cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recalibrating valence weighting biases to promote changes in rejection sensitivity and risk-taking

Abstract Past research has found that modifying individuals' valence weighting tendencies by recalibrating them to weight positive and negative valence in a more balanced manner influenced a variety of judgments. The current research examines the utility of the recalibration procedure as a targeted intervention. In Experiment 1, we recruited participants high in rejection sensitivity (who are known to exhibit a negative weighting bias) and in Experiment 2, we recruited participants with high risk tendencies (who are known to exhibit a positive weighting bias). In both experiments, participants first played BeanFest, in which they were presented with beans varying in shape and speckles and learned which increased or decreased points. They later classified the game beans, as well as novel ones varying in their resemblance to the known positives or known negatives, as good or bad. In the recalibration condition, participants were told if they classified each bean correctly, thus receiving feedback regarding the appropriate weighting of resemblance to a known positive versus a negative. The controls, who received no feedback, were less accurate at classifying the novel the beans than the recalibration participants. Furthermore, in Experiment 1, the recalibration condition subsequently exhibited lower sensitivity to rejection than the control condition, with this reduction being stronger for individuals initially higher in rejection sensitivity. This effect was still present a week later. In Experiment 2, the recalibration condition reported diminished risk-tendencies, again with this effect being stronger for individuals with initially higher riskiness, and persisting for a week. Even more importantly, recalibration participants also engaged in less risky behavior on a laboratory task.
SUSY’s Ladder: reframing sequestering at Large Volume

Theories with approximate no-scale structure, such as the Large Volume Scenario, have a distinctive hierarchy of multiple mass scales in between TeV gaugino masses and the Planck scale, which we call SUSY’s Ladder. This is a particular realization of Split Supersymmetry in which the same small parameter suppresses gaugino masses relative to scalar soft masses, scalar soft masses relative to the gravitino mass, and the UV cutoff or string scale relative to the Planck scale. This scenario has many phenomenologically interesting properties, and can avoid dangers including the gravitino problem, flavor problems, and the moduli-induced LSP problem that plague other supersymmetric theories. We study SUSY’s Ladder using a superspace formalism that makes the mysterious cancelations in previous computations manifest. This opens the possibility of a consistent effective field theory understanding of the phenomenology of these scenarios, based on power-counting in the small ratio of string to Planck scales. We also show that four-dimensional theories with approximate no-scale structure enforced by a single volume modulus arise only from two special higher-dimensional theories: five-dimensional supergravity and ten-dimensional type IIB supergravity. This gives a phenomenological argument in favor of ten dimensional ultraviolet physics which is different from standard arguments based on the consistency of superstring theory.
Impactful Times: Memories of 60 Years of Shock Wave Research at Sandia National Laboratories

The origin of Sandia National Laboratories began in World War II and the Manhattan Project. The engineering workforce at that time conducted ordnance design, testing, and assembly of nuclear weapons. In the early 1950s the need to understand material properties prompted a research program modeled after AT&T Bell Laboratories on the response of materials to shock compression. That decision was instrumental in developing a wide range of experimental, diagnostic, material modeling, and computational capabilities.
IRS1 deficiency protects β-cells against ER stress-induced apoptosis by modulating sXBP-1 stability and protein translation

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is among several pathological features that underlie β-cell failure in the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Adaptor proteins in the insulin/insulin-like-growth factor-1 signaling pathways, such as insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) and IRS2, differentially impact β-cell survival but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that β-cells deficient in IRS1 (IRS1KO) are resistant, while IRS2 deficiency (IRS2KO) makes them susceptible to ER stress-mediated apoptosis. IRS1KOs exhibited low nuclear accumulation of spliced XBP-1 due to its poor stability, in contrast to elevated accumulation in IRS2KO. The reduced nuclear accumulation in IRS1KO was due to protein instability of Xbp1 secondary to proteasomal degradation. IRS1KO also demonstrated an attenuation in their general translation status in response to ER stress revealed by polyribosomal profiling. Phosphorylation of eEF2 was dramatically increased in IRS1KO enabling the β-cells to adapt to ER stress by blocking translation. Furthermore, significantly high ER calcium (Ca2+) was detected in IRS1KO β-cells even upon induction of ER stress. These observations suggest that IRS1 could be a therapeutic target for β-cell protection against ER stress-mediated cell death by modulating XBP-1 stability, protein synthesis, and Ca2+ storage in the ER.
Efavirenz Inhibits the Human Ether-A-Go-Go Related Current (hERG) and Induces QT Interval Prolongation in CYP2B6*6*6 Allele Carriers.

BACKGROUND Efavirenz (EFV) has been associated with torsade de pointes despite marginal QT interval lengthening. Since EFV is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6 enzyme, we hypothesized that EFV would lengthen the rate-corrected QT (QTcF) interval in carriers of the CYP2B6*6 decreased functional allele. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to evaluate EFV-associated QT interval changes with regard to CYP2B6 genotype and to explore mechanisms of QT interval lengthening. METHODS EFV was administered to healthy volunteers (n = 57) as a single 600 mg dose followed by multiple doses to steady-state. Subjects were genotyped for known CYP2B6 alleles and ECGs and EFV plasma concentrations were obtained serially. Whole-cell, voltage-clamp experiments were performed on cells stably expressing hERG and exposed to EFV in the presence and absence of CYP2B6 expression. RESULTS EFV demonstrated a gene-dose effect and exceeded the FDA criteria for QTcF interval prolongation in CYP2B6*6/*6 carriers. The largest mean time-matched differences ∆∆QTcF were observed at 6 hours (14 milliseconds; 95% CI [1; 27]), 12 hours (18 milliseconds; 95% CI [-4; 40]), and 18 hours (6 milliseconds; 95% CI [-1; 14]) in the CYP2B6*6/*6 genotype. EFV concentrations exceeding 0.4 μg/mL significantly inhibited outward hERG tail currents (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that homozygous carriers of CYP2B6*6 allele may be at increased risk for EFV-induced QTcF interval prolongation via inhibition of hERG.
Performance evaluation of k-ary Data Vortex networks with bufferless and buffered routing nodes

This paper studies generalized k-ary Data Vortex networks both with and without node buffering. The comparison study focuses on effects of buffering in 4-ary networks and in original binary networks. The results show that with buffers the 4-ary networks gain more performance benefit than that in the binary networks. This is due to significantly reduced traffic backpressure that is present in 4-ary networks in bufferless operations. Detailed comparisons between 4-ary and binary networks with two different buffering schemes are presented. The routing performance in throughput and latency are studied for different network and load conditions. For practical implementation, additional cost due to buffering should be justified for the desirable performance enhancement.
Port Structures in Long Beach Harbor

Rapid growth of Port of Long Beach, Calif, is guided by long range master plan; purpose of plan is to provide efficient and self sustaining port which will meet present and future needs of surrounding area; basic planning and design criteria for port structures.
Entry and Market Structure

The dynamics of entry behavior and its impact depend very critically on the type of market structure. If an industry has a large number of competitors and the market is competitive the Walrasian model of entry behavior provides an adequate approximation of the market evolution. However, if the number of firms is small and the market is oligopolistic, the entry behavior follows the strategies of a two-stage or multistage game between the incumbents and the potential entrants. There exist other types of market structures where the dynamics of entry behavior depend on the diffusion of a new technical innovation or a new product. Also in international markets entry occurs through joint ventures.
Deterministic Public-Key Encryption Under Continual Leakage

Deterministic public-key encryption, introduced by Bellare, Boldyreva, and O’Neill (CRYPTO 2007), is an important technique for searchable encryption; it allows quick, logarithmic-time, search over encrypted data items. The technique is most effective in scenarios where frequent search queries are performed over a huge database of unpredictable data items. We initiate the study of deterministic public-key encryption (D-PKE) in the presence of leakage. We formulate appropriate security notions for leakage-resilient D-PKE, and present constructions that achieve them in the standard model. We work in the continual leakage model, where the secret-key is updated at regular intervals and an attacker can learn arbitrary but bounded leakage on the secret key during each time interval. We, however, do not consider leakage during the updates. Our main construction is based on the (standard) linear assumption in bilinear groups, tolerating up to \(0.5-o(1)\) fraction of arbitrary leakage. The leakage rate can be improved to \(1-o(1)\) by relying on the SXDH assumption.
THE INCIDENCE OF POST-OPERATIVE INFECTION FOLLOWING ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY IN CHILDREN

The purpose of the study was to investigate the incidence of surgical site infection following elective paediatric orthopaedic surgery. A pro forma adopted from a pilot study was filled out preoperatively for each elective operation performed during the study period. Each patient was then followed up for six weeks postoperatively to record any SSI that developed. Data collected included patient demographics, type of operation, grade of Surgeon, type of procedure, wound length, skin preparations, use of tourniquet, any antibiotic prophylaxis and length of operation. This study collated data on 334 operations with 410 procedural sites over a six month period. Infection were recorded in 19 sites equivalent to a SSI rate of 4.63%. None of the patients developed long-term complications. The mean age of the participants in the study was 11 years (range 0.5 to 17 years), 57% were males and 43% were females. The infection were detected between 1 and 38 days after surgery. The outcome was not compromised in any of the patients as none of them required long-term treatment. Statistical analysis was undertaken. The study proves that the surgical site infection after elective paediatric orthopaedic surgery is low and serve as a bases for consenting patients for surgery.
On the relationship between atmospheric rivers and high sea water levels along the U.S. West Coast

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are narrow filaments of high moisture transported within extra-tropical systems. The role of ARs as drivers of heavy precipitation and flooding has been well documented; however, little is known about the contribution of landfalling ARs to high sea water levels, which are the leading cause of coastal flooding. Here we assess the relationship between ARs and extreme hourly sea level time series at 15 tide gauges along the continental U.S. Pacific Coast. Results indicate that ARs are associated with 15% to 50% of the annual sea level maxima before (and 22% to 65% after) removing tidal oscillations. Strong associations are also found when using other high sea level metrics. From a climatic perspective, the frequency of extreme hourly sea levels tends to increase during the negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation and during the positive phases of the Pacific-North American pattern and the El Nino–Southern Oscillation.
Synthesis of a Ferrolite: A Zeolitic All‐Iron Framework

Crystals of the first sodalite-type zeolite containing an all-iron framework, a ferrolite, Ba8(Fe12O24)Nay(OH)6⋅x H2O, were synthesized using the hydroflux method in nearly quantitative yield. Ba8(Fe12O24)Nay(OH)6⋅x H2O crystallizes in the cubic space group Pm3‾m with a=10.0476(1) A. Slightly distorted FeO4 tetrahedra are linked to form Fe4O4 and Fe6O6 rings, which in turn yield channels and internal cavities that are characteristic of the sodalite structure. Barium, sodium, and hydroxide ions and water molecules are found in the channels and provide charge balance. Magnetic measurements indicate that the ferrolite exhibits magnetic order up to at least 700 K, with the field-cooled and zero-field-cooled curves diverging. Analysis of the 57Fe Mossbauer spectra revealed two spectral components that have equal spectral areas, indicating the presence of two subsets of iron centers in the structure. Dehydrated versions of the ferrolite were also prepared by heating the sample.
Dexmedetomidine does not interfere with meta‐iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) uptake at clinically relevant concentrations

Background Neuroblastoma is a pediatric malignancy, and most tumor cells express the norepinephrine transporter (NET) enabling uptake of NET ligands. Meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is a NET-specific ligand used as a highly specific imaging agent and targeted radiotherapeutic. Patients with neuroblastoma frequently require sedation during targeted radiotherapy. Dexmedetomidine has been increasingly used to achieve efficacious sedation. There are theoretical concerns that this highly selective alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist may interfere with active uptake of MIBG through the NET transporter. In this study, we analyzed the impact of [125-iodine]-labeled MIBG ([125 I]MIBG) uptake in the presence of dexmedetomidine in human neuroblastoma-derived cellular models. Procedure Carrier-free [125 I]MIBG was synthesized using UltraTrace® resin (Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY) through radioiododestannylation from a tin precursor bound by a solid-state polymer. NET (SLC6A2) protein expression was determined in human neuroblastoma cell lines (BE2C, SKNSH and IMR5). [125 I]MIBG internalization studies were performed using [125 I]MIBG alone or in combination with either desipramine or dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine and desipramine competitive inhibition studies were performed and concentration at 50% maximal inhibition was calculated. Finally, NET inhibitor dissociation studies were performed in which after pre-incubation with either desipramine or dexmedetomidine, cells were washed and [125 I]MIBG was added. Results We show dose-dependent inhibition of [125 I]MIBG uptake by dexmedetomidine, but at several logs lower potency than the known NET inhibitor desipramine. A review of pediatric dexmedetomidine pharmacokinetic data shows that the concentrations achieved in the serum are much lower than those required to block MIBG uptake. Conclusion We conclude that dexmedetomidine will not interfere with therapeutic [131 I]MIBG efficacy.
Electronics lab instructors’ approaches to troubleshooting instruction

Most instructors think that troubleshooting is an important for students to learn in an electronics lab course, but only about half directly assess students' ability to troubleshoot.
Dynamics of interest and inflation rates

Abstract This paper proposes that there is a dynamic relationship between interest and inflation rates that are jointly determined due to the dual existence of Fisher and Wicksell processes. The Fisher process is the positive relationship between inflation and interest rates wherein causality runs from inflation to interest rates. By contrast, the Wicksell process is the negative relationship between the two rates with causality from interest to inflation rates. While Fisher and Wicksell theories are ex ante relationships, empirical tests employ ex post interest and inflation rate series after the full realization of both Fisher and Wicksell effects. This ex post estimation procedure has led to less than unity Fisher coefficients, known as the Fisher puzzle. We derive linkages between ex ante and ex post coefficients in the Fisher and Wicksell equations and propose methods for recovering ex ante coefficients from ex post estimated relationships. Application of these methods to U.S. data and several other advanced economies supports both Fisher and Wicksell theories of interest and inflation rates and helps to explain the Fisher puzzle.
Using social support levels to predict sexual identity development among college students who identify as a sexual minority

ABSTRACTThis study examined the impact of five domains of social support (a campus group for individuals who identify as a sexual minority, family, friends, significant others, and faith communities) on eight aspects of sexual minority identity development (identity uncertainty, internalized homonegativity, identity affirmation, acceptance concerns, identity superiority, concealment motivation, identity centrality, and difficulty in the identity development process). Support from a sexuality-specific campus group was the strongest predictor, followed by support from family members. Supports from friends and significant others had no significant impact on any aspect of sexual minority identity development, while faith community support was not correlated with identity development. Identifying as lesbian, bisexual, or as another sexual minority compared to identifying as gay also impacted sexual minority identity development.
Asymmetric reactions employing 1,3-dipoles

The preparation of heterocyclic compounds using 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition chemistry is now well recognized in the fields of organic synthesis, drug discovery efforts, polymer chemistry, and materials science. As highlighted in this review, a growing area of interest in organic synthesis involves the enantioselectivity aspects of dipolar cycloaddition chemistry for the preparation of many different classes of natural products. Asymmetric synthesis of natural products using chiral substrates has been elegantly accomplished over the past decade using an assortment of dipole intermediates and represents the focus of this review article.
Sonography of Brain Tumors in Infants

Cranial sonograms of six children with brain tumors (one newborn, four infants, and one 4-year-old child) are presented. In four, sonography showed a large tumor mass and displacement of adjacent structures. In two, the tumors were demonstrated as areas of abnormal brain parenchymal echogenicity without obvious mass effect. Two of the tumors were diffusely echogenic, one was primarily cystic, and three were of mixed echogenicity. Areas of cystic degeneration and calcification within the tumors were well demonstrated. Correlation was made with cranial computed tomography (CT) in all patients; in each case sonography accurately demonstrated the location and extent of the tumor. Since sonography is used as a screening procedure in infants with a large head or an abnormal neurologic examination, sonography may be the first examination to demonstrate the tumor mass. However, since the sonographic features are not specific for neoplasms, further clarification of the process by CT should be recommended.
Simultaneous multiple well-seismic ties using flattened synthetic and real seismograms

ABSTRACTWell-seismic ties allow rock properties measured at well locations to be compared with seismic data and are therefore useful for seismic interpretation. Numerous methods have been proposed to compute well-seismic ties by correlating real seismograms with synthetic seismograms computed from velocity and density logs. However, most methods tie multiple wells to seismic data one by one; hence, they do not guarantee lateral consistency among multiple well ties. We therefore propose a method to simultaneously tie multiple wells to seismic data. In this method, we first flatten synthetic and corresponding real seismograms so that all seismic reflectors are horizontally aligned. By doing this, we turn multiple well-seismic tying into a 1D correlation problem. We then compute only vertically variant but laterally constant shifts to correlate these horizontally aligned (flattened) synthetic and real seismograms. This two-step correlation method maintains lateral consistency among multiple well ties by comp...
Unfunded Mandates and Fiscal Structure: Empirical Evidence from a Synthetic Control Model

An unfunded expenditure mandate occurs when governments are required to provide a good or service by a higher level of government without an accompanying revenue source. There are no empirical studies providing causal evidence on the fiscal influence of intergovernmental mandates. This article examines Florida's 1990 constitutional Amendment 3, which sought to limit unfunded state mandates on municipal and county governments. The synthetic control method, an empirical technique for drawing causal inferences from case studies, estimates the effect of Amendment 3 on state expenditures and total transfers to local governments. The results indicate that state expenditures increased by an annual average of 9.5 percent, while state transfers to all local governments were unaffected. However, the municipalities protected by Amendment 3 saw intergovernmental revenue from the state decrease by 10 percent annually, which suggests that remaining mandates likely targeted special districts, encouraging the fragmentation of local public service delivery.
Eldan's Stochastic Localization and the KLS Hyperplane Conjecture: An Improved Lower Bound for Expansion

We show that the KLS constant for n-dimensional isotropic logconcavemeasures is O(n^{1/4}), improving on the current best bound ofO(n^{1/3}&#x221A;{\log n}). As corollaries we obtain the same improvedbound on the thin-shell estimate, Poincar\e constant and Lipschitzconcentration constant and an alternative proof of this bound forthe isotropic constant; it also follows that the ball walk for samplingfrom an isotropic logconcave density in \R^{n} converges in O^{*}(n^{2.5})steps from a warm start.
Dynamic polarization of 19F in a fluorinated alcohol

Abstract We studied microwave dynamic cooling of 19F and 1H nuclei in mixtures of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol and water, doped with Cr(V) complex. Equal spin temperatures of the two nuclei are produced, and the highest spin polarizations (≈ 80%) are found in mixtures near the eutectic ratio. The high fluorine content and polarization make this a suitable target material for polarized nuclear scattering experiments.
Was Civil War surgery effective

During the U.S. Civil War surgeons performed a vast number of surgeries. Whether surgery increased wounded soldiers’ chances of survival has been debated ever since. I analyze a unique observationa...
A path-following interior-point algorithm for linear and quadratic problems

We describe an algorithm for the monotone linear complementarity problem (LCP) that converges from any positive, not necessarily feasible, starting point and exhibits polynomial complexity if some additional assumptions are made on the starting point. If the problem has a strictly complementarity solution, the method converges subquadratically. We show that the algorithm and its convergence properties extend readily to the mixed monotone linear complementarity problem and, hence, to all the usual formulations of the linear programming and convex quadratic programming problems.
Multifocal Gastric Ulcers Caused by Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma in a Patient With Significant Weight Loss

Primary gastrointestinal (GI) lymphoma is a heterogeneous disease with varied clinical presentations. The stomach is the most common GI site and accounts for 70% to 75% of GI lymphomas. We present a patient with gastric diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who presented with significant weight loss, early satiety, and multifocal ulcerated gastric lesions. Esophagoduodenoscopy should be performed in patients presenting with warning symptoms as in our case. Diagnosis is usually made by endoscopic biopsies. Multiple treatment modalities including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have been used. Advancements in endoscopic and pathologic technology decrease turnaround time for diagnosis and treatment initiation, thus reducing the need for surgery. Health care providers should maintain a high level of suspicion and consider gastric DLBCL as part of the differential diagnosis, especially in those with warning symptoms such as weight loss and early satiety with abnormal endoscopic findings.
Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Processes in Fabrication of Personalized Robot

Customers increasingly participate in the design stage of creating personalized products. Additive manufacturing (aka 3D printing) has become a popular enabler of personalization. In this paper we evaluate fabrication of an open source robot arm in terms of cost, build time, dimensional and locational accuracy, and mechanical properties. The mechanical components of the table-top robot were fabricated using two different AM processes: Fused deposition modelling (FDM) and Material Jetting (Polymer Jetting). Reducing the infill density to 50% in the FDM process resulted in a slight decrease in building time, material cost and tensile strength, and caused a 95% drop in yield strength. Simulation of the robot’s mechanical assembly using its CAD model based on the expected tolerances of the components, resulted in estimation of the end-effector positioning accuracy to be 0.01 to 0.22 mm.
Effective synaptic interactions in subsampled nonlinear networks with strong coupling

A major obstacle to understanding neural coding and computation is the fact that experimental recordings typically sample only a small fraction of the neurons in a circuit. Measured neural properties are skewed by interactions between recorded neurons and the “hidden” portion of the network. To properly interpret neural data, we thus need a better understanding of the relationships between measured effective neural properties and the true underlying physiological properties. Here, we focus on how the effective spatiotemporal dynamics of the synaptic interactions between neurons are reshaped by coupling to unobserved neurons. We find that the effective interactions from a pre-synaptic neuron r ′ to a post-synaptic neuron r can be decomposed into a sum of the true interaction from r ′ to r plus corrections from every directed path from r ′ to r through unobserved neurons. Importantly, the resulting formula reveals when the hidden units have—or do not have—major effects on reshaping the interactions among observed neurons. As a prominent example, we derive a formula for strong impact of hidden units in random networks with connection weights that scale with 1/√ N , where N is the network size—precisely the scaling observed in recent experiments.
OBESITY IN THA: DOES IT MAKE A DIFFERENCE?

Obesity is a leading public health concern and it is increasing in prevalence over the last 20 years. Obesity prevalence has doubled in adults and tripled in adolescents. The United States is the leading country in terms of percent obesity. Most alarming is the fact that the fastest growing rates of obesity are in the highest BMI groups. The issue of obesity is a particular concern to arthroplasty surgeons since there is an association between the increasing incidence of obesity and the increasing rate of joint replacement. Also of concern is that obese patients tend to be younger and complication rates and revision rates are higher in young patients which is only compounded by the presence of obesity. The risk of virtually every major complication is substantially higher in obese patients. Of concern, however, is a recent study indicating that bariatric surgery with successful weight loss does not necessarily decrease the complication rate. Obesity is also associated with substantially higher costs. There is some evidence that obesity doesn9t necessarily affect implant survival. There is also evidence that the clinical outcomes may not be substantially compromised by the presence of obesity. Based on data from studies such as this, some centers have stated that it is difficult to justify withholding surgery based on BMI alone. The data on weight loss following surgery indicates the vast majority of patients did not lose weight following joint replacement. In one study a higher proportion of patients gained weight than lost weight.
Massively parallel first-principles simulation of electron dynamics in materials

We present a highly scalable, parallel implementation of first-principles electron dynamics coupled with molecular dynamics (MD). By using optimized kernels, network topology aware communication, and by fully distributing all terms in the time-dependent KohnSham equation, we demonstrate unprecedented time to solution for disordered aluminum systems of 2000 atoms (22,000 electrons) and 5400 atoms (59,400 electrons), with wall clock time as low as 7.5s per MD time step. Despite a significant amount of non-local communication required in every iteration, we achieved excellent strong scaling and sustained performance on the Sequoia Blue Gene/Q supercomputer at LLNL. We obtained up to 59% of the theoretical sustained peak performance on 16,384 nodes and performance of 8.75Petaflop/s (43% of theoretical peak) on the full 98,304 node machine (1,572,864 cores). Scalable explicit electron dynamics allows for the study of phenomena beyond the reach of standard first-principles MD, in particular, materials subject to strong or rapid perturbations, such as pulsed electromagnetic radiation, particle irradiation, or strong electric currents. Highly scalable implementation of time-dependent Density Functional Theory with explicit electronic time integration.Excellent scalability and time to solution on 1.6 million Blue Gene/Q cores.Enables first-principles study of electronic stopping power and conductivity.
Covariant and equivariant formality theorems

Abstract We give a proof of Kontsevich's formality theorem for a general manifold using Fedosov resolutions of algebras of polydifferential operators and polyvector fields. The main advantage of our construction of the formality quasi-isomorphism is that it is based on the use of covariant tensors unlike Kontsevich's original proof, which is based on ∞-jets of polydifferential operators and polyvector fields. Using our construction we prove that if a group G acts smoothly on a manifold M and M admits a G -invariant affine connection then there exists a G -equivariant quasi-isomorphism of formality. This result implies that if a manifold M is equipped with a smooth action of a finite or compact group G or equipped with a free action of a Lie group G then M admits a G -equivariant formality quasi-isomorphism. In particular, this gives a solution of the deformation quantization problem for an arbitrary Poisson orbifold.
On the expansion of the resolvent for elliptic boundary contact problems

Let A be an elliptic operator on a compact manifold with boundary \({\overline{M}}\) , and let \({\wp:\partial\overline{M} \to Y}\) be a covering map, where Y is a closed manifold. Let AC be a realization of A subject to a coupling condition C that is elliptic with parameter in the sector Λ. By a coupling condition we mean a nonlocal boundary condition that respects the covering structure of the boundary. We prove that the resolvent trace \({Tr_{L^2} (A_C-\lambda)^{-N}}\) for N sufficiently large has a complete asymptotic expansion as \({|\lambda|\to \infty}, \lambda \in \Lambda\) . In particular, the heat trace \({Tr_{L^2}e^{-tA_C}}\) has a complete asymptotic expansion as \({t \to 0^+}\) , and the \({\zeta}\) -function has a meromorphic extension to \({\mathbb {C}}\).
Some notes on Tagalog prosody and scrambling

This paper outlines some facts of Tagalog prosody. The basic pitch excursions of Tagalog turn out to be remarkably similar to those of Irish, as described by Elfner (2012; 2015). After discussing in some detail the properties of Tagalog pitch rises and falls, and their sensitivity to the position of stress and of prosodic word boundaries, I make an observation about the interaction of word order with pitch peak height. It turns out that objects are generally higher-pitched than subjects would be in the same position, both in VOS and in VSO order; interestingly, this generalization is blind to the “Philippine-style voice” system, and makes reference only to thematic subjects and objects. I speculate that this generalization represents the Tagalog expression of nuclear stress: objects, no matter where they are in the Tagalog sentence, receive nuclear stress, realized as a heightened pitch peak.This article is part of Special Collection: Prosody and Constituent Structure
Regularity gradient estimates for weak solutions of singular quasi-linear parabolic equations

Abstract This paper studies the Sobolev regularity for weak solutions of a class of singular quasi-linear parabolic problems of the form u t − div [ A ( x , t , u , ∇ u ) ] = div [ F ] with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions over bounded spatial domains. Our main focus is on the case that the vector coefficients A are discontinuous and singular in ( x , t ) -variables, and dependent on the solution u . Global and interior weighted W 1 , p ( Ω T , ω ) -regularity estimates are established for weak solutions of these equations, where ω is a weight function in some Muckenhoupt class of weights. The results obtained are even new for linear equations, and for ω = 1 , because of the singularity of the coefficients in ( x , t ) -variables.
Using Elasticities to Derive Optimal Bankruptcy Exemptions

This article studies the optimal determination of bankruptcy exemptions for risk averse borrowers who use unsecured contracts but have the possibility of defaulting. In a large class of economies, knowledge of four variables is sufficient to determine whether a bankruptcy exemption level is optimal or should be increased or decreased. These variables are 1. the composition of households’ liabilities, 2. the sensitivity of the credit supply schedule to exemption changes, 3. the probability of filing for bankruptcy with non-exempt assets, and 4. the value given by households to a marginal dollar in different states, which can be mapped to changes in households’ consumption. I recover empirical estimates of the sufficient statistics using U.S. data over the period 2008–16 and find that increasing exemption levels improves overall welfare, although there is substantial variation in estimated welfare gains across U.S. states and income quintiles.
Estimating error models for whole genome sequencing using mixtures of Dirichlet-multinomial distributions.

Motivation Accurate identification of genotypes is an essential part of the analysis of genomic data, including in identification of sequence polymorphisms, linking mutations with disease and determining mutation rates. Biological and technical processes that adversely affect genotyping include copy-number-variation, paralogous sequences, library preparation, sequencing error and reference-mapping biases, among others. Results We modeled the read depth for all data as a mixture of Dirichlet-multinomial distributions, resulting in significant improvements over previously used models. In most cases the best model was comprised of two distributions. The major-component distribution is similar to a binomial distribution with low error and low reference bias. The minor-component distribution is overdispersed with higher error and reference bias. We also found that sites fitting the minor component are enriched for copy number variants and low complexity regions, which can produce erroneous genotype calls. By removing sites that do not fit the major component, we can improve the accuracy of genotype calls. Availability and Implementation Methods and data files are available at https://github.com/CartwrightLab/WuEtAl2017/ (doi:10.5281/zenodo.256858). Contact cartwright@asu.edu. Supplementary information Supplementary data is available at Bioinformatics online.
Consumption Inequality and the Frequency of Purchases

Author(s): Coibion, Olivier; Gorodnichenko, Yuriy; Koustas, Dmitri | Abstract: We document a decline in the frequency of shopping trips in the United States since 1980 and consider its implications for the measurement of consumption inequality. A decline in shopping frequency as households stock up on storable goods (i.e., inventory behavior) will lead to a rise in expenditure inequality when the latter is measured at high frequency, even when underlying consumption inequality is unchanged. We find that most of the recently documented rise in expenditure inequality in the United States since the 1980s can be accounted for by this phenomenon. Using detailed micro data on spending, which we link to data on club/warehouse store openings, we directly attribute much of the reduced frequency of shopping trips to the rise in club/warehouse stores. (JEL D12, D31, D63, D91, E21)
Wind Setup Effects in Large Open Channels

Measurements in a large conveyance canal in California permitted the evaluation of the water surface superelevation (”setup” due to wind shear in the axial direction of the channel). Through the use of a general equation for the wind shear proposed by the writers, it is shown that the wind setup can be computed closely for various flow conditions, including unsteady states. It is also shown that the wind shear in open channels obeys the same general laws applicable to seaways.
OSTEOLYSIS IN THE WELL FIXED SOCKET: RETAIN OR REPLACE?

Wear and osteolysis are the major problems limiting the longevity of total hip arthroplasty. There is general agreement that if left untreated osteolysis will eventually lead to loosening of the acetabular component. In many cases polyethylene liner exchange may be preferable to revision of a well-fixed acetabular component. If there is osteolysis present the question is when should the polyethylene liner exchange be performed? The answer to that question has not been definitively defined at the present time. There are few studies available that evaluate the timing of surgical intervention when acetabular osteolysis is present. Indications for surgical intervention include prevention of complete wear of the head through the polyethylene liner (liner thickness If one decides to retain the component the following steps are generally involved in operative management. Remove the liner and assess component stability. Assess the locking mechanism for the polyethylene. If the locking mechanism is not intact one can consider cementing the liner in place. In general, it is recommended to debride and bone graft the osteolytic lesion. The author prefers to use an access hole at the periphery of the component or at times a trapdoor can be made in the ilium. It is essential not to de-stabilise the acetabular component. At the present time there is no optimal graft material to use. Potential graft options include demineralised bone matrix or cancellous bone chips. Since dislocation is the number one complication after polyethylene liner exchange, it is a good idea to use a larger femoral head whenever possible. In some cases it is also worthwhile to consider bracing the patient after the surgery. It is essential to be ready to perform a complete revision. Therefore, when planning to perform a polyethylene liner exchange one needs to have the appropriate components available to completely revise the acetabular component.
Incremental parametric syntax for multi-language transformation

We present a new approach for building source-to-source transformations that can run on multiple programming languages, based on a new way of representing programs called incremental parametric syntax. We implement this approach in our Cubix system, and construct incremental parametric syntaxes for C, Java, JavaScript, Lua, and Python, demonstrating three multi-language program transformations that can run on all of them. Our evaluation shows that (1) once a transformation is written, relatively little work is required to configure it for a new language (2) transformations built this way output readable code which preserve the structure of the original, according to participants in our human study, and (3) despite dealing with many languages, our transformations can still handle language corner-cases, and pass 90% of compiler test suites.
RNA phase transitions in repeat expansion disorders

Expansions of short nucleotide repeats produce several neurological and neuromuscular disorders including Huntington disease, muscular dystrophy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A common pathological feature of these diseases is the accumulation of the repeat-containing transcripts into aberrant foci in the nucleus. RNA foci, as well as the disease symptoms, only manifest above a critical number of nucleotide repeats, but the molecular mechanism governing foci formation above this characteristic threshold remains unresolved. Here we show that repeat expansions create templates for multivalent base-pairing, which causes purified RNA to undergo a sol-gel transition in vitro at a similar critical repeat number as observed in the diseases. In human cells, RNA foci form by phase separation of the repeat-containing RNA and can be dissolved by agents that disrupt RNA gelation in vitro. Analogous to protein aggregation disorders, our results suggest that the sequence-specific gelation of RNAs could be a contributing factor to neurological disease.
Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia: Adjunctive therapy with inhaled steroids

Abstract Idiopathic chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (ICEP) is a rare form of diffuse parenchymal lung disease first identified by Carrington et al. in 1969. It is characterized by the presence of constitutional and respiratory symptoms with associated peripheral opacities on imaging and elevated serum and/or bronchoalveolar eosinophilia. Although data is limited regarding etiology or prevalence, it is known that ICEP has a 2:1 female: male predominance and typically affects non-smokers. Diagnosis rests on the clinical constellation of respiratory symptoms of at least 2–4 weeks duration, the presence of diffuse pulmonary alveolar consolidation, classically described as the “photographic negative of pulmonary edema”, the presence of eosinophils ≥40% on bronchoalveolar lavage or ≥1000/mm3 eosinophils on peripheral blood and the exclusion of other known causes of eosinophilic lung diseases such as drugs, toxins, fungi, parasites, and collagen-vascular disorders. A dramatic response is achieved with systemic corticosteroids, which is typically dosed over 6 months to 1 year. Despite this response, approximately 30–50% of patients will relapse upon cessation of steroids or during the taper. Although these patients respond well to another trial of steroids, the side effects of long term steroids are well known, including osteoporosis, diabetes, hypertension and cataracts. Inhaled corticosteroids as monotherapy has been trialed in the past without success. However, we report a case of a patient who underwent treatment with systemic corticosteroids followed by inhaled steroids who has remained in remission for 2 years.
Terahertz Excitation of Three-level Λ-Type Exciton-Polariton Modes in Quantum-Well Microcavity

Interactions of strong few-cycle THz pulses with the induced optical polarization in a QW microcavity reveal that the exciton-polariton modes and the 2p-exciton state form a unique Λ-type three-level system of the coupled light-matter modes.
Tetracycline-Resistant Ureaplasma Urealyticum: A Cause of Persistent Nongonococcal Urethritis

We treated 289 men with nongonococcal urethritis in a randomized, double-blind study with minocycline, 100 mg once or twice daily for 7 or 21 days. Ureaplasma urealyticum was isolated before treatment from 167 (58%). The pretherapy isolates from 82 men re-examined 6 to 8 days after initiation of treatment were viable. In six (7%) isolates were resistant to 256 microgram/mL or more of tetracycline. Tetracycline resistance was significantly correlated with persistence of U. urealyticum and persistence of nongonococcal urethritis during treatment. Recurrence of nongonococcal urethritis after initial resolution and recurrence of U. urealyticum after interim negative cultures were not correlated with tetracycline resistance of U. urealyticum. Thus tetracycline-resistant strains of U. urealyticum are a cause of persistent but not of recurrent nongonococcal urethritis.
Undescended Testis: Value of MR Imaging

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in 32 male patients, 20 with no abnormalities and 12 with clinically suspected undescended testes. The results were compared with ultrasonographic, computed tomographic, clinical, and surgical findings. The undescended testes were unilateral in eight patients (one had testicular duplication) and bilateral in four. Of 16 undescended testes, 15 were correctly identified on MR images. One intraabdominal testis was not seen. Testis-fat contrast at 0.35 T was optimal with a short repetition time (TR) and a short echo time (TE). At 1.5 T, good contrast was achieved with short TR/TE sequences, but the contrast was even more pronounced with even longer TR/TE parameters. In seven patients with unilateral undescended testes, the undescended and contralateral testes showed symmetrical tissue signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images. In three, the undescended testis was of lower signal intensity, suggesting atrophy. MR imaging promises to become an important diagnostic tool in the detection of undescended testes.
Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty Treatment of Renal Transplant Artery Stenosis

Since June 1979, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) has been the procedure of choice for renal transplant artery stenosis (RTAS) at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Of 241 renal allograft recipients, 17 (7%) when studied by arteriogram because of suspected RTAS proved to have
Tubular Microfibrils in the Glomeruli of Membranous Nephropathy

The presence of tubular microfibrils in the mesangium and capillary walls of the renal glomeruli is a rare occurrence that has been reported by others in different glomerular disease processes. The two cases presented in this report demonstrated such microfibrils in membranous glomerulonephropathy, an association previously described in only one other case. These microfibrils differed in size and structural characteristics from collagen fibers, amyloid fibrils, and cryoglobulin microtubules.
Daytime Urinary Frequency in Children

Description de 17 cas de ce nouveau syndrome caracterise par des mictions tres frequentes (intervalles de 5 a 20 mn) uniquement pendant la journee, non pendant la nuit. Pas de polyuree, les quantites sont tres faibles a chaque fois; pas de douleurs, d'incontinence, d'anomalies de l'urine (bacteries, cellules, proteines etc). Pas d'anomalies des voies urinaires a l'echographie. Aucun facteur declenchant evident. Les antispasmodiques sont sans effet. Les troubles disparaissent spontanement au bout de quelques semaines