cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nucleon separation energy by K-matrix theory

Abstract Widths of resonances observed in (p, 2p) and (e, e′p) experiments are supposed to be due to the finite lifetimes of hole-states created in these experiments and are calculated as a function of the momentum of the hole in infinite nuclear matter. The decay of the hole-state is assumed to occur by two-body, K -matrix interactions. Then the calculation involves the imaginary part of the second-order re-arrangement potential. Widths of 1s hole states for finite nuclei are obtained from the infinite system calculations by an approximate procedure. Good agreement with the observed 1s widths for small nuclei is obtained. A width of 22 MeV for a 1s hole in 40 Ca and a width of 29 MeV for a 1s hole in 208 Pb is predicted. The experimental separation energies for nucleons in 12 C, 16 O and 27 Al in conjunction with the experimental binding and calculated kinetic energies of these nuclei are shown to indicate large re-arrangement energies. When averaged over single-particle states the following values are obtained: 12 C : 11 MeV, 16 O : 8 MeV and 27 Al : 3.7 MeV. The decrease with mass number can be understood. The absolute values are in reasonable agreement with, or possibly somewhat larger than, what expexpected in view of the re-arrangement energies calculated for the infinite system. The third-order, hole-hole re-arrangement energy contribution for a zero-momentum nucleon in an infinite medium is calculated to be ≈ 2.5 MeV as compared to ≈ 20 MeV for the second order re-arrangement energy.
ELECTRON MICROPROBE EVALUATION OF TERRESTRIAL BASALTS FOR WHOLE-ROCK K-Ar DATING*

Abstract Four basalt samples for whole-rock K-Ar dating were analyzed with an electron microprobe to locate potassium concentrations. Highest concentrations of potassium were found in those mineral phases which were the last to crystallize. The two reliable samples had potassium concentrated in fine-grained interstitial feldspar and along grain boundaries of earlier formed plagioclase crystals. The two unreliable samples had potassium concentrated in the glassy matrix, demonstrating the ineffectiveness of basaltic glass as a retainer of radiogenic argon. In selecting basalt samples for whole-rock K-Ar dating, particular emphasis should be placed on determining the nature and condition of the fine-grained interstitial phases.
Application of Theory to Family-Centered Care: A Role for Social Workers

Family-centered care is an emerging trend in health care settings today. An explanation, principles, and a definition of family-centered care are offered and discussed. A theoretical framework, Balance Theory of Coordination, which can be utilized by social workers to develop and enhance family-centered care practices, is explained and discussed. Various family-centered care practices are examined within the context of Balance Theory of Coordination as examples.
Syndecan-3 and syndecan-4 specifically mark skeletal muscle satellite cells and are implicated in satellite cell maintenance and muscle regeneration.

Myogenesis in the embryo and the adult mammal consists of a highly organized and regulated sequence of cellular processes to form or repair muscle tissue that include cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Data from cell culture and in vivo experiments implicate both FGFs and HGF as critical regulators of these processes. Both factors require heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans for signaling from their respective receptors. Since syndecans, a family of cell-surface transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are implicated in FGF signaling and skeletal muscle differentiation, we examined the expression of syndecans 1‐ 4 in embryonic, fetal, postnatal, and adult muscle tissue, as well as on primary adult muscle fiber cultures. We show that syndecan-1, -3, and -4 are expressed in developing skeletal muscle tissue and that syndecan-3 and -4 expression is highly restricted in adult skeletal muscle to cells retaining myogenic capacity. These two HSPGs appear to be expressed exclusively and universally on quiescent adult satellite cells in adult skeletal muscle tissue, suggesting a role for HSPGs in satellite cell maintenance or activation. Once activated, all satellite cells maintain expression of syndecan-3 and syndecan-4 for at least 96 h, also implicating these HSPGs in muscle regeneration. Inhibition of HSPG sulfation by treatment of intact myofibers with chlorate results in delayed proliferation and altered MyoD expression, demonstrating that heparan sulfate is required for proper progression of the early satellite cell myogenic program. These data suggest that, in addition to providing potentially useful new markers for satellite cells, syndecan-3 and syndecan-4 may play important regulatory roles in satellite cell maintenance, activation, proliferation, and differentiation during skeletal muscle regeneration. © 2001 Academic Press
Metatranscriptomic analyses of chlorophototrophs of a hot-spring microbial mat.

The phototrophic microbial mat community of Mushroom Spring, an alkaline siliceous hot spring in Yellowstone National Park, was studied by metatranscriptomic methods. RNA was extracted from mat specimens collected at four timepoints during light-to-dark and dark-to-light transitions in one diel cycle, and these RNA samples were analyzed by both pyrosequencing and SOLiD technologies. Pyrosequencing was used to assess the community composition, which showed that ∼84% of the rRNA was derived from members of four kingdoms Cyanobacteria, Chloroflexi, Chlorobi and Acidobacteria. Transcription of photosynthesis-related genes conclusively demonstrated the phototrophic nature of two newly discovered populations; these organisms, which were discovered through metagenomics, are currently uncultured and previously undescribed members of Chloroflexi and Chlorobi. Data sets produced by SOLiD sequencing of complementary DNA provided >100-fold greater sequence coverage. The much greater sequencing depth allowed transcripts to be detected from ∼15 000 genes and could be used to demonstrate statistically significant differential transcription of thousands of genes. Temporal differences for in situ transcription patterns of photosynthesis-related genes suggested that the six types of chlorophototrophs in the mats may use different strategies for maximizing their solar-energy capture, usage and growth. On the basis of both temporal pattern and transcript abundance, intra-guild gene expression differences were also detected for two populations of the oxygenic photosynthesis guild. This study showed that, when community-relevant genomes and metagenomes are available, SOLiD sequencing technology can be used for metatranscriptomic analyses, and the results suggested that this method can potentially reveal new insights into the ecophysiology of this model microbial community.
Restabilizing Dynamics - Construction And Constraint In The History Of Walrasian Stability Theory

In Stabilizing Dynamics (1991) Roy Weintraub provides a history of stability theory from the work of Hicks and Samuelson in the late 1930s to the Gale and Scarf counterexamples in the 1960s. Unlike his earlier work in the history of general equilibrium theory (1979, 1985, 1988) this recent contribution is not an attempt to fit the Walrasian program into the narrow framework of some particular philosophy of natural science (such as Lakatos's methodology of scientific research programs). Rather, the theme in Stabilizing Dynamics is broadly social constructivist. Simply put, the constructivist view of science is “that scientific knowledge itself is constructed socially, in communities of scientists: Knowledge is constructed, not found” (p. 9).
Coding performance on generalized fading channels

The author presents the uncoded and coded performance results of MFSK (M-ary frequency-shift keying) and DPSK (differentially coherent binary phase-shift keying) on a generalized fading-channel model, the slow nonselective Nakagami-m fading channel. Simple expressions are given for asymptotic slopes of probability of bit error for a large signal-to-noise ratio, and it is shown that the effective diversity of the system is in the product of two parameters, one for the code and one for the channel. It is concluded that the results obtained are potentially useful in the performance assessment of several current MFSK and DPSK systems that are required to operate on channels with a wide variety of fading or scintillation conditions. >
Variation in aromatase activity in the medial preoptic area and plasma progesterone is associated with the onset of paternal behavior.

The effects of aromatase within the brain on sexual behavior have been studied in a wide variety of species. Relatively few non-mating behaviors have been considered, despite evidence that estrogen affects many social behaviors. Testosterone promotes paternal behavior in California mouse (Peromyscus californicus) fathers, acting primarily via aromatization to estradiol. Virgin male California mice rarely exhibit paternal behavior, so we investigated whether aromatase in the brain changed with the onset of paternal behavior in California mouse fathers. In the medial preoptic area (MPOA), a brain area known to regulate parental behavior in rodents, we found that fathers had significantly more aromatase activity than mated males without pups, suggesting that an increase in estrogen production in this brain area contributes to the onset of paternal behavior. We also found that progesterone (P4) levels were lower in fathers compared to sexually inexperienced males and that P4 was negatively correlated with aromatase activity in the MPOA. These P4 findings agree with a recent study that found an inhibitory effect of P4 on paternal behavior. Overall, we found that aromatase activity and P4 levels change in association with an important life history transition, and may provide a mechanistic basis for plasticity in paternal behavior.
Effect of respiratory gating on reducing lung motion artifacts in PET imaging of lung cancer

Positron emission tomography (PET) has shown an increase in both sensitivity and specificity over computed tomography (CT) in lung cancer. However, motion artifacts in the 18F fluorodioxydoglucose (FDG) PET images caused by respiration persists to be an important factor in degrading PET image quality and quantification. Motion artifacts lead to two major effects: First, it affects the accuracy of quantitation, producing a reduction of the measured standard uptake value (SUV). Second, the apparent lesion volume is overestimated. Both impact upon the usage of PET images for radiation treatment planning. The first affects the visibility, or contrast, of the lesion. The second results in an increase in the planning target volume, and consequently a greater radiation dose to the normal tissues. One way to compensate for this effect is by applying a multiple-frame capture technique. The PET data are then acquired in synchronization with the respiratory motion. Reduction in smearing due to gating was investigated in both phantoms and patient studies. Phantom studies showed a dependence of the reduction in smearing on the lesion size, the motion amplitude, and the number of bins used for data acquisition. These studies also showed an improvement in the target-to-background ratio, and a more accurate measurement of the SUV. When applied to one patient, respiratory gating showed a 28% reduction in the total lesion volume, and a 56.5% increase in the SUV. This study was conducted as a proof of principle that a gating technique can effectively reduce motion artifacts in PET image acquisition.
Relative embeddings: a Circassian puzzle for the syntax/semantics interface

This paper documents and analyzes the pattern used in the Northwest Caucasian language Adyghe (Circassian) to express what the following five different constructions convey in other languages: headed and headless relative clauses, embedded declaratives, embedded polar interrogatives, and embedded constituent interrogatives. We argue that Adyghe encodes the meanings of all these embedded structures by means of the same syntactic construction, a relative clause. This pervasive use of relative clauses is possible due to mechanisms that are independently attested not just in Adyghe but also in more familiar languages like English. These mechanisms include concealed questions, polarity operators, and nominals such as fact and question that can connect propositional attitude verbs or interrogative verbs with embedded clauses. We suggest that this extensive use of relative clauses in Adyghe is triggered by the absence of non-relative complementizer. We further show that this use is facilitated by their morphological visibility: a relativizer realized as a prefix on the verb, verbal affixation, a rich system of applicative heads hosting indirect arguments, and the availability of a case marker suffixed to headless relatives. We conclude by discussing the implications of the Adyghe system for the general design of embedding and subordination in natural language.
Predictive Directional Greedy Routing in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks

VANETs (vehicle ad hoc networks) are highly mobile wireless ad hoc networks targeted to support vehicular safety and other commercial applications. Conventional routing protocols in MANETs (mobile ad hoc networks) are unable to fully address the unique characteristics in vehicular networks. On the other hand, some characteristics in VANETs, like mobility constraints and predicable mobility, can benefit routing in vehicular networks. It is known that vehicles tend to move more regularly. We propose a new position-based routing strategy with the consideration of nodes moving direction for VANETs, called DGR (directional greedy routing). Considering the fact that vehicles often have predicable mobility, we propose PDGR (predictive directional greedy routing) to forward packet to the most suitable next hop based on both current and predicable future situations. We evaluate the performance of the solutions via simulations with realistic mobility models in open environments. Simulation results show that our solutions outperform existing ones in terms of packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, and routing overhead.
Primary carcinoma of the liver--a plea for earlier diagnosis with emphasis on the serum alkaline phosphatase values.

Summary Despite an apparent increase in the frequency with which primary carcinoma of the liver is being encountered in the United States, accuracy of antemortem diagnosis is still appallingly low. Awareness of the following clues should increase the clinical diagnosis of this disease: (1) the appearance of dull, progressive right upper abdominal pain over an enlarging, firm, usually nodular liver; (2) a preexisting postnecrotic or posthepatitic cirrhosis (which of itself should tend to exclude metastatic tumor) ; and (3) serum alkaline phosphatase elevations above 7.2 Bodansky units per 100 ml.
Anaerobic growth of Bacillus subtilis alters the spectrum of spontaneous mutations in the rpoB gene leading to rifampicin resistance

Spontaneous rifampicin-resistant (RFM(R)) mutants were isolated from Bacillus subtilis 168 cultivated in the presence or absence of oxygen. By DNA sequencing, the mutations were located within Cluster I of the rpoB gene encoding the β subunit of RNA polymerase. The spectrum of RFM(R) rpoB mutations isolated from B. subtilis cells grown anaerobically differed from aerobically grown cells, not only with respect to the location of mutations within Cluster I but also in the class of mutation observed (transition versus transversion). In the absence of RFM, RFM(R) mutants exhibited poorer growth under anaerobic conditions than did the wild-type strain, indicating their lower fitness in the absence of antibiotic selection.
Vitamin K in animal nutrition.

Publisher Summary Vitamin K is an essential metabolite for humans and for all laboratory and farm animals. The dietary vitamin K requirements of animals depend upon many modifying factors. Of the factors modifying the dietary vitamin K requirements, most important is the synthesis of vitamin K by the gastrointestinal microflora of most animals, especially mammals. Coprophagy also plays an important role by providing a more complete absorption of the microbially synthesized vitamins K. Although vitamin K is synthesized in the intestinal tract of chickens, turkeys, and other avian species, it appears too far down the tract to furnish these species with all of the vitamin K needs. Proper vitamin K nutrition in animals depends upon providing sufficient vitamin K to the liver for optimum use by the animal for synthesis of the vitamin K-dependent plasma proteins involved in the blood clotting mechanism and perhaps for synthesis also of other proteins required in metabolism. The vitamin K must be presented to the liver in a form that can be used directly or that can be readily converted to the metabolically active form of the vitamin. In the presence of vitamin K inhibitors, such as dicoumarol, sulfaquinoxaline, warfarin, etc., optimum vitamin K nutrition occurs only with adequate vitamin K levels provided in the proper form in excess of the amounts inhibited by these antimetabolites.
The breadth of semantics: reply to critics

AbstractIn our 2015 book Imagination and Convention, we explore the scope and limits of linguistic knowledge in semantics and pragmatics for natural language. We draw heavily on the notion of coordination from David Lewis' book on conventions. To the extent that the account we develop is right, general principles like Grice's cooperative principle and the maxims of conversation have little to say about about interpretation. Three commentators—Anne Bezuidenhout, Laurence Horn, and Zoltan Gendler Szabo—discuss and evaluate our program in three essays in this issue. What follows is our response to their challenges.
Sovereign Joins

We present a secure network service for sovereign information sharing whose only trusted component is an off-theshelf secure coprocessor. The participating data providers send encrypted relations to the service that sends the encrypted results to the recipients. The technical challenge in implementing such a service arises from the limited capability of the secure coprocessors: they have small memory, no attached disk, and no facility for communicating directly with other machines in the network. The internal state of an ongoing computation within the secure coprocessor cannot be seen from outside, but its interactions with the server can be exploited by an adversary. We formulate the problem of computing join in this setting where the goal is to prevent information leakage through patterns in I/O while maximizing performance. We specify criteria for proving the security of a join algorithm and provide provably safe algorithms. These algorithms can be used to compute general joins involving arbitrary predicates and multiple sovereign databases. We thus enable a new class of applications requiring query processing across sovereign entities such that nothing apart from the result is revealed to the recipients.
Systematics and Evolution of the North American Merlins

F. c. richardsonii Ridgway occurs in the prairie-parklands. Some controversy exists over the validity of these forms, particularly F. c. bendirei and F. c. suckleyi (Bent, 1938; Hellmayr and Conover, 1949). Swarth (1935) questioned the validity of F. c. bendirei on the grounds that it is not phenotypically distinguishable from F. c. columbarius. He also questioned F. c. suckleyi because its geographic distribution was poorly defined and seemed to overlap that of F. c. bendirei. More recently several authors have tried to circumvent the problems of F. c. bendirei and suckleyi by synonymizing the former with the latter (Dementiev and Gladkov, 1951) or with F. c. columbarius (Brown and Amadon, 1969; Stresemann, MS). The authors offer no justification for these synonomies. Despite these disagreements, little systematic work has been done on the North American Merlins since Peters' (1927) review. In fact, the Merlin remains one of the least studied of the North American falcons in most aspects of its biology. The objectives of this study are to analyze the phenotypic variation in the North American Merlins, to interpret the evolutionary origins of the observed variations and geographic distributions, and from this information to reevaluate the present subspecific designations.
Back pain in primary care. Patient characteristics, content of initial visit, and short-term outcomes.

Study Design. Prospective study of patients making primary care visits for back pain. Objective. To examine the content of primary care visits for back pain in patients with little interference of pain with activities at the visit and 1 month later; high interference of pain with activities at the visit but not 1 month later; and high interference of pain with activities, both at the visit and 1 month later. Summary of Background Data. Advice about resumption of activities may be therapeutic for patients with back pain, but little is known about the extent to which primary care providers assess and respond to limitation of activities in patients. Methods. Audiotapes of primary care visits for back pain were coded for content. Patients indicated their goals for the visit and completed measures of pain and the pain's interference with activities, just before the visit and 1 month later. Results. in most visits, providers did not assess functional limitations related to pain and did not discuss how to resume normal activities, although this was a highly rated goal for most patients. Providers did not appear to assess or respond to patients differently according to how much pain interfered with their activities. However, in patients with high interference of pain with activities. there was more discussion of limitation of activities and how to return to usual activities among those who improved than there was among those who did not improve during the next month. Conclusions. Although back pain frequently is associated with limitation of activity, pain's interference with activities is assessed inconsistently in primary care visits.
Investigation of Blunt Bodies with CO2 Test Gas including Catalytic Effects

The capability to test blunt bodies using a carbon dioxide test gas with applications appropriate for Martian atmospheric reentry vehicles has been demonstrated for the LENS I facility at Calspan-UB Research Center (CUBRC). The facility was extensively calibrated at conditions of nominally 5 MJ/kg and 10 MJ/kg increased total enthalpy over a range of Reynolds numbers. This capability was used to test a 70 O sphere-cone geometry for the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission, primarily to assess laminar, transitional, and turbulent heating levels as well as leeward transition criteria. The 61 cm (24 inch) diameter model was studied at 0 O , 11 O , and 16 O angles of attack. Numerical predictions of the laminar heating levels on the model were found to be inadequate without the inclusion of wall catalytic heating induced by 100% CO2 recombination at the surface of the stainless steel model.
SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANALYSIS AND CALCULATION OF STRUCTURAL LAYER WITH RADIANT FLOOR HEATING

A heat transfer model of structural layer of floor for the radiant floor heating system is introduced,as well as the floor structure level temperature distribution and the surface average temperature using the separation variable method.The results were compared with that of the numerical simulation with finite difference method for the first time.Then,different factors influencing the surface average temperature were analyzed.
Ensemble deep learning for speech recognition.

Deep learning systems have dramatically improved the accuracy of speech recognition, and various deep architectures and learning methods have been developed with distinct strengths and weaknesses in recent years. How can ensemble learning be applied to these varying deep learning systems to achieve greater recognition accuracy is the focus of this paper. We develop and report linear and log-linear stacking methods for ensemble learning with applications specifically to speechclass posterior probabilities as computed by the convolutional, recurrent, and fully-connected deep neural networks. Convex optimization problems are formulated and solved, with analytical formulas derived for training the ensemble-learning parameters. Experimental results demonstrate a significant increase in phone recognition accuracy after stacking the deep learning subsystems that use different mechanisms for computing high-level, hierarchical features from the raw acoustic signals in speech.
Multi standard system level simulation framework for evaluation of mobile broadband networks

IEEE 802.16m and 3GPP LTE-Advanced mobile broadband communication systems represent the most promising technologies for providing high speed mobile broadband access to the Internet in the years to come. Many research groups, communication equipment vendors, and standardization bodies work on optimization and enhancements of the performance characteristics of 3GPP LTE-Advanced and IEEE 802.16m. The research and development efforts of academia and industry are mainly focused on the system level analysis of these mobile broadband networks. This paper provides an overview of multi-cell radio network system level modeling and presents the architecture of a multi-standard system level simulation software platform. The platform was designed for the evaluation of candidate IMT-Advanced radio interface technologies and can be used for the analysis and simulation of potential physical and medium access control enhancements for the IEEE 802.16m and 3GPP LTE-Advanced systems.
Rupture of a Collateral Ligament of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint of the Fingers: Analysis Of Eighteen Cases

Injuries to the collateral ligaments of the proximal interphalangeal joints of the fingers are common and vary from simple strain to complete rupture, a condition which, if overlooked, frequently results in unilateral pain, swelling, and sharply localized tenderness and, when the ligament is completely ruptured, passive instability of the joint. This instability can be confirmed by proper stress roentgenograms. Review of our experience with injuries of one of the collateral ligaments of the proximal interphalangeal joints treated by non-operative means revealed that partial ligamentous ruptures responded satisfactorily while completely ruptured collateral ligaments frequently resulted in prolonged disability. Fourteen of eighteen fingers with completely ruptured collateral ligaments of the proximal interphalangeal joints were operated on with satisfactory results. Three patients refused operation; one was unsuitable for surgery.
Esophageal Motor Abnormalities in Patients With Scleroderma: Heterogeneity, Risk Factors, and Effects on Quality of Life

Background & Aims Systemic scleroderma (SSc) is associated with esophageal aperistalsis and hypotensive esophagogastric junction pressure, although there could be a gradation in esophageal motor dysfunction. We characterized esophageal motor function by high-resolution esophageal manometry (HRM) and assessed associations between SSc severity, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and HRM findings in patients. Methods We performed a prospective study of 200 patients with SSc and 102 patients without SSc (controls) who underwent HRM at Mayo Clinic Arizona from May 2006 through January 2015. We used data on integrated relaxation pressure, distal contractile integral, and distal latency to classify esophageal motility disorders according to the Chicago Classification v 3.0. A subset of subjects (n = 122) completed SSc-specific gastrointestinal symptom and HRQOL questionnaires. HRM findings, symptoms, and HRQOL data were compared among diffuse SSc, limited SSc, and control subjects. Categorical variables were compared by using the χ 2 or Fisher exact test; continuous variables were compared by using Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between severity of esophageal dysmotility and baseline clinical factors. Results Among patients with SSc, 83 had diffuse SSc (42%), and 117 had limited SSc (58%). Absent contractility was more frequent in patients with SSc than in controls (56% vs 13%; P P = .880). Severe esophageal dysmotility was associated with disease duration, interstitial lung disease, and higher gastrointestinal symptom scores ( P Conclusions Although severe dysmotility is more common in patients with SSc than in controls, we observed the so-called scleroderma esophagus in only one-third of patients with SSc. Esophageal motor function appears to be heterogeneous in SSc. Esophageal dysmotility reduces HRQOL in patients with SSc.
Abstract B07: A meta-analysis of GSTM1 human genome as risk factor in lung cancer prevention

Purpose: Lung cancer is the highest cause of cancer related death in the United States. Its development is attributed to environmental and genetic factors. Smoking, diet, and occupation are environmental factors that can affect its development. Besides the environmental elements, the genetic aspect of this risk has also been identified as a major factor. Polymorphism in an individual9s genotype has been recognized as a possible risk for lung cancer. GSTM1 has been one of the genes being studied with regards to genetic polymorphism affecting lung cancer development. A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the association of GSTM1 human genome as a risk factor for lung cancer. Procedure: Literature searches were completed by searching at three different times using keyword related to human GSTM1 and lung cancer. The searches generated 326 papers. The preliminary count includes 138 case-control studies. Quality rating of the literatures included will be based on Quality of Reporting of Meta-analysis (QUOROM). GSTM1 genes are categorized into present and null deletion genotype. Each category will be grouped by country and ethnicity. Inter-rater evaluation will be done for quality rating and gene count to ensure accurate appraisal of data collected. Pooled relative risks will be computed for each genotype and ethnicity to determine association with lung cancer. Findings: With the total cases of 12,288 and control subjects of 16,836, this meta-analysis is able to ascertain the association of GSTM1 with lung cancer risk. The present genotype of GSTM1 has been established as protective in nature (P Conclusion: The association between GSTM1 and lung cancer has been established through this meta-analysis. The results from this meta-analysis prompt the need for further studies that examine GSTM1 genotypes with inclusion of more studies for various race-ethnicity groups and countries. GSTM1 present genotype has an essential role in preventing lung cancer. There is a need to identify ways to enhance or maintain this GSTM1 genotype in future studies. Dietary intake of cruciferous vegetables is a promising factor in preventing lung cancer. Citation Format: Maria Suarez, S. Pamela Shiao, Mildred Gonzales, Amanda Lie, Ching-Yi Chiu. A meta-analysis of GSTM1 human genome as risk factor in lung cancer prevention. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr B07.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection methods for the removal of large sessile polyps

Abstract In expert hands, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) methods can successfully and definitively treat large sessile polyps, thus, eliminating the need for segmental colectomy. The goal should be to utilize ESD whenever feasible as it yields an en bloc specimen. ESD methods can also be used to definitively treat superficial invasive colorectal cancers, which have a very low chance of lymph node involvement.
Denosumab: targeting the RANKL pathway to treat rheumatoid arthritis.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by focal pathologic bone resorption due to excessive activity of osteoclasts (OC). Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) is essential for the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of OC. Denosumab (DMab) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to RANKL with high affinity and blocks its subsequent association with its receptor RANK on the surface of OC precursors.Area covered: The authors review the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying therapeutic applications of DMab, provide recent highlights on pharmacology, efficacy and safety of DMab, and discuss the potential of DMab as a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Expert opinion: Clinical results suggest that DMab is efficient both in systemic and articular bone loss in RA with limited side effects. Diminished bone erosion activity was also noted in RA patients on corticosteroids and bisph...
A Rare Case of Vancomycin-Induced Linear Immunoglobulin A Bullous Dermatosis

Linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) is an autoimmune vesiculobullous disease, which is typically idiopathic but can also rarely be caused by medications or infections. Vancomycin is the most common drug associated with LABD. Lesions typically appear 24 hours to 15 days after the first dose of vancomycin. It is best characterized pathologically by subepidermal bulla (blister) formation with linear IgA deposition at the dermoepidermal junction. Here we report an 86-year-old male with a history of left knee osteoarthritis who underwent a left knee arthroplasty and subsequently developed a prosthetic joint infection. This infection was treated with intravenous vancomycin as well as placement of a vancomycin impregnated joint spacer. Five days following initiation of antibiotic therapy, he presented with a vesiculobullous eruption on an erythematous base over his trunk, extremities, and oral mucosa. The eruption resolved completely when intravenous vancomycin was discontinued and colchicine treatment was begun. Curiously, complete resolution occurred despite the presence of the vancomycin containing joint spacer. The diagnosis of vancomycin-induced linear IgA bullous dermatosis was made based on characteristic clinical and histopathologic presentations.
Equilibrium configurations of liquid droplets on solid surfaces under the influence of thin-film forces: Part II. Shape calculations

Abstract The appropriate augmented Young-Laplace equation for cylindrical and axisymmetric geometry is solved numerically to generate equilibrium drop and bubble shapes for various interaction-potential curves, P ( h ), where h is the distance of the liquid-vapor interface from the solid substrate. Order-of-reduction integration of the augmented Young-Laplace equation for the cylindrical geometry serves as a useful tool in determining how the characteristics of the interaction potential and the associated parameters affect droplet shapes. In particular, a graph of P ( h )+ p c h , where p c is the capillary pressure, versus h codifies the wide variety of drop and bubble shapes that arise from a given interaction-potential isotherm. Examples of shapes calculated are drops or bubbles with and without films, wiggly drops or bubbles, drops or bubbles that exhibit multiple equilibrium shapes, and drops with step structures. Specific conditions are provided for each type of drop shape.
JAK/STAT pathway inhibition overcomes IL7-induced glucocorticoid resistance in a subset of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias

While outcomes for children with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) have improved dramatically, survival rates for patients with relapsed/refractory disease remain dismal. Prior studies indicate that glucocorticoid (GC) resistance is more common than resistance to other chemotherapies at relapse. In addition, failure to clear peripheral blasts during a prednisone prophase correlates with an elevated risk of relapse in newly diagnosed patients. Here we show that intrinsic GC resistance is present at diagnosis in early thymic precursor (ETP) T-ALLs as well as in a subset of non-ETP T-ALLs. GC-resistant non-ETP T-ALLs are characterized by strong induction of JAK/STAT signaling in response to interleukin-7 (IL7) stimulation. Removing IL7 or inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling sensitizes these T-ALLs, and a subset of ETP T-ALLs, to GCs. The combination of the GC dexamethasone and the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib altered the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic factors in samples with IL7-dependent GC resistance, but not in samples with IL7-independent GC resistance. Together, these data suggest that the addition of ruxolitinib or other inhibitors of IL7 receptor/JAK/STAT signaling may enhance the efficacy of GCs in a biologically defined subset of T-ALL.
Calcimimetic Use in Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia-A Perspective in Endocrinology.

Context Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) causes lifelong hypercalcemia that even persists after subtotal parathyroidectomy. Symptoms are usually mild. Past recommendations have often been for monitoring and against surgical or pharmacologic treatments. Methods Review of publications about FHH, calcium-sensing receptors (CaSRs), and calcimimetics. Results FHH reflects heterozygous germline mutation of CASR, GNA11, or AP2S1. These mutations inactivate the CaSRs in the parathyroid cell. Thereby, they shift the serum calcium set point to higher values and cause hypercalcemia. Calcimimetic drugs enhance the effects of calcium on the CaSRs and thereby inhibit the parathyroid cell. Calcimimetic drugs are indicated in adults with primary hyperparathyroidism without a good surgical option. Calcimimetic safety and efficacy are not established in children younger than age 18 years. Recent case reports have described treatment of FHH with calcimimetics. Success was classified as combinations of subjective improvements and decreases of serum calcium levels, but not necessarily into the normal range. Treatment was successful in 14 of 16 cases (88%). Conclusion Deductions based on these case reports have limitations. For example, failures of therapy may not have been reported. Cost of the drug might be rate limiting. Calcimimetics can be offered to adults with FHH and those in whom the serum calcium level is >0.25 mM (1 mg/dL) beyond the upper limit of normal or with possible symptoms of hypercalcemia. Calcimimetics can now be offered to more adults with FHH.
Understanding the Performance of Automotive Catalysts via Spatial Resolution of Reactions Inside Honeycomb Monoliths

Abstract By directly resolving spatial and temporal species distributions within operating honeycomb monolith catalysts, spatially resolved capillary inlet mass spectrometry (SpaciMS) provides a uniquely enabling perspective for advancing automotive catalysis. Specifically, the ability to follow the spatiotemporal evolution of reactions throughout the catalyst is a significant advantage over inlet-and-effluent-limited analysis. Intracatalyst resolution elucidates numerous catalyst details including the network and sequence of reactions, clarifying reaction pathways; the relative rates of different reactions and impacts of operating conditions and catalyst state; and reaction dynamics and intermediate species that exist only within the catalyst. These details provide a better understanding of how the catalyst functions and have basic and practical benefits; e.g., catalyst system design; strategies for on-road catalyst state assessment, control, and on-board diagnostics; and creating robust and accurate predictive catalyst models. Moreover, such spatiotemporally distributed data provide for critical model assessment, and identification of improvement opportunities that might not be apparent from effluent assessment; i.e., while an incorrectly formulated model may provide correct effluent predictions, one that can accurately predict the spatiotemporal evolution of reactions along the catalyst channels will be more robust, accurate, and reliable. In such ways, intracatalyst diagnostics comprehensively enable improved design and development tools, and faster and lower-cost development of more efficient and durable automotive catalyst systems. Beyond these direct contributions, SpaciMS has spawned and been applied to enable other analytical techniques for resolving transient distributed intracatalyst performance. This chapter focuses on SpaciMS applications and associated catalyst insights and improvements, with specific sections related to lean NO x traps, selective catalytic reduction catalysts, oxidation catalysts, and particulate filters. The objective is to promote broader use and development of intracatalyst analytical methods, and thereby expand the insights resulting from this detailed perspective for advancing automotive catalyst technologies.
What is Police Misconduct

By its very nature, policing in general is a complex and unique occupation (Macdonald, Manz, Alpert, & Dunham, 2003). In the U.S. the characteristics of public accountability, openness to evaluation and responsiveness to citizen demands (Bayley, 1998) contribute to the inimitable nature of policing in that police officers, in interpreting and applying static and dynamic rules, are legally permitted to act in ways, such as using deadly force, that would be criminal if committed by a civilian (Macdonald et al., 2003). Specifically, while the use of excessive force violates the Fourth Amendment (Graham v. Connor, 1989) excessiveness is determined not only by the totality of the circumstances facing the police officer (Flournoy v. City of Chicago, 2016) but must be judged from the perspective of a reasonable police officer on the scene rather than a 20/20 vision of hindsight (Graham v. Connor, 1989). Thus, arguably excessiveness is profession-specific in that any force even deadly force is reasonable and legal if given the circumstances present a reasonable police officer (not a reasonable person) would have used the same degree of force. Furthermore, by working in isolation from public observation, police officers are provided with ample opportunities to misuse their authority (Dunningham & Norris, 1998; Escholz & Vaughn, 2001; Moran, 2005) in what some have argued is an occupation conducive to misconduct (Hunter, 1999; Ivkovic, 2004).
An optimal window for the fabrication of Edible Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanotubes (EPCNs) from bovine serum albumin (BSA) and sodium alginate

Abstract Edible polyelectrolyte complex nanotubes (EPCNs) were assembled with the alternate layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition technique using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as positively charged biopolymer and sodium alginate as negatively charged biopolymers. The specific manufacturing conditions that led to the formation of defined and stable nanotubular structures were studied. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) were used to study the ability of a protein and polysaccharide to interact and form nanotubes. These methods also offer insights into the types of interactions occurring between these two biopolymers. ITC measurements indicated that electrostatic interactions between BSA and sodium alginate were predominant at pH 3–4, while a strong electrostatic repulsion occurred at pH 6–7. This was also correlated by zeta potential measurements that showed opposite charges for these two biopolymers at acidic pH and similar charges at neutral pH. The ability of a protein and polysaccharides to interact and form nanotubes were studied with the assistance of polycarbonate (PC) templates (pore diameters: 200, 400, 600 and 800 nm). Other assembly parameters, including ratio and concentration of biopolymers, rates of addition, and stability at different pH values were also studied. It was possible to form stable EPCNs with diameters of 200, 400, 600 and 800 nm-template. The wall thickness that leads to the most stable EPCN is 4 bilayers [(BSA/ALG)4] with a rate of addition of 1.0 ml/min and biopolymers concentrations of 0.8 mg/ml and 0.6 mg/ml for BSA and alginate, respectively. The morphology, outer diameter, thickness of the wall and length of the freeze dried EPCNs were characterized with SEM. The SEM images showed that (BSA/ALG)1 and (BSA/ALG)2 yield a weaker EPCN whereas (BSA/ALG)3 yields a more robust wall thickness.
Spray Irrigation of Waste Water on Citrus Groves

Spray irrigation is widely used to dispose of the waste water from citrus processing plants. The citrus processing season in Florida may range from 6 to 10 months a year depending on the size and the type of the fruit crop. Much of this season occurs in that part of the year when rainfall is deficient. It would be advantageous if this waste water could be utilized in the production of citrus crops. A study was conducted between 1971 and 1974 to investigate the feasibility of growing-citrus with citrus processing waste water (6).Paper published with permission.Compilation Copyright © 2018 ASME
Quantitative Measurement of Magnetic Hyperfine Parameters and the Physical Organic Chemistry of Supramolecular Systems

The physical principles that underlie organic reactions were established by a systematic study of chemical reaction dynamics that employed correlated measurements of reaction rates and a physical parameter that could be related of the electronic properties of the molecules in question (Hammett, 1970). Today, molecular science emphasizes the concept of molecular device, which connotes a supramolecular structure (the term “supramolecule” loosely means a molecule that has multiple functionalities associated with it; for example, an enzyme might be regarded as a supramolecule in the sense that it features a supported metal catalyst and a receptor site that recognizes a specific substrate upon which the catalyst acts) that acts in some specific fashion. A molecular device may be biological (e.g., enzymes, contractile proteins; cf. Tanford & Reynolds, 2001), or it may be produced by synthetic means (e.g., molecular wires, switches, machines, etc.; cf. Sauvage, 2001; Balzani et al., 2003). Current synthetic chemistry provides the technical means that enable one to create and modify molecular devices so that structure may elicit some specific function, and so physical organic chemists are interested in reactions that involve engineered and structurally complex systems such as supported catalysts, protein active sites, or nanostructures (cf. amilton, 1996; Tidwell et al., 1997).
Visual Search Engine for Handwritten and Typeset Math in Lecture Videos and LATEX Notes

To fill a gap in online educational tools, we are working to support search in lecture videos using formulas from lecture notes and vice versa. We use an existing system to convert single-shot lecture videos to keyframe images that capture whiteboard contents along with the times they appear. We train classifiers for handwritten symbols using the CROHME dataset, and for LATEX symbols using generated images. Symbols detected in video keyframes and LATEX formula images are indexed using Line-of-Sight graphs. For search, we lookup pairs of symbols that can 'see' each other, and connected pairs are merged to identify the largest match within each indexed image. We rank matches using symbol class probabilities and angles between symbol pairs. We demonstrate how our method effectively locates formulas between typeset and handwritten images using a set of linear algebra lectures. By combining our search engine Tangent-V) with temporal keyframe metadata, we are able to navigate to where a query formula in LATEX is first handwritten in a lecture video. Our system is available as open-source. For other domains, only the OCR modules require updating.