cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of ultrasound and noninvasive markers of fibrosis to identify patients with cirrhosis.

Accurate identification of patients with cirrhosis using noninvasive markers of fibrosis is useful for esophageal varices and hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance programs. The aims of our study were to characterize the accuracy of ultrasonography, AST-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), and FIB-4 as noninvasive markers to identify the presence of cirrhosis. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent liver biopsy at a large urban safety-net institution between November 2008 and July 2011. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value, and overall accuracy using receiver operator characteristic curve analysis for the detection of cirrhosis were calculated for each noninvasive marker. Liver biopsy was performed in 388 patients, of whom 93 (24.0 %) had cirrhosis. C-statistics for APRI and FIB-4 predicting the presence of cirrhosis were 0.68 (95 % CI 0.63–0.74) and 0.73 (95 % CI 0.68–0.78), respectively. The c-statistic for a nodular appearance on ultrasound was 0.78 (95 % CI 0.72–0.83). The PPV of a shrunken nodular-appearing liver was 64.8 %; however, PPV was significantly higher in the subset with a cirrhotic-appearing liver and signs of portal hypertension (PPV 83.6 %, p = 0.01) as well as in the subset with a noninvasive fibrosis marker also suggesting cirrhosis (PPV 77.8 %, p < 0.001). Serum and imaging noninvasive markers of fibrosis may have insufficient accuracy when used in isolation; however, a combination of markers may allow sufficient accuracy to systematically identify patients with cirrhosis.
Unsaturated Analogues of Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates an Unusual Arbuzov Reaction with Unactivated Triple Bond

Abstract Phosphonates 6 and 8 were prepared by reaction of the corresponding chloroalkenes 5 and 7 with triethyl phosphte. Dealkylation of 6 and 8, combined with acid hydrolysis in case of 8, gave phosphonic acids 3a and 4b. By contrast, chloroalkyne 9 and triethyl phosphite afforded only 2-amino-6-chloro-N9-ethylpurine (10). The same reaction performed in the presence of tetrabutyl-ammonium iodide led to diphosphonate 11. Compound 4b inhibited the growth of murine leukemia L1210 in culture (IC50 10μM).
Comparative myocardial uptake characteristics of hexakis (alkylisonitrile) technetium(I) complexes. Effect of lipophilicity.

Hexakis (alkylisonitrile) technetium(I) complexes are a new class of cationic, lipophilic myocardial perfusion imaging agents. To further evaluate the effect of lipophilicity on myocardial uptake characteristics, the authors systematically synthesized and tested Tc-isonitrile complexes of varying lipophilicity in both cellular and whole animal systems. In chick heart cells in monolayer culture, cellular plateau level uptake in general correlated with lipophilicity of the complexes (determined by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography) (r = .71) as well as with scintigraphic intensity of imaged rabbit hearts (r = .91). Exceptions to this trend indicated that additional factors such as size of the complex and form of the terminal alkyl chain branching also may have influenced uptake. The data indicated that neither the lipophilic properties nor the cation charge alone were sufficient to predict myocardial uptake. In addition, intravenous injection of complexes into rabbits showed optimal myocardial images with agents of intermediate lipophilicity. Results indicated that, following intravenous administration, complexes of low lipophilicity yielded suboptimal myocardial images because of low heart cell uptake, whereas complexes of high lipophilicity yielded poor relative myocardial visualization because of excessive binding to additional organs and compartments.
Operations research journals: An annotated core list

(1992). Operations Research Journals: An Annotated Core List. Serials Review: Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 21-26.
Monoamine and motor responses to cocaine are co-deficient in the Fawn-Hooded depressed animal model

Abstract The Fawn-Hooded (FH) genetic animal model of depression continues to be of interest because the FH model has limited biochemical and immune function. The FH animal has an inherited trait, platelet storage pool deficiency (PSPD), an hemorrhagic disorder that is also a component of Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS). CHS is a pyrogenic infectious childhood disease; few patients live past the age of 20. Our hypothesis was that FH animals may exhibit different monoamine and motor responses to cocaine versus the Sprague–Dawley (SD) “normal” animal strain, which does not have the FH trait. Therefore, selective neuromolecular imaging (NMI) of the monoamines, dopamine (DA) and 5-HT within nucleus accumbens (NAcc) of behaving male FH versus SD rats was performed in vivo with BRODERICK PROBE® sensors and a semiderivative voltammetric circuit. Each animal was placed in a faraday chamber and electrochemical signals were detected via a mercury commutator and flexible cable. Baseline values for neurotransmitters and behavior were derived during the last half-hour of habituation behavior. Release of DA and 5-HT was detected selectively, at separate oxidation potentials, within seconds, before and after intraperitoneal administration of the psychostimulant, cocaine (10 mg/kg). At the same time, frequencies of ambulations and central ambulations were separately monitored with infrared photobeams, which surrounded the faraday chamber. Data were compared by ANOVA analysis followed by Tukey's post hoc test. The data showed that (1) DA release in NAcc of behaving FH animals did not respond to cocaine; neither first hour nor second hour values significantly differed from baseline (both hours, p > 0.05), whereas SD animals exhibited a significant increase in cocaine-induced DA release in NAcc (both hours, p p p > 0.05), whereas 5-HT release in NAcc of SD animals was significantly increased after cocaine (both hours, p p p p p p > 0.05), whereas SD animals showed a significant increase in central ambulatory activity in both hours of the cocaine study ( p p
Dynamic programming and an inverse problem in transport theory

The neutron theory of transport processes generally is devoted to problems of determining properties of radiation fields, given certain sources and transporting media. Nevertheless, it has long been recognized that inverse problems, in which we measure some aspects of the radiation field and wish to deduce properties of the sources and the media, are of great significance in the areas of neutron transport, radiative transfer in planetary atmospheres, and astrophysics, among others.
EXPERIMENTS WITH MIXTURES: A REVIEW

A review of the literature concerning experiments with mixtures is presented. Beginning with the work of Scheffe in 1958, the review covers approximately twenty papers in near chronological order, the last appearing in October 1971. Although priority in the treatment of designs for mixtures is claimed by Quenouille [27], and while others may argue that the work of Claringbold [6] was the impetus for Scheffe's research, the choice of starting with Scheffe is made because most of the authors of the reviewed papers recognized Scheffe as the person most instrumental in pioneering the work which has appeared over the past fourteen years.
Impact of Clostridium difficile recurrence on hospital readmissions

Background The impact of recurrent Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs) on hospital readmissions is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether recurrent CDI was independently associated with the number of hospital readmissions and days readmitted. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study at an academic, urban, tertiary care hospital. Data were collected from electronic medical records and supplemented with chart review. CDI patients were followed for 180 days to ascertain the number of hospital readmissions and total days readmitted. Univariate and multivariable negative binomial regression models were used to evaluate factors, including CDI recurrence, associated with hospital readmissions. Results The study included 3,950 patients with CDI from 2003-2009, including 413 patients with recurrent CDI. Recurrent CDI patients were significantly more likely to have at least 1 readmission (85% vs 41%; P P Conclusion Recurrent CDI patients are significantly more likely than patients without a recurrence to be readmitted and spend increased time readmitted to the hospital.
A negative selection methodology using a microfluidic platform for the isolation and enumeration of circulating tumor cells.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) exist in the peripheral blood stream of metastatic cancer patients at rates of approximately 1 CTC per billion background cells. In order to capture and analyze this rare cell popu- lation, various techniques exist that range from antibody-based surface marker positive selection to methods that use physical properties of CTCs to negatively exclude background cells from a CTC popula- tion. However, methods to capture cells for functional downstream analyses are limited due to inacces- sibility of the captured sample or labeling techniques that may be prohibitive to cell function. Here, we present a negative selection method that leverages a Microfluidic Cell Concentrator (MCC) to allow col- lection and analysis of this rare cell population without needing cell adhesion or other labeling tech- niques to keep the cells within the chamber. Because the MCC is designed to allow collection and analysis of non-adherent cell populations, multiple staining steps can be applied in parallel to a given CTC population without losing any of the population. The ability of the MCC for patient sample processing of CTCs for enumeration was demonstrated with five patient samples, revealing an average of 0.31 CTCs / mL. The technique was compared to a previously published method - the ELISPOT - that showed similar CTC levels among the five patient samples tested. Because the MCC method does not use positive selec- tion, the method can be applied across a variety of tumor types with no changes to the process.
Why emerging roles for health sciences librarians

Health sciences librarians no longer find themselves only staffing reference desks or building collections. Their activities range from being active participants in health‐care teams to providing training to the general public. Emerging roles are surfacing in all arenas served by health sciences libraries: educational, clinical, research, and administration. Librarians are meeting new skill demands by re‐educating both on the job and through traditional coursework. New types of positions are being explored and new partnerships with health‐care colleagues are being forged. This article highlights the reasons why these new opportunities exist and provides references to articles contained within this journal issue.
Structured learning therapy. A study with chronic psychiatric patients and level of pathology.

Structured learning therapy developed by Goldstein et al. (1976) is examined withchronic psychiatric patients. The goal was not only to ascertain the amount of improvement, but also to designate the type and level of pathology modified with this approach. It was found that after six months of treatment most chronicpatients improved, but especially those who had symptom patterns of Paranoid Projection and Psychotic Disorganization. The results suggest a prescriptive role for this treatment within a hospital setting.
Mast cell pharyngitis as a cause of supraglottic edema

A 30-year-old nonatopic woman had experienced a 9-year history of persistent symptoms of supraglottic edema. She had previously undergone epiglottectomy and excision of redundant left arytenoid tissue to improve her breathing and dysphagia. Uvular tissue was removed surgically at our clinic for histopathological examination of the excised tissues. This revealed diffuse infiltration by mast cells, many of which appeared degranulated. Uvular tissue from control patients undergoing uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for obstructive sleep apnea contained significantly fewer mast cells per high power field. To our knowledge such a degree of mast cell infiltration into supraglottic tissues has not been reported previously or associated with clinical symptoms.
Formation and survival of H- and C- ions transiting ultrathin carbon foils at keV energies.

The fraction of negatively charged projectiles existing in a bulk foil and their neutralization at a foil's exit surface are characterized using exit charge-state distribution data for 1--30-keV/amu H and C that transit 1.1-\ensuremath{\mu}g ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ carbon foils. The equilibrium fraction of negative ions in the bulk foil is derived and is observed to decrease exponentially with increasing projectile velocity.
Cancellation of Discrete Time Unstable Zeros by Feedforward Control

This paper presents a design methodology for the cancellation of unstable zeros in linear discrete time systems with tracking control objectives. Unstable zeros are defined to be those zeros of the rational transfer function that occur outside the unit circle. Unstable zeros cannot be canceled by feedback without compromizing stability. In light of the fact, a feedforward scheme is used. Future desired trajectory information is required because the feedforward scheme is noncausal. The amount of future desired trajectory information that is required depends upon the zero locations and design specifications. It is shown that for a known plant with no zeros on the unit circle one can obtain a frequency response arbitrarily close to 1
Triple Bottom Line and Sustainability: A Literature Review

Triple bottom line (TBL) and sustainability are two related constructs that are used interchangeably in the literature. A comprehensive review of the relevant literature was conducted and revealed an inconsistent use of the term sustainability. On the other hand, consistency in terms of referring to the three lines simultaneously is built into the structure of TBL as the construct is explicitly based on the integration of the social, environmental, and economic lines. The purpose of this paper is not to support an argument that favors the use of one term over the other, but to provide an overview of the presence of both terms in the literature. In light of that, researchers in the business, management, and sustainability fields are encouraged to pay particular attention to how they use these terms in their studies.
Gas Bubbles as Oceanographic Tracers

Abstract Air bubbles can be used as oceanographic tracers that indicate the strength of a downwelling current by which they are subducted. In a tidal front in the Fraser Estuary, British Columbia, Canada, vertical currents of up to 0.70 m s−1 subduct bubbles to depths of more than 160 m. Echo sounder measurements are compared with simultaneous ADCP current measurements and are interpreted with a bubble model by S. A. Thorpe, yielding an estimate of the vertical current that carries the bubbles to the depth of measurement.
Neutralization effects in the electron-stimulated desorption of molecules covalently bonded to metal oxide surfaces

Abstract TiO 2 and SiO 2 surfaces were chemically modified via covalent attachment of a variety of organosilane molecules, and electron stimulated desorption from these surfaces was examined. The study focussed on, but was not limited to, bound trimethylsilyl and tri(methyl-d 3 )silyl groups. Relative parent and fragment secondary ion yields are strongly dependent upon the substrate material. The significantly lower ion yields found in the case of modified TiO 2 are explained by the relative positions of the TiO 2 valence band and the ionization potentials of (CH 3 ) 3 Si. and CH 3 . radicals, such that resonance neutralization of near-surface (CH 3 ) 3 Si + ions is energetically favorable. Such neutralization processes are energetically unfavorable at the SiO 2 surface. Total dissociation cross sections (1.0 keV electron bombardment) were measured for trimethylsilyl groups bound to these surfaces. The cross section was found to be a factor of 3.7 lower for modified TiO 2 than for modified SiO 2 . This difference does not appear to be explicable in terms of differences between the secondary electron yields of the two substrates, but may instead be an indication that “recapture” (neutralization processes involving bond reformation) occurs with significant probability at the tiO 2 surface.
Fistula dysfunction: Effect on rapid hemodialysis

Fistula dysfunction: Effect on rapid hemodialysis. Rapid hemodialysis (Qb 400 to 500ml/min) places considerable demands on hemodialysis vascular access. This six-month prospective study enrolled 52 patients and evaluated urea recirculation as a means of detecting fistula dysfunction. It evaluated the effects of fistula location and dialysis blood flow on urea recirculation during rapid hemodialysis and assessed the effect of rapid dialysis on fistula thrombosis. Urea recirculation increased as Qb increased from 300 to 400ml/min (8 ± 3% to 16 ± 3%, P
CORPUS LINGUISTICS BREYER, YVONNE ALEXANDRA. Corpora in Language Teaching and Learning: Potential, Evaluation, Challenges. New York: Peter Lang, 2011. Pp. 268. $73.95, cloth. ISBN 978–3–631–63041–9.

A review of the book "Corpora in Language Teaching and Learning: Potential, Evaluation, Challenges," by Yvonne Alexandra Breyer, is presented.
Relationships among nutrition and reproduction and relevance for wild animals

This review discusses aspects of feeding ecology, nutrition, and dietary husbandry that are particularly relevant to reproductive success in wild animals. Emphasis has been placed on recently published literature. Special attention has been given to requirements for energy and protein and the unique roles of essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, selenium, and vitamins A, C, D, and E. Information has been drawn from research with mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish, including the domestic and laboratory species that play such a large role in elucidating mechanisms connecting nutrition and reproduction. Zoo Biol 23:475–487, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A new paraelectric center in lithium-doped KBr☆

Abstract We report paraelectric resonance measurements for KBr:Li +7 and KBr:Li +6 . The observed zero-field splittings are large - 62, 65, and 141.5 GHz ± 1 GHz in KBr:Li +7 , and 88 and 118 GHz ± in KBr:Li +6 — giving an isotope shift of 40% for the lower lines. The uncorrected dipole moment is p = 0.98 ± 0.05 eA. The presence of OH - seems to suppress the Li + signal.
Electron paramagnetic resonance, kinetics of formation and decomposition studies of (Bis(hydroxyethyl)amino-tris(hydroxymethyl)-methane)oxochromate(V): A model chromium(V) complex for DNA damage studies

Abstract A new chromium complex, (bis(hydroxyethyl)amino-tris(hydroxymethyl)methane)oxochromate(V), has been characterized by epr spectroscopy. The chromium(V) complex was formed by the ligand displacement reaction of bis(2-ethyl-2-hydroxybutanato) oxochromate(V) with bis(hydroxyethyl)amino-tris(hydroxy-methyl)methane (BT). Both epr and kinetic data indicate that the reaction proceeds through a chromium(V) intermediate. Kinetics of formation of the intermediate exhibit a rate saturation at higher [BT] (>30 mM) indicating a rate law constituting an equilibrium between the parent Cr(V) complex and the bis–tris ligand followed by a pure first order process. The g -value of the intermediate is consistent with a Cr(V) complex in which the BT is coordinated in a bidentate fashion replacing a coordinated hydroxy butanoic acid ligand, affording a mixed ligand complex. The equilibrium step ( K =36 M −1 ) consists of monodentate coordination by the BT ligand and the limiting first order rate constant (1.9 × 10 −2 s −1 ) manifests the rate of chelation by the polydentate ligand. The intermediate is converted to the product upon further chelation through the complete displacement of the remaining 2-ethyl-2-hydroxy butanoic acid by a first order process ( k =0.023 s −1 ). The epr data support a pair of products that are in rapid equilibrium. In these products, BT functions either as a tetra or a penta-dentate ligand coordinating through four or five alkoxy sites. The enthalpy and entropy of activations related to the two chelation steps were found to be 32 ± 2 kJ/mol and −(1.7 ± 0.2) × 10 2 J/mol K for the intermediate, and 36 ± 1 kJ/mol and −(1.5 ± 0.2) × 10 2 J/mol K for the product. Our data support an associative mechanism for the chelation steps. The Cr(V)–BT product is more stable than the parent complex. The second order disproportionation rate constant for the Cr(V)–BT complex was evaluated to be 0.1 M −1 s −1 compared to 8.0 M −1 s −1 for the parent complex. This is the first example of a chromium(V) complex with a non-macrocyclic ligand coordinating through oxygen donor atoms which is stable in aqueous solution at neutral pH over a long period of time.
Mutations of p53 and human papillomavirus infection in cervical carcinoma.

Background. Oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cervical carcinoma. The HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 are thought to play a crucial role in this process by their interactions with the p53 protein and the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product, respectively. The E6 protein binds to and stimulates the degradation of the p53 protein. Mutations involving evolutionary conserved regions of the p53 gene also can alter p53 function. Point mutations of p53 frequently have been identified in a wide variety of human tumors. Methods. Forty-five cervical carcinoma samples were evaluated for the presence of mutations involving exons 5–8 of the p53 gene with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of genomic DNA, followed by single-stranded conformation polymorphism analysis and/or direct sequencing. The status of oncogenic HPV infection in the tumor tissues was analyzed by Southern blot and PCR. Results. Forty-two of 45 cervical carcinomas showed oncogenic HPV DNA. Of three HPV-negative samples, one harbored a missense point mutation of the p53 gene. An additional p53 point mutation was identified in a tumor with HPV 18 infection. Conclusions. Oncogenic HPV DNA can be identified in most cervical carcinomas. Mutations involving conserved regions of p53, although infrequent in cervical cancer, occur preferentially in tumors without HPV infection. Inactivation of p53 function is important in the pathogenesis of cervical carcinoma.
Possible Mechanisms for Changes in Renal Hemodynamics During Pregnancy: Studies From Animal Models

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) increase during gestation in humans, rats, rabbits, dogs, and sheep. Serial studies performed in chronically instrumented conscious pregnant rats show that the relative time course of changes in renal hemodynamics resembles that of human pregnancy. Because gestational alterations of renal hemodynamics in humans are similar to those in other mammalian species, animal models are being used to investigate possible mechanisms for these changes. In gravid rats and rabbits, vasodilatory prostaglandins most likely do not mediate the increase of GFR and ERPF. Chronic administration of prolactin has been tested in nonpregnant rats, and although some studies suggest that this hormone can augment renal hemodynamics, others do not. The decline in GFR and ERPF, which in rats occurs close to term despite ongoing increments of plasma volume, does not appear to be mediated by angiotensin II. Cyclic guanosine 3',5'monophosphate (cGIVIP) is increased in the plasma of pregnant rats, and urinary excretion rates are also enhanced. Research is presently continuing to determine if intracellular and/or extracellular cGIVIP contribute to the vasodepressor phenomena observed during pregnancy.
Logrolling and high demand committee review

Mackay and Weaver (1979) offered an interesting explanation of why high demand committee review in a legislature can yield bureaucratic budget allocations which exceed (or are less than) the allocation desired by a representative legislator. Their explanation rested solely on the fact that committees have agenda control. In fact, agenda control and high demand committee review are both simply institutional arrangements which have arisen because of the efforts of legislators to maintain their political support (i.e., votes, campaign contributions, etc.). Without these institutions some other arrangement probably would have developed to achieve the same ends. Thus, in order to fully understand the consequences of high demand review and agenda control, the reason for their existence must be examined.
Morphology of the cells of normal, testosterone-deprived and testosterone-stimulated levator ani muscles.

The atrophy of the levator ani following castration of an adult mouse or rat results from the dissolution of the myofilaments from myofibrils and eventual loss of two-thirds of the sarcoplasm. Within 45 days the atrophy ceases. The morphology of the now smaller muscle fibers is indistinguishable from those from intact males. Treatment of the stable neuter with testosterone produces rapid enlargement of the muscle fibers, but neglegible changes in the morphological patterns of the sarcoplasm. Observations indicate that new myofilaments form in register along the myofibrils, the enlarging myofibrils being divided to maintain a diameter between 0.5 and 1.5 μ. The cytology of each of the five cell types common to the primary bundles is described. Satellite cells of the muscle fibers are a consistent component, but do not contribute to the processes of atrophy or hypertrophy.
Statistical methods for the use of accident precursor data in estimating the frequency of rare events

Abstract In estimating the frequency of rare events, the number of observed events is usually too small to support the development of accurate estimates by means of the usual statistical estimator, i.e. the number of events divided by the years of experience. Data on accident ‘precursors’ can help in obtaining a reasonably accurate estimator. However, past attempts to use precursor data have been problematic. In the work described here, the authors assess the problems associated with various precursor-based estimators of rare event frequencies, and propose a new estimator that seems suitable for use in practice. However, the results suggest that the competing goals of achieving low noise and low bias are inherently incompatible. Therefore, the authors recommend possible directions for future work to explore this tradeoff in more depth.
Computer simulation of error rates of Poisson-based interval estimates of plankton abundance

The routine assignment of error rates (confidence intervals) to Poisson distribution estimates of plankton abundance should be rejected. In addition to the interval estimation procedure being pseudoreplicative, it is not robust to common violations of its assumptions. Because the spatial dispersion of organisms in sampling units from the counting chamber to the field is rarely random and because counting protocols are usually terminated by a count threshold having been equalled or exceeded, Poisson based estimates are usually derived from sampling non-Poisson distributions. Computer simulation was used to investigate the quantitative consequences of such estimates. The expected mean error rate of 95% confidence intervals is inflated from 5% to 15% as contagion increases, as the parametric variance-mean ratio increases from 1 to 2. Also, count threshold termination of the counting protocol effects both a biased estimate of the parametric mean (or total) and alters expected mean error rates, especially if the total count is low (< 100 organisms) and the mean density in the sampling unit is low.
Walt Whitman: A Current Bibliography, Summer 2009

This Bibliography is brought to you for free and open access by Iowa Research Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walt Whitman Quarterly Review by an authorized administrator of Iowa Research Online. For more information, please contact lib-ir@uiowa.edu. Recommended Citation Folsom, Ed. "Walt Whitman: A Current Bibliography, Summer 2009." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 27 (Summer 2009), 81-94.
Migration of R28 Retinal Precursor Cells into Cochlear and Vestibular Organs

Damaged hair cells and neurons in the inner ear generally can not be replaced in mammals. The loss of these cells causes permanent functional disorders in both the cochlear and vestibular systems. Transplantation of retinal precursor cells, R28 cells, into inner ear tissue may help replace missing cells. The aim of the current project was to induce R28 cell transdifferentiation into cochlear and vestibular cell types under culture conditions. The first part was related to R28 cell labeling with DiI fluorescence that would help identify and track R28 cells. The second part involved co-culturing R28 cells in cochlear and vestibular organotropic cultures or isolated spiral ganglion neurons. The results suggest that R28 cells have the potential to differentiate into supporting cell types and spiral ganglion neurons in serum free medium, probably under the influence of diffusible signals from inner ear tissues. This information is useful for future efforts in inducing stem cell differentiation in the inner ear to replace lost sensory and neural cells.
Fluid temperature fluctuations accompanying turbulent heat transfer in a pipe

Abstract The fluctuating temperatures in a fluid which accompany turbulent heat transfer were studied for fully developed turbulent flow of air in a pipe using small heat fluxes at the wall. In the fully developed region of the temperature field the root-mean-square temperature fluctuation, θ′, at the centre of the pipe equals about 0·042 ( T 0 − T B ) and increases to a maximum of about 0·10 ( T 0 − T B ) close to the pipe wall, where T 0 is the wall temperature and T B is the mixed average temperature. The maximum occurs at y + = 25–30. Temperature fluctuations close to the wall are of lower frequency than temperature fluctuations in the pipe centre. The temperature fluctuations are markedly similar, both in their magnitude and in their variation with distance from the wall, to measurements of velocity fluctuations.
The Thermal Decomposition of Germane

The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of germane were studied in a dynamic system. The effect of substrate temperature on growth rate in the range of 300°–450°C was investigated. The effect of germane concentration on the growth rate of germanium was also studied. The mole fraction of germane was varied from . The carrier and diluent were nitrogen. Both zero and first order reactions were observed. Activation energies were found to be 0.75 eV (17 kcal) and 1.20 eV (28 kcal) for the zero and first order reactions, respectively. The zero order is ascribed to a heterogeneous reaction while the first order is ascribed to a homogeneous reaction. Comparisons with results obtained from other studies are made.
1291 Relationship Between Self-Reported and Objectively Measured Adherence to Inhaled Corticosteroids in U.S. Inner-City Children with Persistent Asthma

Background and aims: Poor adherence to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) has been implicated as one of the major contributors to asthma morbidity in US inner-city children. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between self-reported and objectively measured ICS adherence in innercity children with persistent asthma. Methods: A prospective observational study of 2-9 year-old children with persistent asthma currently prescribed ICS in the Bronx, NY. Subjects received a marked ICS inhaler at enrollment to be collected one month later. Parental self-reported adherence was measured with a validated 10-item survey. One month post-enrollment, ICS adherence was calculated using a dose counter, an objective measure of adherence. Adherence ≥75% was defined as good. We used Spearman correlation analysis to measure the relationship between selfreported and objectively measured adherence. Results: A total of 33 children (mean age 6 (SD 2), 58% male, 52% Hispanic) participated. Overall, 76% of parents stated that they “often” or “always” give ICS pump only when their child needs it, and 36% sometimes forget to administer it. Self-reported ICS adherence was high: 85% of parents reported that they give ICS to their child exactly as the label says. Objectively measured ICS adherence was poor (mean 48%, range 2%-100%). We found no correlation between two adherence measures (Spearman's rho.004, p=.986). Conclusions: Our findings suggest a discrepancy between self-reported ICS adherence and adherence measured objectively using a dose counter. These results may have implications for physicians who often rely on self-reported adherence in caring for patients with asthma.
AV-8B ETARS demo proves AN/ASQ-197 versatility

ABSTRACT Demonstrations during the summer of 1988 culminated in a quick-turn Naval Air Development Center (NADC) engineeringeffort which demonstrated the feasibility of flying an Expeditionary Tactical Air Reconnaissance Pod System (ETARS) Podon an AV-8B Night Attack aircraft. Fairchild's AN/ASQ-197 Sensor Control-Data Display Set (SC-DDS), which had recently completed Full Scale Development (FSD) Testing for the Film version of F/A-18, was modified to control the Pod, its sensors, the video tape recorder and other communication equipment from a single rotary switch, four caution indicators andthe standard AV-8B multiplex bus. This paper describes the functions performed by the AN/ASQ-197 Modified during thesuccessful AV-8B ETARS feasibility flight demonstration program. INTRODUCTION Fairchild won the competitive contract award in 1986 to design, develop and test the specified Sensor Control-Data Display Set (SC-DDS), Figure 1, to the F/A-18 Film Sensor Reconnaissance Pallet. During the ensuing Full Scale Development
5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity of floxuridine-resistant mouse glioma.

Abstract In tissue culture experiments, cells derived from glioma 26, a transplantable tumor of C57B1/6 mice, were sensitive to both floxuridine (5‐fluorodeoxyuridine) and 5‐fluorodeoxyuridine‐5′‐(5‐iodo‐3‐indolyl) phosphate, an enzyme‐mediated drug activated by 5′‐nucleotide phosphodiesterase. When these compounds were tested on the tumor in the animals at a level of 5 mg/kg for 5 days, tumor growth was inhibited approximately 20% by both compounds. When higher levels of 5‐fluorodeoxyuridine, 100 mg/kg four times weekly throughout the lifespan of the mouse, were given, the tumor, although inhibited at first, developed resistance and continued to grow until it killed the animal. Phosphodiesterase levels in the tumor rose as the tumor grew. On the other hand, thymidine kinase levels dropped, as anticipated from the known 5‐fluorodeoxyuridine‐resistant hepatoma tissue culture data. This enzyme pattern was maintained in transplantable mouse glioma lines established from the resistant tumors. One of these lines, tested at a level of 5 mg/kg for 5 days, showed no response to 5‐fluorodeoxyuridine but was still sensitive to 5‐fluorodeoxyuridine‐5′‐(5‐iodo‐3‐indolyl) phosphate. These experiments, therefore, offer a model system and a rationale for the design and study of more compounds that could be activated by the enzyme phosphodiesterase. Such compounds might be used alternatively when resistance to 5‐fluorodeoxyuridine develops, a common clinical experience in the use of this anticancer drug.
Vitamin A Concentration of Cod Liver Oil correlated with Age of Cod

ACTING upon the previous recommendation of the Imperial Economic Committee for the consideration of research to throw light on “the nature of the variations in the vitamin content of cod liver oil produced from fish from various sources and a study of the underlying causes of such variations”, the Empire Marketing Board in 1930 published the report of Drummond and Hilditch (E.M.B. 35) on the “Relative Value of Cod Liver Oils from Various Sources”. These investigators established the superior richness of the liver oils of Newfoundland cod from actual observations on Newfoundland, Scottish, Icelandic and Norwegian samples, and in their study of the causes of the variations reported as follows: “There appear to be two important factors influencing the concentration of vitamin in the liver. The first is the nature of the food supply, and the second is the quantity of oil stored in the liver”. They concluded that, “The richest vitamin oils will, therefore, be obtained in areas where abundant food supplies for the fish are available and at seasons when the oil content of the livers tends to be low”.
TASK CONFLICT AND IDEA SHARING IN INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH GROUPS: DIVERSITY SALIENCE MATTERS

Although interdisciplinary research attracts more and more interest and effort, the benefits of this type of research are not always realized. To understand when expertise diversity will have posit...
An approach to categorification of some small quantum groups II

Abstract We categorify an idempotented form of quantum sl 2 and some of its simple representations at a prime root of unity.
Weak quadratic interactions of two-dimensional waves

This paper reports on weak quadratic interactions which can occur with two-dimensional waves on shallow water layers and in the capillary-gravity range on deep water layers. It supplies experimental support of theoretical predictions for resonant interactions, but, perhaps of more significance, it explores in detail interactions which occur under conditions near resonance.Waves of approximately sinusoidal form are introduced on the surface of water in a long rectangular tank. For deep water a rapid distortion in the sinusoidal wave and sometimes additional crests are observed because of energy exchange among the first, second and third harmonics at frequencies where both surface tension and gravity are important (7·5–13 c/s). An even greater exchange of energy can be observed on shallow water layers at low frequencies. For example, a wave train with seven secondary crests can be observed when the wave maker is operated at 3·04 c/s in a water layer of 0·65 cm.Measured amplitudes and phase angles of the Fourier components of the wave train are described by a system of equations using only quadratic interactions among participating harmonics. The exchange of energy among Fourier components under certain conditions is explained in terms of the rate of change of relative phase angles of the different harmonics.
Exploring the relation between preschool children's magical beliefs and causal thinking

Three studies are presented which examine the degree to which children engage in magical thinking. We suggest that this is not a monolithic question that can be answered by a simple ‘yes' or ‘no’, but involves a number of different facets, including parental input, children's spontaneous beliefs and children's responses to magical events. Conceptions about children's beliefs in magical and fantasy figures were assessed by means of a parent survey. Parents reported that children believe in the reality of a number of fantasy figures and that parents encourage these beliefs to some degree. In Study 2,4- and 5-year-old children made a clear distinction between possible and impossible transformations of animals and did not invoke magical means to produce any outcome. In Study 3 children were asked if a magician could cause certain animal transformations. Here, the 4- and 5-year-olds made no distinction between possible and impossible events, reporting that for a magician none of these events was impossible. Few children said that magicians used trickery, instead suggesting that ‘real’ magic was involved. Taken together these studies suggest that children hold a belief in magic, but not an overwhelming ‘magical’ orientation.
Mining and visualising wireless sensor network data

In this paper, we propose a new network management framework for large-scale randomly-deployed sensor networks, called Energy Map, which explores the inherent relationships between the energy consumption and the sensor operation. Through nonlinear manifold learning algorithms, we are able to: 1) visualise the residual energy level of each sensor in a largescale network 2) infer the sensor locations and the current network topology through mining the collected residual energy data in a randomly-deployed sensor network 3) explore the inherent relation between sensor operation and energy consumption to find the dynamic patterns from a large volume of sensor network data for further network design, such as which set of sensors in a network will be the best candidates to be the future cluster heads, which is usually very important to develop a good sensor network protocol stack such as clustering algorithms and routing protocols.
Adolescent Risk Behavior Screening: The Difference Between Patients Who Come in Frequently and Infrequently

Charts were examined retrospectively to identify evidence of risk behavior screening in adolescents, identified from billing data as visiting at least 9 times during a 1-year period (n=55), frequent attenders (FA). These were matched 2:1 on age, gender, and ethnicity with 121 nonfrequent attenders (NFA),?3 visits in 1 year. FA had more evidence of risk behavior screening than NFA, but less preventive care. Risk screening in males occurred less than in females in both FA and NFA. Chart review demonstrated many missed opportunities. Providers are encouraged to fully utilize well teen exams as well as acute visits for risk behavior screening.
Sampling and Estimation in Hidden Populations Using Respondent-Driven Sampling

Standard statistical methods often provide no way to make accurate estimates about the characteristics of hidden populations such as injection drug users, the homeless, and artists. In this paper, we further develop a sampling and estimation technique called respondent-driven sampling, which allows researchers to make asymptotically unbiased estimates about these hidden populations. The sample is selected with a snowball-type design that can be done more cheaply, quickly, and easily than other methods currently in use. Further, we can show that under certain specified (and quite general) conditions, our estimates for the percentage of the population with a specific trait are asymptotically unbiased. We further show that these estimates are asymptotically unbiased no matter how the seeds are selected. We conclude with a comparison of respondent-driven samples of jazz musicians in New York and San Francisco, with corresponding institutional samples of jazz musicians from these cities. The results show that ...
Treatment of Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Symptoms and Gradient Resistant to First-Line Therapy With β-Blockade or Verapamil

Background—There is controversy about preferred methods to relieve obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients still symptomatic after β-blockade or verapamil. Methods and Results—Of 737 pa...
Transition from geostrophic turbulence to inertia–gravity waves in the atmospheric energy spectrum

Midlatitude fluctuations of the atmospheric winds on scales of thousands of kilometers, the most energetic of such fluctuations, are strongly constrained by the Earth’s rotation and the atmosphere’s stratification. As a result of these constraints, the flow is quasi-2D and energy is trapped at large scales—nonlinear turbulent interactions transfer energy to larger scales, but not to smaller scales. Aircraft observations of wind and temperature near the tropopause indicate that fluctuations at horizontal scales smaller than about 500 km are more energetic than expected from these quasi-2D dynamics. We present an analysis of the observations that indicates that these smaller-scale motions are due to approximately linear inertia–gravity waves, contrary to recent claims that these scales are strongly turbulent. Specifically, the aircraft velocity and temperature measurements are separated into two components: one due to the quasi-2D dynamics and one due to linear inertia–gravity waves. Quasi-2D dynamics dominate at scales larger than 500 km; inertia–gravity waves dominate at scales smaller than 500 km.
HIF1α regulated expression of XPA contributes to cisplatin resistance in lung cancer

Factors regulating nucleotide excision repair probably contribute to the heterogenous response of advanced stage lung cancer patients to drugs such as cisplatin. Studies to identify the genes in the nucleotide excision repair pathway most closely associated with resistance to cisplatin have not been conclusive. We hypothesized that Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XPA), because of its dual role in sensing and recruiting other DNA repair proteins to the damaged template, would be critical in defining sensitivity to cisplatin. Studies were conducted to identify factors regulating transcription of XPA, to assess its role in modulating sensitivity to cisplatin and its expression in primary lung tumors. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) subunit was found to bind with strong affinity to a hypoxia response element sequence in the promoter of XPA. Modulating expression of HIF1α by small interfering RNA or cobalt chloride markedly reduced or increased transcription of XPA in lung cancer cell lines, respectively. Protein levels of XPA were strongly correlated with sensitivity to cisplatin (r = 0.88; P < 0.001) in cell lines and sensitivity could be increased by small interfering RNA depletion of XPA. Expression of XPA determined in 54 primary lung tumors was elevated on average 5.2-fold when compared with normal bronchial epithelial cells and correlated with levels of HIF1α (r = 0.58; P < 0.01). Together, these studies identify XPA as a novel target for regulation by HIF1α whose modulation could impact lung cancer therapy.
Revisiting a Genre: Teaching Infographics in Business and Professional Communication Courses.

Infographics exist on nearly any topic you can imagine, proliferating in the digital age with social media. As this genre continues to explode in the business scene, business and professional commu...
Metabolic Health Has Greater Impact on Diabetes than Simple Overweight/Obesity in Mexican Americans

Purpose. To compare the risk for diabetes in each of 4 categories of metabolic health and BMI. Methods. Participants were drawn from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort, a randomly selected Mexican American cohort in Texas on the US-Mexico border. Subjects were divided into 4 phenotypes according to metabolic health and BMI: metabolically healthy normal weight, metabolically healthy overweight/obese, metabolically unhealthy normal weight, and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese. Metabolic health was defined as having less than 2 metabolic abnormalities. Overweight/obese status was assessed by BMI higher than 25 kg/m2. Diabetes was defined by the 2010 ADA definition or by being on a diabetic medication. Results. The odds ratio for diabetes risk was 2.25 in the metabolically healthy overweight/obese phenotype (95% CI 1.34, 3.79), 3.78 (1.57, 9.09) in the metabolically unhealthy normal weight phenotype, and 5.39 (3.16, 9.20) in metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese phenotype after adjusting for confounding factors compared with the metabolically healthy normal weight phenotype. Conclusions. Metabolic health had a greater effect on the increased risk for diabetes than overweight/obesity. Greater focus on metabolic health might be a more effective target for prevention and control of diabetes than emphasis on weight loss alone.