cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Absence of cold resistance in sarcoplasmic Ca--ATPase in a hibernating mammal.

Abstract 1. 1. The sarcoplasmic reticular Ca-ATPase activities of a hibernator, Citellus tridecemlineatus and of a non-hibernator, Rattus norvegicus were compared at various temperatures. No differences were found between the two species with regard to enzyme temperature sensitivity.
The Effect of Bilaterality, Pathological Features And Surgical Outcome in Nonhereditary Renal Cell Carcinoma

ABSTRACTPurpose: We evaluated the differences in cancer specific, distant metastasis-free and local recurrence-free survival in patients with sporadic subtype concordant bilateral synchronous renal cell carcinoma and those with unilateral renal cell carcinoma, controlling for the covariates of subtype, stage, tumor size, grade and necrosis. We also analyzed early surgical complications and long-term renal function in patients who underwent staged surgery and those who underwent a single operation for bilateral synchronous renal cell carcinomaMaterials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 44 patients with sporadic subtype concordant bilateral synchronous renal cell carcinoma treated at our institution between 1970 and 1998. There were 32 patients with bilateral synchronous clear cell renal cell carcinoma and 12 with bilateral synchronous papillary renal cell carcinoma. These patients were compared with 1,714 with sporadic unilateral clear cell renal cell carcinoma and 322 with sporadic unilateral papi...
Project MICAS: a multivendor open-system incremental approach to implementing an integrated enterprise-wide PACS: works in progress

The Medical Information, Communication and Archive System (MICAS) is a multi-vendor incremental approach to PACS. MICAS is a multi-modality integrated image management system that incorporates the radiology information system (RIS) and radiology image database (RID) with future 'hooks' to other hospital databases. Even though this approach to PACS is more risky than a single-vendor turn-key approach, it offers significant advantages. The vendors involved in the initial phase of MICAS are IDX Corp., ImageLabs, Inc. and Digital Equipment Corp (DEC). The network architecture operates at 100 MBits per sec except between the modalities and the stackable intelligent switch which is used to segment MICAS by modality. Each modality segment contains the acquisition engine for the modality, a temporary archive and one or more diagnostic workstations. All archived studies are available at all workstations, but there is no permanent archive at this time. At present, the RIS vendor is responsible for study acquisition and workflow as well as maintenance of the temporary archive. Management of study acquisition, workflow and the permanent archive will become the responsibility of the archive vendor when the archive is installed in the second quarter of 1998. The modalities currently interfaced to MICAS are MRI, CT and a Howtek film digitizer with Nuclear Medicine and computed radiography (CR) to be added when the permanent archive is installed. There are six dual-monitor diagnostic workstations which use ImageLabs Shared Vision viewer software located in MRI, CT, Nuclear Medicine, musculoskeletal reading areas and two in Radiology's main reading area. One of the major lessons learned to date is that the permanent archive should have been part of the initial MICAS installation and the archive vendor should have been responsible for image acquisition rather than the RIS vendor. Currently an archive vendor is being selected who will be responsible for the management of the archive plus the HIS/RIS interface, image acquisition, modality work list manager and interfacing to the current DICOM viewer software. The next phase of MICAS will include interfacing ultrasound, locating servers outside of the Radiology LAN to support the distribution of images and reports to the clinical floors and physician offices both within and outside of the University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC) campus and the teaching archive.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Execution of Joe Arridy: comments of a forensic expert.

This is an abbreviated version of an affidavit, submitted in the fall of 2010, in support of a petition to grant a posthumous pardon for Joe Arridy, a man with intellectual disability who was executed in Colorado’s gas chamber in 1939 at the age of 23. In this affidavit I focus mainly on Arridy’s intellectual disability. In another article in this issue (also derived from an affidavit), Robert Perske focuses more on the tainted prosecution and trial as well as evidence for Arridy’s innocence. On January 7, 2011, outgoing Colorado governor Bill Ritter, Jr., granted that posthumous pardon, citing both of these factors: the great likelihood that Joe Arridy did not commit the crime for which he was executed and the impact of Arridy’s very significant cognitive deficits that affected his ability to receive a fair trial. Readers should be cautioned that I use now-offensive terminology, not because I find it acceptable but to accurately reflect the historical record. I acknowledge my tremendous debt to Robert Perske for bringing this case to light (and helping me understand Joe Arridy) and Denver attorney David Martinez for leading the legal fight to secure this long-overdue pardon.
Accurate calculation of the 4p lifetimes of Ca

A recent measurement with improved (1%) accuracy of the ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{+}$ 4${p}_{1/2}$ and 4${p}_{3/2}$ lifetimes reported a discrepancy of about 9% with the available theoretical estimates. I report an improved calculation based on a recently developed and employed method which yields excellent agreement with these high-accuracy measurements.
Graphs with specified radius and diameter

The radius and diameter of a graph are known to satisfy the relation rad G @? diam G @? 2 rad G. We show that this is the only restriction on these parameters and construct all non-isomorphic graphs of minimal order having a specified radius and diameter.
The metabolism of inorganic arsenic oxides, gallium arsenide, and arsine: a toxicochemical review

The aim of this review is to compare the metabolism, chemistry, and biological effects to determine if either of the industrial arsenicals (arsine and gallium arsenide) act like the environmental arsenic oxides (arsenite and arsenate). The metabolism of the arsenic oxides has been extensively investigated in the past 4 years and the differences between the arsenic metabolites in the oxidation states +III versus +V and with one or two methyl groups added have shown increased importance. The arsenic oxide metabolism has been compared with arsine (oxidation state -III) and arsenide (oxidation state between 0 to -III). The different metabolites appear to have different strengths of reaction for binding arsenic (III) to thiol groups, their oxidation-reduction reactions and their forming an arsenic-carbon bond. It is unclear if the differences in parameters such as the presence or absence of methyl metabolites, the rates of AsV reduction compared to the rates of AsIII oxidation, or the competition of phosphate and arsenate for cellular uptake are large enough to change biological effects. The arsine rate of decomposition, products of metabolism, target organ of toxic action, and protein binding appeared to support an oxidized arsenic metabolite. This arsine metabolite was very different from anything made by the arsenic oxides. The gallium arsenide had a lower solubility than any other arsenic compound and it had a disproportionate intensity of lung damage to suggest that the GaAs had a site of contact interaction and that oxidation reactions were important in its toxicity. The urinary metabolites after GaAs exposure were the same as excreted by arsenic oxides but the chemical compounds responsible for the toxic effects of GaAs are different from the arsenic oxides. The review concludes that there is insufficient evidence to equate the different arsenic compounds. There are several differences in the toxicity of the arsenic compounds that will require substantial research.
Half-life and metabolic clearance rate of recombinant-derived chicken growth hormone and purified turkey growth hormone in intact and hypophysectomized turkeys.

Abstract The half-life and metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of natural turkey growth hormone (tGH) were compared with those of recombinant-derived chicken growth hormone (rcGH) in intact and hypophysectomized (hypox) turkey poults at 8 and 13 wk of age. The hypox poults used were all hypophysectomized at 8 wk of age. The purpose of the experiment was to determine whether the source of growth hormone (GH) or the physiological changes associated with hypophysectomy might affect the disappearance of the hormone from the circulation and, hence, alter the biological response of the bird to exogenous GH. The mean half-life of GH in the growing turkey was 12.88 ± .54 (SE) min. The source of GH had no effect on half-life, and GH half-life did not vary significantly between poults sampled at 8 and 13 wk. Hypophysectomy significantly (P The MCR of GH in hypox poults 2 days following hypophysectomy was markedly lower than that of intact birds (1.08 versus 2.95 mL/min; P It was concluded that the half-life and clearance rate of bacterially produced chicken GH is indistinguishable from that of pituitary-derived tGH and that hypophysectomy causes an increase in the half-life and decrease in the MCR of administered avian GH.
Sensitivity of Achievement Estimation to Conditioning Model Misclassification

Large-scale assessment programs such as the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), and Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) use a sophisticated assessment administration design called matrix sampling that minimizes the testing burden on individual students. Under a matrix sampling approach, not every examinee is administered every item, which poses currently intractable challenges to estimating individual achievement. Instead, population achievement is estimated via a latent regression approach that uses item responses and a vector of examinee background information (e.g., gender and ethnicity). This vector of covariates, used in an imputation model (more commonly called a conditioning model), is assumed to be fully measured, without error. Using simulated data that follows typical large-scale assessment designs, this article provides some evidence that departures from this assumption can have a meaningful impact ...
Psychological Issues Raised in the California Supreme Court Case People vs Collins

In a California armed robbery trial one member of the jury was dismissed after a significant period of deliberation. Shortly after an alternate was added to the jury the defendant was found guilty. Upon appeal the California State Supreme Court upheld the conviction but defined a new procedure requiring judges to instruct the jury to forget their prior deliberation and begin anew upon the substitution of a new juror. In a simulation of the situation, half of the subjects were assigned to juries in which two confederates argued for conviction while the other half were assigned to juries without confederates. A poll of the jury showed that the confederates were effective in persuading more subjects to favor conviction. Then a late juror was introduced and judges' instructions to begin deliberations anew were read. The new California procedure assumes that a judge's instructions can serve to negate the effect of prior deliberations. Contrary to this assumption the judge's instructions were not effective as a...
Apomorphine: effect on growth hormone.

Apomorphine (0.75 mg sc) was found to elicit growth hormone release in normal men. The younger men had a significantly greater peak growth hormone response to apomorphine as compared to the older men. Among other possible explanations, this finding may indicate that dopamine receptors in the hypothalamus are more sensitive to apomorphine in younger than in older men.
Observations on isobutamide in patients with heart failure.

1. The continuous administration of Isobutamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, over a six week period maintained a group of cardiac patients free of edema with sustained weight loss. The patients remained free of symptoms and signs of congestive heart failure during this time. 2. It would appear that the weight loss maintained in cardiac patients receiving isobutamide is slightly more than that produced by a similar dose of acetazolamide (Diamox). 3. The bioassay of isobutamide shows similar increases in sodium and water excretion as are observed following administration of Diamox (acetazolamide).
Control of hopping height for a one-legged hopping machine

The control of the hopping height in a one-legged machine is studied. The general aim is to decrease sensitivity of the hopping height to drifts in the machine's parameters. The proposed approach combines a near-inverse controller which uses height feedback, with a recursive least-squares parameter estimator which continually tunes the controller. The paper presents the mechanical design of the hopping leg, as well as simulations of its performance in tracking a piecewise-constant height reference. These simulations suggest that the resulting algorithm is both computationally feasible and robust to disturbances and drifts.
Intercontinental Circulation of Human Influenza A(H1N2) Reassortant Viruses during the 2001–2002 Influenza Season

Reassortant influenza A viruses bearing the H1 subtype of hemagglutinin (HA) and the N2 subtype of neuraminidase (NA) were isolated from humans in the United States, Canada, Singapore, Malaysia, India, Oman, Egypt, and several countries in Europe during the 2001-2002 influenza season. The HAs of these H1N2 viruses were similar to that of the A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1) vaccine strain both antigenically and genetically, and the NAs were antigenically and genetically related to those of recent human H3N2 reference strains, such as A/Moscow/10/99(H3N2). All 6 internal genes of the H1N2 reassortants examined originated from an H3N2 virus. This article documents the first widespread circulation of H1N2 reassortants on 4 continents. The current influenza vaccine is expected to provide good protection against H1N2 viruses, because it contains the A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1) and A/Moscow/10/99(H3N2)-like viruses, which have H1 and N2 antigens that are similar to those of recent H1N2 viruses.
Rate enhancement during thermal oxidation of Ge+-implanted silicon

Abstract The oxidation kinetics of Ge + -implanted Si(1 0 0) were determined over a temperature range of 900–1100 °C in both dry and wet O 2 conditions. It will be shown that the implanted Ge substantially enhances the kinetics (compared to that in virgin Si) under certain conditions. Segregation of the Ge during oxidation produces a “snow-plow” effect that forms a highly enriched Ge layer, Ge x Si 1− x , at the Si/SiO 2 interface. The interfacial concentration of Ge (developed by the competition between the oxidation rate and Ge diffusivity in Si) is shown to be a critical parameter in determining whether or not the oxidation kinetics are affected. High depth resolution Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) measurements were used to determine the Ge composition, as well as the oxide thickness. Since fast oxidation kinetics favors a high interfacial concentration of Ge, an enhanced oxidation rate was readily observed for wet conditions. The slower kinetics associated with dry oxidation made it difficult to observe any rate enhancement. However, enhanced oxidation under these conditions will be reported and shown to be consistent with a previous model proposed to account for this effect. Computer simulations of the processes will be presented and shown to be in qualitative agreement with the results.
Control of gonadotropin release in the Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus): Evidence for lack of dopaminergic inhibition

Gonadotropin (GTH) secretion is known to be under inhibitory dopaminergic control in several species of fish. To investigate whether this is also the case in the Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus), juvenile and adult croaker were treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (des-Gly10 d-Ala6 Pro9 ethylamide luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRHa), 1–100 ng/g body wt) in combination with various dopaminergic drugs (1–20mg/kg body wt). None of the dopamine antagonists tested, metoclopramide, pimozide, haloperidol, and domperidone, were able to increase plasma GTH levels above those induced by treatment with LHRHa alone and in some cases the gonadotropin response to LHRHa was reduced. The dopamine agonists bromocryptine and apomorphine either had no effect on the normal response to LHRHa or increased it. None of the drugs tested had any detectable effect on GTH levels in the absence of LHRHa. These results provide evidence for a lack of dopaminergic inhibition in the control of GTH secretion in the Atlantic croaker.
Pulsus alternans during spontaneous angina pectoris.

Abstract Pulsus alternans has been described as a regular rhythm with alternation of strong and weak contraction. 1,2 It has been observed to occur most often with severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction associated with aortic valve disease, systemic hypertension and cardiomyopathy. Pulsus alternans is therefore considered pathognomonic of severe, long-standing LV dysfunction. The association between myocardial ischemia and pulsus alternans is not well recognized. We recently observed a patient in whom pulsus alternans was documented during an episode of spontaneous angina pectoris with transient LV dysfunction.
Determination of cloud condensation nuclei production from measured new particle formation events

[1] A semi-analytical expression has been developed that accurately models the population dynamics of an aerosol growing from the detection limit (3 nm) to a characteristic CCN size (100 nm), quantifying the contributions of size and time-dependent source and sink terms such as coagulation of smaller particles and scavenging by the pre-existing aerosol. These model inputs were calculated from measured aerosol size distributions and growth rates acquired during intensive measurement campaigns in Boulder, CO, Atlanta, GA, and Tecamac, Mexico. Twenty CCN formation events from these campaigns were used to test the validity of this model. Measured growth rates ranged from 3–22 nm/h. The modeled and measured CCN production probabilities agreed well with each other, ranging from 1–20%. The pre-existing CCN number concentration increased on average by a factor of 3.8 as a result of new particle formation.
Nanojoules, Nanoliters and Nanosecond Calorimetry

Abstract A nano-scale time-resolved calorimetric experimental approach is described using a photoacoustic cell made from narrow-bore flexible fused-silica capillary tubing. The fused silica capillary permits the transmission of an excitation source from the deep UV to the near infrared. Methods to couple the excitation energy into the sample and the acoustic energy away from the sample to the detector are discussed. To demonstrate the unique capabilities of the fused silica capillary cell, the excited triplet state energy ( E t ) and lifetime ( τ ) of benzophenone (Bp) in the presence and absence of a quencher was measured. Irradiation of an air-saturated acetonitrile solution of Bp in the nano-scale photoacoustic cell, (i.e., absorption of ca. 100 nJ in a sample volume of 30 nl), yielded E t = 69.5 ± 1.4 kcal/mol and a τ of a few hundred nanoseconds. In the presence of potassium iodide (KI), a Bp *3 quencher, the lifetime was significantly reduced. The rate of triplet quenching by KI ( k q = 3.9 ± 0.2 × 10 9 M −1 s −1 ) was determined from the slope of the Stern–Volmer plot of l/ τ observed versus quencher concentration.
Recent advances in radiation therapy of head and neck cancer

The major advances in radiation oncology in this century was the development of megavoltage radiation in the 1950s, which greatly expanded the clinical utility of ionizing radiation in the treatment of many forms of cancer, including cancers of the head and neck. The combination of radiation and surgery for improved control of local and regional cancers followed. The use of interstitial implant therapy is growing rapidly because of new materials and techniques, thus expanding the radio-therapeutic options available to the oncologist. Investigations into several other therapeutic modalities currently are being carried out. These modalities include the use of particle radiation, oxygen-mimicking drugs, and hyperthermia, primarily in efforts to overcome the need for the oxygen effect in tumors. New uses of chemotherapy in combination with radiation also are being explored. Details of these activities within the field of radiation oncology are discussed.
Radio wave guidance at VHP through equatorial plasma babbles

Abstract Transequatorial radio wave propagation, supported by the nighttime equatorial ionosphere at frequencies exceeding 50 MHz, is explained in terms of a whispering gallery type of guidance along field-aligned discontinuities in ionisation density resulting from the post-sunset creation of equatorial plasma bubbles. Each of these bubbles becomes a partially excited multimode leaky dielectric waveguide, for which the power loss may be readily calculated. By considering in detail the coupling of power into and from, and propagation along, an idealised guide it is possible to identify the important parameters which affect this kind of propagation. Although many of the details of the structure of plasma bubbles are not known, it is possible to construct a model for idealized structures and calculate the power received on a transequatorial communications path where propagation is via these phenomena. A comparison of the results from a model using the idealised guide with some experimental results shows good agreement and achieves two things. Firstly, it results in some interesting properties for the guides which ought to be verifiable experimentally, and secondly, it corrects some previous misconceptions about the nature of guidance within the bubbles.
Workspace of a Flexure Hexapod Nanopositioner

This paper studies the workspace of a flexure-based, hexa-pod nanopositioner previously built by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) which can produce high-resolution motions in six degree of freedom by actuating linear actuators on planar tri-stage. Because there is a lack of work in workspace of such kind of compliant mechanisms, the controller is typically limited to a very small range of motion in order to avoid material failure. In this work, we seek to derive a kinematic model for predicting the workspace of such kind of flexure based platforms by assuming that their workspace is mainly constrained by the deformation of flexure joints. We first study the maximum deformation including bending and torsion angles of each flexure joint. We then derive the inverse kinematics and calculation of bending and torsion angles of this compliant platform. To obtain the workspace of the mechanism, we developed a computational algorithm that varies the displacement of the top platform to extreme positions till the deformation of any flexure exceeding a maximum value. To demonstrate this approach, we provided example studies including constant orientation workspace and constant position workspace. We compare results with a finite element model of the entire platform. The error is 4.74% for original analytical model and 8.26% for simplified analytical model. This model is beneficial in guiding design engineers in maximizing workspace of flexure based parallel compliant mechanisms. To the end-users of the positioner, it gives them a guidance on how to efficiently exploit the workspace of the nanopositioner.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
(Re)presenting: Muslims on North American television

This article describes and analyzes the portrayal of Muslims on several North American television shows. Greatest detail is given to the two seasons of Sleeper Cell, the first show on American television created to deal with Muslim lives post 9/11. I deal briefly with Muslim characters on Oz for a look at portrayals of Muslim life pre 9/11. I also mention Muslim characters in Lost and 24 as well as some films to add further insights to my argument. These television dramas are compared with two comedies, Aliens in America as well as Little Mosque on the Prairie, the first Canadian television show to examine Muslim lives. The conclusion is that in dramas, Muslims are not recognized on American television as citizens of their own country, but instead are portrayed as dangerous immigrants with a religion that is both alien and wicked. Moreover, the religion as it is lived out on the television drama is one of violence—there seems to be no other substantive practice that embodies Islamic faith. The case is very different with regard to the television comedy.
Denaturation and renaturation of DNA. II. Possible use of synthetic periodic copolymers to establish model and parameters.

A detailed comparison of the various models used in the literature to calculate the melting curve of DNA molecules is made. It is shown that basically all the models are identical. The form developed earlier by the authors has been extended to include the dependence of the correlation parameter on the type and the orientation of the nearest neighbor bonds. A rather exhaustive theoretical study of the metling curves for the synthetic polydeoxyribose copolymers is made. A comparison of these results with the suggested experimental results obtained will enable us to decide on a reliable model which could be used to determine the melting curve if the sequence of the bonds is given. A preliminary discussion of a very general model which we will call a “bubble model” is given.
Newer Agents for Hormonal Contraception in the Male

Efforts to create a hormonal contraceptive for men use testosterone to suppress the production of pituitary gonadotropins and, hence, spermatogenesis. However, conventional testosterone must be administered by frequent injection, and, when given alone, is not 100% effective. Therefore, newer androgens and agents that synergistically suppress gonadotropin production are being studied to create an effective and commercially viable contraceptive.
Task and non-task functions of a computer conference used in professional education: a measure of flexibility

Abstract In order to examine the ability of computer mediated conferences to provide variety in communication, data were gathered on task-related and non task-related uses of a computer-mediated conference in use at a research university. The conference was organized by the graduate students of a professional school to provide additional opportunities for communication between the students, faculty, staff and some professionals in the field. Data were gathered twice, in 1987 and 1989, and were of two types, printouts of the content of the conference and surveys of the participants. Four measures of content data were used: (1) the number of items (strings of entries forming discussions) originating with task-related and non task-related entries; (2) the lifespans of items; (3) the total number of entries falling into task and non-task categories; and (4) flexibility in moving between functions as indicated by opposite category responses. Three banks of questions from the survey instrument provided data concerning participants' perceptions of variety supported by the conference: (1) task-related and non task-related motivations for using the conference; (2) analogies to other communication; and (3) measures of the extent to which the conference provided interactions between people which did not take place otherwise. Analysis of survey and perception data revealed variety and flexibility in patterns of interaction, with a higher level of non-task content than had been found in other studies. The computer conference environment was found to be very supple, supporting a wide range of topics and interactions between individuals who differed in status and in the degree to which they knew one another outside the conference.
Harm, fairness and trade policy preferences: An experimental examination of sincere fair-trade preferences

Although fair trade has traditionally been considered protectionism in disguise, recent literature has found that some fair-trade preferences are in fact sincere. This article provides a psychological theory of sincere fair-trade preferences. This theory is grounded in a current cognitive-social model of human cognition and the do-no-harm decision-making heuristic. Through a laboratory experiment, an implicit measure is used to estimate the extent to which respondents consider fairness when forming trade attitudes. It is found that, when exposed to information about low labor standards abroad, thinking about fairness decreases support for free trade. The results show that fairness plays a meaningful role in trade attitudes formation when trade is framed as violating accepted social norms.
What is your Web 5.0 strategy

Purpose – The worldwide web continues to evolve as a key capability for commercial and human interactions. This paper lays out how the web is likely to evolve and key capabilities businesses must harness to realize the future value of the web.Design/methodology/approach – The article defines five stages of evolution of the web. Web 1.0 was primarily a publishing and transactional environment. Web 2.0 as a space where users co‐create value. Web 3.0 as a semantic space where machine intelligence combines with human intelligence to create new insights. Web 4.0 as a mobile space where users and real and virtual objects are integrated together to create value. Web 5.0 a sensory emotive space where we are able to move the web from an emotionally flat environment to a space of rich interactions. The article outlines how companies must adapt to each stage.Findings – The article presents clear reasons for why the web might evolve across these five stages and what businesses must focus on to harness the web.Origina...
Power loss consideration in wireless piezoelectric acoustic-electric power feedthru

Piezoelectric acoustic-electric power feedthru devices that are able to transfer electric power through metallic/ferromagnetic wall are investigated. Electric energy is converted to acoustic energy by piezoelectric transducer at one side of the wall. The acoustic wave propagates through the wall and, then, it is converted back to electric energy by another transducer on the other side. For high efficient transmission, it is critical that all the energy loss should be minimized. In addition to the electrical, mechanical and electromechanical loss in the transducers and the thickness of the wall, Lamb (plate) waves are excited by the transducers in the wall and they also result in energy losses. In this study, the energy loss caused by the Lamb waves are analyzed analytically and by finite element simulations. The results and the methods to reduce the loss are presented and discussed in this presentation.
Ultralow frequency MHD waves in Jupiter's middle magnetosphere

Ultralow frequency (ULF) magnetohydrodynamic pulsations (periods between 10 and 20 min) were observed on July 8-11, 1979 as Voyager 2 traveled through the middle magnetosphere of Jupiter between radial distances of 10 R(J) and 35 R(J). The particle and magnetic pressure perturbations associated with the waves were anticorrelated. The electron and ion perturbations on the dayside were in phase. The pressure perturbations occurred both within and outside of the plasma sheet. Perturbations in the transverse components of the magnetic field were associated with the compressional perturbations but the transverse power peaked within the plasma sheet of Jupiter and diminished rapidly outside of it.
Safe disinfection of contact lenses after contamination with HTLV-III.

Abstract The human T-lymphotropic retrovirus type III (HTLV-III), the etiological agent of AIDS, has recently been detected in tears, cornea, and conjunctiva, raising the possibility of transmission of HTLV-III via contact lens trial sets used in routine fitting. We evaluated the ability of several contact lens cleaning solutions, with or without conditioning or disinfecting solutions, to disinfect contact lenses experimentally contaminated with HTLV-III. Following attempted disinfection, the lenses were cultured for residual HTLV-III on H9 cells for 28 days. Cultures without characteristic cytopathic effects, reverse transcriptase activity, and HTLV-III-specific antigen expression were considered negative. We found that all commercially available cleaning solutions tested were able to disinfect contact lenses exposed to HTLV-III.
Autism overflows: increasing prevalence and proliferating theories.

This selective review examines the lack of an explanation for the sharply increasing prevalence of autism, and the lack of any synthesis of the proliferating theories of autism. The most controversial and most widely disseminated notion for increasing prevalence is the measles–mumps–rubella/thimerosal vaccine theory. Less controversial causes that have been proposed include changes in autism diagnostic criteria, increasing services for autism, and growing awareness of the disorder. Regardless of its causes, the increasing prevalence of autism has put pressure on the field of autism research to generate productive and predictive theories of autism. However, the heterogeneity of brain deficits, impaired behaviors, and genetic variants in autism have challenged researchers and theorists, and despite 45 years of research, no standard causal synthesis has emerged. Research going forward should assume that autism is an aggregation of myriad independent disorders of impaired sociality, social cognition, communication, and motor and cognitive skills.
FADD is required for DR4- and DR5-mediated apoptosis: lack of trail-induced apoptosis in FADD-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts.

TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor family that can kill a wide variety of tumor cells but not normal cells. TRAIL-induced apoptosis in humans is mediated by its receptors DR4 (TRAIL-R1) and DR5 (TRAIL-R2). What constitutes the signaling molecules downstream of these receptors, however, remains highly controversial. Using the FADD dominant negative molecule, several groups have reached different conclusions with respect to the role of FADD in TRAIL-induced apoptosis. More recently, usingFADD-deficient (−/−) mouse embryonic fibroblasts, Yehet al. (Yeh, W.-C., Pompa, J. L., McCurrach, M. E., Shu, H.-B., Elia, A. J., Shahinian, A., Ng, M., Wakeham, A., Khoo, W., Mitchell, K., El-Deiry, W. S., Lowe, S. W., Goeddel, D. V., and Mak, T. W. (1998) Science279, 1954–1958) concluded that DR4 utilizes a FADD-independent apoptotic pathway. The latter experiment, however, involved transient overexpression, which often leads to nonspecific aggregation of death domain-containing receptors. To address this issue in a more physiological setting, we stably transfected mouse DR4/5, human DR4, or human DR5 intoFADD−/− mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. We showed that FADD−/− MEF cells stably transfected with TRAIL receptors are resistant to TRAIL-mediated cell death. In contrast, TRAIL receptors stably transfected into heterozygous FADD+/− cells orFADD−/− cells reconstituted with a FADD retroviral construct are sensitive to the TRAIL cytotoxic effect. We conclude that FADD is required for DR4- and DR5-mediated apoptosis.
The identification and characterization of β-adrenergic receptors in human amnion tissue☆☆☆

Abstract With the use of [ 125 I]iodocyanopindolol as a β-receptor ligand, β-receptors were identified and characterized in human amnion tissue. [ 125 I]Iodocyanopindolol was found to bind to a total particulate fraction prepared from amnion tissue obtained at term. At low concentrations of [ 125 I]iodocyanopindolol, more than 80% of total [ 125 I]iodocyanopindolol bound was at specific high-affinity sites and could be displaced by an excess of (±)-propranolol. The K d and B max for binding of [ 125 I]iodocyanopindolol to amnion β-receptors were 10.1 ± 1.1 pM and 46.8 ± 3.2 fmol/mg protein, respectively. Analysis of the competition for binding to amnion β-receptors between [ 125 I]iodocyanopindolol and ligands that discriminated between β 1 - and β 2 -receptors revealed that the β-receptors of human amnion were almost entirely of the β 2 -subtype. The density of β-receptors found in the amnion at term was approximately three times that found early in the second trimester of gestation. The β-receptors in human amnion appear to be functional since the in vitro exposure of amnion tissue pieces to isoproterenol (10 −5 M), resulted in a fivefold increase in the intracellular concentration of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. The presence of β-receptors in the amnion is in keeping with the proposed importance of the catecholamines found in amniotic fluid in the regulation of prostaglandin production by the amnion.
Matrix Representation of Graph Embedding in a Hypercube

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the use of matrices for the representation of graph embedding in a hypercube. We denote the image of an embedding (which is a subgraph of the hypercube) as a matrix. With this representation, we are able to simplify, unify, generalize, or improve existing results regarding multigraph embedding in a hypercube. A class of trees called regular binary-reflected trees is identified, which includes linear paths, binomial trees, and many others. We show that for any regular binary-reflected tree T, n copies of T can be simultaneously embedded in an n-cube with congestion = 2. Embeddings of binary trees and meshes are also discussed.
Dosimetric consequences of asymmetric positioning of active source in 137Cs and 226Ra intracavitary tubes

Abstract Recently Cesium-137 tubes have been acquired to replace our old stock of Radium-226 for intracavitary applications. Their construction is such that an active length of 15 mm is positioned asymmetrically within the physical length, with a spacing of 4 mm between eyelet end of tube and active source length and a spacing of 1.5 mm at the opposite end. Evaluation of standard radium tubes reveals asymmetry also, the extent of which depends on source strength. The difference in physical structure of these sources leads to dosimetry variations of about 20% depending upon the arrangement of the multiple sources in a tandem. Our thermoluminiscent dosimetry (TLD) measurements of dose distributions around the Delclos type mini-ovoids and Fletcher-Suit applicators using these 137 Cs tubes indicate possibly significant dosage mis-estimates. However, by carefully orientating the sources or by correcting apparent source locations on localization films, these errors may be minimized. The design considerations of a new applicator and our dosimetric measurements on such a system are discussed.
Calculation of detection limits for a single-laboratory ion-chromatographic method to determine parts-per-trillion ions in ultrapure water

Abstract This paper addresses the calculation of detection limits (DLs) for ion-chromatographic data at low part-per-trillion (w/w) levels. The main objectives are: (1) to explain two statistical techniques (the EPA or “3σ” approach and the Hubaux-Vos method), (2) to calculate DLs using each procedure, (3) to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each statistical approach and (4) to decide if the analytical method is appropriate for quantifying anions at the 50-ppt level in deionized water. The analytes of interest are: fluoride, chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, sulfate and phosphate. All work was performed on a Dionex DX500 microbore unit, using an AS11 column. Results indicate that the H-V method gives a more realistic (and higher) DL than does the 3σ. Assuming false-negative and false-positives probabilities of 10% or less, this analytical method is not acceptable for quantifying anions at the desired level.
Plasma emission spectral detection for pyrolysis-gas chromatography

Abstract Specific element gas chromatographic detection by plasma emission spectroscopy has been evaluated for the characterization of volatile pyrolyzates from a number of polymers containing hetero-atoms. Directly interfaced rapid-temperature rise time pyrolysis with high resolution open tubular column gas chromatography was employed. The atmospheric pressure microwave induced and sustained plasma utilizing a “Beenakker” type TM 010 cavity was applied for specific detection of phosphorus and carbon in polyphosphazene pyrolysis and for boron in carborane-silicone pyrolysis. An interfaced d.c. argon atmospheric pressure plasma was found more advantageous for the specific determination of silicon in the pyrolysis products of novel linear silarylene-siloxanes. In phosphazene pyrolysis notable differences were seen in the phosphorus content of volatiles formed on pyrolysis between polymers fluoroalkoxy and chlorophenoxy substituents. For carborane-silicones sequential volatilization followed by pyrolysis allowed the identification of residual boron containing monomers as well as pyrolyzates. Pyrolysis of the silarylene-siloxanes showed markedly differing levels of silicon content in polymers with differing aromatic backbones and different levels of vinyl substitution.
RANTES release contributes to the protective action of PACAP38 against sodium nitroprusside in cortical neurons

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), a promising neuroprotective peptide, plays an important role during development of the nervous system and in regeneration after injury. PACAP directly promotes survival via multiple signaling systems in neurons. This neuropeptide also has immuno-modulatory properties and can regulate the expression of various inflammatory mediators such as chemokines in nonneuronal cells. Chemokines and their G protein-coupled receptors are widely distributed in the brain, suggesting important functions for these inflammatory proteins in the CNS. The ability of brain endothelial cells and glia to release chemokines has been well documented, whether neurons are also a source for these mediators is unclear. The objective of this study is to determine whether PACAP38 affects expression of regulated on activation normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES) and macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha (MIP-1α) in cultured neurons and if these chemokines contribute to the neuroprotective effect of PACAP38. The data show that incubation of neuronal cultures with both PACAP38 and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) reduces the neuronal cell death evoked by SNP alone. PACAP38 dose-dependently increases immunodetectable levels of both RANTES and MIP-1α released in the media by cultured neurons. Co-treatment with a neutralizing antibody to RANTES decreases the PACAP38-mediated protection against SNP. Although RANTES treatment of neurons increased MIP-1α levels in the media and MIP-1α supports neuronal survival in unstressed cultures, MIP-1α does not protect neurons from SNP-induced toxicity. Furthermore, co-treatment with a MIP-1α neutralizing antibody did not affect PACAP38-induced protection against SNP. These results show that the protective effect of PACAP38 on cultured neurons is mediated, in part, by release of RANTES. The ability of PACAP to directly enhance neuronal survival through multiple intracellular signaling pathways as well as via the release of neuroprotective mediators such as RANTES highlights its utility as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Proving the null hypothesis.

In most situations in which an experimental treatment or procedure is to be compared with a standard treatment or procedure, the null hypothesis to be tested states that the two procedures are equally effective. The alternative hypothesis is likely to be one-sided and to state that the experimental procedure is better than the standard. Advocates of the new procedure would hope that trials would be large enough to provide sufficient power to detect an assumed difference between the procedures, and thus that the null hypothesis would be rejected. If so, the probability of type I error (falsely rejecting a true null hypothesis) would be noted, and the new or experimental procedure could be accepted comfortably by those considering its implementation. However, in other situations, the objective might be to conclude that the experimental procedure is merely equal to the standard, not necessarily better. If the experimental procedure is equally efficacious, it would be preferred over the standard because it may be less expensive, less invasive, or less likely to have severe side effects. This, however, requires proof of the null hypothesis of equal efficacy, which results in statistical concerns. To identify such statistical concerns, it is helpful to specify the situation in more detail. Assume the outcome variable of interest is dichotomous. Denote the true proportions of success as IIe and IIs for the experimental and standard procedures, respectively. In this context, the hope is to prove the null hypothe-
Reclamation planning for coal strip-mined lands in Montana

Abstract Strip mining for coal is causing serious environmental problems in the coal-rich lands of Eastern Montana (U.S.A.). A comparison of surface-mine reclamation planning in the state of Montana and planning in other regions shows that local planning authority is relatively absent in Montana. Reclamation planning efforts in the United States have generally improved since passage of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 and since enactment of state reclamation laws. However, of the vast amounts of drastically disturbed land in Montana, only a small fraction has been successfully reclaimed. Local site-specific comprehensive plans may be essential for ensuring that the negative ecological and cultural impacts of strip mining are temporary.
Validation of thermal-transport modeling with direct-drive, planar-foil acceleration experiments on OMEGA.

We present for the first time the experimental validation of the nonlocal thermal-transport model for a National Ignition Facility relevant laser intensity of $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{15}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ on OMEGA. The measured thin target trajectories are in good agreement with predictions based on the nonlocal model over the full range of laser intensities from $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{14}$ to ${10}^{15}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. The standard local thermal-transport model with a constant flux limiter of 0.06 disagrees with experimental measurements at a high intensity of $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{15}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ but agrees at lower intensities. These results show the significance of nonlocal effects for direct-drive ignition designs.