cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stable isotope stratigraphy of the Arctic ocean: Fram strait to central Arctic

Abstract A comparison of stable isotope and textural records of sediment cores from the Fram Strait and central Arctic Ocean to isotopic records from low latitude oceans indicates that the Arctic Mediterranean responded dynamically to climatic change during the Pleistocene. Core MG-123, from the Fram Strait, shows at least four significant low δ 18 O intervals, 5 high δ 13 C intervals, and five intervals with a low amount of coarse sediment. The association of high δ 18 O values with coarse sediment intervals indicates increased glacial ice in the Fram Strait during glacial phases of the climate cycle. Peaks within the low δ 18 O intervals increase in magnitude from oldest to youngest, suggesting that glacial/interglacial transitions are “pulsed”. The magnitude of the different low δ 18 O intervals increases from oldest to youngest. This is interpreted to indicate that there has been a progressive intensification of the oceanographic response to glacial/interglacial transitions in the Fram Strait during the past 524 ky. Time series spectral analysis suggests an age of approximately 524 ky for the oldest sediment in core MG-123, yielding an average sedimentation rate of approximately 1.66 cm/1000 yr. Stable isotope records from the central Arctic Ocean indicate that sedimentation rates are on the order of 1–3 mm/1000 yr. The isotope records support the established central Arctic Ocean lithostratigraphy. Coarse sediment deposition in the central Arctic is not as clearly related to glacial conditions as it is in the Fram Strait. The oxygen isotope range of central Arctic Ocean records is accentuated relative to the global ice volume signal recorded from lower latitude cores. This may be caused by variations in salinity, temperature, and thickness of the Arctic Ocean's low salinity surface layer. Oceanographic responses to climatic change recorded in the Fram Strait are also recorded in the central Arctic Ocean but with decreased resolution due to the magnitude of difference in the sedimentation rates between the two areas.
Predictors of Stage of Adoption for Colorectal Cancer Screening

Abstract Background . Although colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in women, little is known about predictors of adherence to screening. Methods . A randomly selected sample of 202 predominantly low-income and African-American women were interviewed. Knowledge of, attitudes and beliefs about, and practices related to flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) screening were assessed. Results . The majority of participants were in the precontemplation stage of adoption (56%). There were significant differences by stage of adoption for FS beliefs, FS barriers, risk of developing colorectal cancer, worry about getting colorectal cancer, and physician recommendation to get a FS. Predictors of adherence to FS guidelines were perceiving fewer barriers to getting a FS and having a physician recommend a FS. Conclusion . Seventy-two percent of the women in this study were nonadherent to FS screening guidelines. Psychosocial factors play an important role in screening for colorectal cancer. Ways of reducing barriers and increasing physician recommendations should be explored.
Motivation and the Heart in the Xing Zi Ming Chu

In both content and historical position, the “Xing Zi Ming Chu” is of obvious significance for understanding the development of classical Chinese philosophy, particularly Confucian moral psychology. This article aims to clarify one aspect of the text, namely, its account of human motivation. This account can be divided into two parts. The first describes human motivation primarily in passive terms of response to external forces, as emotions arise from our nature when stimulated by things in the world. The second comes from the role of the heart, which takes a more active role in shaping our responses to the world. This article focuses on the role of the heart. At stake is the status of human agency, in particular, the degree to which the heart, through the formation of a stable intention, allows us to go beyond being simply pulled along by external forces.
Secretase-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of Mdm2 by the ErbB-4 intracellular domain fragment.

Heregulin activation of the endogenous receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB-4 in ZR-75–1 breast cancer cells provokes tyrosine phosphorylation of Hdm2 in a manner that is sensitive to inhibition of αor γ-secretase activity, indicating that liberation of the tyrosine kinase intracellular domain (ICD) fragment is required. Similar results are obtained when Erbb-4 is exogenously expressed in 32D cells, which do not otherwise express any ErbB family members. Expression of the ErbB-4 ICD fragment leads to its constitutive association with Mdm2 and tyrosine phosphorylation of Mdm2, a protein that is predominantly localized in the nucleus and that regulates p53 levels. When the ErbB-4 ICD fragment was expressed in H1299 cells, it promoted Hdm2 ubiquitination and increased the levels of p53 and p21, a transcriptional target of p53. In addition, expression of the ICD fragment increased p53 activity toward the p21 promoter in a luciferase reporter assay.
A truncated FAK lacking the FERM domain displays high catalytic activity but retains responsiveness to adhesion-mediated signals.

Abstract In order to determine the role of the FERM domain in the regulation of FAK phosphorylation at Tyr-397, the major autophosphorylation site, we generated a truncated FAK lacking a region of the N-terminus corresponding to amino acids 1–384 (FAKΔ384). FAKΔ384 showed a striking increase in phosphorylation, as compared with wild type FAK, in lysates of either HEK 293 or FAK−/− cells. Interestingly, the truncated form of FAK lacking the N-terminal domain retains responsiveness to integrin-mediated signals, as judged by its dephosphorylation by holding cells in suspension and by the recovery of the phosphorylation when replating the cells on fibronectin. We propose a model in which removal of FERM-mediated auto-inhibition is important to increase FAK catalytic activity but the translocation and clustering of this enzyme at the focal adhesions is required for maximal phosphorylation at Tyr-397.
Molecular Modeling of Ethylidyne Adsorption and Diffusion on Pt(111)

The adsorption geometry and diffusion behavior of ethylidyne (CCH3) on Pt(111) is studied in order to help elucidate the role of this hydrocarbon species during ethylene hydrogenation and dehydrogenation over Pt catalysts. A variant of the extended Huckel method is used, which allows bond-specific parametrization in molecules. It is adapted to geometrically infinite periodic systems, and empirical parameter values suitable for hydrocarbons on Pt surfaces are developed. The 3-fold fcc and hcp hollows are found to be the most stable adsorption sites, with an energy barrier of about 0.11 eV between them. This barrier suggests relatively easy diffusion of ethylidyne along the Pt(111) surface (subject only to steric intermolecular constraints), allowing unimpeded ethylene approach by opening up sites where subsequent hydrogenation reactions could take place with preadsorbed hydrogen.
Cell-adhesion-disrupting action of interleukin 6 in human ductal breast carcinoma cells.

Abstract Recombinant baculovirus-derived interleukin 6 (IL-6) disrupts the attachment of human ductal breast carcinoma subline ZR-75-1-Tx cells to neighbors and the substratum in culture without inhibiting the proliferation of the cells. The nonadherent cells lack pseudopodia and do not translocate directionally. These findings stand in contrast to the earlier observations in the Ro subline of ZR-75-1 cells in which IL-6 induces cell-cell separation without detachment of the cells from the substratum, with the cells displaying pseudopodia, increased motility, and decreased proliferation. The IL-6-induced ZR-75-1-Tx cell detachment and rounding are reversible by incubation of the treated cells in IL-6-free medium for several days. The distinctive changes induced by IL-6 in ZR-75-1-Ro cells are similarly reversible. Either acidic fibroblast growth factor or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate can replace serum as a cofactor in IL-6-induced ZR-75-1-Tx cell detachment. Our findings indicate that genetic changes can occur in breast carcinoma cells that through cytokine action markedly affect cell structure, adhesiveness, and motility.
Parental Leave of Absence: Some Not So Family Friendly Implications

This experiment examined the effects of ratee gender, type of leave of absence, and level of performance on perceptions of organizational commitment, work commitment, family commitment, and recommendations for organizational rewards. The proposed 3-way interactions between gender, type of leave of absence, and performance level were not supported; however, main effects and 2-way interactions were revealed. Moreover, perceived organizational commitment and work commitment were found to moderate the relationship between performance level and reward recommendations. The findings also indicated that men who were depicted as taking a leave of absence from work for parental reasons were less likely to be recommended for rewards than were males who had not taken a leave of absence.
Improved time bounds for near-optimal sparse Fourier representations

•We study the problem of finding a Fourier representation R of m terms for a given discrete signal A of length N. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) can find the optimal N-term representation in time O(N log N) time, but our goal is to get sublinear time algorithms when m << N. Suppose ||A||2 ≤M||A-Ropt||2, where Ropt is the optimal output. The previously best known algorithms output R such that ||A-R||22≤(1+e))||A-Ropt||22 with probability at least 1-δ in time* poly(m,log(1/δ),log N,log M,1/e). Although this is sublinear in the input size, the dominating expression is the polynomial factor in m which, for published algorithms, is greater than or equal to the bottleneck at m2 that we identify below. Our experience with these algorithms shows that this is serious limitation in theory and in practice. Our algorithm beats this m2 bottleneck. Our main result is a significantly improved algorithm for this problem and the d-dimensional analog. Our algorithm outputs an R with the same approximation guarantees but it runs in time m•poly(log(1/δ),log N,log M,1/e). A version of the algorithm holds for all N, though the details differ slightly according to the factorization of N. For the d-dimensional problem of size N1 × N2 × •• × Nd, the linear-in-m algorithm extends efficiently to higher dimensions for certain factorizations of the Ni's; we give a quadratic-in-m algorithm that works for any values of Ni's. This article replaces several earlier, unpublished drafts.
Pseudomass of the left upper quadrant from inversion of the left hemidiaphragm: CT diagnosis.

Two cases of inversion of the left hemidiaphragm due to a large pleural effusion and presenting with dysphagia were diagnosed by computed tomographic (CT) scanning. The relationship of the dysphagia to the diaphragmatic inversion, a differential of the causes of this entity, and the role of CT in its diagnosis are discussed.
Expression of ErbB3-binding protein-1 (EBP1) during primordial follicle formation: role of estradiol-17ß.

The formation of primordial follicles involves the interaction between the oocytes and surrounding somatic cells, which differentiate into granulosa cells. Estradiol-17s (E) promotes primordial follicle formation in vivo and in vitro; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The expression of an ERBB3-binding protein 1 (EBP1) is downregulated in 8-day old hamster ovaries concurrent with the increase in serum estradiol levels and the formation of primordial follicles. The objectives of the present study were to determine the spatio-temporal expression and putative E regulation of EBP1 in ovarian cells during perinatal development with respect to primordial follicle formation. Hamster EBP1 nucleic acid and amino acid sequences were more than 93% and 98% similar, respectively, to those of mouse and human, and contained nucleolar localization signal, RNA-binding domain and several phosphorylation sites. EBP1 protein was present in somatic cells and oocytes from E15, and declined in oocytes by P1 and in somatic cells by P5. Thereafter, EBP1 expression increased through P7 with a transient decline on P8 primarily in interstitial cells. EBP1 mRNA levels mirrored protein expression pattern. E treatment on P1 and P4 upregulated EBP1 expression by P8 whereas E treatment on P4 downregulated it by 72 h suggesting a compensatory upregulation due to E pretreatment. Treatment with an FSH-antiserum, which suppressed primordial follicle formation, prevented the decline in EBP1 levels, and the effect was reversed by E treatment. Therefore, the results provide the first evidence that EBP1 may play an important role in mediating the effect of E in the differentiation of somatic cells into granulosa cells during primordial follicle formation.
Complex repetitive discharges: cause or effect of neurogenic muscle hypertrophy?

We report a patient with adult-onset spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) of the scapulohumeral type with neurogenic muscle hypertrophy (NMH) in markedly weakened biceps muscles in association with continuous complex repetitive discharges (CRDs). This is an apparently unique case due to the bilaterality of the NMH associated with CRDs as well as the well-circumscribed symmetric upper extremity distribution of the hypertrophy. The possible mechanisms of NMH in association with spontaneous motor activity are discussed.
Winter transportation in the High Sierras by “Sno‐Motor”

The problem of winter transportation to important reservoirs and river-diversion structures owned and operated by the Southern California Edison Company, Ltd., in the snow-bound High Sierras appears to be quite successfully solved by a crawler-type ”Sno-Motor“ designed by T. P. Flynn, Senior Equipment Engineer of the United States Forest Service, and built by the Monarch Forge and Machine Works of Portland, Oregon.
Role of renalase in the regulation of blood pressure and the renal dopamine system.

Purpose of reviewRenalase is a secreted amine oxidase that is synthesized in the kidney, and that metabolizes circulating catecholamines. Tissue and plasma renalase levels are decreased in models of chronic kidney disease. Recent data indicate that renalase deficiency is associated with increased bl
A nonclassical stress analysis for a laminated composite section

Abstract In this study the nonclassical method of stress analysis, developed by Ardic, Santare & Chou [ Int. J. Sol. Struct. , 26 (1990) 643-53; Int. J. Engng Sci. , 27 (1989) 1397-405], is applied to a laminated composite body containing continuous fiber-reinforced layers. For this problem the nonclassical method is performed in two steps. First, each lamina is considered to be homogeneous and anisotropic. The effects of adjacent laminae on the average strains in each lamina are determined. These strains are used as input far-field strains for the laminae, and by using the nonclassical method for three-dimensional, continuous fiber-reinforced materials in Ardic et al. [ Int. J. Sol. Struct. , 26 (1990) 643-53] the effects of heterogeneity on the stresses in the fibers and the matrix of each lamina are found. By summing the stresses calculated from the input far-field strains and the heterogeneity stresses the stress fields in the fibers and matrix are determined separately. Some sample results are plotted for comparison with classical methods.
Working memory involvement in stuttering: exploring the evidence and research implications.

Abstract Several studies of utterance planning and attention processes in stuttering have raised the prospect of working memory involvement in the disorder. In this paper, potential connections between stuttering and two elements of Baddeley's [Baddeley, A. D. (2003). Working memory: Looking back and looking forward. Neuroscience, 4 , 829–839] working memory model, phonological memory and central executive, are posited. Empirical evidence is drawn from studies on phonological memory and dual-task performance among children and adults who stutter to examine support for the posited connections. Implications for research to examine working memory as one of the psycholinguistic bases of stuttering are presented. Educational objectives: The reader will learn about and be able to: (1) appraise potential relationships between working memory and stuttering; (2) evaluate empirical evidence that suggests the possibility of working memory involvement in stuttering; and (3) identify research directions to explore the role of working memory in stuttering.
Age-appropriate early school age neurobehavioral outcomes of extremely preterm birth without severe intraventricular hemorrhage: a single center experience

Abstract Background Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) is an established risk factor for poor neurocognitive outcome, particularly when severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) complicates the neonatal course. Those born Aim To compare neurocognitive and behavioral outcomes of those born Design Single center retrospective observational cohort study of ≤ 1000 g survivors born between 1998–2000, using standardized tests of cognition, academic achievement, executive function, attention, language, memory, motor/visual–motor skill, parent and teacher behavioral questionnaires. Results ELBW participants (mean age: 6.85 ± 0.79) had a mean General Cognitive Ability of 101.4 ± 13.05; no significant differences found between Conclusions Age-appropriate neurocognitive and behavioral function of ELBW survivors suggests outcome may be predicted based on IVH incidence as opposed to birth weight or GA. Factors leading to decreased IVH incidence deserve further study, via single- and cross-center methodologies, to enhance decision-making regarding resuscitation and care of these highly at-risk neonates.
Incorporating information technology considerations into an expanded model of judgment and decision making in accounting

Abstract Due to an increasingly sophisticated economic environment, accounting tasks and supporting information technology are becoming more complex. Under these circumstances, achieving congruence between task requirements and computer-supported information systems (i.e., task/technology fit) increases in importance. However, the layering of task and technology complexities may impose inordinately high mental workloads on individual decision-makers, thereby detracting from performance. Thus, judiciously designing computer-supported IS to simultaneously optimize task/technology fit, and minimize mental workload, is critical. While a significant amount of research in accounting has examined the individual determinants of judgment and decision making (Libby and Luft, 1993), only recently has this line of inquiry been extended to incorporate the impacts of task and technology on performance (Arnold and Sutton, 1998). The theoretical model proposed in this article complements and extends this research thrust by incorporating the concepts of task/technology fit (Goodhue and Thompson, 1995) and mental workload (Jex, 1988; Vidulich, 1988) into an expanded set of determinants of judgment and decision making. The proposed research model has theoretical and practical implications in a variety of accounting-related decision domains.
Contribution of fluctuations to thermal properties of fluids with attractive forces of limited range: theory compared with PϱT and Cv data for argon

Abstract A renormalization group theory has been developed for condensable gases whose attractive intermolecular forces have a limited range. The theory takes into account contributions to thermal properties that come from enhancements of density fluctuations at many wavelengths above expectations based on the mean field approximation. The theory begins with an expression for the Helmholtz free energy density of a gas that has only repulsive interactions plus mean field attraction. It then uses the phase-space cell method of K.G. Wilson [Phys. Rev. B 4, 3184 (1971)] to incorporate successive contributions from fluctuating attraction associated with density fluctuations of increasingly long wavelengths. Expressions are developed and evaluated numerically for the pressure, chemical potential, compressibility ratio, orthobaric densities, vapor pressure, and specific heats above and below the critical point temperature for a model gas of soft spheres. Comparison is made with specific heats, pressures near the critical point, and densities farther from the critical point measured in argon. Agreement is found over a wide range of densities, pressures, and temperatures surrounding the critical point to an accuracy ~1–3%.
Cancellous bone grafting of large osteochondral defects : An experimental study in dogs

Abstract Autogenous cancellous bone was evaluated as a material to repair large osteochondral defects in 20 adult mongrel dogs. In one knee, the bone graft was used to fill an osteochondral cylindrical defect (10 mm diameter × 10 mm deep) created in the femoral trochlea. A similar lesion was created in the contralateral knee but was left untreated for spontaneous healing. Four animals were killed at each of five periods (2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks), and the healing response of the defects was evaluated by gross anatomic inspection, plain film radiography, high-resolution radiography, and histology. The results of this study suggest that the use of a cancellous bone graft accelerates the repair of large osteochondral defects and produces more uniform filling of the defect than the ungrafted control. The reparative surface of the grafted lesions also differed from that of controls, having uniform coverage with histochemical-positive staining fibrocartilage at 8 weeks, a finding not observed in any control defect through the length of this study, 24 weeks. Arthroscopy 1998 Apr;14(3):311-20
Large Quasi-Circular Features Beneath Frost on Triton

Specially processed Voyager 2 images of Neptune's largest moon, Triton, reveal three large quasi-circular features ranging in diameter from 280 to 935 kilometers within Triton's equatorial region. The largest of these features contains a central, irregularly shaped area of comparatively low albedo about 380 kilometers in diameter, surrounded by crudely concentric annuli of higher albedo materials. None of the features exhibit significant topographic expression, and all appear to be primarily albedo markings. The features are located within a broad equatorial band of anomalously transparent frost that renders them nearly invisible at the large phase angles (alpha > 90 degrees ) at which Voyager obtained its highest resolution coverage of Triton. The features can be discerned at smaller phase angles (alpha = 66 degrees ) at which the frost only partially masks underlying albedo contrasts. The origin of the features is uncertain but may have involved regional cryovolcanic activity.
Argon vs Diode Laser Trabeculoplasty

Purpose To compare the efficacy of diode laser and argon laser trabeculoplasty in a randomized prospective study of 11 paired fellow eyes. Methods Fellow eyes of 11 patients, having had no prior laser trabeculoplasty and requiring laser trabeculoplasty to lower intraocular pressure, were randomly assigned prospectively to diode laser trabeculoplasty in one eye and argon laser trabeculoplasty in the other eye. Results In the diode laser group, the average baseline intraocular pressure was 21.6 ± 2.0 mm Hg before trabeculoplasty and 19.6 ± 2.1 mm Hg (or a 7.7% ± 11.5% mean pressure reduction) at 1 month, 19.3 ± 2.6 mm Hg (or a 6.9% ± 13.5% mean reduction) at 2 months, and 19.0 ± 3.3 mm Hg (or a 2.4% ± 16.9% mean reduction) at 3 months postoperatively. In the argon laser group, the average intraocular pressure was 24.4 ± 3.5 mm Hg before treatment and 17.6 ± 1.7 mm Hg (or a 24.7% ± 11.4% mean pressure reduction) at 1 month, 16.8 ± 2.5 mm Hg (or a 26.7% ± 15.3% mean reduction) at 2 months, and 15.5 ± 1.2 mm Hg (or a 30.0% ± 16.5% mean reduction) at 3 months after laser trabeculoplasty. The difference between argon and diode laser intraocular pressure reduction was statistically significant at 1 month ( P P P Conclusion Argon laser trabeculoplasty appears to be more effective than diode laser therapy in lowering intraocular pressure during the first 3 months after treatment.
Rethinking physician payment.

Current efforts to slow health care spending center on changing the way physicians are paid. As payers move away from fee-for-service, physician organizations are increasingly taking on contracts with population spending budgets.1 This transition revamps their business model. Revenue centers can become cost centers. Loss leaders can become opportunities for savings. With a budget in hand at the beginning of a year, physician organizations must now decide how to pay their constituent providers in a way that maximizes the value of care they deliver. This is a difficult task amidst organizational hierarchies that reflect the fee-for-service paradigm. Across the country, many physician organizations are bracing for battles between departments and divisions for shares of a constrained budget. Paying the old way based on relative value units (RVUs) is not ideal, as volume can drive down potential savings under the budget. Paying for quality is difficult, as quality metrics outside of primary care remain underdeveloped. Splitting the global budget into mini-budgets is plausible, but determining the amount and growth rate for one practice or specialty relative to another is challenging. Innovations in physician payment are needed, yet frameworks for how to innovate are lacking. We discuss a simple framework for thinking about innovations in physician payment.
Estimates of the contributions of biogenic and anthropogenic hydrocarbons to secondary organic aerosol at a southeastern US location

An organic tracer-based method containing laboratory and field study components was used to estimate the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) contributions of biogenic and anthropogenic hydrocarbons to ambient organic carbon (OC) concentrations in PM2.5 during 2003 in Research Triangle Park, NC. In the laboratory, smog chamber experiments were conducted where isoprene, α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, and toluene were individually irradiated in the presence of NOX. In each experiment, SOA was collected and analyzed for potential tracer compounds, whose concentrations were used to calculate a mass fraction of tracer compounds for each hydrocarbon. In the field, 33 PM2.5 samples were collected and analyzed for (1) tracer compounds observed in the laboratory irradiations, (2) levoglucosan, a biomass burning tracer, and (3) total OC. For each of the four hydrocarbons, the SOA contributions to ambient OC concentrations were estimated using the tracer concentrations and the laboratory-derived mass fractions. The estimates show SOA formation from isoprene, α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, and toluene contributed significantly to the ambient OC concentrations. The relative contributions were highly seasonal with biomass burning in the winter accounting for more than 50% of the OC concentrations, while SOA contributions remained low. However, during the 6-month period between May and October, SOA from the precursor hydrocarbons contributed more than 40% of the measured OC concentration. Although the tracer-based method is subject to considerable uncertainty due to the simplification of replacing the complex set of chemical reactions responsible for SOA with a laboratory-derived single-valued mass fraction, the results suggest this approach can be used to identify major sources of SOA which can assist in the development of air quality models.
Flow structure and scaling laws in lateral wing-tip blowing

When a thin jet sheet exits from the tip of a straight wing in the spanwise direction, the wing experiences a lift augmentation. In many cases, lateral blowing causes a lateral displacement of the tip vortices, without complicating the vortex structure. In such cases, simple scaling laws for blowing intensity and lift augmentation have been found to hold. However, in some instances blowing also produces secondary vortices, which sometimes are associated with a breakdown of the scaling laws. Flow surveys for several tip jet configurations giving rise to multiple-vortex structures were conducted in a low-speed wind tunnel. An analysis of the near wake structure in such cases indicated that the presence of strong secondary vortices provided the mechanism for the scaling-law breakdown.
Toward a synthesis of paradigms for decision support

Over the past half-century, the study of human decision making has evolved from dry philosophy into a diverse set of experimentally-tested, behavior-centered theories. However, the sheer volume of disciplines and sub-disciplines-and the often-esoteric debates that divide them-threaten to obscure the very real advances that have been made in modeling human decision making. This paper, giving preliminary analysis from a longer study,[1] begins to address the "so-what" factor in decision making theory, specifically as related to Air Force modeling, simulation, and decision-support needs. While a general consensus is forming on how humans make decisions (descriptive), there are still major conflicts on how humans should make decisions (normative), and by extension, how human decision making can be improved (prescriptive). The first half of this paper surveys modern decision science, focusing on two of the most influential sub-disciplines: the heuristics & biases paradigm (HBP) and the naturalistic paradigm (NP). The second half of this paper will attempt to sketch out a normative/prescriptive synthesis between the two schools, and chart implications for design of decision support.
Principles of Ultrasonic Droplet Size Determination in Emulsions

Instruments based on ultrasonic spectrometry are becoming increasingly popular for determining the droplet size distribution of emulsions. They have major advantages over alternative technologies because they are capable of analyzing emulsions which are concentrated and optically opaque, without disturbing the sample. This article reviews the physical principles of ultrasonic particle sizing, the experimental methods commonly used to make ultrasonic measurements, and the mathematical equations used to convert ultrasonic measurements to droplet size distributions. Ultrasonic spectrometry is compared to other particle-sizing techniques so that colloid scientists can decide whether it is suitable for their particular application.
Solidification structures in melt-spun and pulsed laser-quenched Cu-Ti alloys

Abstract A variety of structures obtained in melt-spun and pulsed laser irradiated Cu-Ti alloys is reported. It is shown that a hierarchy of crystal structures is observed in any given liquid-quenched alloy, depending upon the rate of cooling and the technique used. When the cooling rate is sufficiently high, only a single phase structure of the same composition as the quenched liquid is found to “compete” with glass formation, both in eutectic regions and in single phase regions of the phase diagram. The crystal structure which occurs together with glass on the Ti-rich side of the glass forming composition range when the alloys are subjected to a melt spinning treatment, is very similar to the equilibrium body centered tetragonal Cu2Ti (14/mmm) crystal structure. The crystal structure which occurs at all compositions together with glass after laser irradiation involving an estimated cooling rate of 1010 K/s, is the f.c.c. crystal structure based on pure Cu. The average size of the f.c.c. crystals is about 100A. Their number is greatest near the self-substrate and diminishes with distance towards the free surface. The determined average lattice parameters (Seitz radii) of the f.c.c. structures appear to be larger by about 13% when compared with predicted lattice parameters based on a hypothetical linear Vegard's Law. The glass forming ability concept (GFA) of alloys in the Cu-Ti system is considered from a new point of view and is related to the ratio T g T n , where Tg is the glass transition temperature and Tn is the nucleation temperature of the structure competing with glass formation. In this formulation the GFA is a variable parameter depending on the composition, the cooling rate and the nature of the rapid cooling process used to quench the liquid alloys from the melt.
Use of time-lapse imaging and dominant negative receptors to dissect the steroid receptor control of neuronal remodeling in Drosophila.

During metamorphosis, the reorganization of the nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster proceeds in part through remodeling of larval neurons. In this study, we used in-vitro imaging techniques and immunocytochemistry to track the remodeling of the thoracic ventral neurosecretory cells. Axons of these neurons prune their larval arbors early in metamorphosis and a larger, more extensive adult arbor is established via branch outgrowth. Expression of EcR dominant negative constructs and an EcR inverted repeat construct resulted in pruning defects of larval axon arbors and a lack of filopodia during pruning, but showed variable effects on outgrowth depending on the construct expressed. Cells expressing either UAS-EcR-B1 W650A or UAS-EcR-A W650A lacked filopodia during the outgrowth period and formed a poorly branched, larval-like arbor in the adult. Cells expressing UAS-EcR-B1 F645A , UAS-EcR-B2 W650A or UAS-IR-EcR (core) showed moderate filopodial activity and normal, albeit reduced, adult-like branching during outgrowth. These results are consistent with the role of activation versus derepression via EcR for successive phases of neuronal remodeling and suggest that functional ecdysone receptor is necessary for some, but not all, remodeling events.
Alpha and Gamma Tocopherols in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum from Older, Male, Human Subjects

Objective: The major forms of vitamin E in human physiological fluids are alpha and gamma tocopherols which exhibit different biological activities under a variety of assay conditions. The goal of this study was to obtain indirect information about the transport of tocopherols across the blood/spinal fluid barrier by comparing the concentrations of alpha and gamma tocopherols in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).Methods: CSF and serum samples were obtained simultaneously from 28 human, male subjects excluding those with known pathology during the performance of spinal anesthesia procedures. The samples were centrifuged and frozen, and analyzed for tocopherols by HPLC with electrochemical detection.Results: The concentrations of alpha and gamma tocopherols in CSF correlated significantly with their respective concentrations in serum. This would be expected since these nutrients have to be supplied by diet to serum followed by transport to the brain. The ratios of alpha to gamma tocopherols in the CSF and...
Congenital absence of the pituitary gland.

Summary This is the third reported case of absence of the pituitary gland with death in the neonatal period. The clinical course in all 3 cases consisted of cyanosis and apnea with death in the first 19 hours of life. The autopsy showed changes in the thyroid, adrenal, and testes and demonstrated the dependence on the pituitary for development of these glands.
Legal Consciousness in Medieval Indian Narratives

In this essay, we make a case for reading narratives from the great story collections of medieval India as evidence of legal consciousness. We attempt to redirect the largely empirical approach of legal consciousness studies toward the literary and historical analysis of Sanskrit texts. In so doing, we move beyond a legal history of India that focuses too narrowly on the texts of Sanskrit jurisprudence. We conclude that such analysis provides insight into both the literarily constructed image of law as the hegemonic domain of elite Brahmins and kings and the assumptions and awareness of law and legal procedure among ordinary people in this historical context.
The Engineering Aspects of a UHF Booster Installation

The object of this project was to examine the use of a booster to fill in the area inadequately covered by the primary station. A complete booster equipment including antennas and amplifier was installed and field tested at Vicksburg, Mississippi, 35 miles distant from the primary station WJTV, Channel 25, Jackson, Mississippi.
Lipoatrophic diabetes: Endocrine dysfunction and the response to control of hypertriglyceridemia

Abstract Endocrine function was studied in a 24 year old female with lipoatrophic diabetes (LD). Baseline endocrine studies (serum triglycerides: 2600 mg/dl) demonstrated hyperprolactinemia (serum prolactin 51 ng/ml), increased ACTH levels, absence of suppression of ACTH to a high dose of dexamethasone which suppressed serum cortisol normally and, hyperresponsiveness of TSH to stimulation with TRH. Thyroid hormone levels (total and free fraction) were essentially normal. Major metabolites of thyroid hormone (T3, rT3, 3, 3′− T2, and 3′, 5′−T2 were also normal and exhibited a normal response to the administration of L-thyroxine and propylthiouracil. Exchange of 84% of the patient's plasma resulted in a decrease in serum triglycerides (700 mg/dl) which was followed by a rebound to the original level in seven days. After the sixth plasmapheresis serum triglycerides stabilized at less than 1000 mg/dl. Plasmapheresis was associated with the appearance of amenorrhea and galactorrhea; also hypertension and proliferative retinopathy developed during this therapy. Repeat endocrine function studies (serum triglycerides: 700 mg/dl) showed a further rise in serum prolactin (>160 ng/ml), persistence of abnormal ACTH secretion and normalization of TSH responsiveness. Lipoatrophic diabetes is associated with abnormal central endocrine function but appropriate peripheral target gland secretion. A course of plasmapheresis improves the hypertriglyceridemia but not the endocrine dysfunction. In this patient with LD the most important side effect of plasmapheresis was the development of cardiovascular complications.
Identification of metabolites of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in rats.

Liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (LC/ECD) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were used to identify metabolites of N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA) in samples of rat plasma and urine. Several potential metabolites, based on what is known about the metabolism of the desmethyl analog (i.e., MDA), were synthesized as standards to aid in the identification of the MDMA metabolites. MDA and N-methyl-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-aminopropane (3b) were identified in urine by HPLC and confirmed by GC/MS. 1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methyoxyphenyl)2-aminopropane, (3a), N-methyl-1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane (2b) and 1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane (4a) were tentatively identified by LC/ECD but insufficient sample size precluded confirmation by mass spectrometry. MDA was also identified in brain and plasma extracts. Because MDA is a metabolite of MDMA in humans, and because it has been speculated that the neurotoxic effects of MDA and MDMA may be due to a metabolite, the results of the present study may ultimately aid our understanding of the neurotoxic mechanism of these drugs of abuse.
Finite size scaling and the QCD high temperature phase transition

Abstract The finite temperature QCD phase transition has been studied for quite some time, first in the pure gluon sector and more recently with dynamical fermions. In some cases, there has been considerable controversy about the order of the transition. A careful finite size scaling analysis is necessary in such cases. We present finite temperature investigations of QCD with zero, two and four flavors of quarks.
Mutagenic potency of some conjugated nitroaromatic compounds and its relationship to structure.

Abstract The mutagenicities of 12 conjugated non-fused nitroaromatic compounds and 1 amino analogue were determined in strains TA100 and TA98 of Salmonella typhimurium . Reversions by p -nitroaromatics increased in the order of the acetophenone, benzaldehyde, styrene, chalcone, cinnamic acid and stilbene indicating the importance for mutagenic potency of extended conjugation to the p -nitrophenyl substituent. Highest mutagenicity was found with α-substituted 4-nitrostyryl derivatives of which the phenyl derivative (31 revertants per nmole in TA100) was the most active. Generally, the TA100 strain was more sensitive than TA98 to these mutagens and S9 treatment was unnecessary for activity, although 4-nitrochalcone required S9 activation. Para -nitro isomers of the cinnamic acids and chalcones were much more active than the corresponding ortho and meta isomers. The 4-aminocinnamic acid analogue was inactive suggesting that complete reduction in Salmonella of 4-nitrocinnamic acid to an active amino derivative is not response for the high mutagenicity of the former. Mutagenicity of these p -nitrostyryl compounds may be explained by the covalent interaction of the electrophilic benzylic carbon with Salmonella DNA.
Progress in molecular modelling of DNA materials

The unique molecular recognition properties of DNA molecule, which store genetic information in cells, are responsible for the rise of DNA nanotechnology. In this article, we review the recent adva...
Evolution of a polysulfone nanofiltration membrane following ion beam irradiation.

Ion beam irradiation was used to modify the surface of a sulfonated polysulfone water treatment membrane. A beam of 25 keV H+ ions with four irradiation fluences (1 × 1013, 5 × 1013, 1 × 1014, and 5 × 1014 ions/cm2) was used to study the effects of ion beam irradiation on chemical structure, surface morphology, microstructure, and performance. XPS and ATR-FTIR analyses were performed on the virgin and irradiated membranes in order to determine the changes to chemical structure incurred by ion beam irradiation. The results showed that some sulfonic and C−H bonds were broken and new C−S bonds were formed after irradiation. AFM analysis showed that the roughness of the membranes decreased after irradiation, and the decrease in surface roughness was proportional to the increase in irradiation fluence. An increase in flux after ion beam irradiation was also observed along with a smaller flux decline during operation. Flux was not a function of irradiation fluence. Hydrophobicity, pore size distribution, and me...
Avalonian (Pan-African) mylonitic deformation west of Boston, U.S.A.

Abstract West of Boston, Mass., Castle and others (1976) recognized an up to 5km wide, possibly folded, NE-SW trending Burlington Mylonite Zone. We have extended mapping south into Natick and Framington quadrangles, and supplemented it by fixing local directions of tectonic motion, which are more variable than reported by Goldstein (1989). In Natick the mylonite zone is partly migmatized and converted into blastomylonites, forming the lithodemic Rice Gneiss and is intersected by the Dedham Granite dated ca 630 Ma. The granite also invades deformed, folded, and commonly mylonitized Westboro Quartzite. Thus mylonitization, folding, and formation of migmatitic blastomylonites are all earlier than ca 630 Ma, and can collectively be attributed to the main phase of the Avalonian orogeny that in Africa is referred to as the Pan-African I. The sense of movements in the Rice Gneiss is generally sinistral strike-slip with a NE-SW trend of foliation. Other local mylonites have more variable directions of motion. A narrower E-W zone of mylonitization has been recognized by Grimes (M.S. thesis 1993, Boston College) and named the Nobscot Shear Zone. It affects the Milford Granite, also about 630 Ma in age, while similar but narrow shear zones affect other local granites including the Dedham. These zones, dipping steeply north and including the Nobscot, are less intensely mylonitized and are not associated with migmatites. Their age is not known, but since they affect only Precambrian rocks, they are assumed to be late Proterozoic. We attribute these zones to the second stage of the Avalonian or the Pan-African II. The older rocks west of Boston are widely affected by numerous brittle faults. These are all of unknown age, but probably Phanerozoic. The most significant brittle fault in the Burlington area is the mid to late Paleozoic Bloody Bluff Fault. We do not associate large scale mylonitization with that fault, because the mylonites are commonly cut by undeformed or little deformed Siluro-Devonian gabbro-diorites.
The effect of radiographic contrast agents on bleeding time and platelet aggregation

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of relatively small amounts of radiographic contrast agents may impair hemostasis. Before and after injection of contrast agents, we measured the template bleeding time, platelet count in whole blood and platelet-rich plasma, platelet aggregation induced by epinephrine and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and percent disaggregation of ADP-induced platelet aggregates in platelet-rich plasma of 18 patients. Ten patients received 50-100 ml of sodium iothalamate (66.8%) for intravenous urography and 8 patients received 125-200 ml of a combination of meglumine diatrizoate (66%) and sodium diatrizoate (10%) for coronary angiography and left ventriculography. Neither group demonstrated a statistically significant mean difference (p greater than 0.05) for any parameter measured before and after administration of the contrast agents. However, 2 patients who received diatrizoate had lengthening of their bleeding times to greater than twice the baseline value without any change in in vitro platelet aggregation. Physicians should be aware of this potential cause of bleeding which could be of particular danger to patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass with its inherent hemostatic defects.
Ultrasonic cavijty preparation: histopathologic survey of effects on mature and developing dental tissues

The histopathologic effects of ultrasonic cavity preparation in permanent teeth (human) and in permanent, deciduous and underlying permanent teeth of primates were studied. The response in the pulp was mild and generally indicated a reversible reaction, in all aspects comparable to the response caused by rotary technics. No evidence was found of any pathologic condition in the supporting structures nor was aberration ar dysplasia seen in growing structures or tissues. Pulp response to the cutting of dentin cannot be distinguished according to the instrument which does the cutting.
Development of an Empirical Model to Estimate Real-World Fine Particulate Matter Emission Factors: The Traffic Air Quality Model

The purpose of the study was to quantify the impact of traffic conditions, such as free flow and congestion, on local air quality. The Borman Expressway (I-80/94) in Northwest Indiana is considered a test bed for this research because of the high volume of class 9 truck traffic traveling on it, as well as the existing and continuing installation of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) to improve traffic management along the highway stretch. An empirical traffic air quality (TAQ) model was developed to estimate the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emission factors (grams per kilometer) based solely on the measured traffic parameters, namely, average speed, average acceleration, and class 9 truck density. The TAQ model has shown better predictions that matched the measured emission factor values more than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-PART5 model. During congestion (defined as flow-speeds 80 km/hr [50 mi/hr]), the TAQ model was conservative in that it overpredicted the measured values by 1.5-fold.