cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
N-Nitroso-N-Methyldodecylamine and N-Nitroso-N-Methyltetradecylamine in household dishwashing liquids

Eleven household dishwashing liquids and four household surface cleaners were analysed for N-nitroso-N-methyldodecylamine and N-nitroso-N-methyltetradecylamine by gas chromatography with detection using a Thermal Energy Analyzer. Both nitrosamines were found in three of the dishwashing detergents and one of the surface cleaners. [1-14C]-N-Nitroso-N-methyldodecylamine was used to determine recoveries, which were between 65 and 88%. Levels of N-nitroso-N-methyldodecylamine ranged from 112 to 661 ppb and those of N-nitroso-N-methyltetradecylamine from 46 to 151 ppb. A simple method was developed to screen the products for N,N-dimethyldodecylamine-N-oxide, a surfactant ingredient suspected of being the source of these nitrosamines. By application of this method it was established that all of the products formulated with this amine oxide contained these two nitrosamines, whereas in products that did not contain this ingredient, these nitrosamines were not detected.
Immunoassay of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate: Use of 125I-labeled Protein A as the tracer molecule for specific antibody

A sensitive and specific solid-phase radioimmunoassay for 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHFA) has been developed. /sup 125/I-Labeled staphylococcal Protein A (/sup 125/I-PA) was used as the tracer molecule for rabbit IgG antibodies bound to 5-MTHFA immobilized on polyacrylamide beads. The dose-dependent inhibition of antibody binding by fluid-phase drug was reflected in decreased binding of /sup 125/I-PA. This inhibition, determined in the presence of known amounts of 5-MTHFA, served as the basis for quantification of 5-MTHFA in test samples. An early bleeding was relatively specific; 4.5 ng 5-MTHFA inhibited immune binding by 50% compared to 7700 ng folinic acid or 1200 ng tetrahydrofolate. Other folic acid analogs, including methotrexate, failed to inhibit significantly. The assay using a later bleeding was more sensitive since 1.6 ng 5-MTHFA gave 50% inhibition (detection limit 0.2 ng), but folinic acid cross-reacted significantly. Absorption with immobilized folinic acid markedly enhanced the specificity of this antiserum and resulted in a 15 to 20% increase in maximum inhibition by 5-MTHFA. The assay could be carried out in the presence of 0.025 ml human serum or urine without affecting the standard curve, and was used to determine levels of 5-MTHFA in serum of drug-treated rabbits.
Inside-out insulation failure of a defibrillator lead with abrasion-resistant coating.

Clinical report A 78-year-old woman had a cardiac resynchronization implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implanted in January 2008 for nonischemic cardiomyopathy with New York Heart Association class III heart failure, left ventricular ejection fraction 22%, and left bundle branch block. A St Jude Medical Model 7121 Durata right ventricular lead (St Jude Medical, St Paul, MN) and a Medtronic Model D224TRK Consulta generator (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) were implanted. Three months later, ejection fraction improved to 47% and heart failure improved to class I. In July 2010, a combination of recent short intervals ≤140 ms and rapid, repetitive oversensing triggered the Lead Integrity Alert. Interrogation showed an inappropriate detection of ventricular tachycardia treated with antitachycardia pacing. Stored electrograms showed nonphysiological signals, some of which occurred synchronously with the cardiac cycle, timing with the T wave. Pacing threshold was 1.0 V, the R wave was stable at 10 mV, and both pacing and high-voltage impedances were within nominal ranges. However, the weekly minimum pacing impedance decreased by approximately 150 Ω (from 470 to 320 Ω) in February 2010. Differential real-time and telemetry Holter recordings isolated the nonphysiological signals to the cable to the ring electrode rather than the helix to the tip electrode (Figure 1A). Corresponding recordings from shock channels determined that simultaneous nonphysiological signals were present on the distal coil, but not the proximal coil. Additional diagnostic steps excluded other causes of oversensing. Initially, the patient declined lead replacement. But when frequent oversensing caused the percentage of biventricular pacing to decrease below 90% in late 2012, lead replacement was recommended to preserve resynchronization. Cinefluoroscopy (Figure 1B) showed no exteriorized cables or mechanical lead-lead interaction.
Site of bacterial colonization in acute pyelonephritis induced in rats by Escherichia coli.

Abstract An experimental acute pyelonephritis was produced by intravenous or local administration of Escherichia coli , and the kidneys were studied by light and electron microscopy. Obstruction of urinary tract promoted colonization of the bacteria within the kidney. Our data indicate that the colonies of the bacteria were formed initially in the tubular lumina. The bacteria appeared to spread from the tubular lumina into the tubular epithelia and further into the interstitium. Our findings underscore the importance of association between the colonization of the bacteria within the tubular lumina and the obstruction of the urinary tract.
Examining the “F” in Gifted: Academically Gifted Adolescents' Physiological and Affective Responses to Scholastic Failure:

The present investigation examined whether academically gifted children, relative to their nongifted peers (a) were subject to greater self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism, (b) endorsed higher levels of Ellis' (1962) irrational beliefs, and (c) were prone to more negative reactions to an experimentally induced failure. Relative to their nongifted and academically achieving peers, the academically gifted students demonstrated more negative affective and physiological stress reactions to the experimentally induced failure, as well as higher levels of self-oriented perfectionism and irrational beliefs. The present findings highlight the need for research within the relatively new and unexplored field of gifted students' reactions to scholastic failure.
Facilitating Remote Laboratory Deployments Using a Relay Gateway Server Architecture

Hands-on experiments prepare students to deal with real-world problems and help to efficiently digest theoretical concepts and relate those to practical tasks. However, shortage of equipment, high costs, and the lack of human resources for laboratory maintenance and assistance decrease the implementation capacity of the hands-on training laboratories. At the same time, the Internet has become a common networking medium and is increasingly used to enhance education and training. In addition, experimental equipment at many sites is typically underutilized. Thus, remote laboratories accessible through the Internet can resolve cost and access constraints as they can be used at flexible times and from various locations. While many solutions have been proposed so far, this paper addresses an important issue of facilitating remote lab deployments by providing remote connectivity services to lab providers using a Relay Gateway Server architecture. A proof-of-concept solution is described which also includes other previously reported useful features. The system has been tested in engineering labs and student assessment is provided.
The effect of alkali promotion on CO hydrogenation over Rh/TiO2

Abstract To develop a better understanding of the link between alkali promotion of hydrocarbon synthesis and that of oxygenate synthesis, CO hydrogenation over both unpromoted and promoted Rh TiO 2 was studied in a differential reactor at 250–300 °C, 1–10 atm, and CO H 2 = 2 . The ability of the alkali species to promote the selectivity for oxygenated compounds increased in the order unpromoted Li > K > Cs. The promoters also showed a strong hydrogenation-suppression ability which may have caused the decrease in hydrocarbon selectivity and activity. The activities and selectivities of Rh TiO 2 and alkali-promoted Rh TiO 2 appear to be correlated with their catalytic abilities for hydrogenation, CO dissociation, and CO insertion. Results for unpromoted Rh SiO 2 are also presented for Comparison purposes.
Notes on the use of bond functions for ab initio intermolecular energy calculations

Abstract Discussions are made on the bond function basis set and the counterpoise method, in response to a recent article by Oliveira and Dykstra (J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem), 337 (1995) 1).
Tubuloglomerular Feedback Signal Transduction in a Short Loop of Henle

In previous studies, we used a mathematical model of the thick ascending limb (TAL) to investigate nonlinearities in the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) loop. That model does not represent other segments of the nephron, the water, and NaCl transport along which may impact fluid flow rate and NaCl transport along the TAL. To investigate the extent to which those transport processes affect TGF mediation, we have developed a mathematical model for TGF signal transduction in a short loop nephron. The model combines a simple representation of the renal cortex with a highly-detailed representation of the outer medulla (OM). The OM portion of the model is based on an OM urine concentrating mechanism model previously developed by Layton and Layton (Am. J. Renal 289:F1346–F1366, 2005a). When perturbations are applied to intratubular fluid flow at the proximal straight tubule entrance, the present model predicts oscillations in fluid flow and solute concentrations in the cortical TAL and interstitium, and in all tubules, vessels, and interstitium in the OM. Model results suggest that TGF signal transduction by the TAL is a generator of nonlinearities: if a sinusoidal oscillation is added to constant intratubular fluid flow, the time required for an element of tubular fluid to traverse the TAL is oscillatory, but nonsinusoidal; those results are consistent with our previous studies. As a consequence, oscillations in NaCl concentration in tubular fluid alongside the macula densa (MD) will be nonsinusoidal and contain harmonics of the original sinusoidal frequency. Also, the model predicts that the oscillations in NaCl concentration at the loop-bend fluid are smaller in amplitude than those at the MD, a result that further highlights the crucial role of TAL in the nonlinear transduction of TGF signal from SNGFR to MD NaCl concentration.
Radar Images of Mars

Full disk images of Mars have been obtained with the use of the Very Large Array (VLA) to map the radar reflected flux density. The transmitter system was the 70-m antenna of the Deep Space Network at Goldstone, California. The surface of Mars was illuminated with continuous wave radiation at a wavelength of 3,5 cm. The reflected energy was mapped in individual 12-minute snapshots with the VLA in its largest configuration; fringe spacings as small as 67 km were obtained. The images reveal near-surface features including a region in the Tharsis volcano area, over 2000 km in east-west extent, that displayed no echo to the very low level of the radar system noise. The feature, called Stealth, is interpreted as a deposit of dust or ash with a density less than about 0.5 gram per cubic centimeter and free of rocks larger than 1 cm across. The deposit must be several meters thick and may be much deeper. The strongest reflecting geological feature was the south polar ice cap, which was reduced in size to the residual south polar ice cap at the season of observation. The cap image is interpreted as arising from nearly pure CO_2 or H_2O ice with a small amount of martian dust (less than 2 percent by volume) and a depth greater than 2 to 5 m. Only one anomalous reflecting feature was identified outside of the Tharsis region, although the Elysium region was poorly sampled in this experiment and the north pole was not visible from Earth.
The fine structure of the human glomerular basement membrane

A study of the human renal glomerulus was undertaken to discern clearly the fine structure of the lamina densa. The methods of preparation included routine methacrylate sections, sections with methacrylate removed, both shadowed and unshadowed, sections treated with PTA or uranyl acetate, and sections of material previously treated with periodic acid methenamine silver. The best of the routine sections revealed a feltwork fine structure, but of such low contrast that convincing micrographs were almost impossible to obtain. All of the other special preparations failed to enhance this detail except uranyl acetate, which was found to produce a significant increase in contrast of the lamina densa. High magnification now clearly revealed the presence of a partially oriented feltwork of 30–40 A fibrils which appeared to be different lengths in different portions of a continuous segment of lamina densa. Many fibrils were seen to traverse the electron-lucent zones between the lamina densa and the epithelial-cell foot processes on one side and endothelial-cell cytoplasm on the other.
Bilateral condylar resorption in dermatomyositisA case report

Polymyositis is an inflammatory disease commonly affecting the striated muscle. When it is accompanied by characteristic skin lesions, the condition is called dermatomyositis. Bilateral condylar resorption has been reported with autoimmune conditions and chronic systemic steroids. We report the first documented case of bilateral condylar resorption in a patient with dermatomyositis. Possible etiologic factors and treatment outcomes are discussed.
Four Statements on Values and Sex Education

In this article, Hennessy discusses four statements about sex education. The first statement deemphasizes the importance of the physiological element in sex education, and the second statement accents values in the sex education process. The third calls for recognition of and acceptance of parental and religious influences in sex education. The fourth urges the increased involvement of counselors in sex education. Reactions to the statements by readers of the original manuscript on which this article is based provide a broader view of the problems involved and the possible solutions.
Public Perceptions of and Responses to Elder Mistreatment in Middletown

This paper summarizes the results of a survey of a random sample of adult residents of Delaware County, Indiana. The survey provides information about public perceptions of the treatment and mistreatment of elderly citizens, previous encounters with elder mistreatment, and anticipated and past reporting behaviors. Responses to survey items are analyzed in relation to the demographic characteristics and patterns of social participation of interviewees. Findings are particularly relevant for practitioners who design outreach and publicity campaigns to inform the public about elder mistreatment and to increase rates of reporting.
The impact of weight change on cardiovascular disease risk factors in young black and white adults: the CARDIA study

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the relation between weight change and change in blood pressure, lipids and insulin levels, and determine if this relation differs by race or initial level of obesity. DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Community-based sample of 3325 black and white men and women aged 18–30 y from four centers followed for 10 y. Women pregnant at baseline or 10th year exam and persons without a recorded weight at both exams were excluded. Participants whose baseline BMI was ⩽25 kg/m2 were classified as overweight. Height, weight, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting triglycerides, fasting insulin, and blood pressure were measured at baseline and Year 10. RESULTS: The mean (s.d.) of weight gained over 10 y was 10.5 (10.0) kg (black men), 11.7 (11.0) (black women), 7.7 (8.0) (white men), and 7.2 (10.0) (white women). An increase in weight was associated with adverse changes in all factors in all race–sex groups. For example, a 9.1 kg (20-lb) weight increase in persons not overweight at baseline predicted an increase in LDL-C ranging from 0.23 mmol/l in black women to 0.28 mmol/l in black men and a decrease in HDL-C from 0.09 mmol/l (white women) to 0.11 mmol/l (white men) (all P<0.0001). The estimated change in triglycerides was greater in white than in black participants (P<0.02); no other racial differences were found. Changes in triglycerides (P<0.00001) and fasting insulin (P=0.004) were greater in men than in women. Only for LDL-C was a weight change-associated increase significantly different (greater, P<0.001) for nonoverweight persons than for those overweight at baseline. None of these associations were highly specific. Mean levels of LDL-C, HDL-C, and systolic blood pressure improved among all those who lost or did not gain weight. CONCLUSIONS: A 10 y weight gain in young adults of both races and sexes tends to confer adverse changes in their levels of LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, fasting insulin, and blood pressure. This effect occurs regardless of initial weight, age, race, or gender.
Assessing for Alcohol Use Disorders in Women: Experiences of Advanced Practice Nurses in Primary Care Settings

Alcohol use disorders (AUD) in women patients are frequently missed in primary care settings. This study explores common assessment practices by advanced practice nurses prescribers (APNPs) in one Midwestern state. Transcribed, in-depth interviews with 23 APNPs were analyzed using Heideggerian hermeneutic research methods. Two patterns emerged from an overarching idea of Becoming Aware: 1) Recognizing Alcohol in Everyday Life and 2) Attending to HER Story. The first pattern revealed ways nurses approach and think about assessing for AUD in women. The second pattern revealed practices of listening and responding to women's unique and complex stories. Findings inform education and practice by raising new questions and suggesting possibilities for education and research.
On computing the generalized Crawford number of a matrix

Abstract We use methods of geometric computing combined with hermitean matrix eigenvalue/eigenvector evaluations to find the generalized Crawford number of a pair of hermitean matrices S 1 and S 2 quickly and to high precision. The classical Crawford number is defined as the minimal distance from zero in C to the field of values of the associated complex matrix A = S 1 + iS 2 if zero lies outside the field of values of A . We describe, test, and compare a geometry based MATLAB code for finding for the generalized Crawford number that measures the smallest distance of zero from the boundary of the field of values of A even if zero lies inside.
The potential of diversion structures to reduce roadway mortality of the endangered Hine’s emerald dragonfly ( Somatochlora hineana )

Roadways near wetlands and ponds inflict high roadkill rates on a wide variety of taxa. For threatened or endangered species that typically do not have large adult populations, fast reproduction rates, and/or rapid recolonization rates, such mortality is likely to have significant population consequences. Thus, exploring ways to reduce roadkill rates will have considerable conservation benefits. In this study, we evaluate whether a diversion structure can be used to modify flight behavior of the endangered Hine’s emerald dragonfly (Somatochlora hineana) in ways that would reduce roadway mortality. Flight behavior of adult S. hineana was observed with and without two 3 m high nets spaced at 6 and 12 m to simulate a small and a larger roadway. The netting significantly deterred (p < 0.0001) S. hineana adults from crossing the simulated roadway. Flight height was also influenced significantly (p = 0.0025) with flight heights over the 6 m net spacing being higher than those over the 12 m spacing. This study suggests that the use of diversion netting in areas where sensitive dragonfly species interact with motor vehicles might aid in reducing roadway mortality and might help reduce the overall impact of roadways on wetland ecosystems.
FULL POTENTIAL AB INITIO CALCULATIONS OF SPIRAL SPIN DENSITY WAVES IN FCC FE

All ab initio calculations of spiral spin density waves heretofore have used the atomic sphere approximation (ASA) in which not only is the potential assumed spherical but also the direction of magnetization is taken constant within each Wigner-Seitz sphere. We have performed full potential local density approximation calculations for \ensuremath{\gamma}-Fe spiral spin density waves with wave vector $\mathbf{q}=(2\ensuremath{\pi}/a)(0,0,\ensuremath{\alpha})$ and $\mathbf{q}=(2\ensuremath{\pi}/a)(\ensuremath{\gamma},0,1),$ finding the ground state at $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\approx}0.55.$ The results differ quantitatively but not qualitatively from those of ASA calculations. However, interesting results are obtained for the azimuthal angle of the magnetization $\ensuremath{\varphi}(\mathbf{r})=\mathbf{q}\ensuremath{\cdot}\mathbf{r}+\stackrel{^}{\ensuremath{\varphi}}(\mathbf{r}),$ where ${e}^{i\stackrel{^}{\ensuremath{\varphi}}(\mathbf{r})}$ is a function with the lattice periodicity which is calculated self-consistently.
Differential cross sections for electron impact excitation of Xe: II. Excitation of the sixth to twentieth lowest levels; experiment and theory

Experimental and theoretical differential cross sections for electron impact excitation of Xe are reported for the lowest 6th to 20th levels. These data are an extension of the work discussed in the preceding paper. The theoretical work is based on the unitarized first-order many-body theory and unitarized distorted-wave approximation. The experimental data span the same respective range of electron impact energies and scattering angles as the preceding paper. The present theoretical and experimental data are compared with each other and with other existing experimental data.
Alteration of structure and cellular protein profiles of Vibrio parahaemolyticus cells by high pressure treatment

Abstract Effects of high pressure processing on changes of cell morphology and cellular proteins were investigated using two Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains 10290 and 10292 subjected to pressure treatments (200 or 300 MPa for 5 min) at 20 °C. Cells with or without pressure treatments were studied for structural damage by leakage of internal cellular substances and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and for cellular proteins profiles by total sulfhydryl contents and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Increase in leakage of cellular substances was observed as the pressure of a treatment increased. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed cell damage of both V. parahaemolyticus strains after the pressure treatments, particularly at 300 MPa for 5 min. Total protein and sulfhydryl contents in cellular protein extracts of both strains decreased as the pressure of a treatment increased. SDS-PAGE analysis of cellular proteins extracted from V. parahaemolyticus cells after the pressure treatments revealed changes of cellular protein profiles with a few protein fragments of 150–250 kDa being affected most. These data suggest that inactivation of V. parahaemolyticus cells by high pressure processing is associated with cell membrane damage and changes of cellular protein profiles, which appear to be dependent on the strain and pressure applied in a treatment.
The Hearing of Faith: AKOH ΠІΣΤΕΩΣ in Galatians 3

At Gal 3. 2 and 3. 5 the apostle Paul sets ἔργα νόμου, ‘works of (the) Law’, over against ἁκοη πίστeως in two rhetorical questions with which he begins his attack against the position of his nomistic opponents in the Galatian churches. One hopes that this phrase άκοη πίστeως was less puzzling to the Galatian Christians than it has been to modern interpreters. The problem of interpretation is compounded by the fact that both words of the phrase can have quite different meanings. 'Ακοή can mean either the faculty or act of hearing or a message or report (that is, what is heard). Πίστις can name either a ‘subjective’ human act or attitude or the object of believing (that is, the Christian proclamation). Two important recent studies of Galatians have added their support to the view that by aκοη Paul means not ‘hearing’ but ‘proclamation’. In his Galatians commentary Hans Dieter Betz translates άκοη πίστeως as ‘[the] “proclamation of [the] faith”’. In The Faith of Jesus Christ, Richard B. Hays argues at some length that Paul means either ‘the message that evokes faith’ or ‘the message of faith (= the gospel-message)’.
Ultraviolet guardian - real time ultraviolet monitoring: estimating the pedestrians ultraviolet exposure before stepping outdoors

Geographic location, environmental properties, and altitude are factors that contribute to the increase or decrease of the pedestrians ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Over-exposure can cause severe skin damage, possibly leading to skin cancer. This work proposes an algorithm for estimating the pedestrians UVA and UVB exposure along a path in an urban environment before stepping outdoors. The algorithm is incorporated into our UV Guardian (UVG) system. For all pedestrian path walk experiments conducted, results show that the proposed algorithm estimates the pedestrians UVB exposure with 94% accuracy. For UVA exposure estimation, the accuracy is 71%.
Cutaneous concerns of scleroderma patients

The clinical features of facial and oral involvement in scleroderma are striking. We conducted a survey of patients with systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). The purpose of our study was to ascertain what was most bothersome aesthetically to scleroderma patients. We also looked at the differences between age groups and genders. The survey was mailed to 1,000 individuals who subscribe to a national lay group organization. We received 303 completed surveys indicating the patient's age, gender, age at onset of disease, and a checklist of 14 physical variables involving the central face and non-face. The respondents were asked to rate their level of concern [on a scale of great (1) -moderate (2) -little (3) -none (4)] in regards to 14 different physical variables. The respondents consisted of 92% females and 8% males. The mean age was 59 years +/- 13 (SD), and the median age was 60. The mean and median age at diagnosis was 45 years +/- 15 (SD). The percentage of respondents expressing concern for specific features was the following: for thin lips (73%), mouth furrows (80%), loss of facial lines (68%), and a smaller, tighter mouth (77%). There was less concern over the non-face features. The percentage of respondents expressing no concern was the following: for absence of sweating (57%), skin darkening (50%), nail dystrophy (57%), and skin atrophy (63%). There was a highly statistically significant difference (p<0.0001) between those respondents concerned with central face features vs. non-face features. With advancing age and longer disease duration, there was increased concern over the aforementioned central face features (p<0.0001). The vast majority of patients with systemic sclerosis have great concerns over changing facial features, and this worsens with age.
Entrepreneurial piracy through strategic deception: the 'make, buy, or steal' decision.

In this paper, we explore the antecedents of entrepreneurial piracy through a case study approach involving the move of the National Basketball Association’s (NBA’s) Seattle Supersonics to Oklahoma City (OKC). The move of the Supersonics highlights an aspect of organisational strategy where existing theory is deficient in explaining the phenomena regarding firm boundaries and resource acquisition. Specifically, we argue in this paper for an expansion of the traditional ‘make or buy’ decision to include a ‘steal’ option. Several propositions are offered to suggest that the context in which this act of entrepreneurial piracy occurred could be generalised to other cases of artificial market constraints on valuable resources and includes the features of information compactedness, opportunism, bounded rationality, and strategic deception.
A greedy algorithm for supervised discretization

We present a greedy algorithm for supervised discretization using a metric defined on the space of partitions of a set of objects. This proposed technique is useful for preparing the data for classifiers that require nominal attributes. Experimental work on decision trees and naive Bayes classifiers confirm the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.
Oxidation of glucose-1-14C, glucose-6-14C and acetate-1-14C by rat ventricle strips during the inotropic action of fluoroacetate☆

Abstract The rate of oxidation of 14 C-labeled substrates by electrically stimulated rat ventricle strips during the positive inotropic action of fluoroacetate was investigated. The positive inotropic effect of fluoroacetate was accompanied by a marked depression of glucose oxidation. In the presence of fluoroacatate, the amount of 14 CO 2 derived from the metabolism of glucose-1- 14 C was not significantly different from that derived from glucose-6- 14 C. The data indicated that during the positive inotropic effect of fluoroacetate the Krebs cycle was inhibited. The energy for the positive inotropic effect does not appear to be derived from the oxidation of glucose via the phosphogluconate pathway.
Evidence that gliding motility in prokaryotic cells is driven by rotary assemblies in the cell envelopes

It is proposed that gliding motility in bacteria is based on rotary assemblies located in the cell envelope and that these assemblies may be analogous to basal regions of bacterial flagella. This proposal rests on the following evidence: (i) Structures resembling flagellar basal regions have been demonstrated in cells ofCytophaga johnsonae andFlexibacter columnaris, and such structures are absent from one nonmotile mutant ofF. columnaris. (ii) The effects of inhibitors of energy metabolism on gliding motility are identical with their effects on prokaryotic fiagellar motility. (iii) The active movement of latex spheres along surfaces of gliding bacteria appears to depend on mechanisms responsible for motility and can be explained by the presence of rotary surface assemblies.
Carbon dioxide in magmas and implications for hydrothermal systems

This review focuses on the solubility, origin, abundance, and degassing of carbon dioxide (CO2) in magma–hydrothermal systems, with applications for those workers interested in intrusion-related deposits of gold and other metals. The solubility of CO2 increases with pressure and magma alkalinity. Its solubility is low relative to that of H2O, so that fluids exsolved deep in the crust tend to have high CO2/H2O compared with fluids evolved closer to the surface. Similarly, CO2/H2O will typically decrease during progressive decompression- or crystallization-induced degassing. The temperature dependence of solubility is a function of the speciation of CO2, which dissolves in molecular form in rhyolites (retrograde temperature solubility), but exists as dissolved carbonate groups in basalts (prograde). Magnesite and dolomite are stable under a relatively wide range of mantle conditions, but melt just above the solidus, thereby contributing CO2 to mantle magmas. Graphite, diamond, and a free CO2-bearing fluid may be the primary carbon-bearing phases in other mantle source regions. Growing evidence suggests that most CO2 is contributed to arc magmas via recycling of subducted oceanic crust and its overlying sediment blanket. Additional carbon can be added to magmas during magma–wallrock interactions in the crust. Studies of fluid and melt inclusions from intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks yield ample evidence that many magmas are vapor saturated as deep as the mid crust (10–15 km) and that CO2 is an appreciable part of the exsolved vapor. Such is the case in both basaltic and some silicic magmas. Under most conditions, the presence of a CO2-bearing vapor does not hinder, and in fact may promote, the ascent and eruption of the host magma. Carbonic fluids are poorly miscible with aqueous fluids, particularly at high temperature and low pressure, so that the presence of CO2 can induce immiscibility both within the magmatic volatile phase and in hydrothermal systems. Because some metals, including gold, can be more volatile in vapor phases than coexisting liquids, the presence of CO2 may indirectly aid the process of metallogenesis by inducing phase separation.
Quality of Life from an Evolutionary Perspective

Quality of Life (QoL) is a multi-dimensional concept that includes: a) the long-term sustainability of the earth; b) good health, education, welfare; and c) the psychological state of wellbeing. This article, which introduces a special issue on QoL from an evolutionary perspective, shows how modern evolutionary science provides a “toolkit” for studying all aspects of QoL.
Frequency standard research using stored ions

Abstract We summarize research undertaken to develop time and frequency standards based on stored ions. The ion storage method for high resolution spectroscopy is also briefly compared to the methods for stored neutrals and slow atomic beams.
Adrenodoxin Reductase Homolog (Arh1p) of Yeast Mitochondria Required for Iron Homeostasis

Arh1p is an essential mitochondrial protein of yeast with reductase activity. Here we show that this protein is involved in iron metabolism. A yeast strain was constructed in which the open reading frame was placed under the control of a galactose-regulated promoter. Protein expression was induced by galactose and repressed to undetectable levels in the absence of galactose, although cells grew quite well in the absence of inducer. Under noninducing conditions, cellular iron uptake was dysregulated, exhibiting a failure to repress in response to medium iron. Iron trafficking within the cell was also disturbed. Exposure of Arh1p-depleted cells to increasing iron concentrations during growth led to drastic increases in mitochondrial iron, indicating a loss of homeostatic control. Activity of aconitase, a prototype Fe-S protein, was deficient at all concentrations of mitochondrial iron, although the protein level was unaltered. Heme protein deficiencies were exacerbated in the iron-loaded mitochondria, suggesting a toxic side effect of accumulated iron. Finally, a time course correlated the cellular depletion of Arh1p with the coordinated appearance of various mutant phenotypes including dysregulated cellular iron uptake, deficiency of Fe-S protein activities in mitochondria and cytoplasm, and deficiency of hemoproteins. Thus, Arh1p is required for control of cellular and mitochondrial iron levels and for the activities of Fe-S cluster proteins.
Flux line depinning in a magnet-superconductor levitation system

Abstract The AC loss characteristics of a magnet-superconductor system were studied with the magnet fixed to the free end of an oscillating cantilever located near a stationary melt-textured YBCO pellet. Below a threshold AC field amplitude ≈2 Oe, the dissipation of the oscillator is amplitude-independent, characteristic of a linear, non-hysteretic regime. Above threshold, dissipation increases with amplitude, reflecting the depinning and hysteretic motion of flux lines. The threshold AC field is an order of magnitude higher than that measured for the same YBCO material via AC susceptometry in a uniform DC magnetic field. A partial lock-in of flux lines between YBCO ab planes is proposed as the mechanism for the substantial increase of the depinning threshold.
Independent Restaurant Manager Correctness in Assessing the Legality of Selected Activities

ABSTRACT This study examined the degree to which independent restaurant managers were able to correctly judge which of a series of potential unethical activities were illegal, under federal regulations and which were not. Mail survey results indicated that the managers were unable to accurately identify more than half of the selected practices under study. Managers of smaller independent restaurants were less accurate than their counterparts in larger independent restaurants, in making these judgments.
Attitudinal, demographic, and outcome correlates of clients' satisfaction.

S u m m a r y . 4 8 hospitalized psychiatric patients were given a client satisfaction scale, the Future Outlook Inventory, the Opinions About Mental Illness Scale, and the Client Attitude Questionnaire. Clients' satisfaction correlated .39 with future outlook and 3 4 with mental hygiene ideology on the OM1 Scale. Satisfaction was not significantly correlated with the other mental health attitudes measured by the two scales. Satisfaction also was not related to the clients' characteristics of sex, race, education, diagnosis, time in hospital, or previous history of hospitalization. Clients' satisfaction w q not a significant predictor of subsequent program completion or of working status at follow-up, suggesting that clients' satisfaction may be relatively independent of other outcome measures.
Performance of synchronous multirate CDMA via statistical physics

New results are reported on the performance of synchronous multirate code-division multiple access (CDMA) systems. It has been shown using a statistical physics approach that, under arbitrary inputs and signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), a CDMA channel followed by a generic multiuser detection front end can be decoupled into a bank of Gaussian single-user channels in the large-system limit. This work extends the analysis to multirate CDMA where users may employ a combination of adaptive modulation, variable spreading factor, and multicode schemes to transmit at different data rates. It is found that the decoupling principle still holds, i.e., each user experiences an equivalent single-user Gaussian channel, where the degradation in the SNR, known as the multiuser efficiency, is obtained analytically by solving some fixed-point equations. This result applies to optimal multiuser detectors as well as many well-know suboptimal detectors. The simple large-system characterization of multirate CDMA encompasses many previous results as special cases
A Mouse Model of the Most Aggressive Subgroup of Human Medulloblastoma

Medulloblastomas that display a large cell/anaplastic morphology and overexpress the cellular c-MYC gene are highly aggressive and carry a very poor prognosis. This so-called MYC-subgroup differs in its histopathology, gene expression profile, and clinical behavior from other forms of medulloblastoma. We generated a mouse model of MYC-subgroup medulloblastoma by transducing Trp53-null cerebellar progenitor cells with Myc. The cardinal features of these mouse medulloblastomas closely mimic those of human MYC-subgroup tumors and significantly differ from mouse models of the Sonic-Hedgehog- and WNT-disease subgroups. This mouse model should significantly accelerate understanding and treatment of the most aggressive form of medulloblastoma and infers distinct roles for MYC and MYCN in tumorigenesis.
Modeling dynamic controls on ice streams : a Bayesian statistical approach

Our main goal is to exemplify the study of ice-stream dynamics via Bayesian statistical analysis incorporating physical, though imperfectly known, models using data that are both incomplete and noisy. The physical-statistical models we propose account for these uncertainties in a coherent, hierarchical manner. The initial modeling assumption estimates basal shear stress as equal to driving stress, but subsequently includes a random corrector process to account for model error. The resulting stochastic equation is incorporated into a simple model for surface velocities. Use of Bayes' theorem allows us to make inferences on all unknowns given basal elevation, surface elevation and surface velocity. The result is a posterior distribution of possible values that can be summarized in a number of ways. For example, the posterior mean of the stress field indicates average behavior at any location in the field, and the posterior standard deviations describe associated uncertainties. We analyze data from the 'Northeast Greenland Ice Stream' and illustrate how scientific conclusions may be drawn from our Bayesian analysis.
Systemic Toxicity From Subchronic Dermal Exposure, Chemical Characterization, and Dermal Penetration of Catalytically Cracked Clarified Slurry Oil:

Clarified slurry oil (CSO), the heavy residual fraction from the fluidized catalytic cracker, was applied to the shaven backs of groups of 10 male and 10 female Sprague-Dawley rats 5 days/week for ...
Sufficient and necessary conditions for conformality at a point. Part I. Geometric viewpoint

We study the local behaviour of ACL-homeomorphisms in the plane, defined in a neighbourhood of a point and satisfying the Beltrami equation with coefficient We use extremal length techniques, modules of ring domains, of quadrilaterals and of families of curves that are arcs of spirals to provide geometric sufficient and necessary conditions for conformality at a point.
Broadband Characterization of Coplanar Waveguide Interconnects With Rough Conductor Surfaces

This paper presents a method to simulate the effects of conductor surface roughness on conductor-backed coplanar waveguide (CB-CPW) interconnects using 3-D full wave simulation tools. In this paper, a high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) from ANSYS has been implemented for rough surfaces with Gaussian correlation functions. The rough surfaces that exist between the dielectric and copper foils are modeled using a statistical random process approach. The varying heights for the random rough surface with specified autocorrelation function (ACF), root mean square height (Hrms), and correlation length (λ) are generated using Matlab, and these data are used in HFSS to model and simulate the performance of the CB-CPW interconnect with rough conductor surfaces. The results show that both Hrms and λ influence the overall attenuation coefficient, and the trends are consistent with the other studies in this area. The method presented in this paper provides designers with a technique to characterize the effect of conductor surface roughness for different types of transmission lines with varying substrates and extent of conductor roughness.
Amending P3P for clearer privacy promises

The Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P) can be a viable tool for organizations to clarify their privacy promises. In this paper, we summarize our experiences and describe some of the problems we have encountered when using P3P. Our main criticisms on P3P are its complicated structure, ambiguities in the specification, and missing guidelines for user agents. We suggest several improvements such as an extended but simplified syntax and a revised consent model that groups opt-in/opt-out choices into one "consent block", which can be associated with multiple statements.
The mechanism of palatal clefting in the Col11a1 mutant mouse

The occurrence of cleft palate in mutant mice offers an opportunity to understand the possible role of specific genes in palatogenesis. Here, cleft palate in mice carrying the chondrodysplasia (cho) defect, which consists of an autosomal-recessive mutation in the collagen gene Col11a1, was investigated. The proposed cause of cleft palate in cho homozygous mice is failure of the palatal shelves to adhere and make contact due to mandibular growth abnormalities. Another cause of cleft palate that has recently been demonstrated in other animal models is failure of the midline epithelial seam forming between the shelves to undergo epithelial–mesenchymal transformation (EMT). The present strategy to test the likelihood of this second possibility was to culture the unfused cho/cho palatal shelves at different stages of development to see if they were capable of adhering and undergoing EMT in vitro. By using carboxydichlorofluorescein succinimidyl ester to trace the fate of the medial-edge epithelium (MEE), it was shown that cho/cho palates have full potential for MEE adherence and EMT up to embryonic day 17.5/18.5, when epithelia keratinize before birth, preventing the adherence of both the normal and homozygous palatal shelves. Thus, the major effect of the mutant collagen gene on the palate is likely to be via mandibular growth disruption. The possibility that unfused palatal shelves in other clinical syndromes can adhere and undergo EMT if brought into contact at appropriate times before birth has important therapeutic implications.
Weighted order statistic classifiers with large rank-order margin

We investigate how stack filter function classes like weighted order statistics can be applied to classification problems. This leads to a new design criteria for linear classifiers when inputs are binary-valued and weights are positive. We present a rank-based measure of margin that is directly optimized as a standard linear program and investigate its relationship to regularization. Our approach can robustly combine large numbers of base hypothesis and has similar performance to other types of regularization.
Silver nanowires: synthesis, characterization and optical properties

We describe electrochemical synthesis of a bulk metamaterial, consisting of silver nanowires in Porous Anodic Alumina membrane and its characterization. We have found that the quality of the synthesized metamaterial depends on the metal used as a working electrode at the optimal conditions of the electroplating process. The dissolution of the thin layer of working electrode is occurred during the electrochemical reaction. It suggests an important role of interfacial phenomena taking place between the working electrode and the sample holder.
What you installed is what you see: help navigation in modular software products

As software becomes increasingly modular and componentized, giving users more control over what components they install and use, the challenge of creating useful, task-based navigation hierarchies becomes more complex. Help navigation needs to reflect the tasks a user can actually perform, given the components that were installed. This presents organizational and writing challenges for writers and technical challenges for help delivery systems. This paper examines a number of existing and possible future ways of implementing document navigation in a componentized software product and recommends approaches for future projects.
Elastic inversion of near- and postcritical reflections using phase variation with angle

Near- and postcritical (wide-angle) reflections provide the potential for velocity and density inversion because of their large amplitudes and phase-shifted waveforms. We tested using phase variation with angle (PVA) data in addition to, or instead of, amplitude variation with angle (AVA) data for elastic inversion. Accurate PVA test data were generated using the reflectivity method. Two other forward modeling methods were also investigated, including plane-wave and spherical-wave reflection coefficients. For a two half-space model, linearized least squares was used to invert PVA and AVA data for the P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, and the density of the lower space and the S-wave velocity of the upper space. Inversion tests showed the feasibility and robustness of PVA inversion. A reverse-time migration test demonstrated better preservation of PVA information than AVA information during wavefield propagation through a layered overburden. Phases of deeper reflections were less affected than amplitudes by the transmission losses, which makes the results of PVA inversion more accurate than AVA inversion in multilayered media. PVA brings useful information to the elastic inversion of wide-angle reflections.
Phoretic Dispersal of Armored Scale Crawlers (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)

ABSTRACT Dispersal and colonization of new areas by armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) is achieved by mobile first-instar nymphs, called crawlers, Few studies have considered the actual mechanisms by which crawlers disperse, and although crawlers are capable of actively wandering over short distances (generally 1 m). We first confirmed that crawlers of four species of Diaspididae [Abgrallaspis aguacatae Evans, Watson & Miller; Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret); Aspidiotus nerii Bouche; and Diaspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock)] have four hairs on the end of each of their legs and that each of these hairs ends in a suction cup-like structure, reminiscent of the attachment structures possessed by phoretic mites. In a controlled environment, using crawlers of A. nerii, we then showed that the crawlers use these structu...