cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of a single injection of L-thyroxine on glycogen, and on glycolytic and other enzymes in propylthiouracil-fed cockerels.

Abstract Propylthiouracil-fed chicks were given single injections of 10 μg of l -thyroxine (T4)/100 g body weight and were killed at 4, 8, 12 hr or 1, 2, 6, 12, or 15 days after the T4 injection for the analysis of liver weight, liver glycogen, and several liver enzymes. Liver weight and liver glycogen, high in the PTU-fed chick, were lowered maximally at 24 hr. Glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) was low in PTU-fed chicks, and increased markedly by 8 hr after T4 injection and maximally by 24 hr. Phosphorylase activity fell to 75% of the PTU-fed control level at the same time that liver glycogen reached a minimum value. Malic enzyme activity increased significantly 24 hr after the T4 injection and remained high until after the sixth day. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity rose initially and then fell to 62% of the PTU-fed control value by 48 hr after the T4 injection and increased toward the preinjected value after the sixth day. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activity was down significantly by the second day after the T4 injection and remained low until after the sixth day. The injection of 5 daily doses of thyroxine into normal 6-week-old chicks at levels of 10, 100. or 1000 μg/bird/day resulted in increased activity of G-6-Pase and GOT, an increased activity in malic enzyme except at the highest dose, but no consistent change for phosphorylase or PEPCK.
Reply to “Comment on Aromatic‐Backbone Interactions in Model α‐Helical Peptides”

In response to Van Mourik's comments on our paper (J Comput Chem 2007, 28, 1208.) we present an extended version of our rotation method. We also prove that intramolecular interaction energies as well the basis set superposition errors calculated with our rotation method are comparable with those obtained by the counterpoise method of Boys and Bernardi (Mol Phys 1970, 19, 533). In intramolecular interaction energy calculations, if the interacting groups are in proximity, our rotation method is recommended to avoid artificial interactions, which can be induced by fragmentation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.J Comput Chem, 2008
THE DESIGN OF A POPULATION-BASED CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS (SCLERODERMA): COMMENTARY ON THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN STUDY

‘Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, 2Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, ‘Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, 4Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and %n-vey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A.
Quasi-Gaussian beam analytical basis and comparison with an alternative approach (L).

A superposition of propagating Bessel beams was recently numerically demonstrated to approximate a Gaussian beam and was used to evaluate the scattering by a sphere centered on the focal point of the beam. An analytical beam synthesis used in optics by Agrawal and Pattanayak [J. Opt. Soc. Am. 69, 575–578 (1979)] is found here to be recovered as the weak focusing limit of the quasi-Gaussian beam when evanescent contributions are omitted from the analytical synthesis. The propagating-wave part of the analytical synthesis has similarities to, and differences from, the recent quasi-Gaussian approximation.
A Kinematic Analysis and Evaluation of Planar Robots Designed From Optimally Fault-Tolerant Jacobians

It is common practice to design a robot's kinematics from the desired properties that are locally specified by a manipulator Jacobian. In this work, the desired property is fault tolerance, defined as the post-failure Jacobian possessing the largest possible minimum singular value over all possible locked-joint failures. A mathematical analysis based on the Gram matrix that describes the number of possible planar robot designs for optimally fault-tolerant Jacobians is presented. It is shown that rearranging the columns of the Jacobian or multiplying one or more of the columns of the Jacobian by ±1 will not affect local fault tolerance; however, this will typically result in a very different manipulator. Two examples, one that is optimal to a single joint failure and the second that is optimal to two joint failures, are analyzed. This analysis shows that there is a large variability in the global kinematic properties of these designs, despite being generated from the same Jacobian. It is especially surprising that major differences in global behavior occurs for manipulators that are identical in the working area.
Density of a dilute 3He - 4He solution under pressure

Abstract The relative volume increase α (as defined by Bardeen, Baym and Pines) of a 6% liquid solution of 3 He in 4 He has been measured at temperatures between 1.25°K and 2.2°K and as a function of pressure. The extrapolated value at 0°K is in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
On testing for clusters using the sample covariance

Abstract This paper analyzes the problem of using the sample covariance matrix to detect the presence of clustering in p-variate data in the special case when the component covariance matrices are known up to a constant multiplier. For the case of testing one population against a mixture of two populations, tests are derived and shown to be optimal in a certain sense. Some of their distribution properties are derived exactly. Some remarks on the extensions of these tests to mixtures of k ≤ p populations are included. The paper is essentially a formal treatment (in a special case) of some well-known procedures. The methods used in deriving the distribution properties are applicable to a variety of other situations involving mixtures.
L-Deprenyl stimulates the release of catecholamines in the rat medial basal hypothalamus in vivo.

Abstract In vivo release of catecholamines in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) by l -deprenyl, a monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitor, was measured in young male Sprague–Dawley rats with stereotaxically implanted push-pull cannulae in the MBH and perfused with 0 (control), 1.5, 2.5 or 10.0 μg deprenyl in 20 μl of saline. Perfusate samples were collected at 20-min intervals and analyzed for norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-EC. NE release in the MBH was enhanced following perfusion with 2.5 and 10.0 μg deprenyl while DA release was augmented after infusion of 10.0 μg of deprenyl. There were no significant alterations in the release of NE and DA in the control and 1.5 μg deprenyl groups. These results suggest that deprenyl-induced in vivo release of catecholamines in the MBH may be involved in the reversal of some of the reproductive aging processes.
Functional genomics in the post-genome era

As the biomedical research community enters the post-genome era, studying gene expression patterns and phenotypes in model organisms will be an important part of analyzing the role of genes in human health and disease. New technologies involving DNA chips will improve the ability to evaluate the differential expression of a large number of genes simultaneously. Also, new approaches for generating mutations in mice will significantly decrease the cost and increase the rate of generating mutant lines that model human disease.
Benzo[a]pyrene-dG adduct interference illuminates the interface of vaccinia topoisomerase with the DNA minor groove

Vaccinia DNA topoisomerase forms a covalent DNA-(3'-phosphotyrosyl)-enzyme intermediate at a pentapyrimidine target site 5'-C(+5)C(+4)C(+3)T(+2)T(+1)p downward arrow in duplex DNA. The enzyme engages the target site within a C-shaped protein clamp. Here we mapped the interface of topoisomerase with the DNA minor groove by introducing chiral C-10 R and S 7,8-diol 9,10-epoxide adducts of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) at single N(2)-deoxyguanosine (dG) positions within the nonscissile DNA strand. These trans opened BPdG adducts fit into the minor groove without perturbing helix conformation or base pairing, and the R and S diastereomers are oriented in opposite directions within the minor groove. We measured the effects of the BPdG adducts on the rate and extent of single-turnover DNA transesterification. We observed a sharp margin of interference effects, whereby +5 and -2 BPdG modifications were well tolerated but +4, +3, and -1 BPdG adducts were severely deleterious. Stereoselective effects at the -1 nucleoside (the R isomer interfered, whereas the S isomer did not) delineated at high resolution the downstream border of the minor groove interface. BPdG inhibition of transesterification is likely caused by steric exclusion of constituents of the topoisomerase from the minor groove. We also applied the BPdG interference method to probe the interactions of exonuclease III with the minor groove. DNAs containing these BPdG adducts were protected from digestion by exonuclease III, which was consistently arrested at positions 2-4 nucleotides prior to the BP-modified guanosine.
High amplification compliant microtransmissions for rectilinear electrothermal actuators

Abstract This paper reports on synthesized designs of beam-based compliant microstructures used to modify the force–displacement relationships of electrothermal actuators. The design process uses a two-stage approach: truss elements are used for the topology synthesis and beam elements are used for the dimensional optimization. In order to accommodate buckling constraints, it limits the stress and the length of the beam segments. Measurements of devices fabricated from 11.5 μm thick p ++ Si and 55 μm thick electroplated Ni as structural materials match theoretical predictions within 20%. Rectilinear non-resonant displacements up to 100 μm and displacement amplification factors >20× are obtained. The large displacement amplitude has a number of potential applications, including the switching or manipulation of optical fibers.
Why The New Deal Still Matters: Public Preferences, Elite Context, and American Mass Party Change, 1974–2006

Abstract This paper develops a model that relates changes in the macro‐political context to changes in the nature of individual‐level party identification, then uses this model to explain transformations in the size and issue bases of American mass party coalitions over the past 30 years. Elite party polarization over the past three decades has altered the relative importance that individuals attach to various factors when thinking about party identification, increasing the relevance of policy preferences – primarily on the scope‐of‐government dimension of conflict that has divided parties since at least the New Deal era – and decreasing the relevance of socialization and certain types of group identification. These effects, in turn, have led to changes in the size and scope of mass party coalitions, as citizens have become more likely to identify with the party that most closely represents their views on scope‐of‐government matters. Over the past 30 years, people with conservative scope‐of‐government pre...
Portable infusion pumps in ambulatory cancer chemotherapy

Fifty-seven adult patients receiving chemotherapy were treated with a total of 133 infusions using portable user-worn infusion pumps, the Autosyringe AS*2F, Cormed ML6-4, and two earlier versions of the latter, the Sigmamotor ML6-2 and ML6-3. Ninety-eight infusions were given on an ambulatory basis. Fourteen infusions were given through peripheral venous catheters, 115 through central venous catheters, and four intra-arterially. Of 127 evaluable infusions, 65 were completed within 5% and 87 within 10% of the planned rate; results are similar for both inpatient and outpatient infusions. The Cormed ML6-4 pump was equal to the Autosyringe AS*2F in reliability but superior to the latter in patient preference. There were no instances of dangerously rapid administration of the drug. The only serious catheter complications were a pneumothorax after insertion of a subclavian catheter in one patient and cellulitis in a leukopenic patient with a Broviac catheter. All but three patients preferred outpatient therapy to hospitalization. Outpatient therapy costs about $300 per day less than in-hospital treatment. Cancer 50:27-31, 1982.
Transabdominal esophagogastric devascularization as treatment for variceal hemorrhage

Background. During the past 18 years we have used a selective operative approach for variceal bleeders in whom endoscopic sclerotherapy failed or sclerotherapy was not indicated. Esophagogastric devascularization with splenectomy has been reserved for unshuntable patients and for those in whom a shunt was deemed inadvisable. The purposes of this study are to describe the surgical procedure technique and indications for esophagogastric devascularization and to report its long-term results. Methods. Thirty-two patients who underwent either a limited (n=9) or extensive (n=23) esophagogastric devascularization procedure without esophageal transection for variceal bleeding were retrospectively reviewed. Common indications were thrombosis of all splanchnic veins (n=12), distal splenorenal shunt thrombosis (n=7), generalized portal hypertension with isolated splenic vein thrombosis (n=5), and symptomatic splenomegaly or severe hypersplenism (n=6). Eighteen patients (56%) had cirrhosis, eleven (34%) received an emergency operation, and eighteen (56%) bled from gastric varices. Results. Three patients with Child's class C disease undergoing emergency surgery died during the early postoperative interval. Rebleeding occurred in nine surviving patients (31%) and was the cause of death in three. Rebleeding rates for the limited and extensive devascularization procedures were 50% and 24%, respectively. Only one of 11 patients with diffuse splanchnic venous thrombosis without liver disease has died. The 5-year survival rate of patients with liver disease was 51%. Only two patients experienced postoperative encephalopathy. Conclusions. When used in selected patients, esophagogastric devascularization without esophageal transection is a reasonably effective alternative to shunt surgery.
A framework for assessing residual energy in wireless sensor network

Wireless sensor nodes are expected to make economical, energy efficient decisions at all layers of the protocol stack with the limited amount of battery energy that they have. The aim of this work is to propose an algorithm that provides a framework to obtain the cluster-wise global energy status of sensors' residual energies. Two aggregates are explored for the energy status assessment within an Energy Message. The first aggregate has measurement of number of sensors with defined intervals of voltage ranges. The second aggregate considers that the cluster is divided into sectors and calculates the average of residual energies of each sector. It is seen that as the number of sensors increased, more energy-rich sensors were chosen (45.87% higher for a 9 × 9 sensors sized network) with the proposed Energy Message considerations than without for an implemented routing protocol or the 'individual' view.
Accuracy of clinically estimated fetal weight in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus and obesity.

Objective To determine the accuracy of clinically estimated fetal weight (CEFW) in patients with gestational diabetes (GDM), pregestational diabetes (DM), and obesity. Study Design This is a retrospective analysis of Consortium of Safe Labor data. Subjects were classified into six groups: DM, DM and obese, GDM, GDM and obese, nondiabetic obese, and controls. The mean difference between birth weight (BW) and CEFW, the percent of accurate CEFW (defined as 4,000 g and > 4,500 g were calculated for each group. Results The accuracy of CEFW in our population was 54.3 to 64.4% and was significantly lower in patients with DM and obesity and patients with obesity but not diabetes. WhenCEFW was analyzed inthe>4,000-gand > 4,500-g groups, itsaccuracy was 20 to 51% and 14 to 40%, respectively. CEFW overestimated BW more commonly in GDM, obese GDM, and obese groups. The sensitivity of CEFW for diagnosing BW > 4,000 g or > 4,500 g was 19.6% and 9.6%, respectively, and it improved in pregnancies complicated by diabetes. Conclusion CEFW is a poor predictor of macrosomia in pregnancies complicated by obesity and diabetes.
Bimetallic Zirconium Amine Bis(phenolate) Polymerization Catalysts: Enhanced Activity and Tacticity Control for Polyolefin Synthesis.

Binucleating multidentate amine bis(phenolate) ligands with rigid terphenyl backbones were designed to support two zirconium centers locked in close proximity. Polymerizations of propylene or 1-hexene with the synthesized bimetallic precatalysts resulted in polymers with significantly higher isotacticity (up to 79% mmmm) in comparison to the stereoirregular polymers produced with previously reported Cs-symmetric monometallic analogues. The bimetallic precatalysts also display higher activity (up to 124 kg of poly(1-hexene) (mmol of Zr)−1 h–1), in comparison to the monometallic analogues, and among the highest activities reported for nonmetallocene catalysts. The stereocontrol is consistent with a bimetallic mechanism involving remote steric interactions with the ligand sphere of the second metal center.
Historical legacies, modern conflicts: state consolidation and religious pluralism in Greece and Turkey

Through a comparative study of state consolidation processes and the acceptance of religious tolerance in Greece and Turkey, this piece shows that there is often a direct link between strategies of state building, the creation of state identities, and contemporary acceptance of pluralistic norms regarding religious tolerance. Tracing early examples through to the present, the paper demonstrates that state elites privileged religious categories over potential alternatives in the state consolidation process. I argue that, as a result, religious identity markers have assumed a privileged and almost ‘untouchable’ position in both the Greek and Turkish national narratives, making issues of religious tolerance and pluralism sensitive focal points in contemporary debates over Europeanizing reforms and religion-state relations in times of crisis.
A Molecular Dynamics Investigation of Lipid Bilayer Perturbation by PIP2

Phosphoinositides like phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) are negatively charged lipids that play a pivotal role in membrane trafficking, signal transduction, and protein anchoring. We have designed a force field for the PIP2 headgroup using quantum mechanical methods and characterized its properties inside a lipid bilayer using molecular dynamics simulations. Macroscopic properties such as area/headgroup, density profiles, and lipid order parameters calculated from these simulations agree well with the experimental values. However, microscopically, the PIP2 introduces a local perturbation of the lipid bilayer. The average PIP2 headgroup orientation of 45° relative to the bilayer normal induces a unique, distance-dependent organization of the lipids that surround PIP2. The headgroups of these lipids preferentially orient closer to the bilayer normal. This perturbation creates a PIP2 lipid microdomain with the neighboring lipids. We propose that the PIP2 lipid microdomain enables the PIP2 to function as a membrane-bound anchoring molecule.
St. Venant flexure of pretwisted rectangular plates

Abstract An exact polynomial solution is obtained for the problem of St. Venant flexure of a pretwisted rectangular plate treated as a shallow hyperbolic paraboloidal shell. The results are generalizations of known simple solutions in plate theory and in the theory of generalized plane stress. The effect of the pretwist is discussed and the dependence of the dominant stress state on a pretwist parameter is delineated.
BACTERIAL REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE AND MSDNA

Retrons are a new class of genetic elements found in the chromosome of a large number of different bacteria. These elements code for a reverse transcriptase (RT) that is structurally similar to the polymerases of retroviruses. The retron associated RT is responsible for the production of an unusual extrachromosomal satellite DNA, known as multicopy, single-stranded DNA (msDNA). Synthesis of msDNA is dependent on a novel self-priming mechanism, resulting in the formation of a 2′,5′-phosphodiester bond. A comparison of bacterial RTs is presented, noting conserved and unique features of these polymerases. In addition, the origin, means of dissemination, and possible activities of these functionally obscure retroelements are discussed.
Determination of liquid and solid phase composition in partially frozen middle distillate fuels

Abstract A liquid-solid separator apparatus was constructed and a method developed for the separation and characterization (g.c.-m.s.) of the crystals and liquid from partially frozen middle distillate fuels. The filtrate data were straightforward, but the precipitate presented problems in interpretation since the waxy crystals entrapped significant amounts of liquid. Since it was not possible to remove all of the entrapped liquid from the precipitate, an indirect method was derived to determine the composition of the liquid-free crystalline material. This required that the fraction of entrapped liquid in the precipitate be known, which could be determined from the g.c. data. Tracer materials in the original fuel were selected which did not crystallize out at the temperatures under study and therefore showed no appreciable concentration change with temperature. These tracer materials were used to estimate the fraction of entrapped liquid in the precipitate. Results obtained by this technique were tested and confirmed by h.p.l.c.
Mutants of the Zinc Ligands of Lacticin 481 Synthetase Retain Dehydration Activity but Have Impaired Cyclization Activity

Lantibiotics are ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide antibiotics. The modifications involve dehydration of Ser and Thr residues to generate dehydroalanines and dehydrobutyrines, followed by intramolecular attack of cysteines onto the newly formed dehydro amino acids to produce cyclic thioethers. LctM performs both processes during the biosynthesis of lacticin 481. Mutation of the zinc ligands Cys781 and Cys836 to alanine did not affect the dehydration activity of LctM. However, these mutations compromised cyclization activity when investigated with full length or truncated peptide substrates. Mutation of His725, another residue that is fully conserved in lantibiotic cyclases, to Asn resulted in a protein that still catalyzed dehydration of the substrate peptide and also retained cyclization activity, but at a decreased level compared to that of the wild type enzyme. Collectively, these results show that the C-terminal domain of LctM is responsible for cyclization, that the zinc ligands are critical for cyclization, and that dehydration takes place independently from the cyclization activity. Furthermore, these mutant proteins are excellent dehydratases and provide useful tools to investigate the dehydration activity as well as generate dehydrated peptides for study of the cyclization reaction by wild type LctM.
The preparation of small, particulate specimens by critical point drying: application for scanning electron microscopy

SUMMARY A procedure is described using round glass cover-slips as supports for preparing specimens by critical point drying for the scanning electron microscope. Also described is the construction of a plastic Teflon holder to facilitate handling of the cover-slips.
Determination of alkaline phosphatase aggregation by size exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography with low-angle laser light scattering detection

Abstract The formation of aggregates of alkaline phosphatase (AP) is examined in two different buffer systems: phosphate-buffered saline and modified protein buffer, using isocratic size-exclusion chromatography combined with low-angle laser-light scattering, ultraviolet spectroscopy, and a modified differential refractive index detector, all in series. The effects of buffer conditions, concentrations, and different batch preparations of alkaline phosphatase, as obtained from a manufacturer, were examined.
Living‐learning programs for women in STEM

This chapter provides an overview of the role and functions of living-learning programs on college campuses and summarizes empirical evidence on the effectiveness of living-learning programs in attracting and retaining women in STEM majors.
Suicide attempts and suicide among Marines: a decade of follow-up

Suicidal behavior among military personnel is of paramount public health importance because of the increased risk of death from suicide in this population. Pre- and post-Marine recruit training risk factors for suicide attempts among current and former Marines were examined in 10 years following recruit training. The characteristics of the subsample of current and former Marines who died by suicide during this time are also described. Stressful and traumatic life events (e.g., childhood physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, sexual harassment during recruit training) and pre-recruit training suicide attempts emerged as having strong associations with post-recruit training attempts. Half of those who died by suicide in the 10 years following recruit training endorsed at least one significant life stressor prior to joining the Marines. This study highlights the importance of screening for stressful and potentially traumatic experiences occurring both before and during military service as part of a comprehensive suicide risk assessment in military samples.
Current and novel methods for assessing efficacy of hair growth promoters in pattern hair loss

E ffective hair-growth promoters may act through different mechanisms in pattern hair loss by targeting presumptive hormonal pathways, inactivating receptors, or promoting cell growth. Positive results represent changes in the clinical phenotype of the hair (thicker hairs) or elements of the growth cycle (more hairs actively growing for longer periods of time). How one can show statistically significant differences between a placebo and active agent by objective means in the shortest time frame is the edict of clinical trials in general, but especially in disorders of hair loss where changes are generally measured in months, not days, as compared with other dermatology disorders such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, or infectious processes. However, this must be balanced by the need for long-term data both to determine when efficacy peaks and the duration of response on and off drug. The studies of topical minoxidil in male pattern baldness in the early 1980s were the first large-scale, placebo-controlled studies carried out in male pattern baldness; efficacy end points utilized then, in retrospect, leave much room for improvement.1,2 However, those studies were truly building blocks on which all methodologic advances since then have been based. Current studies of pattern hair loss have built on these improvements in methodology but are also somewhat hamstrung, especially pertaining to female pattern hair loss, with these older pioneer techniques. The purpose of this article is to discuss current and potential future end points in the assessment of hair growth promoters in pattern hair loss and to introduce 2 new methodologic tools that may help both to qualify and to quantify pattern hair loss.
Investigation of the role of Ti oxide layer in the size-dependent superelasticity of NiTi pillars: Modeling and simulation

Abstract Recent compression tests of NiTi pillars of a wide range of diameters have shown significant size dependency in the strain recovered upon unloading. In this paper, we propose a numerical model supporting the previously proposed explanation that the external Ti oxide layer may be responsible for the loss of superelasticity in the small pillars. The shape memory alloy at the center of the pillar is described using a nonlocal superelastic model, whereas the Ti oxide layer is modeled as elastoplastic. Voigt average analysis and finite element calculations are compared to experiments for the available range of pillar sizes. The simulation results also suggest a size-dependent strain hardening due to the constraint on the phase transformation effected by the confining Ti oxide layer.
Psychogenic impotence in spinal cord injury patients

Abstract Objective: To compare subjective assessments of erectile function with results obtained from nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity (NPTR) monitoring in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) Design: A prospective study. Setting: Erectile function questionnaires were completed by cach patient. NPTR monitoring was performed at the patient's home with The Rigisca system. Patients: Thirty SCI patients (8 cervical, 16 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 1 sacral) were between 22 and 75 (mean 48) years old. Twenty patients (67%) had complete SCI and 10 patients (33%) had incomplete SCI with mean duration since injury of 14 years. Main Outcome Measures: The results from 2 consecutive nights of NPTR monitoring were compared with each patient's own response to our erectile function questionnaire. Results: Twenty-three patients (77%) reported normal erectile function: 16 had normal NPTR studies and the remaining 7 had abnormal NPTR studies. Seven patients (23%) reported poor-to-absent erectile function: 3 had normal NPTR studies and 4 hd abnormal NPTR studies. All 10 patients (100%) with incomplete SCI had NPTR studies that corroborated their own assessment of erectile function, compared to 11 to 20 patients (55%) with complete SCI. NPTR studies in the remaining 9 patients (45%) with complete SCI were inconsistent with their own assessment of erectile function. Conclusions: A direct correlation ( p
Organizational Orientation in Public and Private Elementary Schools

Abstract In this study, we investigated the relationship between organizational value orientation and two variables, organizational commitment and job satisfaction, among teachers from private and public elementary schools. We also assessed the central contribution of personal and organizational attributes (i.e., gender, length of professional experience, and type of school) in explaining employee organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Using survey research methods, we collected data from 135 teachers from public schools and 562 teachers from Catholic private schools. We analyzed the data by multivariate analysis of variance and multiple regression. In our study, we found differences between private (religious) and public schools. Specifically, results of this study suggested that (a) private schools exhibit a more normative orientation, whereas public schools exhibit a more utilitarian orientation; and (b) schools with a more normative value orientation had significantly higher teacher organizat...
Thermodynamics of high-pressure ice polymorphs: ice II

Abstract Thermodynamic properties of high-pressure solid phase ice II are studied theoretically. The P–V–T equation of state of ice II is derived and its thermodynamic functions are calculated based on the available experimental data. New results are presented concerning the equilibrium solid–solid phase transitions between ice II and ice Ih, ice II and III, and ice II and V.
Vitamin D -- induced changes in the renal membrane ATPase system.

Ca-dependent and Mg-dependent ATPase activity was found to be depressed significantly in renal membrane preparations from vitamin D-deficient as compared to normal rats. Administratiin of 2000 i.u. vitamin D2 to deficient rats 30 hours before sacrifice restored the membrane enzyme activity to normal. ATP binding by enzymes was also reduced in vitamin D deficiency and raised by repletion. Vitamin D may therefore be required for normal Ca-and Mg-dependent ATPase activity.
Is the Web the culprit? Cognitive escape and Internet sexual risk among gay and bisexual men.

Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) who find partners on the Internet tend to be sexually risky. A “cognitive escape” perspective maintains that feeling overwhelmed by rigorous sexual norms may lead one to cognitively disengage from these demands as a coping strategy. We thus proposed that the Internet might facilitate less restrained behavior among men whose psychological characteristics make them vulnerable to “escape”-based risk. We tested this in a socio-economically and ethnically diverse cross sectional survey sample of MSM, n=817. Men who sought sex on-line reported more unprotected sex and sexually transmitted infections, controlling for demographics and overall number of sex partners. Consistent with an escape perspective, partner choice and sexual context, alcohol and drug use, and “burnout” or fatigue over sexual safety mediated the relationship between Internet use and sexual risk. The Internet is not an isolated source of risk; interventions must address the psychosocial aspects of this venue.
Synthesis and Preliminary Screening of N-Ethyltryptamine Derivatives Related to Reserpine and Lysergic Acid

Fourteen derivatives of N-ethyltryptamine, structurally related to reserpine and lysergic acid, were synthesized. These compounds plus two intermediates were screened for gross pharmacologic activity in unanesthetized rats. Reserpinelike activity was absent, while LSD-like activity was found in those compounds most closely related to lysergic acid.
Mother and father schemata of achievers and underachievers in primary school arithmetic.

The Mother and Father schemata of primary grade achievers and underachievers were compared using a modification of the Kuethe Felt Figure Technique. Ss' reactions to “Mother,” and to “Father” involve schemata which are a function of both Ss' sex and their achievement pattern. Achieving male Ss place “self” closer to the Mother figure than do underachieving male Ss and achieving male Ss also place “self” closer to the Mother figure than to the Father figure. However, achieving female Ss place “self” at a greater distance from both the Father and Mother figures than do achieving male Ss and underachieving female Ss place “self” closer to the Father figure than do achieving female Ss. It appears that underachieving male Ss place “self” relative to “Mother” and “Father” in a manner similar to that of the emotionally disturbed boys studied by Weinstein.
Proof of the Triviality of ϕ d 4 Field Theory and Some Mean-Field Features of Ising Models for d > 4

It is rigorously proved that the continuum limits of Euclidean ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{d}^{4}$ lattice fields are free fields in $dg4$. An exact geometric characterization of criticality in Ising models is introduced, and used to prove other mean-field features for $dg4$ and hyperscaling in $d=2$.
Electronic Structure and Band Gaps in Cationic Heterocyclic Oligomers. Multidimensional Analysis of the Interplay of Heteroatoms, Substituents, Molecular Length, and Charge on Redox and Transparency Characteristics

Oxidative doping of extended π-conjugated polymers and oligomers produces dramatic changes in optical and electrical properties, arising from polaron and soliton-derived midgap states. Despite the great importance of such changes for materials properties, far less is known about the cationic polaron states than about the neutral, semiconducting or insulating, undoped materials. The systematic, multifactor computational analysis of oligoheterocycles such as oligothiophenes, oligofurans, and oligopyrroles presented here affords qualitative and quantitative understanding of the interplay among skeletal substitution pattern, electronic structure, and the effective band gap reduction on p-doping. A simple linear relation is derived for predicting p-doped oligomer and polymer effective band gaps based on those of the neutral oligomers; this relationship confirms the effectiveness of a “fixed band” approximation and explains the counterintuitive increase of the effective band gap on p-doping of many small band g...
Glucocorticoid Receptor α Isoform-Selective Regulation of Antiapoptotic Genes in Osteosarcoma Cells: A New Mechanism for Glucocorticoid Resistance

Glucocorticoids regulate a variety of physiological processes and are commonly used to treat disorders of inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Glucocorticoid action is predominantly mediated through the classic glucocorticoid receptor (GR)α isoform. Recent data suggest that the mature GRα mRNA is translated into multiple N-terminal isoforms that have distinct biochemical properties and gene regulatory profiles. Interestingly, osteosarcoma cells stably expressing the GRα-D translational isoform are unique in that they are resistant to glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. In this study, we investigate whether GRα isoform-specific differences in the regulation of antiapoptotic genes contribute to this resistant phenotype. We now show that GRα-D, unlike the other receptor isoforms, does not inhibit the activity of a nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-responsive reporter gene and does not efficiently repress either the transcription or protein production of the antiapoptotic genes Bcl-xL, cellular inhibitor of a...
Insecticides for control of the cattle tick and the southern cattle tick on cattle.

Twenty-seven insecticides applied to artificially infested cattle as sprays and 3 applied as sprays and dips were evaluated for control of the cattle tick, Boophilus annulatus (Say), and the southern cattle tick, B. microplus (Canestrini). Effectiveness was determined by inhibition of production of viable eggs by female ticks that were adults or nymphs at the time of treatment. A 0.06% coumaphos suspension was used as a standard of comparison for the sprays; the following materials were equal to or more effective than the standard: 0.25% Bay 37341 ( O, O -diethyl O -[4-(methylthio)-3,5-xylyl] phosphorothioate), 0.25% Bay 39007 ( O -isopropoxyphenyl methylcarbamate), 0.25% bromophos-ethyl, 0.3% Ciodrin® ( alpha methylbenzyl 3-hydroxycrotonate dimethyl phosphate), 0.15% dioxathion, 0.1% Dowco® 175 (2,4-dichlorophenyl propyl methylphosphoramidate), 0.1% Dursban® ( O, O -diethyl O -3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate), 0.1% fenthion, 0.125% Imidan® ( O, O -dimethyl S -phthalimidomethyl phosphorodithioate), 0.45% Shell SD-8447 (2-chloro-1-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) vinyl dimethyl phosphate), and 0.1% Shell SD-8448 (2-chloro-1-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)-vinyl diethyl phosphate). Freshly charged vats containing 0.25% carbaryl or Shell SD-8447 controlled ticks satisfactorily; the same insecticides were less satisfactory after 6 weeks of aging and moderate use. Outstanding control was obtained throughout 42 weeks with Dursban in a vat which contained 0.11% active ingredient initially and 0.03% finally.
Nutritional Alterations and the Effect of Fish Oil Supplementation in Dogs with Heart Failure

Alterations in body composition and nutritional status are common in humans with heart failure and are related, in part, to increases in cytokine concentrations. Cytokines have not been studied previously in dogs with naturally occurring cardiac disease nor has fish oil administration been used in this population to decrease cytokine production. The purposes of this study were to characterize nutritional and cytokine alterations in dogs with heart failure and to test the ability of fish oil to reduce cytokines and improve clinical outcome. Body composition, insulinlike growth factor-1, fatty acids, and cytokines were measured in 28 dogs with heart failure and in 5 healthy controls. Dogs with heart failure then were randomized to receive either fish oil or placebo for 8 weeks. All parameters were measured again at the end of the study period. At baseline, 54% of dogs with heart failure were cachectic and the severity of cachexia correlated with circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations (P = .05). Cytokine concentrations at baseline, however, were not significantly increased in dogs with heart failure compared to controls. Baseline plasma arachidonic acid (P = .02), eicosapentaenoic acid (P = .03), and docosahexaenoic acid (P = .004) concentrations were lower in dogs with heart failure than in controls. Fish oil supplementation decreased interleukin-1 beta (IL-1) concentrations (P = .02) and improved cachexia (P = .01) compared to the placebo group. The mean caloric intake of the heart failure dogs as a group was below the maintenance energy requirement (P < .001), but no difference was found in food intake between the fish oil and placebo groups. Insulinlike growth factor-1 concentrations (P = .01) and reductions in circulating IL-1 concentrations over the study period (P = .02) correlated with survival. These data demonstrate that canine heart failure is associated with cachexia, alterations in fatty acids, and reduced caloric intake. Fish oil supplementation decreased IL-1 concentrations and improved cachexia. In addition, reductions in IL-1 predicted survival, suggesting that anticytokine strategies may benefit patients with heart failure.
(1S,2R)-D-erythro-2-(N-Myristoylamino)-1-phenyl-1-propanol as an Inhibitor of Ceramidase

In this study, we have examined the cellular and biochemical activities of the ceramide analog (1S,2R)-D-erythro-2-(N-myristoylamino)-1-phenyl-1-propanol (D-erythro-MAPP). Addition of 5 microM D-e-MAPP to HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent growth suppression accompanied by an arrest in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle; thus mimicking the action of exogenous ceramides. Its enantiomer L-e-MAPP was without effect. Two lines of evidence suggested that D-e-MAPP may not function as a direct analog of ceramide. First, D-e-MAPP possesses a stereochemical configuration opposite to that of D-erythro-ceramide. Second, D-e-MAPP failed to activate ceramide-activated protein phosphatase in vitro. Therefore, we examined if D-e-MAPP functioned indirectly by modulating endogenous ceramide levels. The addition of D-e-MAPP to cells, but not L-e-MAPP, caused a time- and concentration-dependent elevation in endogenous ceramide levels reaching greater than 3-fold over baseline following 24 h of treatment. Both D-e-MAPP and L-e-MAPP underwent similar uptake by HL-60 cells. D-e-MAPP was poorly metabolized, and remained intact in cells, whereas L-e-MAPP underwent a time- and concentration-dependent metabolism; primarily through N-deacylation. In vitro, L-e-MAPP was metabolized by alkaline ceremidase to an extent similar to that seen with C16-ceramide. D-e-MAPP was not metabolized. Instead, D-e-MAPP inhibited alkaline ceramidase activity in vitro with an IC50 of 1-5 microM. D-e-MAPP did not modulate the activity of other ceramide metabolizing enzymes in vitro or in cells, and it was a poor inhibitor of acid ceramidase (IC50>500 microM). Finally, D-e-MAPP inhibited the metabolism of L-e-MAPP in cells. These studies demonstrate that D-e-MAPP functions as an inhibitor of alkaline ceramidase in vitro and in cells resulting in elevation in endogenous levels of ceramide with the consequent biologic effects of growth suppression and cell cycle arrest. These studies point to an important role for ceramidases in the regulation of endogenous levels of ceramide.
Myocardial salvage after regional beta-adrenergic blockade.

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine whether regional beta-adrenergic blockade via the coronary sinus limited myocardial damage after coronary artery occlusion in the canine model. Accordingly, open-chest anesthetized dogs were randomly allocated to one of three groups: a control group and groups treated with propranolol (in doses of 0.02, 0.2, and 2.0 mg/kg) given either intravenously or via the coronary sinus. The hypoperfused zone (i.e., risk area) and the extent of myocardial damage were assessed by autoradiography and triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, respectively. Myocardial damage expressed as a percent of the hypoperfused zone was 84 ± 5% in the control group (n = 9) and 78 ± 7% (0.02 mg/kg, n = 7, NS), 63 ± 6% (0.2 mg/kg, n = 7, p
Inversion appendectomy acting as a lead point for intussusception.

A case of ileocecal intussusception following inversion appendectomy during a Ladd’s procedure for malrotation is presented. In this case, the inverted ischemic appendiceal remnant was presumed to have acted as the leadpoint for the intussusception. The advantages and complications of inversion appendectomy, along with technical considerations are discussed.
Ion Heating and Confinement in a Toroidal Plasma Device with a Cusped Magnetic Field

A novel toroidal plasma device has been tested in which the plasma is confined in a surfacelike multipole cusp field generated by permanent magnets. A toroidal current, driven by an induced electric field, is preferentially carried by the ions which are directly Ohmically heated (${T}_{i}g{T}_{e}$). Plasma $\ensuremath{\beta}'\mathrm{s}$ of 20%-30% have been observed. Computer simulations verify a simple model of device operation.
Calculation of Supersonic Combustion Using Implicit Schemes

One of the technology goals of NASA for advanced space transportation is to develop highly efficient propulsion systems to reduce the cost of payload for space missions. Developments of rockets for the second generation Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) in the past several years have been focused on low-cost versions of conventional engines. However, recent changes in the Integrated Space Transportation Program to build a crew transportation vehicle to extend the life of the Space Shuttle fleet might suggest that air-breathing rockets could reemerge as a possible propulsion system for the third generation RLV to replace the Space Shuttle after 2015. The weight of the oxygen tank exceeds thirty percent of the total weight of the Space Shuttle at launch while the payload is only one percent of the total weight. The air-breathing rocket propulsion systems, which consume oxygen in the air, offer clear advantages by making vehicles lighter and more efficient. Experience in the National Aerospace Plane Program in the late 1980s indicates that scramjet engines can achieve high specific impulse for low hypersonic vehicle speeds. Whether taking a form of Rocket Based Combined Cycle (RBCC) or Turbine Based Combined Cycle (TBCC), the scramjet is an essential mode of operation for air-breathing rockets. It is well known that fuel-air mixing and rapid combustion are of crucial importance for the success of scramjet engines since the spreading rate of the supersonic mixing layer decreases as the Mach number increases. A factored form of the Gauss-Seidel relaxation method has been widely used in hypersonic flow research since its first application to non-equilibrium flows. However, difficulties in stability and convergence have been encountered when there is strong interaction between fluid motion and chemical reaction, such as multiple fuel injection problems. The present paper reports the results from investigation of the effect of modifications to the original algorithm on the performance for multiple injectors.
Computational fluid dynamics modeling of the flow in a laboratory membrane filtration cell operated at low recoveries

Abstract Scaled-down models of industrial filtration units are often used in laboratory studies of membrane processes. Knowledge of the flow field and shear stresses at the membrane surface is vital for the accurate interpretation of bench scale experiments. In this paper, we present results of computational fluid dynamics modeling of the flow within the SEPA CF flat sheet membrane filtration cell operated at low recoveries. The problem was formulated as the steady-state isothermal laminar flow of incompressible Newtonian fluid. Pressure, velocity, and shear stress distributions were computed with 1 mm resolution for different average inlet velocities. Flow was found to be unidirectional over most of the channel area with exception of the corners of the channel. Stagnation areas in dead ends of inlet and outlet tubes and in the channel areas behind duct entries as well as local regions of high shear in duct-channel transition areas were observed. The relation between the highest shear rate created in this geometry and the average inlet velocity is given.