cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Outcomes following cardiac catheterization after congenital heart surgery.

Objectives Describe outcomes following unplanned cardiac catheterization after congenital heart surgery. Background Utility of cardiac catheterization following congenital heart surgery is relatively understudied. Methods Retrospective study examining demographics, indications, and outcomes of unplanned cardiac catheterization after congenital heart surgery at a single institution. Results Between October 2004 and April 2011, 120 patients underwent 150 unplanned postoperative cardiac catheterizations. Median day of catheterization was postoperative day 20 (range 1–269 days). Survival 30 days postcatheterization was 85%; overall survival to hospital discharge was 72%. Indications for catheterization: 63 for hemodynamic evaluation, 46 for likely intervention, and 41 for assessment of surgical repair. Of the 150 hemodynamic/interventional catheterizations, 103 (69%) were associated with a change in clinical management: 59 trans-catheter interventions, 22 re-operations, 11 changes in medication, six changes in surgical plan, and five withdrawals of support. Complications included hemorrhage in two patients, supraventricular tachycardia in two patients, and transient complete heart block requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation in one patient. Conclusions Cardiac catheterization following congenital heart surgery may enable important diagnostic and therapeutic changes in clinical and surgical management. Complications were rare. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Toward autonomous learning of an ontology of tool affordances by a robot

complex environments, however, it is impossible to know in advance the exact nature and number of possible environmental outcomes that the robot can induce through its behaviors. In addition, the changes that the robot can detect are often high-dimensional, making it difcult to use standard machine learning algorithms. This work addresses this problem by proposing a framework in which the robot learns a taxonomy for the types of perceivable changes produced by its own behaviors. The proposed method also allows the robot to incrementally update the taxonomy and to conceptualize new types of observed outcomes. In addition, the robot solves a hierarchical classication task by learning a model that predicts the future outcome of its behaviors in relation to the learned taxonomy. Thus, the robot builds an affordance ontology consisting of an outcome class taxonomy and a predictive model grounded in the robot’s perceptual and behavioral repertoire.
Infectious Serology and Atherosclerosis How Burdensome Is the Risk

In recent years, atherosclerosis has come to be recognized as active and inflammatory, rather than simply a passive process of lipid infiltration.1 Inflammation occurs in response to vascular oxidative stress and injury through known and unknown stimuli. Inflammatory triggers undoubtedly include oxidized and glycosylated products (eg, modified lipoproteins). Given their association with inflammation, infectious agents also are being explored as potential inciters of vascular inflammation and promoters of atherosclerosis.2,3 See p 251 The role of infection in human atherosclerosis remains elusive. However, the ability of infectious agents to induce several (if not all) of the inflammatory mechanisms active in atherothrombosis has been demonstrated experimentally. Several direct and indirect cellular and molecular mechanisms by which vascular and selected extra-vascular infections may promote atherosclerosis are listed in Table 14 and are discussed elsewhere.2 In response to pathogens, pathogen-induced products (eg, reactive oxygen species, oxidized low-density lipoprotein) or cross-reacting, autologous molecules, local and systemic (circulating) inflammatory mediators are induced (including chemokines, cytokines, and adhesion molecules), inflammatory cells are recruited and proliferate (monocyte/macrophages, T lymphocytes, smooth muscle cells), and proinflammatory, prothrombotic, and matrix-degrading molecules are expressed. Endothelial dysfunction ensues, lipid accumulation is promoted, and plaque growth and, subsequently, destabilization and thrombosis occur. View this table: TABLE 1. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms by Which Infections May Promote Atherosclerosis Potential atherogenic mechanisms have been most extensively explored for Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) (and other Herpesviridae). Cpn and CMV infect vascular wall cells (and selected nonvascular cells) and may provoke or accelerate atherosclerosis by a variety of these mechanisms (Table 1). Relative to CMV, an intriguing proposed molecular mechanism is the binding and inhibition of the tumor suppressor gene p53 by an early CMV gene product (IE2-84).2 This mechanism may explain how abortive CMV infection leads to, among other effects, increased expression of …
Effect of temperature on electrical conduction of carbon-black-filled polyimide

A study of the stability of two types of carbon resistive paste based on polyimide is reported. Experiments on electrical properties of these thick-film resistors at elevated temperatures are recorded, and the electrical conduction mechanism in thick-film resistors is demonstrated. The conduction mechanism follows closely the model proposed by V. Ambegoekar et al. (1971), while the curing mechanism agrees well with that suggested by N.F. Mott and E.A. Davis (1971). Some of the observed phenomena have been explained on the basis of disordered solids that have many carriers with low electron mobility. The apparently anomalous temperature coefficient of resistance versus temperature behavior finds an immediate explanation in the disordered-system model. >
Mass Rearing and Harvesting Based on an Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Table: A Potato Tuberworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Case Study

Traditional age-specific life table analysis does not take variable development rates into account and deals only with the female population. In this paper, rearing and harvesting of specific life stages are analyzed in the context of a general age-stage, two-sex life table. The question of selecting optimal harvest and discard strategies for the design of insect mass rearing facilities is discussed. The method is demonstrated using data collected from a culture of the potato tuberworm, Phtharimaea aperculella (Zeller).
Analysis of uncertainty bounds due to quantization for three-dimensional position estimation using multiple cameras

An important source of error when estimating the 3-D position of a point from two (stereo), three (trinocular), or more cameras is that of quantization error on the image planes. In this paper, we are concerned with bounding the quantization errors when using multiple cameras defined in terms of uncertainty regions in 3-D. We use a geometric error analysis method that models the quantization error as projected pyramids and the uncertainty region as an ellipsoid around the polyhedron intersection of the pyramids. We present a computational technique for determining the uncertainty ellipsoid for an arbitrary number of cameras. A numerical measure of uncertainty bound such as the volume of the ellipsoid can then be computed for aiding camera placement, trajectory planning, and various other multiple camera applications.
Beyond the efficiency bandwidth limit with switched electrically small antennas

In this paper, transmission line analysis of the switched antenna is described. Evaluation of efficiency bandwidth performance is also presented in detail, based on different loss mechanisms in practical case. The presented antenna can generate wideband radiation with much higher efficiency. The transmission line is driven by a single tone source with a matching inductor through the switch, and the modulation pulses are directly added onto the switch. According to the high Q property of the short dipole, the inductor and the transmission line form a high Q resonator when the switch is turned on.near field of the dipole is represented by that associated with the transmission line.
Translocation (1;22) in refractory anemia and the prognostic significance of karyotypic abnormalities in refractory anemia

The most common cytogenetic abnormalities associated with myelodysplastic syndromes are deletions of chromosomes 5 and 7 and trisomy 8. Reciprocal translocation is relatively uncommon in refractory anemia. We describe a case of refractory anemia associated with trisomy 8 and a derivative chromosome 22 resulting from t(1;22)(q11;q11.2). The diseases and the role of the various genes that are mapped to these breakpoints are discussed. The prognostic significance of karyotypic abnormalities in refractory anemia are reviewed.
COMPUTER USE IN FOODSERVICE DEPARTMENTS OF SMALL HOSPITALS IN TEXAS

Although computer use by hospital foodservice directors appears to be increasing, small hospitals may have different needs and resources than large facilities. Foodservice directors at 42 small (60 to 200 bed) Texas hospitals participated in a mail survey aimed at identifying current computer software use and future needs. Thirty-four respondents used computer software for foodservice management and/or clinical nutrition purposes while eight did not. The most frequently used software applications were ordering food/supplies at 21 hospitals and patient status/diet orders and nutrient analysis at 20 facilities each. When directors rated the importance of software applications according to a 5-point scale from 1 (not useful at all) to 5 (very important), the highest mean ratings were: nutrient analysis (3.90); patient status/diet orders (3.81); inventory management (3.60); menu and recipe costing (3.56); ordering food/supplies (3.53); nutritional assessment (3.53). Thirteen directors were making free use of computer software supplied by a food distributor while 12 had purchased a complete software package related to foodservice management and/or clinical nutrition. Eighteen respondents were willing to pay a maximum of $1,000 or less for computer software, while 17 were willing to pay higher amounts. Vendors marketing computer software to foodservice directors at small hospitals may wish to focus on those applications rated highest in importance in this study.
Intrauterine device and upper-genital-tract infection

Summary Concern about upper-genital-tract infection related to intrauterine devices (IUDs) limits their wider use. In this systematic review I summarise the evidence concerning lUD-associated infection and infertility. Choice of an inappropriate comparison group, overdiagnosis of salpingitis in IUD users, and inability to control for the confounding effects of sexual behaviour have exaggerated the apparent risk. Women with symptomless gonorrhoea or chlamydial infection having an IUD inserted have a higher risk of salpingitis than do uninfected women having an IUD inserted; however, the risk appears similar to that of infected women not having an IUD inserted. A cohort study of HIV-positive women using a copper IUD suggests that there is no significant increase in the risk of complications or viral shedding. Similarly, fair evidence indicates no important effect of IUD use on tubal infertility. Contemporary IUDs rival tubal sterilisation in efficacy and are much safer than previously thought.
Differentiated Brain Activity in Response to Faces of “Own” Versus “Unfamiliar” Babies in Primipara Mothers: An Electrophysiological Study

Experiences with one's own infant attune the parent nervous system to infant stimuli. To explore the effects of motherhood on brain activity patterns, electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded while primipara mothers of 3- and 6-month-olds viewed images of faces of their own child and an unfamiliar but appearance-matched child. Mothers of 3- and 6-month-olds showed equivalent early-wave (N/P1 "visual" and N170 "face-sensitive") responses to own and unfamiliar baby faces but differentiating late-wave (N/P600 "familiar/ novel") activity to own versus unfamiliar infant faces. Based on 3 months experience with their own infant's face, mothers' brain patterns give evidence of distinctive late-wave (recognition) sensitivity.
Press Definition and the Religion Analogy

In a Harvard Law Review Forum response to Professor Sonja West's symposium article, "Press Exceptionalism," Professor RonNell Andersen Jones critiques Professor West's effort to define "the press" for purposes of Press Clause exceptions and addresses the weaknesses of Professor West's analogy to Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church & School v. EEOC in drawing these definitional lines. The response highlights distinctions between Press Clause and Religion Clause jurisprudence and urges a more functional approach to press definition.
A Perspective on Current Reactor Technologies

Publisher Summary This chapter the current nuclear power technologies–the LWR and HWR, and discussed other reactor concepts proposed as more efficient or proliferation resistant follow-on to the current generation of converter reactors. A conceptual way of viewing all nuclear reactor systems is to consider them essentially as electricity-producing black boxes. The basic input to such a device is an external stock of natural uranium. In a light water reactor it is necessary to use slightly enriched uranium in order to maintain the fission chain reaction. The nuclear chain reaction results in three major products or outputs. About 75% of the initial fissile uranium-235 input is destroyed by the fission process, thus releasing large amounts of thermal energy, which is recovered in the turbine generators to produce electricity. The fission products, which are highly radioactive and decay eventually with a half-life of about thirty years, are the major waste products of the reactor operation and need to be disposed of. Two publicly perceived problem areas may hinder the growth of nuclear power production–the issues of ultimate waste management and of nuclear weapons proliferation. Eventually, a choice must be made between providing adequate power supply for the current and future generations, and living with the residual risk of nuclear weapons proliferation, which is essentially independent of the existence of nuclear power.
Toward estimation of map accuracy without a probability test sample

The time and effort required of probability sampling for accuracy assessment of large-scale land cover maps often means that probability test samples are not collected. Yet, map usefulness is substantially reduced without reliable accuracy estimates. In this article, we introduce a method of estimating the accuracy of a classified map that does not utilize a test sample in the usual sense, but instead estimates the probability of correct classification for each map unit using only the classification rule and the map unit covariates. We argue that the method is an improvement over conventional estimators, though it does not eliminate the need for probability sampling. The method also provides a new and simple method of constructing accuracy maps. We illustrate some of problems associated with accuracy assessment of broad-scale land cover maps, and our method, with a set of nine Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite image-based land cover maps from Montana and Wyoming, USA.
Numerical and experimental study of flow phenomenon inside gas ejectors with moist gases entrainment

Gas ejectors can be found in a wide range of applications such as refrigeration and thrust augmentation. This paper focuses on the study of an ejector used in applications where moist gases are being entrained. In the first part of this work, the gas flow characteristics inside an ejector, as well as the ejector’s performance under various operating and geometric configurations, were studied with a three-dimensional computational model, which was validated against measurement data.In the second part, focus was given to the potential condensation or de-sublimation phenomena that may occur inside an ejector when water vapor is included in the entrained stream. An experiment using light-attenuation method was performed to verify the presence of a second phase, then the onset of phase change and the phase distribution were obtained numerically. A two-dimensional axis-symmetric model was developed based on the model used in the first part. A series of simulations were performed with various amounts of water vapor added into the entrained flow. It was found that both frost particles and water condensate could form inside the mixing tube depending on the operating conditions and water vapor concentrations. When the concentration exceeds 3%, water vapor could condense throughout the mixing tube. Some preliminary results of the second phase particles formed, e.g. critical sizes and distributions, were also obtained to assist with the design and optimization of gas ejectors used in similar applications.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Abstract A101: Metformin prevents mammary tumors in p53-null mammary gland mice

Background: Breast cancer prevention is now possible using antiestrogen drugs such as tamoxifen and raloxifene; however, antiestrogens are ineffective against estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancers. Since ER-negative breast cancers are highly aggressive and particularly difficult to treat, preventive agents against these life-threatening cancers are urgently needed. Metformin, a first line treatment for adult-onset diabetes, recently was shown to be associated with reduced incidence of cancer (including breast cancer) in epidemiologic studies. Metformin activates AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) and stimulation of AMPK by metformin reduces cell proliferation in both estrogen receptor alpha (ERa)-positive and -negative human breast cancer cell lines. We hypothesized that the metformin would effectively prevent the growth and development of ER-negative breast cancer. To test this hypothesis, we tested metformin9s ability to prevent mammary tumors in two mouse models: the MMTV-erbB2 transgenic mouse model that develops ER-negative mammary tumors and the p53-null mammary gland mouse model that develops both ER-positive and ER-negative mammary tumors. Methods: MCF7, BT474, MDA MB 468 and MDA MB 453 cells were treated with10mM metformin and cell proliferation was measured using an MTS assay. Virgin female MMTV-erbB2 mice (Jackson Lab) were housed in the institutional animal facilities and fed a purified diet (AIN-76A; Harlan Teklad). Mice were separated into 2 treatment groups: 1) Vehicle control (PBS via gastric gavage daily), 2) Metformin (250mg/kg via gastric gavage daily; from 3 months to 12 months of age). P53-null Balb/C mammary glands from donor mice were transplanted into both cleared inguinal mammary fat pads of Balb/C p53 wild-type mice. Mice were observed daily for tumor formation and the percentage of tumor free mice were recorded. Tumor incidence and time to tumor formation was visualized using Kaplan Meier curves and analyzed using the generalized Wilcoxon test. Results: Metformin (at 10mM) significantly reduced proliferation of breast cancer cells irrespective to their ER, Her2 and p53 status. In the MMTV-erbB2 mice, metformin treatment did not prevent or delay mammary tumor formation. However, in p53-null mammary gland mice, metformin completely prevented mammary tumor formation. Conclusions: Metformin treatment totally prevented mammary tumor development in p53-null mammary gland mice. These results suggest that metformin will be most useful in preventing breast cancers with P53 mutations such as occurs in Li-Fraumeni syndrome individuals or individuals with ERa-negative or “triple-negative” breast cancer. These results support testing metformin in clinical trials for the prevention of ER-negative and p53-mutant breast cancers. This research was supported by the NIH/NCI R01 CA78480 grant (PHB). Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):A101.
A Predictive Value Model for Quality Control: Effects of the Prevalence of Errors on the Performance of Control Procedures

A predictive value model has been developed to describe the usefulness of results from quality control tests or procedures. The model shows that the critical parameters are the probability for false rejection, probability for error detection, and prevalence or frequency of occurrence of analytical errors. When prevalence is low, control procedures should have a low probability for false rejection. When prevalence is high, control procedures should have a high probability for error detection. The predictive value model for a quality control (QC) test is analogous to the predictive value model for a diagnostic test, thus suggesting new strategies for optimizing the performance of QC tests.
Modeling the Response of Cardiac Troponin C to Calcium on the Thin Filament: Effects of Disease-Related and Post-Translational Modifications

Calcium binding to and dissociation from cardiac troponin C (TnC) are essential to cardiac muscle contraction/relaxation. It is well documented that TnC's calcium-binding properties are not constant, but are sensitive to complex interactions between the additional thin and thick filament proteins. There is a growing body of evidence that protein modifications/mutations within different subunits of the Tn complex (TnT, TnI) exert their effects by altering the apparent TnC calcium sensitivity/exchange kinetics. There are a number of potential mechanisms that could alter TnC's calcium-binding, potentially the most significant being the ability of the regulatory domain of TnC to bind the switch peptide region of TnI. We have developed a mathematical model that can simulate the steady-state and kinetic calcium-binding properties of several disease-related and post-translational protein modifications in the isolated troponin complex and reconstituted thin filament. We propose that roughly half of the studied modifications do not alter any of the intrinsic calcium or TnI-binding constants of TnC, but rather the ability of TnC to “find” TnI in the presence of calcium. Considering TnI is essentially tethered to TnC and cannot diffuse away in the absence of calcium and that TnI also binds to actin, we suggest that the apparent calcium-binding properties of TnC are highly dependent upon an “effective concentration” of TnI available to bind TnC, which is modulated by Tn modifications. Futhermore, studies with TnC proteins and TnI peptides support the conclusions that TnI concentration strongly influences TnC's calcium-binding properties. Additionally, TnC-TnI chimeras display calcium-binding properties similar to that of TnC in the presence of a saturating TnI concentration. These studies greatly demonstrate the role of TnI concentration in modulating TnC's calcium-binding properties.
A Space-Frequency Coding Technique Combined with Phase Shift Diversity

Space-frequency coding technique is a new coding technique which can combat with channel attenuation,obtain diversity gain against fading and enhance the capacity in 3G wireless communication.But with the increase of the number of transmit antennas,the code rate can't reach 1,and decoding is complex.To solve the two problems,based on the theory of space-frequency coding,a method is proposed combining the space-frequency coding technology with phase shift diversity technology for four transmit antennas.The code rate of which can reach 1 and decoding is simplified.The experiment results in Rayleigh fading channels showes that this method enhances the performance of the system and is better than other general space-frequency coding.It is a reliable coding adapted to wireless communication.
Application Of Information Economics Paradigm And Empirical Approach In The Evaluation Of Microcomputer-Based Decision Support Systems

AbstractThis paper examines the feasibility of using the information economics concepts and empirical approach in the evaluation of microcomputer-based decision aid models. It is shown that the evaluation of decision support systems should ideally be performed based on the value of information generated for specific decisions, that is, within the information economics framework. Unfortunately, because of complexities involved, such evaluations are not currently feasible for those decision support systems aimed at solving ill-stmctured problems. It is concluded that such decision support systems should be evaluated in empirical context.
Defining New Metrics in Microwave Ablation of Pulmonary Tumors: Ablation Work and Ablation Resistance Score.

Abstract Purpose To investigate pulmonary microwave ablation metrics including ablation work, ablation resistance score, and involution. Materials and Methods Retrospective review was performed of 98 pulmonary tumor ablations using the NeuWave Certus Microwave Ablation System (NeuWave Medical, Madison, Wisconsin) in 71 patients (32 men and 39 women; mean age, 64.7 y ± 11.5). Ablation work was defined as sum of (power) * (time) * (number of antennas) for all phases during an ablation procedure. Ablation zone was measured on CT at 3 time points: after procedure, 1–3 months (mean 47 d), and 3–12 months (mean 292 d). Ablation zones were scored based on location for pulmonary lobe (upper = 1, middle/lingula = 2, lower=3) and region (peripheral = 1, parenchymal=2, central=3), and the 2 were summed for ablation resistance score. Results Ablation zone on CT at 1–3 months was significantly smaller in regions with higher ablation resistance score ( P P P P P P P Conclusions Pulmonary microwave ablation zone is significantly smaller in regions with higher ablation resistance score. Ablation work correlates to ablation zone with a nonlinear involution pattern in the first year and may be useful for planning before the procedure.
A robust approach of single-phase-to-ground fault location for distribution grids with neutrals non-effectively grounded

Locating single-phase-to-ground faults (SGFs) in distribution grids is of great importance to avoid the worsening of the fault and guarantee a continuous and steady power supply. This paper presents an innovative approach of SGf location by using the fault information which is acquired by the fault location devices and sent to the master station of the Distribution Automation System (DAS). The criteria successfully used for locating phase-to-phase faults (PPFs) are modified to locate SGFs. The approaches of making the information binary and differential are described to meet the requirement of the proposed location criteria. Nevertheless, sometimes erroneous information is sent or received. To enhance the robustness of the proposed approach, the Bayes theorem is introduced to take full advantage of the redundancy and correlation of the information from fault location devices with various mechanisms. Two examples are given to prove that a SGF can be located correctly even under the conditions of missing or erroneous information. The proposed approach has been embedded into the Open 5200 Distribution Automation System which is in service in Xi'an. More than ten SGFs have been successfully located.
Four Quadrants of Sustainability

This chapter explains in detail with case study examples, what each other the four quadrants of the sustainability lens (SL) are and how they can be understood and realized in today’s business environment. The four SL quadrants are resources—where things come from: health—impact and engagement; policy—advocacy and influence; and exchange—accessibility and distribution.
Benefits and challenges of caring for international patients

Increasing numbers of international patients are receiving care at US medical centers, entailing various challenges and benefits to all involved. Despite the potential challenges, the collective experiences can transform healthcare providers and their institutions into better physicians, better medical centers, and overall better members of a global society with increased awareness of the global human experience.
Un intento de autobiografía: la aspiración truncada de la madre María Ignacia del Niño Jesús

In the early 19th century, a nun at the Convent of Santa Clara de Queretaro sat down to write her autobiography. This little-known document, which only got as far as narrating the first seven years of her life, offers information on daily life in that provincial home, into which she was adopted by an indigenous family. Equally important is her attempt to reconstruct her childhood as if she had been predestined for the spiritual life that, she wrote, developed from earliest infancy. This nun's interest in representing herself as one of God's chosen at such an early age speaks to us of an attempt -both literary and spiritual- to reconfigure her person. Though the process was truncated by her death, her writings broaden our vision of the autobiographical genre.
Economic Spillovers From Public Investments in Medical Countermeasures: A Case Study of a Burn Debridement Product.

OBJECTIVE The US federal government invests in the development of medical countermeasures for addressing adverse health effects to the civilian population from chemical, biological, and radiological or nuclear threats. We model the potential economic spillover effects in day-to-day burn care for a federal investment in a burn debridement product for responding to an improvised nuclear device. METHODS We identify and assess 4 primary components for projecting the potential economic spillover benefits of a burn debridement product: (1) market size, (2) clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, (3) product cost, and (4) market adoption rates. Primary data sources were the American Burn Association's 2015 National Burn Repository Annual Report of Data and published clinical studies used to gain European approval for the burn debridement product. RESULTS The study results showed that if approved for use in the United States, the burn debridement product has potential economic spillover benefits exceeding the federal government's initial investment of $24 million a few years after introduction into the burn care market. CONCLUSIONS Economic spillover analyses can help to inform the prioritizing of scarce resources for research and development of medical countermeasures by the federal government. Future federal medical countermeasure research and development investments could incorporate economic spillover analysis to assess investment options. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:711-719).
Consensus Report by the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators and Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Consortium Joint Working Committees on Supportive Care Guidelines for Management of Veno-Occlusive Disease in Children and Adolescents: Part 2-Focus on Ascites, Fluid and Electrolytes, Renal, and Transfusion Issues

Abstract Even though hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) is a potentially fatal complication of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), there is paucity of research on the management of associated multiorgan dysfunction. To help provide standardized care for the management of these patients, the HCT Subgroup of the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators and the Supportive Care Committee of the Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Consortium, collaborated to develop evidence-based consensus guidelines. After conducting an extensive literature search, in part 2 of this series we discuss the management of fluids and electrolytes, renal dysfunction; ascites, pleural effusion, and transfusion and coagulopathy issues in patients with VOD. We consider the available evidence using the GRADE criteria.
Gendering Prayer: Millennial-generation Catholics and the Embodiment of Feminine Genius and Authentic Masculinity

This article examines the relationship between prayer practices and gendered subjectivity among a group of millennial-generation Catholic men and women. Drawing on ethnographic work, this case study illuminates the role of prayer in shaping how, why, and with what sorts of struggles young and culturally-savvy women and men embodied gender complementarity in the twenty-first century U.S. This article proposes gendering prayer as an analytic for understanding how prayer cultivated these Catholics in the habits of feminine genius and authentic masculinity. By comparing women’s and men’s practices, I argue that these young adults were flourishing in the modern world, even as they rejected egalitarian gender roles in favor of multiple modes of submission within gender essentialism. This work contributes to anthropological scholarship focused on gender performance in daily Catholic life.
Quality Control of Compounded Crystalloid Fluids for Intravenous Delivery to Horses

Background Periodic lack of availability and high cost of commercially produced isotonic fluids for intravenous (IV) use in horses have increasingly led to use of home-made or commercially compound fluids by veterinarians. Data regarding the quality control and safety of compounded fluids would be of benefit to equine veterinarians. Objectives To compare electrolyte concentrations, sterility, and endotoxin contamination of commercially available fluids to 2 forms of compounded isotonic crystalloid fluids intended for IV use in horses. Methods Prospective study. Two methods of preparing compounded crystalloids formulated to replicate commercial Plasma-Lyte A (Abbott, Chicago, IL) were compared. One formulation was prepared by a hand-mixed method involving chlorinated drinking water commonly employed by equine practitioners, and the other was prepared by means of ingredients obtained from a commercial compounding pharmacy. The variables for comparison were electrolyte concentrations, sterility, and presence of endotoxin contamination. Results Electrolyte concentrations were consistent within each product but different between types of fluids (P < 0.0001). Hand-mixed fluids had significantly more bacterial contamination compared to commercial Plasma-Lyte A (P = 0.0014). One of the hand-mixed fluid samples had detectable endotoxin contamination. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Chlorinated drinking water is not an acceptable source of water to compound isotonic fluids for IV administration. Equine practitioners should be aware of this risk and obtain the informed consent of their clients.
Juvenile Osteochondritis Dissecans: Cartilage T2 Mapping of Stable Medial Femoral Condyle Lesions.

Quantitatively measured T2 values did not significantly differ between cartilage overlying juvenile osteochondritis dissecans lesions and normal cartilage on the medial femoral condyle.
Association Between Declining Walking Speed and Increasing Bone Marrow Lesion and Effusion Volume in Individuals with Accelerated Knee Osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether a decline in walking speed during the year prior to disease onset is associated with concurrent changes in cartilage, bone marrow lesions (BMLs), or effusion in adults who develop common knee osteoarthritis (OA), accelerated knee OA, or no knee OA. METHODS We identified 3 groups from the Osteoarthritis Initiative based on annual radiographs from baseline to 48 months: accelerated knee OA, common knee OA, and no knee OA. We used the cartilage damage index (CDI) to assess tibiofemoral cartilage damage and used a semiautomated program to measure BML and effusion volume. Walking speed was assessed as an individual's habitual walking speed over 20 meters. One-year change in walking speed and structural measures were calculated as index visit measurements minus measurements from the year prior visit. Logistic regression models were used to determine whether change in walking speed (exposure) was associated with change in each structural measure (outcome) for the overall group and then separately for the accelerated knee OA, common knee OA, and no knee OA groups. RESULTS Adults who slowed their walking speed were almost twice as likely to present with increased BML volume, with a significant association (odds ratio 3.04 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.03-8.95]) among adults with accelerated knee OA. Adults with accelerated knee OA who slowed their walking speed were approximately 3.4 times (95% CI 1.10-10.49) more likely to present with increased effusion volume. Walking speed change was not significantly associated with CDI change. CONCLUSION A change in an easily assessable clinical examination (i.e., 20-meter walk test) was associated with concurrent worsening in BML and effusion volume in adults who developed accelerated knee OA.
Posterior Fossa Craniotomy for Adherent Fourth Ventricle Neurocysticercosis.

Background and importance Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is an infectious helminthic disease often presenting in patients who have immigration or travel history from areas where NCC is endemic. Fourth ventricle cysts from NCC pose a unique treatment challenge, as there is little consensus on the best treatment. This case study describes the treatment of a patient with fourth ventricle neurocysticercosis (FVNCC), examines the therapeutic decision-making, and provides a video of a posterior fossa craniotomy (PFC) resection of a degenerative cyst. Clinical presentation The patient presented with headache, dizziness, nausea, and memory difficulties. A fourth ventricle cyst consistent with NCC was found on magnetic resonance imaging, and serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) confirmed the diagnosis. The cyst was removed utilizing an open PFC followed by antihelminthic therapy and corticosteroids. There was resolution of symptoms at 9 mo postoperatively. Conclusion Several treatment modalities have been proposed for isolated cysts in the fourth ventricle, including medication, ventriculoperitoneal shunt, endoscopic removal, and PFC. The treatment decision is complex, and there is little guidance on the best treatment choices. In this article, we describe treatment via PFC for an adherent FVNCC cyst.
Estimating the connectivity of a graph

Although the results above seem to yield good estimators of an upper bound on connectivity, they can easily give rather poor estimates of k itself. One possible improvement could be effected by using the theorem of Harary and Chartrand [2] that δ≥p−2+n / 2 for some n such that 1≤n≤p−1 implies k≧n. This could give an estimate of a lower bound on k by using δ* in place of δ in the above inequality. Of course, the usefulness of this is limited to cases in which δ* is rather large, at least 1/2 p.
Diagnosis, course, and assessment of alcohol abuse and dependence in adolescents

Risk for the onset of an alcohol use disorder (AUD) peaks during adolescence and the transition to young adulthood, highlighting the public health significance of alcohol use by adolescents. This chapter summarizes recent research on the diagnosis, course, and assessment of adolescent AUDs. This review focuses on developmental considerations in assessment of AUD criteria, the prevalence of DSM-IV AUDs among adolescents, typical alcohol symptom profiles in youth, and limitations of DSM-IV AUD criteria when applied to adolescents. In addition, studies of AUD course in adolescents, as well as factors influencing the course of AUDs are summarized. The chapter also provides an overview of brief alcohol screening instruments and other measures used in more comprehensive assessment of AUDs in adolescents.
Computing M-Irreducible Decompositions

This chapter deals with two aspects of the problem of computing m-irreducible decompositions. First, we present two algorithms for computing m-irreducible decompositions for arbitrary monomial ideals in Section 7.5. One of these algorithms extends ideas from Sections 3.3, 3.5, and 6.5. The other algorithm allows one to give alternate proofs of the decomposition results from Chapter 4; this is the subject of Exploration Section 7.6.
General Overview of the Liver Transplant Patient

Liver transplantation (LT) is the only cure for end-stage liver disease. Almost 6000 liver transplants were performed in 2013, and more than 15,000 patients are on the liver transplant waiting list in the United States. Patient outcomes continue to improve with the majority of patients living more than 10 years after LT. With this increased life expectancy, attention to the long-term care of liver transplant recipients is paramount. In this chapter, we discuss the common medical conditions, the immunosuppression and antimicrobial prophylaxis regimens, and the approach to abnormal liver chemistry tests in the LT recipient.
Education and Democracy

Democratic governance in societies around the world faces serious challenge today. Education sits at the crossroads of the information revolution and widening inequalities. The frailties of education increase the fragility of democracy. Strengthening each is critical to the other.
Fuzzy-Trace Theory, False Memory, and the Law:

Fuzzy-trace theory (FTT) provides well-researched scientific principles that explain worrisome forms of false memory in the law. False memories are of great legal concern because memory reports are...
A Shift-Share Analysis of Cancer Incidence Across Northern Europe

AbstractThere is perhaps no disease in the modern era as geographically ubiquitous as cancer. Despite the high rates of the disease, particularly in developed countries, there is some geographic va...
Das Zwangsarbeitslager Lemberg-Janowska: Arbeits-, Durchgangs- Und Vernichtungslager (Forced Labor Camp Lemberg-Janowska: Labor, Transit and Extermination Camp)

German Abstract: Nach bester Schatzung verloren im Zeitraum zwischen Ende 1941 und Ende 1943 rund 40.000 Menschen, meist Juden, ihr Leben im und um das Lemberger Zwangsarbeitslager (ZAL Lemberg), besser bekannt als Janowska, in den 24 Monaten die elende Ernahrung der Gefangenen, das Fehlen jeglicher Hygienemasnahmen, ein Regime schwerer korperlicher Arbeit und schockierende Akte individueller Gewalttaten, zu denen die deutschen Mitarbeiter sich selbst amusierten. Periodische epidemische Ausbruche forderten ebenfalls einen hohen Tribut. Aber die meisten Haftlinge starben bei den Massenerschiesungen, die regelmasig die Lagerbevolkerung von Schwachen, Kranken, Alten und Jungen fegten - oder einfach nur, um Platz fur die nachsten Gruppen neuer Haftlinge zu schaffen. Bei diesen gros angelegten Schiesaktionen spielte die Wachmannschaft des Lagers eine zentrale Rolle, und tatsachlich war es das Element, das diese Aktionen ermoglichte. English Abstract: By the best current estimate, about 40,000 people, mostly Jews, lost their lives in and around the Lemberg Forced Labor Camp (ZAL Lemberg), better known as Janowska, during the 24 months between late 1941 and late 1943. Their deaths resulted from the prisoners' wretched nutrition, an absence of any hygiene measures, a regimen of heavy physical labor, and shocking acts of individual homicidal violence to which members of the German staff resorted for their own amusement. Periodic epidemic outbreaks also took a heavy toll. But most prisoners died in the mass shootings that periodically swept the camp population of the weak, ill, old and young -- or simply to make room for the next groups of new prisoners. In these large scale shooting actions, the camp's guard force played a central role and in fact, it was the element that made those actions possible.
De-Risking Early-Stage Drug Development With a Bespoke Lattice Energy Predictive Model: A Materials Science Informatics Approach to Address Challenges Associated With a Diverse Chemical Space.

Abstract The solid-state properties of new chemical entities are critical to the stability and bioavailability of pharmaceutical drug products. The stability of the solid-state packing is described by the packing energy and an accurate prediction of this property for drug molecules would therefore be desirable. However, this has been difficult to achieve because of the lack of fundamental thermodynamic data on drug molecules. A potential solution would be to use calculated lattice energies to build a model and design molecules with desired physicochemical properties from an early stage, aligning with a “design by first intent” strategy for physicochemical properties. We first demonstrate the high correlation and interchangeability between QSPR models built using calculated lattice energies and experimental sublimation enthalpies for small organic molecules. We then present a QSPR model trained on in-house molecules using lattice energies calculated from crystal structures. The result is a model that enables fast prediction of the lattice energies of in-house molecules from 2-D molecular structure with reasonable accuracy (R2 = 0.92, root mean square error = 3.58 kcal/mol). We explore the model elements to improve our understanding of the molecular properties that contribute to lattice energy and then suggest potential cross-industry aspects that may enhance the application of the concept.
Titanium-Mediated Catalytic Hydrogenation of Monocyclic and Polycyclic Arenes

Two electron-reduction of the TiIV guanidinate complex (ImDipp N)(Xyket guan)TiCl2 gives (η6 -ImDipp N)(xyket guan)Ti (1intra ) and (ImDipp N)(Xyket guan)Ti(η6 -C6 H6 ) (1inter ) (Xyket guan=[(tBuC=N)C(NXylyl)2 ]- , Xylyl=2,5-dimethylphenyl) in the absence or presence of benzene, respectively. These complexes have been found to hydrogenate monocyclic and polycyclic arenes under relatively mild conditions (150 psi, 80 °C)-the first example of catalytic, homogeneous arene hydrogenation with TON >1 by a Group IV system.
Audio-first VR: New perspectives on musical experiences in virtual environments

This special issue of the Journal of New Music Research explores VR (Virtual Reality) through the lenses of music, art and technology, each focusing on foregrounded sonic expression – an audio-firs...
Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TDBAC) Identifies Time and Effort Required for Completion of CIBMTR Forms and Can Assist in Resource Planning for HCT Centers

Purpose US transplant programs are required to report data to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR). There is, however, a lack of published data on time and effort (T/E) for completing CIBMTR Forms. A T/E analysis was performed using a Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TDBAC) model to determine hours needed for completion of forms. TDABC involves five distinct steps: identifying resources used for specific procedures, defining costs, estimating practice capacity, calculating cost of personnel per time unit, and determining time units required for completion, which result in the calculation of cost per procedure. Methods The adult and pediatric programs performed separate analyses including the following forms: Transplant Essential Data (TED), Comprehensive Report forms (CRF) and Cellular Therapy Essential Data (CTED). The completion period extended from pre-infusion – 1 year follow-up. Each center developed process maps for form completion and averaged out the cost per minute, per form, compensating for Clinical Research Coordinator (CRC) data entry experience. Time required to complete CIBMTR forms included chart review, data extraction, data entry, and standardized clinical consensus meetings for GVHD/Toxicity assessments, which confirmed grading and staging post-infusion. Results Time for form completion ranged 10 - 240 min, with mean/median times of 85/60, respectively (Figure 1). When analyzed by common transplant indications, total time for all form completion ranged from 933 min (leukemia) to 1083 min (immune deficiency and lymphoma). The separate process maps for adult and pediatric centers did not show notable difference in T/E. Results were then compared to CIBMTR form reimbursement. TDABC calculations determined that the actual cost is approximately up to 5 times reimbursement currently received from CIBMTR, through 1 year CRF form completion for one patient. Discussion Time analysis using TDABC can be an efficacious tool for calculating length of time to complete CIBMTR forms, and for reporting centers to justify increased reimbursement and increases in number of personnel for form completion.