cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimal Dimensionality Reduction for Multi-Sensor Fusion in the Presence of Fading and Noise

We derive linear estimators of stationary random signals based on reduced-dimensionality observations collected at distributed sensors and communicated over wireless fading links to a fusion center, where additive noise is also present. Dimensionality reduction compresses sensor data to meet low-power and bandwidth constraints, while linearity in compression and estimation are well motivated by the limited computing capabilities wireless sensor networks are envisioned to operate with. For uncorrelated sensor data, we develop mean-square error (MSE) optimal estimators in closed-form; while for correlated sensor data, we derive sub-optimal iterative estimators which guarantee convergence at least to a stationary point. Performance analysis and corroborating simulations demonstrate the merits of the novel distributed estimators relative to existing alternatives.
The role of emerging technology in women’s response to pregnancy loss

Evaluation of: Gold KJ, Boggs, ME Mugisha E, Palladina CL. Internet message boards for pregnancy loss: who’s on-line and why? Womens Health Issues doi:10.1016/j.whi.2011.07.006 (2011) (Epub ahead of print).Women who experience pregnancy loss are frequently turning to the internet for information and support, making it critical to understand the impact of online communication forums as emerging technologies, including patterns of utilization, perceived benefits and iatrogenic effects. An anonymous internet survey posted on 18 active US message boards related to pregnancy loss revealed that the 1006 respondents appeared different to the epidemiologic distribution of women with pregnancy loss in that most were white and highly educated. Most reported great satisfaction, stating they had learned new medical information from the boards, felt less isolated and more validated in their loss and grief and valued the unique features of online communication (e.g., privacy, anonymity and convenience). In addition to ...
Effect of quercetin, genistein and kaempferol on glutathione and glutathione-redox cycle enzymes in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes

AbstractContext and objective: Many studies have shown that cellular redox potential is largely determined by glutathione (GSH), which accounts for more than 90% of cellular nonprotein thiols. The aim of this study was to delineate the effect of three flavonoids – namely, quercetin, kaempferol and genistein – and exogenous GSH on oxidative damage by the Fenton’s pathway through the GSH and GSH-redox cycle enzymes in 3T3-L1 cells. Materials and methods: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were exposed to each flavonoid and GSH at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 µM and then GSH levels and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GSH-Rx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. Results: Exogenous GSH did not have significant effect on intracellular GSH although slight decrease was observed at 15–25 µM doses. However, each of the three flavonoids sustained intracellular GSH levels in the cells as compared to the respective controls. Quercetin had the most profound effect, followed...
Brain stimulation in psychiatric disorders part II: working hypotheses and evidence.

Last month’s column provided a very brief overview of the various emerging technologies for modulating the abnormal brain circuitry of mood disorders. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS) technologies may offer hope to the thousands of persons with medication-resistant depression. We now present an overview of the hypotheses that are driving the research as well as the results of studies of these techniques. Derived primarily from two excellent review papers, the intention here is to offer an admittedly oversimplified but useful framework for understanding how these technologies work and their outcomes thus far. Heretofore, the predominant physiological theory of depression was of neurotransmitter dysregulation. Advances in imaging technology have revealed specific, localized areas of the cortex and limbic system that manifest changes in neural activity during depressive episodes. In reviewing these findings regarding abnormal circuitry in these areas, Ressler and Mayberg (2007) offer a definition of mood and anxiety disorders as “brainbased disorders that lead to dysregulation of these (limbocortical) circuits” (p. 1116). Neurostimulatory techniques appear to disrupt or modulate this abnormal neural activity (McIntyre, Savasta, Kerkerian-Le Goff, & Vitek, 2004; Ressler & Mayberg, 2007). Electroconvulsive therapy’s mechanism of action (MoA) has remained unknown, but the induced seizure is considered to be the stimulus that resets, as it were, a dysregulated system. Whereas ECT induces a rather generalized acute excitatory response, the newer technologies can be tailored and targeted to specific areas, with varying degrees of precisely preset frequencies and duration of stimuli to affect an increase or decrease in resultant neural excitability. Vagal nerve stimulation and rTMS are more targeted and tailored than ECT, but neither have been shown to improve psychotic depression (Dumitriu, Mathew, Collins, & Alterman, 2008). DBS pro
Rubisco Activase Is Required for Optimal Photosynthesis in the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in a Low-CO2 Atmosphere

This report describes a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant that lacks Rubisco activase (Rca). Using the BleR (bleomycin resistance) gene as a positive selectable marker for nuclear transformation, an insertional mutagenesis screen was performed to select for cells that required a high-CO2 atmosphere for optimal growth. The DNA flanking the BleR insert of one of the high-CO2-requiring strains was cloned using thermal asymmetric interlaced-polymerase chain reaction and inverse polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. The flanking sequence matched the C. reinhardtii Rca cDNA sequence previously deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. The loss of a functional Rca in the strain was confirmed by the absence of Rca mRNA and protein. The open reading frame for Rca was cloned and expressed in pSL18, a C. reinhardtii expression vector conferring paromomycin resistance. This construct partially complemented the mutant phenotype, supporting the hypothesis that the loss of Rca was the reason the mutant grew poorly in a low-CO2 atmosphere. Sequencing of the C. reinhardtii Rca gene revealed that it contains 10 exons ranging in size from 18 to 470 bp. Low-CO2-grown rca1 cultures had a growth rate and maximum rate of photosynthesis 60% of wild-type cells. Results obtained from experiments on a cia5 rca1 double mutant also suggest that the CO2-concentrating mechanism partially compensates for the absence of an active Rca in the green alga C. reinhardtii.
Elimination of body effects in SOI CMOS devices

Tremendous research is going on in using silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices for commercial purposes. Many advantages, like low junction capacitance, complete isolation of devices, smaller layout area, low power consuming circuits and lesser delays have enhanced the possibility of faster circuits. Still, problems with the parasitic floating body effects in partially depleted SOI (PDSOI) devices exist. The effects of the floating body are studied through the DC characteristics of PDSOI device structures. Effects like the kink effect, loss of gate control, self-heating effect and impact ionization are investigated. The impact ionization and the bipolar latch up effects tend to dominate in partially depleted (PDSOI) devices. DC characteristics of body tied to source, dynamic threshold MOS (DTMOS), and PDSOI devices are presented.
Electricity and ancillary services markets in New York state: market power in theory and practice

Since electricity, and its reliable provision on command, is a multi-attribute commodity, it should be priced over multiple dimensions if it is to be provided efficiently, and that requires multiple but related markets. So far New York is the only domestic electricity market that has introduced separate segments for ancillary services, together with eleven locationally defined markets for energy. By fragmenting the market over dimensions of space, time, and various contributing factors to reliability, the chances for greater efficiency are available in theory, but by spreading the market out, the possibility also exists of having fewer potential suppliers for each segment, thereby increasing opportunities to exercise market power at particular times and places. In fact several instances of market power have been observed that are not surprising with the benefit of perfect hindsight, and the lessons learned are combined with theoretical principles to establish guidelines for future electricity market design and operation.
Scavenging Behavior of Lynx rufus on Human Remains During the Winter Months of Southeast Texas

: Animal-scavenging alterations on human remains can be mistaken as human criminal activity. A 32-day study, documenting animal scavenging on a human cadaver, was conducted at the Southeast Texas Applied Forensic Science facility, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas. A Stealth Cam Rogue IR was positioned near the cadaver to capture scavenging activity. An atypical scavenger, the bobcat, Lynx rufus, was recorded feeding on the cadaver. Scavenging by bobcats on human remains is not a predominant behavior and has minimal documentation. Scavenging behaviors and destruction of body tissues were analyzed. Results show that the bobcat did not feed on areas of the body that it does for other large animal carcasses. Results also show the bobcat feeds similarly during peak and nonpeak hours. Understanding the destruction of human tissue and covering of the body with leaf debris may aid forensic anthropologists and pathologists in differentiating between nefarious human activity and animal scavenging.
Process monitoring using causal map and multivariate statistics: fault detection and identification

Abstract Data-driven techniques based on multivariate statistics (such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS)) have been applied widely to chemical processes and their effectiveness for fault detection is well recognized. There is an inherent limitation on the ability for purely data-driven techniques to identify and diagnose faults, especially when the abnormal situations are associated with unknown faults or multiple faults. The modified distance (DI) and modified causal dependency (CD) are proposed to incorporate the causal map with data-driven approach to improve the proficiency for identifying and diagnosing faults. The DI is based on the Kullback–Leibner information distance (KLID), the mean of the measured variables, and the range of the measured variable. The DI is used to measure the similarity of the measured variable between the current operating conditions and the historical operating conditions. When the DI is larger than the predefined threshold, the variable is identified as abnormal. The CD, derived based on the multivariate T 2 statistic, is used to measure the causal dependency of two variables. When CD is larger than the predefined threshold, the causal dependency of the two variables is broken. The proposed method requires a causal map and historical data associated with the normal operating conditions. A causal map containing the causal relationship between all of the measured variables can be derived based on knowledge from a plant engineer and the sample covariance matrix from the normal data. The DI/CD algorithm outperformed the purely data-driven techniques such as PCA for detecting and identifying known, unknown, and multiple faults using the data sets from the Tennessee Eastman process (TEP).
Lexical decision for open- and closed-class words: Failure to replicate differential frequency sensitivity

Bradley and her colleagues (D. C. Bradley, Computarional distinctions of vocabulary type, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1978; D. C. Bradley, M. E. Garrett, & E. B. Zurif, in D. Caplan (Ed.), Biological studies ofmenra/ processes, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1980) have reported a marked difference in frequency sensitivity between open- and closedclass words on a lexical decision task. This effect was obtained with normal subjects, but not with Broca’s aphasics. Their results have already influenced experimental and theoretical investigations of syntactic processing. However, in three lexical decision experiments with normal subjects, modeled on those of Bradley et al., we failed to find such a theoretically interesting difference between the two classes. Instead, both classes showed similar reaction time frequency sensitivity for word frequencies less than approximately 316/million (H. Kucera & W. N. Francis, Computational analysis of presenf-day English, Providence, RI: Brown Univ. Press, 1967, count); above 399/million, the closed class had an almost-flat function of reaction time versus the logarithm of the frequency, while the open class may have had too few members for meaningful assessment. Because reaction time may be a nonlinear function of log frequency, and because there is relatively little overlap between the frequency ranges of the two classes, comparisons of the members of the two classes which might straddle the function’s inflection point must be made with extreme caution.
A generalized spatial correlation-based algorithm for self-cohering large antenna arrays

It is shown that the entire spatial correlation class of algorithms can be characterized by one general algorithm called the generalized spatial correlation algorithm (GSCA). All the other correlation-based algorithms are shown to be different realizations of the GSCA. In the present work, the GSCA is first derived and then the problem of calibrating an array with this algorithm using data acquired in the near field of the array is addressed. This is extremely important since most high-resolution systems operate in the near field of the array. Finally, the relationships between the existing spatial correlation algorithms and the GSCA are presented. >
The Internal Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus LANA Regions Exert a Critical Role on Episome Persistence

ABSTRACT Kaposi9s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) is a 1,162-amino-acid protein that acts on viral terminal repeat (TR) DNA to mediate KSHV episome persistence. The two essential components of episome persistence are DNA replication prior to cell division and episome segregation to daughter nuclei. These functions are located within N- and C-terminal regions of LANA. N- and C-terminal regions of LANA are sufficient for TR DNA replication. In addition, N- and C-terminal regions of LANA tether episomes to mitotic chromosomes to segregate episomes to progeny cell nuclei. To generate a tethering mechanism, N-terminal LANA binds histones H2A/H2B to attach to mitotic chromosomes, and C-terminal LANA binds TR DNA and also associates with mitotic chromosomes. Here, we test the importance of the internal LANA sequence for episome persistence. We generated LANA mutants that contain N- and C-terminal regions of LANA but have most of the internal sequence deleted. As expected, the LANA mutants bound mitotic chromosomes in a wild-type pattern and also bound TR DNA as assayed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). The mutants mediated TR DNA replication, although with reduced efficiency compared with LANA. Despite the ability to replicate DNA and exert the chromosome and DNA binding functions necessary for segregating episomes to daughter nuclei, the mutants were highly deficient for the ability to mediate both short- and long-term episome persistence. These data indicate that internal LANA sequence exerts a critical effect on its ability to maintain episomes, possibly through effects on TR DNA replication.
Suggestive correlations between the brightness of Neptune, solar variability, and Earth's temperature

[1] Long-term photometric measurements of Neptune show variations of brightness over half a century. Seasonal change in Neptune's atmosphere may partially explain a general rise in the long-term light curve, but cannot explain its detailed variations. This leads us to consider the possibility of solar-driven changes, i.e., changes incurred by innate solar variability perhaps coupled with changing seasonal insolation. Although correlations between Neptune's brightness and Earth's temperature anomaly—and between Neptune and two models of solar variability—are visually compelling, at this time they are not statistically significant due to the limited degrees of freedom of the various time series. Nevertheless, the striking similarity of the temporal patterns of variation should not be ignored simply because of low formal statistical significance. If changing brightnesses and temperatures of two different planets are correlated, then some planetary climate changes may be due to variations in the solar system environment.
Solidification of Sludges with Portland Cement

Raw primary sewage sludge and a chicken manure was solidified by mixing with fly ash and Portland cement. By varying the proportions of sludge solids, fly ash, and cement in a mix, it was possible to control the time required for final set, and the physical properties of the resulting solid matrix. A maximum of 3.3% of the input phosphate was leached from the matrices over a 15-day period. Phosphates are efficiently incorporated into the solid matrix.
Response to “Vascular Precursor Epilepsy — Old wine in new skins?”

In response to our study entitled “Stroke after adult-onset epilepsy: A population-based retrospective cohort study. Epilepsy Behav 2015 (this issue).”, E. Trinka, G. Kraemer, and K. Werhahn noted in a letter to the editor that we missed the opportunity to emphasize the work done by pioneer investigators in this field of research while acknowledging studies from contemporary research by Shinton and Cleary. They particularly highlighted the seminal research by Austrian neurologist G.S. Barolin who had a deep interest in seizures of cerebrovascular origin and coined the term ‘vascular precursor of epilepsy’. First and foremost, we appreciate the insightful and important reminder regarding the seminal work of G.S. Barolin in setting the pathophysiological link between cerebrovascular lesions and epilepsy. We acknowledge that Barolin's work is perhaps the foundational argument for the association established between cerebrovascular diseases and epilepsy. Indeed, our earlier published work [1] showed stroke to have the strongest association with epilepsy (OR = 4.20; 95% CI = 4.06–4.34). We speculated a similar explanation for theunderlyingpathophysiological link in this complex association as noted by Barolin. We appreciate the kind and insightful remarks of Trinka and colleagues. The difficulty of obtaining and translating older, non-English publications resulted in the inadvertent omission of these important works. Barolin's work importantly promoted the idea that stroke prevention should be undertaken [2]. We identified certain comorbidities associated with those patients who go on to develop stroke and highlighted opportunities for prevention and fulfilled a major objective
Fragments or Components: Theme Collections in a Local Setting

Archives and manuscript repositories need to determine and enforce realistic collecting policies in order to create cohesive collections for research use and keep the size of their holdings within reasonable bounds, but this is difficult to accomplish because of constituency pressures and the impulse to compete with other institutions. The experience of an old and important regional repository, the Western Reserve Historical Society, particularly its Cleveland Regional Ethnic Archives Program begun in 1971, is the central focus of this article. The author describes how the society's collecting policy was defined and examines the evolution of collecting practice within the bounds of that policy. The successful implementation of the original policy has depended especially on three factors: good working relations with ethnic group leaders, selectivity within the scope of the policy, and cooperation among repositories.
A Community Building Approach to PTSD Using the Arts in a Military Hospital Setting

Social support plays an integral role in the management of the negative impact of stress upon health and recovery from trauma. Sufferers of combat-induced PTSD frequently complain of feelings of isolation, loss of identity, and a decreased ability to connect with and empathize with others, including loved ones. The stigma of mental illness, internal and external pressure to uphold the dominant narrative of the invulnerable hero, and the complexity of emotions toward the combat experience are among the barriers to honest communication and reintegration into civilian society. But trauma and the resultant fragmentation of memory provides an opportunity for patients to rebuild identity and meaning through the regular construction of narratives—not once, but on a regular basis, as circumstances evolve. Encouraging individuals to independently and interdependently engage in the arts as an occupation through which to actively reevaluate relationships with themselves, their memories, and their loved ones empowers them to become active participants in their treatment, and can improve outcomes across the continuum of care.
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit Concludes that a Reverse Payment Need Not Be in Cash (Loestrin)

In the area of drug patent settlements, the First Circuit's ruling in In Re Loestrin 24 Antitrust Litigation is a crucial decision. Since the Supreme Court’s ruling in FTC v. Actavis, much ink has been spilled on whether "payment" applies beyond cash. The vast majority of district courts (as well as the Third Circuit in the Lamictal case) have correctly found that it does. But the district court In re Loestrin did not. The issue is still alive, as the Supreme Court recently requested the plaintiffs' response to the defendants' petition for certiorari in Lamictal.In the Loestrin decision, the First Circuit held that non-cash conveyances present similar harms as cash transfers. It recognized that a contrary conclusion would lead to the evasion of Actavis and a promotion of form over substance.In this short article, I conclude that the Loestrin decision puts the nail in the coffin of the argument that Actavis is limited to cash. The Loestrin decision also effectively disposes of the possibility of Supreme Court review. There is no circuit split. The two federal appellate courts that have addressed the issue have clearly and unequivocally held that payment encompasses more than just cash. In dicta, the California Supreme Court in In re Cipro Cases I & II agreed. And all 9 district courts that have addressed the issue have held that payment encompasses non-cash conveyances.As the courts move on to confront issues left open by Actavis such as the appropriate antitrust framework, role of causation, and pleading requirements, the Loestrin decision should put the easy issue of whether payment is limited to cash firmly in the rearview mirror.
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole in the Treatment of Otitis Media Caused by Ampicillin-Resistant Strains of Haemophilus influenzae

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) was successful treatment for 93 %7 of cases of acute otitis media caused by ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae studied. All 15 children in this study had symptoms of otitis media that were unrelieved by a course of ampicillin therapy, but 14 of them responded promptly to a 10-day course of TMP-SMZ. Potentially invasive type b strains of H. influenzae were isolated in cultures of the middle ear exudate of three children, all of whom responded well to TMP-SMZ therapy. The middle ear isolates of H. influenzae were sensitive in vitro to TMP-SMZ. It is concluded that TMP-SMZ is effective and convenient for the treatment of otitis media caused by ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae. The emergence and proliferation of Haemophilus influenzae strains resistant to ampicillin have stimulated the development, evaluation, and approval of several new oral antimicrobial agents that are effective in vitro against these pathogens. In our pediatric practice, we encounter 15-20 children yearly with acute otitis media that is proved by culture to be caused by ampicillinresistant H. influenzae. Most of these children are identified after their otitis media fails to improve with a 10-day course of amoxicillin. This report
Spectral Isolation and Measurement of Surface-Trapped State Multidimensional Nonlinear Susceptibility in Colloidal Quantum Dots

Multiresonant coherent multidimensional spectroscopy (CMDS) is a powerful new method for probing the coupling between vibrational modes and their dynamics. The line narrowing that occurs because of the multidimensional nature of CMDS allows the separation of homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening and enhances spectral resolution. Recent work has extended multiresonant CMDS to electronic resonances in quantum confined nanostructures. Vibrational modes of the solvent also appear in the CMDS spectra. The phase oscillations of the vibrational and electronic coherences interfere and change the line shapes. Since the form of the vibrational third-order susceptibility and hyperpolarizability are well-known and since they can be measured against known standards, it becomes possible to use the interference effects as a probe of the absolute magnitude and phase of the electronic resonances. This approach is demonstrated using PbSe quantum dots where incomplete capping causes ultrafast relaxation to a new electron...
The problem of selecting adults for a child care training program—a descriptive and methodological study

Typical academic measures and experience with children were found to be unrelated to performance ratings by faculty or field supervisors. Informal measures of interest and socially agreeable personality traits assessed by interview appeared more promising. Applicant interest in the program seemed more assured without formal selection tests. Program success was estimated from the low student dropout rate and highly satisfactory placements of graduates. Research toward clearer and more systematic selection measures, along with validation for job performance, is recommended.
Temporal sequence of pulmonary cytokine gene expression in response to endotoxin in C3H/HeN endotoxin-sensitive and C3H/HeJ endotoxin-resistant mice.

Although previous studies suggested that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) was a critical cytokine responsible for the inflammation observed after exposure to endotoxin, other mediators may also play an important role in the regulation of systemic inflammatory responses independent of TNF-alpha. The present study compared the temporal sequence of endotoxin-induced TNF-alpha, interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene expression and cellular localization of cytokine proteins in pulmonary tissue of two strains of mice that have a genetically based differential sensitivity to endotoxin. Lung tissue and plasma were harvested from endotoxin-sensitive C3H/HeN and endotoxin-resistant C3H/HeJ mice at 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 5 mg/kg endotoxin (Escherichia coli-derived lipopolysaccharide, serotype 0111:B4). There were significant elevations in both TNF-alpha gene and IL-1 alpha expression immediately (15 min) after endotoxin injection in C3H/HeN mice. Although levels of TNF-alpha mRNA in the two mouse strains were similar at 1-2 h, the IL-1 alpha gene expression in pulmonary tissue isolated from endotoxin-resistant mice was not comparable to the levels detected in C3H/HeN endotoxin-sensitive mice at the same times. The most dramatic difference in endotoxin-induced cytokine gene expression between the two strains of mice was in IL-10 mRNA levels in pulmonary tissue isolated from endotoxin-sensitive mice, compared to the lack of detectable increase in IL-10 gene expression in C3H/HeJ endotoxin-resistant mice above baseline at any time point examined. Quantitation of neutrophil infiltration into pulmonary tissue using immunochemical detection of GR-1, a myeloid differentiation-specific antibody, demonstrated that there was a significantly decreased inflammatory infiltrate in pulmonary tissue isolated from C3H/HeJ mice following endotoxin administration, which correlated with decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokine immunoreactive protein within pulmonary cells. Pulmonary cytokine synthesis and immunoreactive protein production did not directly correlate with either the magnitude or the temporal sequence of increases in plasma cytokine levels, suggesting that systemic levels of cytokines may not accurately reflect the cytokine response within the local tissue milieu. The present observations demonstrate that the differential synthesis and production of immunosuppressive cytokines as well as proinflammatory cytokines may be important variables in the determination of the extent of infiltration of inflammatory cells into the local pulmonary site in response to endotoxin and may significantly contribute to the determination of sensitivity or resistance to endotoxin in this murine model.
Consequences of Dating for Post‐divorce Maternal Well‐being

Repartnering has been linked to health benefits for mothers, yet few studies have examined relationship quality in this context. According to the divorce-stress-adaptation perspective, relationship quality may influence the relationship between maternal well-being and dating after divorce. The current study examines the consequences of dating, relationship quality, and dating transitions (breaking up and dating new partners) on maternal well-being (negative affect and life satisfaction). Using monthly surveys completed by mothers over a two-year period after filing for divorce, we examined changes in intercepts and slopes of dating status and transitions for maternal well-being while also testing the effects of relationship quality. Mothers entering high-quality relationships were likely to report boosts in well-being at relationship initiation compared to single mothers and mothers entering low-quality relationships. Mothers entering lower-quality relationships were likely to report lower levels of well-being than single mothers. Dating transitions were associated with increases in well-being. Implications for maternal adjustment are discussed.
Chapter 3 - Vegetative Responses to Disturbance

This chapter describes the vegetative responses to disturbances in the Alaska Arctic region. Disturbances to plant communities by modern society in the Alaska Arctic began with U.S. Navy exploration in the National Petroleum Reserve–Alaska (NPR-A) during the 1940s. During the 1950s Distant Early Warning (DEW) Line construction sites across northern Alaska, Canada, and Greenland disturbed various habitats, mostly near the seacoast. The oldest of these disturbances are now over half a century in age. Research conducted during the past few decades has shown there to be two general types of natural succession following disturbance. One is original floristic composition, in which the colonizers are members of the climax community and only the relative composition of species changes over time. The other is floristic relay, in which one set of species is replaced by another and the composition of the climax community differs markedly from that of the pioneering one. Original floristic composition is the most common type of recolonization where soil and moisture conditions are similar to those in the climax habitat; floristic relay occurs mostly where soil and habitat conditions greatly change from those of the original community. Wise leadership and administration in the University of Alaska and U.S. Department of Agriculture must include safeguarding their essential roles in maintaining locally helpful applied research.
Liturgical language and the formation of reflectively embodied imagination as exemplified in the doxological poetry of Ephrem the Syrian

Christian Catechumens of antiquity participated bodily in a variety of deeply evocative ritual symbolic practices. At the Syrian church where Ephrem served as a deacon, they would also have spoken or sung poetic verse juxtaposing images from the biblical story to symbols and practices of the baptismal rites of initiation. Although Ephrem's aim was primarily doxological, it also formed in participants a reflective Christian imagination, one that overlaps with but is not identical to contemporary accounts of an embodied imaginative habitus. Christians in the present day who learn to imagine like Ephrem will grow in their capacity to see God's saving work grounded in and through seemingly ordinary experience, they will be challenged to dwell humbly in the mystery of God's revelation, and they will cultivate resources and poetic license for discerning, naming, and participating in God's coming Kingdom.
MICROBIAL PROFILE OF SELECTED SPICES AND HERBS AT IMPORT

A partial microbial profile was determined for documented samples of imported and domestic spices. Bacteria of public health significance were absent. The incidence and numbers of amylolytic and proteolytic organisms, thermophilic sporeformers, yeasts and molds, and total microorganisms varied among the different spices as well as within each type of spice. When cells of Salmonella were inoculated in pre-enrichment cultures containing allspice, cassia, onion, and oregano, a definitive inhibition of growth was noted. To detect Salmonella in preparations of these spices, only small amounts of the condiment can be cultured.
Novel vitamin D analogs that modulate leukemic cell growth and differentiation with little effect on either intestinal calcium absorption or bone mobilization.

Induction of terminal differentiation of leukemic and preleukemic cells is a therapeutic approach to leukemia and preleukemia. The 1 alpha, 25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], the hormonally active form of vitamin D3, can induce differentiation and inhibit proliferation of leukemia cells, but concentrations required to achieve these effects cause life-threatening hypercalcemia. Seven new analogs of 1,25(OH)2D3 were discovered to be either equivalent or more potent than 1,25(OH)2D3 as assessed by: (a) inhibition of clonal proliferation of HL-60, EM-2, U937, and patients' myeloid leukemic cells: and (b) induction of differentiation of HL-60 promyelocytes. Furthermore, these analogs stimulated clonal growth of normal human myeloid stem cells. The most potent analog, 1,25-dihydroxy-16ene-23yne-vitamin D3, was about fourfold more potent than 1,25(OH)2D3. This analog decreased clonal growth and expression of c-myc oncogene in HL-60 cells by 50% within ten hours of exposure. Effects on calcium metabolism of these novel analogs in vivo was assessed by intestinal calcium absorption (ICA) and bone calcium mobilization (BCM). Each of the analogs mediated markedly less (10 to 200-fold) ICA and BCM as compared with 1,25(OH)2D3. To gain insight into the possible mechanism of action of these new analogs, receptor binding studies were done with 1,25(OH)2–16ene-23yne-D3 and showed that it competed only about 60% as effectively as 1,25(OH)2D3 for 1,25(OH)2D3 receptors present in HL-60 cells and 98% as effective as 1,25(OH)2D3 for receptors present in chick intestinal cells. In summary, we have discovered seven novel vitamin D analogs that are more potent than the physiologic 1,25(OH)2D3 as measured by a variety of hematopoietic assays. In contrast, these compounds appear to have the potential to be markedly less toxic (induction of hypercalcemia). These novel vitamin D compounds may be superior to 1,25(OH)2D3 in a number of clinical situations including leukemia/preleukemia; they will provide a tool to dissect the mechanism of action of vitamin D seco-steroids in promoting cellular differentiation.
Behavioral and genetic mechanisms of social evolution: insights from incipiently and facultatively social bees.

Facultatively social species exhibit behavioral plasticity in response to changes in ecological conditions and social environment, and thus provide a natural experiment to compare solitary and social behaviors in a single genome. Such species can therefore provide empirical insights into the evolution of eusociality. The small carpenter bees (genus Ceratina) and sweat bees (Halictidae) are of special interest because they exhibit rich behavioral plasticity. Species range from solitary to eusocial, and both groups benefit from detailed behavioral research and well-established phylogenies. As such, small carpenter and sweat bees are poised to further comparative sociogenomic studies which emphasize the necessity of a molecular phylogeny for understanding the evolution of molecular architecture underlying social phenotypes and organizational complexity. Here, we review behavioral, transcriptomic and genomic data in bees across the social spectrum, highlighting the importance of simple societies and facultatively social taxa to examine the genetic basis of cooperative traits and social evolution.
Photonic microwave generation in multimode VCSELs subject to orthogonal optical injection

Microwave generation is studied experimentally in a multi-transverse-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) subject to dual-beam orthogonal optical injection as well as in the single transverse mode regime of the VCSEL subject to single-beam and dual-beam injections. Comparison of the results shows that microwave oscillation obtained via dual-beam injection in the multi-transverse-mode regime has greater optical modulation depth and a larger tunable range. This agrees with the theoretical prediction qualitatively.
A role for Candida albicans superoxide dismutase enzymes in glucose signaling.

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans yeasts have evolved to differentially use glucose for fermentation versus respiration. S. cerevisiae is Crabtree positive, where glucose represses respiration and promotes fermentation, while the opportunistic fungal pathogen C. albicans is Crabtree negative and does not repress respiration with glucose. We have previously shown that glucose control in S. cerevisiae involves the antioxidant enzyme Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), where H2O2 generated by SOD1 stabilizes the casein kinase YCK1 for glucose sensing. We now demonstrate that C. albicans SODs also participate in glucose regulation. C. albicans expresses two cytosolic SODs, Cu/Zn SOD1 and Mn containing SOD3, and both complemented a S. cerevisiae sod1Δ mutant in stabilizing YCK1. Moreover, in C. albicans cells, both SODs functioned to repress glucose transporter genes in response to glucose. However, the action of SODs in glucose control has diverged in the two yeasts. In S. cerevisiae, SOD1 specifically functions in the glucose sensing pathway involving YCK1 and the RGT1 repressor, but the analogous YCK/RGT1 pathway in C. albicans shows no control by SOD enzymes. Instead C. albicans SODs work in the glucose repression pathway involving the MIG1 transcriptional repressor. In C. albicans, the SODs repress glucose uptake, while in S. cerevisiae, SOD1 activates glucose uptake, in accordance with the divergent modes for glucose utilization in these two distantly related yeasts.
Elementary Second-Order Partial Differential Equations

This chapter presents the classification of second-order equations. A partial differential equation is a functional relation between a set of dependent variables and their derivatives with respect to the independent variables up to order r . The highest order, r , is called the order of the equation. In the case of a system of partial differential equations, the system is called determined, overdetermined, or underdetermined if the number of equation is equal to, greater than, or less than the number of dependent variables respectively. A partial differential equation is linear if it is linear in the dependent variables and all their derivatives. It is quasilinear if the equation is linear in all the derivatives of the highest order. The chapter discusses the Cauchy problem and the characteristic surfaces. It discusses the reduction of partial differential equations to the form to which the Cauchy–Kowalewski theorem is applicable. If the diiferential equation is not linear, it can be reduced to a quasilinear equation of higher order by differentiation.
Risk of Heroin Dependence in Newly Incident Heroin Users.

This study assesses data from the 2002 to 2016 US National Survey on Drug Use and Health data sets to determine the percentage of newly incident heroin users who became heroin dependent.
Sexual Transmission: Chlamydia trachomatis

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular Gram negative bacterium, which infects mucosal epithelial cells (Schachter and Stephens 2008). Chlamydia display a unique two-stage life cycle consisting of an infectious stage and a replicative stage. During the infectious stage the organism assumes a metabolically inactive form, the elementary body , which can survive in the host extracellular environment. Upon entry into a host cell the elementary body transforms within a host cell vacuole into a metabolically active, replicating form, the reticulate body. Over a period of approximately 36–72 hours of growth and replication, the reticulate bodies transform into infectious elementary bodies, which are extruded from the cell and repeat the cycle by infecting additional cells of the same or a second host.
Using Refinement to Understand Architectural Connection

The predominant use of refinement is to relate specifications of a system at two levels of abstraction. In this paper we describe a different application of refinement. We consider the problem of specifying reusable architectural connectors and the associated need to have formal rules for instantiating them for a specific system. We show that it is possible to use notations like CSP for these specifications and then to adapt the notion of process refinement to provide the rules for instantiation. We further show that these rules are sound with respect to deadlock freedom.
An Overview of Current Research Activities on PEM Fuel Cell Technology at Florida Atlantic University

The Fuel Cell Laboratory at Florida Atlantic University (FAU) originally founded to support a research funded by the US Department of Energy under the leading author’s supervision during 1996-1997 period [1]. In sequel, the laboratory has been upgraded with several industrial funding supports, including Teledyne Inc., Enerfuel Inc, in addition to the National Science Foundation (NSF) and FAU internal research funds. With the continuing support of local FC industries, the laboratory is considered a focal point for the research and educational activities pertaining to proven fuel cell testing technology. In this paper, an overview of several research and instructional activities of FAU Fuel Cell Laboratory are briefly presented.
Leukemic cell growth in SCID mice as a predictor of relapse in high- risk B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) provide a model system to examine the in vivo homing, engraftment, and growth patterns of normal and malignant human hematopoietic cells. The relation between leukemic cell growth in this model and the treatment outcome in patients from whom cells were derived has not been established. Leukemic cells from 42 children with newly diagnosed high-risk B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia were inoculated intravenously into CB.17 SCID mice. Mice were killed at 12 weeks or when they became moribund as a result of disseminated leukemia. All mice were necropsied and subjected to a series of laboratory studies to assess their burden of human leukemic cells. Twenty-three patients whose leukemic cells caused histopathologically detectable leukemia in SCID mice had a significantly higher relapse rate than the 19 patients whose leukemic cells did not (estimated 5-year event-free survival: 29.5% v 94.7%; 95% confidence intervals, 11.2% to 50.7% v 68.1% to 99.2%; P < .0001 by log-rank test). The occurrence of overt leukemia in SCID mice was was a highly significant predictor of patient relapse. The estimated instantaneous risk of relapse for patients whose leukemic cells caused overt leukemia in SCID mice was 21.5-fold greater than that for the remaining patients. Thus, growth of human leukemic cells in SCID mice is a strong and independent predictor of relapse in patients with newly diagnosed high-risk B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Imaging of the Neck

The anatomic structures of the neck are predominantly derived from the pharyngeal (branchial) apparatus, which consists of paired pharyngeal arches, clefts, pouches, and membranes (Fig. 34.1).
Kompressoren mit rotierenden Zellen

Dem unmittelbaren Antrieb der Kolbenkompressoren durch raschlaufende Elektromotoren steht der Umstand hindernd entgegen, das die Drehzahl des Kompressors in masigen Grenzen gehalten werden mus, um nicht unzulassig hohe Kolbengeschwindigkeit zu erhalten. Allerdings sind Schnellaufer gebaut worden mit 600 bis 1000 Uml./min, sie besitzen aber zufolge der kleinen Abmessungen nur eine beschrankte Leistungsfahigkeit und sind starker Abnutzung unterworfen.
Über das Strömen der strukturviskosen Stoffe

1. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, das der Begriff der laminaren stationaren Stromung als eine bestimmte Stromungsform unabhangig von der konstanten Zahigkeit bzw. dem parabolischen Geschwindigkeitsprofil definiert werden kann. In diesem verallgemeinerten Sinne konnen auch Nicht-Newton'sche Flussigkeiten mit beliebigem Reibungsgesetz laminar fliesen. 2. Von diesem Ansatz ausgehend, werden die Geschwindigkeitsprofile fur die Kapillare und den Couette-Apparat fur verschiedene angenommene Reibungsgesetze berechnet. 3. Es wird die Darstellung der Flieskurve in PV-Koordinaten erneut diskutiert, um zu zeigen, wie das Reibungsgesetz mit der Flieskurve zusammenhangt. 4. Aus den theoretischen Ausfuhrungen werden diejenigen Moglichkeiten herausgearbeitet, die eine Entscheidung uber die Existenz der allgemein-laminaren stationaren Stromung bei Stoffen mitη=konst. in der ausgefuhrten Form bringen konnen. 5. Aus zusammengestellten Versuchsergebnissen geht hervor, das dieser Nachweis in allen Punkten gefuhrt werden kann.
Effective Post-Construction Evaluation Practices for Work Zone Management Strategies

State departments of transportation (DOTs) invest a significant amount of effort to develop and implement transportation management plans (TMPs) in order to effectively manage the traffic flow of w...
Sliding mode control for systems with mismatched time-varying uncertainties via a self-learning disturbance observer:

This paper presents a novel sliding mode control (SMC) algorithm to handle mismatched uncertainties in systems via a novel self-learning disturbance observer (SLDO). A computationally efficient SLD...
Project Syllabus: An Exploratory Study of Learner-Centered Syllabi.

Recent research suggests that designing a syllabus using learner-centered principles may increase students’ perceptions of their instructor on the characteristics of rapport, caring, helpfulness, w...
Culturally responsive social work practice with D/deaf clients

D/deaf individuals are often marginalized in our society. A lack of cultural understanding among social workers serving this population, coupled with communication barriers, inconsistent access to ...