cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The impact of postpartum depressed mood on mother-infant interaction: Like mother like baby?

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that mothers with depressed mood would exhibit less optimal interaction than their nondepressed counterparts and that their infants would show similar deficits in interactional behavior. Twenty-two mothers and their 2-month-old infants were videotaped in to-minute free-play segments in a laboratory playroom, and their interactions were coded using both time-sampling and global clinical ratings of behavior. Mothers with depressed mood were judged significantly lower on overall positive interaction, Expressivity/Affective Involvement, and Responsivity/ Sensitivity than were nondepressed mothers. Infants of mothers with depressed mood were rated significantly lower than infants of nondepressed mothers on corresponding interaction domains. Mothers with depressed mood were also rated as more variable than nondepressed mothers along a continuum of withdrawal to controlling/intrusive behavior. Contrary to prediction, level of maternal stimulation and infant activity did not differ as a function of depression in maternal mood. We conclude that mild to moderate symptoms of maternal depression may have salient but selective effects on mother-infant interaction. Pour tester l'hypothese selon laquelle les meres atteintes du blues postpartum feraient preuve d'une interaction moins optimale que leurs homologues non-deprimees et que leurs nourrissons feraient egalement preuve de deficits similaires dans leur comportement interactionnel, 22 meres et leurs nourrissons de deux mois ont ete enregistres a la camera video durant des segments de seances libres de jeu de 10 minutes dans une salle de jeu de laboratoire. Les interactions ont ete codees en utilisant des evaluations globales cliniques de comportement et des evaluations echantillon-temps (“time-sampling”) de comportement. Les meres deprimtes ont ete jugees comme ayant des niveaux nettement plus bas d'interaction positive generale, de Participation Affective/& Expressivite, et d'Affection/Sensibilite que les meres non-deprimees. Les nourrissons des meres deprimees ont recu des evaluations beaucoup plus basses que les nourrissons de meres non-deprimees dans des domaines d'interaction correspondants. Les meres deprimees ont egalement ete evaluees comme plus changeantes que les meres non-deprimees le long d'un continuum de retrait vers un comportment de contrǒle/intrusif. Contrairement aux predctions, le niveau de stimulation maternelle et de l'activite du nourrisson n'a pas change en tant que fonction de la depression dans l'humeur maternelle. Nous conclusons que de legers A moderes symptomes de depression peuvent avoir des effets saillants mais selectifs sur l'interaction mere-nourrisson.
BREEDING SYSTEM IN FICUS CARICA, THE COMMON FIG. I. FLORAL DIVERSITY'

Coevolution in Ficus carica (Moraceae) and the fig wasp (Blastophaga psenes, Agaonidae, Chalcidoidea) has resulted in a complex breeding system involving two tree morphs (Caprifig and Edible fig), three floral forms (long-styled female, short-styled female, and male flowers) and the insect pollinator. The two female floral forms have been reported to differ only in style length and stigma shape. In the present study, we demonstrate that the two female flowers differ from inception-short-styled flower primordia are smaller and exhibit significantly greater individual variation than do those of the long-styled flower, and the relative growth rate of each flower type differs. Mature forms exhibit disparity in style length, in stigma characteristics, and in degree of fusion of stylar lobes. Female flowers of both tree morphs are unisexual from inception. Male flowers ofthe Caprifig tree morph are initiated as hermaphrodites and gynoecium abortion occurs before megaspore mother cell stage. A single inflorescence therefore expresses two pathways to unisexuality. Hermaphrodite flower primordia were repeatedly found in the supposedly unisexual female syconium of the Edible fig tree morph. Based on its developmental
Intermolecular trapping of acylpalladium and related acylmetal derivatives with active C–H compounds

Abstract The reaction of aryl and alkenyl iodides and bromides with highly acidic ketones in the presence of CO (40–45 atm), NEt3 (1–2 equiv.), and 5 mol% of Cl2Pd(PPh3)2 in DMF at 100°C provides the corresponding enol carboxylates formed via trapping of putative acylpalladiums with O-enolates. In cases where alkenyl halides are used, the initially formed products can cyclize to give the corresponding lactones.
Production of SiC–C composites by free-pressureless spark plasma sintering (FPSPS)

Synthesis of silicon carbide agricultural waste-derived activated carbon composite nanomaterials is demonstrated at heating rates of 25–100 °C up to 1600 °C in vacuum. The synthesis technique utilizes a novel free-pressureless spark plasma sintering (FPSPS) process. Improved macroscopic structural integrity is achieved through the development of SiC nanowire networks and preliminary specific surface area values of 69 m 2 g −1 are measured, exhibiting potential application in catalyst support and adsorption applications. The advantages and potential of FPSPS processing for this material system are discussed.
Some Aspects of Serbian Religious Development in the Eighteenth Century

The eighteenth century was an era of conflict and radical change within the Serbian church. After the establishment of Ottoman control in the Balkan peninsula, the Serbian nation remained united solely by the bonds of the church. It was the center of life and the unchallenged leader of the community. However, in the eighteenth century new ideals and new loyalties emerged which threatened the position of predominance previously enjoyed by the church. Religious nationalism gradually gave way before secular nationalism as the ideas of the enlightenment took root among the Serbs living within the Habsburg empire, until by the end of the century the church as an instrument of national unification had been relegated to a position of secondary importance. Moreover, the change was the result not only of the absorption of western thought by the Serbian intellectuals, but also of the rivalries of the Christian churches in the Balkans, a conflict whose roots are to be found in this century.
Video Retrieval Based on Semantic Concepts

An approach using many intermediate semantic concepts is proposed with the potential to bridge the semantic gap between what a color, shape, and texture-based ldquolow-levelrdquo image analysis can extract from video and what users really want to find, most likely using text descriptions of their information needs. Semantic concepts such as cars, planes, roads, people, animals, and different types of scenes (outdoor, night time, etc.) can be automatically detected in the video with reasonable accuracy. This leads us to ask how can they be used automatically and how does a user (or a retrieval system) translate the user's information need into a selection of related concepts that would help find the relevant video clips, from the large list of available concepts. We illustrate how semantic concept retrieval can be automatically exploited by mapping queries into query classes and through pseudo-relevance feedback. We also provide evidence how a semantic concept can be utilized by users in interactive retrieval, through interfaces that provide affordances of explicit concept selection and search, concept filtering, and relevance feedback. How many concepts we actually need and how accurately they need to be detected and linked through various relationships is specified in the ontology structure.
Internal stress in plasma polymer films prepared by cascade arc torch polymerization

Thin plasma polymer films were deposited from several liquid monomers (mainly siloxane-type monomers) in a low-temperature cascade arc torch (CAT) reactor. The effects of monomer structures and plasma parameters on internal stress in the films were experimentally studied. By appropriately adjusting these factors, the internal stress in the film was reduced nearly two orders of magnitude from 109 to 107 dyn/cm2. It was noted that the polymer films prepared from siloxane-type monomers showed lower internal stress than their hydrocarbon counterpart. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies indicated that a large amount of SiOSi structure from siloxane monomers, which are very flexible bonds, was preserved in the resultant plasma polymers. Ellipsometry results suggested that the internal stress can be qualitatively correlated with the refractive index of the plasma polymer film. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 1577–1587, 1999
Microbore HPLC column performance and temperature programming capabilities.

Microbore columns (1 mm i.d.) are compared to conventional 4.6 mm i.d. columns with respect to speed, efficiency and sensitivity. If column lengths, particule diameter, packing efficiency, mobile phase, and linear velocity are the same, most chromatographic properties such as speed (analysis time), efficiency, pressure drop, and sensitivity are the same. The major differences are the column volumes, the void volumes, and the volumetric flow rates for equal linear flow velocities. The low flow rates of microbore columns (30 to 200 μl/min), conserve solvent and make for easier interfacing to other instruments such as MS, NMR, or FTIR. Temperature programming of microbore HPLC columns produces faster analyses for large k′ values, increased sensitivity (due primarily to sharper peak shape), and increases the range of compounds which can be handled in an isocratic mode.
Information asymmetry and aggressive behaviour in male house crickets, Acheta domesticus

Aggressive interactions can play an important role in the reproduction of many species. Several factors (e.g. resource value, asymmetries among contestants in fighting ability, and information asymmetry) influence the amount of aggression shown by individuals. In particular, it has been predicted that resident individuals, who presumably have more information about an area than nonresidents, will be more likely to win when the area contains resources of high value. Conversely, invaders, who have incomplete information about an area, should be more likely to win when the resource value is low. Male house crickets, Acheta domesticus, increase their aggressive behaviour in the presence of female chemical cues; thus, we manipulated the amount of chemical cues in a given area and who had information (resident versus invader). Resident males were more aggressive and won more contests when there was a greater amount of female chemical cues. In addition, invader males were more likely to win contests under control conditions with no female cues. Our data suggest that information asymmetry can play an important role in the fighting decisions made by animals. Additionally, our data highlight the multimodal nature of communication in crickets.
Coordination of heme and globin synthesis in primate reticulocytes.

Abstract In vitro indubations of the peripheral blood of marmosets, a new world monkey, have established the existence of an interaction between the heme and globin biosynthetic pathways in primate reticulocytes. In addition, isonicotinc acid hydrozide (INH), a known inhibitor of hem biosynthesis, was shown to inhibit secondarily the biosynthesis of globin. The effect of varied concentrations of INH on δ-[ 3 H]-aminovelunic acid incorporation suggests that pyridoxal phosphate is required at two and possibly more steps in the heme pathway. The firts of such steps in at the condensation of succinyl-CoA and glycine; the second, most likely subsequent to the formation of δ-aminolevulinic acid, is at the mobilization of iron from the mitochondria. No significant accumulation of free globin was detected in the cells treated with INH.
High frequency vibrations of piezoelectric crystal plates

Abstract Two-dimensional equations of motion of piezoelectric crystal plates are obtained by retaining early terms of power series expansions of the mechanical displacement and electric potential in a variational principle for the three-dimensional equations of piezoelectricity.
Foster children and placement stability: The role of child care assistance

Abstract Children who enter the child welfare system at a young age are at risk for a myriad of developmental, physical, and mental health problems. The risks faced by these vulnerable young children may be exacerbated by placement disruptions during foster care. This study utilizes administrative data from Illinois to explore the potential of child care assistance programs to reduce placement disruptions among foster children under the age of five. Survival analysis results suggest that receipt of child care assistance is associated with a reduced risk of placement disruption over time, especially for children who enter foster care as preschoolers. These findings are discussed in the context of the literature on the compensatory role that early care and education can play in short circuiting the detrimental impacts of toxic stress. With regard to public policy, they suggest an important, largely unexamined, role for child care support within the child welfare system.
Surface Temperature Probability Distributions in the NARCCAP Hindcast Experiment: Evaluation Methodology, Metrics, and Results

AbstractMethodology is developed and applied to evaluate the characteristics of daily surface temperature distributions in a six-member regional climate model (RCM) hindcast experiment conducted as part of the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP). A surface temperature dataset combining gridded station observations and reanalysis is employed as the primary reference. Temperature biases are documented across the distribution, focusing on the median and tails. Temperature variance is generally higher in the RCMs than reference, while skewness is reasonably simulated in winter over the entire domain and over the western United States and Canada in summer. Substantial differences in skewness exist over the southern and eastern portions of the domain in summer. Four examples with observed long-tailed probability distribution functions (PDFs) are selected for model comparison. Long cold tails in the winter are simulated with high fidelity for Seattle, Washington, and Chicago, Illi...
(Na+ + K+)-adenosinetriphosphatase in the brain of Shiverer (Shi/Shi) mice.

The myelin-deficient Shiverer (Shi/Shi) mutant mouse may be a useful model in assessing the dependence of brain (Na++K+)-ATPase concentration and composition on myelin membrane formation. Brain microsomal membranes from age-matched control (+/+) and Shiverer (Shi/Shi) mice were fractionated by differential centrifugation and sucrose gradient sedimentation. No reduction in (Na++K+)-ATPase specific activity was measured in whole homogenates, high-and low-speed fractions or gradient fractions from brains of Shi/Shi mice as compared to those of +/+ mice. In addition, sodium dodecylsulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting with antisera specific for mouse brain (Na++K+)-ATPase revealed no significant difference in catalytic subunit composition between fractions of +/+ and Shi/Shi brains. The similar results obtained for both +/+ and myelin-deficient Shi/Shi mice suggest that myelin contributes little to total brain (Na++K+)-ATPase.
A computational technique for the evaluation of dynamic effects of exothermic reactions

Abstract The paper presents a computational technique for the analysis of nonsteady flow fields generated by exothermic reactions in a compressible medium. This is obtained by numerical integration of the set of rate equations of chemical kinetics combined with the set of conservation equations of nonsteady gasdynamics expressed in a Lagrangian form. Under the hypothesis that the power pulse of exothermic energy is so short that the effects of diffusion, viscosity, and conductivity are, during its effective life span, negligible, the place where it is generated can be restricted to a discrete Lagrangian cell, and, consequently, the chemical kinetic set expressed in terms of ordinary differential equations. The computational model devised in this manner is referred to as the exothermic center. Conceptually, it is a simple flow field, which consists of a kernel, confined within a single Lagrangian cell around the center where the exothermic reaction takes place, and of inert surroundings through which the pressure wave generated by the expanding kernel propagates, the two separated from each other by an impermeable interface. The computations yield the characteristic features of the power pulse of work done by the kernel on the surroundings. On the basis of this information, complex flow fields, where exothermic processes occur, can be analyzed as a nonsteady (diabatic) flow subject to energy (heat) supply that is furnished at a predetermined rate and given as a function of local thermodynamic state parameters, as demonstrated in the companion paper presented at the 15th Symposium (International) on Combustion.
Quality of potato tubers as affected by freezing: II. lipids and minerals

The effect of freezing on the chemical composition of Katahdin and Atlantic potatoes was studied. Tubers were exposed to a temperature of −20°C for 24 hrs., then thawed for 1 hr. at 20°C prior to analysis. Frozenthawed tubers were compared with unfrozen controls for total lipid, phospholipid, fatty acid and mineral content. Following freezing, a significant (p<.01) decrease was observed in crude lipid and phospholipid content of both cortex and pith sections. Generally, an increase in palmitic acid and a decrease in linolenic acid occurred in the phospholipid fractions of both varieties. A decrease in both macro and micro mineral content also occurred following freezing.
Screening indices for pediatric obesity

Abstract Conventional techniques which employ weight-for-height (WH), triceps skinfold (TSF), and body mass index (BMI) for assessing pediatric obesity were compared in the present investigation. Subjects were children aged 6 to 9 years (585 boys, 586 girls) from the NHANESII sample. Criterion-referenced standards consisting of morbidity-related cutoff points of 25% and 30% fat for boys and girls, respectively, were used to define obesity and served as the basic screening criteria for comparison among conventional techniques. The conventional techniques used to identify obese children which employ specified norm-referenced cutoff points were 1) WH ≥ 120 of median, 2) TSF ≥ 85th percentile, 3) WH ≥ 120% of median and TSF ≥ 85th percentile, and 4) BMI ≥ 85th percentile. Sensitivities (Se), specificities (Sp), and positive (V+) and negative (V−) predictive values were calculated with respect to screening criteria for comparison among conventional techniques. To explore alternative cutoff points, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to illustrate trade-offs between improving Se or Sp for a series of potential TSF and BMI cutoff points. While the method employing both WH and TSF yielded the highest V+ among the conventional techniques, the necessary exclusion of children from analyses incorporating WH limits the utility of this technique. Classification of subjects according to obesity status using 85th percentiles for TSF and BMI furnished V+ ≤ 0.5. The cutoff points derived from ROC curves with respect to TSF (17 mm for boys; 20 mm for girls) and BMI (19.5 kg/m 2 for both genders) were comparable to values associated with respective 95th percentiles and provided favorable V+. Accurate, yet practical, techniques for identifying children at risk for obesity-related diseases are needed. Cutoff points which correspond to 95 th percentiles should be applied when using a norm-referenced approach. When using a criterion-referenced approach, a BMI of 19.5 kg/m 2 for both genders and TSF values of 17 mm and 20 mm for boys and girls, respectively, are suggested at the present time. Additional research is warranted to validate the clinical utility of these cutoff points.
Intracellular reduction/activation of a disulfide switch in thiosemicarbazone iron chelators

Iron scavengers (chelators) offer therapeutic opportunities in anticancer drug design by targeting the increased demand for iron in cancer cells as compared to normal cells. Prochelation approaches are expected to avoid systemic iron depletion as chelators are liberated under specific intracellular conditions. In the strategy described herein, a disulfide linkage is employed as a redox-directed switch within the binding unit of an antiproliferative thiosemicarbazone prochelator, which is activated for iron coordination following reduction to the thiolate chelator. In glutathione redox buffer, this reduction event occurs at physiological concentrations and half-cell potentials. Consistent with concurrent reduction and activation, higher intracellular thiol concentrations increase cell susceptibility to prochelator toxicity in cultured cancer cells. The reduction of the disulfide switch and intracellular iron chelation are confirmed in cell-based assays using calcein as a fluorescent probe for paramagnetic ions. The resulting low-spin Fe(III) complex is identified in intact Jurkat cells by EPR spectroscopy measurements, which also document a decreased concentration of active ribonucleotide reductase following exposure to the prochelator. Cell viability and fluorescence-based assays show that the iron complex presents low cytotoxicity and does not participate in intracellular redox chemistry, indicating that this antiproliferative chelation strategy does not rely on the generation of reactive oxygen species.
Control of ion energy distributions using phase shifting in multi-frequency capacitively coupled plasmas

Anisotropic etching for microelectronics fabrication is accomplished by energetic ion bombardment in chemically enhanced sputtering. One challenge is being able to control the ion energy-angular distributions (IEADs) onto the surface of the wafer to selectively activate desired processes, which is advantageous for maintaining the critical dimension (CD) of features. Capacitive coupled plasmas (CCPs) powered by non-sinusoidal waveforms and or using multiple frequencies are strategies employed to provide flexible control of IEADs which produce high selectivity and uniformity. Varying relative voltages, powers and phases between multiple frequencies that differ by integer multiples have demonstrated potential control mechanisms for the IEADs and optimization of etching profiles.
A note on the effects of chlorpromazine upon ulceration in the rat

Four groups of rats were exposed to a highly ulcerogenic procedure. Three experimental groups were given programmed injections of three different concentrations of chlorpromazine and a control group received physiological saline. All drug concentrations significantly reduced ulceration relative to controls. The lowest concentration proved least effective in this regard, but no simple linear relationship was found between drug concentration and frequency of ulceration. A tentative hypothesis regarding an all-or-none protective function of the drug was suggested, and parameters for future research outlined.
Oscillation Theorems for Perturbed Nonlinear Differential Equations

1. INTRODUCTION In this paper we study the oscillatory behavior of the solutions of the perturbed second-order nonlinear differential equation (a(t) x’)’ f Q(t, x) = qt, x, x’). (*) The problem of determining oscillation criteria for second-order nonlinear equations has received a great deal of attention in the twenty years following the publication of the now-classic paper by Atkinson [I]. This has been especially true for the special cases of (*)
Policy and Politics: The Bush Administration and the 2008 Presidential Election

It was called the most important election since the Great Depression. The policies of the Bush administration established the storyline for the presidential election and determined its outcome. This could be seen in three areas: a failing economy, the continuing wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, and the expansion of executive powers. In particular, the collapse of the financial industry in the fall of 2008 correlated with the increases in the Democratic vote. The Bush presidency should be considered transformative, a highly significant period in American history. Not only did it set the agenda for the election, pitting an advocate for change (Barack Obama) against a candidate committed to continuing the Bush policies (John McCain), it also dictated the problems the in-coming administration would have to deal with.
Gender and Family Factors as Predictors of Late Adolescent Emotional Expressiveness and Adjustment: A Longitudinal Study.

This study examined the longterm effects of the socialization of emotion in a sample of European American families. Late adolescents, whose families had been more emotionally expressive and accepting of emotions when they were in fifth grade, were more likely to report showing emotions not traditionally associated with their gender roles—specifically, males reported a greater propensity for crying, and females reported a greater tendency to express anger. In addition, in late adolescence, greater frequency of showing fear and showing warmth or affection were associated with higher levels of social and psychological adjustment—whereas crying was associated with better adjustment for males and poorer adjustment for females. Overall, adolescent females tended to report a higher level of emotional expressiveness and a higher level of family support of emotions than did adolescent males.
Chemical environment effects on the atomic oxygen absorption into Pt(111) subsurfaces

Density functional theory is used to study chemical environment effects such as surface coverage of oxygenated species and presence of adsorbed oxygen reduction intermediate OH and water on the atomic oxygen absorption process into Pt(111) subsurfaces. The results show that increasing the on-surface oxygen coverage can energetically and kinetically stabilize subsurface atomic oxygen present at 0.11 and 0.25 monolayer subsurface coverage. At constant subsurface coverage, the absorption energy barrier increases with increasing on-surface coverage. Adsorbed on-surface OH has similar effects on the atomic oxygen absorption process as those caused by on-surface adsorbed atomic oxygen. A monolayer of water over the on-surface oxygen does not significantly alter the thermodynamics and kinetics of the oxygen absorption process.
Gastric antral vascular ectasia: a rare manifestation for gastrointestinal bleeding in left ventricular assist device patients--an initial report.

With improvement in continuous flow technology, left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are increasingly being used for refractory heart failure either as a bridge to transplant or as a destination therapy [1]. Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a known possible consequence of LVAD implantation, occurring in up to 18 % of LVAD patients [2], and however, there are few reports characterizing the bleeding lesion. Various authors have described a multitude of lesion types: Peptic ulcer disease, jejunal angiectasia, and ischemic colitis were the most common identified causes in one large series [3], and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) were a common cause of bleeding in others. In several cases, the source of bleeding was not identified [4]. Traditional endoscopic treatment including cautery, clipping, and plasma argon coagulation (APC) is usually used for LVAD-associated GIB. Medical treatments include octreotide, pentoxifylline, and hormonal therapy [5]. Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is an uncommon cause of recurrent GIB. Etiology is unclear but several associations such as connective tissue, autoimmune disorders, chronic renal failure, and cirrhosis [6] have been described. Cases have been reported in patients with aortic valve replacement and after bone marrow transplantation [7, 8]; no GAVE lesions have been described in LVAD patients with GIB. We report five patients with LVAD who had GIB related to GAVE (Table 1).
Distributed joint cyber attack detection and state recovery in smart grids

Dynamic state estimation in power systems plays a central role in controlling the system operations. State estimation, however, is vulnerable to malicious cyber attacks that contaminate the controller's observation through injecting false data into the system. It is, therefore, of paramount significance not only to detect the attacks, but also to recover the system state from the contaminated observation when an attack is deemed to be present. This paper offers a distributed framework for an optimal such joint attack detection and system recovery. This framework has two main features: 1) it provides the network operator with the freedom of striking any desired balance between attack detection and state recovery accuracies, and 2) it is distributed in the sense that different controlling agents distributed across the network carry out the attack detection and system recovery tasks through iterative local processing and message passing.
Communicating love: Comparisons between American and East Asian university students

Abstract This study examined cultural differences in communicating love among 143 young adults from the US and East Asian countries of China, Japan, and South Korea. Through inductive analyses we examined similarities and differences in the activities and beliefs Americans and East Asians have about love in friendship and marriage, as well as the activities and ways in which love is expressed. Americans and East Asians reported that caring, trust, respect, and honesty were all important beliefs about love in friendship, and trust was an important belief about love in marriage. Love in marriage was seen as important and unconditional for Americans, while East Asians were more likely to report caring as an important belief. Sports, preparing food, and shopping were activities associated with expressing love for Americans, while talking and preparing food constituted activities for expressing love for East Asians. Finally, both US and East Asian students expressed love to a friend through acts of support, open discussion, and the sharing of common experiences, while they expressed love to a spouse through physical intimacy, acts of support, and expressions of love such as “I love you” and “I miss you.”
Quantitative tumour necrosis is an independent predictor of overall survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Summary Previous studies have reached conflicting results regarding whether tumour necrosis is a predictor of survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. In addition, studies quantifying the extent of necrosis are limited. The aim of this study was to determine if quantifying tumour necrosis could improve its predictive value for survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. We reviewed the clinical pathological information contained in The Cancer Genome Atlas for clear cell renal cell carcinoma and correlated it with overall survival using a Cox proportional hazard model. Necrosis was quantified on a single frozen section slide taken at the time of tissue harvesting for molecular studies. For all tumours, the presence of tumour necrosis was a significant predictor of overall survival ( p 10% necrosis was associated with survival, but ≤10% necrosis was not. On multivariate analysis, age ( p = 0.004), T3b stage ( p = 0.02), M1 stage ( p 30% ( p p = 0.003) remained significant. For clinical stage 1–2 (T1-T2N0M0) tumours, necrosis >20% was significant on univariate analysis ( p p
Imaging lung cancer with radiolabeled antibodies

Radiolabeled antibodies have been studied by several investigators as to their potential role in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. Studies with indium-111-labeled antibodies in limited numbers of patients have shown that 75% to 100% of primary lung tumors can be delineated and that the detection of metastases is dependent on size and location. Hepatic metastases and lesions smaller than 2 cm frequently are not visualized. Other studies with a technetium-99m-labeled Fab fragment of NR-LU-10 have been carried out for the staging of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In a large, well controlled multicenter study of patients with SCLC, staging by antibody imaging alone was as accurate as a combination of the conventional staging tests, and the positive predictive value for antibody staging of extensive disease was greater than 95%. In patients with NSCLC, antibody imaging was comparable to computed tomography for staging the mediastinum and was able to identify distant metastases at the same time.
Insight in schizophrenia: associations with executive function and coping style

Abstract It has been suggested that lack of awareness of illness in schizophrenia may result from deficits in executive function and/or an avoidant style of coping. To examine this question, 132 persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were rated as either “aware,” “partially unaware” or “unaware” of: (a) their illness, (b) need for treatment and (c) consequences of disorder on the abbreviated Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder. We next compared the performance of the aware, partially unaware and unaware groups on the “escape–avoidance” and “positive reappraisal” subtests of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire and on two tests of executive function: the Letter Number Sequencing Subtest of the WAIS III and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. MANCOVA followed by ANCOVA and planned comparisons, controlling for age indicated that the participants who were unaware of symptoms, treatment need and consequences generally performed more poorly than the aware groups on tests of executive function. Participants unaware of symptoms also had a greater preference for positive reappraisal than aware or partially unaware participants. The participants unaware of the consequences of disorder endorsed a greater preference for escape–avoidance than the partially unaware participants. Implications for understanding the etiology of lack of awareness in schizophrenia are discussed.
Event-based internet biosurveillance: relation to epidemiological observation

The World Health Organization (WHO) collects and publishes surveillance data and statistics for select diseases, but traditional methods of gathering such data are time and labor intensive. Event-based biosurveillance, which utilizes a variety of Internet sources, complements traditional surveillance. In this study we assess the reliability of Internet biosurveillance and evaluate disease-specific alert criteria against epidemiological data. We reviewed and compared WHO epidemiological data and Argus biosurveillance system data for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 (April 2009 – January 2010) from 8 regions and 122 countries to: identify reliable alert criteria among 15 Argus-defined categories; determine the degree of data correlation for disease progression; and assess timeliness of Internet information. Argus generated a total of 1,580 unique alerts; 5 alert categories generated statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlations with WHO case count data; the sum of these 5 categories was highly correlated with WHO case data (r = 0.81, p < 0.0001), with expected differences observed among the 8 regions. Argus reported first confirmed cases on the same day as WHO for 21 of the first 64 countries reporting cases, and 1 to 16 days (average 1.5 days) ahead of WHO for 42 of those countries. Confirmed pandemic (H1N1) 2009 cases collected by Argus and WHO methods returned consistent results and confirmed the reliability and timeliness of Internet information. Disease-specific alert criteria provide situational awareness and may serve as proxy indicators to event progression and escalation in lieu of traditional surveillance data; alerts may identify early-warning indicators to another pandemic, preparing the public health community for disease events.
Interdigitated Strip-Line Quadrature Hybrid

Hybrids are frequently used as components in microwave systems or sub-systems such as balanced mixers, balanced amplifiers, phase shifters, attenuators, modulators, discriminators, measurement bridges, etc. An ideal hybrid is a four-port junction with properties such that a wave incident in port one couples equal power into ports two and four but none into port three. Hybrids are classified according to the phase shift between the two outputs. There are two basic types: 180/spl deg/ hybrids and 90/spl deg/ (quadrature) hybrids. The latter are also called 3-dB directional couplers.
The Contributions of Sleep to Perceived Health Status during Adolescence

The purposes of this correlational study were to examine the relationships of three dimensions of sleep quality (sleep disturbance, sleep effectiveness, and sleep supplementation) and sleep quantity (the amount of sleep obtained per day) to perceived health status in early, middle, and late adolescents. The samples consisted of 106 early adolescents (aged 12 to 14), 111 middle adolescents (aged 15 to 17), and 113 late adolescents (aged 18 to 21). In classroom settings, all subjects completed the VSH Sleep Scale, which measures sleep disturbance, sleep effectiveness, and sleep supplementation (the amount of sleep per day was calculated from two items on the scale); the General Health Rating Index, which measures perceived health status; and a demographic data sheet. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients between the sleep variables and perceived health status were not statistically significant for early and late adolescents. For middle adolescents, however, the correlations between sleep disturbance and perceived health status, between sleep effectiveness and perceived health status, and between amount of sleep per day and perceived health status were statistically significant, but the correlation between sleep supplementation and perceived health status was not. A post hoc regression analysis indicated that the sleep variables explained a small, but statistically significant, amount of variance in perceived health status for middle adolescents. Findings are discussed in light of theories guiding the study, and implications for nursing practice are addressed.
Cloning and characterization of Ca(2+)-dependent and Ca(2+)-independent PKCs expressed in Aplysia sensory cells.

We isolated cDNA clones from an Aplysia sensory-cell library encoding two isoforms of protein kinase C (PKC). Several isozyme-specific regions are conserved in the Aplysia kinases, notably the variable regions V5 in the Ca(2+)-dependent PKC (Apl I) and V1 in the Ca(2+)- independent PKC (Apl II). Neuronal proteins with the properties expected of these two isoforms can be identified with antibodies raised against peptides synthesized from the amino acid sequences deduced from the clones. Sacktor and Schwartz (1990) measured the proportion of kinase activity that can be translocated to membrane in Aplysia sensory neurons and ganglia by stimuli that produce the presynaptic facilitation underlying behavioral sensitization. Much less Apl I and Apl II are translocated, suggesting that still other isoforms of PKC exist in these cells.
Supportless Silver Nanowires as Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts for Hydroxide-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Silver nanowires (AgNWs) and nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been synthesized to facilitate hydroxide-exchange membrane fuel cell development and commercialization. AgNWs and AgNPs with variable diameters (25-60 nm AgNWs, 2.4-30 nm AgNPs) have been studied with rotating-disk electrode experiments to examine the impact of size and morphology on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Although a detrimental particle size effect is observed, AgNWs exceed the specific activity of bulk polycrystalline Ag. AgNWs with a diameter of 25 nm further exceed the ORR specific and mass activity of 2.4 nm AgNPs 5.3 times and by 16 %, respectively. Rotating ring-disk electrode testing demonstrates minimal peroxide formation on AgNWs; peroxide production increases with the use of AgNPs by as much as an order of magnitude and further increases with particle size reduction. Silver catalysts demonstrate alcohol tolerance for ORR, illustrating the benefit of silver and AgNWs as catalysts in hydroxide and alcohol hydroxide-based fuel cells.
Endoscopic Esophageal Tumor Length: A Prognostic Factor for Patients With Esophageal Cancer

BACKGROUND: Pathologic esophageal tumor length (pL) is an independent predictor of long-term survival. However, whether patients with longer (high-risk) tumors can be identified by endoscopy before surgery has not been established. The objective of the current study was to determine the value of endoscopically measured tumor length (cL) in predicting overall survival in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. METHODS: All patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma who had undergone resection without neoadjuvant therapy and who had documented preoperative endoscopy findings were identified retrospectively by using prospectively collected databases at 2 institutions: The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (n = 164; training set) and University of Rochester Medical Center (n = 109; validation set). Esophageal tumors were assessed preoperatively by endoscopy for cL, depth (cT), and lymph node involvement (cN). Univariate and multivariate analyses of cL and other standard prognostic factors were performed. RESULTS: In the training set, cL was correlated directly with pL (Pearson correlation [r] = 0.683; P 2 cm to identify patients with decreased long-term survival (5-year survival rate: cL >2 cm, 29%; cL ≤2 cm, 78%; P 2 cm was an independent risk factor for long-term survival (hazard ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-4.4; P = .02) even after controlling for age, cT, and cN. Validation with the validation dataset confirmed that cL was correlated directly with pL (r = 0.657; P 2 cm (hazard ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-5.8; P = .004; univariate analysis). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic esophageal tumor length was identified as an independent predictor of long-term survival and may help to identify high-risk patients before they receive cancer-directed therapy. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Synergy among Phytochemicals within Crucifers: Does It Translate into Chemoprotection?

The association between cruciferous vegetables and cancer prevention has been linked to glucosinolate derivatives. These phytochemicals enhance endogenous detoxification, leading to inactivation of potential carcinogens before initiation occurs. Two derivatives, indole-3-carbinol (13C) and 1 -cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene (crambene) were shown in rats to induce a synergistic enhancement of detoxification enzyme activity. To follow up on these findings, a short-term carcinogenicity study using aflatoxin B1 (AFB 1 ) was performed in which male F344 rats were fed diets supplemented with these 2 compounds alone or in combination. Groups included a negative control group (no AFB 1 , crambene, or 13C), a crambene group (diet 0.150% crambene), an I3C group (diet 0.165% I3C), a high-dose group (diet 0.150% crambene, 0.165% I3C) a low-dose group (diet 0.030% crambene, 0.033% I3C), and a positive control group (AFB 1 treatment only). AFB 1 was administered after 2 wk of dietary pretreatment. Liver sections were scored for lesions including karyomegaly, apoptosis, and biliary hyperplasia and evaluated for expression of the preneoplastic marker glutathione S-transferase-π (GSTP). I3C and crambene groups were protected against AFB 1 toxicity whereas the low-dose group was not. The high-dose group had scores close to those of the negative controls. For log 10 transformed 2- and 3-dimensional GSTP data, the high-dose group demonstrated synergistic reduction in GSTP-positive area and an additive reduction in GSTP-positive volume compared with the crambene and I3C groups. The low-dose group had no effect. In conclusion, high combination dietary doses of I3C and crambene demonstrated enhanced protection from AFB 1 . Low combination doses, as might be realistically in the diet, were not effective.
Charge Loss Correction in a High-Purity Germanium Double-Sided Strip Detector

One fundamental design issue in the HPGe double-sided strip detector (DSSD) is the gap between strips, which makes up 1/6 of the 3 mm strip pitch in the University of Michigan (UM) strip detector. While a wide gap between strips reduces interstrip capacitance, thereby improving energy resolution, it also results in measurable charge loss in the UM strip detector. Charge loss on either detector side for a single interaction in a Compton sequence may eliminate that sequence from being included in image reconstruction. A method for charge loss correction is described for interactions which fall in detector gaps. Over the energy range 60-1274 keV, charge loss correction increases photopeak counts by 15% on the anode side and 5% on the cathode side. Charge loss correction can be accomplished nearly as well when a second interaction falls beneath an adjacent strip. With the prevalence of close interactions in HPGe, the method is effective for ~87% of all gap interactions at 662 keV. Furthermore, the method is not computationally expensive, so it is suitable for real-time imaging application.
Solubility of Fe2(OH)3Cl (pure-iron end-member of hibbingite) in NaCl and Na2SO4 brines

Abstract Pure-iron end-member hibbingite, Fe 2 (OH) 3 Cl(s), may be important to geological repositories in salt formations, as it may be a dominant corrosion product of steel waste canisters in an anoxic environment in Na–Cl- and Na–Mg–Cl-dominated brines. In this study, the solubility of Fe 2 (OH) 3 Cl(s), the pure-iron end-member of hibbingite (Fe II , Mg) 2 (OH) 3 Cl(s), and Fe(OH) 2 (s) in 0.04 m to 6 m NaCl brines has been determined. For the reaction Fe 2 (OH) 3 Cl(s) + 3H + ↔ 3 H 2 O + 2 Fe 2+ + Cl − , the solubility constant of Fe 2 (OH) 3 Cl(s) at infinite dilution and 25 °C has been found to be log 10 K = 17.12 ± 0.15 (95% confidence interval using F statistics for 36 data points and 3 parameters). For the reaction Fe(OH) 2 (s) + 2H + ↔ 2 H 2 O + Fe 2+ , the solubility constant of Fe(OH) 2 at infinite dilution and 25 °C has been found to be log 10 K = 12.95 ± 0.13 (95 % confidence interval using F statistics for 36 data points and 3 parameters). For the combined set of solubility data for Fe 2 (OH) 3 Cl(s) and Fe(OH) 2 (s), the Na + –Fe 2+ pair Pitzer interaction parameter θ Na + / Fe 2+ has been found to be 0.08 ± 0.03 (95% confidence interval using F statistics for 36 data points and 3 parameters). In nearly saturated NaCl brine we observed evidence for the conversion of Fe(OH) 2 (s) to Fe 2 (OH) 3 Cl(s). Additionally, when Fe 2 (OH) 3 Cl(s) was added to sodium sulfate brines, the formation of green rust(II) sulfate was observed, along with the generation of hydrogen gas. The results presented here provide insight into understanding and modeling the geochemistry and performance assessment of nuclear waste repositories in salt formations.
Sequential estimation of states and kinetic parameters in tubular reactors with catalyst decay

A method is presented for the on-line sequential estimation (filtering) of state variables and kinetic parameters in plug flow reactors with slow catalyst decay. The essential element of this method is the approximation, for purposes of estimation only, of the distributed parameter system by a lumped parameter system. This approximation is made possible by the slow catalyst decay The resulting sequential estimation algorithms, or filters, are computationally simple, especially the discrete filters, i e those based on a difference equation description. An application of two alternative discrete filters to a plug flow reactor with a first order irreversible reaction and catalyst decay has given good results The paper includes a brief general discussion of sequential estimation and its possible applications.