cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GluR5,6,7 subunit immunoreactivity on apical pyramidal cell dendrites in hippocampus of schizophrenics and manic depressives

Recent postmortem studies have suggested that changes in the regulation of kainate-sensitive glutamate receptors (kainate receptors) in the hippocampus may play a role in schizophrenia. To explore this possibility further, the distribution of immunoreactivity (IR) for the GluR5,6,7 subunits of the KR was assessed in a cohort consisting of 15 normal controls, 15 schizophrenics, and 9 manic depressives matched for age and postmortem interval (PMI). Cross sections of hippocampus showed abundant GluR5,6,7-IR on apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons in the stratum radiatum and stratum moleculare. In normal controls, both the numerical and length density of IR dendrites were much higher in sector CA2 than in sectors CA3 or CA1. When data for the individual groups were separately examined, the schizophrenics showed a 30–35% reduction in the density of GluR5,6,7-IR dendrites found in both stratum radiatum and stratum moleculare of sectors CA3 and CA2, as well as proximal and middle portions of CA1. In CA2, the magnitude of this decrease in schizophrenia was 2.5 times larger than that seen in any of the other sectors. For the manic depressive group, no significant differences were observed in any sectors or laminae examined. The potential confounding effects of either age, PMI, or neuroleptic exposure do not explain the reduced density of IR dendrites detected in the schizophrenic group. Taken together, the preferential reduction of GluR5,6,7-IR observed on apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons is consistent with a functional downregulation of the kainate receptor in the hippocampus of schizophrenic brain. Hippocampus 2001;11:482–491. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Preferences of hens for shape and size of roosts

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the shape and size of roost preferred by broiler breeder hens. The effect of roost position upon roosting frequency within the experimental chamber was also evaluated. Roosting behavior was determined from time-lapse videotapes. In Experiment 1, hens of two genotypes, with different degrees of experience with roosts were evaluated for shape of roost preference. Four shapes (square, round, flat and peaked) of wooden roosts were presented simultaneously to each group of hens. Roost use was recorded for four 24-h periods with each roost shape in a different position during each period. In Experiment 2, the previously naive hens of Experiment 1 were used to determine roost preferences in terms of size. Three sizes (5.0 cm, 3.8 cm, and 2.5 cm in diameter) of metal pipes were simultaneously presented to each group of hens, and roost use was recorded for three 24-h periods with each roost size in a different position during each period. The square- and round-shaped roosts ranked first and second, in terms of use, in all of the trials. The square-shaped roost was ranked first in the groups of New Hampshire hens which had been previously exposed to square roosts only, while the round-shaped roost was ranked first in the Columbian Plymouth Rock groups which had no previous experience. The peaked roosts were used least by all the groups of hens tested. Roost use as a percent of total time, was 33.9% and 54.7% in roost-experienced (New Hampshire) and roost-naive (Columbian Plymouth Rock) hens, respectively. Hens strongly selected the 5.0 cm in diameter roosts over 3.8 cm and 2.5 cm in diameter roosts. It is concluded that hens prefer roosts that are large rather than small, and square or round rather than triangular in shape.
Simultaneous detection of multiple adulterants in dry milk using macro-scale Raman chemical imaging

Abstract The potential of Raman chemical imaging for simultaneously detecting multiple adulterants in milk powder was investigated. Potential chemical adulterants, including ammonium sulphate, dicyandiamide, melamine, and urea, were mixed together into skim dry milk in the concentration range of 0.1–5.0% for each adulterant. Using a 785-nm laser, a Raman imaging system acquired hyperspectral images in the wavenumber range of 102–2538 cm −1 for a 25 × 25 mm 2 area of each mixture sample, with a spatial resolution of 0.25 mm. Self-modelling mixture analysis (SMA) was used to extract pure component spectra, by which the four types of the adulterants were identified at all concentration levels based on their spectral information divergence values to the reference spectra. Raman chemical images were created using the contribution images from SMA, and their use to effectively visualise identification and spatial distribution of the multiple adulterant particles in the dry milk was demonstrated.
Comparative toxicity of seventeen pesticides to the Quelea, house sparrow, and red-winged blackbird.

Abstract The acute po LD 50 values of 17 commercial or experimental pesticides were determined for quelea ( Quelea quelea ), house sparrows ( Passer domesticus ), and red-winged blackbirds ( Agelaius phoeniceus ), and the acute dermal LD 50 values for quelea and house sparrows. Close correlations suggested that po toxicity data for red-winged blackbirds and dermal toxicity data for house sparrows can be used as preliminary indicators of po and dermal toxicity to quelea, respectively.
A morphologic study of Fluorogold labeled tensor tympani motoneurons in mice.

Abstract The tensor tympani is one of two middle ear muscles that regulates the transmission of sound through the middle ear. Contraction of the tensor tympani in response to both auditory and non-auditory stimulation is mediated by the tensor tympani motoneurons (TTMNs). There are interesting differences among species in the acoustic thresholds for contraction of the middle ear muscles, which may be a reflection of underlying anatomical differences such as the number of TTMNs. However anatomical data for mice are lacking, even though the mouse is becoming the most common animal model for auditory and neuroscience research. We investigated the number and morphology of TTMNs in mice using Fluorogold, a retrograde neuronal tracer. After injections of Fluorogold into the tensor tympani muscle, a column of labeled TTMNs was identified ventro-lateral to the ipsilateral trigeminal nucleus. The labeled TTMNs were classified according to their morphological characteristics into three subtypes: “octopus-like”, “fusiform” and “stellate”, suggesting underlying differences in function. All three subtypes formed sparsely branched and radiating dendrites, some longer than 600 μm. Dendrites were longest and most numerous in the dorso-medial direction. In 18 cases, the mean number of mouse TTMNs was 51; the largest numbers were 70, 74 and 90 ( n = 3 injections). The mean size of mouse TTMNs was 13.0 μm (minor axis) and 23.5 μm (major axis). Compared with studies of TTMNs in larger species (cats and rats), mouse TTMNs are both fewer in number and smaller in size.
Implementation of a subgradient projection algorithm II

This paper discusses the implementation of a subgradient projection algorithm due to Sreedharan [13] for the minimization, subject to a finite number of smooth, convex constraints, of an objective function which is the sum of a smooth, strictly convex function and a piecewise smooth convex function. Computational experience with the algorithm on several test problems and comparison of this experience with previously published results is presented.
Pulmonary artery rupture during cardiopulmonary bypass

B ALLOON-TIPPED flotation catheters are commonly used in the perioperative management of cardiac surgical patients. Pulmonary artery rupture is a rare but often fatal complication. The majority of pulmonary artery perforations associated with the use of these catheters have occurred in the perioperative period of cardiac surgical patients. 1'2 In a prospective study by Shah et al 2 involving over 6,000 patients, intrapulmonary hemorrhage occurred in four (0.064%) patients. Three of the four patients were anticoagulated and on cardiopulmonary bypass. Of the four patients who suffered this complication, one (25%) died. The overall mortality rate in their series for all patients with pulmonary artery catheters was 0.016%. McDaniel 3 reported three out of 1,500 patients (0.2%) with catheter-induced pulmonary artery rupture. All three patients were anticoagulated. Hannan et al 4 reviewed 28 case reports of catheter-induced pulmonary artery rupture and reported a mortality rate of 75% in anticoagulated patients with an overall mortality rate of 46%. Although the incidence of pulmonary artery rupture is low, the mortality is high especially in anticoagulated patients. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential for patient survival. This is a report of a case of perforation of a pulmonary artery in an anticoagulated cardiac surgical patient before coming off cardiopulmonary bypass, which necessitated an emergency right middle lobectomy. The diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of pulmonary artery rupture as a result of pulmonary artery catheterization are also discussed.
Who leaves the emergency department without being seen? A public hospital experience in Georgetown, Guyana

Left without being seen (LWBS) proportions are commonly used as quality control indicators, but little data is available on LWBS proportions in the developing world. This study sought to determine the proportion and characteristics of patients who LWBS from the emergency department (ED) of the main public hospital in Georgetown, Guyana. This is a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of an ED quality assurance database. Registration personnel collected demographic information on patients presenting to the ED over a 2-week period in July 2010. Both univariate and multivariate analysis were conducted to determine patient characteristics associated with LWBS. The LWBS proportion was 5.7%. In univariate analysis, patients 18 or older (OR 1.48, 95%CI 1.03-2.12), presenting during the 4PM-12AM shift (OR 2.15, 95%CI 1.53-3.01), with non-urgent triage classification (OR 1.88, 95%CI 1.76-4.66), with non-traumatic chief complaints (OR 1.70, 95%CI 1.14-2.55), or who were not transferred (OR 2.13, 95%CI 1.00-4.55) had significantly higher odds of LWBS. On multivariate analysis, only patients 18 or older (OR 1.54, 95%CI 1.02-2.33), presenting during the 4PM-12AM shift (OR 2.29, 95%CI 1.54-3.40), and with non-traumatic chief complaints (OR 2.39, 95%CI 1.43-4.02) were found to be significantly associated with LWBS. Sex, residence in the capital city, time to triage, transfer status, use of EMS, and triage classification were not statistically associated with LWBS. LWBS proportions are used as quality control indicators and this study determined the LWBS proportion at a public hospital in a developing country and some of the patient characteristics associated with LWBS. This can be helpful to develop strategies to decrease LWBS proportions and to assess progress over time.
Enantiomerically Pure trans-β-Lactams from α-Amino Acids via Compact Fluorescent Light (CFL) Continuous Flow Photolysis

Photolysis of α-diazo-N-methoxy-N-methyl (Weinreb) β-ketoamides derived from enantiomerically pure (EP) α-amino acids affords the corresponding EP β-lactams via an intramolecular Wolff rearrangemen...
14-day and 90-day toxicity studies of C.I. Pigment Red 3 in Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice.

Treatment of F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice with C.I. Pigment Red 3 in the diet (10, 5.0, 2.5, 1.25, 0.6 or 0.3%) for 14 and 90 days resulted in haematological alterations consistent with haemolytic anaemia. Rats appeared to be more sensitive than mice to the haematological effects. Histological lesions were observed in rats and mice after exposure for 90 days. Target organs in the rat were the spleen, bone marrow, liver and kidney. Lesions in the spleen consisted of a haematopoietic cell proliferation, iron-positive pigment and congestion of the red pulp, and inflammation of the splenic capsule. Changes in the livers of rats consisted of haematopoietic cell proliferation and iron-positive pigment in Kupffer cells. Haematopoietic cell proliferation also occurred in the bone marrow of treated rats. The presence of iron-positive pigment and a slightly increased incidence of protein casts were seen in the kidney. Target organs in mice were the spleen, liver and kidney. Histological lesions in mice after exposure for 90 days included increased haematopoietic cell proliferation in the liver and spleen, and iron-positive pigment in the spleen. Mild cytomegaly of the renal tubular epithelia was also observed in exposed mice.
A 2D solid-state NMR experiment to resolve overlapping aromatic resonances of thiophene-based nematogens.

In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of resolving overlapping 13C chemical shift spectral lines of aromatic rings in a thiophene-based nematogen in the mesophase using a 2D PITANSEMA solid-state NMR method. This technique provided the information about chemical shift values as well as dipolar couplings that are used for determining the orientational order parameter. Large C−H dipolar coupling values measured for thiophene in contrast to phenyl rings suggest that the heterocyclic ring is not part of the molecular axis. Using the order parameter, we determined the orientation of C−H vectors of the thiophene ring. We believe that the 2D solid-state NMR can be extended to other types of liquid crystalline materials such as the banana-based mesogens for determining the orientational order and bent angle.
Variation tolerant design of a vector processor for recognition, mining and synthesis

Variations have emerged as one of the most significant challenges facing the design of integrated circuits in nanoscale technologies. As a consequence, variation tolerant design has become essential at all levels of design abstraction. In this work, we investigate the design of a variation tolerant vector processor for applications from the emerging domains of recognition, mining and synthesis (RMS). We demonstrate how leveraging domain-specific application and architectural characteristics can lead to new and highly effective variation tolerance mechanisms. A predominant fraction of the processing elements in the target processor perform vector reduction operations, which leads to two key properties that we exploit for variation tolerance. First, the circuit delay of a processing element can be bounded a few cycles in advance based on its micro-architectural state. Second, vector reduction operations may be decomposed by performing operations on smaller vectors and combining the partial results. These properties allow us to create a joint hardware-software variation tolerance mechanism, wherein the hardware is enhanced with the ability to predict timing errors during the execution of vector instructions and effectively pre-empt their occurrence, while software is tasked with restoring the correct outputs. We enhance the proposed scheme with a dynamic voltage control mechanism that further improves energy efficiency by exploiting variations in data characteristics seen across different applications. Our experiments on six RMS applications demonstrate that the proposed variation tolerant design technique achieves an average of 32% energy improvement over a traditional guardband based design.
Antitumor efficacy of conventional anticancer drugs is enhanced by the vascular targeting agent ZD6126.

Abstract Purpose: The present report reviews the preclinical data on combined chemotherapy/vascular targeting agent treatments. Basic principles are illustrated in studies evaluating the antitumor efficacy of the vascular targeting agent ZD6126 ( N -acetylcochinol- O -phosphate) when combined with the anticancer drug cisplatin in experimental rodent (KHT sarcoma) and human renal (Caki-1) tumor models. Methods and Materials: C3H/HeJ and NCR/nu-nu mice bearing i.m. tumors were injected i.p. with ZD6126 (0–150 mg/kg) or cisplatin (0–20 mg/kg) either alone or in combination. Tumor response to treatment was assessed by clonogenic cell survival. Results: Treatment with ZD6126 was found to damage existing neovasculature, leading to a rapid vascular shutdown. Histologic evaluation showed dose-dependent morphologic damage of tumor cells within a few hours after drug exposure, followed by extensive central tumor necrosis and neoplastic cell death as a result of prolonged ischemia. ZD6126 doses that led to pathophysiologic effects also enhanced the tumor cell killing of cisplatin when administered either 24 h before or 1–24 h after chemotherapy. In both tumor models, the administration of a 150 mg/kg dose of ZD6126 1 h after a range of doses of cisplatin resulted in an increase in tumor cell kill 10–500-fold greater than that seen with chemotherapy alone. In contrast, the inclusion of the antivascular agent did not increase bone marrow stem cell toxicity associated with this anticancer drug. Conclusion: The results obtained in the KHT and Caki-1 tumor models indicate that ZD6126 effectively enhanced the antitumor effects of cisplatin therapy. These findings are representative of the marked enhancements generally observed when vascular targeting agents are combined with chemotherapy in solid tumor therapy.
SPECIFIC CUTANEOUS REACTIONS AND CIRCULATING ANTIBODIES IN THE COURSE OF LOBAR PNEUMONIA : I. CASES RECEIVING NO SERUM THERAPY.

1. A group of 41 non-serum treated patients with Type I, II or III pneumococcus pneumonia were studied during their disease and convalescence with respect to their skin reactions to specific pneumococcus polysaccharides and, in most instances, for the presence of circulating agglutinins and protective antibodies for all these 3 types. 2. One-half of the Type I and two-thirds of the Type II and Type III recovered cases gave the typical immediate "wheal and erythema" response to the homologous polysaccharide at or about the time of recovery. All cases tested showed protective antibodies and almost all showed agglutinins for the homologous pneumococcus. In the fatal cases, in general, positive cutaneous reactions and circulating antibodies were not obtained. 3. In cases of pneumonia receiving repeated cutaneous inoculations with various types of specific polysaccharide, antibodies for pneumococci differing from the infecting type but corresponding to the types of carbohydrate injected were present 1 week or later after such injections. These heterologous antibodies were most frequently demonstrated for Type II and were probably the result of immunization by means of the cutaneous injections. 4. Positive skin responses to homologous polysaccharides and corresponding circulating antibodies were demonstrated with similar frequency in the first 3 weeks after crisis in patients who had not previously received intracutaneous injections. In such patients heterologous antibodies were rarely found. 5. Typical skin reactions with the specific pneumococcus polysaccharides and mouse protective antibodies were demonstrated independently in a number of hospital patients who had had no recent history of pneumonia. 6. Some patients with demonstrable foci of persistent infection or with latent infections which later proved fatal showed positive cutaneous responses to the homologous type polysaccharide and circulating specific antibodies for the corresponding type. 7. The agglutination test, though less sensitive than the mouse protection test for determining the presence of antibody, has many advantages over the latter and is simplest to use in following the course of the untreated pneumonia.
Resonance Raman enhancement of pyridine on Ag clusters

Abstract Calculation of the dimensionless excited state displacements (ESD) using density functional theory (DFT) was used to estimate the resonance Raman cross sections of pyridine on Ag clusters using the time-correlator formalism. The model systems studied are supermolecules consisting of Ag clusters with bound pyridine, Pyr(Ag) n ( n = 2, 4, 8, 14 and 20). It was found that structural changes in pyridine observed in the ESD for all five Pyr(Ag) n supermolecular clusters were essentially equivalent, and similar to those observed for the strongly allowed 168 nm transition of free pyridine. Enhancements of ∼10 3 –10 6 , were calculated for all Pyr(Ag) n , which is comparable to the overall surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) effect in studies of pyridine on Ag, suggesting that resonance Raman may be a significant contributor to the effect.
Prehistoric Fijian diet and subsistence: integration of faunal, ethnographic, and stable isotopic evidence from the Lau Island Group

Abstract We explore subsistence practices and dietary change on islands in the central Lau Group of Fiji with zooarchaeological methods and stable isotopic analysis of human and animal skeletal material interpreted through an ethnoarchaeological lens. Our dataset combines detailed identifications of fauna, especially fishes, with stable isotopic (δ13C, δ15N) values of human and animal bone collagen and apatite carbonate spanning approximately three thousand years of human occupation on three study islands. Additionally, over fifty inshore and offshore contemporary fishing expeditions were observed on all study islands over a six-year period. We integrate these separate lines of evidence to form robust interpretations of Lauan subsistence patterns over a broad temporal scale. We add to the existing literature on stable isotopic analysis of archaeological bone from Remote Oceania and compare all of these groups through time. Our results indicate that Lauans differentially relied on nearshore reef resources rather than pelagic fishes, and terrestrial endemic species may have served as a portion of the diet during the early prehistoric period. Root crops (e.g., taro, yam) provided the majority of calories to the diet; however, sea grapes likely contributed to the early diet. Our isotopic results differ from previous studies of Fijian diet and that of Remote Oceania at a time of probable marine ecosystem shifts (AD 1300) illustrating diet breadth and variability in subsistence strategies potentially due to climatically influenced resource depletion.
Measurement and Modeling of the Emittance of Silicon Wafers with Anisotropic Roughness

The unpolished surface of crystalline silicon wafers often exhibits non-Gaussian and anisotropic roughness characteristics, as evidenced by the side peaks in the slope distribution. This work investigates the effect of anisotropy on the emittance. The directional-hemispherical reflectance of slightly and strongly anisotropic silicon wafers was measured at room temperature using a center-mount integrating sphere. A monochromator with a lamp was used for near-normal incidence in the wavelength region from 400–1000 nm, and a continuous-wave diode laser at the wavelength of 635 nm was used for measurements at zenith angles up to 60°. The directional emittance was deduced from the measured reflectance based on Kirchhoff’s law. The geometric-optics-based Monte Carlo model that incorporates the measured surface topography is in good agreement with the experiment. Both the experimental and modeling results suggest that anisotropic roughness increases multiple scattering, thereby enhancing the emittance. On the other hand, if the wafer with strongly anisotropic roughness were modeled as a Gaussian surface with the same roughness parameters, the predicted emittance near the normal direction would be lower by approximately 0.05, or up to 10% at a wavelength of 400 nm. Comparisons also suggest that the Gaussian surface assumption is questionable in calculating the emittance at large emission angles with s polarization, even for the slightly anisotropic wafer. This work demonstrates that anisotropy plays a significant role in the emittance enhancement of rough surfaces. Hence, it is imperative to obtain precise surface microstructure information in order to accurately predict the emittance, a critical parameter for non-contact temperature measurements and radiative transfer analysis.
The Effect of d- and l-Thyroxine on Sex Hormone Binding Globulin in Rabbits

Serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentration is increased in patients with thyrotoxicosis. SHBG is also present in rabbit serum, although it does not bind estradiol-17β (E2). Studies were carried out in female rabbits to determine the effects of thyroid hormone on SHBG. Serum concentrations of l-T4 cholesterol, E2, progesterone, free and total testosterone (T), and SHBG were measured in immature female rabbits (8–10 weeks of age). Rabbits were ovariectomized or subjected to sham surgery at puberty (age, 14–16 weeks) and restudied 6 weeks later. Values for serum T4, T, percent free T, free T, E2, progesterone and cholesterol were similar in ovariectomized and sham treated rabbits. Serum SHBG concentration progressively decreased in all rabbits from immaturity to age 20–22 weeks and values remained constant thereafter. Ovariectomy did not affect this age-related decrease in serum SHBG concentration. The 20- to 22-week-old ovariectomized and shamoperated rabbits were treated daily with either 30 μ...
A Remark on Acceptable Sets of Numbers

Two negative results concerning the so-called acceptable sets of numbers are extended to the case or arbitrary context-free languages with the help of conventional analytic techniques.
Applications Of Fiber Optic Sensors In Advanced Engine Controls

Allison Gas Turbine Division of General Motors Corporation is developing fiber optic based turbine engine control systems and has identified key applications to determine fiber optic sensor requirements. Measured parameters, operating ranges, accuracy requirements, environmental constraints, and speed of response are identified and presented for 3 categories of engine/applications, both for today and tomorrow. A review is presented of fiber optic temperature, speed, pressure, position, and flow sensor types and their potential to meet these critical requirements on turbine engines. Key Allison development and test efforts are highlighted.
Increase in plasma phospholipid docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids as a reflection of their intake and mode of administration.

Increase in Plasma Phospholipid Docosahexaenoic and Eicosapentaenoic Acids as a Reflection of their Intake and Mode of Administration
The Fermilab Accelerator control system

Abstract With the advent of the Tevatron, considerable upgrades have been made to the controls of all the Fermilab Accelerators. The current system is based on making as large an amount of data as possible available to many operators or end-users. Specifically there are about 100 000 separate readings, settings, and status and control registers in the various machines, all of which can be accessed by seventeen consoles, some in the Main Control Room and others distributed throughout the complex. A “Host” computer network of approximately eighteen PDP-11/34's, seven PDP-11/44's, and three VAX-11/785's supports a distributed data acquisition system including Lockheed MAC-16's left from the original Main Ring and Booster instrumentation and upwards of 1000 Z80, Z8002, and M68000 microprocessors in dozens of configurations. Interaction of the various parts of the system is via a central data base stored on the disk of one of the VAXes. The primary computer-hardware communication is via CAMAC for the new Tevatron and Antiproton Source; certain subsystems, among them vacuum, refrigeration, and quench protection, reside in the distributed microprocessors and communicate via GAS, an in-house protocol. An important hardware feature is an accurate clock system making a large number of encoded “events” in the accelerator supercycle available for both hardware modules and computers. System software features include the ability to save the current state of the machine or any subsystem and later restore it or compare it with the state at another time, a general logging facility to keep track of specific variables over long periods of time, detection of “exception conditions” and the posting of alarms, and a central filesharing capability in which files on VAX disks are available for access by any of the “Host” processors.
Limitations of the High - Low C - V Technique for MOS Interfaces With Large Time Constant Dispersion

We discuss the limitations of the high-low CV technique in evaluating the interface trap density (DIT) in MOS samples with a large time constant dispersion, as occurs in silicon carbide (SiC). We show that the high-low technique can seriously underestimate DIT for samples with large time constant dispersion, even if elevated temperatures are used to extend the range of validity.
The Isolation of N-Methyl beta-Phenylethylamine from Acacia berlandieri*

The isolation and characterization of a toxic principle from Acacia berlandieri is described. The compound was identified as N-methyl β-phenylethylamine.
Incidental intra-abdominal hernia repair

Abstract 1. 1. The intra-abdominal repair of a femoral or inguinal hernia is advocated for those patients who might be jeopardized by a supplementary hernioplasty at the time of an abdominal operation. 2. 2. Several cases are presented illustrating various end results over a period of nine months to five and one-half years following this method of treatment.
The Impact of Teacher Preparation on Responses to Student Aggression in the Classroom.

Abstract Despite advances in the development and implementation of school-based interventions, aggression in American schools remains a significant problem for educators. The present study examines the influence of teacher preparation on responses to classroom aggression. A sample of 121 teachers employed in 11 public schools across Southwest Virginia completed measures of teaching characteristics and responded to vignettes depicting student aggression. Multiple regression analyses were used to evaluate the process by which teachers respond to classroom aggression, and the moderating influence of teacher training. Results confirmed the importance of prior training in supporting classroom management. Implications are discussed as they relate to relevant models and recent clinical and educational research initiatives.
NMR studies on single crystals of H2: IV. The HD impurity spectrum

Pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance and continuous wave (cw) measurements have been carried out on the proton signal of HD impurities in solid H2 with low concentrations of ortho-H2. The NMR absorption width is found to be appreciably smaller than that calculated for intermolecular interaction with surrounding o-H2 in a rigid lattice, and motional narrowing via exchange is proposed to account for the observations. Detailed studies of the transverse and longitudinal relaxation timesT2 andT1 as a function of pulse width, temperature, magnetic field direction, time effects, and ortho concentrationX are described for four different samples, two of them single crystals. In particular we find thatT2, observed after clustering of the o-H2 singles and pairs at temperatures below ∼0.1 K, is approximately twice as large asT2 at the start of the clustering process. We report the absorption linewidth (πT2)−1 after clustering as a function ofX. The width always decreases withX and the differences between the samples might be accounted for by the crystallization process and the resulting strains. The cw measurements showed a surprising shift in the Larmor frequency between the proton signal of HD and that of the “isolated o-H2” (with no nearest o-H2 neighbors). UnlikeT1 andT2, which are isotropic in the single crystal samples, this shift was found to be anisotropic. The possible origin of this shift is discussed, but no satisfactory conclusions are reached.
Repeat Whole Brain Radiation Therapy with a Simultaneous Infield Boost: A Novel Technique for Reirradiation

The treatment of patients who experience intracranial progression after whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) is a clinical challenge. Novel radiation therapy delivery technologies are being applied with the objective of improving tumor and symptom control in these patients. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical outcomes of the application of a novel technology to deliver repeat WBRT with volume modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and a simultaneous infield boost (WB-SIB) to gross disease. A total of 16 patients were initially treated with WBRT between 2000 and 2008 and then experienced intracranial progression, were treated using repeat WB-SIB, and were analyzed. The median dose for the first course of WBRT was 35 Gy (range: 30–50.4 Gy). Median time between the initial course of WBRT and repeat WB-SIB was 11.3 months. The median dose at reirradiation was 20 Gy to the whole brain with a median boost dose of 30 Gy to gross disease. A total of 2 patients demonstrated radiographic disease progression after treatment. The median overall survival (OS) time from initial diagnosis of brain metastases was 18.9 months (range: 7.1–66.6 (95% CI: 0.8–36.9)). The median OS time after initiation of reirradiation for all patients was 2.7 months (range: 0.46–14.46 (95% CI: 1.3–8.7)). Only 3 patients experienced CTCAE grade 3 fatigue. No other patients experienced any ≥ CTCAE grade 3 toxicity. This analysis reports the result of a novel RT delivery technique for the treatment of patients with recurrent brain metastases. Side effects were manageable and comparable to other conventional repeat WBRT series. Repeat WB-SIB using the VMAT RT delivery technology is feasible and appears to have acceptable short-term acute toxicity. These results may provide a foundation for further exploration of the WB-SIB technique for repeat WBRT in future prospective clinical trials.
Nonbinary Social Choice: An Impossibility Theorem

This paper contains a generalization of the General Possibility Theorem to situations where choice over two-element (more generally "small") sets is not possible. The analysis is developed in terms of the social choice function formulation rather than the social welfare function approach. In this formulation, assumptions concerning the size of sets of feasible alternatives are explicit, allowing the role of these assumptions in inducing impossibility results to be explored.
Fractured condyle in a 3-month-old infant

Abstract A 3-month-old infant sustained trauma to the mandibular symphysis resulting in radiographic evidence of a fracture of the right condylar head. This presented the difficulty of performing a clinical examination and total reliance on history of a trauma and subsequent swelling. Multiple radiographs of the condyles were used to establish the diagnosis and rule out a film artifact. No definitive treatment was required other than muscle exercises and parental instruction as to potential problems.
Angle of tilt and domain structure in dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine multilayers

Abstract A cooperative alignment of lipid chains in dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers was detected by using oriented multilayers containing small amounts of spin-labeled phosphatidylcholine. It is shown that a significant angle of tilt exists along the entire length of the lipid chains in DPPC. This behavior is compared with that of the more complex egg phosphatidylcholine bilayers. The lipid chains do not have the alignment of a single crystal but evidently exist in domains consisting of either clusters within a bilayer or successive layers out of register in the stacked multilayer.
Luminescence of Cu+-β“-alumina

Abstract A series of monovalent copper containing β -alumina single crystals have been prepared by standard ion exchange techniques. The crystals exhibit strong luminescence which we attribute to the 3d 9 4s → 3d 10 interconfigurational transition. The peak wavelength of this transition can be varied by 135 nm by the presence of other cations in the β “-alumina conduction plane, allowing the luminescence to be varied throughout the visible spectrum. Single-pass gain measurements of several of these crystals show gains of the order of 0.1/cm, suggesting the potential use of these materials for solid-state tunable lasers.
Rare-earth-rich metallic glasses. II. Magnetic viscosity

Magnetic viscosity measurements on amorphous ${\mathrm{Tb}}_{75}$${\mathrm{Au}}_{25}$ and ${({\mathrm{Er}}_{65}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{35})}_{90}$${\mathrm{B}}_{10}$ alloys are presented in the temperature range of 1.3 to 30 K. The magnetization in a steady magnetic field is found to follow a logarithmic time dependence for times up to 400 s suggesting a spectrum of activation energies. The magnetic viscosity parameters were used to investigate the temperature dependence of the observed large coercive fields and to study intrinsic temperature and thermal activation effects. It is found that the large change of the coercive field at very low temperatures is mainly due to thermal activation of domains over the energy barriers.
Optimizing antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections in an urban urgent care clinic

OBJECTIVE: To decrease unnecessary antibiotic use for acute respiratory tract infections in adults in a point-of-service health care setting. DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized controlled trial. SETTING: An urban urgent care clinic associated with the major indigent care hospital in Denver, Colorado between October 2000 and April 2001. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: Adults diagnosed with acute respiratory tract infections (bronchitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, and nonspecific upper respiratory infection). A total of 554 adults were included in the baseline period (October to December 2000) and 964 adults were included in the study period (January to April 2001). INTERVENTIONS: A provider educational session on recommendations for appropriate antibiotic use recently published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and placement of examination room posters were performed during the last week of December 2000. Study period patients who completed a brief, interactive computerized education (ICE) module were classified as being exposed to the full intervention, whereas study period patients who did not complete the ICE module were classified as being exposed to the limited intervention. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The proportion of patients diagnosed with acute bronchitis who received antibiotics decreased from 58% during the baseline period to 30% and 24% among patients exposed to the limited and full intervention, respectively (P<.001 for intervention groups vs baseline). Antibiotic prescriptions for nonspecific upper respiratory tract infections decreased from 14% to 3% and 1% in the limited- and full-intervention groups, respectively (P<.001 for intervention groups vs baseline). CONCLUSION: Antibiotic use for adults diagnosed with acute respiratory tract infections can be reduced in a point-of-service health care setting using a combination of patient and provider educational interventions.
Skin necrosis and protein C deficiency associated with vitamin K depletion in a patient with renal failure

Skin necrosis similar to that induced by warfarin was seen in a patient who had never received the drug but who was vitamin K-deficient due to malnutrition and prolonged treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics. He also had end-stage renal failure and was receiving prophylactic subcutaneous heparin therapy because of immobilization. His plasma protein C antigen level and, disproportionately, his plasma protein C functional activity were decreased. Both protein C values improved after vitamin K therapy, discontinuation of heparin, and initiation of hemodialysis. We surmise that skin necrosis occurred as a result of protein C deficiency caused by vitamin K depletion. Production of abnormal (descarboxy) protein C/protein S due to vitamin K deficiency and increased protein C inhibitory activity associated with renal failure and/or heparin administration may have contributed to the clinical picture. This rare but serious complication of a relatively common disorder, viz., vitamin K deficiency, reinforces the importance of vitamin K supplementation in malnourished patients who receive long-term antibiotic maintenance therapy.
Histone acetyltransferase Enok regulates oocyte polarization by promoting expression of the actin nucleation factor spire

KAT6 histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are highly conserved in eukaryotes and have been shown to play important roles in transcriptional regulation. Here, we demonstrate that the Drosophila KAT6 Enok acetylates histone H3 Lys 23 (H3K23) in vitro and in vivo. Mutants lacking functional Enok exhibited defects in the localization of Oskar (Osk) to the posterior end of the oocyte, resulting in loss of germline formation and abdominal segments in the embryo. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that spire (spir) and maelstrom (mael), both required for the posterior localization of Osk in the oocyte, were down-regulated in enok mutants. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that Enok is localized to and acetylates H3K23 at the spir and mael genes. Furthermore, Gal4-driven expression of spir in the germline can largely rescue the defective Osk localization in enok mutant ovaries. Our results suggest that the Enok-mediated H3K23 acetylation (H3K23Ac) promotes the expression of spir, providing a specific mechanism linking oocyte polarization to histone modification.
Management of Complications of Prostate Cancer Treatment

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed noncutaneous cancer in men in the United States. Treatment of men with prostate cancer commonly involves surgical, radiation, or hormone therapy. Most men with prostate cancer live for many years after diagnosis and may never suffer morbidity or mortality attributable to prostate cancer. The short-term and long-term adverse consequences of therapy are, therefore, of great importance. Adverse effects of radical prostatectomy include immediate postoperative complications and long-term urinary and sexual complications. External beam or interstitial radiation therapy in men with localized prostate cancer may lead to urinary, gastrointestinal, and sexual complications. Improvements in surgical and radiation techniques have reduced the incidence of many of these complications. Hormone treatment typically consists of androgen deprivation therapy, and consequences of such therapy may include vasomotor flushing, anemia, and bone density loss. Numerous clinical trials have studied the role of bone antiresorptive therapy for prevention of bone density loss and fractures. Other long-term consequences of androgen deprivation therapy may include adverse body composition changes and increased risk of insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Ongoing and planned clinical trials will continue to address strategies to prevent treatment-related side effects and improve quality of life for men with prostate cancer.
Benchmarking simulation software for use in modeling postal operations

Abstract This paper reports on the second component of a three phase study undertaken for the Canada Post Corporation (CPC) to evaluate and select a commercial simulation package to be used for operational and long-term planning. The formal evaluation process consisted of a hierarchical screening procedure to identify qualified candidates and the development of a comprehensive benchmark model to test each candidate. Of the 172 simulation packages listed in the Directory of Simulation , only three satisfied each of the CPC's highest priority requirements. Data, mail flows, and processing logic associated with operations at the Hamilton, Ontario plant were used to establish the benchmarks and validate the models. This project represents the first time full-scale models have been constructed in parallel to evaluate graphics-based simulation software. Although several economies of scale were realized, the differences in the three packages meant significant duplication. Nevertheless, the CPC felt that the parallel approach would return benefits in the long run and that it was necessary to arrive at a considered decision. A major aim of this paper is to highlight the methodology used in the analysis and to present the lessons learned from the project. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd
Modelling of sloshing modulated angular momentum fluctuations actuated by gravity gradient associated with spacecraft slew motion

Abstract The mathematical formulation of orbital spacecraft sloshing dynamics for a partially filled cryogenic superfluid liquid helium II in a dewar container actuated by the gravity gradient acceleration associated with slew motion is studied. The Advanced X-Ray Astrophysics Facility-Spectroscopy (AXAF-S) spacecraft is chosen as a practical example in this study. Explicit mathematical expressions that manage orbital gravity gradient acceleration associated with the slew motion that is acting on the spacecraft fluid systems are derived. The numerical computation of sloshing dynamics is based on the noninertial frame spacecraft-bound coordinates and the solution of time-dependent three-dimensional formulations of partial differential equations subject to initial and boundary conditions. This study discloses the capillary effect of sloshing dynamics governed liquid-vapor interface fluctuations, angular momentum and moment fluctuations of fluid system, and also bubble mass center fluctuations driven by the gravity gradient acceleration associated with slew motion which affects the stability of the orbital spacecraft fluid system in a microgravity environment.
Effects of the Midspan Arginine on the Interactions between a Solvated Lipid Bilayer and the HIV-1 Gp41 Membrane Spanning Domain

The membrane spanning domain (MSD) of HIV-1 gp41 has been shown experimentally to anchor envelope protein gp41 in the viral membrane and to play a role in fusion/infection. One conserved structural motif of the MSD is a midspan arginine, probably charged, located in the hydrophobic lipid bilayer core. It has therefore been postulated that the positively-charged guanidino sidegroup of the midspan arginine (R694) snorkels to negatively-charged headgroups in the membrane. The configurational differences between the wild-type (WT) MSD and a fusion-impaired mutant (R694L) MSD are studied here using molecular dynamics (MD). The conformational distribution and PMF of the R694L MSD peptide were compared with that of the WT MSD peptide using the technique of metadynamics. The mutant and WT peptides both have stable, alpha-helical conformations. Equilibrium properties of these stable, alpha-helical conformations were studied by long (300ns) MD. The presence of greater water around the C-terminal and the greater tilt of the WT MSD indicates that perhaps a role of the charged midspan arginine is partial solvation of the C-terminal, which may function to hold the viral membrane in a metastable prefusion state.
Race/Ethnicity and Mental Health in the First Decade of the 21st Century:

Recent empirical studies on mental health generally report racial/ethnic differences in depression rates but typically do not control for potential confounding by sample contextual variations in historical epoch, geographical location, and social demography. An empirical study of race/ethnicity differences in psychological distress is reported as an attempt to control these contexts by using a sample that is homogeneous in age, historical epoch, geography, and social demography (954 youth ages 18–19 living in a single, large urban community). No mean differences in psychological distress were observed among four racial/ethnic groups: Asians, African Americans, Latinos, and non-Hispanic Whites. A second analysis compared 17 different racial/ethnic groups defined in terms of family national origin. No differences in psychological distress were found among these groups. The findings are consistent with the view that race/ethnicity itself is not related to disparities in mental health.