cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
H ∞ sensitivity minimization for unstable infinite-dimensional plants

This paper considers the problem of designing nearoptimal finite-dimensional compensators for unstable infinite-dimensional plants. Standard weighted H∞ sensitivity measures are used to define the notion of optimality. The method of solution is based on finite-dimensional techniques applied to finite-dimensional approximants of the original plant. The difficulties which arise from such an approach can be attributed to two factors. First, there is the lack of continuity of the performance measures with respect to perturbations in the plant, even with the graph topology. Second, there are many infinite-dimensional plants which cannot be approximated uniformly in the graph topology. It is shown in this paper, for the sensitivity minimization problem, that it is sufficient to obtain approximants of the plant on compact sets, provided that the inner part of the plant's "numerator coprime factor" is approximated in some sense. Constructive algorithms are presented. New results on the convergence of actual closed loop transfer functions are also given.
Inverse spectral problems on compact Riemannian manifolds

These notes are a revised and expanded version of lectures given at the Nordic Summer School of Mathematics in August of 1988. Their purpose is to publicize in the Mathematical Physics community some of the very interesting inverse spectral problems of current interest in differential geometry. These questions concern the geometric content of the spectrum of the Laplacian. To what extent does the Laplace spectrum of a Riemannian manifold determine its metric? Numerous counterexamples show that the spectrum of the Laplacian does not uniquely determine a Riemannian metric on a fixed smooth manifold M. One measure of the nonuniqueness is the "size" of the isospectral set of a given Riemannian metric g on M, that is, the set of all non-isometric Riemannian metrics g~ on M with the same Laplace spectrum as g. These lectures motivate and describe recent work of Osgood, Phillips and Sarnak [38, 39, 40], Brooks, Perry and Yang [6] and Chang and Yang [9, 10] which prove compactness theorems about the isospectral set of a Riemannian metric in various situations. Along the way we give some of the history of inverse spectral problems on open domains in R ~ and compact manifolds. These lectures cover only a very narrow area of research activity in a vast field: interested readers should consult the books of Chavel [12] and Berger, Gauduchon, and Mazet [4] to obtain a broader perspective. Another survey of the results we discuss, written from a different point of view, has recently been given by Chang and Yang [11]. For background material on Riemannian geometry, the Laplacian, and the spectrum of the Laplacian, readers can consult [4, 12] and [14], §11.3, 12.1, 12.5, and 12.6. My own involvement in the field has begun quite recently, in pleasant collaboration with Robert Brooks and Paul Yang. I am grateful to them for the insights that I have gained and for those that they have shared with me. I am also grateful to Peter Sarnak for helpful discussions, and to Stanford University for hospitality during part of the time that these lectures were written. During that time, Alice Chang and Paul Yang were kind enough to give m e private lectures on their work, some of which is described below. I am also indebted to Rare Mazzeo, Brad Osgood, and Charles Yeomans for their careful reading of these notes and their helpful comments. Finally, I would like to thank the organizers and students of the Nordic Summer School of Mathematics for the opportunity to give these lectures, and for the attentiveness with which they were received!
Cosmid cloning of five Zymomonas trp genes by complementation of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida trp mutants.

Abstract A library of Zymomonas mobilis genomic DNA was constructed in the broad-host-range cosmid pLAFR1. The library was mobilized into a variety of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida trp mutants by using the helper plasmid pRK2013. Five Z. mobilis trp genes were identified by the ability to complement the trp mutants. The trpF, trpB, and trpA genes were on one cosmid, while the trpD and trpC genes were on two separate cosmids. The organization of the Z. mobilis trp genes seems to be similar to the organization found in Rhizobium spp., Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and Pseudomonas acidovorans. The trpF, trpB, and trpA genes appeared to be linked, but they were not closely associated with trpD or trpC genes.
Position-displacement correlations in QELSS spectra of non-dilute colloids

This paper examines relationships between the quasielastic light scattering spectrum S(q, t) and the distribution functions for particle displacements over various times. For dilute probes in a complex, non-scattering fluid, S(q, t) is determined by the even moments of the one-particle displacement distribution function P(X, t). For concentrated scattering particles, S(q, t) is not determined by P(X, t). Instead, S(q, t) is determined in part by P(X, t) and in part by a spatial Fourier transform of the two particle displacement distribution function P(2)(X, t, R(12)). Here, X is the displacement of particle 1 during t, and R(12) is the component (at t = 0), parallel to the scattering vector q, of the vector from particle 1 to a second particle 2.
Monocrotaline promotes transplanted cell engraftment and advances liver repopulation in rats via liver conditioning

Disruption of the hepatic endothelial barrier or Kupffer cell function facilitates transplanted cell engraftment in the liver. To determine whether these mechanisms could be activated simultaneously, we studied the effects of monocrotaline, a pyrollizidine alkaloid, with reported toxicity in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells. The effects of monocrotaline in Fischer 344 rats were examined by tissue morphology, serum hyaluronic acid levels, and liver tests (endothelial and hepatocyte injury) or incorporation of carbon and (99m)Tc-sulfur colloid (Kupffer cell damage). To study changes in cell engraftment and liver repopulation, Fischer 344 rat hepatocytes were transplanted into syngeneic dipeptidyl peptidase IV-deficient rats followed by histological assays. We observed extensive endothelial injury without Kupffer cell or hepatocyte damage in monocrotaline-treated rats. Monocrotaline enhanced transplanted cell engraftment without changes in transplanted cell numbers or induction of proliferation in native hepatocytes over 3 months. In monocrotaline-treated rats, transplanted cells integrated into the liver parenchyma and survived in vascular spaces. To determine whether native hepatocytes suffered inapparent damage after monocrotaline, we introduced further liver injury with carbon tetrachloride subsequent to cell transplantation. Monocrotaline sensitized the liver to carbon tetrachloride-induced necrosis, which advanced transplanted cell proliferation, leading to significant liver repopulation. During this process, we observed proliferation of bile duct cells and small epithelial cells, although transplanted hepatocytes did not appear to reconstitute bile ducts. The studies showed that perturbation of multiple liver cell compartments by monocrotaline promoted transplanted cell engraftment and proliferation. In conclusion, development of drugs with monocrotaline-like effects will help advance liver cell therapy.
On the homological structures associated with certain artin algebras

If R is a ring, there are several graded algebras which are associated with R. If M is any R-module, then Exti(M, M) = @ C,“=O Ext”,(M, M) is a graded algebra, where the product is the Yoneda product. If Jz! c RMod is any collection of R-modules, then 0 CM6 .& CNt ,A( Ext;?;(M, N) is also a graded ring, where the product is the Yoneda product, where it is defined, and zero elsewhere. In this paper, we shall give a description of these structures for certain classes of modules over rings satisfying certain conditions. In particular, in this paper, all rings are assumed to be finite-dimensional algebras over some fixed algebraically closed field F, and all modules are left modules. If R is such a ring, yR (or just 9, if the context ensures no ambiguity) E RMod will be a collection containing one representative of each isomorphism class of simple R-modules. We shall compute the structure of Exts(S, S) for SEY and of Ext(R)= @CsG,Y’CTtTfExtr?;(S, T) when R is pro-uniserial, injec-uniserial, or Nakayama.
Oddity of a paediatric radial head fracture—a case report

A 12-year-old girl presented to the casualty with a painful and swollen right elbow three days after having slipped and fallen on ice. There was painful restriction of forearm rotation and elbow movement. There were no other associated injuries and the distal neurovascular status was intact. There was a history of injury to the same elbow on two previous occasions, which were treated symptomatically without any radiological investigations. X-rays of the elbow were requested and the case was referred to the orthopaedic surgeon. The X-rays showed a well-corticated, anterior fragment involving the articular surface of the radial head, suggestive of an old fracture (Fig. 1). The elbow fat pad sign was positive indicating a joint effusion. A diagnosis of an old radial head fracture (Salter—Harris type IV physeal injury) with delayed union/nonunion was made, with the differential diagnosis of unusual epiphyseal ossification. The patient was treated conservatively and advised to mobilise the elbow as soon as the symptoms settled. At 3 weeks follow-up, the elbow had a full range of flexion/extension and pronation/supination with no localised bony tenderness, and the patient was discharged from the clinic. One year later, the girl was referred back to the orthopaedic clinic with complaints of recurrent locking episodes of her right elbow. There had been no further instances of injury to the elbow. On examination, there was no localised tenderness or swelling of the elbow and there was a full range of flexion/extension and pronation/supination. A clinical diagnosis of an intra articular loose body was made, bearing in mind the earlier radiological picture. Fresh X-rays showed that the radial head fragment seen earlier had completely fused with the rest of the proximal radius, but with a slight irregularity of the articular surface (Fig. 2). An X-ray of the opposite elbow, performed to identify any abnormality in the appearance of the radial head epiphysis, was normal (Fig. 3). Plans for a CT scan of the elbow could not be undertaken because the child and her family were emigrating to another country.
Construction of cosmid contigs and high-resolution restriction mapping of the Huntington disease region of human chromosome 4

The gene responsible for Huntington disease (HD) has been localized to a 2.2 million base pair (Mbp) region between the loci D4S10 and D4S98 on the short arm of human chromosome 4. As part of a strategy originally designed to clone the gene based on its chromosomal location, we and others previously identified overlapping yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones covering most of this region. While these YAC clones were useful for initially obtaining long-range clone continuity, a number of features of the YACs indicated that smaller clones are generally more useful in the subsequent steps of the positional cloning strategy. In this paper, we use these YAC clones to generate sets of overlapping cosmid clones covering most of the HD region. We isolated a large number of cosmids by screening a chromosome 4-specific cosmid library with labeled DNA from a minimal overlapping set of YAC clones. These cosmid clones were further analyzed by restriction mapping and hybridization experiments, leading to the assembly of 185 cosmids into eleven contigs covering more than 1.65 Mbp and to a fine-structure restriction map of the region. Nine of these contigs cover 90 percent of the 1.7 Mbp subregion between loci D4S125 and D4S98 where the HD gene is now known to lie. The detailed restriction map and the cosmid clones should facilitate the identification and localization of cDNAs and polymorphic markers, and they provide reagents for large scale DNA sequencing of this region of the human genome. Our results suggest that this strategy should be generally useful for converting YAC clones into cosmid contigs and generating high-resolution restriction maps of genomic regions of interest.
What is stuttering: Variations and stereotypes

Abstract In Tallahassee, Florida 563 persons were randomly contacted by telephone. Informat ages ranged from 11 to 85 years, 58% were female, and many vocations were represented. Informants responded to questions concerning their knowledge and opinions about stuttering, and were asked to offer remedial suggestions. Results indicated they could not apply any consistent, applicable definition or description of stuttering. Perceptions of stutters, although varied, were stereotypic in regarding them as being less adequate and often characterized by poor adjustment. Remedial advice also varied, but often involved principles embedded in current therapies. However, advice rarely included awareness of or referral to speech/language pathologists.
Effect of solid conductivity on radiative heat transfer in packed beds

THE SOLUTION of the radiative heat transfer problem in porous media has received considerable attention for a number of years (e.g.. Vortmeyer [I], Tien and Drolen [2], ’ nd Kaviany and Singh [3]). The medium may be considere d as a continuum or as a discrete collection of particles, depending on whether the packing lies in the dependent or independent scattering/absorption range. Independent scattering/absorption is said to occur when the interaction between the radiation and a particle is not influenced by the presence of the neighboring particles. Dependent scattering can be divided into a far-field interference influencing the scattering characteristics of the medium and a near-field multiple scattering within a representative elementary volume in which the scattering and absorption characteristics of the particles are affected. Singh and Kaviany [4] show that the limits of independent scattering are a minimum value of porosity (E z 0.95) and a minimum value of C/j.. The average interparticle clearance distance C for a rhombohedral packing is given by C/d = 0.905/[(1 -&)I ’ I]. Since ati practical packed beds and most of the fluidized beds have a porosity lower than this independent limit. the scattering/absorption will generally lie in the dependent range. This implies that the radiative properties of the bed cannot be predicted from the properties of a single particle by the theory of independent scattering/absorption. Then the continuum approach to the packed bed internal radiation becomes difficult unless the properties are determined either experimentally or from discrete models (Singh and Kaviany [5]). In the dependent range, ray tracing has been successfully used to solve the internal, bed radiative heat transfer (Chen and Tien [6] ; Yang er al. [7]). Singh and Kaviany [5] have extended this approach to include absorbing and emitting as well as transparent and semi-transparent particles. One limitation of this approach is that the spherical particle diameter has to be much larger than the wavelength of radiation, i.e. the particles must lie in the geometric optic range. However, this is generally satisfied in most packed-bed applications. The second limitation has been that the problem was solved by assuming that the solid conductivity is either very large (as compared with radiant conductivity) or is very small. The difference between the predicted values of the radiant conductivity from these two asymptotes can be quite large (as much as fivefold). This latter limitation provides the motivation for the solution of the generalized problem, i.e. the radiative heat transfer through a packed bed of absorbing-emitting-scattering spheres with an arbitrary solid conductivity. For optically thick media, the concept of radiant conductivity (Vortmeyer [I]) k, has been used and through this an exchange factor Fhas been introduced which depends on the particle properties (Tien and Drolen [2]). For opaque particles and for porosites characteristic of packed beds, the use of radiant conductivity is generally valid.
Internet Use and Social Networking Among Middle Aged and Older Adults

In this study, the associations between Internet use and the social networks of adults over 50 years of age were examined. A sample (n = 2284) from the 2004 wave of the Health and Retirement Survey was used. In regression models considering a number of control variables, frequency of contact with friends, frequency of contact with family, and attendance at organizational meetings (not including religious services) were found to have a significant positive association with Internet use for adults over 50. Results add to the body of research that suggests Internet use can strengthen social networks, looking specifically at adults over 50.
Purpose in life and occupational interest in a gerontological sheltered workshop

Measured the concept of purpose-in-life and underlying occupational interests and aspirations of older men (N = 25) and women (N = 29) in a gerontological sheltered workshop. The relationship among the Purpose-in-Life Test, Vocational Preference Inventory, Will-to-Live scale, and demographic information, is explored. Findings, which include that the construct of purpose in life and vocational aspirations are poorly related for workshop participants, are discussed in terms of previous research.
Mechanical Thrombectomy: Basic Principles, Current Devices, and Future Directions

The conceptual basis for mechanical thrombectomy is appealing. It is to develop a miniaturized device that can rapidly and atraumatically restore patency to any thrombosed conduit. Such a device would offer key advantages over surgical thrombectomy or thrombolysis. It would, like most interventional procedures, harness the advantages of surgery in terms of speed of reperfusion, while adding the benefits of a minimally invasive therapy. There have been many attempts to develop this “ideal device” and recently an interest in newer approaches, but the goal eludes us still, probably because thrombosis represents a spectrum of conditions involving a wide variety of vascular beds each of which presents its own unique issues and challenges. As our perspective matures, we will need to assess devices against specific applications, comparing each element of thrombectomy and the demands of the application with the available solutions.
Personality, Strategic Behavior, and Daily-Life Problem Solving

Nonpsychologists and psycholoI gists alike often think of personality as "having" something, such as traits. One can also think of person ality as "doing" something; that is, some aspects of personality can be thought of as organizing and guiding daily behavior.1 Individuals exhibit significant variation in the strivings, tasks, and goals that they see as im portant in their daily lives. These personal goals are derived in part from the tasks that cultural contexts present as important to address at points along the life course, but in dividuals interpret these tasks in line with their own motives and experi ences. For example, establishing in dependence from one's family is a common task following adolescence in many Western cultures. For one person, this task might implicate handling financial matters and housekeeping independently; for another, the task might involve deal ing with the loss of a valued support system; yet another individual may work on developing an identity free of the expectations of parents and siblings.2 We refer to these personal versions of culturally mandated goals as life tasks. These life tasks constitute the "problems" that indi viduals work toward solving in daily life, and our research examines these problem-solving efforts.
Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome with a single septate uterus: a novel anomaly and description of treatment options.

Objective To report a rare Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) anomaly with a septate midline uterus and describe management options. Design Case report. Setting Major academic medical center. Patient(s) Two adolescent patients presented with pelvic pain and primary amenorrhea. Radiographic imaging showed evidence of a bicornuate uterus with two uterine horns, cervical hypoplasia, and absence of the upper vagina. Intervention(s) Owing to pain, both patients planned laparoscopy with bilateral hemihysterectomies, but in each case laparoscopy showed evidence of a single midline uterus. Continuous hormone therapy was used to suppress pain and retrograde menstruation. Main Outcome Measure(s) Uterine preservation and future fertility management. Result(s) Given the fertility potential, the treatment plan was to continue hormone therapy until adulthood, when the young woman could select a treatment option for herself. After 2 years, one patient elected hysterectomy at age 18.5 due to persistent pain, while the other patient continues uterine preservation. Conclusion(s) We present two cases of a rare and uniquely described anomaly of MRKH with a single septate midline uterus. We recommend uterine preservation until the age of 18, at which point the patient may select her treatment option. Novel options include septal resection with subsequent assisted reproductive technology (ART) and cesarean delivery or ART and a gestational carrier.
Changes in quality of life for pregnant women in substance user treatment: developing a quality of life index for the addictions.

Using preference weights from a community sample, items from the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) were converted into a quality of life index (QOLI) and used to compare the cost-effectiveness of five addiction treatment modalities for pregnant women. Methods: Interviews using the time trade-off methodology were conducted with 143 members of Massachusetts local health planning boards to determine preference weights for different health states resulting from active addiction. A multi-attribute utility formula was used to convert these seven preference weighted scores into a single QOLI. To apply the QOLI, these preference weights were combined with the number of problem days reported in each ASI domain by a sample of 439 pregnant women in MA in five treatment modalities, 1992–1996. Results: Starting at 10 years with an addiction problem, board members indicated that they would give up between 0.83 and 3.96 years to avoid the problems in one domain caused by addiction. The average QOLI was 0.68 at intake but i...
Influence of the d orbital occupation on the nature and strength of copper cation–π interactions: threshold collision-induced dissociation and theoretical studies

Threshold collision-induced dissociation techniques are employed to determine the bond dissociation energies of a wide variety of copper cation–π complexes, Cu+(π-ligand), where π-ligand = benzene, flurobenzene, chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, iodobenzene, phenol, toluene, anisole, pyrrole, N-methylpyrrole, indole, naphthalene, aniline, N-methylaniline, and N,N-dimethylaniline. The primary and lowest energy dissociation pathway corresponds to the endothermic loss of the intact neutral π-ligand for all complexes except those to N-methylpyrrole, indole, aniline, N-methylaniline, and N,N-dimethylaniline. In the latter complexes, the primary dissociation pathway corresponds to loss of the intact ligand accompanied by charge transfer, thereby producing a neutral copper atom and ionized π-ligand. Fragmentation of the π-ligands is also observed at elevated energies in several cases. Theoretical calculations at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level of theory are used to determine the structures, vibrational frequencies, and rotational constants of these complexes. Multiple low-energy conformers are found for all of the copper cation–π complexes. Theoretical bond dissociation energies are determined from single point energy calculations at the B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p) level of theory using the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) optimized geometries. The agreement between theory and experiment is very good for most complexes. The nature and strength of the binding in these copper cation–π complexes are studied and compared with the corresponding cation–π complexes to Na+. Natural bond orbital analyses are carried out to examine the influence of the d orbital occupation on copper cation–π interactions.
Through-wall imaging and characterization of human activity using ultrawideband (UWB) random noise radar

Recent terrorist activities and law-enforcement situations involving hostage situations underscore the need for effective through-wall imaging. Current building interior imaging systems are based on short-pulse waveforms, which require specially designed antennas to subdue unwanted ringing. In addition, periodically transmitted pulses of energy are easily recognizable by the intelligent adversary who may employ appropriate countermeasures to confound detection. A coherent polarimetric random noise radar architecture is being developed based on UWB technology and software defined radio, which has great promise in its ability to covertly image obscured targets. The main advantages of the random noise radar lie in two aspects: first, random noise waveform has an ideal “thumbtack” ambiguity function, i.e., its down range and cross range resolution can be separately controlled, thus providing unambiguous high resolution imaging at any distance; second, random noise waveform is inherently low probability of intercept (LPI) and low probability of detection (LPD), i.e., it is immune from detection, jamming, and interference. Thus, it is an ideal candidate sensor for covert imaging of obscured regions in hostile environments. The coherency in the system can be exploited to field a fully-polarimetric system that can take advantage of polarization features in target recognition. Moving personnel can also be detected using Doppler processing. Simulation studies are used to analyze backscattered signals from the walls, and humans and other targets behind the walls. Real-time data processing shows human activity behind the wall and human target tracking. The high resolution provides excellent multipath and clutter rejection.
The termination shock: Physical processes

A brief overview of the physics thought to determine the properties of the heliospheric termination shock is given and the central role of hot interstellar pick-up ions and cosmic rays is emphasized.
Pulmonary Embolism: Still a Diagnostic Quandary

Objectives: The objective was to review the progress made in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism over the past decade and the future direction of diagnostic modalities. Methods: Research studies, review articles and scientific meeting abstracts published were reviewed. Results: Significant progress has been made in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Strategies have been developed to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic tools. Conclusion: With the advances of the technology and better understanding of patho-physiology, offer the hope of improving the medical management of common and potentially life threatening condition like pulmonary embolism. Key words: Pulmonary embolism; diagnostic modalities; progress DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v7i1.8625 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 7, No 1 (June) 2011; 34-40
Bridging Positive Youth Development and Mental Health Services for Youth with Serious Behavior Problems

Youth development approaches have grown in popularity, yet the appropriateness of these strategies for adolescents with serious behavior problems has rarely been addressed. Life-course research examining the onset and developmental course of problem behaviors suggests that youth with different patterns of behavior problems may not equally benefit from youth development interventions. This paper reviews contemporary perspectives on the positive youth development approach in light of multidisciplinary life-course research regarding the development of disruptive behavior problems. The wraparound case-management model is described as a potential framework for applying this research to support youth with serious behavior problems.
Domesticating the Barbarous Tongue: Language Policy for the Navajo in Historical Perspective.

RESUMENLa domestication de la lengua barbara:La politica linguistica para los navajos en perspectiva historicaLa politica linguistica actual para los navajos, el grupo mas numeroso de indigenas en los Estados Unidos, se comprende mejor en vista de casi cuatrocientos anos de intentos de suprimir sus idiomas. Desde los espanoles en el siglo diecisiete hasta los estadounidenses a partir del siglo diecinueve, esta represion se racionalizaba a base de una ideologia religiosa. Actualmente, la politica linguistica se basa en doctrinas de education compensatoria, pero se efectua una represion, tal vez, aun mas fuerte. En este articulo, se esboza una politica alternativa, basada en una perspectiva linguistica no preceptiva y en una filosofia educativa progresista.RESUMOMalsovaĝigo de la barbara ĵargono:Lingva politiko por la navahoj laŭ historia perspektivoNuntempa lingva politiko por la navahoj, la plej granda grupo de indiĝenaj amerikanoj en Usono, estas plej bone komprenata en la kunteksto de preskaŭ kvarcentjara historio de klopodoj subpremi lingvajn speciojn kulture indiĝenajn. Ekde la hispanoj de la 17-a jarcento kaj longe dum la unua jarcento de kontakto kun anglalingvaj amerikanoj, la raciigo de tiu subpremo fokusiĝis je religia ideologio. Lastatempa tia raciigo radikas en doktrinoj de kompensa edukado, sed la subpremo eble estas eĉ pli totala. Altemativaj politikoj kaj praktikoj, kies radikoj troviĝas en nepreskriba interpreto de lingva variado kaj progresema eduka filozofio, estas ĉi tie resumitaj.
Bug catcher: a system for software testing competitions

Bug Catcher is a web-based system for running software testing competitions. While programming competitions are a way to engage students, they require students to have coding experience. On the other hand, software testing competitions may reach high school students that do not have access to a programming course. In this paper, we present the Bug Catcher system and the results from four sessions of a competition that include a total of 94 high school students. Bug Catcher provides students with requirements, buggy code, and input fields to enter test cases. We observed that most students began entering test cases based on requirements, but then many took an interest in the code as time went on. Our results show that 90% of students would recommend this activity in the future and 72% of students report that the activity increased their interest in Computer Science. Students also provided feedback on the system from the perspective of students without background in Computer Science, allowing us to create and modify features for future use.
Under the influence: An examination of men's fears of women leaders

Although the number of women leaders in organizations has increased, devaluation of women leaders by men is a persistent problem. The roots of this devaluation are typically discussed in terms of stereotypes and social hierarchy. In this article, I attempt to augment our understanding of this phenomenon by suggesting a psychological explanation, one that posits men's underlying fear of women as a source of devaluation. I draw from studies of men in psychotherapy and research on femiphobia (Kierski & Blazina, 2009) to flesh out the picture of how fears of the feminine still seem to affect men today. I then offer the psychological defense of devaluing and mistrusting those we fear as a tool for understanding male attitudes toward women leaders. Last, I review research on changing men's attitudes and offer a perspective on the modern workplace that integrates the social and psychological perspectives.
Imitator‐to‐innovator S curve and chasms

Over the past 20 years, some latecomer firms in Korea and China have successfully transformed themselves from imitators into innovators. In this article, we focus on the imitator-to-innovator transformation process. We try to answer the following questions: What are the evolutionary paths and mechanisms? What may be the challenges in the transformation process? In this article, we suggest the technological capability building in latecomer firms can be characterized by successive S curves. And we use a five-phase model and dynamic S curve to analyze their transformation from imitator to innovator. We also discuss the four chasms in the transformation and identify the challenges and three-level factors facilitating chasm crossings. This article makes two contributions: proposing a new framework for and introducing the S curve and chasm into studying the latecomer firms' development, and elaborating key challenges in and major differences among the four chasms in the imitator-to-innovator transformation, which have been neglected in the literature. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oxygen K-edge XANES of crystalline and amorphous ice

Abstract The oxygen K-edge absorption spectra of crystalline ice Ic and amorphous ice have been measured using monochromatized synchrotron radiation. The differences in the local structure between the crystalline and amorphous phases are clearly reflected in their near edge features. For ice Ic, a surprisingly good correlation was found between the interatomic OH and OO distances with the positions of the post edge absorption peaks employing the multiple scattering model of Bianconi and Natoli. This finding suggests that the scattering from the hydrogen atom may be stronger than previously anticipated. The profiles of the absorption spectra are very similar to that observed in the analogous trigonal and amorphous phases of GeO 2 .
Asymmetric nonlinear transmission spectra of Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot laser amplifiers

We investigate the nonlinear asymmetric transmission spectra of a semiconductor quantum-well Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot amplifier and present a method of extracting material parameters. Under large optical injection power, the transmission spectra are suppressed and become asymmetric. By measuring spectra at multiple wavelengths, the effect of the linewidth enhancement factor on the asymmetry is demonstrated. Through analysis of these spectra, we show that the linewidth enhancement factor can be extracted without knowledge of the injected power. Additionally, the saturation power of the amplifier can be found through curve fitting. The results are compared with those obtained from amplified spontaneous emission spectroscopy, showing close agreement. We also demonstrate that the nonlinear transmission spectra can be accurately modeled using a self-consistent approach.
Structures of two glycyl-tRNAs from Staphylococcus epidermidis.

S. EPIDERMIDIS contains an unusual species of glycyl-tRNA (tRNAGlyI) which does not function in protein synthesis but which is able to participate in peptidoglycan synthesis1. During sequence analysis it became apparent that the original material contained two distinct iso-accepting species (tRNAGlyIA and tRNAGlyIB) differing by six base changes and the presence of one additional base in the dihydrouridine loop of tRNAGlyIB. Using the techniques developed by Sanger et al.2–5 the complete sequences of both species have been determined and provide an interesting comparison with published6 tRNA structures. A complete account of the sequence analysis will be published elsewhere.
Diblock copolymers with amorphous atactic polyferrocenylsilane blocks : Synthesis, characterization, and self-assembly of polystyrene -block -poly (ferrocenylethylmethylsilane) in the bulk state

Living anionic ring-opening (ROP) polymerization of ethylmethylsila[1]ferrocenophane yields atactic poly(ferrocenylethylmethylsilane) (PFEMS) homopolymers with controlled molecular weights (Mn = 40...
Palestinian Children Crafting National Identity.

This study examines the formulation of national identity in Palestinian children by exploring their understanding of its paradoxes. Twelve Palestinian children were interviewed from cities, village...
Neurotensin in diabetes and obesity

Basal and postprandial concentrations of immunoreactive neurotensin were measured in insulin dependent diabetic patients and lean and obese noninsulin dependent diabetic patients when partially withdrawn from subcutaneous (s.c.) insulin treatment and again when near normoglycemia had been achieved from insulin infusion by an artificial endocrine pancreas (AEP). Neither basal nor postprandial neurotensin differed among the 3 groups of diabetic patients during s.c. insulin treatment nor from weight matched nondiabetic subjects. In addition, AEP resulted in no significant change in postprandial neurotensin responses. No differences in neurotensin levels were observed between lean and obese nondiabetic subjects. In contrast to observations in experimental diabetes, these observations do not support the presence of an abnormality of neurotensin in human diabetes.
The Relationship between Health and Fitness Magazine Reading and Eating-Disordered Weight-Loss Methods among High School Girls

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between reading women's health and fitness magazines and the use of eating-disordered diet methods (laxatives, appetite suppressants/diet pills, intentional vomiting, and restricting calories to 1,200 a day or less) among a group of 498 adolescent girls at two western U.S. high schools. The authors found moderate to strong positive associations between reading frequency and the use of these unhealthy weight-control practices, which are often the first steps toward the development of eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. Frequent readers also scored significantly higher on the Mizes Anorectic Cognitions Scale, which measures the presence of eating-disordered cognitions, than moderate or infrequent readers.
The principal and the reading program

Abstract This study examines the extent to which elementary school principals perceive themselves as performing specific reading supervision or administration behaviors connected with teachers, students, policy, or the community. Further, it asks whether elementary principals perceive a difference between their actual involvement in these behaviors and their ideal standard of performance? The five categorical areas investigated in the study include the following principals’ behaviors: (1) working with teachers, (2) working with students, (3) creating a building atmosphere, (4) providing policy leadership, and (5) building community support. Principals were found to perceive themselves as frequently performing all of these tasks. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations made for further research.
Geological and ecological perspectives on the Middle Pleistocene

Abstract This paper evaluates the geological and paleoecological implications of a Wenner-Gren symposium Stratigraphy and Patterns of Cultural Change in the Middle Pleistocene . The deep-sea, glacial-eustatic, loess, alluvial, and palynological records suggest between six and eight cold-warm cycles since the Brunhes-Matuyama magnetic reversal of 700,000 BP. Till and outwash stratigraphies are inadequate to provide a valid nomenclature for the numerous glacials preceding the Wurm. Since at least five of the glacials since 700,000 BP were sufficiently severe to produce permafrost in midlatitude Europe, the “glacial Pleistocene” begins with the Brunhes-Matuyama. Although earlier cold-warm cycles extend well back into the early Pleistocene, with extensive glaciation and repeated floral decimations in higher latitudes, the first record of permafrost in the Rhine Basin 700,000 BP argues that major climatic oscillations of the Brunhes epoch were of glacial-interglacial amplitude. It is therefore recommended that a Lower-Middle Pleistocene boundary be linked to the practicable and universally applicable chronometric horizon provided by the Brunhes-Matuyama reversal, while the Middle-Upper Pleistocene limit can continue to be drawn at the base of the last, Eemian Interglacial (130,000 BP). The tropical African record presently contributes little to general understanding of the Middle Pleistocene, while the climatic cycles of higher latitudes are of limited value in analyzing mid-Pleistocene records of the tropical continents. Problems of stratigraphic control and environmental contexts for archeological sites are discussed.
Discrete classification approach to land cover and land use change identification based on Landsat image time sequences

Dense multi-temporal stacks of Landsat imagery have most commonly been exploited to identify land cover and land use changes (LCLUC) based on detection of abrupt changes in continuous value spectral indices. In this study, a discrete classification approach to LCLUC identification based on stable training sites is tested on a nine-date, 4-year Landsat-7 ETM + time sequence for a study area in Ghana that is prone to cloud cover. Change to Built cover, as an indication of urban expansion, was identified for over 70% of testing units when a spatial-temporal majority filter that ignored No Data values from clouds, cloud shadows and sensor effects was applied. More important, relatively stable LCLU maps were generated and No Data effects should not limit the potential of the approach for longer-term retrospective analyses or monitoring of LCLUC in cloud-prone regions.
Crystal structure determination and reaction pathway of amide–hydride mixtures

Abstract Combined synchrotron in situ X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction studies were performed on 2:1 mixtures of lithium amide and magnesium hydride, which have shown promise as solid-state hydrogen storage materials. The dehydrogenated product is a mixed lithium and magnesium imide, Li2Mg(NH)2, whose crystal structure has not heretofore been determined. Furthermore, at elevated temperatures, Li2Mg(NH)2 undergoes two structural transitions from an orthorhombic structure to a primitive cubic structure at intermediate temperature (350 °C) followed by a face-centered cubic crystal structure at high temperature (500 °C). Disordering of the Li, Mg and cation vacancies as a function of temperature drives the structural transitions. We report the reaction pathway from in situ X-ray diffraction studies and the crystal structures of the three structural variants of Li2Mg(NH)2 as determined by high-resolution X-ray and neutron powder diffraction. We also report the hydrogen storage reaction pathways for mixtures with other cation ratios.
Existence of positive entire solutions of elliptic hamiltonian systems

(1998). Existence of positive entire solutions of elliptic hamiltonian systems. Communications in Partial Differential Equations: Vol. 23, No. 3-4, pp. 375-398.
Community attributes along a perturbation gradient in a shortgrass steppe

. We constructed a perturbation (response) gradient that encompassed several types of disturbances (causes) affecting shortgrass steppe communities, and that was confounded by time scales of initiation and duration. The objectives were to (1) examine the type of disturbance and the relative magnitude of response in relation to the history of the shortgrass steppe, and (2) determine which attributes of the plant communities displayed relationships across the perturbation gradient, rather than across traditional successional - time gradients. Comparisons of disturbance types indicated that long-term heavy grazing by cattle resulted in plant communities which differ less from communities resulting from other disturbances than did long-term ungrazed sites. The removal of grazers from this system promoted attributes of earlier serai stages. Water addition, below-ground grazing by white grubs, and water-plus-nitrogen enrichment had distinct and large impacts on community composition. Nitrogen enrichment resulted in additions but not losses of species. The shortgrass steppe has a high degree of adaptation to both short-term drought and aboveground grazing. Belowground grazing and semi-aridity may be considered antagonistic pressures on the community. Community attributes that displayed a relationship with increasing level of perturbation were decreasing dominance and increasing diversity, and fluctuation in species composition during short-term wet/dry cycles. The level of perturbation was related to negative impacts on the two primary species and a corresponding increase of other warm-season species, but was not related to densities of any other species, life-form, or functional group.
Joint effect of hostility and severity of depressive symptoms on plasma interleukin-6 concentration.

Objective:Although interleukin (IL)-6 plays a significant role in cardiovascular disease, little is known about its relation to psychological risk factors, such as hostility and severity of depressive symptoms. The current study examined the joint effects of severity of depressive symptoms and hosti
ALTERATIONS OF THYROID FUNCTION IN SEVERE HEART DISEASE, AS MEASURED BY I131 TECHNIQUES

ABSTRACT A study of 18 patients with severe heart disease following administration of an I131 tracer showed the following alterations in thyroid function compared with euthyroid controls. 1) a decrease in the 24-hour and 72-hour plasma levels of PBI131, 2) a decrease in the 24-hour conversion ratio, and 3) a pronounced increase in salivary I131 activity at twenty-four hours. The thyroidal uptake of I131 remained the same as in euthyroid subjects. Data on hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients are listed for comparison.
Single-Scan Simultaneous Measurement of NMR Spin-Lattice and Spin-Spin Relaxation Times

An NMR method for measuring both T1 and T2 in a single rapid experiment is described. The technique is applicable to many single-peak and two-peak systems, provided that the spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation processes are monoexponential in nature. The RF pulse sequence consists of a train of 90° pulses applied with a resonance offset Δƒ and a pulse repetition time τ chosen so that τΔƒ = 12. The transverse magnetization is sampled once after each pulse. The resulting time-domain signal can be parameterized by the initial average dc offset A0, the final offset Af, and the exponential decay time constant of the offset, Tr. The relaxation times are determined from T1 = A0Tr/Af and T2 = A0Tr/(2A0 − Af). An inversion pulse can be applied just prior to the pulse train to increase the dynamic range of the experiment and to allow measurements when T1 ≅ T2. Relaxation times measured by applying this technique to several one-and two-peak systems are in good agreement with the results obtained from conventional relaxation-time measurement methods.
Postural control: visual and cognitive manipulations

Numerous questions exist regarding the utilization of sensory information for postural control. Past research has established the possibility that cognitive tasks requiring visual perception may affect the processing of visual information used for postural control. The purpose of this study was two fold: (1) to investigate the effects of varying demands of visual perception and (2) to evaluate the effects of performing a cognitive task on postural control in healthy, young adults (N=30). Three posture-related dependent variables were recorded during the manipulation of two independent variables (eye movement and modality of presentation of a cognitive task). The two levels of eye movement were movement and no movement, while the three levels of modality of presentation were visual, auditory, and none. A 2x3 repeated measures ANOVA was applied to the data to investigate the presence of group differences. Significantly more variability was observed in the no cognitive condition than the visual and the auditory for medial-lateral (M--L) COP variability. Additionally, the eye movement condition revealed significantly greater M--L COP variability than the no eye movement condition. No differences were observed between the visual and auditory conditions for any dependent variable. Therefore, the greatest COP variability was observed in the eye movement and no cognitive condition. Further, an interesting relationship between the measures of COP variability and sway velocity was described.