cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sex-specific Differences in Rim Appearance of Multiple Sclerosis Lesions on Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (P5.2-023)

Objective: To describe relationships between properties of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions on quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and several clinical metrics. Background: Susceptibility MRI studies have shown that techniques such as phase and QSM reveal lesion heterogeneity in MS, including the presence of lesions with outer rims suggestive of iron deposition. In this project, we aimed to evaluate possible correlations between clinical characteristics in MS patients and QSM lesion rims on 7 tesla (7T) MRI. Design/Methods: 39 patients with MS underwent 7T brain MRIs and clinical evaluation. Lesions were identified on FLAIR. QSM images were reviewed for contrast patterns at the edge of these lesions. The proportions of lesion subtypes were compared to demographic characteristics and disability scores. Results: A total of 1279 lesions were identified on FLAIR MRI; 846 (66.15%) of these were visible on QSM, 119 of which had visible rims. Disability scores tended to be worse in those with rims, most of these relationships were not significant. Lesions visible on QSM were more likely to have rims in males (16.1%, vs 4.9% in females, p=0.009). Of the 18 participants (46.2%) with at least 1 rimmed lesion, 61.1% were male; only 19.0% without rims were male (p=0.006). In a logistic regression model accounting for the total number of lesions and age, male sex conferred a nearly 7-fold risk of having ≥1 rimmed lesion(s) (p=0.018). Conclusions: These findings suggest that males with MS are prone to develop lesions with hyperintense rims on QSM – a lesion subtype consistent with pro-inflammatory, iron-laden macrophages at the outer rim of a chronically inflamed lesion on histopathology. Our findings provide in vivo support for the body of pathologic literature indicating sex-specific differences in MS pathophysiology and suggest that 7T QSM can thus be used to study these sex differences in the future. Disclosure: Dr. Tolaymat has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zheng has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Choi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Li has nothing to disclose. Dr. Harrison has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with EMD-Serono, Biogen, Genentech. Dr. Harrison has received research support from EMD-Serono, Genentech.
PROPERTY Estates: The Uniform Statutory Rule Against Perpetuities

The Act strikes Georgia's Rule Against Perpetuities and adopts the Uniform Statutory Rule Against Perpetuities.
Pyloric Ulcer with Special Reference to the Gastric Secretory Pattern

In the literature on pyloric ulcer there is disagreement on many features, including the gastric secretory pattern. Confusion in terminology and the problem of localization of the pylorus probably contribute to the differing opinions. The terms "pylorus," "pyloric ring," "pyloric antrum," and "prepyloric canal" are used loosely. Gutmann and Hoffmannl and Sampson and Sosman2 independently remarked that inadequate descriptions and inaccurate terms render many of the reports "valueless for study purposes."2 The variable figures for the incidence of pyloric ulcer illustrate the point: DouV reported an incidence of 22.8 pel' cent in 35 cases of peptic lesions; Gutmann and Hoffmann,! 1.5 pel' cent; Horsley,4 3 to 4 per cent; Ruffin et al.,5 4.3 per cent; Sampson and Sosman,2 11.9 per cent; Portis and Jaffe,6 18.3 per cent. Some authors4 consider pyloric ulcers to be gastric ulcers in that the lesions appear in the pylorus as a result of prolapse of the gastric mucosa. Butsch7 suggests that physiologically also the two lesions should be considered alike because of their gastric secretory pattern. According to Smith and Rivers,8 a report of pyloric ulcers by the radiologist should signify to the clinician that such ulcers may extend to the gastric side and, for this reason, should be regarded as having the same prognosis as a gastric ulcer. Some authors9 employ terms such as "duodenal slope," "ring," "gastric slope," and "canal"; it must be admitted that exact localization may be difficult to make radiologically, surgically, and indeed, anatomically. Not infrequently, the pathologist is unable to locate a lesion at the site palpated
An Algorithm for Automatic Detection of Loop Indices for Communication Overlapping

This paper presents a compiler algorithm that automatically detects the appropriate loop indices of a given nested loop and applies loop interchange and tiling in order to overlap communication with computation. It also describes method of generating communication for the tiled loop on distributed memory machines. The algorithm presented here has been implemented in our High Performance Fortran (HPF) compiler, and experimental results have shown its effectiveness on the RISC System/6000 Scalable POWERparallel System.
Measurement of dark conductivity at extremely low light levels using photorefractive two wave mixing

Dark conductivity measurements for BaTiO/sub 3/ and Ce:SBN:60 using photorefractive two-wave mixing at intensities of less than 10 mW/cm/sup 2/ are reported. It is shown that the most accurate measurements of dark conductivity are made when the y-intercept is computed using a weighted least squares fit including measurements taken near the noise floor for two-wave mixing interactions in a specific crystal. Such a bound is important to determine experimentally when seeking to understand noise mechanisms in a given photorefractive medium. The authors report sigma /sub d/=9.2*10/sup -13/ ( Omega -cm)/sup -1/ for Ce:SBN:60 and sigma /sub d/=5.4*10/sup -12/ ( Omega -cm)/sup -1/ for BaTiO/sub 3/ when intensities less than 10 mW/cm/sup 2/ are included in the calculation. The results obtained also indicate that diffusion length varies with intensity regime. Therefore, experimental configurations may be affected as well. >
Robust sub-optimal pole assignment of decentralized actuator type large-scale systems by the aggregation matrix with robustness test

This paper studies a method that is used to have control in decentralized actuator type large-scale systems by sub-optimal poles assignment. This type of system can be often seen in computer controlled systems such as electric power systems, communication networks, and aerospace systems. Due to that the fast responses of the subsystems die out a lot faster than the main plain in this type of system, the states of the subsystems can be ignored to simplify the system by singularly perturbation methodology. The optimal poles found are based on a reduced-order model, therefore; the poles are called robust sub-optimal poles assignment. Finally, three easy steps are proposed to complete the robust sub-optimal pole assignment. How robust is this control method can be compared by the dominant pole of the original system and the poles of the reduced-order systems after implementing close-loop feedback.
Wage Differentials for Immigrant Women in the United States: The Heightened Effect of Ethnic and Gender Interaction

Literature states that “the United States is one of only a handful of nations in which immigrant women outnumber immigrant men.” Yet, there has been little systematic research on the work experiences of these women. This paper aims to expand the previous literature by providing some insight into the formerly neglected dimension of female immigrant performance, as it relates to wage differentials based on sex and nationality. This article is available in The Park Place Economist: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/parkplace/vol12/iss1/18
Direct measurement of thermal circuit parameters using pulsed IV and the normalized difference unit

New methods are presented for direct extraction of thermal resistance and capacitance from pulsed IV measurements. Because thermal effects are frequency dependent, a thermal circuit is used in many models to characterize the device channel temperature as a function of frequency. Thermal resistance is determined using pulsed IV data sets taken at varied ambient temperature, while the thermal capacitance is found through use of a new normalized difference unit (NDU) for IV data. Determination of thermal subcircuit parameters from readily available pulsed IV measurements reduces the complexity of electrothermal model development for microwave transistors.
Quantification and validation of HPLC-UV and LC-MS assays for therapeutic drug monitoring of ertapenem in human plasma

Rapid and simple HPLC-UV and LC-MS methods were developed and validated for the quantification of ertapenem (Invanz™) in human plasma. Ertapenem is a unique drug in that current dosing recommendations call for a 1 g dose for normal renal function patients, despite body weight. These assays, which involve a protein precipitation followed by liquid-liquid extraction, allow for fast therapeutic drug monitoring of ertapenem in patients, which is especially useful in special populations. Both methods were sufficient to baseline resolve meropenem (internal standard) and ertapenem, and were validated over 3 days using a six-point calibration curve (0.5-50 µg/mL). Validation was collected using four different points on the calibrations curve yielding acceptable precision (<15% inter-day and intra-day; <20% for lower limit of quantitation, LLOQ) as well as accuracy (<15% inter-day and intra-day; <20% for LLOQ). The lower limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 0.1 and 0.05 µg/mL for the HPLC-UV and LC-MS methods, respectively. The developed HPLC-UV and LC-MS methods for ertapenem quantification are fast, accurate and reproducible over the calibration range and can be used to determine ertapenem plasma concentrations for monitoring clinical efficacy.
Clinical and Hemodynamic Outcomes up to 7 Years After Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement in the US Melody Valve Investigational Device Exemption Trial

Background—Studies of transcatheter pulmonary valve (TPV) replacement with the Melody valve have demonstrated good short-term outcomes, but there are no published long-term follow-up data. Methods ...
Exploring Facets of Personality and Escapism in Pathological Gamblers

This study explored facets of personality between pathological gamblers (n = 69) and nonpathological gamblers (n = 55) in a convenience sample in Los Angeles, California. Pathological gamblers were more prone to mood disturbance, impulsivity, feelings of frustration, interpersonal sensitivity, vulnerability to distress, and distrust of others as measured by the NEO Personality Inventory–Revised. Pathological gamblers also reported diminished competence and self-discipline as well as tendencies toward hasty decision making when compared to nonpathological gamblers. A categorical analysis of subtypes revealed that those who gambled to escape experienced significantly greater levels of neuroticism and facets of impulsivity.
Recent Work on the Philosophy of Duns Scotus

This article highlights five areas of Scotus’ philosophy that have recently been the subject of scholarly discussion. (1) Metaphysics: I outline the most current accounts of Scotus on individuation (thisness or haecceity) and the common nature. (2) Modal theory: I consider recent accounts both of Scotus’ innovations in spelling out the notion of the logically (and broadly logically) possible, and of his account of the independence of modality. (3) Cognitive psychology: I examine recent views of Scotus’ theory of intentionality and the nature of mental content. (4) Semantics: I look at contemporary expositions of Scotus’ view that words signify things. (5) Metaethics and ethics: I briefly describe conflicting interpretations of Scotus’ metaethics, and discuss whether Scotus should be thought of as adopting some kind of divine-command theory or not. I note too Scotus’ claim that virtues and passions can be located in the will.
Cutting Edge: Regulation of TLR4-Driven B Cell Proliferation by RP105 Is Not B Cell Autonomous

Mechanistic understanding of RP105 has been confounded by the fact that this TLR homolog has appeared to have opposing, cell type-specific effects on TLR4 signaling. Although RP105 inhibits TLR4-driven signaling in cell lines and myeloid cells, impaired LPS-driven proliferation by B cells from RP105−/− mice has suggested that RP105 facilitates TLR4 signaling in B cells. In this article, we show that modulation of B cell proliferation by RP105 is not a function of B cell-intrinsic expression of RP105, and identify a mechanistic role for dysregulated BAFF expression in the proliferative abnormalities of B cells from RP105−/− mice: serum BAFF levels are elevated in RP105−/− mice, and partial BAFF neutralization rescues aberrant B cell proliferative responses in such mice. These data indicate that RP105 does not have dichotomous effects on TLR4 signaling and emphasize the need for caution in interpreting the results of global genetic deletion.
Multiscale enhanced sampling of intrinsically disordered protein conformations

In a recently developed multiscale enhanced sampling (MSES) technique, topology-based coarse-grained (CG) models are coupled to atomistic force fields to enhance the sampling of atomistic protein conformations. Here, the MSES protocol is refined by designing more sophisticated Hamiltonian/temperature replica exchange schemes that involve additional parameters in the MSES coupling restraint potential, to more carefully control how conformations are coupled between the atomistic and CG models. A specific focus is to derive an optimal MSES protocol for simulating conformational ensembles of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). The efficacy of the refined protocols, referred to as MSES-soft asymptote (SA), was evaluated using two model peptides with various levels of residual helicities. The results show that MSES-SA generates more reversible helix-coil transitions and leads to improved convergence on various ensemble conformational properties. This study further suggests that more detailed CG models are likely necessary for more effective sampling of local conformational transition of IDPs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Temporal and spatial variability in fall storm induced sediment resuspension on the Mid-Atlantic Bight

Abstract Storm-driven sediment resuspension is an episodic process that is an important constraint on sediment transport on continental shelves; unfortunately, the spatial variability of the resuspension and transport processes are poorly quantified using traditional sampling techniques. Using two autonomous underwater gliders, long-range high frequency radar and buoy data, we quantified spatial variability of sediment resuspension and transport in a large fall storm in November of 2009. Wave, wind and current data in conjunction with glider profiles showed that waves and winds mixed the water column, waves initially mobilized the sediment and shear induced turbulence advected sediment throughout the water column. The separation of over 50 km between the two gliders (RU05 and RU21) is used to highlight the spatial variability of sediment resuspension. Both gliders were operating along the 40 m isobath with RU21 located 50 km north of RU05. Sediment resuspension on the New Jersey (NJ) shelf responded to synoptically forced turbulent motions. Currents transported this sediment toward the southwest in the along-shelf axis and onshore on the cross-shelf axis during the peak resuspension on November 13th through November 14th, with resuspension and transport on the southern NJ shelf measured by RU05 approximately twice that of RU21 on the northern MAB. Variability in resuspension profiles between the two gliders was largely a product of smaller mean grain sizes on the southern portion of the NJ shelf. These smaller grain sediment particles had a reduced fall velocity and were more easily retained throughout the water column by turbulent motions.
Rocket observations of the corona on March 7, 1970.

Coronal observations from Aerobee 150 rocket after total solar eclipse of 7 March 1970 in Mexico, combining coronagraph flight record with ground photography
Identification of Gifted Students in the United States Today: A Look at State Definitions, Policies, and Practices

Definitions of what constitute students who are gifted and talented as well as policies and procedures to identify these high-ability students play a critical role in determining which individuals actually receive gifted services. This article reports on a national survey of how state policies and practices define giftedness, identify gifted students, and accommodate for gifted minority group students. Results indicate substantial changes in definitions and categories of giftedness over the past decade. Results also reveal variability in identification methods, with a majority of states using a 3–5% cutscore for demarcating giftedness while endorsing a multiple cutoff or averaging approach to gifted decision making. Most noteworthy is the fact that at present, no state advocates using a single-score decision-making model for gifted classification. The authors discuss the implications for school psychology.
A further study of cardiac vectors in the frontal plane

Abstract In a previous study we analyzed cardiac vectors in the frontal plane from several hundred limb-lead electrocardiograms. 1 They were selected at random from routine 12-lead electrocardiograms which were classified either as being normal or as indicating right ventricular hypertrophy, left ventricular hypertrophy, complete right bundle branch block, or complete left bundle branch block. The classification of the electrocardiograms was based on the criteria established by Frank N. Wilson and associates. This study is a continuation of the previous one. It concerns cardiac vectors in the frontal plane from a total of 400 limb-lead electrocardiograms. They were selected at random, there being 100 cases of old anterior myocardial infarction (AMI), 100 cases of old posterior myocardial infarction (PMI), 100 cases of acute pericarditis (AP), and 100 cases of digitalis effect in left ventricular hypertrophy (DE). In each case the classification was supported by clinical data. The recording instrument was a Sanborn Viso-Cardiette.
The roles of annexins and types II and X collagen in matrix vesicle-mediated mineralization of growth plate cartilage.

Annexins II, V, and VI are major components of matrix vesicles (MV), i.e. particles that have the critical role of initiating the mineralization process in skeletal tissues. Furthermore, types II and X collagen are associated with MV, and these interactions mediated by annexin V stimulate Ca2+ uptake and mineralization of MV. However, the exact roles of annexin II, V, and VI and the interaction between annexin V and types II and X collagen in MV function and initiation of mineralization are not well understood. In this study, we demonstrate that annexin II, V, or VI mediate Ca2+ influx into phosphatidylserine (PS)-enriched liposomes, liposomes containing lipids extracted from authentic MV, and intact authentic MV. The annexin Ca2+ channel blocker, K-201, not only inhibited Ca2+ influx into fura-2-loaded PS-enriched liposomes mediated by annexin II, V, or VI, but also inhibited Ca2+ uptake by authentic MV. Types II and X collagen only bound to liposomes in the presence of annexin V but not in the presence of annexin II or VI. Binding of these collagens to annexin V stimulated its Ca2+ channel activities, leading to an increased Ca2+ influx into the liposomes. These findings indicate that the formation of annexin II, V, and VI Ca2+ channels in MV together with stimulation of annexin V channel activity by collagen (types II and X) binding can explain how MV are able to rapidly take up Ca2+ and initiate the formation of the first crystal phase.
Nonlinear dynamics and chaos in hydrologic systems: latest developments and a look forward

During the last two decades or so, studies on the applications of the concepts of nonlinear dynamics and chaos to hydrologic systems and processes have been on the rise. Earlier studies on this topic focused mainly on the investigation and prediction of chaos in rainfall and river flow, and further advances were made during the subsequent years through applications of the concepts to other problems (e.g. data disaggregation, missing data estimation, and reconstruction of system equations) and other processes (e.g. rainfall-runoff and sediment transport). The outcomes of these studies are certainly encouraging, especially considering the exploratory stage of the concepts in hydrologic sciences. This paper discusses some of the latest developments on the applications of these concepts to hydrologic systems and the challenges that lie ahead on the way to further progress. As for their applications, studies in the important areas of scaling, groundwater contamination, parameter estimation and optimization, and catchment classification are reviewed and the inroads made thus far are reported. In regards to the challenges that lie ahead, particular focus is given to improving our understanding of these largely less-understood concepts and also finding ways to integrate these concepts with the others. With the recognition that none of the existing one-sided ‘extreme-view’ modeling approaches is capable of solving the hydrologic problems that we are faced with, the need for finding a balanced ‘middle-ground’ approach that can integrate different methods is stressed. To this end, the viability of bringing together the stochastic concepts and the deterministic concepts as a starting point is also highlighted.
Supporting Students' Motivation, Engagement, and Learning During an Uninteresting Activity

The present study examined the capacity of 2 different theoretical models of motivation to explain why an externally provided rationale often supports students' motivation, engagement, and learning during relatively uninteresting learning activities. One hundred thirty-six undergraduates (108 women, 28 men) worked on an uninteresting 20-min lesson after either receiving or not receiving a rationale. Participants who received the rationale showed greater identified regulation, interest-enhancing strategies, behavioral engagement, and conceptual learning. Structural equation modeling was used to test 3 alternative explanatory models to understand why the rationale produced these benefits--an identified regulation model based on self-determination theory, an interest regulation model based on interest-enhancing strategies research, and an additive model that integrated both models. The data fit all 3 models; however, only the model that included rationale-enhanced identified regulation uniquely fostered students' engagement and hence their learning. Findings highlight the role that externally provided rationales can play in helping students generate the autonomous motivation they need to engage constructively in and learn from uninteresting, but personally important, lessons.
High-level expression of a bioengineered, cysteine-free hepatocyte-stimulating factor (interleukin 6)-like protein.

Abstract Hepatocyte-stimulating factor, interferon-beta 2, B-cell stimulation factor 2, and hybridoma/plasmacytoma growth factor are identical proteins presently referred to as interleukin 6 (IL-6). Through the use of synthetic oligonucleotide technology, we have constructed a biologically active recombinant IL-6 (rIL-6) gene based on the sequence of a human IL-6 cDNA. The synthetic gene encodes a cysteine-free, bioengineered rIL-6 protein that is expressed at high levels in Escherichia coli as a tripartite fusion protein. Cleavage of the fusion protein with collagenase releases a 23-kDa rIL-6 protein that can be easily purified to homogeneity. We show that the rIL-6 protein displays a range of biological activities similar to those of natural human IL-6, as demonstrated by its ability to (i) protect cells from viral infection, (ii) stimulate the synthesis of fibrinogen in rat FAZA 967 cells, and (iii) induce the terminal differentiation of B cells, resulting in elevated secretion of immunoglobulin.
Intrarenal pseudoaneurysm presenting 15 years after penetrating renal injury

Abstract We report a case of an intrarenal pseudoaneurysm presenting with gross hematuria 15 years after a renal stab wound and subsequently rupturing after attempted angiographic embolization.
Fluoride Supplement Use by Children in Fluoridated Communities

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to describe patterns of inappropriate fluoride supplementation among a sample of Connecticut schoolchildren living in optimally fluoridated areas. Methods: Fluoride exposure histories were obtained via a written questionnaire with a response rate of 89 percent and an overall reliability of 87 percent agreement. Results: A total of 575 subjects lived the entire first eight years of life in a fluoridated community. Of these, 26.1 percent had a history of inappropriate supplementation sometime during that period, including 31.8 percent of subjects with mild to moderate fluorosis and 22.8 percent of subjects without fluorosis. There were no significant supplement history differences related to current age, sex, or socioeconomic status. Overall, 71 percent of these subjects used only vitamins with fluoride, while only 14 percent were reported to have used fluoride supplements alone. Sixty-eight percent of the subjects who were supplemented while breast feeding, continued supplementation after cessation of breast feeding. Conclusions: These findings reinforce the need for health professionals to be targeted more aggressively at the school, residency, and private practice levels to better promote a full understanding of the proper utilization of fluoride supplements.
The Power of the Program: How the Academic Program Can Improve Community College Student Success:

This case study examines two successful career-focused programs at an urban community college struggling with retention. The findings show how these programs create a unique institutional subculture, resulting in relatively higher rates of retention and graduation, and highlight the tremendous potential of the program to mitigate limitations of retention efforts undertaken at the institutional level.
Cluster analysis of hydration waters around the active sites of bacterial alanine racemase using a 2-ns MD simulation

Structural data produced by a 2-ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation on Geobacillus alanine racemase (AlaR; PDB: 1SFT) was used to study hydration around the two AlaR active sites. AlaR is a crucial enzyme for bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. It has been shown previously that the potency of an inhibitor can be increased by incorporating a functional group or atom that displaces hydration sites close to the substrate binding pocket of its target enzyme. The complete linkage algorithm was used for cluster analysis of the active site water positions from 126 solvent configurations sampled at regular intervals from the 2-ns MD simulation. Crystal waters in the 1SFT X-ray structure occupy most of the tightly bound water sites that were discovered. We show here that tightly bound water sites can be identified by cluster analysis of MD-generated coordinates starting with data supplied by a single X-ray structure, and we predict a highly conserved hydration site close to the carboxyl oxygen of L-Ala substrate. This approach holds promise for accelerating the drug design process. We also discuss an analysis of the well-known notion of residence time and introduce a new measure called retention time. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 210–219, 2008. This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Local tumor hyperthermia in combination with radiation therapy. 1. Malignant cutaneous lesions

There is increasing evidence that the use of hyperthermia alone or in conjunction with other modalities may improve the therapeutic effectiveness of treatment of cancer. The present clinical studies were carried out to evaluate the response of normal and tumor tissues in patients with various cutaneous malignant lesions to repeated courses of hyperthermia alone or in conjunction with radiation therapy. Thirty-six patients with malignant cutaneous lesions (mycosis fungoides, Kaposi sarcoma, malignant melanoma, lymphoma cutis, and other metastatic skin lesions) have been studied. The heating methods used were: 1) temperature regulated water bath immersion; and 2) radiofrequency inductive heating. The normal tissue effects of the combined treatments of radiation and hyperthermia do not appear to be greater than those treated with radiation alone. The initial tumor regression rates were faster in patients treated with radiation plus hyperthermia than in radiation alone, particularly in patients with Kaposi sarcoma and lymphoma cutis. Among ten locally recurrent patients, seven showed significant prolonged benefits achieved by the combined treatments as compared with the radiation therapy alone. Fractionated hyperthermia alone caused significant tumor regression in four out of five patients. Possible mechanisms leading to the improved results from the combined treatments are discussed. Cancer 40:161–169, 1977.
Assessing the sensitivity of fMRI group maps.

Abstract Group maps created from individual functional maps provide useful summaries of patterns of brain activation. Different methods for combining information have been proposed in the statistical literature and have been recently applied to fMRI data. Since these group maps are statistics, it is natural to ask how robust they are, that is, are they sensitive to the effects of unusual subjects? “Unusual” might be in terms of extent, location, or strength of activation. Our approach in this paper is to jackknife group maps formed by different combining procedures; the jackknife method, which involves deleting each observation (subject) in turn and recalculating the statistic (the group map), is commonly used for the purpose of assessing sensitivity. We examine the theoretical properties of four combining methods. In addition, via a collection of measures defined on the difference between group maps based on the entire sample and based on the jackknifed samples, we evaluate the robustness of these same methods on data from an fMRI experiment. Results indicate that there is a type of tradeoff in the combining techniques we consider, between robustness and conservativeness: methods that are liberal, in that they allow for the discovery of many active voxels, tend also to be more sensitive to the influences of individual subjects.
Nexialism and the Law of Unintended Consequences

What do broken windows, merit systems, and cattle prods have to do with new processes and compliance rules? Can the laws of unintended consequences be used as an advantage? Find out as this nexialist explores the interconnectedness of things.
The photolysis of bis(benzene)chromium(I) in chloroform

Abstract Irradiation of [Cr(C 6 H 6 ) 2 ]Cl in chloroform at 254 nm yields CrCl 3 . The reaction occurs primarily through the photodissociation of CHCl 3 , followed by attack by CCl 3 radicals or HCl on the complex.
Silica- and Zirconia-Hybridized Amorphous Calcium Phosphate: Effect on Transformation to Hydroxyapatite

The goal of this study was to determine the effect that silica and zirconia have on the stability of bioactive amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) mineral, i.e., in retarding its transformation to hydroxyapatite (HAP). The glass-forming agents, tetraethoxysilane and zirconyl chloride, were introduced individually during the low-temperature preparation of ACP. These hybrid ACPs (Si-ACP and Zr-ACP, respectively) as well as the control, unhybridized ACP (u-ACP), were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area measurements, and chemical analysis (Ca/PO4 ratio of the solids) before being dispersed in one of the following four test solutions: N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N′-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES)-buffered (pH = 7.40) saline solutions with 0 μg/g fluoride (test solution A1), 1 μg/g fluoride (test solution A2), and 10 μg/g fluoride (test solution A3), or a lactic acid-containing solution (pH = 5.10, adjusted with NaOH; test solution B). Aliquots were taken at predetermined time intervals for solution Ca and PO4 analysis. Solids isolated after 30 and 90 min exposure to solution B as well as the final dissolution/transformation products from all four solution experiments were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Regardless of the type of experimental solution used, slower conversion to HAP was observed with the hybrid ACPs compared with u-ACP. The retarding effect of the Si or Zr species in the hybridized ACPs is probably due to these ions specifically blocking, by adsorption, potential sites for HAP nucleation and growth. The stability of ACP toward HAP conversion increased in the following order: u-ACP < Si-ACP < Zr-ACP. Hybrid ACP fillers, especially Zr-ACP, could be utilized in applications in which it is desired to enhance performance of composites, sealants, and/or adhesives in preventing demineralization or actively promoting remineralization. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* J Biomed Mater Res 59: 597–604, 2002
Design of a wearable wide-angle projection color display

In this paper, we investigate the design and fabrication of ultra-light weight projection lenses for color wearable displays. Driven by field of view requirements from 40 degree to 90 degrees, we employed the combination of plastic, glass, and diffractive optics to yield less than 10g optics per eye. The approach centers on the use of projection optics instead of eyepiece optics to yield most compact and high image quality designs. The implementation of the fabricated 52 degrees lens in a teleportal head-mounted display and remote collaborative environment is demonstrated. We also present the design results for a 70 degrees design.
Challenges from State-Federal Interactions in US Climate Change Policy

With a focus on two sorts of regulation--renewable electricity and clean energy standards, and automobile fuel-economy standards--we analyze problematic interactions that arise when state policies are nested within the domain of Federal policy. Here state efforts may fail to reduce greenhouse gas emissions nationally, and may compromise cost-effectiveness. Difficulties from overlapping regulations are avoidable through price- (as opposed to quantity-) based Federal policy. We identify some potentially positive interactions between state and Federal policies, and identify rationales for state action when Federal and state policies do not overlap.
Kinetics studies of hybrid structure formation by controlled photopolymerization

Real-time FT-NIR spectroscopy was used to monitor the individual monomer photopolymerization kinetics within the hybrid methacrylate/vinyl ether system composed of 2-phenoxyethyl methacrylate and tri(ethylene glycol) methyl vinyl ether. Photopolymerization processing conditions, such as light intensity, photoinitiator type (both free radical and cationic) and initiator ratios and concentrations, that provide preferential direction of polymer formation based on individual monomer photopolymerization kinetics and overall conversion have been evaluated. Single source UV-light irradiation was employed to produce either single or dual-stage hybrid polymerization, validating the potential of one-step, one-pot methodology for initiating stage-curable polymerizations.
Functional aortic insufficiency. A feature of renal failure.

PRESENCE of an aortic diastolic murmur generally signifies organic valvular disease. Functional aortic insufficiency is unusual; its occasional occurrence has been attributed to such hemodynamic st...
Space- and Time-Resolved Diffusion-Limited Binary Reaction Kinetics in Capillaries: Experimental Observation of Segregation, Anomalous Exponents, and Depletion Zone

An experimental investigation of one-dimensional, diffusion-limited A+B→C chemical reactions is reported. The persistence of reactant segregation and the formation of a depletion zone is observed and expressed in terms of the universal time exponents:α (motion of the boundary zone),β (width of instantaneous product formation zone),γ (rate of instantaneous local formation of product),δ (rate of instantaneous global formation of product), etc. There is good agreement with the recently predicted and/or simulated values:α=1/2,β=1/6,γ=2/3,δ=1/2, in contrast to classical predictions (α=0,β=1/2,γ=0,δ=−1/2). Furthermore, classically the segregation would not be preserved and there would be no formation of a depletion zone and no motion (just dissipation) of the reaction zone. We also discuss the relations to electrode oxidation-reduction reactions, i.e., A+C→C where C is a catalyst, electrode, or “trap.”
Simultaneous multislice acquisition using rosette trajectories (SMART): A new imaging method for functional MRI

A new acquisition technique for rapid, whole-brain functional MRI is presented. In this technique, several slices are simultaneously acquired using rosette k-space trajectories and a gradient-induced frequency modulation. This modulation together with the spectral properties of the rosette acquisition allow all slices to be reconstructed individually. In functional MRI studies, acquisition rates of 16.7 to 25 images/s were achieved, a threefold improvement over single-slice acquisitions. The raw images showed some increase in noise. However, because this increase is mostly stationary, the functional activation maps showed only a slight increase in noise (8%).
Oxytocin receptor and Mecp2308/Y knockout mice exhibit altered expression of autism-related social behaviors

The development of tasks measuring behaviors specific to the three major symptom categories for autism makes it possible to differentiate mouse models of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in terms of changes in these specific categories. Prior studies indicate that BTBR T+tf/J mice, the strain that has been evaluated most extensively, show autism-relevant changes in all three symptom categories; reciprocal social interactions; communication; and repetitive, ritualized behaviors. This report reviews the behaviors of oxytocin receptor (Oxtr) and Mecp2(308/Y) wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice, in a number of tests specifically designed to provide information on behaviors that may show functional parallels to the core symptoms of ASD. Oxtr KO mice show robust decreases in reciprocal social interactions, and reduced levels of communication, but no changes in repetitive, ritualized behaviors; whereas Mecp2(308/Y) KO mice show a slight but consistent enhancement of social behavior and communication, and no changes in repetitive, ritualized behaviors. This data base, although small, strongly indicates that mouse models can sort the diagnostic symptoms of autism, and suggests that biological and physiological analyses of these strains may be capable of providing differential information on the brain systems involved in particular symptoms of this disorder. Profiles of behavioral changes in other mouse models of ASD should provide additional specificity in the search for biomarkers associated with particular ASD symptoms and symptom clusters.
Modular variables in quantum theory

The non-local aspects of interaction between quantum systems are investigated. These aspects are particularly conspicuous in quantum phenomena without a classical analog, such as the quantum effects of electromagnetic potentials. The study of the potential effect leads to the introduction of a new type of dynamical variable, the modular variable, which brings out the physical features of quantum mechanical non-locality.
Improved glycemic control lowers plasma apoprotein E and triglyceride levels following ingestion of a fat load in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.

To assess the effect of glycemic control on triglyceride (TG) and apoprotein E (apo E) metabolism, plasma levels of TG and apo E were studied in nine nonobese subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) following acute ingestion of polyunsaturated fat. Each subject was studied twice: before and after ten days of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Each subject ingested identical meals on both study days. Plasma glucose was determined in all patients before and two hours after each meal and at 3 am, and a mean value was calculated for each patient. CSII reduced mean plasma glucose from 205 to 113 mg/dL (P < .005, paired t test); there was no change in the total daily insulin dose. Plasma TG and apo E levels were measured before and 3.5, 5, and 7 hours after a breakfast which contained 50 g of fish oil (five subjects) or vegetable oil (four subjects). A repeated-measures ANOVA was performed to assess the effects of the following three factors on plasma TG and apoE levels: type of oil ingested (Oil, factor A), glycemic control (Glycemic control, factor B), and the response to fat ingestion over time (Times, factor C). Plasma levels of both apo E and TG increased significantly after fat ingestion (F test, ANOVA, P < .005 and P < .001, respectively). Glycemic control significantly reduced the rise in both apo E and TG levels (P < .005 and P < .05, respectively). The effect of the type of oil and the interactions tested (AB, AC, BC, ABC) were not statistically significant. A strong, statistically significant correlation was observed between plasma TG and apo E levels in both the fasting (r = .877, P < .005) and postprandial states (r = .675, P < .05) before CSII. Following glycemic control, this correlation persisted in the fasting but not in the postprandial state; moreover, the plasma postprandial TG/apo E ratio increased with CSII (P < .05), probably because the amount of apo E in the population of TG-rich lipoprotein particles (measured in three subjects) was reduced.
New polarisation-insensitive detection technique for coherent optical fibre heterodyne communications

A new technique for overcoming polarisation-induced fading in coherent optical fibre communications is described. The technique generates two IFs, which fade in antiphase, by mixing the signal light with orthogonally polarised local oscillator modes which have been separated in the frequency domain.
Steinernema scarabaei, an entomopathogenic nematode for control of the European chafer.

Abstract A new entomopathogenic nematode species, Steinernema scarabaei , was evaluated for efficacy against two white grub species, the European chafer, Rhizotrogus majalis , and the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica , in laboratory, greenhouse, and field trials. In laboratory assays, S. scarabaei caused greater mortality than Heterorhabditis bacteriophora . S. scarabaei was highly virulent with an LC 50 of 5.5–6.0 and 5.7 infective juveniles (IJs) per third-instar larva in R. majalis and P. japonica , respectively. In a greenhouse trial, S. scarabaei provided greater mortality of R. majalis at all application rates (0.156–1.25 × 10 9 IJs/ha) than Steinernema glaseri and H. bacteriophora (both at 1.25 × 10 9 IJs/ha). Combination of imidacloprid and S. scarabaei resulted in an antagonistic interaction. In a fall field trial, S. scarabaei provided 88 and 75% control of R. majalis at 2.5 × 10 9 and 10 9 IJs/ha, respectively, and 54% control of P. japonica at 10 9 IJs/ha; H. bacteriophora had no effect on mortality of either white grub species. In a spring field trial, unusually cool temperatures impeded nematode activity. Against R. majalis , S. scarabaei provided moderate control (56–59%), whereas Heterorhabditis marelatus provided no control. Mortality of P. japonica was moderate (49–66%) in both S. scarabaei and H. marelatus treatments. Overwinter persistence of S. scarabaei activity was demonstrated in a spring assay of soil from fall treated plots in which nematode infection was absent from control plots and present in treated plots.
Nonexistence of new order-9 projective plane with order-13 collineation

The order-9 Desarguesian projective plane and the known self-dual non-Desarguesian plane (“Carmichael” or “Hughes” plane) each have a 13-collineation displacing all points and all lines. We show that no previously undiscovered 9-plane has this property.
Virtual-source theory of unstable resonator modes.

A new method for understanding and calculating unstable resonator modes has been developed. It consists of propagating an initial uniform plane wave N round trips through the resonator, as in the Fox and Li [Bell Syst. Tech. J. 40, 453 (1961)] approach. The propagation, however, is performed entirely in collimated space that results from unfolding the resonator into its virtual images of the feedback mirror. In this unfolded space, the field after N round trips consists of a single plane-wave propagation plus the sum of diffracted waves from N pairs of virtual sources (for the strip-resonator case). The edge-diffraction function is determined from an asymptotic solution to the Huygens–Fresnel integral for an incident plane wave. The advantages of the method are that it is conceptually simple and numerically accurate and requires only minimal computer time.
Chemical ionization mass spectrometry of C2H4/C2D4 mixtures using iodine as reagent gas

Gas-phase ionization of ethylene with positive ions generated from molecular I 2 leads to the formation of the iodiranium ion, m/z 155. No fragmentation or crossover is seen from a mixture of C 2 H 4 and C 2 D 4 , although a net isotope effect (I 155 /I 189 = 1.41 ± 0.02) is observed
A new method for the isolation of pure quercitrin from lemon flavin.

Abstract 1. 1. A simplified method for the isolation of pure quercitrin from lemon flavin has been described. 2. 2. The method employs the technique of adsorption chromatography for the separation of flavonoid compounds.
Population heterogeneity in the impact of body weight on mortality

Existing research provides inconsistent evidence for a relationship between overweight and/or obesity and mortality, and poorly studies the population heterogeneity with respect to the mortality consequence of overweight/obesity. This study investigates how overweight and/or obesity affect mortality and how these effects may vary across sociodemographic groups defined by race, sex, age, education and income by using the U.S. Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) with linked mortality data from 1988 to 2006 (6915 respondents with 2694 deaths). Analysis from Cox proportional hazard model suggests overweight people are at lower risk of death compared to normal weight people, but this protection effect is concentrated in black men, older adults, and people in the lowest income stratum. Class I obesity does not increase mortality risk, but Class II/III obesity does and the harmful effect is concentrated in whites, young and middle adults, and people with higher education and income levels. We discuss these findings in the context of the extant literature and the long-term prospect of life expectancy in the U.S.