cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes of right ventricular size and function in neonates after valvotomy for pulmonary atresia or critical pulmonary stenosis and intact ventricular septum

Abstract Right ventricular end-diastolic and stroke volumes were calculated from orthogonal subcostal echocardiographic images in 24 neonates (mean weight ± SD 3.4 ± 0.4 kg) with pulmonary atresia (n = 18) or critical pulmonary stenosis (n = 6) and intact ventricular septum before and at an average of 5 days and then 19 days after pulmonary valvotomy. The preoperative echocardiographic volume determinations were compared with the respective angiographic determinations. In addition, the endocardial area outlines of the left and right ventricles were obtained by planimetry from an end-diastolic frame taken in the apical four-chamber view. End-diastolic and stroke volumes calculated by the echocardiographic method (y) correlated closely with those calculated by the angiographic method (x); the regression equations were y = 1.02 × −0.13 (r = 0.95, SEE ± 0.45 ml) and y = 1.16 × −0.15 (r = 0.89, SEE ± 0.38 ml), respectively. All except one infant had right ventricular hypoplasia before valvotomy with an end-diastolic volume of 16.6 ± 6.4 ml/m2(44.5 ± 17.3% of normal). Right to left ventricular area ratio was 0.56 ± 0.09 (normal 0.95). Five days after valvotomy, right ventricular end-diastolic volume decreased to 10.6 ± 4.6 ml/m2(p These findings indicate that right ventricular volume can be calculated accurately by two-dimensional echocardiography and that these measurements can be used serially in patients with pulmonary atresia and intact septum. Right ventricular end-diastolic and stroke volumes decrease early after decompression of the outflow obstruction. Therefore, an additional temporary source of auxiliary pulmonary blood flow may be necessary to support the neonate who undergoes relief of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Echocardiographic calculation of end-diastolic and stroke volume and right to left ventricular area ratios may aid in determining when the prostaglandin infusion to maintain ductus patency might be discontinued.
Influence of induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes by phenobarbital on toxicity of organic phosphate insecticides.

SummaryA comparison was made of the toxicity of 15 cholinergic organic phosphates to normal rats and mice and to animals pretreated with phenobarbital for 5 days. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the hepatic microsomal enzyme induction caused by phenobarbital changed the acute toxicity of the organic phosphates. The study demonstrated that phenobarbital treatment either decreased the toxicity or had no effect on the toxicity of any of the compounds in either species with one exception being an increased toxicity of OMPA to phenobarbitaltreated rats.
Behavior of Polyacid Chains Tethered to an Elastic Substrate

We use scaling arguments and an analytical self-consistent field theory to investigate the behavior of polyacid chains that are grafted onto an elastic surface and immersed in an aqueous solution. The surface is assumed to be neutral, while the polyacid groups can dissociate and become negatively charged at elevated pH. We determine how the elasticity of the substrate affects the response of the tethered chains to variations in pH and the concentration of salt in the solution. Under these conditions, we find that the surface elasticity, γ, affects both the area per chain, σ, and the height of the brush, h, and we derive specific scaling relationships correlating σ and h to γ. The results provide guidelines for coupling γ, pH, and the salt concentration to tailor the structure of the polyacid brush and thereby adapt the system for specific applications.
Isolation of a catalytically competent phosphorylated tyrosine kinase from Rous sarcoma virus-induced rat tumor by immunoadsorption to and hapten elution from phosphotyrosine binding antibodies

A procedure has been developed for the isolation of a catalytically competent phosphorylated tyrosine kinase (RSV Y-kinase) from avian sarcoma virus-induced rat tumors. The procedure involves reaction of partially purified RSV Y-kinase with ATP to effect tyrosyl phosphorylation of catalytically competent RSV Y-kinase. Tyrosyl phosphorylated RSV Y-kinase was isolated from the heterogeneous reaction mixture by immunoadsorption on immobilized phosphotyrosyl binding antibodies and elution with the hapten p-nitrophenyl phosphate. Estimation of the phosphate content of the purified phosphorylated RSV Y-kinase indicated that 1-3 tyrosyl groups had been phosphorylated upon reaction with ATP. The specific activity toward histone 2B of the purified phosphorylated RSV Y-kinase was at least 30-fold greater than that estimated for the RSV Y-kinase prepared previously by immunoadsorption on immobilized antiserum from tumor bearing rabbits.
A simple virtual machine

Many computer science classes begin with a discussion of how a computer performs certain actions. In an introductory survey of computers, this frequently involves demonstrating some application program. A first course for majors in computer science is likely to discuss high-level programming languages and compare them to the assembly language of some mainframe. A course in system programming is likely to provide examples of assembly language code and relocatable object code before introducing assemblers, linkers, and loaders. The authors have observed certain drawbacks in some of the familiar approaches.
Effective operators in the NCSM formalism

No-core shell model (NCSM) calculations using ab initio effective interactions are very successful in reproducing the experimental nuclear spectra. While a great deal of work has been directed toward computing effective interactions from bare nucleon-nucleon (NN) and three-nucleon forces, less progress has been made in calculating the effective operators. Thus, except for the relative kinetic energy, the proton radius, and the NN pair density, all investigations have used bare operators. We apply the Lee-Suzuki procedure to general one-body operators, investigating the importance of the approximations involved. In particular we concentrate on the limitations of the two-body cluster approximation.
INSIGHTS ON SERVICE SYSTEM DESIGN FROM A NORMAL APPROXIMATION TO ERLANG'S DELAY FORMULA

We show how a simple normal approximation to Erlang's delay formula can be used to analyze capacity and staffing problems in service systems that can be modeled as M/M/s queues. The numbers of servers, s, needed in an M/M/s queueing system to assure a probability of delay of, at most, p can be well approximated by s ≅ p + z***I-p+, where z1-p, is the (1 - p)th percentile of the standard normal distribution and ρ, the presented load on the system, is the ratio of Λ, the customer arrival rate, to μ, the service rate. We examine the accuracy of this approximation over a set of parameters typical of service operations ranging from police patrol, through telemarketing to automatic teller machines, and we demonstrate that it tends to slightly underestimate the number of servers actually needed to hit the delay probability target—adding one server to the number suggested by the above formula typically gives the exact result. More importantly, the structure of the approximation promotes operational insight by explicitly linking the number of servers with server utilization and the customer service level. Using a scenario based on an actual teleservicing operation, we show how operations managers and designers can quickly obtain insights about the trade-offs between system size, system utilization and customer service. We argue that this little used approach deserves a prominent role in the operations analyst's and operations manager's toolbags.
Business Ethics Education at Bay: Addressing a Crisis of Legitimacy

In this article I describe a crisis of legitimacy in business schools due to a longstanding habit of sidestepping ethics education. The accrediting agency helps perpetuate this dilemma by failing to require stand‐alone ethics coursework, despite pressure from some constituents to do so in the wake of an earthquake of corporate scandals. This crisis could easily be resolved if business schools adopted a three‐pronged approach to ethics education based on foundational coursework. Specifically, business schools should require at least one ethics course as a fulcrum for integrating ethics across the curriculum. As a third tactic, this effort should be augmented by other initiatives, such as hosting guest speakers, offering service‐learning projects, and establishing endowed chairs in ethics.
Precursory variation of seismicity rate in the Assam area, India

The seismicity data from 1825 to the present for the Assam (northeastern India) region show that seismicity rates there deviate from normal before and after major earthquakes. Along this 1,000-km-long section of a plate boundary, all shocks with magnitude M > 6.6 were preceded and sometimes followed by periods of significant seismic quiescence. No major earthquakes occurred without an associated seismic quiescence, and no such quiescence occurred at times other than before or after a major event. The most remarkable periods of quiescence lasted about 28 and 30 yr before the two great ( M = 8.7) Assam earthquakes of 1897 and 1950. Other periods of anomalously low seismicity preceded main shocks of magnitudes 6.7 (in 1950 and 1975), 7.8 (in 1869), and 7.7 (in 1947), with durations of 6, 8, 23, and 17 yr, respectively. These durations fit (with approximately the scatter of the original data) a published relation between precursor time and magnitude. Since these changes of seismicity rate were observed at the edges of and within the Assam gap, defined by the 1897 and 1950 great earthquakes, it is likely that a future major or great earthquake in this gap will be preceded by seismic quiescence. Whether a preparatory phase for an earthquake has begun in the Assam gap cannot be stated for certain because of the changing earthquake-detection capability in the area and because of poor location accuracy.
Creating Global Brand Names: The Use of Sound Symbolism

ABSTRACT Creating meaningful brand names for international markets can be particularly challenging because translation may distort intended meaning. To mitigate this issue, marketers can imbue meaning into a brand name with sound symbolism, which refers to the direct linkage between sound and meaning. The aim of this article is to examine whether sound symbolism effects are maintained after translating a brand name from English to Hindi. Results of an empirical study with Hindi-speaking subjects indicate that the sound–meaning relationship can persist after translation. A primary contribution is that sound symbolism can help create global brand names with consistent meaning across languages.
Radiation patterns of interfacial dipole antennas

The radiation pattern of an infinitesimal electric dipole is calculated for the case where the dipole is vertically located on the plane interface of two dielectric half spaces and for the case where the dipole is lying horizontally along the interface. For the vertical case, it is found that the radiation pattern has nulls at the interface and along the dipole axis. For the horizontal case, it is found that the pattern has a null at the interface; that the pattern in the upper half space, whose index of refraction is taken to be less than that of the lower half space, has a single lobe whose maximum is normal to the interface; and that in the lower half space, in the plane normal to the interface and containing the dipole, the pattern has three lobes, whereas in the plane normal to the interface and normally bisecting the dipole, the pattern has two maxima located symmetrically about a minimum. Interpretation of these results in terms of the Cerenkov effect is given.
Royal Power and the Achaean Assembly at "Iliad" 2.84-393

AGAMEMNON'S TEST of his troops in Iliad 2, which very nearly brings about a summary end to the Achaean efforts to take Troy, offers a unique view of the disintegration and reestablishment of a kingship. Agamemnon's test has proved, however, notoriously problematic for commentators, and doubts about its pur pose and textual integrity have kept it from realizing its place in discussions of the foundation and function of kingly power in Homer.' With rare unanimity, scholars understand the test as an exercise in reverse psychology that is meant to incite the Achaeans to insist that the war continue, a result Agamemnon unwit tingly achieves in the assembly at 9.9-78 and the council at 14.27-146.2 On this
Studying the Effects of Driver Distraction and Traffic Density on the Probability of Crash and Near-Crash Events in Naturalistic Driving Environment

Driver distraction detection and intervention are important for designing modern driver-assistance systems and for improving safety. The main research question of this paper is to investigate how the cumulative driver off-road glance duration can be controlled to reduce the probability of occurrences of crash and near-crash events. Based on the available data sets from the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute (VTTI) 100-car study, the conditional probability is calculated to study the chance of crash and near-crash events when the given cumulative off-road glance duration in 6 s has been reached. Different off-road eye-glance locations and traffic density levels are also evaluated. The results show that one linear relationship can be obtained between the cumulative off-road eye-glance duration in 6 s and the risk of occurrences of crash and near-crash events, which varies for different off-road eye-glance locations. In addition, the traffic density level is found to be one significant moderator to this linear relationship. Detailed comparisons are made for different traffic density levels, and one nonlinear equation is obtained to predict the probability of occurrences of crash and near-crash events by considering both cumulative off-road glance duration and traffic density levels.
Cause of death in widow(er)s and spouses.

The timing and patterns of death following the stressful event of conjugal bereavement are analyzed for England and Wales using a one percent sample of the total population in the OPCS Longitudinal Study for the period 1971-1981. "Overall the mortality of widowers was about 10% in excess of that in all males in the sample whereas that of widows was only slightly raised. Some increases in death rates shortly after widow(er)hood are observed. Unusually these increases in all-cause mortality rates are more marked in widows than in widowers with a two-fold increase in mortality from all causes in the first month after widowhood. Marked peaks of post-bereavement mortality from accidents and violent causes are clear in both sexes. Possible explanations for the increased mortality rates are examined." (EXCERPT)
Origin of positive core-level shifts in Au clusters on oxides

The origin of observed positive core-level shifts in sparse Au clusters on oxides is explored in representative metal oxide systems, namely, Au/MgO(001) and ${\mathrm{A}\mathrm{u}/\mathrm{T}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{O}}_{2}(110)$ with a varying coverage and also in the presence of surface oxygen vacancies, by using the density-functional full-potential-linearized augmented-plane-wave method. The final-state effects are treated self-consistently by moving one core electron to the valence band. This approach provides excellent results for binding energies. Surprisingly, it is not the final-state contribution but the presence of surface O vacancies that causes the positive core-level shifts.
Treatment of irreparable rotator cuff tears

Irreparable rotator cuff tears are a challenging problem for patients and surgeons. There are several treatment options, but deciding the correct one for each patient can be difficult. Treatment options include physical therapy, arthroscopy, muscle transfers, reverse shoulder arthroplasty, and hemiarthroplasty. An understanding of the patient's chief complaint and their functional ability to elevate their arm above horizontal should guide the treatment. This article reviews the current literature on various treatment options for irreparable rotator cuff tears, then outlines an algorithm for determining treatment.
Oral pseudomonas aeruginosa immunization enhances survival in mice subsequently burned and infected with P. aeruginosa.

Abstract Mice fed 0 serotype-specific strains of P. aeruginosa for two weeks, had increased titers of IgM but not IgG antibodies to the strains fed. Immunized mice, burned and infected with P. aeruginosa , showed significant 0 serotype-specific enhanced survival. Survival of mice fed several 0 serotype-specific strains simultaneously increased when these mice were burned and infected with P. aeruginosa homologous to those fed except when a high exotoxin A producing strain was used. Mice fed purified exotoxin A showed an increased LD 50 when injected with graded toxin doses. Feeding both 0 serotype-specific P. aeruginosa plus exotocin A increased survival even with burn and infection using the high toxin producing strain. We conclude that feeding P. aeruginosa antigens provides successful immunization which avoids the effects of parental adminstration.
L-Homocysteine and L-homocystine stereospecifically induce endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent lipid peroxidation in endothelial cells.

Atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease associated with hyperhomocysteinemia has been proposed to result, at least in part, from increased vascular oxidative stress. Here we characterize one mechanism by which homocyteine may induce a vascular cell type-specific oxidative stress. Our results show that l-homocysteine at micromolar levels stereospecifically increases lipid peroxidation in cultured endothelial cells, but not in vascular smooth muscle cells or when medium is incubated in the absence of cells. Consistent with these observations, homocysteine also increases the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. The pro-oxidant effect of homocysteine can be fully replicated by an equivalent concentration of homocystine (i.e., an oxidized form of homocysteine), but not with cysteine or glutathione. Homocyst(e)ine-dependent lipid peroxidation is independent of H2O2 and alterations in glutathione peroxidase activity, but dependent on superoxide. Mechanistically, the pro-oxidant effect of homocysteine appears to involve endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), as it is blocked by the eNOS inhibitor l-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester. Thus, homocyst(e)ine actively promotes oxidative stress in endothelial cells via an eNOS-dependent mechanism.
O 14 Decay Energy and the Fermi Interaction Constant

The threshold energy of the ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}({\mathrm{He}}^{3}, n){\mathrm{O}}^{14}$ reaction has been measured precisely with the use of a Van de Graaff accelerator and an electrostatic analyzer, the value being 1436.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9 kev. From this value, the ${\mathrm{O}}^{14}$ beta-decay end-point energy (for decay leading to the 2.312-Mev state in ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$) is computed to be 1.8000 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0065 Mev, based on the 1956 table of masses, and 1.8097 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0015 Mev, based on the 1960 table of masses. A revised value of the Fermi interaction constant in beta decay is calculated and applied in the conserved vector current theory of Feynman and Gell-Mann. When (1) the radiative corrections and other corrections are applied to the decay of ${\mathrm{O}}^{14}$, (2) the corrected $\mathrm{ft}$ value is used to compute the vector coupling constant in beta decay, (3) the value of this vector coupling constant is assumed to be the same as that for the muon decay and is used to calculate the lifetime of the muon, and (4) this lifetime is corrected for radiation effects, the predicted mean life of the muon becomes 2.289\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.013 \ensuremath{\mu}sec (based on the 1960 table of masses and the radiative corrections of Kinoshita and Sirlin) or 2.245\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.013 \ensuremath{\mu}sec (based on the 1960 table of masses and the corrections, radiative and otherwise, of Durand and collaborators). The former value is 3.6% greater than a weighted average of several recent measurements of the muon mean life, 2.210\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003 \ensuremath{\mu}sec, while the latter value is only 1.6% greater, and is within the combined experimental and theoretical uncertainties. However, the definitions of coupling constants used by Durand and collaborators differ somewhat from those used by others.
A Finite Strain Plastic-damage Model for High Velocity Impacts using Combined Viscosity and Gradient Localization Limiters: Part II - Numerical Aspects and Simulations

In this companion article, we present within the finite element context the numerical algorithms for the integration of the thermodynamically consistent formulation of geometrically nonlinear gradi...
Effect of selective chemical modification of 4-thiouridine of phenylalanine transfer ribonucleic acid on enzyme recognition☆

Abstract Transformation of 4-thiouridine residues in Escherichia coli transfer ribonucleic acids is achieved under conditions which leave the major bases and the primary structure unaffected. The modifications of 4-thiouridine involve either alteration with N-ethylmaleimide, cyanogen bromide, or hydrogen peroxide, or a photochemical transformation effected by irradiation at 330 nm of tRNA in an organic solvent. These selective modifications were made on unfractionated species (Phe, Leu, fMet, Tyr, and Val) and purified species (Phe, fMet, and Val) of E. coli tRNA with little or no loss in their capacities to be aminoacylated. Of the tRNA species tested, subsequent treatment of 4-thiouridineless-tRNA with sodium borohydride affects only the capacity of tRNAPhe to be aminoacylated. These observations are consistent with the proposal that the cognate ligase recognition site on tRNAPhe is situated in the nonhydrogenbonded dihydrouridine loop area of the molecule.
Screening of Small Molecule Microarrays for Ligands Targeted to the Extracellular Epitopes of Living Cells

The screening of living cells using high-throughput microarrays is technically challenging. Great care must be taken in the chemical presentation of potential ligands and the number of collisions that cells make with them. To overcome these issues, we have developed a glass slide-based microarray system to discover small molecule ligands that preferentially bind to one cell type over another, including when the cells differ by only a single receptor. Chemical spots of 300 ± 10 μm in diameter are conjugated covalently to glass slides using an arraying robot, and novel near-infrared fluorophores with peak emission at 700 nm and 800 nm are used to label two different cell types. By carefully optimizing incubation conditions, including cell density, motion, kinetics, detection, etc. we demonstrate that cell-ligand binding occurs, and that the number of cells bound per chemical spot correlates with ligand affinity and specificity. This screening system lays the foundation for high-throughput discovery of novel ligands to the cell surface.
Influence of Age on the ‘Nasal Cycle’

The nasal cycle is classicially defined as a side-to-side fluctuation in nasal engorgement and airflow, with period lengths ranging from approximately 1 to 5 hours. This cycle, as well as its variants (e.g., cyclic changes on one side of the nose only), is produced by alterations in autonomic tone of the nasal vasculature and reportedly correlates with a number of ultradian rhythms, including asymmetries in left:right cerebral electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and differential performance on visual/spatial psychological tasks. Since the pacemaker for the nasal cycle is believed to lie within the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, and this nucleus evidences degeneration in later life, we sought to determine whether the nasal cycle or its variants changes with age. To achieve this end, we used a liquid crystal thermography exhalation monitor to measure relative airflow of the two nasal chambers at 15-minute intervals for 6 hours in 60 people representing four age categories: 18 to 29 years (n=12); 30 to 49 years (n=15); 50 to 69 years (n=13); and 70 to 85 years (n=20). Overall, the proportion of subjects exhibiting the alternating rhythmicity associated with the classic nasal cycle decreased with age. No association was present between nasal cycle parameters and scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The results suggest that the classic nasal cycle may be a marker for age-related central nervous system changes.
Financial Planning and College Saving Recommendations: Let's Set Things Straight

Abstract Continuing increases in the cost of higher education, along with an ever-changing financial aid environment, suggest that financial planning is more important than ever for those seeking to send a child to college. One commonly used aid to the financial planner is the “college savings table”, which is ubiquitous in both the popular press, as well as the literature geared toward financial planners. Although they are intended to simplify the planning process, some of these tables may lead to misallocation of family resources. The tables generally purport to show how much money parents must save monthly to fund four years of college at a specified future date. We demonstrate that these tables often employ flawed methodology. Upon correction (and given reasonable assumptions about investor behavior, growth rates in tuition costs, and investment yields), the monthly savings necessary to fund a given level of college expenses can be substantially less than those reported. Additionally, published tables typically provide the planner with a limited range of investment yield assumptions, suggesting a narrow range of portfolio possibilities. We provide a series of tables which allow the financial planner to estimate required savings for various combinations of investment yields and tuition growth rates.
Formation of α-enaminoketones from α-azidoketones: An elimination of molecular nitrogen from α-azidoketones

Abstract α-Enaminoketones are readily accessible through reaction of α-bromoketones with sodium azide followed by an elimination of molecular nitrogen. The reaction is base catalyzed and proceeds under relatively mild conditions. An anionic mechanism is proposed.
Temporal variability of phytoplankton in tropical lakes.

Temporal variability of ecological systems continues to receive theoretical and empirical attention but remains inadequately documented at low latitudes. Results of my comparative investigation of photosynthetic rates of phytoplankton in 6 equatiorial African lakes and similar information from 20 South American, Asian and African lakes studied by others provide the data for an assessment of the range of seasonal variability (expressed as coefficients of variation, CV) among tropical lakes. Sampling intervals varied from 1 week to 3 months and usually spanned at least one year. Within Africa the coefficient of variation ranged from 15% to 61%, and among all the lakes the coefficient of variation ranged from 15% to 86%. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient of the CV's of photosynthesis versus latitude is 0.24 and is not significant at the 0.05 level. Coefficients of variation of photosynthetic rates of phytoplankton in a diverse set of 45 temperate and arctic lakes ranged from 29% to 155% and were significantly different from the set of 26 tropical lakes by the Mann-Whitney U test. When all 71 lakes are compared, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient of CV's of photosynthesis versus latitude is 0.71 and is significant at the 0.0005 level. Three temporal patterns were recognized among tropical lakes. Most tropical lakes exhibit pronounced seasonal fluctuations that usually correspond with variations in rainfall, river discharges or vertical mixing. A second pattern occurs in lakes with muted fluctuations (coefficient of variation less than 20%) in which diel changes often exceed month to month changes. A third pattern is distinguished by an abrupt change from one persistent algal assemblage (i.e., extant for at least 10 generations) and level of photosynthetic activity to another persistent condition.
A pattern correlation model of vestibulo-ocular reflex habituation

Abstract Through the process of habituation, the response of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is decreased by prolonged, sinusoidal stimulation at lower frequencies (≤0.1 Hz). Research on goldfish has uncovered frequency-specific and nonlinear behaviors associated with habituation of the goldfish VOR, which include phenomena that cannot be explained using dynamic linear and static nonlinear models. The unexplained phenomena are abrupt decreases at peak response, gain decreases far in excess of linear predictions based on phase, and violation of superposition. Their existence was attributed to a hypothetical switch that closed in the appropriate context. The pattern correlation model provides a new perspective on the process of VOR habituation. Rather than treat the stimulus as a continuous sinusoid, the pattern correlation model breaks it up into a number of discontinuous patterns. The pattern most closely correlated with the current stimulus then decreases the VOR response by the amount of that correlation times a pre-assigned weight. The pattern correlation model explains how the frequency-specific and the nonlinear behaviors may be related, and how the apparent switching phenomena may occur.
Current awareness services for agriculture : A comparison of serial title coverage

ABSTRACT Selecting a service involves evaluating many criteria, including price, ease of use, user interface, value-added information, and title coverage. This study examines four current awareness services, Current Contents: Agriculture, Biology and Environmental Science, CARL UnCover, ContentsFirst, and CAB ACCESS, for their coverage of serials in agriculture and related fields. The serial lists from the services were examined for overlapping and unique titles, subject coverage, and publication type. UnCover was found to include not only the greatest number of titles but also the highest percentage of unique titles. However, because a relatively low percentage of the unique titles in UnCover are academic/scholarly and foreign/multilingual, it is recommended that a second service be considered to complement UnCover.
Severe gestational edema.

Lower extremity edema is an almost universal finding in late pregnancy, occurring secondary to increased venous pressure in the legs, obstruction of lymphatic flow, and reduced plasma colloid osmotic pressure.1 Varney describes gestational edema as the development of an excessive accumulation of fluid in the tissues without coexisting hypertension or proteinuria.2 Midwives are familiar with this common condition in an otherwise uncomplicated pregnancy and are comfortable reassuring clients that lower extremity edema is non-pathologic. The patient with severe lower extremity edema, however, presents the provider with a clinical challenge. Is the presenting symptom a sign of an underlying disease process, or simply a normal physiologic process with extreme manifestation/expression? Lower extremity edema that rises to include the labia presents an intrapartum challenge of managing tissue integrity during the birth. A case of severe gestational edema is reported. Discussion explores broader considerations in differential diagnosis and management.
New Impella Cardiac Power Device Used in Patient with Cardiogenic Shock due to Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy.

The new percutaneous Impella CP (Cardiac Power; Abiomed, Inc., Danvers, MA) was designed to provide a higher level of support than Impella 2.5 (Abiomed, Inc.). We present the first documented case of a patient that was transitioned from the Impella 2.5 to Impella CP. A 48-year-old male patient with no medical history was transferred to our institution with a one day history of worsening shortness of breath. The patient was unstable and found to have monomorphic ventricular tachycardia at 220 beats/min that was cardioverted to normal sinus rhythm. An emergent right and left heart catheterization was performed showing nonobstructive coronary artery disease, biventricular failure with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 5 to 10%, high pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) 22 mm Hg, right atrial (RA) pressure 22 mm Hg, and a very low cardiac index of 1.0 L/min/m2. Because of severe cardiogenic shock, Impella 2.5 was inserted providing flow up to 2.1 L/min; however, the patient remained unstable and critically ill with severe multiorgan failure. To provide better mechanical support, the device was upgraded to the new Impella CP that can provide up to 3.5 L/min of cardiac output. Over the course of the next 72 hours, the patient showed significant improvement in hemodynamics and cardiac function (LVEF 45%), with recovery of liver function. The Impella CP was removed with no complications. The new Impella CP was shown to be safe and effective for prolonged use in critically ill patients and may significantly improve their prognosis.
Effect of adding exercise to a diet containing glucomannan.

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the effect of adding a total-body exercise program to an 8-week diet supplemented with glucomannan on weight loss, body composition, blood parameters, and physical performance in overweight men and women. Sedentary men and women who were overweight (body mass index >25 kg m −2 ) (men: 18-57 years, 27.0 ± 11.2 years, 177.5 ± 7.6 cm, 102.4 ± 14.9 kg; women: 18-52 years, 33.4 ± 12.1 years, 160.6 ± 4.6 cm, 79.9 ± 9.3 kg) completed an 8-week diet with 3000 mg glucomannan combined with either no exercise (No-Ex) (10 men, 10 women) or a resistance and endurance exercise training program (Ex) (12 men, 10 women). The diet emphasized healthy food choices and portion size control. The exercise training consisted of 3 weekly sessions of approximately 1 hour of a nonlinear periodized total-body resistance exercise program followed by 30 minutes of endurance exercise. After the intervention, there were reductions ( P −1 ; women, −9.3 ± 20.0 and −10.1 ± 19.5 mg dL −1 ; No-Ex and Ex, respectively), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Exercise significantly improved high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (No-Ex, −2.0 ± 4.7 and −2.3 ± 4.5 mg dL −1 vs Ex, 4.4 ± 10.8 and 1.6 ± 3.6 mg dL −1 ; men and women, respectively), TC/HDL-C ratio, squat and bench press 1-repetition maximum, and distance covered during a shuttle-run test. In addition, exercise appeared to augment the reduction in fat mass (by 63% and 50%; men and women, respectively) and waist circumference, but did not affect total weight loss. Addition of a resistance and endurance exercise training program to a glucomannan diet regimen significantly improved measures of body composition, HDL-C, and TC/HDL-C ratio.
Chicano patients and medical practitioners: a sociology of knowledges paradigm of lay--professional interaction.

Abstract The differences between lay and professional (patient and practitioner) perceptions of an illness are conceptualized as a problem in the sociology of knowledge, and seen as a dynamic process rather than as a static set of differences. The properties of the stocks of knowledge held by the patient and practitioner are contrasted in the following areas: formality (informal-formal), sources of knowledge (variety-exclusion), acquisition (random-structured), breadth (comprehensive-exclusive), internal consistency (contradictions-no contradictions) and clarity (partially clear-strive for clarity). The patient's assessment is her overview of the illness episode, and is composed by asking questions about the following aspects: awareness, recognition, cause, examination, procedures, personal attentions, treatment, physical outcome, social outcome and financial outcome. In the initial meeting, the patient presents part of her assessment, and attempts to discover how the practitioner is responding to her questions about the episode. Reasons for her not presenting all of her assessment include: embarrassment potential, inappropriateness of practitioner, relative importance of information, difficulty of expression and flustering and forgetting. To discover the practitioner's assessment the patient may resort to tactics of: the demand, the request, the leading question and simple observation. It may appear to her that the assessments share a congruity (confined or overlapping) or are in conflict (overlapping or total). The interactional patterns of the knowledges are: confirmatory, vacuum filling, additive, exclusionary and subtractive. Much of the subsequent interaction between the patient and practitioner is focused upon management of the discrepancies between the assessments.
Tubulin structure and biochemistry.

Abstract In the past year, much has been learned about structure-function correlations in the tubulin molecule, and specifically about the nature and roles of post-translational modifications and tubulin isotypes. The interactions between tubulin and its ligands — both microtubule-associated proteins and anti-mitotic drugs — are becoming clearer at the molecular level.
Habermas and the foundations of critical theory

(1987). Habermas and the foundations of critical theory. History of European Ideas: Vol. 8, No. 6, pp. 762-763.
Effects of plant diversity on the density and herbivory of the flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae Goeze, in California collard (Brassica oleracea) cropping systems.

Abstract Populations of the flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae Goeze (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae), were greater in weed-free collards than in collard monocultures and polycultures (intercropped with beans) left weedy for 2 or 4 weeks after transplanting or for the entire season. Flea beetle densities and amount of leaf damage per individual collard plant were significantly lower in the plots with crucifer weeds (mainly Brassica campestris L.), possibly because the beetles preferred to feed and/or concentrate on this plant rather than on collards.
Distributed amplifiers with paired-plate connections

It is shown that, in pairing the plates of a conventional distributed amplifier, it not only improves the frequency response but also the transient response. The transient response curves are normalized with respect to both amplitude and time, and may be applied to specific situations by resealing the axes. Also, a comparison with the conventional amplifier is presented.
A possible atmosphere for Pluto

Abstract At the temperature of Pluto (∼43°K) the only gas which would neither condense nor escape is neon. Since neon is cosmically abundant it is suggested that Pluto may have a fairly extensive atmosphere consisting of almost pure neon. The possibility that such an atmosphere exists is analyzed, along with the possibility that oceans of liquid neon may exist at the surface. A neon atmosphere would not produce any observable absorption lines. However, if it were very thick, then Rayleigh scattering would result in Pluto having a much higher albedo in the ultraviolet than in the visual, which is not observed to be the case. This enables us to set an upper limit on the mass of Pluto's atmosphere.
An inherently iterative algorithm for the Grzegorczyk hierarchy

Abstract Grzegorczyk (1953) defines a recursive hierarchy f i ( x ). The diagonal function f x ( x ) majorizes every primitive recursive function and gives an example of an effectively computable, nonprimitive recursive function. An iterative algorithm is presented which computes f ti ( x ). It has O( i ) space complexity and O( i · f i ( x )) time complexity, each of which is significantly better than the corresponding algorithm implemented directly from the recursive definition of the function.
Cytochrome b5 plays a key role in human microsomal chromium(VI) reduction

The reduction of chromium(VI) to Cr(III) results in the formation of reactive intermediates that contribute to the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of Cr(VI)-containing compounds. Previous studies suggest that human microsomal Cr(VI) reduction likely proceeds through cytochrome b(5). In order to better understand Cr(VI) toxicity in humans, the role of cytochrome b(5) in combination with P450 reductase was examined in the reductive transformation of Cr(VI). Proteoliposomes containing human recombinant cytochrome b(5) and P450 reductase were constructed. The ability of P450 reductase to mediate efficient electron transfer from NADPH to cytochrome b(5) was confirmed by spectral analysis. The NADPH-dependent Cr(VI) reduction rate mediated by proteoliposomes was then compared to that of human microsomes. When these rates were normalized to equivalent cytochrome b(5) concentrations, the NADPH-dependent Cr(VI) reduction rates mediated by human microsomes were essentially identical to those for proteoliposomes containing cytochrome b(5) plus P450 reductase. Proteoliposomes containing only P450 reductase or cytochrome b(5) exhibited poor Cr(VI) reducing capabilities. Since it had been previously shown that trace amounts of iron (Fe) could dramatically stimulate microsomal Cr(VI) reduction, the ability of Fe to stimulate Cr(VI) reduction by proteoliposomes was examined. Both ferric chloride (FeCl(3)) and ferric adenosine-5'-diphosphate (FeADP) were shown to stimulate Cr(VI) reduction; this stimulation could be abolished by the addition of deferoxamine, a specific Fe(III) chelator. The NADPH-dependent reduction rates of various ferric complexes by proteoliposomes were sufficient to account for the increased Cr(VI) reduction rates seen with the addition of FeCl(3) or FeADP. Cr(V) was detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy as a transient intermediate formed during NADPH-dependent Cr(VI) reduction mediated by proteoliposomes containing cytochrome b(5) and P450 reductase. Overall, cytochrome b(5) in combination with P450 reductase can account for the majority of the NADPH-dependent Cr(VI) reduction seen with human microsomes.
Plasmid determined nodulation and nitrogen fixation abilities in rhizobium phaseoli

InRhizobium phaseoli strain 8002, the 190 Md plasmid pRP2JI which determines the ability to produce nitrogen-fixing nodules onPhaseolus beans (Nod+ Fix+) and the production of melanin on L-tyrosine-containing media (Mel+), was shown to be transmissible by conjugation to otherRhizobium strains. When pRP2JI was transferred to Nod- strains ofR. leguminosarum (which normally nodulates peas) the transconjugants gained the ability to nodulatePhaseolus beans and to make melanin. Out of 187 derivatives of strain 8002 carrying pRP2JI plasmids into which the transposon Tn5 had been inserted, six were Fix- Nod+ Mel+, one was Fix- Nod+ Mel- and four were Fix+ Nod+ Mel-. Three other derivatives of strain 8002 were Nod- Mel-; these had suffered deletions of c 30 Md in pRP2JI. Thus the genes for melanin production and nodulation appear to be closely linked, but melanin production is not necessary for the induction of nitrogen-fixing nodules onPhaseolus beans.
Observations of wavelength and convection of electron cyclotron harmonics

In this report we will discuss recent determinations of wavelength and convection of Electron Cyclotron Harmonic (ECH) emissions as observed by the CRRES Plasma Wave Experiment (PWE). One motivation for this study is that these emissions may power the keV electron precipitation generating the diffuse aurora and so it is important to establish typical wave intensities. Problems encountered in doing this include wave attenuation because ECH wavelengths are typically close to the antenna length and the fact that it is difficult to study the effect of these waves on local electrons because of wave convection near the geomagnetic equator. We will also discuss a technique for approximating the emission wavelength with only one two-element electric dipole antenna.
THE INCIDENCE AND POSSIBLE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DRAWING OF FEMALE FIGURES BY SIXTH-GRADE BOYS IN RESPONSE TO THE DRAW-A-PERSON TEST.

On the basis of evidence collected in this study, it is concluded that: 1. A significantly larger proportion of the sixth-grade boys of this sample drew their self-sex than their opposite sex, a finding in agreement with most research studies dealing with the first response of male subjects to the DAP. 2. The occupational level of the principal wage-earner may be a factor related to the incidence of O-S drawings. 3. Influence on the personality development of the subject of absence or weakness of the father may be reflected by the O-S drawing in response to the DAP. 4. A sense of dependency or a feeling of being dominated seems to correlate with the O-S drawing. 5. A sense of physical and/or psychic inadequacy seems to correlate with the O-S drawing. 6. Less positive attitudes toward fathers correlate with O-S drawings than is true of makers of S-S drawings. 7. Mothers appear to dominate more in the families of boys who make O-S drawings than in the families of boys who make S-S drawings. 8. Teachers, as a group, do not recognize any differences between these two groups of subjects.
Prenatal Cigarette Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco Use Among Alaska Native and White Women in Alaska, 1996–2003

Objective To examine trends in prenatal cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco use among Alaska Native (AN) and white women in Alaska. Methods Using 1996–2003 data from the population-based Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, we determined trends in self-reported prenatal tobacco use among AN and white women and used chi-square tests and multiple variable logistic regression analysis to identify maternal factors associated with prenatal tobacco use. Results Over the study period, prevalence of any tobacco use during pregnancy declined by 27% among AN women (from 55.8 to 40.9%) (P < 0.0001) and by 17% among white women (from 18.8 to 15.6%) (P < 0.0001). In 2003, among AN women the prevalence of self-reported smokeless tobacco use was 16.9%, cigarette smoking was 25.7%, and any tobacco use was 40.9%; corresponding values for white women were 0.4, 15.0, and 15.6%, respectively. Western Alaska had the highest prevalence of tobacco use. Conclusion The prevalence of tobacco use decreased between 1996 and 2003, but remained higher among AN women than white women, especially for smokeless tobacco. Support for cessation interventions targeting pregnant women should be made a public health priority in Alaska.
Multi-projector displays using camera-based registration

Conventional projector-based display systems are typically designed around precise and regular configurations of projectors and display surfaces. While this results in rendering simplicity and speed, it also means painstaking construction and ongoing maintenance. In previously published work, we introduced a vision of projector-based displays constructed from a collection of casually-arranged projectors and display surfaces. In this paper, we present flexible yet practical methods for realizing this vision, enabling low-cost mega-pixel display systems with large physical dimensions, higher resolution, or both. The techniques afford new opportunities to build personal 3D visualization systems in offices, conference rooms, theaters, or even your living room. As a demonstration of the simplicity and effectiveness of the methods that we continue to perfect, we show in the included video that a 10-year old child can construct and calibrate a two-camera, two-projector, head-tracked display system, all in about 15 minutes.