cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract P4-08-02: Integration of transcriptomic, proteomic and drug response data in triple negative breast cancer cell lines and PDX models

Drug response screens on panels of cell lines aimed at identifying markers of sensitivity or resistance have been limited in their successes. Unfortunately, the recent release of many such studies has been accompanied by concerns surrounding reproducibility. Since then, several publications have addressed these concerns by pointing out sources of variability and by suggesting better experimental methods as well as more robust analytical approaches. In the presented profiling effort, we integrated the latest advances in drug response measurement and focused on data diversity and quality rather than on breadth. We selected 32 breast cancer cell lines with a strong bias towards triple negative lines as well as 4 cell lines established from relevant patient-derived xenografts. We used high content microscopy to assay the phenotypic responses of the cell lines to a panel of 34 drugs made up largely of kinase inhibitors currently in the clinic along with some standard of care chemotherapeutics. The microscopy based drug response assay allowed us to measure drug potency, and to quantify the efficacy of the drugs in terms of growth inhibition and cell death. For the same cell lines, we used RNAseq to measure basal mRNA expression levels and shotgun mass spectrometry to measure endogenous protein levels. The completeness and controlled conditions under which these data sets were collected provide confidence in their integration. The complementarity of these multi-omics data has allowed us to address questions about the landscape of, particularly triple negative, breast cancer cell lines. Such questions include: where do the patient-derived lines lay among the established cell lines? and how different are the landscapes defined by drug response phenotypes, mRNA expression, and protein levels? We used network-based algorithms to identify eigenstates of signaling pathways related to genomic events, and further explored these states in the TCGA data. At the level of drug response, we have focused on important questions related to the clinical use of kinase inhibitors. In particular, we compared various CDK inhibitors in an effort to identify markers that are informative of response potency and efficacy. We have also looked at variability of the responses of the cell lines studied to multiple PI3K inhibitors that either target specific isoforms or all isoforms. Overall the data set that has been collected is a valuable resource for understanding drug response in triple negative breast cancer, and the transcriptomic and proteomic factors that influence it. Citation Format: Mills CE, Hafner MA, Sorger PK. Integration of transcriptomic, proteomic and drug response data in triple negative breast cancer cell lines and PDX models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-08-02.
Aeolian Modifications of Glacial Moraines at Bishop Creek, Eastern California

Aeolian landforms and deposits are important sources of paleoclimatic data, especially when associated with other climate controlled landforms. Aeolian activity has modified Pleistocene glacial moraines at Bishop Creek, California, through the deposition of dust, tephra, and sand on moraine surfaces and the abrasion of till boulders. Many moraine surfaces are mantled by 1 to 20 cm of Holocene age aeolian dust. The magnitude of the aeolian modifications to the moraines appear to vary over small distances in response to the complex topography. Dust influx influences pedogenesis and rock weathering significantly. The spatial variation of dust deposits is superposed on the chronosequence of glacial moraines and confounds expected weathering and pedologic trends. Ventifact populations formed ~15–22 ka and ~60–65 ka reveal that aeolian erosive activity is associated with full and retreating glacial conditions. Before chronosequence research is conducted on dryland landforms, site to site variability in aeolian influence must be analyzed to assess constancy in affects.
Comprehensive comparison of gradient-based cross-spectral stereo matching generated disparity maps

In Gradient-Based Cross-Spectral Stereo Matching (GB-CSSM) output disparity maps tend to produce coarse results that are, for the most part, reliable. However, general methods of improving the performance of disparity maps generated from the Cross-Spectral comparison of visual and full infrared input images are non-existent. In particular, previous works fail to address the role and interaction of the parameters present in a GB-CSSM algorithm as a way to improve the performance of a disparity map. In this paper, we introduce the first comprehensive comparison of GB-CSSM generated disparity maps. More specifically, we consider all possible input parameter combinations to a GB-CCSM algorithm and evaluate how these parameters affect runtime as well as accuracy and validity of the disparity maps. Our objective is to provide designers with a systematic means of classifying and easily identifying optimal disparity maps (in terms of a combination of runtime, accuracy, and validity). Our experimental results show how a Pareto frontier of optimal disparity maps can be generated as a result of our analysis. The ultimate goal is to allow for the development of new and improved GB-CSSM algorithms that can be applied to a broader range of applications.
A resonant switched capacitor based 4-to-1 bus converter achieving 2180 W/in 3 power density and 98.9% peak efficiency

Hybrid switched-capacitor (SC) converters are known to have the potential to achieve higher efficiency and higher power density than conventional SC and magnetic-based converters, thanks to the efficient utilization of both active and passive components. By comparing the total switch stress and the minimal passive component volume, the cascaded 2:1 resonant SC topology is found to be excellent for applications with large conversion ratio (e.g. data center power delivery). A 36–60 V input, 4:1 fixed ratio intermediate bus converter is built based on this topology. The prototype achieves 98.9% peak efficiency and up to 2180 W/in3 power density, both of which are significantly higher than the state-of-the-art.
In the Shadow of Bologna: Teaching and Learning Outcomes in the USA and Europe

The conversation about teaching and learning goals in history is well established in both Europe and the USA, where such goals may be called learning outcomes, learning goals, or degree qualifications. Departments in the countries comprising the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) are required to generate these goals and to publish them, while in the USA, participation in the creation of learning goals is voluntary. In both domains, there is considerable institutional variation, but there is substantial overlap in the teaching and learning goals historians have created, suggesting broad agreement about the essential competencies and capabilities students should have mastered when they complete an undergraduate degree in history. However, the different programs followed by students suggest that departments use the same words and concepts to mean different degrees of competence and there has not been much attention paid to progression nor to effective evaluations of whether students have attained these goals. This failure, coupled with considerable pushback in both realms by faculty who find such goals alien to how they think about their professional selves, threatens to undermine the value of such teaching and learning goals.
Hyperconjugation Promotes Catalysis in a Pyridoxal 5′-Phosphate-Dependent Enzyme

Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes facilitate reaction specificity by aligning the scissile σ-bond of the PLP-substrate covalent complex perpendicular to the ring of the cofactor. Current models propose that this alignment causes a destabilization of the ground state. To test this hypothesis, quantum chemical calculations, utilizing our recent neutron diffraction models of aspartate aminotransferase, were performed. The calculations reveal that the scissile σ-bond orbital overlaps significantly with the π* orbital of the Schiff base. This σ → π* hyperconjugation interaction stabilizes the ground state of the external aldimine and substantially contributes to transition-state stabilization by withdrawing electron density from the Cα-H σ bond into the π system of PLP, enhancing the rate of catalysis.
Improving discourse management in TRIPS-98.

The discourse manager is the component of the TRIPS-98 system that maintains a list of candidate antecedents to be used for resolving anaphoric referring expressions. The model currently implemented in the system is a monologue-based model of context that has a variety of limitations. This paper discusses changes to the underlying model to make it handle a much broader range of referring expressions. Some of these changes have already been implemented in the system and some are the subject of a long-term project.
Viruses and Autoimmune Diabetes in Rats

The role of viral infection in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes in humans remains an open question. Viruses are variously thought to be causative, preventive, or irrelevant. The rat models of the disease suggest that the role of viruses in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity can be multifaceted, with effects that are dependent on viral agent, host age, genetic background, and the immunological environment of the host at the time of infection. Among inbred strains with spontaneous onset of diabetes (BBDP, LEW.1AR1-iddm), the prevalence of disease generally increases with progressive removal of viruses from their environment. In contrast, in two rat strains with genetic susceptibility but little or no spontaneous diabetes in clean environments (BBDR, LEW.1WR1), infection with viruses from several families (parvovirus, enterovirus, poxvirus, herpesvirus) can trigger the disorder. The ability of viruses to do so is limited to juvenile animals, is dependent sensitively on the state of innate immunity before infections, and is strain dependent. Maternal immunization can prevent the onset of diabetes in infected offspring. The rat models of type 1 diabetes suggest that the role of infection in autoimmunity is complex but amenable to dissection.
Aspectualizers and Events

The semantic and syntactic consistency of aspectualizers does not stop with the verbs themselves but extends to the characteristics of the arguments that they operate on. It will be shown below that the complements which cooccur with this group of verbs can, in general, be classified as denoting EVENTS. This is intended to mean that the complements of aspectual verbs are semantically classifiable as events as opposed to propositions (or facts) and in most cases as distinct also from objects.
Mesozoic Corals of Mexico

The majority of the Mesozoic scleractinian corals reported from Mexico, 117 species or about 80 percent, are from Cretaceous strata. Comparatively little is known of the earlier Mesozoic corals. The Jurassic corals, a total of 17 species, have been described from five localities in Mexico, all in Upper Jurassic rocks. The 10 Triassic coral species described from Mexico are from the Upper Triassic Antimonio Formation of northwestern Sonora. The majority of the Jurassic and Triassic coral species reported from Mexico have been described previously from occurrences in Europe.
Gene expression and DNA methylation changes in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of adult rats developmentally exposed to bisphenol A or ethinyl estradiol: a CLARITY-BPA consortium study.

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC), is a ubiquitous pollutant. As part of the Consortium Linking Academic and Regulatory Insights on BPA Toxicity (CLARITY-BPA), we sought to ...
Distinct requirements of linker DNA and transcriptional activators in promoting SAGA-mediated nucleosome acetylation

The Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA) family of transcriptional coactivators are prototypical nucleosome acetyltransferase complexes that regulate multiple steps in gene transcription. The size and complexity of both the SAGA enzyme and the chromatin substrate provide numerous opportunities for regulating the acetylation process. To better probe this regulation, here we developed a bead-based nucleosome acetylation assay to characterize the binding interactions and kinetics of acetylation with different nucleosomal substrates and the full SAGA complex purified from budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). We found that SAGA-mediated nucleosome acetylation is stimulated up to 9-fold by DNA flanking the nucleosome, both by facilitating the binding of SAGA and by accelerating acetylation turnover. This stimulation required that flanking DNA is present on both sides of the nucleosome and that one side is >15 bp long. The Gal4–VP16 transcriptional activator fusion protein could also augment nucleosome acetylation up to 5-fold. However, contrary to our expectations, this stimulation did not appear to occur by stabilizing the binding of SAGA toward nucleosomes containing an activator-binding site. Instead, increased acetylation turnover by SAGA stimulated nucleosome acetylation. These results suggest that the Gal4–VP16 transcriptional activator directly stimulates acetylation via a dual interaction with both flanking DNA and SAGA. Altogether, these findings uncover several critical mechanisms of SAGA regulation by chromatin substrates.
Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis in the Black Population: A Ten-Year Experience

Introduction Transthyretin (ATTR) cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is becoming increasingly recognized as an underlying pathology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in elderly patients. One in 25 African Americans are carriers of the hereditary variant (ATTRv) Val-122-Ile point mutation, increasing the risk of developing ATTR-CA. Age-related wild-type (ATTRwt) is the most common cause of ATTR-CA overall, seen most often in white males. We present the racial distribution of ATTR-CA at our institution from 2008-2018, focusing on the black subpopulation. Methods This is a retrospective review of patients with ATTR-CA seen between 2008 and 2018 at the Cleveland Clinic. Diagnosis of ATTR-CA was established via endomyocardial biopsy or non-biopsy protocol with technetium pyrophosphate scintigraphy. Genetic typing was obtained when possible. Results Of 350 patients with ATTR-CA, 110 (31%) identified as racially black or African American. In the black population with available genetic testing (n = 96), 76% of cases were due to Val-122-Ile ATTRv and 22% were due to ATTRwt. Variants Asp-18-Asn and Glu-54-Gln were also represented with one case each. Average age at diagnosis in the black subpopulation was 75 ±9 years and 78% of patients were male. History of hypertension was seen in 83% of patients, and diabetes mellitus was seen in 38%. Carpal tunnel syndrome was present in 46% of patients. There were no statistically significant differences in demographics, clinical or lab parameters between blacks with ATTRv Val-122-Ile versus ATTRwt. Conclusions Over the course of a decade, black patients accounted for nearly one-third of all patients with ATTR-CA seen at our institution. The majority had hereditary ATTR due to the Val-122-Ile mutation, but nearly one quarter had ATTRwt. Additionally, there were two rarer mutations found. Current estimates of the prevalence of ATTR-CA in the black population focus on those with the Val-122-Ile variant at risk for development of hereditary ATTR, but do not account for blacks who may develop ATTRwt. The significant prevalence of ATTRwt in our cohort suggests ATTR-CA may be more prevalent in the black population. With accessibility to non-invasive diagnostic methods, recognition of ATTR-CA in black patients is critical as therapies become available for this progressive disease.
Sulfasalazine Resolves Joint Stiffness in a Rabbit Model of Arthrofibrosis

Joint stiffness due to fibrosis/capsule contracture is a seriously disabling complication of articular injury that surgical interventions often fail to completely resolve. Fibrosis/contracture is associated with the abnormal persistence of myofibroblasts, which over-produce and contract collagen matrices. We hypothesized that intra-articular therapy with drugs targeting myofibroblast survival (sulfasalazine), or collagen production (β-aminopropionitrile and cis-hydroxyproline), would reduce joint stiffness in a rabbit model of fibrosis/contracture. Drugs were encapsulated in poly[lactic-co-glycolic] acid pellets and implanted in joints after fibrosis/contracture induction. Capsule α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression and intimal thickness were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and histomorphometry, respectively. Joint stiffness was quantified by flexion-extension testing. Drawer tests were employed to determine if the drugs induced cruciate ligament laxity. Joint capsule fibroblasts were tested in vitro for contractile activity and α-SMA expression. Stiffness in immobilized joints treated with blank pellets (control) was significantly higher than in non-immobilized, untreated joints (normal) (p = 0.0008), and higher than in immobilized joints treated with sulfasalazine (p = 0.0065). None of the drugs caused significant cruciate ligament laxity. Intimal thickness was significantly lower than control in the normal and sulfasalazine-treated groups (p = 0.010 and 0.025, respectively). Contractile activity in the cells from controls was significantly increased versus normal (p = 0.001). Sulfasalazine and β-aminopropionitrile significantly inhibited this effect (p = 0.005 and 0.0006, respectively). α-SMA expression was significantly higher in control versus normal (p = 0.0021) and versus sulfasalazine (p = 0.0007). These findings support the conclusion that sulfasalazine reduced stiffness by clearing myofibroblasts from fibrotic joints. Statement of clinical significance: The results provide proof-of-concept that established joint stiffness can be resolved non-surgically. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:629-638, 2020.
Does Use of High-fidelity Simulation Improve Resident Physician Competency and Comfort Identifying and Managing Bradyarrhythmias?

INTRODUCTION A workshop was designed to evaluate whether high-fidelity simulation with interactive case discussion could improve resident physician knowledge and comfort interpreting and managing bradyarrhythmias. Methods: All the residents completed a pre-test and then participated in a one-hour interactive presentation, which included practice interpreting rhythm strips and 12-lead electrocardiograms. Forty-four residents were assigned to the intervention group and completed 10 simulated cases using a mannequin, a real defibrillator/external pacemaker, a medication cart, and a simulated telemetry monitor displaying real-time electrocardiograms under the guidance of two instructors. Seventeen residents were assigned to the control group and completed the same 10 cases using interactive discussion with the same instructors but without the use of the high-fidelity simulation models. All residents underwent post-testing. Results: For the intervention group, the mean pre- and post-test knowledge scores were 13.93 and 17.28 (p=0.0001), and the mean pre- and post-test comfort scores were 2.92 and 4.24 (p=0.0001). For the control group, the mean pre- and post-test knowledge scores were 14.52 and 18.00 (p=0.005), and the mean pre- and post-test comfort scores were 2.97 and 4.35 (p=0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between pre-test and post-test knowledge and comfort scores for the two groups (p=0.633, p=0.421, p=0.177). CONCLUSION Interactive workshops help improve resident knowledge and comfort with identifying and managing bradycardias. The use of high-fidelity simulation models may not be superior to a similar interactive learning experience without the use of high-fidelity simulation tools.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND ANGIOPOIETIN-2 ELEVATION REMAINS SIGNIFICANT FOLLOWING 1-YEAR INTERVAL

Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) is a proinflammatory glycoprotein upregulated in atrial fibrillation (AF) and stage 5 chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis (CKD5-HD). Previous studies have demonstrated elevated Ang-2 to be predictive of comorbid AF diagnosis in CKD5-HD. Little is known about serial Ang-2
Thirst as an ingestive behavior: A brief review on physiology and assessment.

Background:Thirst is a sensation normally aroused by a lack of water and associated with a desire to drink more fluid.Aim:The aims of this brief review are twofold: (a) to summarize the thirst mech...
Assessing Student Work in Engineering Graphics and Visualization Course

Advances in computer technology have led to significant changes in the content of the freshman engineering graphics course. Course topics, textbooks, and software choices differ from one institution to another, depending in part on the programs of study the engineering graphics course serves. In addition, institutions differ in the methods used to assess student learning. A number of authors have presented their work in the area of grading criteria and assessment of student work in the freshman engineering graphics course. In the latest revision of the engineering graphics course at Georgia Tech, a backward design approach was used to identify goals for student understanding, to establish assessments for measuring student understanding, and to plan instruction. This paper describes the evolution of the freshman engineering graphics course at Georgia Tech, in terms of course content and assessment methodology. The paper includes a statement of learning objectives, an assessment matrix, and examples of student assignments.
High Levels of Oxidative Stress Create a Microenvironment That Significantly Decreases the Diversity of the Microbiota in Diabetic Chronic Wounds and Promotes Biofilm Formation.

Diabetics chronic wounds are characterized by high levels of oxidative stress (OS) and are often colonized by biofilm-forming bacteria that severely compromise healing and can result in amputation. However, little is known about the role of skin microbiota in wound healing and chronic wound development. We hypothesized that high OS levels lead to chronic wound development by promoting the colonization of biofilm-forming bacteria over commensal/beneficial bacteria. To test this hypothesis, we used our db/db -/- mouse model for chronic wounds where pathogenic biofilms develop naturally after induction of high OS immediately after wounding. We sequenced the bacterial rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene of the wound microbiota from wound initiation to fully developed chronic wounds. Indicator species analysis, which considers a species' fidelity and specificity, was used to determine which bacterial species were strongly associated with healing wounds or chronic wounds. We found that healing wounds were colonized by a diverse and dynamic bacterial microbiome that never developed biofilms even though biofilm-forming bacteria were present. Several clinically relevant species that are present in human chronic wounds, such as Cutibacterium acnes, Achromobacter sp., Delftia sp., and Escherichia coli, were highly associated with healing wounds. These bacteria may serve as bioindicators of healing and may actively participate in the processes of wound healing and preventing pathogenic bacteria from colonizing the wound. In contrast, chronic wounds, which had high levels of OS, had low bacterial diversity and were colonized by several clinically relevant, biofilm-forming bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Corynebacterium frankenforstense, and Acinetobacter sp. We observed unique population trends: for example, P. aeruginosa associated with aggressive biofilm development, whereas Staphylococcus xylosus was only present early after injury. These findings show that high levels of OS in the wound significantly altered the bacterial wound microbiome, decreasing diversity and promoting the colonization of bacteria from the skin microbiota to form biofilm. In conclusion, bacteria associated with non-chronic or chronic wounds could function as bioindicators of healing or non-healing (chronicity), respectively. Moreover, a better understanding of bacterial interactions between pathogenic and beneficial bacteria within an evolving chronic wound microbiota may lead to better solutions for chronic wound management.
A perfect confluence of physiology and morphology: discovery of the transverse tubular system and inward spread of activation in skeletal muscle

By early 1954, there existed a plausible model of muscle contraction called the sliding filament model. In addition, the nature of muscle excitation was understood. Surprisingly, the link between the membrane excitation and contraction was entirely unknown. This dilemma has been called the time-distance paradox. The path to discovery of the missing link between excitation and contraction was a rocky one involving the simultaneous but independent development of physiological and morphological studies. From the viewpoint of physiology, significant events included the most thrilling moment of a scientific life, confirmation of a hypothesis that was wrong, a major surprise and shock, a result not expected from evolutionary relationships, and disappointment and confusion before clarity. From the viewpoint of morphology, there was the exciting beginning and rapid development of biological electron microscopy, heroic experiments, the importance of sample preparative procedures, and discovery of clues from the old light microscopic literature. However, it was the confluence of physiology and morphology that brought clarity and a major advance in understanding, leading to the discovery of the transverse tubular system and inward spread of activation in skeletal muscle.
Deicing Application of Snow and Ice Control Chemicals: Comparison of Field Performance and Operational Cost

Abstract This paper presents findings from a side-by-side operational comparison of granular road salt (RS) and MeltDown 20 (MD) deicing chemicals for snow and ice control from the perspective of “...
Selectivity and the effect of mass extinctions on disparity and functional ecology

Selectivity of mass extinctions is thought to play a major role in coupling or decoupling of taxonomic, morphological, and ecological diversity, yet these measures have never been jointly evaluated within a single clade over multiple mass extinctions. We investigate extinction selectivity and changes in taxonomic diversity, morphological disparity, and functional ecology over the ~160-million-year evolutionary history of diplobathrid crinoids (Echinodermata), which spans two mass extinctions. Whereas previous studies documented extinction selectivity for crinoids during background extinction, we find no evidence for selectivity during mass extinctions. Despite no evidence for extinction selectivity, disparity remains strongly correlated with richness over extinction events, contradicting expected patterns of disparity given nonselective extinction. Results indicate that (i) disparity and richness can remain coupled across extinctions even when selective extinction does not occur, (ii) simultaneous decreases in taxonomic diversity and disparity are insufficient evidence for extinction selectivity, and (iii) selectivity differs between background and mass extinction regimes.
Measuring Multidimensional Poverty

We detail the construction of the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) in general terms and we present information from the 2019 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index to provide context for our measurement of multidimensional poverty in the U.S. This information includes discussions and examples of deprivation measurement (i.e., the MPI, headcount ratios, and average deprivation intensity values) and specifics regarding the indicators and dimensions employed by the United Nations to construct the Global MPI. Focusing on the U.S., we propose a set of four dimensions (i.e., Economic Security, Education, Health, and Housing) that are, collectively, comprised of nine indicators to represent a variety of potential deprivations. Each dimension and indicator is discussed in turn. We conclude the chapter with a numerical example to demonstrate the calculation of the MPI and its related measures and to reinforce our proposed dimensions and indicators.
Considerations for the modeling of the laser ablation region of ICF targets with Lagrangian simulations

Recently, much effort has been dedicated to the improvement of models and modeling choices utilized in radiation hydrodynamic simulations of direct drive inertial confinement fusion experiments in an effort to improve their predictive capability. In this paper, we consider the choice in mesh for the simulation of the laser ablation of a direct-drive-like target and compare Lagrangian simulations with various mesh zoning choices with Eulerian simulations with fixed resolution in the laser energy deposition region. Using these simulations, we demonstrate how errors in ablation pressure, laser deposition rate, shock speed, and density profile arise from insufficient zoning following from the conservation of mass of Lagrangian zones. These considerations place stringent requirements on the initial t = 0 zoning in the solid density shell for simulations aiming at resolving the ablation and laser absorption region. However, with sufficiently fine zoning in the t = 0 shell, agreement with Eulerian simulations and analytic scaling laws can be recovered.
Precarious Work in Midlife: Long-Term Implications for the Health and Mortality of Women and Men.

Although prior research documents adverse health consequences of precarious work, we know less about how chronic exposure to precarious work in midlife shapes health trajectories among aging adults...
The Relationship of Religiosity and Sexuality in Non-heterosexual Mormon Women: A Mixed Methods Study

This paper examines religious experiences of lesbian and bisexual women who are current or former members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (identifying as LDS or Mormon). Data were obtained from LGBTQ individuals through a national and international online survey that queried personal/family relationships, romantic/sexual relationships and relationship with the religion. Individuals were placed in four orientation groups based on Kinsey behavior and attraction scores: Lesbian, Bisexual, High Attraction/Low Behavior, and High Behavior/Low Attraction. Some important differences among these groups emerged. Those self-positioned at the high (same-sex) end of the scale were most often disaffiliated from the Church. Bisexuality permitted a modest degree of non-disclosure, mixed-orientation marriage, and remaining in church activity. Conforming to the church’s standard of sexual behavior did not correlate with positive attitudes toward the Church. Instead, marginalization due to awareness that one’s sexual minority status was unaccepted in the religion was the overriding sentiment.
On the Contribution of Thermal Creep to the Skin Friction in Slip Flow

problem. The meaning of m can be made a little more clear by consider­ ation of shock detachment. If the shock is attached along the leading edge, there is a region of uniform flow near the leading edge, where w = 0 and bv — —u. It follows from the shock rela­ tions Eq. (7) that p/PooU2 = sin 2 a + (1/M2) + (m2/2) sin2 a { ((7 - l)/2) + (1/M2 sin2 a)} (l - Vl - (4/m2)) (9) For m 1. The form of F(m) has been determined from the available data, and it is seen that F(m) varies from — 1 at m = 0 to +2 at the point of shock at­ tachment. For larger m, F(m) remains constant and equal to 2, and the normal force agrees with the result of two-dimension al shock-expansion theory, taken in the limit as M -> co and 7 —»-1. The correlation of experimental data and the derivation of
Securities Trading and Settlement in Europe: Issues and Outlook

The institutional arrangements for trading and settling securities in Europe remain fragmented along national lines, making cross-border trading costly. Consolidation efforts are under way, however, and major market centers have now emerged in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Although the restructuring of trading and settlement systems should bring the European Community closer to its goal of a single capital market, changes in corporate governance and the competitive environment may raise significant regulatory issues.
State-selective detection of ultracold rubidium molecules in high vibrational levels of the X /sup 1//spl Sigma//sub g//sup +/ ground state

We report on state-selective detection of ultracold ground-state rubidium molecules in very high vibrational levels. Resonant two-photon ionization spectra obtained with a pulsed 600 nm laser are analyzed to identify the absolute vibrational quantum numbers.
Analysis of the promoter and transcription start sites of the human thrombospondin 2 gene (THBS2).

Abstract To identify features of the human thrombospondin 2 gene (THBS2) important for regulation of expression, the sequences of 5 kb of the promoter/5′ flank and 3 kb of transcribed and intronic DNA were determined. Two repetitive sequences were found: an MLT1c element located 2.2 kb 5′ of exon 1 and, further 5′, 1.8 kb of a Tigger1 element. Putative transcription factor binding sites that might be significant for THBS2 regulation included p53, NF-kB, Sp1, Myc-CF1, NF-Y, CF1, AP1, and GATA sites. Alignment of the promoter/5′ flank sequence with the mouse Thbs2 promoter revealed 78% identity for a 450 bp region immediately upstream from the mouse transcription start site. No significant homology was detected between the human thrombospondin 2 and thrombospondin 1 promoters. Comparison of the THBS2 genomic and cDNA sequences revealed that, in contrast to Thbs2, exon 1 is divided into exons 1A and 1B by a small (93 bp) intron. The transcription start site was investigated by a PCR procedure and by 5′ RACE, and yielded a size for exon 1A of at least 186 bp. Tissue-specific differences in transcription start sites were found, with transcript lengths in the order: fetal lung>adult lung>fetal brain. These results suggest that tissue-specific differences in expression of the THBS2 gene may be determined, in part, by selection of the transcription start site and resulting differences in the 5′ untranslated region.
Correlation of Photons in Cascade and the Coherence Time of the 6 3 P 1 State of Mercury

We have observed directly the time correlation between successively emitted photons in the $7^{3}S_{1}\ensuremath{-}6^{3}P_{1}\ensuremath{-}6^{1}S_{0}$ cascade of atomic mercury, and have deduced from it direct measurements of both the natural lifetime of the $6^{3}P_{1}$ state and the dependence of the mean correlation time (coherence time) on the density of the mercury vapor surrounding the primary radiation region. The density-dependent coherence time constitutes a direct observation of the imprisonment of resonance radiation and provides an experimental confirmation of the theory describing this phenomenon.
Left Ventricular Hemorrhagic Necrosis

ince the introduction of total cardiopulmonary bypass and the utilization of prosthetic heart valves, numerous reports have apS peared in the literature describing the clinical and hemodynamic results of their application in patients with valvular heart disease. It seems of paramount importance to review the inherent complications associated with this type of surgical intervention in hopes of determining their pathogenesis and prevention. This report is based on the review of the cardiac findings at necropsy in 31 patients who died in the early postoperative period following single or multiple valve replacement at the Presbyterian-&. Luke’s Hospital in Chicago. CLINICAL MATERIALS
Cohort Analysis as an Indication of Walleye Year-Class Strength in Escanaba Lake, Wisconsin, 1956–1974

Abstract Cohort analysis of catch-at-age data derived from the angler harvest of walleyes Stizostedion vitreum vitreum under a complete creel census in Escanaba Lake yielded estimates of the number of walleyes at various ages for the 1956–1974 year classes. These estimates of the number-at-age were highly correlated with mark-recapture estimates, indicating the validity of the cohort analysis technique. Where long-term catch-at-age data are available, the cohort analysis method to determine number-at-age of previous year classes may be used in lieu of costly mark-recapture experiments.
How to help your graduates secure better jobs? An industry perspective

Purpose – Many hospitality programs have developed their own career and placement services to assist students in job searching efforts. The purpose of this paper is to identify factors that are important for the success of career and placement services offered by hospitality programs, from the industry's perspectives.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected through an online survey from hospitality recruiters and human resources managers. Descriptive statistics were applied for the data analysis.Findings – Internship requirement was found to be the most important factor for the success of career services, followed by faculty industry experience and quality of student preparation for job/internship interviews. These were followed by reputation of the program and quality of educational curriculum and courses taught.Originality/value – The important implications drawn in this paper could assist hospitality schools to allocate limited resources to help create excellent career and placement services.
Energy Storage and the Evolution of Population Dynamics

We explore the mutual dependence of life history evolution and population dynamics by modeling a structured rotifer population that preys on a dynamic food supply. We focus on the ecological role of energy storage. A physiologically based submodel describes how individual predators allocate assimilated energy among growth, reproduction, and storage. We use invasibility analyses to predict evolutionary stable strategies for energy allocation. Various proxy measures of fitness based on measurable biological quantities, such as average population size or average per-capita fecundity, fail to predict evolutionary stable strategies. The predicted strategies indicate that selection strongly favors storage allocation for juveniles, but only for adults when prey densities are high. With the evolution of energy storage, population dynamics can shift from aperiodic to stable cycles without any need to invoke group selection.
Order statistics based CDF scheduling methods in multiuser heterogeneous systems

In modern heterogeneous wireless networks, the task of supporting fairness along with user priorities and concurrently achieving the highest possible system throughput is desirable and challenging. Herein, a class of practical cumulative distribution function (CDF) scheduling algorithms are developed to achieve these goals. These algorithms are used when the channel fading model is unknown. The mapping from channel quality information (CQI) to the real CDF is unknown but is constructed exploiting the order statistics of the CQI sequence. The constructed CDF mapping methods are shown to converge to the actual CDF. Specifically, one algorithm uses the expected value of the ordered CDF scheduling while others called Non-parametric CDF scheduling (NPCS) algorithms reconstructs the CDF with an extra interpolation step. By collecting a moderate number of CQI data, the algorithms almost achieve the system throughput of CDF scheduling as if the CDF is known. Throughout the work, CDF scheduling algorithms, supported by simulations, are shown to be able to effectively support fairness and frequently outperform, and are potential alternatives to, the well known Proportional Fair (PF) scheduling method.
Rural voters and the polarization of American presidential elections

In political science, urban politics is a well-established subfield. And more recently, suburban political behavior has received a fair amount of attention (Gainsborough 2001; 2005; McKee and Shaw 2003; Oliver 2001). But with a few exceptions (see Francia and Baumgartner 2005–2006; Gimpel and Karnes 2006), the political behavior of rural residents has been conspicuously absent thus far in a growing literature on the political role of place. This is quite surprising given the clamoring in the popular press about “red states” versus “blue states” in the most recent presidential contests. All of the post-presidential election maps that highlight red Republican counties and blue Democratic counties display a sea of red covering the vast swaths of rural, middle America. The ocean of Republican red is enough to make one ask: What's the Matter with Kansas? (Frank 2004)—one of those thinly populated plains states with hardly a glimmer of blue on a county-level map of the 2004 presidential election.
Substance-abuse prevention: Beyond the schoolyard

Abstract Substance-abuse prevention in children and youth has had limited success, possibly because the scope of traditional interventions, usually school based, is too narrow. Children who live in poverty and/or whose homes are dysfunctional need environmental changes beyond what traditional school-based programs can offer. Community psychologists need to expand their work in this area. School-based and community-based interventions are addressed. Ideas for broadening interventions to include elements such as family, media, and community collaboration are evaluated and discussed, along with successful examples of such interventions. Suggestions are made for further innovative work in this area.
Sexual Attitudes and Experiences With Sexual Coercion: Exploring the Influence of Race and Gender

This work explores the influence of gender and race on sexual attitudes and on experiences with sexual victimization. Using data on undergraduate college students, the effects of gender and race on five factor scales related to rapesupportive attitudes and sexual victimization are examined. Analysis of variance shows that the influence of gender on sexual attitudes and experiences is stronger than the influence of race. But there is evidence of an interaction between race and gender on the acceptance of interpersonal violence and the acceptance of rape myths. Whereas women regardless of race are significantly more likely than men to have experienced sexual coercion, they are much less likely than men to hold attitudes supportive of rape, interpersonal violence, sex role stereotyping, and adversarial relationships.
Direct observation of the self-association of dilute proteins in the presence of inert macromolecules at high concentration via tracer sedimentation equilibrium: theory, experiment, and biological significance.

The technique of tracer sedimentation equilibrium [Rivas, G., et al. (1994) Biochemistry , 2341−2348 (1); Rivas, G., et al. (1996) J. Mol. Recognit. 9, 31−38 (2)] is utilized, together with an exte...
HLA-A0201 positive pancreatic cell lines: new findings and discrepancies

Pancreatic cancer is being pursued as an immunotherapy target using antigen-specific vaccine approaches activating CD8+ CTL and CD4+ T-helper cells. CD8+ CTL exert their anti-tumor effects in an HLA-restricted manner and only tumor cells carrying a matched HLA class I sub-type are targets for antigen-specific CTL. In the process of characterizing CD8+ T cell responses against pancreatic cancer, we screened a number of human pancreatic tumor cell lines for HLA-A0201 positive (HLA-A2+) cell lines to be used in the evaluation of CTL function. This analysis revealed some new findings and discrepancies in the literature on the HLA sub-type of some commonly used pancreatic cell lines. We found that Capan-1 cells, originally reported to be HLA-A0201+, actually only express HLA-A010101 and HLA-A300101 and were targets for HLA-A0201-restricted CTL only after transduction with an HLA-A0201-expressing lentivirus. Panc-1 cells were found to be HLA-A0201 positive, in agreement with published reports, while CF-Pac-1 cells were found to express both HLA-A020101 and HLA-A030101. We also found a normal human pancreatic ductal epithelial cell line, HPDE, to be HLA-A0201 positive. Our findings were verified with two different sequence-based typing methods, antibody staining followed by flow cytometry analysis, and functional analysis using an HLA-A0201-restricted peptide-specific T cell response.
LOW CYCLE FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF TWO Al-Li ALLOYS

—The low cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior of two aluminum-lithium alloys was investigated. Efforts were aimed at understanding the effects of microstructure on the cyclic stress-strain behavior and methods by which different microstructures accommodate plastic strain. These goals were achieved by analyzing the cyclic response and the deformed microstructure of each alloy. Direct-chill cast and rolled X2095 exhibited immediate cyclic softening followed by a plateau region. Strain was distributed in a homogeneous manner throughout the microstructure. Mechanically alloyed and forged AA5091 (formerly referred to as 905XL) also deformed in a homogeneous manner, but the cyclic response was characterized by initial softening followed by gradual hardening. Over-strain loops were applied during some of the LCF tests, the purpose of which was to simulate the strain history of the material ahead of a growing fatigue crack during a tensile overload. The over-strain response suggested that the intrinsic material response does not contribute to crack retardation in X2095 or AA5091.
Prostaglandin E2 regulates melanocyte dendrite formation through activation of PKCζ

Prostaglandins are lipid signaling intermediates released by keratinocytes in response to ultraviolet irradiation (UVR) in the skin. The main prostaglandin released following UVR is PGE(2), a ligand for 4 related G-protein-coupled receptors (EP(1), EP(2), EP(3) and EP(4)). Our previous work established that PGE(2) stimulates melanocyte dendrite formation through activation of the EP(1) and EP(3) receptors. The purpose of the present report is to define the signaling intermediates involved in EP(1)- and EP(3)-dependent dendrite formation in human melanocytes. We recently showed that activation of the atypical PKCzeta isoform stimulates melanocyte dendricity in response to treatment with lysophosphatidylcholine. We therefore examined the potential contribution of PKCzeta activation on EP(1)- and EP(3)-dependent dendrite formation in melanocytes. Stimulation of the EP(1) and EP(3) receptors by selective agonists activated PKCzeta, and inhibition of PKCzeta activation abrogated EP(1)- and EP(3)-receptor-mediated melanocyte dendricity. Because of the importance of Rho-GTP binding proteins in the regulation of melanocyte dendricity, we also examined the effect of EP(1) and EP(3) receptor activation on Rac and Rho activity. Neither Rac nor Rho was activated upon treatment with EP(1,3)-receptor agonists. We show that melanocytes express only the EP(3A1) isoform, but not the EP(3B) receptor isoform, previously associated with Rho activation, consistent with a lack of Rho stimulation by EP(3) agonists. Our data suggest that PKCzeta activation plays a predominant role in regulation of PGE(2)-dependent melanocyte dendricity.