and FGF can interact at the cellular level to modulate growth and suggest that many of the biological activities of FGF observed in vitro and in vivo (ie angiogenesis, cell growth, cell differentiation) may be regulated by the presence of TGFβ and related proteins (ie inhibin) in the local cellular milieu. The possible identity of TGFβ with the inhibitors of endothelial cell growth detected in in vitro assays of crude extracts is discussed.
Quantitative Drug Levels in Stimulant Psychosis: Relationship to Symptom Severity, Catecholamines and Hyperkinesia

To examine the relationship between quantitative stimulant drug levels, catecholamines, and psychotic symptoms, nineteen patients in a psychiatric emergency service with a diagnosis of amphetamine- or cocaine-induced psychosis were interviewed, and plasma and urine were collected for quantitative assays of stimulant drug and catecholamine metabolite levels. Methamphetamine or amphetamine levels were related to several psychopathology scores and the global hyperkinesia rating. HVA levels were related to global hyperkinesia but not to psychopathology ratings. Although many other factors such as sensitization may play a role, intensity of stimulant-induced psychotic symptoms and stereotypies appears to be at least in part dose-related.
Combined radiotherapy and Corynebacterium parvum treatment of rat tumors with different immunogenicity

Abstract This report presents evidence that combined radiotherapy and Corynebacterium parvum treatment gives better results than radiotherapy alone in rats bearing a chemically induced highly immunogenic transplanted fibrosarcoma termed BP 179; however, similar behavior is not observed with either of two weakly immunogenic mummary carcinomas, 13762 or ME/H. Relative immunogenicity is determined by the ability of immunized rats to reject tumor cell challenge. Both 13762 and ME/H carcinomata grow progressively and metastasize early to the retroperitoneal cavity and lungs if they are left untreated. Local radiotherapy of the primary tumor has no influence on growth of metastases whether it is combined with C. parvum or not. Results of cell-mediated cytotoxicity studies with lymphocytes from BP 179 and ME/H tumor bearing rats treated with radiation or radiation plus C. parvum support the in vivo findings of combined radiotherapy. These data suggest that unlike strongly immunogenic tumors, weakly immunogenic tumors will not respond better to C. parvum combined with radiation therapy.
Identifying Intracellular pDNA Losses From a Model of Nonviral Gene Delivery

Nonviral gene delivery systems are a type of nanocommunication system that transmit plasmid packets (i.e., pDNA packets) that are programmed at the nanoscale to biological systems at the microscopic cellular level. This engineered nanocommunication system suffers large pDNA losses during transmission of the genetically encoded information, preventing its use in biotechnological and medical applications. The pDNA losses largely remain uncharacterized, and the ramifications of reducing pDNA loss from newly designed gene delivery systems remain difficult to predict. Here, the pDNA losses during primary and secondary transmission chains were identified utilizing a MATLAB model employing queuing theory simulating delivery of pEGFPLuc transgene to HeLa cells carried by Lipofectamine 2000 nonviral DNA carrier. Minimizing pDNA loss during endosomal escape of the primary transmission process results in increased number of pDNA in the nucleus with increased transfection, but with increased probability of cell death. The number of pDNA copies in the nucleus and the amount of time the pDNAs are in the nucleus directly correlates to improved transfection efficiency. During secondary transmission, pDNAs are degraded during distribution to daughter cells. Reducing pDNA losses improves transfection, but a balance in quantity of nuclear pDNA, mitosis, and toxicity must be considered in order to achieve therapeutically relevant transfection levels.
Binary search trees with limited rotation

A parameterized binary search tree callediR tree is defined in this paper. A user is allowed to select a level of balance he desires. SR tree is a special case ofiR tree wheni=1. There are two new concepts in SR trees: (1) local balancing scheme that balances the tree locally; (2) consecutive storage for brother nodes that reduces pointer space. Although we may introduce empty nodes into the tree, we can show that only 1/8 of the nodes may be empty on the average, so it may still be advantageous in cases when record sizes are small. Insertion (and deletion) into SR trees can be done in timeh + O(1) whereh is the height of the tree. The average searching time for SR trees is shown to be 1.188 log2k wherek is the number of keys. Generalization of the results of SR trees toiR in general is also given.
Impact of the Internet on interorganizational relationships

The Internet brings enormous advantages to organizations in the forms of standardization, power of networks, and inexpensive operations. Past decade has seen an increase in cooperative relationships among organizations. Despite the acknowledgment of the impact of the Internet on interorganizational relationships (IORs), there is a paucity of empirical research in this area, particularly for service firms, with regard to their entire life cycle. Using a field-based survey, in cooperation with the Gallup Organization, this study empirically examines some of the effects of the Internet on different stages of the life cycle of IORs. Based on the data collected from 206 firms (majority small service firms with less than 500 employees), results of our study show that the Internet has effected every stage of IOR life cycle, has increased the frequency and opportunities to find new partners, has affected the selection criteria that they use finding to select new partners, has improved the quality of relationships with existing partners, and increased the partnership performance. These effects though were not the same for different types of partnerships. The research found that the Internet has had the greatest effect for medium-level integration types of partnerships, which include non-equity strategic alliances and networks.
Green economy in China: Regional variations and policy drivers

For policy makers in China, the development of a green economy presents opportunities and challenges not only for the central government, but also for provincial and city governments. This study measures clean energy economy at the city level in China, by counting green jobs and firms through an analytical approach. As shown in this study, green jobs and green firms are distributed unevenly across different regions in China. This study also quantifies provincial clean energy policies in China and finds significant variations in clean energy policy actions. Spatial error model (SEM) analyses indicate that local clean energy policies, along with socio-economic factors such as population, per capita gross domestic product, educational attainment, emissions of sulfur dioxide, and marketization of the regional economy, explain the variation in green economy across cities. Cities located in a province with clean energy policies have 54.3% more green jobs and 61.8% more green businesses, compared with cities located in a province without such policies.
Skull fracture vs. accessory sutures: how can we tell the difference?

Plain film radiography remains the most cost effective method in evaluating skull fractures and can easily differentiate major sutures and common vascular grooves from fractures. However, in children this can be complicated due to the presence of numerous synchondroses and unusual accessory sutures. Plain film evaluation is especially challenging not only because of various artifacts that can degrade the study but also the inability to visualize intracranial processes, such as contusions and hemorrhage, that can substantiate a calvarial finding. Minimal soft tissue swelling can be difficult to see even with oblique views. Superimposition of normal suture lines like the metopic suture can mimic a fracture if one is not careful to obtain additional views [1]. During the past decade, the increasing use of spiral and multidetector CT have lead to the ability of workstations to generate three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of the skull. Therefore if cranial CT is deemed clinically necessary in trauma patients, questionable fractures can be confidently differentiated from unusual accessory sutures using these additional workstation capabilities.
Some properties of ECS-induced amnesia for a long-term habit

Two experiments investigated the phenomenon of ECS-induced anmesia for a long-term habit acquired in a K maze for food reward. In Experiment I, rats acquired a position habit in the K maze, and half of the subjects were extinguished to handling and startbox cues for 7 days. On the 7th day, half of the extinction subjects and half of the subjects not given extinction were individually placed in the startbox of the K maze and given ECS. The remaining subjects were placed in the startbox and given sham ECS. Half of the subjects in each of the four resulting groups were tested at 24 h, and the remainder were tested at 96 h. The results of the 24-h test supported a previous finding that ECS subjects not given prior extinction to handling and startbox cues showed anmesia. However, this amnesia was transient, as indicated by memory recovery in subjects tested at 96 h. Experiment II failed to provide any evidence that ECS, when Preceded by footshock, induced amnesia for the K maze position habit under conditions of food reward. These results suggest that the nature of the stimulus preceding ECS is critical to the production of amnesia and that the nature of the anmesia effected under these conditions may result from a dissociation of learning.
The Xenon Record of Extinct Radioactivities in the Earth

Analyses of xenon from well gas rich in carbon dioxide reveal a large excess of radiogenic xenon-129 from the decay of extinct iodine-129. Smaller excesses observed in the heavy xenon isotopes are from fission. These results place narrow limits on any age difference between the earth and the oldest meteorites. The occurrence of excess radiogenic xenon-129 in well gas also suggests that any quantitative degassing of existing solid materials to form the atmosphere must have been limited to a very early period of the earth's history, approximately the first 108 years. Alternatively, this observation is consistent with a model of the earth's continuous, but still incomplete, degassing since its time of formation.
High current gain graded GaN/InGaN heterojunction bipolar transistors grown on sapphire and SiC substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

High-current-gain GaN/InGaN double heterojunction bipolar transistors having a graded-base and emitter design grown on sapphire and SiC substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition are presented. Improved device performances result from the improvement of the InGaN graded layer material quality and the p-type doping enhancement as well as the improvement of device fabrication techniques. The devices show common-emitter incremental current gain values above 35. Device operation is demonstrated at temperatures as high as 300°C. The results demonstrate the potential of the graded InGaN emitter-base junction design for high-performance III-nitride heterojunction bipolar transistors. 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Content Analysis of the PhD Versus EdD Dissertation

Abstract Typically, the PhD degree is said to be more research oriented, whereas the EdD is aimed more at the educational practitioner. We compared the two degrees with regard to research design, statistics, target populations, significance of results, age of subjects, and other characteristics. Samples of 1,007 PhD and 960 EdD dissertations were selected from Dissertation Abstracts International from 1950–1990. We found that the percentage of PhD dissertations is increasing and is higher for women; PhD dissertations contained more multivariate statistics, had wider generalizability, and were more prevalent in certain areas of concentration. The EdD dissertations contained more survey research and were most prevalent in educational administration research. No differences between the degrees were found in basic versus applied or in significance of findings.
A VIRTUAL TESTING ENVIRONMENT FOR ELECTRIC PROPULSION-SPACECRAFT INTERACTIONS

Modeling and simulation are playing an ever more important role in space environments and effects research activities. In recent years, the sophistication of the models and the capability of state-of-the-art supercomputers have reached such a level that in many cases one can produce simulation results that are in good quantitative agreement with experimental data. For example, the 3-D ion thruster plume model described in Wang et a1.[2001] produced results that are in excellent agreement with data taken from Deep Space 1 in-flight measurements. The recent advance in simulation capabilities suggests that "virtual" experiments using first-principle based models may be used to replace real experiments to quantify spacecraft environment interactions for many applications.
Correlates of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Completion Among Adolescent Girl Initiators

Objective. To examine correlates of vaccine series completion among young adolescent US girls who initiated the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. Methods. We analyzed National Immunization Survey–Teens 2012 provider-verified data to examine correlates of HPV vaccine completion among 13- to 17-year-old girls who initiated HPV vaccine in 2012 (N = 4548). Results. The weighted vaccine series completion rate among 13- to 17-year-old girl initiators was 66.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 64.0-69.3). Adolescent girls who were older, residents of the Northeast (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.36; 95% CI, 1.07-1.73), and had provider-verified seasonal influenza vaccination in the past year (aPR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.32-2.11) and provider recommendation (aPR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.10-1.77) were more likely to complete the 3-dose vaccine series. Conclusions. Parents of younger adolescent girls need to be educated about the importance of completing the 3-dose HPV vaccine series. Provider recommendation for the vaccine w...
Observation of Polymorphic Change through Analysis of FBRM Data: Transformation of Paracetamol from Form II to Form I

In the present research, batch cooling crystallization of paracetamol from ethanol solutions is used as a model system for exploring the utility of focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) data in detection of the formation and/or transformations of polymorphs in situ. Paracetamol is known to exist in three different polymorphic forms. The transition between Form I crystals (octahedrons) and Form II crystals (needle-like) is considered here. Such different shapes generate different chord length densities, and by tracking the chord-length density and the total chord counts through an efficient use of the FBRM, we show that it is possible to monitor the transition from Form II to Form I.
Speaking while monitoring addressees for understanding

Abstract Speakers monitor their own speech and, when they discover problems, make repairs. In the proposal examined here, speakers also monitor addressees for understanding and, when necessary, alter their utterances in progress. Addressees cooperate by displaying and signaling their understanding in progress. Pairs of participants were videotaped as a director instructed a builder in assembling 10 Lego models. In one group, directors could see the builders’ workspace; in a second, they could not; in a third, they gave instructions by audiotape. Two partners were much slower when directors could not see the builders’ workspace, and they made many more errors when the instructions were audiotaped. When their workspace was visible, builders communicated with directors by exhibiting, poising, pointing at, placing, and orienting blocks, and by eye gaze, head nods, and head shakes, all timed with precision. Directors often responded by altering their utterances midcourse, also timed with precision.
Mental Rotation, Mental Representation, and Flat Slopes

Abstract The "mental rotation" literature has studied how subjects determine whether two stimuli that differ in orientation have the same handedness. This literature implies that subjects perform the task by imagining the rotation of one of the stimuli to the orientation of the other. This literature has spawned several theories of mental representation. These theories imply that mental representations cannot be both orientation-free and handedness-specific. We present four experiments that demonstrate the contrary: mental representations can be both orientation-free and handedness-specific. In Experiment 1 we serendipitously discovered a version of R. N. Shepard and J. Metzler′s (1971) "mental rotation" task in which subjects accurately discover the handedness of a stimulus without using "mental rotation," i.e., in which reaction time to compare the handedness of two forms is not a function of the angular disparity between the two forms. In Experiment 2 we generalize this finding to different experimental procedures. In Experiment 3 we replicate this finding with a much larger group of subjects. In Experiment 4 we show that when we preclude the formation of an orientation-free representation by never repeating a polygon, subjects carry out the handedness comparison task by performing "mental rotation."
151 PACEMAKER THERAPY FOR SICK SINUS SYNDROME IN CHILDREN

We evaluated our recent experience with pacemaker (PM) treatment of sick sinus syndrome (SSS) in pediatric patients (pts). In the past 5 years, 21 pts underwent implantation of permanent PM for SSS: 12 had had prior surgery for associated structural heart disease (SHD), 5 had no SHD; 2 had drug-induced SSS, 1 had unoperated SHD, 1 had cardiomyopathy. The median age was 8 yrs (range 2-21 yrs). Twenty pts had syncope or marked exercise intolerance. Each pt had an intracardiac electrophysiologic study and each had an abnormal corrected sinus node recovery time (mean 687 ± 53msec SEM). Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) was documented in 15 pts: 7 atrial muscle reentry, 4 sinus node reentry, 2 Kent bundle reentry, 1 AV node reentry, 1 atrial ectopic focus. Ten pts had normal AV conduction and received an epicardial atrial PM. Eleven pts had abnormal AV conduction and received an epicardial ventricular PM. No pt has died during mean followup of 31 mos (range 6-63 mos). Symptoms due to bradycardia were relieved in each pt. SVT has become easier to control in 11/15 pts; SVT worsened in both pts with Kent bundles. One atrial PM and 2 ventricular PMs failed to sense, requiring revision. No PM has failed to capture and no battery has yet depleted. We conclude: pacing for SSS in pediatric pts reliably relieves symptoms of bradycardia, facilitates treatment of SVT and may prevent sudden death.
Nuclear size of G1/S transition cells measured by flow cytometry.

Abstract Cellular DNA content and nuclear diameter data were measured for exponential and plateau phase Chinese hamster lung cells (line V 2 79-171b) by flow cytometric analysis using mithramycin supravitally-stained cells. The nuclear diameter distributions were heterogeneous for both exponential and plateau phase cells. For exponential cells, a given nuclear diameter was not unique for any phase of the cell cycle. Based on dual-parameter contour and skewness analysis, it was concluded that the G1 transition to S phase occurs independent of G1 nuclear size.
Enable device-to-device communications underlaying cellular networks: challenges and research aspects

Device-to-device communication underlaying a cellular network is a promising technology in future wireless networks to improve network capacity and user experience. While D2D communication has great potential to improve wireless system spectral and energy efficiency due to the proximity of communication parties and higher spectrum reuse gain, tremendous work is still ongoing to turn the promising technology into a reality. This article discusses D2D technical challenges as well as standards progress and important research aspects that enable D2D communications underlaying cellular networks. The key research areas addressed include interference management, multihop D2D communications, and D2D communications in heterogeneous networks. When enabling D2D communications underlaying cellular networks, D2D communications can use either cellular downlink or cellular uplink resources. The two resource sharing modes will create different interference scenarios. The performance evaluation on D2D communications underlaying cellular networks under these two different scenarios is provided.
A future perspective on lithium-ion battery waste flows from electric vehicles

As a proactive step towards understanding future waste management challenges, this paper presents a future oriented material flow analysis (MFA) used to estimate the volume of lithium-ion battery (LIB) wastes to be potentially generated in the United States due to electric vehicle (EV) deployment in the near and long term future. Because future adoption of LIB and EV technology is uncertain, a set of scenarios was developed to bound the parameters most influential to the MFA model and to forecast “low,” “baseline,” and “high” projections of future end-of-life battery outflows from years 2015 to 2040. These models were implemented using technology forecasts, technical literature, and bench-scale data characterizing battery material composition. Considering the range from the most conservative to most extreme estimates, a cumulative outflow between 0.33 million metric tons and 4 million metric tons of lithium-ion cells could be generated between 2015 and 2040. Of this waste stream, only 42% of the expected materials (by weight) is currently recycled in the U.S., including metals such as aluminum, cobalt, copper, nickel, and steel. Another 10% of the projected EV battery waste stream (by weight) includes two high value materials that are currently not recycled at a significant rate: lithium and manganese. The remaining fraction of this waste stream will include materials with low recycling potential, for which safe disposal routes must be identified. Results also indicate that because of the potential “lifespan mismatch” between battery packs and the vehicles in which they are used, batteries with high reuse potential may also be entering the waste stream. As such, a robust end-of-life battery management system must include an increase in reuse avenues, expanded recycling capacity, and ultimate disposal routes that minimize risk to human and environmental health.
Molecular structure of a high potential cytochrome c2 isolated from Rhodopila globiformis.

Abstract Unlike their mitochondrial counterparts, the c-type cytochromes typically isolated from photosynthetic nonsulfur purple bacteria display a wide range of oxidation–reduction potentials. Here we describe the X-ray crystallographic analysis of the cytochrome c 2 isolated from Rhodopila globiformis. This particular c-type cytochrome was selected for study because of its anomalously high redox potential of +450 mV. Crystals employed in the investigation belonged to the space group I4 1 with unit cell dimensions of a = b = 79.2 A, c = 75.2 A, and two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The structure was solved by the techniques of multiple isomorphous replacement with two heavy-atom derivatives and electron density modification procedures. Least-squares refinement of the model reduced the R -factor to 18.7% for all measured X-ray data from 30.0 to 2.2 A. The overall structural motif of the protein is composed of five α-helices, one type I turn, and six type II turns. As in other cytochromes c, there are two conserved water molecules located in the heme-binding pocket. Overall, the three-dimensional structure of the R. globiformis molecule is more similar to the eukaryotic c-type cytochromes than to other bacterial proteins.
Natural resource trustee partnering in the urban river restoration initiative

Many urban rivers in the United States contain severely contaminated sediments that adversely affect aquatic life and limit recreational and economic uses. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimated in 1997 that more than 1.2 billion cubic yards of contaminated sediment exist nationwide. In response to this situation, a new interagency cooperative program to restore rivers affected by contaminated sediments is being undertaken. This program, called the Urban River Restoration Initiative, offers a new opportunity for natural resource trustee agencies to address problems on a watershed basis in partnership with other federal, state, and local entities. On July 2, 2002, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) and EPA signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) entitled “Restoration of Degraded Urban Rivers” to coordinate remedial, water quality, and environmental restoration activities under the Clean Water Act, Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and the Water Resources Development Acts. The MOU calls for the identification of eight pilot projects to be announced and undertaken within one year of the date of the MOU. The principal Federal natural resource trustee agencies (Interior and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA]) are likely to be heavily involved with the Corps, EPA, and state and local agencies in preparing comprehensive, watershed-based plans for the eight pilot projects, and in undertaking such plans. A model for such partnering already is evolving in the Passaic River, New Jersey, watershed, where a cooperative study currently is being planned for a project that is likely to be named as one of the eight pilots. The Passaic River, located in the heartland of the U.S. industrial revolution, is one of the most complex riverine restoration challenges in the nation. The Passaic River Restoration Initiative, as the project is called, involves a partnership among four Federal and two state agencies. These are Interior, NOAA, the Corps, EPA, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and the New Jersey Office of Maritime Resources. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has been designated as the administrative trustee for the effort. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catalysis of Selective Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange at Allylic Positions Using Deuterium Oxide

Deuterated organic compounds can be prepared efficiently and cost effectively by the direct exchange of a hydrogen atom by a deuterium atom on a carbon center rather than classical synthetic procedures. H/D exchange is achieved at allylic positions of alkenes catalyzed by alkene isomerization catalyst 1. An outstanding degree of deuteration is achieved at positions accessible by isomerization in homogeneous and biphasic reaction settings.
Profilin promotes barbed-end actin filament assembly without lowering the critical concentration.

The mechanism of profilin-promoted actin polymerization has been systematically reinvestigated. Rates of barbed-end elongation onto Spectrin.4.1. Actin seeds were measured by right angle light scattering to avoid confounding effects of pyrenyl-actin, and KINSIM was used to analyze elongation progress curves. Without thymosin-beta4, both actin and Profilin. Actin (P.A) are competent in barbed-end polymerization, and kinetic simulations yielded the same bimolecular rate constant ( approximately 10 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1)) for actin monomer or Profilin. Actin. When measured in the absence of profilin, actin assembly curves over a 0.7-4 microM thymosin-beta4 concentration range fit a simple monomer sequestering model (1 microM K(D) for Thymosin-beta4. Actin). The corresponding constant for thymosin-beta4.pyrenyl-Actin, however, was significantly higher ( approximately 9-10 microM), suggesting that the fluorophore markedly weakens binding to thymosin-beta4. With solutions of actin (2 microM) and thymosin-beta4 (2 or 4 microM), the barbed-end assembly rate rose with increasing profilin concentration (0.7-2 microM). Actin assembly in presence of thymosin-beta4 and profilin fit a simple thermodynamic energy cycle, thereby disproving an earlier claim (D. Pantaloni and M.-F. Carlier (1993) Cell 75, 1007-1014) that profilin promotes nonequilibrium filament assembly by accelerating hydrolysis of filament-bound ATP. Our findings indicate that profilin serves as a polymerization catalyst that captures actin monomers from Thymosin-beta4. Actin and ushers actin as a Profilin. Actin complex onto growing barbed filament ends.
Infant Assessment and Reduction of Sudden Unexpected Postnatal Collapse Risk During Skin-to-Skin Contact

Abstract To encourage use of skin-to-skin contact with all healthy term infants during the first two hours of life and throughout their mothers’ postpartum hospitalization, an easy, rapid newborn assessment tool, the “RAPP”, has been developed to enhance labor and delivery and mother-baby nurses’ ability to swiftly and accurately assess newborn physiologic condition. The “RAPP” assessment (respiratory activity, perfusion, and position) tool is being proposed as a way to swiftly evaluate infants’ physiologic condition and position. Position of the infant is a key factor in minimizing risk of Sudden Unexpected Postnatal Collapse (SUPC). SUPC is an emerging complication of skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding in the first hours and days post-birth. The “RAPP” assessment parameters and flow sheet are discussed, risk factors for SUPC are enumerated, and a checklist to prevent SUPC is presented so skin-to-skin contact can be safely provided.
Adjustability in production and dynamic effects of domestic competition policy

Abstract This study explores the effect on trade balance of suppressing competition in the domestic non-tradable sector through the interaction between the short-run adjustment and the long-run adjustment in production process. Constructing a model that can capture a more short-run aspect than Yano (2001), this study demonstrates that the effect depends on the factor intensity ranking between the tradable sector and the non-tradable sector. In this model, a change in the price of the tradable good at time 0 plays an important role to explain this result.