cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Theory of Rotating Stall of Multistage Axial Compressors: Part II—Finite Disturbances

An analysis is made of rotating stall in compressors of many stages, finding conditions under which a flow distortion can occur which is steady in a traveling reference frame, even though upstream total and downstream static pressure are constant. In the compressor, a pressure-rise hysteresis is assumed. Flow in entrance and exit ducts yield additional lags. These lags balance to give a formula for stall propagation speed. For small disturbances, it is required that the compressor characteristics be flat in the neighborhood of average flow coefficient. Results are compared with the experiments of Day and Cumpsty. If a compressor lag of about twice that due only to fluid inertia is used, predicted propagation speeds agree almost exactly with experimental values, taking into account changes of number of stages, stagger angle, row spacing, and number of stall zones. The agreement obtained gives encouragement for the extension of the theory to account for large amplitudes.
Synthetic studies on thyrsiferol

Abstract A mercuricyclization-oxidative demercuration strategy for construction of the central ring system of thyrsiferol and venustatriol is described.
Family influences, school behaviors, and risk for the later development of an eating disorder

Interviews were conducted with parents of 136 female and 45 male adolescents categorized into risk groups for the later development of an eating disorder. The family and school concomitants of risk status in females were demonstrated to be different from that in males. Risk group female adolescents rated family cohesion, parent-adolescent communication processes, and overall family satisfaction more negatively than the comparison group. Mothers of moderate risk group females reported lower family cohesion than the comparison group; there were no group differences for adolescent females in fathers' ratings of family measures. However, no group differences were found on any of the family measures between male risk and comparison males. For both females and males, there were no significant group differences in family history of eating and mood disorders, or alcohol dependence. Teacher ratings indicated relatively greater internalizing tendencies in the high-risk female group.
Chemistry of Nuclear Recoil 18F Atoms. IV. Hot F‐to‐HF and F‐to‐F2 Abstraction in CH3CF3

New hot abstraction reaction channels have been demonstrated for nuclear recoil 18F atoms reacting with fluorocarbon substrates. Hot F‐to‐HF abstraction in CH3CF3 is a very efficient process with an absolute hot yield of 51%±3%. Hot F‐to‐F2 reactions also occur, but with much lower efficiencies. The F‐to‐F2 absolute hot yields in CH3CF3, C2F6, and C3F6 are 5.4%±0.3%, 6.9%±0.8%, and 11.7%±0.5%, respectively. In good agreement with theoretical expectations, translational excitation appears to be much more effective as a driving force for the exoergic F‐to‐HF process in comparison with the endoergic F‐to‐F2 process. The Arrhenius activation energy for thermal F‐to‐HF abstraction in CH3CF3 is at least 2.1±0.1 kcal/mole larger than the value associated with the thermal 18F‐atom pi‐addition process in C3F6.
Functional materials integrated on III-V semiconductors

Display Omitted Single crystal ferroelectric oxides deposited GaAs.Molecular beam epitaxy of crystalline SrTiO3 and BaTiO3 on GaAs.Crystalline PZT was deposited on STO/Si and STO/GaAs using solution spin coating.DFT calculations were used to determine properties of oxide/semiconductor interfaces. The integration of ferroelectric oxides on semiconductors has been achieved through the use of molecular beam epitaxy and solution spin coating. The oxide layers were determined to be single phase and crystalline and were oriented with the (100) along the growth direction. Epitaxial SrTiO3 and BaTiO3 buffer layers were grown on GaAs and Si using a unique MBE process for nucleation that suppressed the formation of interfacial oxide. The deposition of ferroelectric Pb(Zr)TiO3, on STO buffered Si and GaAs was carried out using solution spin coating. The nucleation of the oxide growth by solution spin coating was promoted by the crystallinity of the surface structure of the SrTiO3 buffer layer. Ab initio Density Functional Theory calculations were used to determine the interfacial structure and band alignments for the STO/GaAs and BTO/GaAs interfaces. Initial electrical characterization of the PZT grown on GaAs was determined by measuring the polarization versus electric field which suggests evidence of ferroelectricity.
The Dielectric Constant of Air at Radio Frequencies

A radio frequency method has been used to measure the dielectric constant $K$ of dry air free from C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, the value obtained being 1.0005893 for standard conditions of temperature and pressure. The probable error in $K\ensuremath{-}1$ due to accidental variations is 0.34 percent. The method is a modification of the usual heterodyne beat arrangment. Capacity changes produced when the pressure in the test condenser is changed are compensated by a suitable condenser in parallel. The beat note frequency is compared with that of a fork by means of Lissajous' figures. The test condenser is made of invar to avoid temperature effects. Short connecting wires are used to minimize lead-inductance effects. A few preliminary measurements made with a large direct current voltage superimposed on the high frequency voltage across the condenser indicate no change in the dielectric constant of air, hydrogen, or ammonia. There is some indication that a discharge through the gas decreases its dielectric constant but the effect is probably spurious.
Essential involvement of the NMDA receptor in ethanol preconditioning‐dependent neuroprotection from amyloid‐βin vitro

In several epidemiological studies, moderate ethanol consumption has been associated with reduced risks of cognitive decline or Alzheimer’s dementia. Of potential relevance is that brain cultures preconditioned with moderate ethanol concentrations are resistant to neurotoxic Alzheimer’s amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. Using rat cerebellar mixed cultures we investigated whether certain membrane receptors were early ‘sensors’ in moderate ethanol preconditioning (MEP). In a 6-day MEP protocol (30 mM ethanol), neuroprotection from Aβ25–35 was undiminished by antagonism during the first 3 days of either adenosine A1 or Gαi/o protein-coupled receptors. However, similar cotreatment with memantine or DL-2-amino-5-phosphono-pentanoic acid (AP-5), antagonists of NMDA receptors (NMDAR), abolished neuroprotection, indicating key early involvement of this ionotropic glutamate receptor. Also in these cultures, directly activating NMDAR using subexcitotoxic NMDA preconditioning prevented Aβ neurotoxicity. By day 2 of MEP, we observed increased levels of NMDAR subunits NR1, NR2B, and NR2C that persisted through day 6. Interestingly, memantine co-exposure blocked elevations in the obligatory NR1 subunit. Furthermore, 2 days of MEP significantly increased two indicators of synaptic NMDAR localization, NR2B phospho-Tyr1472, and post-synaptic density 95 scaffolding protein. The results indicate that ethanol preconditioning-dependent neuroprotection is associated with early increases in NR subunits concomitant with enhancement of synaptic localization and activity of NMDAR.
Diagnostic analysis of inventory systems : a statistical approach

Abstract In this paper we introduce a statistical approach to estimate the performance of inventory systems. We briefly survey the existing methods, present a stratified sampling methodology, and describe a new technique to estimate seasonal factors and safety stocks. The paper concludes with an example based on real life data.
Newer agents for the treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Neuropathic pain is responsible for a significant amount of the morbidity associated with generalized and focal peripheral neuropathies in diabetes. It is a consequence of alterations in neuronal function, chemistry, and structure that occur secondary to nerve injury. A variety of agents from diverse pharmacologic classes, the so-called adjuvant analgesics, have been used to treat neuropathic pain. These include antidepressants, first- and second-generation anticonvulsants, antiarrhythmic agents, topical agents, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists, and the opioid analgesics. The availability of several newer agents, used alone or in combination, has resulted in the successful alleviation of neuropathic pain in many patients. Recent advances in the understanding of pain mechanisms at multiple central nervous system levels should pave the way toward more effective treatment modalities with less prominent side effects.
Constacyclic Codes of Length p^s Over Fpm + uFpm

Abstract For any prime p, all constacyclic codes of length p s over the ring R = F p m + u F p m are considered. The units of the ring R are of the forms γ and α + u β , where α , β , and γ are nonzero elements of F p m , which provides p m ( p m − 1 ) such constacyclic codes. First, the structure and Hamming distances of all constacyclic codes of length p s over the finite field F p m are obtained; they are used as a tool to establish the structure and Hamming distances of all ( α + u β ) -constacyclic codes of length p s over R . We then classify all cyclic codes of length p s over R and obtain the number of codewords in each of those cyclic codes. Finally, a one-to-one correspondence between cyclic and γ-constacyclic codes of length p s over R is constructed via ring isomorphism, which carries over the results regarding cyclic codes corresponding to γ-constacyclic codes of length p s over R .
Deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD negatively regulates the ubiquitin-dependent kinase Tak1 and prevents abnormal T cell responses

The deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD has recently been implicated in the regulation of signal transduction, but its physiological function and mechanism of action are still elusive. In this study, we show that CYLD plays a pivotal role in regulating T cell activation and homeostasis. T cells derived from Cyld knockout mice display a hyperresponsive phenotype and mediate the spontaneous development of intestinal inflammation. Interestingly, CYLD targets a ubiquitin-dependent kinase, transforming growth factor–β-activated kinase 1 (Tak1), and inhibits its ubiquitination and autoactivation. Cyld-deficient T cells exhibit constitutively active Tak1 and its downstream kinases c-Jun N-terminal kinase and IκB kinase β. These results emphasize a critical role for CYLD in preventing spontaneous activation of the Tak1 axis of T cell signaling and, thereby, maintaining normal T cell function.
What Love Has To Do With It: The Cultural Construction of Emotion and Sorority Women's Responses to Forcible Interaction

This paper examines 268 sorority women's interpretations of and emotional responses to a range of hypothetical and real attempts at forcible interaction (ranging from “pestering” to “stalking”) in dating and long-term relationships they seek to terminate. 1 analyze quantitative and qualitative survey data from an interactionist perspective, focusing on the influence of romantic cultural imagery and the effect of relational circumstance in hypothetical situations and in these women's experiences. While forcible interaction is a distressing phenomenon that annoys and frightens young women in the context of dating relationships, when suitors and pursuers choose from romantic repertoires, they significantly complicate interpretations of these coercive and intrusive attempts. Pursuers who are former intimates accentuate this effect; not only do women perceive romantic attempts as more flattering and romantic, but they are much less likely to consider them annoying or frightening. Vocabularies of emotion and role may make the use of romantic repertoires effective strategies for maintaining unwanted interaction and redefining relationships from which young women are attempting to disengage. Culture and structure thus interpenetrate and shape these individual women's actions, and I discuss implications for resistant interaction.
Tubeless tracheotomy for survival airway surgery in the leporine model

Objectives/Hypothesis The ideal animal experimental tracheostomy technique is one that is 1) safe and easy to perform, 2) requires no tracheostomy tube, and 3) requires minimal cleaning or suctioning to maintain patency. The leporine model for airway injury has been well established and offers an inexpensive and practical animal model for experimental evaluation. However, previous research has demonstrated a high mortality rate with survival airway surgery in rabbits. This study demonstrates the feasibility of airway management in the leporine model using a simple maturing suture tracheostomy that avoids a tracheostomy tube. Study Design Tracheostomy was performed in six New Zealand white rabbits in the setting of survival surgery over a 2-week study period. Methods A vertical tracheal incision was made from the second to the sixth tracheal ring. The anterior portion of the tracheal rings was removed and the skin surrounding the stoma was sutured down to the tracheal wall. The lateral tracheal wall was then suspended to the soft tissue in the lateral neck. Results All six rabbits survived the study period with minimal care and maintained stoma patency until sacrifice. Granulation tissue and edema were noted during the first week and largely resolved by the second week. An average of 5-mm-diameter stoma was measured 14 days after surgery without intraluminal stenosis or laryngeal edema. Conclusions This method meets the defined criteria for the ideal experimental tracheostomy, demonstrating potential benefit in a laryngotracheal stenosis model and a rabbit model of evoked phonation. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope, 125:680–684, 2015
Verifiability: A Rationale for the Failure of Intermediate Exchange Rate Regimes +

This paper offers a possible theoretical rationale ‐ currently lacking -- for the proposition that intermediate exchange rate regimes are no longer viable. According to this proposition, countries are being pushed to the “corners,” the extremes of either free floating or firm fixing. We introduce the notion of verifiability, by which we mean the ability of a market participant to infer statistically from observed data that the exchange rate regime announced by the authority is in fact in operation. Verifiability is a means to credibility. Our point is that a simple regime may be more verifiable by market participants than a complicated intermediate regime. We study the verifiability of exchange rate regimes by analyzing the case of Chile and by performing Monte Carlo simulations. Simple pegs and basket pegs are relatively easy to verify. As the case of Chile helps illustrate, a band around a peg makes the verification more difficult. Under a narrow band the weights on the central parity can be estimated correctly. However, wider bands make impossible the verification of the central parity. The amount of data that would be required may well exceed the length of the time period during which a given regime is typically maintained. The Monte Carlo exercise shows that the amount of information necessary to verify the exchange rate regimes increases with the complexity of the regime, including the width of the band and the number of currencies in the basket.
Model Driven Provisioning in Multi-tenant Clouds

In multi-tenant cloud systems today, provisioning of resources for new tenancy is based on selection from a catalogue published by the cloud provider. The published images are generally a stack of appliances with Infrastructure (IaaS) and Platform (PaaS) layers and optionally Application layers (SaaS). Such a ready-made model enables quicker and streamlined resource provisioning to clients. However, this approach poses certain challenges to clients in the short run and providers in the long run. Unique tenancy requirements from each client are forcibly generalized by selecting one of the available images from the catalogue as the tenancy requirements are not modeled or validated to start with. Moreover, resource provisioning is mostly done towards addressing the peak load expectations in the tenancy. Such a static approach does not help in adapting to dynamically changing tenancy requirements, most often leading to the tenants owning and subsequently paying for more than what they need. In particular, provisioned resources are expected to perform at the same level of quality without accounting for their changing health. In our paper, we propose an extensible dynamic provisioning framework to address these challenges. We start with defining a Tenancy Requirements Model (TRM) which helps map provisioned resources with tenants. The provisioned and candidate resources are also modeled with their Quality of Service (QoS) characteristics which we call Health Grading Model (HGM); this helps in continuous monitoring and grading of resources based on health parameters and enables health prediction for future provisioning. Together, TRM and HGM allow dynamic re-provisioning for existing tenants based on either changing tenancy requirements or health grading predictions. We also present algorithms for prediction based provisioning and tenancy requirement matching. We illustrate our ideas throughout this paper with a running example, and present a proof-of-concept prototype implementation on IBM's Rational Software Architect modeling tool.
For Non-expert Clinical Searches, Google Scholar Results are Older with Higher Impact while PubMed Results Offer More Breadth

Objectives – To compare PubMed and Google Scholar results for content relevance and article quality Design – Bibliometric study. Setting – Department of Internal Medicine at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center. Methods – Four clinical searches were conducted in both PubMed and Google Scholar. Search methods were described as “real world” (p. 216) behaviour, with the searchers familiar with content, though not expert at retrieval techniques. The first 20 results from each search were evaluated for relevance to the initial question, as well as for quality. Relevance was determined based on one author’s subjective assessment of information in the title and abstract, when available, and then tested by two other authors, with discrepancies discussed and resolved. Items were assigned to one of three categories: relevant, possibly relevant, and not relevant to the question, with reviewer agreement measured using a weighted kappa statistic. The quality of items found to be ‘relevant’ and ‘possibly relevant’ was measured by impact factor ratings from Thomsen Reuters (ISI) Web of Knowledge, when available, as well as information obtained by SCOPUS on the number of times items were cited. Main Results – Google Scholar results were judged to be more relevant and of higher quality than results obtained from PubMEed. Google Scholar results are also older on average, while PubMed retrieved items from a larger number of unique journals. Conclusion – In agreement with earlier research, the authors recommended that searchers use both PubMed and Google Scholar to improve on the quality and relevance of results. Searches in the two resources identify unique items based upon the ranking algorithms involved.
The Development of Emotion in Religion

It is held by many that religion had its origin in the emotional life, in "loving reverence," or in fear, or in awe; and many make some particular emotion the distinguishing mark of religion. Since, indeed, religion is a part of the struggle for the preservation and perfection of life, it involves from the very beginning emotional states. But to speak of religion as originating in emotions is to assume a conception of religion which seems to me utterly unacceptable. If any sentiment or emotion, such as reverence or fear or awe, is found at the dawn of religion, it exists as part of the response, in a particular situation, to a sense of the presence of an invisible Being, upon whom one depends and with whom one desires to hold satisfactory relations. The emotion belongs to an experience involving the whole man, that is, man as a feeling, thinking, willing being. The first question, then, that I desire to raise is not, "In what emotion does religion originate?" but, "What is the dominant emotion at the beginning of religious life?" Let us first consider the question a priori. What are the emotions which even the most primitive savage is likely to have as he feels the invisible presence of his great tribal ancestors, of mighty nature-beings, of creators? Fear these he certainly does. If he believes himself able by magic to coerce any one of them, his attitude towards that one is self-assertion, self-reliance, and pride, perhaps even arrogance, mitigated no doubt by a lurking fear that his magic may fail. But such a relation to a spirit or god does not constitute religion; it is, as we know, magic. If, on the other hand, he finds himself in a personal, anthropopathic relation with one of these unseen beings, and, realizing his need, seeks to win the god's favor with presents or by bowing before him in an attitude of fear, respect, and hope, we have an altogether different emotional attitude. The man is no longer self-assertive and proud.
Methodology to estimate particulate matter emissions from certified commercial aircraft engines.

Abstract Today, about one-fourth of U.S. commercial service airports, including 41 of the busiest 50, are either in nonattainment or maintenance areas per the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. U.S. aviation activity is forecasted to triple by 2025, while at the same time, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is evaluating stricter particulate matter (PM) standards on the basis of documented human health and welfare impacts. Stricter federal standards are expected to impede capacity and limit aviation growth if regulatory mandated emission reductions occur as for other non-aviation sources (i.e., automobiles, power plants, etc.). In addition, strong interest exists as to the role aviation emissions play in air quality and climate change issues. These reasons underpin the need to quantify and understand PM emissions from certified commercial aircraft engines, which has led to the need for a methodology to predict these emissions. Standardized sampling techniques to measure volatile and nonvo...
Prevalence of COPD in women compared to men around the time of diagnosis of primary lung cancer.

Purpose COPD is a well-known independent risk factor that is associated with primary lung cancer. There is, however, a striking paucity of women in studies demonstrating this association. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of COPD as determined by pulmonary function tests (PFTs) between women and men at around the time of lung cancer diagnosis. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients with newly diagnosed primary lung cancer who had undergone PFTs prior to their treatment. The diagnosis of airflow obstruction was made according to American Thoracic Society guidelines. Comparisons of the prevalence of COPD between men and women were performed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Of the 294 patients in the study, 151 patients (51.4%) were men and 143 patient (48.6%) were women. Of the men, 110 patients (72.8%) had COPD compared with 75 patients (52.5%) among the women. This represented a significantly lower prevalence of COPD in women than in men (odds ratio [OR], 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25 to 0.67; p = 0.0003). When adjusted for age and smoking status, a sustained lower prevalence of COPD was noted in women compared to men (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.74; p = 0.002). In a subset of 256 smokers, there remained a lower prevalence of COPD in women compared to men (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.77; p = 0.003). Adjusted analysis to control for age and number of pack-years of smoking in this subset again showed a sustained reduction in the OR for women presenting with COPD (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.83; p = 0.009). Conclusions When COPD was examined as an end point among patients who had newly diagnosed lung cancer, a significantly higher proportion of women had normal PFT results. Gender-based differences on PFT results should be considered during the screening of lung cancer, because the stratification of high-risk patients based on the presence of COPD may miss a significant proportion of women with lung cancer.
Biochemical and functional properties of recombinant human sickle hemoglobin expressed in yeast

Previous studies had indicated that recombinant and natural human sickle hemoglobin had similar chemical properties (Martin de Llano, J. J., Schneewind, O., Stetler, G., and Manning, J. M. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 918-922). In the present study, additional biochemical and physiological characterization of some primary through quaternary structural features of recombinant sickle hemoglobin are described. The molecular weight of the purified recombinant sickle hemoglobin was identical to natural sickle hemoglobin as determined by mass spectrometry, thus excluding extensive post-translational modification in the yeast system. Carboxypeptidases A and B together catalyzed the release of COOH-terminal amino acids at the same rate for recombinant and natural hemoglobin S, consistent with identity in their primary and secondary structures in this region of the molecule. The tryptic peptide maps of natural and recombinant hemoglobins were practically indistinguishable, indicating the same internal protein sequences for recombinant and natural hemoglobins. As a probe of the secondary structure of recombinant sickle Hb, the reactivity of the SH group of Cys-93(beta) was investigated for the glutathione sickle hemoglobin adduct, which has significant anti-gelling and anti-sickling properties. The position of glutathione at Cys-93(beta) was established by direct mass spectrometric analysis of enzyme digests; reduction of this derivative to the unmodified chains was also observed by mass spectrometry and by isoelectric focusing. The oxygen equilibrium curves of recombinant and natural sickle hemoglobin at high protein concentration were superimposable with identical Hill coefficients of 3.3. The response of recombinant sickle hemoglobin to chloride with respect to a lowered oxygen affinity was identical to that of natural sickle hemoglobin. The gelation properties of recombinant and natural sickle hemoglobins were identical at the high hemoglobin concentrations that occur in the red cell. Therefore, the yeast expression system synthesizes a completely functional recombinant sickle hemoglobin with the same biochemical and physiological properties as natural sickle hemoglobin with respect to features characteristic of its primary through quaternary structures.
Confirmatory factor structure of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D) in mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury.

Primary objective: The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) is a frequently-used self-report measure of depressive symptom severity. Brief depression screening measures can be important in the identification and prediction of depression following traumatic brain injury. The objective of this study was to investigate the validity of the CES-D in measuring depressive symptoms in patients with mild-to-moderate TBI as it has been rarely used in neurologically compromised populations.Research design: Inception cohort.Methods and procedures: The CES-D was administered to 340 participants with mild-to-moderate TBI at 3-months post-injury.Main outcomes and results: Confirmatory factor analysis of the CES-D indicated that the data are a reasonable fit similar to that of Radloff 's original 4-factor model.Conclusions: These findings suggest that the CES-D may be appropriate for use in patients with mild-to-moderate TBI.
Design Techniques to Offset Potential Costs in Configural Displays

Research on configural displays has indicated that they facilitate the extraction of high-level properties in a domain if the emergent features map appropriately to the critical data relationships. On the other hand, designing configural displays to offset the potential cost for the extraction of low-level data has proven to be more challenging. Several complementary design strategies (i.e., color-coding/layering/separation, tick marks/gridlines, bar graphs/extenders, and digital values) were applied to the same configural display and performance was compared in two experiments. In Exp. 1 observers had two displays (baseline, enhanced) and completed two types of probes (focused and integrated) with two probe methodologies (concurrent visual and retrospective memory). The enhanced display produced significantly faster and significantly more accurate responses for both focused and integrated probes when the probes were administered with the concurrent methodology. In Exp. 2 observers had 10 displays (versio...
Prospective cohort study of breast implants and the risk of connective-tissue diseases

Background A 2000 meta-analysis indicated no overall association between breast implants and risk of connective-tissue diseases (CTDs). However, a large retrospective cohort study we previously conducted suggested, instead, a small increased risk of CTDs. Because of limitations inherent to the retrospective cohort study design, we sought clarification by conducting a prospective cohort study of the association of breast implants with CTD risk. Methods Participants were 23 847 US women (mean age 56.6 years), 3950 of whom had breast implants and 19 897 did not. Women reported their breast implant status at baseline in 2001 and were followed for a median of 3.63 years. During follow-up, women reported incident CTD, confirmed using a CTD screening questionnaire (CSQ) and medical records. Results In multivariate analyses, the rate ratios for self-reported CTD (113 vs 377 cases in the implanted and non-implanted group, respectively) were 1.60 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28–2.00], for CSQ-confirmed CTD (77 vs 226 cases), 1.80 (1.37–2.38) and for medical record confirmed CTD (21 vs 74 cases), 1.39 (0.82–2.35). Conclusions Although this prospective cohort study represented a stronger design than the retrospective cohort study, the present data should still be viewed cautiously because of remaining methodological limitations, including the potential for differential self-reporting of CTD and CTD symptoms among women with and without breast implants, the difficulty of obtaining medical records for women reporting CTD and the low and possibly differential confirmation of self-reported disease against medical records. A reasonable conclusion is the lack of a large increase in CTD risk (e.g. ≥2-fold) associated with breast implants.
The Benefits and Challenges of Becoming Cross-Culturally Competent Counseling Psychologists Presidential Address

The central thesis of this article is that focusing on cross-cultural competence will enhance both the science and the practice of counseling psychology. Developing cross-cultural competence is a lifelong journey, replete with many joys and challenges, that will (a) increase the sophistication of our research, (b) expand the utility and generalizability of the knowledge bases in counseling psychology, (c) promote a deeper realization that counseling occurs in a cultural context, and (d) increase not only counseling effectiveness but also the profession’s ability to address diverse mental health needs across different populations around the globe. In the future, (a) counseling psychologists will be expected to have an array of cross-cultural competencies, which emphasizes the need to systematically train students to acquire such competencies, and (b) counseling psychology will no longer be defined as counseling psychology within the United States, but rather, the parameters of counseling psychology will cr...
Radiation Characteristics and Interference of Large Broadband Power Line (BPL) Deployments

We analyze and quantify the radio interference to aeronautical receivers from a massively deployed broadband over power line (BPL) system. Based on our previous semi-finite multi-line model, a closed-form solution is derived for the far field using the saddle-point method. We investigate the aggregate radiation power from a circular area in which randomly oriented BPL spans are uniformly placed. A scaling rule for the radiation power is discovered, with respect to both the number of BPL spans and the altitude of the receivers. The level of interference is numerically evaluated for a baseline case. The result can be generalized using the scaling rule derived here.
Environmental Effects on Graphite-Epoxy Fatigue Properties

Effects of torsional and flexural fatigue on the long-time Integrity of advanced graphite-epoxy structural composites have been investigated. Torsional fatigue tests were run at stress ratios of R = 0 (zero to maximum, repeated) and R = -1 (zero mean stress) on unidirectional, angleply, and woven graphite fiber materials in air and water at room temperature and at 74 C. Flexural fatigue tests (four-point bending) with R = -1 were run in air and water at room temperature, and with R = 0 in air. Results show that, in torsional cycling, both water environment and higher test temperature contribute to significant degradation of torsional stiffness. The degradation of stiffness from torsional stress cycling was observed to be much greater with R = -1 than with simple R = 0 cycling. The effect of environment also is greater in the fully reversed cycling. Flexural fatigue results on +/- 30 deg material show a large fatigue effect, with fatigue limits of less than 50% and 30% of the static failure strength for specimens tested under stress ratios of R = 0 and R = -1, respectively. Compliance measurements indicate that the final failures are preceded by damage initiation and accumulation, which begins at about 1% of the specimen life.
INTERACTIONS OF ZESTE MUTATIONS WITH LOCI EXHIBITING TRANSVECTION EFFECTS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Zeste (1-1.0; 3A3) mutations have been known to modify the expression of two gene complexes: white (1-1.5; 3C1.5) and bithorax (3-58.8; 89E1-4) in Drosophila melanogaster. Certain mutations of these complexes have been shown to behave in a synapsis-dependent fashion. That is, certain bithorax and white genotypes exhibit one level of expression when the two copies of these loci are able to synapse in somatic tissues and another level when heterozygosity for chromosomal rearrangements interferes with their ability to pair. Such phenomena are termed transvection effects by Lewis (1954). In the case of the white locus, asynapsis leads to a more normal state, whereas at bithorax, asynapsis leads to a more mutant phenotype. Recently, a third case of transvection was described at the decapentaplegic (2-4.0; 22F1-3) gene complex (Gelbart 1982); phenomenologically, it is very similar to transvection at bithorax. In this report, we demonstrate that zeste mutations can also interact with those decapentaplegic mutations that exhibit transvection effects. In addition, we present more information on the zeste interactions with white and bithorax. Interactions with zeste may be diagnostic of loci that can exhibit transvection effects. However, different groups of zeste alleles interact with each complex. z1 interacts with white, za alleles interact with bithorax and all tested zeste mutants interact with decapentaplegic. These differential effects of zeste mutations may be a reflection of the neomorphic nature of the z1 allele.
Mavenness And Salespeople Success: An Empirical Investigation

The sales literature has examined many characteristics of highly successful salespeople but as yet has not evaluated the concept of mavenness in the context of sales. Mavens are persons who have a passionate desire to freely share their expertise and knowledge for the benefit of others. This paper develops a three-factor measure of mavenness that measures levels of expertise, passion and the desire to share knowledge, and tests if higher levels of mavenness are associated with superior salesperson performance. The scale was administered to a sample of 122 salespersons in a large insurance company. Data on salesperson performance as well as other control variables were collected from archival records. Confirmatory factor analysis provided satisfactory support for the scale. Mavenness and the control variables were regressed on salesperson performance. All three factors of mavenness were highly significant. Sales managers can improve the selection and training of their sales force by using the scale to find candidates with high levels of mavenness. Although the concept of mavenness is not new, no attempt to measure this trait has been made previously. Furthermore, this trait has not before been tested to see if high levels of mavenness are associated with superior salesperson performance.
Methoden der Präaggregationstechnik

Den Schwerpunkt dieses Kapitels bildet die Darstellung des aktuellen Forschungsstandes im Bereich der Praaggregationstechnik. Ziel einer adaquaten Praaggregationstechnik ist, eine Menge an materialisierten Vorauswertungen redundant vorzuhalten und durch transparenten Ruckgriff auf diese Auswertungen eingehende Anfragen zur Laufzeit zu beschleunigen. Dazu wird im ersten Abschnitt die dieser Technik zugrundeliegende Theorie der aggregationsbezogenen Ableitbarkeit eingefuhrt und eine entsprechende Klassifikation von Aggregationsfunktionen vorgenommen Basierend auf dieser Theorie wird in Abschnitt 6.2 das Konzept des Aggregationsgitters diskutiert, welches einen Kontext fur mogliche Aggregationskombinationen beschreibt. Zur Illustration des exponentiellen Charakters dieses Konzeptes wird in diesem Abschnitt eine Untersuchung der Grosen der Auspragungen eines Aggregationsgitters vorgenommen.
High Risk of Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis and Death After Valve Replacement Operations in Dialysis Patients.

Background Despite a high burden of dialysis access-related bloodstream infections and an increasing incidence of endocarditis, few data are available addressing the risk of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) in the dialysis population. We sought to assess the risk of PVE and death after valve replacement operations in patients receiving long-term dialysis. Methods A matched retrospective cohort study was conducted comprising patients admitted for valve replacement operations at two university hospitals. Patients without dialysis were matched 1:1 with dialysis patients by valve(s) replaced, year of operation, and presence of active endocarditis as the indication for valve replacement. Patient characteristics were compared using χ 2 and t tests. The development of PVE was defined by use of the modified Duke criteria and analyzed with Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Two hundred seventy-eight patients were included, with 139 in either cohort. The PVE risk per year of follow-up was 0.14 in the dialysis cohort and 0.03 in the nondialysis cohort. Dialysis remained a risk factor (adjusted hazard ratio 5.61 [95% confidence interval, 2.17 to 14.5], p = 0.0004) after age and race were controlled for. The 5-year survival rate was lower after valve replacement operation in the dialysis group (25.4%) than in the nondialysis group (75.9%, p Conclusions The risk of PVE and death after valve replacement operations in dialysis patients is substantial and significantly higher than in patients without dialysis. These findings highlight the importance of a careful preoperative risk–benefit assessment and underscore the need to prevent hemodialysis-related bloodstream infections.
Continuous insulin treatment in the Chinese hamster. A review

Diabetes in the adult diabetic Chinese hamster is characterized by subnormal plasma and pancreatic insulin, impaired stimulated insulin secretion, and insulin resistance (1–3). In most regards this model resembles non-obese NIDDM reviewed in (2). Of particular interest is the observation that in young pre-diabetic animals, with little or no hyperglycemia, hyper-insulinemia is observed (4). Furthermore, perfused pancreata from 6–12 week animals respond normally to stimuli; impairment of insulin release is noted only by 17–21 weeks (1). Thus, there is a predictable onset of diabetes (to 95% in certain sublines).
Creative Homeland Security: Imagining the Next Big Solar Storm

Creative Homeland Security: Imagining the next big solar storm aims to examine the use of creative practice within homeland security research. In this thesis, a solar storm disaster is identified as a threat to our homeland’s safety and security. The thesis will go into further detail about solar storm disasters, presenting a background of solar storm disasters. Creative works used in response of solar storms and other natural disasters will be discussed via a literary review. It will explain the methodology involved in constructing a research-centered, literary, fictional piece, or an Embedded Research Paper for this solar storm disaster. It will present the Embedded Research Paper, centered on a solar storm disaster. It will analyze the Embedded Research Paper, explaining how the piece was successful as a work of art while still being constrained to the DHS mission statement. It will show how the creative process has revealed new information and insight regarding solar storms and natural disasters. Finally, the thesis will be finished with a summary, conclusions, and recommendations to the Department of Homeland Security.
LiveSim: Going live with microarchitecture simulation

Computer architects rely heavily on software-based microarchitecture simulators, which typically take hours or days to produce results. We have developed LiveSim, a novel microarchitectural simulation methodology that provides simulation results within seconds, making it suitable for interactive use. LiveSim works by creating in-memory checkpoints of application state, and then executing randomly selected samples from these checkpoints in parallel to produce simulation results. The initial results, which we call LiveSample, are reported less than one second after starting the simulation. As more samples are simulated the results become more accurate and are updated in real-time. Once enough samples are gathered, LiveSim provides confidence intervals for the reported values and continues simulation until it reaches the target confidence level, which we call LiveCI. We evaluated LiveSim using SPEC CPU 2006 benchmarks and found that within 5 seconds after starting simulation, LiveSample results reached an average error of 3.51% compared to full simulation, and the LiveCI results were available within 41 seconds on average.
Non-lift-off block copolymer lithography of 25 nm magnetic nanodot arrays.

Although nanolithographic techniques based on self-assembled block copolymer templates offer tremendous potential for fabrication of large-area nanostructure arrays, significant difficulties arise with both the lift-off and etch processes typically used for pattern transfer. These become progressively more important in the limit of extreme feature sizes. The few techniques that have been developed to avoid these issues are quite complex. Here, we demonstrate successful execution of a nanolithographic process based on solvent annealed, cylinder-forming, easily degradable, polystyrene-b-polylactide block copolymer films that completely avoids lift-off in addition to the most challenging aspects of etching. We report a “Damascene-type” process that overfills the polystyrene template with magnetic metal, employs ion beam milling to planarize the metal surface down to the underlying polystyrene template, then exploits the large etch rate contrast between polystyrene and typical metals to generate pattern rever...
Early Childhood Victimization and Physical Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy A Developmental and Person-Oriented Approach

Intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization during pregnancy is a major public health concern, yet little is known about how risk factors for IPV during pregnancy may depend on whether women have histories of victimization dating back to early childhood (ages 0-5 years). This study examined whether risk factors for physical IPV victimization during pregnancy (a pregnancy that was not planned and prenatal substance use) differed for women with versus without early childhood victimization. Participants were 236 ethnically diverse, low-income biological mothers ( M = 30.94 years; 50.0% Latina, 16.9% Caucasian, 13.1% African American, and 16.9% multiracial) of children aged 0 to 6 years. Mothers were classified into four groups based on whether they had experienced early childhood victimization and physical IPV victimization during pregnancy with the target child. Multinomial logistic regressions, controlling for demographic characteristics, examined whether a pregnancy not planned and prenatal substance use predicted group membership. Compared to mothers with early victimization only, mothers with both early childhood victimization and physical IPV during pregnancy were more than 3 times as likely to report that their pregnancy with the target child was not planned. In follow-up analyses, mothers with early victimization and physical IPV during pregnancy also reported higher lifetime parity than mothers with physical IPV during pregnancy but no early victimization. Early childhood victimization may place women on a risk pathway to physical IPV during pregnancy, particularly if the pregnancy is not planned. Prevention and policy efforts should screen women for early childhood victimization to understand risks for physical IPV during pregnancy.
Lesions incompatible with life but surgically correctable in infancy and early childhood.

This presentation deals primarily with the diagnosis and surgical treatment of congenital anomalies that usually require correction in the immediate postnatal period. Abnormalities which are not surgical emergencies in the first few days of life but may be surgically correctable in early childhood, such as anomalies of the aortic arch and congenital heart disease, are discussed briefly.
Value of color Doppler echocardiography in detecting coronary artery fistula

Objective:To probe into the imaging characteristics of coronary artery fistula(CAF) in color Doppler echocardiography(CDE) and the value of CDE. Methods: Data of CDE in 11 patients with CAF were analyzed retrospectively to find out the characteristics and regularity of CAF. Results: Eleven cases were accurately diagnosed by CDE imaging. The CDE characteristics were obvious as follows:①Abnormal blood flow existed in the fistula heart chamber or pulmonary artery on CDE. ②The coronary artery with fistula was prominently enlarged. ③Most fistulas were at right coronary artery to right heart system. ④Continuous overfall both in systole and diastole were displayed in fistulas to right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and pulmonary artery. Diastole overfall only existed in fistula to left ventricle. Conclusions: CDE has important value to clinic in detecting CAF.