cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The genus Plinthisus Stephens in the Australian Region (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)

Fifteen species of Plinthisus are reported from Australia, all of them previously undescribed. The new species are: P. woodwardi, P. australiensis, P. tasmaniensis, P. kangarooensis, P. acrocephalus, P. nudus, P. sericeus, P. platycephalus, P. mullewa, P. dampieris, P. reticulatus, P. tindalis, P. flindersi, P. bassianus and P. grossi. P. woodwardi is also reported from New Zealand. The species are segregated into five groups. Their distributions within Australia and relationships to Oriental, African and South American taxa are discussed. A key to species is included. Plinthisus tineoides (Distant), an Oriental species, is redescribed and Locutius atratus Distant, 1918 and Locutius pallescens Distant, 1918 placed as junior synonyms. The ecological habitats and host plant relationships of P. australiensis, P. nudus, P. bassianus and P. grossi are discussed. Descriptions of nymphs are given for P. woodwardi, P. australiensis and P. grossi. Sixty figures are included illustrating dorsal views, spermatheca, metathoracic scent gland areas, eggs, wings, aedeagus, sperm reservoirs, parameres and abdominal details.
Mad Artists and Tattooed Perverts: Deviant Discourse and the Social Construction of Cultural Categories

ABSTRACT American tattoo history confirms that definitions of deviancy are always in flux. Until the last two decades of the twentieth century, academics recognized tattooing as a semiotic representation of pathology and deviancy. Recently, tattooing was designated as a meaningful way to modify the body and a valuable cultural form. Much like the social construction of the aesthetic category of asylum art, some institutional experts are currently redrawing tattoo as aesthetically legitimate. The historical developments of asylum art and tattoo art are juxtaposed to elucidate how institutional discourses and structural changes effect the categorization of both individuals and the objects they produce. Emphasis is placed on how cultural boundaries shift over time, illustrating the relativity of deviance, changing conceptions of art, and the recently elevated status of tattoo within some milieus.
Recent Trends in Nonmetropolitan Migration: Toward a New Turnaround?

An attempt is made to review migration trends in the United States over the past 30 years. The emphasis is on changes in migration patterns between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. "Annual net migration estimates are examined, considering the changing metropolitan-nonmetropolitan differential, and differences across geographic and functional county types in nonmetropolitan areas. Some differences stand out across the 24-year period, but the most notable finding is the widespread nature of the turnaround, the reversal, and the current recovery. There are differences between the present and the 1970s, but a trend toward greater retention and/or acquisition of people in rural and small town areas is clear."
From acids to osmZ: multiple factors influence synthesis of the OmpF and OmpC porins in Escherichia coli

In Escherichia coli, levels of the two major outer membrane porin proteins, OmpF and OmpC, are regulated in response to a variety of environmental parameters, and numerous factors have been shown to influence porin synthesis. EnvZ and OmpR control porin-gene transcription in response to osmolarity, and the antisense RNA, MicF, influences ompF translation. In contrast to these characterized factors, some of the components reported to influence porin expression have only modest effects and/or act indirectly. For others, potential regulatory roles, although intriguing, remain elusive. Here we review many of the components that have been reported to influence porin expression, address the potential regulatory nature of these components, and discuss how they may contribute to a regulatory network controlling porin synthesis.
Pilates and Physical Education: A Natural Fit

(2004). Pilates and Physical Education: A Natural Fit. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 75, No. 4, pp. 34-37.
MODULATION OF MITOGEN-INDEPENDENT HEPATOCYTE PROLIFERATION DURING THE PERINATAL PERIOD IN THE RAT

Late gestation fetal rat hepatocytes can proliferate under defined in vitro conditions in the absence of added mitogens. However, this capacity declines with advancing gestational age of the fetus from which the hepatocytes are derived. The present studies were undertaken to investigate this change in fetal hepatocyte growth regulation. Examination of E19 fetal hepatocyte primary cultures using immunocytochemistry for 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation showed that approximately 80% of these cells traverse S-phase of the cell cycle over the first 48 h in culture. Similarly, 65% of E19 hepatocytes maintained in culture under defined mitogen-free conditions for 24 h showed nuclear expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). These in vitro findings correlated with a high level of immunoreactive PCNA in immunofluorescent analyses of E19 liver. In contrast, E21 (term) liver showed little immunoreactive PCNA. The in vivo finding was recapitulated by in vitro studies showing that E21 hepatocytes had low levels of BrdU incorporation during the first day in culture and were PCNA negative shortly after isolation. However, within 12 h of plating, E21 hepatocytes showed cytoplasmic staining for PCNA. Although maintained under mitogen-free conditions, PCNA expression progressed synchronously to a nucleolar staining pattern at 24 to 48 h in culture followed by intense, diffuse nuclear staining at 60 h which disappeared by 72 h. This apparently synchronous cell cycle progression was confirmed by studies showing peak BrdU incorporation on the third day in culture. Whereas DNA synthesis by both E19 and E21 hepatocytes was potentiated by transforming growth factor α (TGFα), considerable mitogen-independent DNA synthesis was seen in hepatocytes from both gestational ages. These results may indicate that fetal hepatocytes come under the influence of an exogenous, in vivo growth inhibitory factor as term approaches and that this effect is relieved when term fetal hepatocytes are cultured.
High-resolution electron microscopy of structural features at the interface

Abstract High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM) allows observation of interface morphology at close to the atomic level. Careful examination of the images yields a wealth of information about the structure studied. Cross-sectional micrographs through a silicon/silicon dioxide/polysilicon structure are presented here, showing interface roughness at the substrate/oxide boundary. The various image features in each region are elucidated. HREM provides a precise method for measuring film thickness and determining the structural uniformity of the oxide and its interfaces. The temptation to regard electron micrographs as two-dimensional slices through the material should, however, be resisted; we briefly discuss the superposition effects that may result from finite sample thickness.
Risk premia and the pricing of primary issue bonds

Abstract Researchers investigating the impact of various economic or regulatory changes on debt securities have generally employed two types of bond pricing models: the absolute yield or the relative yield model. This paper explores the behavioral implications of these two models and provides a theoretical and empirical examination of the contrasting specifications. Evidence is presented that suggests the relative yield model to be the more appropriate specification.
Ribosomal Proteins S27E, P2, and L37A from Marine Invertebrates.

Single complementary DNAs encoding sequences for 40S ribosomal proteins related to S27E from the American lobster Homarus americanus and mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis were characterized. Single genes for ribosomal proteins L37A and P2 from the gumboot chiton Cryptochiton stellerii are similarly described. The lobster S27E protein contains the highly conserved cysteine residues, suggesting its likely designation in the C4 protein family containing zinc finger motifs. The lobster S27E protein also appears to have an intermediate gene copy number between lower and higher euckaryotes. Expression of the S27E protein in lobster hepatopancreas was slightly elevated during several postmolt and premolt stages. Chlorinated pesticide treatment significantly reduced S27E expression in hepatopancreas, indicating that this gene is responsive to endogenous and exogenous cues.
Breakdown of Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase and Change in Proteolytic Activity during Dark-induced Senescence of Wheat Seedlings

When 8-day-old wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L. var. Chris) are placed in the dark the fully expanded primary leaves undergo the normal changes associated with senescence, for example, loss of chlorophyll, soluble protein, and photosynthetic capacity (Wittenbach 1977 Plant Physiol. 59: 1039-1042). Senescence in this leaf is completely reversible when plants are transferred to the light during the first 2 days, but thereafter it becomes an irreversible process. During the reversible stage of senescence the loss of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) quantitated immunochemically, accounted for 80% of the total loss of soluble protein. There was no significant change in RuBPCase activity per milligram of antibody-recognized carboxylase during this stage despite an apparent decline in specific activity on a milligram of soluble protein basis. With the onset of the irreversible stage of senescence there was a rapid decline in activity per milligram of carboxylase, suggesting a loss of active sites. There was no increase in total proteolytic activity during the reversible stage of senescence despite the loss of carboxylase, indicating that this initial loss was not due to an increase in total activity. An 80% increase in proteolytic activity was correlated with the onset of the irreversible stage and the rapid decline in RuBPCase activity per milligram of carboxylase. Delaying senescence with zeatin reduced the rate of loss of carboxylase and delayed both the onset of the irreversible stage and the increase in proteolytic activity to the same degree, suggesting that these events are closely related. The main proteinases present in wheat and responsible for the increase in activity are the thiol proteinases. These proteinases have a high affinity for RuBPCase, exhibiting an apparent K m at 38 C of 1.8 × 10 −7 m. The K m for casein was 1.1 × 10 −6 m. If casein is representative of noncarboxylase protein, then the higher affinity for carboxylase may provide an explanation for its apparent preferential loss during the reversible stage of senescence.
Consumers' Restaurant Choice Behavior and the Impact of Socio-Economic and Demographic Factors

ABSTRACT This study investigates economic and socio-demographic factors influencing food facility choice for an evening meal. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted using data from the 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) and the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey (DHKS). Results indicate that income, age, household size, household composition (presence of a young child), urbanization, day of the week, and season of the year affect the choice of a particular foodservice facility for an evening meal. The demand for evening meals at full-service restaurants is likely to increase due to the aging of “baby boomers,” increasing household income, and decreasing household size. Quick-service restaurants, as they strive to maintain and grow market share, might consider focusing on the needs of households with young children.
A preliminary investigation of the relationship between message organization and listener comperehension

Previous studies utilizing random paragraph order as an operational definition for message disorganization have concluded that order is not an important variable with respect to listener comprehension. However, investigations randomizing the order of sentences have concluded that order is a determinant of comprehension. The present study indicates that these inconsistent findings are not necessarily a function of the difference in operational definitions.
The Politics Of Health Reform: Why Do Bad Things Happen To Good Plans?

ABSTRACT: This paper examines political feasibility and its implications for health reform. I discuss the political obstacles to health reform in the United States, disentangling perennial barriers...
Production and isolation of anti-idiotypic B cells

Techniques are described for the production of anti-idiotypic B cells by immunization with idiotypic antibodies complexed to rheumatoid factor. Screening for anti-idiotypic antibody production and immunoaffinity isolation of the B cells, actively producing the anti-idiotype antibody, by idiotypic antibody-coated magnetic beads is described. This methodology can be used to isolate anti-idiotypic B cells for immune regulation studies or to provide fusion partners for the production of monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies.
Family Process Variables in the NLSY97: A Primer

The current report addresses several issues regarding family process measures in the NLSY97. We draw particular attention to the numerous sampling strategies available, the strengths and weaknesses of each strategy, the nature of missingness among variables dependent on sampling strategy, and the issue of nonindependence associated with sibling respondents in some, but not all, families sampled. We also include a description of four key variables created to describe variations in the family process measures by gender, race, family income, and family structure.
The therapeutic relationship in cognitive-behavioral therapy: Patient perceptions and therapist responses

A working relationship between the patient and therapist is an essential part of any psychotherapy, yet few guidelines exist for this component of cognitivebehavioral treatment. Findings of therapy process and outcome research suggest that the therapeutic relationship strongly influences treatment results, and that interpersonal factors and technical applications interact in forming an effective alliance. Considering the perspective of the patient, we identify general expectations and individual differences that can have an impact on the therapeutic relationship. Individual differences are discussed in four areas of clinical interest: situational concerns; the effects of Axis I psychiatric disorders; sociocultural influences; and personality structure and schemas. Efforts to understand the patients' perspective, based on an analysis of general expectations and individual differences, can assist therapists in optimizing the relationship component of cognitivebehavioral therapy.
Similarity transformation for explosions in two-component plasmas with thermal energy and heat-flux relaxation

The nonlinear partial differential equations describing plane, cylindrical, and spherical explosions in a fully ionized electron-ion plasma with heat-flux relaxation and thermal relaxation are reduced to ordinary differential equations by means of novel similarity transformations. The resulting ordinary boundary-value problem for the plasma explosion, with the strong shock conditions as boundary values at the moving shock front, is formulated mathematically. The scaling laws for the plasma fields are presented which show how the plasma properties change with time during the course of the explosion. The importance of electron and ion heat-flux relaxation, which enhances the concentration of thermal energy behind the shock front, is stressed for the understanding of the shock-heating mechanism in fast processes. It is concluded that heat-flux relaxation is an important process for short-time plasma explosions, which determines the discontinuity of the electron and ion temperature fields at the shock front. (AIP)
Contrasts of nitrapyrin, dicyandiamide, and iso‐butylidene diurea effects on total inorganic soil nitrogen

Abstract While much research has been done with nitrification inhibitors, little information exists on their effects on total inorganic soil nitrogen (N) (TISN) (NH4 +‐N + NO3 ‐‐N). The objective of this study was to compare the effects of 2‐chloro‐6‐(trichloromethyl)‐pyridine (nitrapyrin) and dicyandiamide (DCD) on TISN concentrations and to compare the effects of the nitrification inhibitors with those of IBDU, a slow release N source. Effects of the three N‐amendments were compared in soil planted to potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Atlantic). Treatments were combinations of N at 67, 134, and 202 kg/ha; and five N‐amendments, nitrapyrin at 0.56 and 1.12 kg/ha, DCD at 5.6 and 11.2 kg/ha, and isobutylidene diurea (IBDU) applied as one‐third of fertilizer N. Studies were conducted on an Arenic ochraqualf, a Grossarenic Paleudult, and a Grossarenic Paleaquult. Concentrations of TISN were influenced by nitrapyrin rate in five of sixteen year‐ location‐sampling date combinations. Of the five, all involved in...
Metabolic pathways coupled to H+ transport in turtle urinary bladder.

Active H+ transport in the turtle urinary bladder is mediated by an ATPase. Although the source of ATP is usually mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, it is possible because of intracellular compartmentalization or cellular heterogeneity that one metabolic pathway exclusively provides ATP to the pump. To examine this we performed several types of experiments. In one, the coupling between the rate of transport and the rate of oxidation of14C-labeled substrates was studied. We found that there was coupling between H+ transport and glucose, butyrate, oleate, and β-OH-butyrate oxidation. In another set of experiments we depleted turtle bladders of their endogenous substrates and tested the effect of a number of substrates on the rate of transport. We found that glucose, pyruvate, lactate, actetate, butyrate and β-OH butyrate all stimulated H+ transport. In a third set of experiments we found no coupling between H+ transport and lactate production. Finally, we found that reduction of H+ transport by mucosal acidification resulted in an increase in epithelial cell ATP concentrations and a decrease in ADP levels. These results suggest that the H+ pump receives its ATP from carbohydrate and fatty acid oxidation. The changes in ATP and ADP levels provide an initial explanation for the coupling of H+ transport to the rate of cellular oxidative metabolism.
A scanning electron microscope study of the developing embryo of Manduca sexta (L.) (Lepidoptera : Sphingidae)

Abstract Scanning electron microscopy of the developing Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera : Sphingidae) embryo reveals that the body wall of the insect undergoes considerable morphogenesis beginning at 20 hr post-oviposition. The elongated 19 hr embryo contracts in length, which gives rise to the formation of rudimentary segments. By 33 hr, many of the appendage anlagen are visible, the presumptive spiracles appear as bifurcate pits and the proctodeum begins invagination. During this same period, prior to katatrepsis, the body walls become established, and the segments and appendages develop. Between 50 and 60 hr post-oviposition, involution of the oral cavity and reorientation of the associated gnathal appendages occurs. During this same period, katatrepsis and provisional dorsal closure take place. Developmental polarity is evident as a distinctive wave of specialization proceeding posterior to anterior in the thorax/abdomen, and anterior to posterior in the head. Configuration of the oral cavity is strikingly prognathous until just prior to eclosion. Two embryonic molts are apparent, as determined by the remnants of ecdysed “embryonic cuticles”.
Contrasting selection pressures on components of the Ras-mediated signal transduction pathway in Drosophila.

The molecular genetics of several signal transduction pathways is well characterized, providing an opportunity to address the nature of the population genetic forces acting on functionally related suites of pleiotropic regulatory genes. Signal transduction is the process by which signals are transmitted from the cell surface to the nucleus or other cellular structures. It plays a fundamental role in regulating a wide range of developmental and physiological processes, many of which are likely to be subject to buffering mechanisms. Here we infer that contrasting selection pressures act on six components of the Ras signal transduction pathway by comparing sequences obtained from 25 alleles of Drosophila melanogaster with one allele of the sibling species D. simulans . The three most upstream components of the cascade, Ras , Drk and polehole , experience strong purifying selection, as they show no fixed amino acid differences between the species and just a handful of rare replacement polymorphisms within D. melanogaster . This portion of the pathway is likely to act as a control point in signal transduction, because the more downstream components Dsor1 , corkscrew and Ksr , each show several amino acid replacements between the species. Furthermore, Ksr is nearly monomorphic within D. melanogaster , and application of the HKA and McDonald and Kreitman tests indicate that this gene may have experienced a recent selective sweep, suggesting that modifiers of Ras kinase signalling are the most likely source of quantitative variation associated with this core regulatory pathway.
Synchronous Bursts of Neuronal Activity in the Developing Hippocampus: Modulation by Active Sleep and Association with Emerging Gamma and Theta Rhythms

The neonatal hippocampus exhibits regularly recurring waves of synchronized neuronal activity in vitro. Because active sleep (AS), characterized by bursts of phasic motor activity in the form of myoclonic twitching, may provide conditions that are conducive to activity-dependent development of hippocampal circuits, we hypothesized that the waves of synchronous neuronal activity that have been observed in vitro would be associated with AS-related twitching. Using unanesthetized 1- to 12-d-old rats, we report here that the majority of neurons in CA1 and the dentate gyrus (DG) are significantly more active during AS than during either quiet sleep or wakefulness. Neuronal activity typically occurs in phasic bursts, during which most neurons are significantly cross-correlated both within and across the CA1 and DG fields. All AS-active neurons increase their firing rates during periods of myoclonic twitching of the limbs, and a subset of these neurons exhibit a burst of activity immediately after limb twitches, suggesting that the twitches themselves provide sensory feedback to the infant hippocampus, as occurs in the infant spinal cord and neocortex. Finally, the synchronous bursts of neuronal activity are coupled to the emergence of the AS-related hippocampal gamma rhythm during the first postnatal week, as well as the emergence of the AS-related theta rhythm during the second postnatal week. We hypothesize that the phasic motor events of active sleep provide the developing hippocampus with discrete sensory stimulation that contributes to the development and refinement of hippocampal circuits as well as the development of synchronized interactions between hippocampus and neocortex.
Performance assessment of steel–concrete composite bridges with subsurface deck deterioration

Abstract In-service composite steel girder bridges typically experience a variety of deterioration mechanisms during their service lives, ranging from cracking, spalls, and delaminations in the reinforced concrete deck to corrosion in the steel girders. To date, several inspection techniques and novel technologies have been widely implemented to identify and measure different sources of defects associated with bridge systems, especially within the concrete deck. Despite successful implementation of these evaluation methodologies, what transportation agencies still lack is a fundamental understanding of the system-level behavior and the potential impact of the identified deterioration conditions on the overall performance of these bridges. In this paper, the impact of corrosion-induced subsurface deck delamination on the overall behavior and performance of steel–concrete composite bridges is investigated using finite element simulation and analysis. The accuracy and validity of the modeling approaches were assessed through a comparison to experimental data available in literature. A sensitivity study was performed to investigate the influence of deck deterioration on the system-level performance, load distribution behavior, and failure characteristics of two representative composite steel girder bridges. One of the selected structures is a full-scale laboratory bridge model, while the other one is an actual in-service structure with geometrical characteristics that represents typical features of steel girder bridges in Virginia. The selected damage scenarios included variations in different geometrical characteristics such as location and depth of damage, as well as degradation in material properties at the corresponding damaged areas. In addition to the bridge system behavior, the impact of rebar corrosion and subsurface delamination on the behavior of individual deck systems was investigated; while its implication on the current design methodologies for reinforced concrete decks was evaluated. Results from this investigation demonstrate that the deck deterioration has minimal impact on the overall system behavior and the path to failure of the selected structures, but may impact the failure characteristics in the form of reductions in the ultimate load-carrying capacity and system ductility.
Rearing environmental influences on religiousness: An investigation of adolescent adoptees

Religiousness is widely considered to be a culturally transmitted trait. However, twin studies suggest that religiousness is genetically influenced in adulthood, although largely environmentally influenced in childhood/adolescence. We examined genetic and environmental influences on a self-report measure of religiousness in a sample consisting of 284 adoptive families (two adopted adolescent siblings and their rearing parents); 208 biological families (two full biological adolescent siblings and their parents); and 124 mixed families (one adopted and one biological adolescent sibling and their parents). A sibling-family model was fit to the data to estimate genetic, shared environmental, and nonshared environmental effects on religiousness, as well as cultural transmission and assortative mating effects. Religiousness showed little evidence of heritability and large environmental effects, which did not vary significantly by gender. This finding is consistent with the results of twin studies of religiousness in adolescent and preadolescent samples.
The convulsant effects of kainic acid microinjections into cerebral cortex are concentration but not laminar dependent.

Abstract The direct excitatory glutamate analog, kainic acid, when injected into different layers of the cat visual cortex, has two effects on this tissue that are fundamentally different from those exerted by the disinhibitory agents penicillin, bicuculline, and strychnine. First, both concentration-dependent suppression and convulsant activity was seen. Second, these concentration-dependent influences were produced effectively in each cortical layer challenged despite a reported preferential localization of kainic acid receptors to layer 6. In contrast, the disinhibitory agents generally produce only convulsant effects, do so in a laminar-specific manner, and at significantly lower concentrations in intact brain (i.e., 50 μ M vs 15 m M ). These results suggest that kainic acid, in the concentrations employed here, has a generalized excitatory effect on all cortical circuitry and that it's convulsant influences are nonspecific and less potent than those of the inhibitory blockers. Further, a common neural trait shared by these different modes of epileptogenesis is discussed.
Degradation and Buckling of I-Beams under Cyclic Pure Bending

This paper presents experimental and numerical results of the elasticplastic response and buckling of S3 x 5.7 steel and aluminum I-beams subjected to cyclic pure bending. A special 4-point bending device was designed and built for this purpose. The emphasis of the work is on the description of the response and buckling of the beams. The numerical results were obtained using a commercial finite element program that implements the nonlinear kinematic hardening plasticity model. Results indicate that the beams considered, most of which had length-to-height ratio of 5, buckled first in a global mode involving either twisting or lateral deflections of the beams. The prevailing deflection mode seems to be determined by the nature of the initial geometric imperfections. The deformations induced by the global deflections could induce a local buckle at mid-span. The finite element predictions yield results that qualitatively reproduce the development of most of the aspects of the response of the beams, but generally at a slower rate.
Anisotropic diffusion of color images

A new approach for anisotropic diffusion processing of color images is proposed. The main idea of the algorithm is to facilitate diffusion of the image in the direction parallel to color edges. The direction of maximal and minimal color change at each point is computed using the first fundamental form of the image in (L*a*b*) color space. The image (Phi) evolves according to an anisotropic diffusion flow given by (delta) (Phi) /(delta) t equals g((lambda) +, (lambda) -)(delta) 2(Phi) /(delta) (xi) 2, where (xi) is the direction of minimal color change. The diffusion coefficient, g((lambda) +, (lambda) -), is a function of the eigenvalues of the first fundamental form, which represent the maximal and minimal rates of color change. Examples for real color images are presented.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A lanthanide phosphinidene complex: synthesis, structure, and phospha-Wittig reactivity.

The first lanthanide complex featuring a phosphinidene functional group has been prepared and isolated. Preliminary reactivity studies demonstrate that the lutetium(III) phosphinidene complex, [{2-(iPr2P)-4-Me-C6H3}2NLu]2(μ-PMes)2, behaves as a phospha-Wittig reagent with aldehydes and ketones to give the corresponding phosphaalkenes. Attempts to use the bulky phosphine H2P-2,4,6-tBu3-C6H2 to kinetically stabilize a terminal phosphinidene resulted in C−H activation of an ortho-tBu group and formation of a phosphaindole.
Abstract 1259: Gut microbiota and mucosal inflammation and colorectal neoplasia

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Chronic inflammation has been linked to colorectal neoplasia. More recent studies also implicate imbalances in the gut microbiota (bacteria) CRC. We sought to understand the relationship between the gut microbiota, mucosal inflammation and colorectal adenomas, CRC precursors. We hypothesized that the gut microbiota promotes inflammation via activation of mucosal immune cells to elevate adenoma risk. We examined the relationship between adherent gut bacteria, mucosal immune cells, namely T cells (CD4+ and CD8+), macrophages (CD11b+) and natural killer cells (CD57+) and adenomas in a case control study. Methods: Participants were consenting screening colonoscopy patients at UNC Hospitals without history or diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. Subjects were defined as cases (n=42) or controls (n=35) based on the presence or absence of adenomas. High throughput deep sequencing method was used to assess the microbiota in normal colonic mucosa of cases and controls. Immune cells were assessed by immunohistochemistry and automated image analysis using Aperio software. Differences in microbiota abundance or mucosal immune cell numbers between cases and controls were evaluated by t-tests. Diversity was measured by Shannon diversity. Correlation between bacteria and immune cells was performed using Spearman9s correlation. Results: Cases had higher WHR than controls (p=0.0001). No difference was observed for age, sex, BMI among cases and controls. The abundance of several bacteria taxa differed significantly between cases and controls. We observed a positive relationship between mucosal immune cell density and adenomas. In particular, CD 4+ density and CD4/CD8 ratio were higher in cases than controls (CD4; 1.44 case, 0.69 control p = 0.001; CD4/CD8 1.66 case, 0.56 control, p= 0.002). There were no statistically significant differences in CD 57+, CD11b or CD 8+ cell density between cases and controls. The correlation patterns between the gut microbiota and immune cells differed markedly for cases and controls. There was a positive correlation between Proteobacteria and CD4 or CD4/CD8+ cells among cases but not controls. Conclusions: our results suggest that the gut bacteria and immune cells are interacting differently depending on adenoma status. These findings suggest activation of mucosal immune cells by bacteria may promote local inflammation and contribute to the etiology of colorectal cancer. Citation Format: Temitope O. Keku, Romin Bonakdar, Felix Araujo Perez, Amber N. McCoy, Patrick Edmundson, Kevin Smith. Gut microbiota and mucosal inflammation and colorectal neoplasia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1259. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1259
A fluid mixing model for copper mineralization at Konkola North, Zambian Copperbelt

Geochemical and petrographic data from the Konkola North deposit of the Zambian Copperbelt permits construction of a basement topography-driven fluid mixing model for mineralization. In this drill-core based study, the basement topography is inferred from the topography at the top of the footwall. Petrographic evidence suggests mineralization was a relatively late event and we have therefore assumed that present day basin floor topography is roughly similar to that at the time of mineralization. The basement topography appears to have controlled cross-strata migration of mineralizing fluids and to have induced fluid mixing that resulted in Cu mineralization, as well as in deposition of barite and other non-ore minerals. For the portion of the basin sampled, the footwall, and by inference the basement, shows considerable relief, with the deepest part of the basin on the southeastern end of the line of cores sampled. Following the line of cores to the Northwest, the footwall rises sharply to a local high and then drops into a local low before rising on the basin flank. Geochemical and petrographic data suggest that an oxidizing fluid enriched in Cu, Ba, K, and possibly Co migrated laterally within the footwall from the deep basin toward the basin flank. As the footwall and basement rose, the footwall fluid was forced upward into the Ore Shale horizons. Another fluid, likely a reducing one carrying H2S, traveled at a higher stratigraphic level and may have sunk into the Ore Shale horizons where the basin floor fell. Mixing between the two fluids in the vicinity of the lowest Ore Shale horizon resulted in sulphide mineralization. The fluid mixing also appears to be demarcated by barite immediately above or below the sulphide mineralization. The barite is generally below the base of the Ore Shale where falling basement topography permitted the upper fluid to sink and above where rising topography may have driven the footwall fluid upward to meet the upper fluid. Barite is rare above the basement highs, suggesting that the upper fluid may have been largely forced higher than the Ore Shale. Mineralization is strong above basement highs, but is dominated by more oxidized phases, not by sulphides common deeper in the basin. Both mineralization and barite are scarce between the local basement high and the high flank, suggesting that the footwall fluid, forced upward on the high, did not fully descend into the local low. In general, mineralization is stronger where basement topography is rising or high and weaker in the basement lows. It is likely that more than one episode of fluid flow has affected the basin and that the model presented is simplistic, but it may still provide useful insight into the possible relationship between basement topography and mineralization for this deposit and possibly others in the Copperbelt.
Iconography And Identity: Syrian Elements In The Art Of Crusader Cyprus

The murals of triumphal arch in the Church of the Panagia Phorbiotissa, Cyprus, painted in the late thirteenth century when Cyprus was a Crusader state, adopt an iconography paralleled not in Byzantium but in the Miaphysite churches of the Syrian and Egyptian mainland, and best analyzed in relation to Miaphysite liturgical exegesis. As such, they suggest three revisions to current ways of thinking about the roles of Cyprus and the mainland in shaping the art of the Crusader era: 1) rather than for a 'maniera cypria' or a 'maniera tripolitana', we must look for an intricate, two-way reciprocity; 2) it is a reciprocity not simply between Cyprus and the mainland Crusader states, but between Cyprus and the far larger terrain of Syrian and Egyptian eastern Christendom; and 3) it engages not only style but also iconography and content.
FISH PRODUCTION AND COMMUNITY METABOLISM IN AN ORGANICALLY FERTILIZED FISH POND

Fish production and community metabolism were monitored from March 1 to October 12, 1979, in an organically fertilized fish pond. Six hundred l/ha/min of warm water, simulating condenser cooling water from a steam-electric power plant, was diverted into the pond to optimize fish production and lengthen the growing season. Liquid swine manure was added daily to the pond at a mean dry matter loading rate of 61 kg/ha/day. Two species of tilapia and 3 species of Asiatic carp were stocked at a combined density of 15,400/ha. In September, fish density was reduced to 6,625/ha. Net fish production after 213 days of culture was equivalent to 7,200 kg/ha. Community metabolism values (minimum-maximum, mean) expressed as gO2/m2/day were: gross primary production (9.2–45.5, 22.1), net primary production (5.9–17.4, 10.4), and community respiration (8.2–46.6, 22.1). From June to September, a negative correlation existed between fish standing crop and primary production. Net primary production during afternoon hours averaged 32% less than production during morning hours. Seasonal and daily changes in primary production are discussed in relation to fish standing crop and fish grazing pressure.
Open Educational Resources in India's National Development

As India marches rapidly towards an ambitious agenda of economic and social advancement, one of the greatest challenges it faces is to provide extensive access to quality higher education opportunities. An evident and expanding Open Education Resources movement offers great promise for meeting this challenge through initiatives that make quality tools, content and practice widely available. Accordingly, India’s National Knowledge Commission launched a process to explore and leverage these initiatives for adoption and adaptation, as well as to serve as a model for further indigenous efforts. This paper outlines issues and recommendations that address organisational considerations and infrastructure readiness as part of a systemic and sustainable strategy to make effective use of Open Educational Resources for scaling educational opportunity and excellence in the Indian context.
Optimum Detection of an Optical Image on a Photoelectric Surface

The detection of an optical image in the presence of uniform background light is based on a likelihood ratio formed of the numbers of photoelectrons emitted from small elements of a photoelectric surface onto which the image is focused. When diffraction is negligible and the surface has unit quantum efficiency, this detector is equipollent with the optimum detector of the image-forming light. Its performance is compared with that of the threshold detector and that of a detector basing its decisions on the total number of photoelectrons from a finite area of the image. The illuminance of the image is postulated to have a Gaussian spatial distribution. All three detectors exhibit nearly the same reliability.
Organizational learning and environmental impact assessment at Colombia's Cauca Valley Corporation

Abstract During the 1976–1993 period, the design and implementation of the environmental impact assessment (EIA) program of the Corporacion Autonoma Regional del Valle del Cauca (Cauca Valley Corporation, hereafter CVC or “the Corporation”) were affected by “learning by imitating” and “learning by doing.” Learning by imitating took place when CVC copied the use of the Leopold Matrix, an EIA procedure popular in the US during the 1970s. Learning by doing occurred in 1979 when the Corporation held public hearings to discuss the site for a controversial factory in Caloto. CVC's experience demonstrates that organizational learning with respect to EIA can help an organization meet its own goals, but that learning does not necessarily lead to environmental improvements. The use of the Leopold Matrix summarized the judgements of technical experts, but it frequently did not inform decision-making. For 13 years after the public meetings for the factory in Caloto, CVC avoided involving the public in its EIA work.
Harmonic Wavelet Transform and Image Approximation

In 2006, Saito and Remy proposed a new transform called the Laplace Local Sine Transform (LLST) in image processing as follows. Let f be a twice continuously differentiable function on a domain ?. First we approximate f by a harmonic function u such that the residual component v=f?u vanishes on the boundary of ?. Next, we do the odd extension for v, and then do the periodic extension, i.e. we obtain a periodic odd function v *. Finally, we expand v * into Fourier sine series. In this paper, we propose to expand v * into a periodic wavelet series with respect to biorthonormal periodic wavelet bases with the symmetric filter banks. We call this the Harmonic Wavelet Transform (HWT). HWT has an advantage over both the LLST and the conventional wavelet transforms. On the one hand, it removes the boundary mismatches as LLST does. On the other hand, the HWT coefficients reflect the local smoothness of f in the interior of ?. So the HWT algorithm approximates data more efficiently than LLST, periodic wavelet transform, folded wavelet transform, and wavelets on interval. We demonstrate the superiority of HWT over the other transforms using several standard images.
Credit and Blame in Ethnographic Publishing.

The question of preserving anonymity in data presentation is more complicated than has usually been assumed. While the standard rule has been to disguise the names and identity of one’s research subjects in order to protect them from potential blame by associates and strangers, such a strategy also prevents them from receiving credit. Circumstances may exist in which the disguise of research subjects is undesirable, particularly with their informed consent.
Individual differences in susceptibility to misinformation effects and hindsight bias.

ABSTRACT.The present study examined individual differences in susceptibility to two similar forms of memory distortion: the misinformation effect and hindsight bias. The misinformation effect occurs when individuals witness an event, are provided with misinformation, and recall the original event as containing elements of the misinformation. Hindsight bias occurs when individuals make judgments, are provided with feedback, and recall their original judgments as being more similar to the feedback than they actually were. Seventy-five participants completed a misinformation task, a hindsight bias task, and several individual difference measures related to memory distortions. Working memory capacity was negatively correlated with the misinformation effect and hindsight bias, and the misinformation effect and hindsight bias were negatively correlated with one another. Although the misinformation effect and hindsight bias are measured with similar designs, and both are predicted by working memory capacity, the...
Ictal Patterns in Generalized Epilepsy

Ictal EEG may be of great benefit in facilitating accurate classification of the underlying seizure disorder in some patients and thus guiding further investigation and management. Ictal recordings in patients with generalized epilepsies are protean in their manifestations and yet may have considerable overlap. Classification is only possible through careful synthesis of all available clinical and electrophysiological data. Although the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of the generalized epilepsies remain uncertain, evidence from EEG recordings tends to support Gloor's concept of corticoreticular epilepsy.
N+ values for alpha nucleophiles correlate with IP(g)values

Abstract N + values are found to correlate with verical gas phase ionization potentials in alpha nucleophiles.
Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome and Pectoralis Minor Syndrome

A 30-year-old woman presented with complaints of pain in her neck, right shoulder, right trapezius, right anterior chest wall, right axilla, right arm, elbow, and forearm; occipital headaches every other day; numbness and tingling in all fingers of the right hand, worse in the fourth and fifth fingers; aggravation of her symptoms when elevating her arms, especially to comb or blow dry her hair or drive a car; weakness of her right hand and dropping coffee cups; and coldness and color changes in her right hand. The symptoms had been present for 1 year and began following a rear-end collision.
Writing without the «Protection of Angels»: notes from the Middle Voice

El proceso de adaptacion al que se someten las mujeres que crecen en comunidades religiosas «estrictas» tiene a menudo consecuencias severas e incluso inesperadas. Sin embargo, se estan produciendo muchos cambios en las comunidades Amish y Mennonitas y uno de los mas importantes es el ingreso de estudiantes Mennonitas, particularmente mujeres, en la universidad. Escribiendo desde una perspectiva contextual, declaro para las mujeres Amish y Mennonitas una identidad que esta situada un contexto social y local especifico, en un tiempo y en un lugar particulares. A traves de esta perspectiva, realizo una critica de esta comunidad que solo es posible mediante el uso de mi «voz intermedia» �la voz que intermedia y pacta entre mi comunidad de origen y mi comunidad academica� itan importante en las fusiones y en los choques entre estas dos comunidades.
HIV‐1 infection of non‐dividing cells: evidence that the amino‐terminal basic region of the viral matrix protein is important for Gag processing but not for post‐entry nuclear import

Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is able to infect non-dividing cells such as tissue macrophages productively because post-entry viral nucleoprotein complexes are specifically imported into the nucleus in the absence of mitosis. Although it has been proposed that an amino-terminal region of the viral matrix (MA, p17Gag) protein harbors a basic-type nuclear localization sequence (NLS) that contributes to this process, utilization of three distinct nuclear import assays failed to provide any direct supporting evidence. Instead, we found that disruption of this region (26KK-->TT) reduces the rate at which the viral Gag polyprotein (p55Gag) is post-translationally processed by the viral protease. Consistent with the fact that appropriate proteolytic processing is essential for efficient viral growth in all cell types, we also show that the 26KK-->TT MA mutation is equivalently deleterious to the replication of a primary macrophage-tropic viral isolate in cultures of non-dividing and dividing cells. Taken together, these observations suggest that proteins other than MA supply the NLS(s) that enable HIV-1 to infect non-dividing cells.