cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Intestinal Infectious Disease Laboratory Monitoring in Futian District

Objective To study the infected situation of diarrhea in Futian district,and analyze its epidemiological characteristics,provide measures of treatment and prevention.Methods Colleting stool samples,rectal swabs or vomit samples of no use antibiotics cases in sentinel hospitals to isolate and culture pathogenic bacteria,analyzed the molecular characterization of positive strains.Results The positive of intestinal pathogenic bacteria was 11.45%(115/1004),the distribution of age had significant in Salmonella,Vibrio parahaemolyticus,EPEC,ETEC and ETEC(P0.01),and diarrheogenic Escherichia coli was the main pathogenic bacteria.The distribution of season in EPEC,ETEC and ETEC has no significant(P0.05),but the Salmonella and Vibrio parahaemolyticus had significant(P0.05).The distribution of household had significant(P0.01).The gender distribution was no significant.Conclusion We must focus on strengthening the prevention and treatment of diarrheagenic E.coli infection,strengthening the surveillance and prevention of Salmonella and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in summer especially,strengthening the health education and promotion of intestinal infectious disease in floating population.
NPS Versus CDC: Scylla, Charybdis and the "Number Needed to [Under-] Treat".

This Spring, after years in preparation, two of the most important national documents of this decade for Americans with pain were released. Issued within days of each other in mid-March, they addressed the ironically concurrent public health crises of undertreated pain and epidemic opioid abuse. The two reports were prepared by separate branches of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services through distinct processes, one open and the other initially closed. Viewed side-by-side, they provide a case study of sharply divided views of what the nation’s top priority should be for patients with pain: improving the entire system of care for patients with pain, versus curtailing opioid prescribing. Though these goals are not mutually exclusive, as in many schisms and rivalries, the emphasis is on differences not agreement. One document, the National Pain Strategy (NPS), was developed by the “Interagency Pain Research Coordinating Committee” (IPRCC), a group of representatives from the Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH) and members of the public, including scientists and patient advocates. The IPRCC was formed in response to a 2011 mandate from the prestigious National Academy of Medicine calling for a detailed action plan to decrease the burden of undertreated pain. An oversight panel reported to co-chairs Linda Porter of NIH and Sean Mackey of Stanford, overlapping with his term as AAPM President. Fifteen other past and present AAPM members and officers participated in this effort: Drs. Buckenmaier, Carr, Cohen, Fishman, Gallagher, Green, Hamill-Ruth, Hogans (Murinson), Kerns, McCarberg, Rathmell, Stanos, Tauben, Wallace, and Webster. The NPS begins by documenting the large burden that pain – particularly chronic pain – places upon the American public, and then systematically addresses each …
Psychological Needs and Preferences for Teaching Exceptional Children

The relationship between psychological needs (as reflected by the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule and the Teacher Preference Schedule) and preferences for teaching certain exceptional children was studied in a sample of 534 regular and special education students and 192 practicing regular and special class teachers. A number of personality variables related to preferences for teaching certain exceptionalities were identified. The small numbers preferring to teach any one exceptionality and the failure in most instances to confirm the results across subject populations suggested the need for replication of the present study using larger and more representative samples of subjects.
White lesions of the mouth.

Over 20 different white lesions of the mouth have been identified both clinically and histologically. Because of the malignant potential of several white oral lesions, it is imperative that each be studied by biopsy unless there is an obvious cause or diagnosis. When possible, a specific diagnosis should be made so that individualized treatment may be given.
Should I ski today? The economics of ski resort season passes

ABSTRACTA multistage decision process is involved when season ticket holders choose to go snow skiing. First, they decide whether to purchase the season ticket. After the ticket is purchased, each day of the season the skier decides whether to ‘hit the slopes’ that day. Empirical models are estimated to examine how prices affect the number of season tickets sold for different types of skiers and how snowfall, weekends and time of the season influence skier visits. The findings suggest that skiers will ski enough times to receive at least a 50% discount than the daily ticket price.
WP-1130 Induces Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma Cells by Inactivation of Jak2 and Syk Tyrosine Kinases Via a Novel Mechanism of Selective Protein Trafficking

Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy affecting more than 50,000 people in the United States. The disease remains incurable despite significant recent advances in treatment, including the immunomodulatory agents, thalidomide and lenalidomide, and the proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib. Thus the search for additional agents is warranted. We have previously shown that WP1130 , a tyrphostin-like compound, has activity in a number of hematological malignancies including CML, mantle cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma. In this study, we investigated the activity and mechanism of action of WP1130 on multiple myeloma cells and compared these activities to bortezomib. Both WP1130 and bortezomib demonstrated significant cytotoxicity in MM1S cells with IC50s of 1 mM and 2 nM, respectively and both compounds induced similar levels of apoptosis (67% vs 73% cell death with WP1130 and bortezomib, respectively). Both WP1130 and bortezomib increased cellular ubiquitination levels in distinct cellular compartments but we were unable to detect 20S proteasome inhibition by WP1130. The effect of WP1130 on signaling modules in MM cells was also investigated. WP1130 altered the subcellular distribution of a subset of tyrosine kinases, including Jak2 and Syk which were irreversibly displaced from the cytoplasm to detergent insoluble complexes within the cell. Although Jak2 remained stable in this fraction, Syk was subject to proteolysis and destruction in this compartment. WP1130-induced translocation of these kinases through association with the cytoskeletal network and was associated with loss of cytokine and B-cell receptor signal transduction. WP1130 did not alter the cellular distribution of other tyrosine kinase or phosphoproteins including Lyn, STAT3, STAT5, PI3K, AKT, ERK, suggesting some selective protein translocation and signal modulation by WP1130. These results support a novel mechanism of protein trafficking, selective kinase destruction and apoptosis by WP1130 in MM cells.
A Minimal Contact Diet and Physical Activity Intervention for White-Collar Workers:

Minimal contact lifestyle interventions with multiple components coupled with health screening have the potential to improve worker health. The purpose of this study was to test a minimal contact m...
Estimates of nasal airflow at the nasal cycle mid-point improve the correlation between objective and subjective measures of nasal patency

Abstract Introduction The nasal cycle represents a significant challenge when comparing pre- and post-surgery objective measures of nasal airflow. Methods Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of nasal airflow were conducted in 12 nasal airway obstruction patients showing significant nasal cycling between pre- and post-surgery computed tomography scans. To correct for the nasal cycle, mid-cycle models were created virtually. Subjective scores of nasal patency were obtained via the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) and unilateral visual analog scale (VAS). Results The correlation between objective and subjective measures of nasal patency increased after correcting for the nasal cycle. In contrast to biophysical variables in individual patients, cohort averages were not significantly affected by the nasal cycle correction. Conclusions The ability to correct for the confounding effect of the nasal cycle is a key element that future virtual surgery planning software for nasal airway obstruction will need to account for when using anatomic models based on single instantaneous imaging.
Predicting psychological need satisfaction from differential coach treatment: Does receiving more of the coach’s attention than teammates matter?

This study examined whether differential treatment that individual athletes perceive predicted psychological need satisfaction. Perceiving more frequent interactions of all types (including both mo...
Genome-scale Estimation of the Tree of Life

Estimating the Tree of Life is one of the grand computational challenges in Science, and has applications to many areas of science and biomedical research. Despite intensive research over the last several decades, many problems remain inadequately solved. For example, multiple sequence alignment, maximum likelihood gene tree estimation, and species tree estimation from genome-scale data are problems that are not yet adequately addressed for large complex datasets. In this talk, I will describe the current state of the art for these problems, what is understood about these problems from a mathematical perspective, and identify some of the open problems in this area where mathematical research, drawing from graph theory, combinatorial optimization, and probability and statistics, is needed.
Sometimes, Rainfall Accumulates: Talk-Alouds with Novice Functional Programmers

When functional programming is used in studies of the Rainfall problem in CS1, most students seem to perform fairly well. A handful of students, however, still struggle, though with different surface-level errors than those reported for students programming imperatively. Prior research suggests that novice programmers tackle problems by refining a high-level program schema that they have seen for a similar problem. Functional-programming students, however, have often seen multiple schemas that would apply to Rainfall. How do novices navigate these choices? This paper presents results from a talk-aloud study in which novice functional programmers worked on Rainfall. We describe the criteria that drove students to select, and sometimes switch, their high-level program schema, as well as points where students realized that their chosen schema was not working. Our main contribution lies in our observations of how novice programmers approach a multi-task planning problem in the face of multiple viable schemas.
The role of B-cell subsets in pristane-induced lupus (130.14)

An intraperitoneal (ip) injection of pristane in mice induces a biphasic immune response characterized by an early T-independent phase (increased total IgM, IgM anti-ssDNA peaking at 2 wks) and a later T-dependent phase (increased total IgG, IgG anti-snRNPs, Su, chromatin after 4–6 wks). Although peritoneal B-1 cells are thought to be responsible for the early phase, they disappear after ip pristane. IgG autoantibodies can be produced in SCID mice by transferring peritoneal, spleen, or lymph node cells from pristane-treated mice. To evaluate further the role of B-cell subsets in the two phases of pristane-induced autoimmunity, GFP+ naive peritoneal, spleen, or bone marrow (bm) cells were transferred ip to T- and B-cell deficient RAG1−/− mice, followed by an ip pristane 3 days later. Autoantibodies and total Ig (ELISA), and the phenotypes of GFP+ cells in the recipients (flow cytometry) were analyzed. At 3 days prior to pristane ip, GFP+ peritoneal B-1 cells (CD19+CD11b+ CD5+ IgM+) were detected in recipients of bm, peritoneal, or spleen cells. Following pristane ip, peritoneal B-1 cells disappeared, as seen in immunocompetent mice. Analysis of GFP+ cells in peritoneal cavity at day 10 revealed the predominance of CD11b+ macrophages in the peritoneal cell recipients whereas T and B cells were predominant in bm or spleen cell recipients. In mice that received GFP+ spleen cells, IgM anti-ss- and -dsDNA dramatically increased at 2–4 weeks after pristane, while the total IgM levels increased in all groups at later time points. We conclude that splenic B cells may be responsible for the early IgM response in pristane model. Supported by NIH
A Multi-Product Lerner Index and Elasticity Aggregation

A method is proposed to aggregate product-by-product elasticities over groups of products so as to obtain aggregate group-by-group elasticities. It is shown that price-cost margins charged by multi-product firms can be written as minus an aggregate inverse elasticity, just as the traditional Lerner formula expresses the margin charged by a single-product firm as minus an inverse elasticity. Expressing the margins charged by multi-product firms in terms of elasticities is not new. What is new in this article is the recognition that the expressions can be interpreted as aggregate elasticities and that the shape of the Lerner formula survives aggregation.
Accent Modification in the Teleconferencing Industry

AbstractWithin the corporate environment of a teleconferencing call center, hourly paid conference operators (also referred to as “agents”) are trained to manage the technical and logistic features of conference calls for corporations located around the globe. In some locations, these employees are candidates for accent modification training due to the presence of a strong regional or foreign accent. While most employees understand the need for accent modification training within this environment, some may take a defensive stance regarding a recommendation from management to become involved in an accent modification training program. The discussion prior to training must be handled with sensitivity, and it is the Accent Modification Instructor’s challenge to present accent modification in such a way that employees do not feel as though their cultural or ethnic identity is being attacked or that their speech is deemed as substandard; however, changes surrounding an employee’s speech may be necessary in ord...
Die Turboaufladung: Von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart

Alfred Buchi (1879-1959) gilt weithin als der Vater der Turboaufladung. Sein erstes Patent, datiert 1905, markiert den Beginn einer globalen Industrie. Buchi erkannte, dass die Kopplung einer Zentrifugalmaschine mit einer Kolben- bzw. Verbrennungskraftmaschine die spezifische Motorleistung steigern wurde. Damit konnte er einen gegebenen Motor starker machen oder einen Motor mit einer gewunschten Leistung kleiner, leichter und preisgunstiger gestalten, als dieser es andernfalls ware. Dieses Grundprinzip hat bis heute Bestand und bleibt die Grundvoraussetzung dafur, dass sich eine globale Industrie entwickeln und soweit wachsen konnte, dass fast jeder Dieselmotor und rund 30% aller Benzinmotoren turboaufgeladen sind. Heute, im Jahr 2017, hat die Branche eine geschatzte Grose von 32 Millionen Einheiten pro Jahr mit einem Wert von etwa 9-10 Milliarden US-Dollar.
The relationship between speech recognition, behavioural listening effort, and subjective ratings.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of four subjective questions related to listening effort. A secondary purpose of this study was to evaluate the eff...
Dental enamel hypoplasias in Holocene bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in eastern Washington state, USA

Dental enamel hypoplasias have been documented in extant and fossil mammal species and attributed to several kinds of physiological stress. They have not previously been reported among bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis Shaw, 1804). Forty-six (36.8%) of 125 mandibular molars (m1, m2, m3) of bighorn recovered from disturbed Holocene archaeological deposits in eastern Washington state display several kinds of hypoplasias. The exact ontogenetic age of the individual animals when hypoplasias formed cannot be determined. The majority of the hypoplasias occur near the root–enamel junction of the m3, suggesting that most individuals were young adults when the defect formed. Physiological stress associated with reproductive costs, winter nutritional deficits, or both seems likely.
Multimodal brain imaging investigation of self-reported sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in older adults with heart failure.

Purpose of the study: Individuals with heart failure (HF) have a high frequency of sleep problems. Patients with HF present with structural brain changes different from normal aging including reduc...
Specificity of Design to Achieve Antagonists of LHRH of Increasing Effectiveness in Therapeutic Activity

The pioneering work on TRH [1–4] inspired the staff of the Institute for Biomedical Research of the University of Texas at Austin to isolate concentrates of LHRH from tissue and conduct chemical and enzymic inactivation experiments toward determining certain amino acids in LHRH. These studies [5] resulted in the crucial conclusion that LHRH is a decapeptide rather than a nonapeptide [6]. These inactivation experiments not only provided accurate structural information, but were the basis for the synthesis of <Glu-Tyr-Arg-Trp-NH2 [7]. the first reported synthetic LHRH agonist. These early successes on TRH and LliRH were the basis for K. Folkers and C. Bowers to join in the transition to antagonists of LHRH.
Impact of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) on utilization of Implantable-Cardioverter-Defibrillators (ICD) for primary prophylaxis of sudden cardiac death.

Background Currently, left ventricular dysfunction derived from echocardiography is the main basis for determining eligibility of patients for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) placement in the primary prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD). However, recent trials suggest that approximately 14 to 18 patients with ventricular dysfunction need to have an ICD implanted to prevent 1 death. Given the substantial cost and potential for complications, improved risk stratification to identify patients who would benefit most from ICD implantation remains an important public health challenge. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is the current gold standard for measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). We hypothesized that using LVEF derived from CMR compared with echocardiography may lead to a significant impact on ICD implantation rates which could translate into improved selection of patients and possible cost reductions.
Intravenous progesterone elicits a more rapid induction of lordosis in rats than does SKF38393

In ovariectomized (ovx), estradiol (E)-primed rats, progesterone (P) facilitates sexual receptivity within 2–30 min following intravenous (i.v.) administration. Intracerebroventricular infusion of P or the dopamine receptor type 1-like (D1) agonist, SKF38393, increases lordosis in ovx, E-primed rats, and intracellular progestin receptor (PR) blockers attenuate P and SKF38393’s facilitation of lordosis. The present experiments examined whether P can have effects via Dl receptors and compared the onset of P’s and SKF38393’s induction of lordosis following i.v. administration. Ovx rats (N = 20) with i.v. jugular catheters were primed daily with 2 µg E subcutaneously and were pretested for sexual receptivity. In Experiment 1, rats (n = 10) were repeatedly tested for receptivity 3–7, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min following i.v. infusion of P (2 µg), SKF38393 (100 ng), and propylene glycol vehicle (0.2 cc). Progesterone increased postinfusion lordosis at all test times, whereas SKF38393’s increases in lordosis were not statistically significant until 15 min following i.v. infusion, relative to lordosis following vehicle or pretest conditions in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, rats (n = 15; 5 from Experiment 1, and 10 new subjects) received infusions of the antiprogestin, RU38486, the D1 antagonist, SCH23390, or vehicle followed by a second P or vehicle infusion. Although both RU38486 and SCH23390 blocked the facilitatory effects of P on lordosis, their effects varied. RU38486 completely blocked P’s effects, whereas SCH23390 did not. In Experiment 3, rats (n = 15, from Experiment 2) received infusions of RU38486, SCH23390, or vehicle followed by a second SKF38393 or vehicle infusion. RU38486 and SCH23390 both effectively blocked the facilitatory effects of SKF38393 on lordosis. In Experiment 4, rats (n = 15, from Experiment 3) received i.v. infusions of P, which rapidly and significantly increased the number of super-threshold spikes in the ventral tegmental area, but not in the ventral medial hypothalamus or in the parietal cortex. These data suggest that actions at intracellular progestin receptors do not account for all of P’s effects to facilitate receptivity. Interestingly, although PRs may be involved in P and D1 ligand’s activation of female sexual behavior, D1 receptors are not required for P’s effects. However, i.v. P rapidly and significantly alters neuronal activity in sites with the greatest concentration of dopamine neurons (ventral tegmental area > ventral medial hypothalamus > cortex).
The closed-form particular solutions for the Laplace operator using oscillatory radial basis functions in 2D

Abstract The closed-form particular solutions of the radial basis functions (RBFs) are essential for the implementation of several numerical methods to solve various partial differential equations (PDEs). Recently, a new class of oscillatory RBFs has been introduced. In this paper, we derive the closed-form particular solutions of the oscillatory RBFs for the Laplace operator in 2D so that it can be applied to particular solutions based numerical methods. We have successfully implemented the newly derived particular solutions in the method of particular solutions (MPS) for solving Poisson’s equation as well as elliptic PDEs with variable coefficients.
Urbanism, Colonialism and the World-economy

Recent years have witnessed a surge in public awareness concerning the impact of world economic forces on cities. In this challenging book, the author argues that though the consciousness is new the phenomena themselves are not. For the past two centuries at least, world economic, political and cultural forces have been major factors shaping cities, patterns of urbanization and the physical and spatial forms of the built environment. Anthony King believes that the historical context of contemporary global restructuring must be recognized if present-day urban and regional change is to be properly understood. He explores and documents the cultural and spatial links between metropolitan core and colonial periphery and examines the historical foundations of the world urban system. He also looks at the social production of building and urban form, and demonstrates their potential for understanding economic, political, socail and cultural change on a global scale.
A new null model approach to quantify performance and significance for ecological niche models of species distributions

AIM: Ecological niche modelling requires robust estimation of model performance and significance, but common evaluation approaches often yield biased estimates. Null models provide a solution but are rarely used in this field. We implemented an important modification to existing null model tests, evaluating null models with the same withheld records that were used to evaluate the real model. We built and evaluated models across a range of modelling scenarios and for various performance measures using the algorithm Maxent and the monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus). LOCATION: Native range in Southern America and global invasions predominantly in North/Central America and Europe. METHODS: We tested the ability of models built under 15 scenarios (five sets of calibration records and three settings that varied the level of model complexity) to predict spatially independent evaluation data in the invaded range (in effect, testing the models under spatial transfer). We quantified performance with measures of discriminatory ability and overfitting based on area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the omission error rate. We estimated null distributions of these measures and calculated effect size and significance. We determined how these estimates varied across modelling scenarios, comparing with two tests existing in the literature. RESULTS: Performance varied starkly across modelling scenarios. As expected, the measures of overfitting agreed with each other and provided different information than that of discriminatory ability. However, high performance per se did not show strong association with high effect size and significance. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Ecological niche models should be assessed with measures of effect size and significance based on appropriate null distributions, in contrast to several approaches existing in the literature. The proposed approach using independent evaluation data, implemented with our accompanying code and R package, allows such estimates for either the same or a different region/time period, and it merits use and continued development.
US Collegiate Athletics

This book looks at the Law and Policy on Betting and Sport in many countries around the world––sport is a global phenomenon––providing a very useful and valuable comparative survey on a subject that is so vital for safeguarding and preserving the integrity of those sports in which betting is legally allowed.The country reports show how sports-related betting is organized in the country concerned, also from a historical and policy perspective (national Lotteries Act; state run/state licensed lotteries and/or private operators; how the licensing system for public operators works; state supervisory mechanisms, etc.), and contain a treatment of the national case law.
Patient-reported outcomes in light of supportive medications in treatment-naïve lung cancer patients.

The impact of supportive medications on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) has not been systematically evaluated. We describe the supportive medications used by treatment-naive lung cancer patients and assess their association with PROs from MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI). Treatment-naive lung cancer patients who completed PROs from MDASI at the initial visit to MD Anderson Cancer Center were included. Medications from the initial visit were abstracted from the electronic medical records system and categorized into therapeutic classes based on U.S. Pharmacopeia v7.0. A chi-square or Mann-Whitney U test was conducted as appropriate. Among 459 patients, ~ 50% took any analgesics and 25% were on opioids. One-third of patients with moderate-severe pain were not on any analgesics. Patients taking opioids had significantly worse median pain scores (6 vs. 0) compared with those not taking any analgesics (p < 0.0001). Higher proportion of patients with moderate-severe pain took opioids compared with those with mild pain (52% vs. 16%, p < 0.0001). Patients on opioids also reported significantly worse scores for five other cancer-specific core symptoms and all six symptoms rating interference with daily life. Only 15% of patients with higher composite score for depression-related symptoms were on antidepressants. However, patients taking antidepressants did not significantly differ in any individual MDASI symptom scores compared with those not on antidepressants (p = 0.4858). Our results suggest a need for better screening for pain and depression and optimization of pain management in treatment-naive lung cancer patients since their poor functional status may result in suboptimal cancer therapy.
Modeling the effects of loading scenario and thermal expansion coefficient on potential failure of cryo-compressed hydrogen vessels

Abstract A multiscale thermomechanical model for a simplified Type-3 cryogenic, compressed-hydrogen (H2) storage vessel is described in this paper. The model accounts for the temperature-dependent elastic-plastic behavior of the vessel's carbon/epoxy composite overwrap and aluminum alloy liner. The homogenized thermo-elastic-plastic behavior for the individual laminae of the vessel layup is obtained using an incremental Eshelby-Mori-Tanaka approach associated with a micromechanical failure criterion to predict laminar failure while a standard elastic-plastic constitutive model is used to describe the behavior of the typical aluminum alloy assumed for the liner. The vessel's response to external loadings is modeled using a finite element method. Four loading scenarios, representing four thermomechanical cycles applied to the vessel, are analyzed to evaluate constituent and laminar stresses as well as the associated failure criterion during the cycle according to these scenarios. The model can provide helpful guidance to mitigate thermal stresses by selecting a suitable loading scenario, optimizing the layup, and tailoring the thermomechanical properties of the resin matrix.
Phase separation and transformation of binary immiscible systems in molten core-derived optical fibers

This work studies phase-separated fibers in the CaO-SiO2 and NiO-SiO2 systems. The nature of the phase-separated microstructures and underlying phase equilibria are discussed, including dimensionality, composition, and phase formation as well as the realization of ferrimagnetic behavior in the NiO-SiO2 fibers based on the formation of metallic Ni inclusions. In addition to understanding the composition/processing relationships in these systems, the work represents a step forward toward novel magneto-optic fibers. It is important to understand the underlying materials science in order to advance the properties of novel optical fibers possessing engineered heterogeneities in the core.
TEACH and repeat: Deliberate practice for teaching.

Background Deliberate practice facilitates skill mastery. We aimed to create a novel resident-as-teacher rotation, leveraging a deliberate practice framework with repeated practice in real-life teaching settings, with feedback from dedicated faculty member coaches. Methods A resident-as-teacher rotation was designed for 35 Postgraduate Year-2 (PGY2) paediatric residents. To facilitate deliberate practice, teaching experiences were observed by faculty member coaches and were repeated with different audiences. Participating residents received pre-rotation, post-rotation and follow-up surveys on their confidence and comfort with teaching, supervision and feedback skills. All residents were also surveyed the year before and the year after implementation on their perceptions of their teaching, supervision and feedback skills, and whether the residency provided adequate training on these topics. Results Survey response rates varied from 40 to 71%. The rotation was highly valued, and deliberate practice was a most valued aspect. Mean scores in comfort and confidence significantly increased from pre- to post-rotation, with these increases sustained months later. Prior to implementation, residents' perceptions of their teaching skills and the adequacy of their training increased incrementally with each postgraduate year. After the inaugural year of the rotation, the PGY2 class rated their teaching skills and training as higher than more experienced residents. Discussion A novel resident-as-teacher rotation successfully incorporated deliberate practice in real-life settings by repeating teaching activities with feedback from dedicated coaches. The rotation led to sustained increases in residents' confidence in their teaching, supervising and feedback skills, and improved perceptions of their teaching training during residency.
Effects of Anger and Display Urgency on Takeover Performance in Semi-automated Vehicles

As semi-automated vehicles get to have the ability to drive themselves, it is important (1) to explore drivers’ affective states which may influence takeover performance and (2) to design optimized control transition displays to warn drivers to take control back from the vehicles. The present study investigated the influence of anger on drivers’ takeover reaction time and quality, with varying urgency of auditory takeover request displays. Using a driving simulator, 36 participants experienced takeover scenarios in a semi-automated vehicle with a secondary task (game). Higher frequency and more repetitions of the auditory displays led to faster takeover reaction times, but there was no difference between angry and neutral drivers. For takeover quality, angry drivers drove faster, took longer to change lanes and had lower steering wheel angles than neutral drivers, which made riskier driving. Results are discussed with the necessity of affect research and display design guidelines in automated vehicles.
Religion, spirituality, and mental illness among working professionals: an in-depth interview study

Religion and spirituality (R/S) tend to be associated with emotional wellbeing, but less is known about how they function in the lives of people with mental illness. This paper presents an analysis...
From organism behaviour to molecular mechanisms.

Prachee Avasthi highlights how a 1969 study by Rosenbaum and colleagues on Chlamydomonas provided a framework for the understanding of the structure and function of cilia.
Building an Infrastructure for Organizational Learning: A Multilevel Approach

Organizational environments are increasingly turbulent, chaotic, and unpredictable, thereby creating demands for organizational flexibility, agility, and adaptability (Terreberry, 1968). Organizations have responded to these pressures in a multitude of ways. They have made structural changes to organize work around teams (Lawler, Mohrman, & Ledford, 1995), to push expertise closer to the source of problems, to enable more rapid decision making, and to empower flexible action. They have made investments in information technology to manage knowledge acquisition, retention, and transfer (Argote, McEvily, & Reagans, 2003). Furthermore, they have invested in human capital to increase their collective knowledge stock and capacities (Davenport, 1999).
Bioethics of New Assisted Reproduction

Infertility is widespread, and, given socialisation about the value of genetically related children, causes much suffering. Assisted reproduction (AR) can enable the infertile to reproduce. As a mostly private sector enterprise, it is delivered primarily as innovative therapy rather than the product of rigorously vetted research, putting women and children at risk of both some immediate harms and unknown long-term ones. This state of affairs also means that it is difficult for treatment to proceed with genuinely meaningful informed consent. There is also much ethical controversy about the ever-widening potential scope of AR, among which can be found IVF, ICSI, PGD, PGS, frozen sperm, embryos and eggs, assisted hatching, surrogacy, genetic screening and testing, mtDNA donation and artificial gametes. Regulation of the procedures ranges from minimal or non-existent to quite stringent; however, the latter does not necessarily focus on harm prevention. Key Concepts Human societies socialise their members to seek genetically related children, even at great cost. Infertility is widespread and causes much suffering. Much infertility could be prevented, but AR focuses on helping infertile individuals reproduce after it has developed. AR has, for the most part, developed as innovative treatment rather than as the product of rigorous research programmes, putting women and their children at risk of both immediate harm and unknown long-term risks. The context within which AR proceeds also makes truly informed decision-making and informed consent difficult. There is a much ethical controversy about AR. AR needs more stringent regulation to protect women and children from harm. Keywords: assisted reproduction; IVF; ICSI; genetics; ethics; informed consent; harm
Numerical Methods for Engineers and Scientists Using MATLAB

Background and Introduction Background Introduction to Numerical Methods Problem Set Introduction to MATLAB(R) MATLAB(R) Built-In Functions Vectors and Matrices User-Defined Functions and Script Files Program Flow Control Displaying Formatted Data Symbolic Toolbox Plotting Problem Set Solution of Equations of a Single Variable Numerical Solution of Equations Bisection Method Regula Falsi Method (Method of False Position) Fixed-Point Method Newton's Method (Newton-Raphson Method) Secant Method Equations with Several Roots Problem Set Solution of Systems of Equations Linear Systems of Equations Numerical Solution of Linear Systems Gauss Elimination Method LU Factorization Methods Iterative Solution of Linear Systems Ill-Conditioning and Error Analysis Systems of Nonlinear Equations Problem Set Curve Fitting (Approximation) and Interpolation Least-Squares Regression Linear Regression Linearization of Nonlinear Data Polynomial Regression Polynomial Interpolation Spline Interpolation Fourier Approximation and Interpolation Problem Set Numerical Differentiation and Integration Numerical Differentiation Finite-Difference Formulas for Numerical Differentiation Numerical Integration: Newton-Cotes Formulas Numerical Integration of Analytical Functions: Romberg Integration, Gaussian Quadrature Improper Integrals Problem Set Numerical Solution of Initial-Value Problems One-Step Methods Euler's Method Runge-Kutta Methods Multistep Methods Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations Stability Stiff Differential Equations MATLAB(R) Built-In Functions for Initial-Value Problems Problem Set Numerical Solution of Boundary-Value Problems Shooting Method Finite-Difference Method BVPs with Mixed Boundary Conditions MATLAB(R) Built-In Function bvp4c for BVPs Problem Set Matrix Eigenvalue Problem Power Method: Estimation of the Dominant Eigenvalue Deflation Methods Householder Tridiagonalization and QR Factorization Methods Problem Set Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations Introduction Elliptic PDEs Parabolic PDEs Hyperbolic PDEs Problem Set Bibliography Index
Evolution of Selective Estrogen and Androgen Receptor Modulators: Status of Current Therapy and New Drug Development

Prior to the discovery of nonsteroidal selective estrogen and androgen receptor modulators (SERMs and SARMs), the only available treatment modalities for conditions such as menopausal symptoms and postmenopausal osteoporosis in women, and the symptoms associated with hypogonadism in men, were steroid based. As this chapter will discuss, recent clinical trial data have shown that the long-term use of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and may increase the risk of coronary heart disease and dementia, contrary to the results of previous observational studies. There are also concerns that androgen replacement therapy in hypogonadal men may pose a risk to prostate health, in addition to the difficulties inherent with the delivery of steroidal androgens. Thus, there is now great interest in developing nonsteroidal, orally bioavailable therapies, that is, SERMs and SARMs, that can provide the respective benefits of estrogens and androgens while minimizing their associated side effects. Keywords: hormone replacement therapy; hypogonadism; coronary heart disease; nonsteroidal selective estrogen and androgen receptor modulators (SERMs and SARMs); bioavailable therapy
Stanev v. Bulgaria: On the Pathway to Freedom

In this article, I suggest that the January 2012 judgment of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in Stanev v. Bulgaria takes us a few steps along the path towards freedom. Rather like a Franz Kafka novel, the judgment is a story about an ordinary person who became entangled in a web of antiquated laws and perverse processes, and who ended up in a grotesque situation from which he found it impossible to extricate himself. Rusi Stanev, the applicant, is an extraordinarily tenacious man who faced State absurdity and abuse, and who risked retribution by putting Bulgaria in the dock at the ECtHR in Strasbourg, and won. His life and his case are unique, but his is the voice of millions of others’ that we will never hear. They are — like he was — locked away and silenced.
32-bit embedded processors: the push for higher performance

In the evolving world of avionics and defense system design, many engineers face the problem of designing a higher performance product with lower power requirements and a small form-factor. Microcontrollers meet the integration and power restrictions of embedded designs, but do not provide enough throughput and performance. Today, avionics designs need the integration of a microcontroller with the performance of a microprocessor. Many companies are providing embedded microprocessors to meet this need. New integrated 32-bit microprocessors offer fast data manipulation with the features needed to reduce a design's chip-count and power consumption. With today's applications, system designers must move to integrated, surface-mount microprocessors that satisfy their design issues. This paper explores the advantages of integrating peripherals with a powerful 32-bit microprocessor. It details the power management and peripheral features that make integrated microprocessors the answer to small form-factor avionics designs.
“Docility” versus reciprocity as an explantion for evolutionary selection for altruistic behavior

Abstract Simon (1990; Science, 250 , 1665–1668) recently argued that “docility”—the tendency to believe what one is expected to learn and believe—can account for persons behaving altruistically in the biological-genetic sense of risking one's own reproductive fitness in order to benefit others. A major and probably unfounded assumption on Simon's part is that social forces necessarily dispose one to be generally altruistic to others. One could argue that docility and reciprocal altruism (the most commonly invoked explanation for altruism toward non-kin) are correlated, with reciprocal altruism a dimension of docility, but there are points at which it is possible to devise differential predictions from the docility and the reciprocal altruism positions. A review of studies of correlates of human altruism favor reciprocal altruism over docility as an explanation for individual differences in altruism toward non-kin.
The origins of correlation effects in the valence ionization energies of N2: A generalized-valence-bond interpretation

Abstract We find that the main error in the Hartree-Fock description of the π ionization of N 2 is the neglect of differing intra- and inter-pair π-electron correlation in the ground and ion states. The main error in the o ionizations is the neglect of hole localization in the ion states.
Speckled Lentiginous Nevus Syndrome Associated with Musculoskeletal Abnormalities

Speckled lentiginous nevus syndrome is a recently described neurocutaneous disorder characterized by speckled lentiginous nevus in association with hyperhidrosis, skin dysesthesia, and muscular weakness in an ipsilateral manner. We report a 9-year-old boy with a large speckled lentiginous nevus on his trunk, bilateral upper extremities, and neck associated with hyperhidrosis and nonspecific pain in the distribution of the nevus in addition to prominent upper extremity asymmetry and scoliosis. Similar musculoskeletal abnormalities have been reported in patients with phacomatosis pigmentovascularis and phacomatosis pigmentokeratotica which feature speckled lentiginous nevus; however, this patient demonstrates striking musculoskeletal abnormalities in the absence of coexisting vascular lesions or nevus sebaceous.
Abstract 5631: The effect of pomegranate extract dose on prostate cancer growth in a carbohydrate restricted mouse xenograft model

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Introduction: Preclinical studies have shown that dietary carbohydrate restriction slows prostate tumor growth in multiple xenograft models in part due to a reduction insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis signaling. Pomegranate extract (PE) has been shown to slow prostate tumor growth in-vitro and in vivo similarly through this pathway, as well as decrease markers of angiogenesis and inflammation. In this study, we determined the dose-response of PE on prostate tumor growth in the setting of dietary carbohydrate restriction in a slow-growing mouse xenograft model. For this study, we chose a standardized PE (POMx, Pom Wonderful, Los Angeles, CA), at doses which are easily translatable to human equivalents. Materials and Methods: Male athymic nude mice housed 5 per cage (n = 130) were subcutaneously injected with 1 × 10^5 LAPC-4 cells after a 10 day acclimation period. 14 days post-injection, all mice were all placed on an ad-libitum no-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (NCKD: 83% fat, 0% carbohydrate, 17% protein) (day 0). Each cage was randomly assigned to 1 of 4 doses of PE (placebo = 0 mg, low dose = 2.62 mg, intermediate dose = 5.25mg, or high dose = 7.87mg) suspended in 0.2 mL of PBS delivered via oral gavage 5 days per week. These doses are equivalent to 0, 1, 2, or 3 POMx capsules/day consumed by a 70 kg human. Mice will be sacrificed when tumors reach ≥1,000 mm^3. Results: At randomization, there were no differences in median body weight among groups (p = 0.623). Currently, at day 32, overall survival is decreased in the placebo group (hazard ratio 2.26, 95% confidence interval, 0.83 - 6.10, p = 0.109) relative to the low dose PE group with no survival differences among PE groups. Median tumor volumes for the placebo group are 83.3mm^3, compared to 74.5mm^3, 76.3mm^3, and 70.1mm^3 for the low, intermediate, and high PE doses respectively, which are not statistically different (p = 0.98). Conclusions: Preliminary data show a trend toward improved survival with the combination of an NCKD and PE at the selected doses. Currently, tumor volumes are not significantly different, however completed results will be presented. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5631. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5631
An Assessment of Potential Oil Spill Damage to Salt Marsh Habitats and Fishery Resources in Galveston Bay, Texas

We sampled nekton, benthic infauna, and sediments in salt marshes of upper Galveston Bay, Texas to examine relationships between habitat use and sediment hydrocarbon concentration. Most marsh sediment samples were contaminated with relatively low concentrations of weathered petroleum hydrocarbons. We found few statistically significant negative relationships between animal density and hydrocarbon concentration (6 of 63 taxa examined using simple linear regression). Hydrocarbon concentration did not contribute significantly to Stepwise Multiple Regression models we used to explore potential relationships between animal densities and environmental parameters; in most cases where hydrocarbon concentration was an important variable in the models, the relationship was positive (i.e., animal densities increased with hydrocarbon concentration). Low hydrocarbon concentrations in sediments of upper Galveston Bay marshes could have contributed to our results either because levels were too low to be toxic or levels were toxic but too low to be detected by most organisms.
Debating the Future: A Social Security Political Leadership Simulation

Students are well served by course simulations that employ active learning styles and student-driven interaction. For debate on political issues, particular public policies are quite effective in stimulating that discussion. We developed an in-class simulation of political debate on the issue of Social Security. We describe the simulation itself, describe the learning goals and assessment model, explain its administration and offer some insights into the broader application of the simulation in other courses.