cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Need for susceptibility testing guidelines for fastidious or less-frequently isolated bacteria

In the United States, clinical microbiology laboratories rely upon the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) for written standards that guide the important elements of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Whether a laboratory performs a direct version of an NCCLS standard method (e.g., disk diffusion) or uses a commercial device that has been “cleared” by the Food and Drug Administration because it provides results that are essentially equivalent to the NCCLS reference dilution susceptibility method, the NCCLS standards provide important, up-to-date guidance on the most relevant drugs to report on specific organisms, quality control ranges to assure reproducible results, and “breakpoints” to interpret disk diffusion zones or MICs.
Using Geometric Models to Develop a Pattern for the Lower Bodice

This exploratory research was intended to develop and test a pattern for the lower front bodice based upon quasi-conic surfaces having a hyperelliptical cross section. Data came from measurements of rigid body forms and from somatographs of these forms. Patterns calculated and plotted by computer were compared with patterns draped on the body forms. Experimental patterns based on rectangular cross sections were used to explore further the geometric nature of the body forms. Although reasonably good fit was obtained for some forms, quality of fit was limited by difficulties in obtaining consistent data from measurements and somatographs. Analysis of patterns generated helped to explain some limitations of using angle measurements from somatographs for pattern alteration.
The Specificity of Immunophenotypic Alterations in Blasts in Nonacute Myeloid Disorders

Data regarding flow cytometry (FC) in nonacute myeloid disorders is confounded by variable gating strategies and controls limited to normal bone marrow (BM) samples. Blasts in diagnostic BM samples of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), and chronic myelomonocytic leukemias (CMMLs) were compared with 20 nonneoplastic cytopenias/cytoses (CCs) and negative staging BM samples using 4-color FC. Blasts in 10 of 20 CCs showed immunophenotypic differences vs control samples. Immunophenotypic alterations were identified in 18 of 21 MDSs, 11 of 14 MPNs, and 7 of 7 CMMLs vs control samples and 13 (62%) of 21 MDSs, 7 (50%) of 14 MPNs, and 3 (43%) of 7 CMMLs vs CCs. Neoplastic-specific blast immunophenotypic changes included expression of CD7, CD11b, CD15, CD36, and CD56; CD34 overexpression; HLA-DR variability; lack of CD13 and CD33; underexpression of CD13, CD33, CD45, and HLA-DR; and partial loss of CD13, CD33, CD38, and CD117. In all cases, blasts were CD34+. Several blast immunophenotypic alterations are shared in neoplastic and nonneoplastic BM samples. Approximately 40% to 60% of neoplastic BM samples exhibited aberrancies not seen in reactive BM samples.
Initialized decadal climate model projects reduced future warming

Punctuating the long-term trends of global climate change are transient shifts driven by decadal or interannual natural variability. For instance, in the 1970s the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation switched from its negative to positive mode, a change that spurred a surge in Pacific—and thereby global average—temperatures. In the 2000s the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation reversed, cooling the Pacific and stalling the rise of the global average temperature.
Physical fitness, self-esteem, and attitudes toward physical activity.

Abstract A total of 165 adolescent boys took measures of physical fitness, general self-esteem, and attitudes toward physical activities. High-fit compared to low-fit boys were higher in self-estimates of physical ability (P < .007) and self-reported attraction to physical activities (P < .007) but not significantly different in general self-esteem nor in reported extent of participation in voluntary physical activities. In addition significant correlations were observed between self-estimates of physical ability and attraction to physical activity, and between attraction to physical activity and extent of voluntary participation in physical activity.
The Future of 401(K) Plan Fees

There were 47 million participants in 401(k) plans in 2005, up from just 8 million in the 1980s. More than 90 percent of 401(k) plan participants can choose how to invest their accounts, and nearly half invest in stock funds. That's a lot of money and a lot of investors. At bottom, the investment industry makes a very healthy living off other people's money. This chapter considers how plan sponsors, plan participants, and government regulators can get control over 401(k) fees. At the outset, Section 2 provides an overview of the fees and costs that can arise in connection with a typical 401(k) plan. Next, Section 3 outlines the statutory and regulatory systems that regulate these costs and offers a simple example to highlight some of the major concerns about fees. Section 4 then discusses most recent developments relating to the regulation of 401(k) fees. Finally, Section 5 offers some concluding remarks about how we can get control over 401(k) plan fees and costs.
Treatment of a Chronic Multidrug-Resistant Cutaneous Mycobacterium chelonae Infection of the Hand with Wide Debridement and Skin-Grafting: A Case Report.

Case: We present a case of a healthy thirty-seven-year-old woman with a chronic cutaneous Mycobacterium chelonae infection of the hand recalcitrant to antibiotics and excisional biopsies. She was treated with wide excision of the lesion and staged full-thickness skin-grafting. At the sixth-month follow-up, she reported no activity limitations and demonstrated full painless digital motion without evidence of recurrent infection. Conclusion: The technique presented offers the advantage of early digital range of motion with temporary soft-tissue coverage prior to definitive coverage with a full-thickness skin graft while laboratory analysis is performed.
Consumption and the Problem of Time

The author discusses the ways in which time enters into consumers’ product choices, how the consumer perceives the time involved in these choices, and the significance of adding consideration of time for marketing. Time is a neglected dimension in the study of consumer behavior in this article. The implications of time for marketing strategy are described, and new ways to look at both products and markets are suggested.
Application of the Flexible CO2 Laser in Minimally Invasive Laminectomies: Technical Note

Background Minimally invasive laminectomy is a very effective surgical method for treating lumbar stenosis. However, this technique can be technically difficult, especially in patients suffering from severe stenosis. The contralateral decompression from a unilateral approach can result in durotomy during removal of the hypertrophied ligamentum flavum. This complication can be difficult to treat through a small working channel. Objective To detail our group’s operative experience with the CO2 laser and discuss our results and previous studies in the literature reporting results. Methods The CO2 laser (Omniguide, Boston, MA) was investigated in the surgical ablation of the contralateral ligamentum flavum during minimally invasive laminectomies. Forty levels have been investigated thus far. The amount of voltage needed to adequately desiccate and remove the ligamentum flavum safely as well as the effectiveness of this technique were investigated. Results The contralateral ligamentum flavum could be removed effectively using the 9 to 11 watt continuous wavelength (10,600 nanometer) power setting on the CO2 laser. Shrinkage of the contralateral ligamentum flavum facilitated its removal using a number 2 Kerrison Punch. No durotomies occurred, and the use of the laser did not significantly lengthen operative times. Conclusions The CO2 laser appears to be a useful tool in the armamentarium of instruments available to the minimally invasive spine surgeon and may help to reduce the incidence of durotomies when performing minimally invasive laminectomies.
Litigation as a Strategy to Overcome Monopolistic Inefficiency in Sports

Prior work has identified welfare problems with monopoly sports leagues that are not governed by a residual claimant: In addition to standard effects of allocative and distribute inefficiency, these leagues often reach sub‐optimal results because of bargaining costs and information problems that distort the results because of a governance structure reflecting parochial stakeholder interests. This paper hypothesizes that leading sports law cases can be viewed as strategic attempts to overcome information and bargaining costs to improve upon sub‐optimal league decisions and facilitate efficient ones. A case study approach is used to identify different ways in which litigation can be used in this manner. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phylogenetic relationships within the tropical clade of Orobanchaceae

The tropical clade of Orobanchaceae contains approximately forty genera, typically with fewer than ten species each, and contributes significantly to the variation in floral morphology found within the family. Despite the economic importance of this clade, which contains three of four most important genera of crop parasites within the family, it has been under-sampled in previous phylogenies. We tested the monophyly of the tropical clade and its major genera using DNA sequences from the nuclear (internal transcribed spacer) and plastid (rpl16, trnT-L) genomes. The tropical clade was strongly supported as mono- phyletic in all analyses, and four main clades were recovered. The earliest diverging lineage from the remainder of the tropical clade is comprised of the shrubby genera Asepalum and Cyclocheilon, previously placed within Cyclocheilaceae. The atypical holoparasitic Alectra alba was shown to belong within the primarily holoparasitic Harveya, and the hemiparasitic Harveya obtusifolia was shown to belong to an otherwise holoparasitic lineage within Harveya. Both New World Melasma species were included here for the first time, and these were shown to be more closely related to the Neotropical hemiparasitic Escobedia than the African Melasma lineage. These results support a previous study recognizing Nesogenes within the tropical clade of Orobanchaceae rather than the separate family Nesogenaceae.
Current Developments in RNA Sequence Analysis.

field with online, open access to highly relevant scholarly articles by leading international researchers. In a field where the literature is ever-expanding, researchers increasingly need access to up-to-date, high quality scholarly articles on areas of specific contemporary interest. This supplement aims to address this by presenting high-quality articles that allow readers to distinguish the signal from the noise. The editor in chief hopes that through this effort, practitioners and researchers will be aided in finding answers to some of the most complex and pressing issues of our time. At the discretion of the guest editors other articles on other relevant topics within the scope of the supplement may be included. This supplement is intended to focus on RNA sequence analysis. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following: Data preprocessing and mappingHybrid Computing § § Gene expression § § Novel genes and transcripts discovery and De novo § § transcript assembly Alternative splicing § § RNA editing § § Single nucleotide variation discovery § § Fusion gene detection § § Coexpression networks § § Pathway and master regulator analysis § §
Racial ‘Othering’: ‘Manufacturing Difference’

In both Early America and Nazi Germany, each nation-state constructed a hierarchical social structure, using ‘race’ as the primary organizing principle for society and based on a racial worldview founded on notions of racial ‘difference’ and ‘otherness’. In both cases, specific historical and cultural contexts nourished ideas of racial ‘difference’, promoted racial ideologies (linked with territorial expansion), and offered up racial worldviews supporting the alleged ‘superiority’ of the ‘white’/‘Aryan’ races and their ‘right’ and ‘duty’ to subjugate ‘inferior’ ‘natives’ in the new ‘living space’ of the ‘American West’ and the ‘Nazi East’. A race-centred worldview, in both cases, gained increased power and influence from specific political developments. In pre-Civil War Early America, the Jeffersonian and Jacksonian political elites (mostly politicians from the south and west who benefited from territorial expansion as well as the extension of slavery) occupied the White House and directed the course of American continental imperialism. In Germany, the Nazi ascension to power in 1933 guaranteed that a race-centred worldview (as expressed in Hitler’s Mein Kampf) would be a driving force behind the empire-building and ‘racial cleansing’ at the heart of the Nazi agenda. The Early American ‘western empire’ and the Nazi-German ‘eastern empire’ involved the ‘racial remaking’ of ‘living space’, both in the metropole and in the colonial territories. Thanks to this process of racial ‘othering’, both ‘ordinary’ Americans and ‘ordinary’ Germans developed a deep-seated sense of belonging to a ‘superior’ and privileged collective, feelings that would render most of them ‘indifferent’ to the fate of allegedly ‘inferior’ peoples.
Blood Oranges: Colonialism and Agriculture in the South Texas Borderlands. By Timothy Paul Bowman. Foreword by Sterling Evans.

Blood Oranges: Colonialism and Agriculture in the South Texas Borderlands. By Timothy Paul Bowman. Foreword by Sterling Evans. (College Station: Texas A&M Press, 2016. Ix + 266 pp. Illustrations, map, notes, bibliography, index. $43.00) Using the framework of internal colonization, Timothy Paul Bowman explains the dramatic growth of agriculture in South Texas. In the early decades of the 20th century, emigrants to the region from the Midwest transformed sparsely populated ranch land in to citrus groves. This development created an internal caste system that subjugated the local Mexican American and Mexican populations for decades, and altered the demographics, politics, and environment of the region. The book opens with background on the region as it transitioned from Mexican … megan.birk{at}utrgv.edu
Biocorona Bound Gold Nanoparticles Augment Their Hematocompatibility Irrespective of Size or Surface Charge

Despite colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNP) being proposed for a multitude of biomedical applications, there is a lack of understanding on how the protein corona (PC) formation over AuNP influences its interaction with blood components. Herein, 40 and 80 nm AuNP with branched polyethylenimine, lipoic acid, and polyethylene glycol surface coatings were exposed to human plasma, and time-dependent evolution of the PC was evaluated using differential centrifugation sedimentation. Further, the impact of PC-AuNP interaction with human blood components was studied by evaluating red blood cell (RBC) aggregation, hemolysis, platelet activation and aggregation, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, complement activation and cytokine release. In contrast to bare AuNP, PC-coated AuNP exhibited enhanced compatibility with RBC, platelets, and lymphocytes. More importantly, PC-AuNP did not activate the platelet coagulation cascade or complement system or elicit an immune response up to a relatively hi...
Lactate inhibits Ca2+-activated Ca2+-channel activity from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum

Favero, Terence G., Anthony C. Zable, David Colter, and Jonathan J. Abramson. Lactate inhibits Ca2+-activated Ca2+-channel activity from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. J. Appl. Physiol. 82...
Was FARC militarily defeated

The concept of military victory has become opaque and quite different from the days of the industrial wars. Full military victory through total annihilation of the enemy has yielded to more complex...
An evaluation of seven methods for controlling mountain laurel thickets in the mixed-oak forests of the central Appalachian Mountains, USA

In the Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America, mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia) thickets in mixed-oak (Quercus spp.) stands can lead to hazardous fuel situations, forest regeneration problems, and possible forest health concerns. Therefore, land managers need techniques to control mountain laurel thickets and limit their deleterious effects. From 2001 to 2009, I compared the effectiveness of seven understory management techniques (two chemical, two fire, two mechanical, and an untreated control) for reducing mountain laurel thickets. All of the methods except the control decreased mountain laurel coverage for at least 2 years and facilitated establishment of oak seedlings and other hardwood reproduction. However by the fifth year, the mountain laurel thickets had nearly redeveloped and the reproduction of several other hardwood species were outgrowing the oak seedlings. Additionally, all of the methods had operational issues that limited their effectiveness. Research into broadcast herbicides that kill the mountain laurel long-term and prevent redevelopment is needed as none of the techniques tested in this study provided effective control beyond a few years.
Revised taphonomic perspective on African Plio–Pleistocene fauna

A recent article in PNAS by Sahle et al. (1) entitled “Hominid butchers and biting crocodiles in the African Plio–Pleistocene” is an important contribution to our theoretical and methodological approaches to human origins research. It emphasizes the problem of equifinality in prehistoric studies (different agencies producing the same or similar results or end products), cutmarks from stone tools and toothmarks from crocodiles on fossil bones in this case. The pioneering taphonomic work of Brain (2, 3) in South Africa was a brilliant combination of experimental work, such as feeding carcasses and bones to carnivores (hyaena and leopard) and rodents (porcupine); actualistic studies examining animal bone remains of Hottentot settlements (modified by humans and their dogs); and examination of fossil bone assemblages from paleoanthropological fossil sites (Swartkrans, Sterkfontein, Makapan, and Kromdraai). This has set a methodological standard for paleoanthropologists to strive for and refine. In the mid-1980s, Tim White and I undertook a world survey of bone surface modification of hominid fossils from Africa, Europe, and Asia to evaluate evidence of possible hominid aggression and/or cannibalism. We encountered a myriad of marks on hominid bones that appeared to include those produced by carnivore toothmarks, stone tool cutmarks, rodent gnaw-marks; “random striae” (marks with little patterning that suggested modification from trampling/sediment abrasion); and postfossilization modification of bone from excavation, preparation, and the use of measuring tools (e.g., metal calipers and craniometers). This was well before any major appreciation of the potential role that … [↵][1]1Email: toth{at}indiana.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
SoyTSN: A web-based prediction tool for soybean tissue specific network within SoyKB

Soybean tissue-specific network helps identify and visualize the gene-gene relationships in various tissues [1]. We have built SoyTSN, a web-based tool for tissue-specific network prediction in soybean using 14 tissues RNA-Seq datasets including flower, root, nodule, leaf, stem, seed, etc. SoyTSN first combines multiple tissue specific RNA-Seq studies, and later Cross-Conditions Cluster Detection (C3D) algorithm [2] was applied to detect modules based on co-expression relationships across all the tissues. Following this soybean tissue-specific interactomes were inferred by combining tissue-specific expression and protein-protein interaction from the STRING database [3]. All these relationships between various soybean genes were collected and stored in Soybean Knowledge Base (SoyKB)[4] and can be queried using SoyTSN. For every query gene, SoyTSN computes and visualizes any of the 14 tissue specific networks both at the expression and interactome level. Users can compare the gene-gene relationship differences at different confidence levels across all the soybean tissues.
A double dynamic fast algorithm to solve multi-vehicle Dial a Ride Problem

Abstract In this work a two level heuristic algorithm is described for a nearly real-time multi-vehicle many-to-many Dial-A-Ride Problem (DARP). This algorithm is ready to support a Demand Responsive Transportation System in which we face the problem of quickly evaluate a good-quality schedule for the vehicles and provide fast response to the users. The insertion heuristic is double dynamic nearly real-time and the objective function is to minimize the variance between the requested and scheduled time of pickup and delivery. In the first level, after a customer web-request, the heuristic returns an answer about the possibility to insert the request into the accepted reservations, and therefore in a vehicle schedule, or reject the request. In the second level, during the time elapsed between a request and the following, and after a reshuffling of the order of the incoming accepted requests, the same heuristic works for the whole set of accepted requests, trying to optimize the solution. We intensively tested the algorithm with a requests-generating software that has allowed us to show the competitive advantage of this web-based architecture.
Mathland: Constructionist Mathematical Learning in the Real World Using Immersive Mixed Reality

Mathematical experiences are intrinsic to our everyday lives, yet mathematics education is mostly confined to textbooks. Seymour Papert used the term ‘Mathland’ to propose a world where one would learn mathematics as naturally as one learns French while growing up in France. We built a Mixed Reality application that augments the physical world with interactive mathematical concepts to enable constructionist mathematical learning in the real world. Using Mathland, people can collaboratively explore, experience and experiment with mathematical phenomena in playful, applied and exploratory ways. We implemented Mathland using the Microsoft Hololens and two custom controllers to afford complete immersion through tangible interactions, embodiment and situated learning. Our preliminary study with 30 participants shows that a considerable percentage of participants found Mathland to not only be engaging (83%), but also efficacious in the areas of collaborative learning (92.8%), problem solving (96.6%) and mathematics education (90%).
Variational Data Analysis Versus Classical Data Analysis

In (1) and (2) we have proposed a new theory of classification called the S theory. This theory contains the family of the Scaldiscal classification criteria which can handle both quantitative and categorical data as a generalization of the new Condorcet classification criterion which can only handle categorical data. This Scaldiscal classification criteria family is itself a particular case of the variational criteria family we are going to see now in the general framework of Variational Analysis. Compared to the classical classification criteria, the variational classification criteria have two important advantages detailed in the S theory. They can be optimized in an order n (in terms of memory space and elementary operations), n being the number of elements to classify. They can be used for truly automatic classification since their optimization leads to a non-obvious partition when the optimization of classical classification criteria, like the within class inertia criterion, leads to an obvious and uninteresting partition. For these reasons variational classification criteria seem to be a nice substitute to classical classification criteria.
Avoidant Personality Disorder and its Relationship to Social Anxiety Disorder

This chapter is a review of the empirical literature on the relationship of avoidant personality disorder (APD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD). Research reviewed included comorbidity, longitudinal treatment outcome, statistical analysis of social anxiety symptoms in large populations and genetic findings. APD is found to be an internally consistent personality disorder that can be reliably measured. APD causes morbidity through interfering with social interactions and may affect such important life parameters as dating, marriage, friendship and employment. APD is also relatively common in general and clinical populations. This prevalence and morbidity make it an appropriate focus of clinical treatment. APD and SAD share symptoms (differing only in severity), are responsive to the same pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions and seem to be identical genetically. The best conceptualization is that SAD is a milder variant of APD and that they are the same disease. The DSM diagnoses of SAD and APD have gradually moved closer together and currently there are no specific distinguishing features of the two disorders found.
The Problem of Futile Cycles in Metabolic Flux Modeling: Flux Space Characterization and Practical Approaches to Its Solution

In the past decade, metabolic flux modeling has been established as an important technique to elucidate detailed snapshot information on a complex cellular system. The basis of such modeling is flux balance analysis, which can identify the optimal flux distribution of a particular phenotype of the system based on physicochemical properties. However, characterization of the functional states of a large-scale system can yield alternate optimal solutions (AOS) and the resultant flux distributions are commonly obscured with the presence of futile cycles in a complex system. Here, we review the current flux modeling techniques for characterization of multiple equally valid cellular phenotypes and explore the fundamentals of the occurrences of futile cycles in a system. We consider that most of the futile cycles are by-products of the numerical techniques and are not biologically relevant. In order to tackle the problem of cycles, we present some rational approaches to efficiently eliminate the meaninglessly high flux values arising from the presence of the cycles, without degrading the functional states of systems. Our novel methods discussed here only use the known stoichiometry of the network and are straightforward to apply.
Long-time molecular dynamics simulations on massively parallel platforms: A comparison of parallel replica dynamics and parallel trajectory splicing

Molecular dynamics (MD) is one of the most widely used techniques in computational materials science. By providing fully resolved trajectories, it allows for a natural description of static, thermodynamic, and kinetic properties. A major hurdle that has hampered the use of MD is the fact that the timescales that can be directly simulated are very limited, even when using massively parallel computers. In this study, we compare two time-parallelization approaches, parallel replica dynamics (ParRep) and parallel trajectory splicing (ParSplice), that were specifically designed to address this issue for rare event systems by leveraging parallel computing resources. Using simulations of the relaxation of small disordered platinum nanoparticles, a comparative performance analysis of the two methods is presented. The results show that ParSplice can significantly outperform ParRep in the common case where the trajectory remains trapped for a long time within a region of configuration space but makes rapid structural transitions within this region.
Aggressive or partnership strategy: Which choice is better for the national brand?

Abstract Following the increasing popularity of private brands, national brands׳ manufacturers are using many strategies either to counter the threat of these brands or to collaborate with retailers. We investigate the benefit of using national brand׳s advertising (the aggressive strategy) that hurts the private label׳s demand over using national brand׳s revenue sharing (the partnership strategy) that fosters collaboration between the retailer and the national brand׳s manufacturer. We compare each strategy to the benchmark case where none of these strategies is used and where both brands (national and private brands) are offered through a unique retailer. We find that when the national brand׳s revenue sharing is implemented, the manufacturer and the whole chain are gaining compared to the benchmark case but the retailer is always losing. Thus, a profit sharing mechanism is needed to split the increased profit and achieve a Pareto result for all channel members. Furthermore, although the strategy of national brand׳s advertising is always beneficial to the manufacturer, it is not beneficial to the whole channel when the private label has low differentiation. Finally, the retailer could benefit from national brand׳s advertising depending on the private label׳s concept and other factors.
History, Microdata, and Endogenous Growth

The study of economic growth is concerned with long-run changes, and therefore, historical data should be especially influential in informing the development of new theories. In this review, we dra...
Demystifying “localness” of infrastructure assets: Crowdfunders as local intermediaries for global investors:

Infrastructure assets are networked, urban products that can only be understood through their social, economic, and physical geographies. Because of this, they remain difficult to value and monitor...
Plant Hormones Differentially Control the Sub-Cellular Localization of Plasma Membrane Microdomains during the Early Stage of Soybean Nodulation

Phytohormones regulate the mutualistic symbiotic interaction between legumes and rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria, notably by controlling the formation of the infection thread in the root hair (RH). At the cellular level, the formation of the infection thread is promoted by the translocation of plasma membrane microdomains at the tip of the RH. We hypothesize that phytohormones regulate the translocation of plasma membrane microdomains to regulate infection thread formation. Accordingly, we treated with hormone and hormone inhibitors transgenic soybean roots expressing fusions between the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and GmFWL1 or GmFLOT2/4, two microdomain-associated proteins translocated at the tip of the soybean RH in response to rhizobia. Auxin and cytokinin treatments are sufficient to trigger or inhibit the translocation of GmFWL1 and GmFLOT2/4 to the RH tip independently of the presence of rhizobia, respectively. Unexpectedly, the application of salicylic acid, a phytohormone regulating the plant defense system, also promotes the translocation of GmFWL1 and GmFLOT2/4 to the RH tip regardless of the presence of rhizobia. These results suggest that phytohormones are playing a central role in controlling the early stages of rhizobia infection by regulating the translocation of plasma membrane microdomains. They also support the concept of crosstalk of phytohormones to control nodulation.
Lean and deep models for more accurate filtering of SNP and INDEL variant calls

Summary We investigate convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for filtering small genomic variants in short-read DNA sequence data. Errors created during sequencing and library preparation make variant calling a difficult task. Encoding the reference genome and aligned reads covering sites of genetic variation as numeric tensors allows us to leverage CNNs for variant filtration. Convolutions over these tensors learn to detect motifs useful for classifying variants. Variant filtering models are trained to classify variants as artifacts or real variation. Visualizing the learned weights of the CNN confirmed it detects familiar DNA motifs known to correlate with real variation, like homopolymers and short tandem repeats (STR). After confirmation of the biological plausibility of the learned features we compared our model to current state-of-the-art filtration methods like Gaussian Mixture Models, Random Forests and CNNs designed for image classification, like DeepVariant. We demonstrate improvements in both sensitivity and precision. The tensor encoding was carefully tailored for processing genomic data, respecting the qualitative differences in structure between DNA and natural images. Ablation tests quantitatively measured the benefits of our tensor encoding strategy. Bayesian hyper-parameter optimization confirmed our notion that architectures designed with DNA data in mind outperform off-the-shelf image classification models. Our cross-generalization analysis identified idiosyncrasies in truth resources pointing to the need for new methods to construct genomic truth data. Our results show that models trained on heterogenous data types and diverse truth resources generalize well to new datasets, negating the need to train separate models for each data type. Availability and implementation This work is available in the Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) with the tool name CNNScoreVariants (https://github.com/broadinstitute/gatk). Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The acute toxicity of water hemlock (Cicuta douglasii) in a goat model.

Abstract Water hemlock (Cicuta douglasii) is one of the most toxic plants to livestock and humans. Little is known regarding the amount of plant required to cause death. The objective of this study was to determine a lethal dose of water hemlock in a goat model. Plants were dosed to goats via oral gavage of freeze-dried ground plant material. The results from this study suggest that 1–2 fresh tubers would be lethal to goats.
IT'S IN THE DIFFERENTIAL: MASSIVE PULMONARY EMBOLISM PRESENTING AS ANTERIOR STEMI

The ECG in acute pulmonary embolism (PE) can simulate that of STEMI A 69-year old woman presented with chest pressure and a prehospital ECG showing anterior ST elevation. Repeat ECG also suggested anterior STEMI (fig. A). The patient was hypotensive (86/61 mmHg) and bradycardic (pulse 44/min). She
Racial Disparities in Diagnosis of Concussion and Minor Head Trauma and Mechanism of Injury in Pediatric Patients Visiting the Emergency Department.

Objective To determine if racial/ethnic differences exist in the diagnosis and mechanism of injury among children and adolescents visiting the emergency department (ED) for concussion and minor head trauma (MHT). Study design A retrospective, cross-sectional study of patient (age ≤19 years) visits to the ED for concussion between 2010-2015, using the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, was completed. The primary study exposure was race/ethnicity. Outcome measures included ED visits that resulted in a concussion/MHT diagnosis and mechanism of injury. Mechanism categories included sport, motor vehicle collision, fall, assault, and other mechanism. A multivariable logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression were conducted to assess relationships between race/ethnicity and outcomes. Findings were weighted to reflect population estimates. Results In total, 1263 child/adolescent visits for concussion/MHT were identified, representing an estimated 6.6 million child/adolescent visits nationwide. Compared with non-Hispanic White pediatric patients, non-Hispanic Black patients were least likely to have an ED visit for a concussion/MHT (P Conclusions Amid the emerging focus on sport-related concussion, these ethnic/racial differences in ED diagnosis of concussion/MHT demonstrate sociodemographic differences that warrant further attention. Assault may be a more common mechanism of concussion among children/adolescents of a racial minority.
Understanding the Implications of Partnerships in Vocational Correctional Education Programs: A Case Study of the Relationship between A Community College and County Sheriff’s Department

With the recent approval of the Second Chance Pell Program and a proposal to reauthorize the Higher Education Act, a shift is occurring in favor of expanding educational opportunities to incarcerat...
Parkinsonism in viral, paraneoplastic, and autoimmune diseases

Abstract Secondary parkinsonism, namely parkinsonism due to causes other than idiopathic neurodegeneration, may have multiple etiologies. Common secondary etiologies of parkinsonism such as drug-induced or vascular etiologies are well documented. Other secondary causes of parkinsonism such as infectious (mainly viral and prion-like diseases), autoimmune (systemic/drug-induced) and paraneoplastic etiologies are rare but are a topic of increasing interest. Older examples from the existing literature demonstrate the intricacies of viral infection from the last pandemic of the 20th century on the development of hypokinetic symptoms experienced in post-encephalitic patients. Viral and prion-like infections are only part of a complex interplay between the body's immune response and aberrant cell cycle perturbations leading to malignancy. In addition to the classic systemic autoimmune diseases (mainly systemic lupus erythematosus – SLE, and Sjogren syndrome), there have been new developments in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic as well as more prominent use of immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of solid tumors. Both of these developments have deepened our understanding of the underlying pathophysiologic process. Increased awareness and understanding of these rarer etiologies of parkinsonism is crucial to the modern diagnostic evaluation of a patient with parkinsonian symptoms as the potential treatment options may differ from the conventional levodopa-based therapeutic regimen of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. This review article aims to give an up-to-date review of the current literature on parkinsonian symptoms, their pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, and available treatment options. Many potential future directions in the field of parkinsonian conditions remain to be explored. This article is part of the Special Issue "Parkinsonism across the spectrum of movement disorders and beyond" edited by Joseph Jankovic, Daniel D. Truong and Matteo Bologna.
Pharmacists’ perspectives on collaborating with community health workers in diabetes care

Abstract Objectives To qualitatively assess pharmacists' perspectives on the barriers and facilitators of collaborating with community health workers (CHWs) when caring for patients with diabetes. Methods Eight pharmacists were invited to participate in a focus group. All pharmacists had worked with CHWs for 12 months as part of a larger study. Seven pharmacists participated in a single focus group while one pharmacist participated in an individual interview. Data were analyzed by two investigators to identify common themes. Results Perceived barriers included issues associated with maintaining patient confidentiality, pharmacists' level of comfort with CHWs, uncertainty about CHW roles, and inconsistent communication between pharmacists and CHWs. However, pharmacists reported that the care model fostered improvement in patient–pharmacist communication, patient adherence to medication, and assessment of patients' overall condition. Conclusion Pharmacists expressed positive attitudes and experiences in working with CHWs caring for a minority patient population with poorly controlled diabetes. Most believed that CHWs acted as facilitators and aided them in producing positive clinical outcomes by addressing the multiple psychosocial and contextual dimensions of patient health. Developing approaches for more frequent and effective communication between pharmacists and CHWs was the primary perceived challenge.
Nonmyeloablative Stem Cell Transplantation with Alemtuzumab/Low-Dose Irradiation to Cure and Improve the Quality of Life of Adults with Sickle Cell Disease

Abstract Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is rarely performed in adult patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). We utilized the chemotherapy-free, alemtuzumab/total body irradiation 300 cGy regimen with sirolimus as post-transplantation immunosuppression in 13 high-risk SCD adult patients between November 2011 and June 2014. Patients received matched related donor (MRD) granulocyte colony–stimulating factor–mobilized peripheral blood stem cells, including 2 cases that were ABO incompatible. Quality-of-life (QoL) measurements were performed at different time points after HSCT. All 13 patients initially engrafted. A stable mixed donor/recipient chimerism was maintained in 12 patients (92%), whereas 1 patient not compliant with sirolimus experienced secondary graft failure. With a median follow-up of 22 months (range, 12 to 44 months) there was no mortality, no acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and no grades 3 or 4 extramedullary toxicities. At 1 year after transplantation, patients with stable donor chimerism have normalized hemoglobin concentrations and improved cardiopulmonary and QoL parameters including bodily pain, general health, and vitality. In 4 patients, sirolimus was stopped without rejection or SCD-related complications. These results underscore the successful use of a chemotherapy-free regimen in MRD HSCT for high-risk adult SCD patients and demonstrates a high cure rate, absence of GVHD or mortality, and improvement in QoL including the applicability of this regimen in ABO mismatched cases (NCT number 01499888).
7.4.2 The Systems Engineering Started in the Middle Process

The systems engineering process often begins somewhere in the middle of a project. Naturally, the systems engineering process should be different for a project where systems engineering starts in the middle versus a project where it starts at the beginning of the project. This paper presents a consensus of senior systems engineers at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory about how systems engineering should be done when it starts in the middle.
The Differentiation of a Cell Sorting Mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum. (cell sorting mutant/cell marker/lineage tracer/Dictyostelium discoideum/cellular slime mold)

As a result of transfecting Dictyostelium discoideum with an actin 6/lacZ fusion transgene, strain HW80 was created which expresses the β-galactosidase gene product uniformly throughout development. When mixed with an excess of unmarked wild-type cells, however, HW80 cells selectively migrate to the positions of anterior-like cells surrounding the prespore cell mass, and differentiate as if they were anterior-like cells. As the proportion of HW80 cells is increased, they also sort to positions adjacent to anterior-like cells and some differentiate as prespore cells. Thus sorting of HW80 cells toward the opposite ends of the prespore cell zone supersedes how they differentiate, suggesting that position influences whether cells differentiate as anterior-like or prespore cells.
Selection criteria and preoperative investigation of patients with focal epilepsy who lack a localized structural lesion

Children with medically resistant epilepsy are often referred for surgical evaluation. The absence of a specific focal lesion on MRI may render the work-up difficult. In response to the need to localize the primary area of epileptogenesis, surgery protocols are being developed which rely on clinical semiology, EEG and functional imaging data. In selected cases, intracranial EEG monitoring may be required. While testing more often depends on the convergence of modalities, it is possible to localize seizure origin in the majority of children, and fully excise the epileptogenic region. This review presents the etiology and preoperative modalities available for children with intractable, non-lesional epilepsy.
Murphy vs. Domino in Florida's 18th Congressional District: A Case Study in Localizing Congressional Elections to Survive a Political Wave

The 2014 Midterm Elections saw Republicans sweep the House of Representatives and retake the United States Senate. This paper examines how select Democrats survived this wave election by analyzing the case of Florida's 18th Congressional District, Patrick Murphy (D-Incumbent) vs Carl Domino (R). The analysis uses descriptive statistics of the district as well as precinct and county election results from 2012 and 2014 in order to show change in the political success of the Democrat Murphy. It then uses advertisement data and campaign finances, as well as personal interviews to find a reason for the change. The author concludes that a focus on the localization of district issues created a variety of effects that both aided Murphy and harmed the challenger Domino in 2014. This chain reaction, including the interaction between local and national politics and parties, would come to define the success of Democrats in the 2014 Midterms.
Use of School Nurse Services Among Poor Ethnic Minority Students in the Urban Pacific Northwest

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine whether patterns in student use of school nurse services existed according to poverty, race, and ethnicity. Design and Sample: Cross-sectional descriptive study of 51,767 visits to school nurses made by 12,797 middle and high school students was conducted. Data were collected and analyzed by race, ethnicity, and poverty. Measures: Individual-level quantitative data on student visits to school nurses were collected via the School Nurse Entry Database. Numbers and types of student visits were measured, along with the demographic characteristics of student visitors. Results: Poverty was the largest driver of visits to school nurses among all racial and ethnic groups. Poverty was a larger influence on White students' use of services, suggesting that factors related to race, ethnicity, or culture may have larger effects on promoting visits to school nurses by students of color. Subethnic Asian and Hispanic groups showed visit patterns that deviated from aggregated visit rates. Conclusions: Knowledge of visit patterns among poor, ethnic, and subethnic populations is important—and particularly urgent with the advent of national health reform—in informing and improving public health and school nursing policy and practice.
Effects of Voluntary Immigration on the Distribution of Autobiographical Memory over the Lifespan

Immigration may be considered a 'traumatic' event with acute phases followed by long latency effects. Ten older, Hispanic adults who immigrated to the USA at ages 20-22, 24-28, and 34-35 narrated their 'life-stories' on two occasions, once in English and once in Spanish. Instead of the usual reminiscence bump they showed an increase in autobiographical recalls corresponding specifically to their ages at immigration. Each of the narrated life stories was independently coded for amount of detail, emotional valence, status as transitional event, and backward/forward search strategy. Memories for the time of immigration did not differ from other memories on any of these ratings. Increased recall for the period of immigration may be due to the encoding of novel events and the 'effort after meaning' required to integrate these events followed by a relatively stable period (settlement) marked by release from proactive interference and spaced rehearsal. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
Emotional Imagery: Assessing Pleasure and Arousal in the Brain's Reward Circuitry

Research on emotional perception and learning indicates appetitive cues engage nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), whereas amygdala activity is modulated by the emotional intensity of appetitive and aversive cues. This study sought to determine patterns of functional activation and connectivity among these regions during narrative emotional imagery. Using event-related fMRI, we investigate activation of these structures when participants vividly imagine pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant scenes. Results indicate that pleasant imagery selectively activates NAc and mPFC, whereas amygdala activation was enhanced during both pleasant and unpleasant imagery. NAc and mPFC activity were each correlated with the rated pleasure of the imagined scenes, while amygdala activity was correlated with rated emotional arousal. Functional connectivity of NAc and mPFC was evident throughout imagery, regardless of hedonic content, while correlated activation of the amygdala with NAc and mPFC was specific to imagining pleasant scenes. These findings provide strong evidence that pleasurable text-driven imagery engages a core appetitive circuit, including NAc, mPFC, and the amygdala.