cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
African-American adolescent girls' initiation of sexual activity: survival analysis.

Purpose African-American adolescent females tend to initiate participation in sexual activity at an earlier age than Caucasian adolescent females. Early initial participation in sexual activity is associated with increased risk of HIV infection. However, limited prospective data are available on the rate at which African-American adolescent females delay their initial participation in sexual activity. The purpose is to determine low-income, inner-city, African-American adolescent females' survival or continued nonparticipation in sexual activity over a 20-month period and to determine predictors associated with survival. Methods A longitudinal, quasi-experimental research design with multiple data collection points was used. The convenience sample consisted of 396 African-American females with a mean age of 12.4 years (SD = 1.1 years) and their mothers. The adolescents completed questionnaires assessing perceptions of maternal monitoring, HIV transmission knowledge, self-efficacy to refuse sex, intention to refuse sex, and age. Their mothers completed questionnaires assessing perception of maternal monitoring, safer sex self-efficacy, marital status, and educational level. At baseline, the adolescents reported nonparticipation in sexual activity. Survival analysis was conducted to determine the timing and predictors of sexual activity initiation for these adolescents. Findings Of the 396 adolescents, 28.5% did not survive; they participated in sexual activity within the 20-month period. Predictors of non-survival were the adolescents' age, perception of maternal monitoring, and intention to refuse sex. Conclusion Findings suggest interventions that increase maternal monitoring and adolescents' intentions to refuse sex could be beneficial in delaying sexual activity.
Role of claudin-5 in the attenuation of murine acute lung injury by simvastatin.

The statins are now recognized to have pleiotropic properties, including augmentation of endothelial barrier function. To explore the mechanisms involved, we investigated the effect of simvastatin on endothelial cell (EC) tight junctions. Western blotting of human pulmonary artery ECs treated with simvastatin (5 μM) confirmed a significant time-dependent increase (16–48 h) in claudin-5 protein expression compared with controls, without detectable alterations in zonula occludens-1 or occludin. These effects were associated with membrane translocation of VE-cadherin, whereas translocation of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin; silencing RNA) inhibited simvastatin-induced claudin-5 up-regulation. Moreover, simvastatin treatment of ECs induced increased phosphorylation of both FoxO1 and β-catenin, transcriptional regulators of claudin-5 expression mediated by VE-cadherin. Subsequently, we found no effect of claudin-5 silencing on EC barrier protection by simvastatin in response to thrombin stimulation...
A linear approximation model for the parameter design problem

Abstract We consider the problem of minimizing the variance of a nonlinear function of several random variables, where the decision variables are the mean values of these random variables. This problem arises in the context of robust design of manufactured products and/or manufacturing processes, where the decision variables are the set points for various design components. A nonlinear programming (NLP) model is developed to obtain approximate solutions for this problem. This model is based on a Taylor series expansion of the given function, up to its linear term. A case study pertaining to the design of a coil spring is discussed, and its corresponding NLP model is developed. Using this model, a non-inferior frontier curve is obtained that shows the trade-off between the minimum mass of the coil spring and the minimum variance of its performance characteristic. Results of applying the model to three other case studies are also presented.
NMR reveals molecular interactions and dynamics of fatty acid binding to albumin.

Abstract Background The molecular details of fatty acid (FA) interactions with albumin are fundamental to understanding transport in the plasma and cellular utilization of these key nutrients and building blocks of membranes. Scope of review This review focuses on the development and application of NMR methods to study FA binding to albumin [bovine (BSA) and human (HSA)]. The key strategy was to use 13C enrichment of a specific carbon in the FA as a non-perturbing probe to permit visualization of the small ligand complexed to the very large protein. NMR contributions to illuminating molecular interactions and FA dynamics are summarized from three decades of studies. Major conclusions Our early studies detected multiple binding sites that we hypothesized were distinguished because of the unique tertiary structure of the protein in close proximity to the FA labeled carbon in each site. Later crystallographic structures revealed the presence of polar and charged amino acid side chains near the carboxyl carbon of the FA and unique tertiary structures lining all of the FA binding pockets. In collaboration with the crystallography group, several FA sites in the crystalline state were matched with NMR resonances in the solution state. With the newest application of NMR, 2D NMR spectroscopy detected nine binding sites, and three were located in the crystal structure through displacement of drugs with identified sites. General significance NMR spectroscopy utilizing the FA as a probe allows characterization of site-specific interactions, molecular motions within binding sites, the order of filling and removal of FA from sites. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Serum Albumin.
A Spark Protected Ion Source Control and Monitoring System at 1.5 MV

The Heavy Ion Fusion Program at Argonne National Laboratory utilizes a 1.5 MV Xe ion preaccelerator. Reliable beam transport requires accurate measurements and precise control of various ion source parameters. This paper discusses the use of a multiplexed fiber optic data transmission system and low cost digital stepper motors for control functions. Techniques are discussed which allow TTL and CMOS semiconductor circuits to survive the destructive sparks which can occur in the 1.5 MV preaccelerator.
George Berkeley and New World Community

From the days when Christians were identified by the exclamation, “See how they love one another!”, to the present when other sorts of exclamations may be heard, the phenomenon of Christian community has received considerable attention. “From the first century in Rome,” Robert Nisbet has observed, “down to the contemporary works of Maritain, Niebuhr, and Ellul, the search for Christian community has been a crucial element of Western history.” Durkheim, Nisbet adds, found the very origins of religion in “the sense of the sacred community.” Whether as historians of Western history or of church history, we cannot escape the question of community. And whether as citizen or believer, neither can we escape more existential questions suggested in our own land and our own time that relate to the broad theme, “Christianity and Community.”
APPLICATION OF CLAY CATALYSTS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. A REVIEW

(2008). APPLICATION OF CLAY CATALYSTS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. A REVIEW. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 1-65.
Relationships of sonification to music and sound art

The definition of sonification has been reframed in recent years but remains somewhat in flux; the basic concepts and procedural flows have remained relatively unchanged. Recent definitions have focused on the objective the important uses of sonification in terms of scientific method. The full realization of the potential of the field must also include the craft and art of music composition. The author proposes examining techniques of sonification in a two-order framework: direct and procedural. The impact of new technologies and historical roots of that work argues that framing this broad topic should be in terms inclusive of scientific method and craftsmanship and art. The expressive use of sonic time-based data flows needs to be refined and expanded. The unexamined territory of how a broad-based population of listeners on a subjective, as well as objective level needs, have to be included in this new field.
A quality-cost model of in-line inspections for excursion detection and reduction

A methodology for optimized defect excursion (EXR) monitoring is proposed using an economic statistical process control (SPC) model for defect limited yield. The cost of in-line defect inspections is increasing at an exponential rate, particularly for a 300 mm fabrication facility. Therefore, optimized in-line inspection schemes have become more critical for controlling the costs of semiconductor manufacturing. In order to minimize the inspection costs while maintaining acceptable yield, a cost function which incorporates the power of the inspection, the interval between inspections, and the yield impact (cost) is optimized for all inspection locations in a given process flow with a fixed sampling budget. This methodology can be used to allocate inspections based upon the risk of yield excursions at defect limited process layers. This model can also be used to establish quantitative estimates of return on investment (ROI) of inspections to inform decisions regarding purchase of in-line monitoring (ILM) tools or sampling adjustment. A quality-cost model has been derived using the theory of economic SPC, and has been implemented in a high volume CMOS fabrication facility with a high degree of success.
Lipolytic Enzymes in Myxococcus xanthus

The genome of Myxococcus xanthus encodes lipolytic enzymes in three different families: patatin lipases, alpha/beta hydrolases, and GDSL lipases. One member of each family was characterized. The protein encoded by MXAN_3852 contains motifs characteristic of patatins. MXAN_5522 encodes a protein with the G-X-S-X-G motif characteristic of the lipase subfamily of alpha/beta hydrolases. MXAN_4569 encodes a member of the GDSL family of lipolytic enzymes. Strains with deletions of MXAN_5522 and MXAN_4569 undergo faster development and earlier myxospore formation than the wild-type strain. The MXAN_5522 mutation results in spore yields substantially higher than those seen for wild-type cells. Gene expression analysis using translational lacZ fusions indicates that while all three genes are expressed during development, only MXAN_5522 and MXAN_4569 are expressed during vegetative growth. The proteins encoded by these genes were overexpressed using a T7 RNA polymerase transcription (pET102/D-TOPO) system in Escherichia coli BL21 Star (DE3) cells. The substrate specificities of the purified enzymes were investigated using p-nitrophenyl esters with chain lengths from C(2) to C(16). These enzymes preferentially hydrolyzed esters of short-chain fatty acids, yielding the highest activity with p-nitrophenyl acetate.
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Supervisees' Experiences of LGB-Affirmative and Nonaffirmative Supervision.

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) supervisees were interviewed regarding their experiences of LGB-affirmative and nonaffirmative supervision. Supervisees were asked to describe one of each type of event (i.e., affirmative, nonaffirmative) from their past supervision. In LGB-affirmative supervision, all supervisees felt supported in their LGB-affirmative work with clients. Supervisees perceived that the affirming events also positively affected the supervision relationship, client outcomes, and themselves as supervisees. In LGB nonaffirming supervision, supervisees perceived supervisors to be biased or oppressive toward supervisees' clients or themselves on the basis of LGB concerns or identity. From supervisees' perspectives, the nonaffirming events negatively affected the supervision relationship, client outcomes, and supervisees. Implications for research and supervision are discussed.
Raman study of temperature‐induced phase transitions in lead hafnate (PbHfO3)

Results of a high-temperature Raman spectroscopic investigation up to 522 K carried out at ambient pressure on an antiferroelectric PbHfO 3 multi-domain single crystal are reported. The changes in the Raman spectral features show that temperature-induced phase transitions occur at 435 ± 1 and at 484 ± 1 K. The first transition is possibly to a tetragonal structure and the second is to the cubic perovskite phase. The behavior is consistent with the earlier x-ray study of PbHfO 3 . No soft mode behavior associated with the transitions was detected in the Raman spectra of PbHfO 3 . The changes observed in the high-temperature Raman spectra of PbHfO 3 are similar to those found in the spectra of isostructural PbZrO 3 .
The common parameter estimation basis of adaptive filtering, identification, and control

This paper elucidates the common parameter estimation basis of adaptive filtering, identification, and control. This is achieved by converting the direct input-output form of the discrete adaptive infinite impulse response filtering, adaptive output error identification, and model reference adaptive control problems to a single state-variable form stable error model. This interconnection encourages further cross-fertilization of problems and solutions among these frequently disjointly pursued applications of adaptive parameter estimation.
Message in a Bottle: University Advertising During Bowl Games

Through this descriptive qualitative study of institutional advertisements aired on television during the 2006–2007 college football bowl season, I sought to understand the messages communicated by colleges and universities to external audiences. The findings demonstrate the focus on selling the private benefits of higher education and call into question the effectiveness of university marketing and branding efforts.
Jurisdiction, Choice of law and the Elusive Goal of Decisional Harmony

The scholarly contributions of C.C.A. Voskuil—Bert to his friends—include a number of publications devoted to various aspects of international civil procedure, a topic all too often neglected by conflicts scholars. He has paid special attention to jurisdictional issues, which furnished the topic for the doctoral thesis he presented thirty years ago. The honoree's emphasis on the procedural side of private international law reflects a commendable awareness of the implications jurisdictional and other adjective rules have in practice, and how they touch upon the theoretical foundations of our discipline. It therefore seems appropriate to discuss some of these implications in the Liber Amicorum dedicated to our Dutch friend and colleague.
Party Identification, Retrospective Voting, and Moderating Elections in a Federal System: West Germany, 1961-1989

The hypotheses of retrospective voting and moderating elections rationalize some empirical regularities in U.S. presidential and congressional elections that posed a challenge for the party identification hypothesis. Here, these hypotheses are applied to the German federal system that is characterized by staggered national and Land (provincial) elections. They are tested using data on real GNP growth at the national and Land levels, party vote shares in national and Land elections, party seat shares in national and Land parliaments, and the party composition of national and Land governments over the time period 1961-1989. Perhaps surprisingly, all three hypotheses—party identification, retrospective voting, and moderating elections—find empirical support when applied to the German federal system. Although these hypotheses were formulated with reference to U.S. political institutions, they travel well—bar some modifications that take into account special features of the German political system.
Ewing Sarcomas With p53 Mutation or p16/p14ARF Homozygous Deletion: A Highly Lethal Subset Associated With Poor Chemoresponse

Purpose EWS-FLI1 fusion type, p53 mutation, and homozygous deletion of p16/p14ARF have each been shown to be prognostically significant in Ewing sarcoma (ES). We provide the first combined prognostic analysis of these three molecular parameters in ES. Patients and Methods We studied 60 patients with ES (stage: localized in 54, metastatic in six). All cases were confirmed to contain the EWS-FLI1 (29 type 1, 12 type 2, 14 other types) or EWS-ERG fusions (five cases). Homozygous deletion of p16/p14ARF, and p53 mutations were determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization and Affymetrix (Santa Clara, CA) p53 GeneChip microarray hybridization, respectively. Results Eight cases (13.3%) contained point mutations of p53, and eight cases (13.3%) showed p16/p14ARF deletion, including one case with both alterations. Among 32 cases with data on histologic chemoresponse, all 10 with alterations in p53 or p16/p14ARF showed a poor chemoresponse (P = .03). Variables predicting poorer overall survival included p53 mutati...
Management of Thallium Poisoning

(1981). Management of Thallium Poisoning. Clinical Toxicology: Vol. 18, No. 8, pp. 979-990.
An all-optical resonator stabilization scheme with laser machined SiO 2 microresonators

We present a novel fabrication method for ultra-high-Q fused silica microresonators using CO 2 laser machining. These resonators are used to investigate an all-optical stabilization scheme of their mode spectrum with a frequency doubled control laser.
Review of Academic Mathematics Instruction for Students with Mild Intellectual Disability

Mathematics education-like all education-faced changes in recent years including increasing expectations, and these expectations have impacted all students, including students with mild intellectual disability. To explore the impact of the changes on mathematics education on students with mild intellectual disability, the authors reviewed the literature from 1999 -2010 on academic mathematics interventions for students with mild intellectual disability. Of the seven articles found, the majority focused on interventions designed to improve knowledge of mathematical facts and computational procedures. One study included an intervention involving metacognition and diagramming of mathematical relationships to help students solve word problems. Results suggest a dissonance between the mathematics focus of mathematics professional organizations and federal and state policies regarding higher order mathematics and perhaps current practice for students with mild intellectual disability, as reflected in the research literature.
Romance and Violence in Dating Relationships

Recent data verifying a substantial amount of violence in dating relationships have presented a new challenge to the romantic love model. This study, which investigates abuse between high school couples, confirms the existence of violence among younger partners and describes their reactions to those abusive events. Findings suggest that violence is viewed by participating individuals as relatively nondisruptive to the relationship and sometimes is even seen as a positive occurrence. Discussion centers on how romance and violence coexist.
Schizophrenia: The Media and the Incumbent Reelection Issue (And a Political Scientist's View from the Inside of the Minnesota-Senate Election)

Author's Note: The author of this article had the opportunity to view this race from the inside as an advisor on media and policy and then as a full time senior staffer (Associate Director of Communications) from July through the election. (There was a touch of schizophrenia here also: one "side" of my brain was watching matters as a media agent for the campaign, the other was observing things as a political scientist for more enduring purposes.)
Hydrogen peroxide induces stress granule formation independent of eIF2α phosphorylation.

In cells exposed to environmental stress, inhibition of translation initiation conserves energy for the repair of cellular damage. Untranslated mRNAs that accumulate in these cells move to discrete cytoplasmic foci known as stress granules (SGs). The assembly of SGs helps cells to survive under adverse environmental conditions. We have analyzed the mechanism by which hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress inhibits translation initiation and induces SG assembly in mammalian cells. Our data indicate that H2O2 inhibits translation and induces the assembly of SGs. The assembly of H2O2-induced SGs is independent of the phosphorylation of eIF2α, a major trigger of SG assembly, but requires remodeling of the cap-binding eIF4F complex. Moreover, H2O2-induced SGs are compositionally distinct from canonical SGs, and targeted knockdown of eIF4E, a protein required for canonical translation initiation, inhibits H2O2-induced SG assembly. Our data reveal new aspects of translational regulation induced by oxidative insults.
Free tissue reconstruction of traumatic facial bony defects

Traumatic facial bony defects present one of the most challenging problems for the facial plastic reconstructive surgeon. The most common mechanisms of trauma resulting in a bony defect of the facial skeleton include gunshot injuries, motor vehicle accidents, and burns. These bony defects of the facial skeleton resulting from trauma rarely occur in isolation. Rather, there is uniformly varying degrees of soft-tissue trauma and/or loss, potential visual, neurological and spinal injuries, and other associated life-altering implications. The application of free tissue transfer techniques to the management of these complex defects has allowed a significant change in paradigm, permitting early intervention and improved long-term outcomes.
Phase II trial of encapsulated ginger as a treatment for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting

Goals of work Ginger has been used to treat numerous types of nausea and vomiting. Ginger has also been studied for its efficacy for acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). However, its efficacy for delayed CINV in a diverse oncology population is unknown.
Intravesical thiotepa-induced eosinophilic cystitis

Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare form of an allergic cystitis. Factors such as food allergens, parasites, and drugs have been implicated in the genesis of eosinophilic cystitis. Associated risk factors include bronchial asthma, atopic diseases, and environmental allergens. Intravesical mitomycin is a reported causative agent. We report the first case of eosinophilic cystitis that developed after intravesical instillation of thiotepa for treatment of superficial bladder cancer.
The Biology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

The aim of this article is to review the basic biology of infection with HIV-1 and the development of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The discussion will include epidemiology, general description of the retroviruses, pathogenesis of the immune deficiency, clinical consequences, treatment, and treatment outcomes. Aspects of the infection that affect protein and energy balance will be identified.
Plasmablastic Lymphoma of the Lung

Abstract Non-Hodgkin lymphomas associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are heterogeneous. Recently, a novel subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurring mostly in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has been described and designated as plasmablastic lymphoma. The histomorphologic and immunophenotypic findings of this distinct subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma have been characterized previously. Most patients present with oral cavity involvement. We report a case of plasmablastic lymphoma presenting as a lung tumor. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of this unusual subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in this location.
Power, Politics and Cyber Security in the United States: A Critical Analysis

After the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York, the impetus for guarding the United States against various types of future attacks gained momentum in the public consciousness and in the political spheres. Homeland Security laws were passed. A new department of Homeland Security (DHS) was created. Cyber security was one of the missions of the department, even though, as shown below, the recognition of the importance of cyber security came only gradually, over several years. Despite successes, the process of understanding, realizing and accepting cyber security threats to the nation, and acting cohesively against the threats, has been tortuous. Now, after a decade of debates and laws, Presidential decrees and agency-creation, it is useful to trace the history of Homeland Security initiatives in the U.S., especially as they apply to cyber security, and analyze successes and failures. This paper primarily seeks to answer the following questions:• Has cyber security gotten better since 2001?• What have been the processes employed by the U.S. in its efforts to understand and address cyber security threats?• Has the cyber security apparatus (organizational aspect) gotten better?• What are the impediments to cyber security?• Has cyber security been co-opted or hijacked by interested parties?• Is cyber security just a political game?Our study shows that numerous problems have plagued, and continue to plague the effective implementation of cyber security in the U.S. In order to rectify this situation and optimize cyber security protections, certain drastic steps to curb the influence of vested interests, not least the U.S. Congress, should be taken. But experience shows that this is not likely to happen.
A Method for Accident Reconstruction and Neighborhood Analysis Using an Autonomous Situational Model of Flight and Flight Recorder Data

Flight accidents with modern aircraft are often a result of complex dynamics of the "pilot (automaton 1 ) - vehicle operational environment" system. When a "critical mass" of the system's complexity exceeds a certain level, a "chain reaction" of irreversible cause-and-effect links can be spontaneously triggered in the system behavior leading to a catastrophe. An affordable, practically tested technique is proposed to complement current methods of flight accident analysis. A generic situational model of the system behavior and a computer are employed as a virtual test article. This model includes a six-degree-offreedom non-linear flight dynamics model, a generic situational pilot model ("silicon pilot"), models of anticipated operational factors (conditions), and a tool for flight scenario planning. Available flight recorder data are used to tune the model and reconstruct the accident. Then the model is used for in-depth examination of the accident's "neighborhood" in autonomous "what-if" simulation experiments under actual and hypothetical conditions. The latter may include pilot errors, piloting tactics variations, onboard system's failures and errors, and weather conditions, as well as combinations of these factors. Programming and piloting skills are not mandatory for the user. Potential applications include: flight accident investigation under uncertainty, advanced pilot training, research into aircraft practical aerodynamics, design of automatic flight control systems, and onboard AI technologies for flight safety. RESEARCH TASK
Aspects of the delayed alternation deficit produced by electrical stimulation in monkeys

Both intermittent and continuous electrical stimulation of lateral frontal cortex severely impaired delayed alternation performance of overtrained monkeys when tested in a Wisconsin General Test Apparatus. However, a similar effect was not obtained in an automatic delayed alternation apparatus.
Control of the Alfalfa Weevil, Hypera postica, in New York

Experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of experimental, labeled, and mixtures of various insecticides for controlling the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), on fall, first-, and second-crop alfalfa. Fall-applied methoxychlor and a mixture of Guthion M-E® ( O,O -diethyl S -(4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3(4 H )-yl-methyl) phosphorodithioate) and 3% Igepal CO-630® (nonylphenoxypoly(ethyleneoxy)ethanol 9–10 ethyleneoxy per mole of nonylphenol) did not give adequate control and both were below the normal performance of the standard fall-applied heptachlor. None of the stubble sprays, except HRS 1671 (heptachlorohexahydroketomethanophthalan), gave better control than lindane and few were more effective than the already recommended materials that were tested. Of the experimental insecticides tested, HRS 1671, Bayer 41831 ( O,O -dimethyl O -(4-nitro-m-tolyl)phosphorothioate), AC 47031 (2-(diethoxyphosphinylimino)-1,3-dithiolane), AC47772 (2-(dimethoxyphosphinylimino)- 4-methyl-1,3-dithiolane), and R.P. 11974 ( 0,0 -diethyl dithiophosphoryl methyl-3-chloro-6-benzoxazolone) showed the most promise.
Penalties - The Fifth Amendment Privilege Against Self-Incrimination and Tax Returns: Oil and Water or Peanut Butter and Jelly?

Many cases address the assertion of the Fifth Amendment on tax returns. Some cases support the use of the privilege and others hold that no privilege applies. In extreme situations, courts have held that a taxpayer who attempted to assert the Fifth Amendment has failed to file a proper return and may be prosecuted criminally for such failure. To understand these cases and the rules regarding the Fifth Amendment and tax returns, this article traces the development of the privilege through the case law.
Research on Electric Energy Algorithm by IEC 61850-9-1 Protocol

At a digital substation there are optical fibers to transmit digital signals which were sampled from VTs and CTs in protocol by IEC 61850-9-1.The Energy meters linked on nets take the data frames then calculate active and reactive electric energy based on digital data.For purpose of unification and correctness of process as well as safety for soft ware,a standard algorithm has to be put forward.It was realized in this paper for time domain solution to suite the environment of power nets in which frequency and current are unstable.What's more,the theory on accompanying induced current in non-sinusoidal pioriod circuit.It consistes not only components produced by capacitors and reactors,but also components produced by nonlinliear electrical elements.The calcultion of reactive energy in a circuit should be based on accmpanying induced current.This algorithm on reactive energy is useful for power factor improvement in nets.
Parathyroid hormone-related protein, an autocrine regulatory factor in alveolar epithelial cells

Alveolar epithelial cells in vivo, primary cultures of adult rat type II cells, and human A549 alveolar carcinoma cells express parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). Here we demonstrated that type II cells and A549 cells also express the PTHrP receptor and that they exhibit differentiation-related responses to the amino-terminal PTHrP fragment, PTHrP-(1-34). PTHrP receptor expression in A549 cells was shown by detection of a 0.3-kb reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction product formed by primers specific for PTHrP receptor. In situ hybridization studies localized the site of production of PTHrP and PTHrP receptor mRNA in rat lung cells with morphology and location typical of type II cells. Primary cultures of such type II cells also expressed PTHrP receptor mRNA. Incubation with PTHrP-(1-34) stimulated disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) synthesis in A549 cells and increased the release of newly synthesized DSPC by cultured type II cells and A549 cells. In addition, PTHrP-(1-34) increased the number of lamellar bodies per type II cell and increased their expression of alkaline phosphatase in a dose-dependent manner. Thus PTHrP-(1-34) promoted a differentiated type II cell phenotype. Since cultured type II cells, alveolar epithelial cells in vivo, and A549 cells express PTHrP and the PTHrP receptor, PTHrP-(1-34) may be an autocrine regulatory factor in type II cells and lung cancer cells.
The Detection of a Local Prostatic Immunologic Response to Bacterial Prostatitis

AbstractAlthough local antibody responses at bronchial, pulmonary and intestinal surfaces have been studied previously a similar response from the prostatic surface has never been described. This investigation demonstrates a distinct local antibody response in the prostatic fluid of 2 patients with bacterial prostatitis. Levels of antigen-specific and total non-specific immunoglobulins A and G were measured at intervals during and following infection for at least 2 years. These studies show that local prostatic immunologic responses are independent of serum responses and specific for the infecting organism. Furthermore, local secretory immunoglobulin A is the predominant immunoglobulin involved in the response to prostatic infection. Serum antigen-specific antibody and total serum or prostatic fluid immunoglobulin measurements are inadequate reflections of the prostatic immune response.
The Development of American Sociology

P rivately and also before a smaller group I have already expressed my delight at being here at Leiden. Now I am able to do so before a larger public. Every American professor, deep down, longs to ascend the rostrum of a lecture-hall at a great European university and discourse on his subject-matter. In that way he feels he has arrived and is at one with the great European tradition of learning from which American higher education sprang. To be sure, on the other hand, there are some few American scholars who seem to believe today that they are bringing the gospel from America but even they know in their heart of hearts that we Americans are all Europeans and that when we feel superior it is only in the role of the prodigal son. I thank you, therefore, for this oppportunity to come home again. In my case it is particularly a homecoming since I was born in a town originally called Breukelen and have lived a good part of my life in what used to be Nieuw Amsterdam. My earliest memories of history-lessons concern Peter Minuit and Peter Stuyvesant. And here I am in the days when $24. gets you nowhere, certainly not in possession of Manhattan Island.
Infant born preterm have delayed development of adaptive postural control in the first 5 months of life.

Abstract Infants born preterm are at increased risk of developmental disabilities, that may be attributed to their early experiences and ability to learn. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the ability of infants born preterm to adapt their postural control to changing task demands. Methods This study included 18 infants born at 32 weeks of gestation or less whose posture was compared in supine under 2 conditions, with and without a visual stimulus presented. The postural variability, measured with root mean squared displacement of the center of pressure, and postural complexity, measured with the approximate entropy of the center of pressure displacement were measured longitudinally from 2.5 to 5 months of age. Results and discussion The infants looked at the toys in midline for several months prior to adapting their postural variability in a manner similar to full term infants. Only after postural variability was reduced in both the caudal cephalic and medial lateral direction in the toy condition did the infants learn to reach for the toy. Postural complexity did not vary between conditions. These findings suggest that infants used a variety of strategies to control their posture. In contrast to research with infants born full term, the infants born preterm in this study did not identify the successful strategy of reducing movement of the center of pressure until months after showing interest in the toy. This delayed adaptation may impact the infants ability to learn over time.
Mod-seq: A High-Throughput Method for Probing RNA Secondary Structure.

Abstract It has become increasingly clear that large RNA molecules, especially long noncoding RNAs, function in almost all gene regulatory processes ( Cech & Steitz, 2014 ). Many large RNAs appear to be structural scaffolds for assembly of important RNA/protein complexes. However, the structures of most large cellular RNA molecules are currently unknown ( Hennelly & Sanbonmatsu, 2012 ). While chemical probing can reveal single-stranded regions of RNA, traditional approaches to identify sites of chemical modification are time consuming. Mod-seq is a high-throughput method used to map chemical modification sites on RNAs of any size, including complex mixtures of RNA. In this protocol, we describe preparation of Mod-seq high-throughput sequencing libraries from chemically modified RNA. We also describe a software package “Mod-seeker,” which is a compilation of scripts written in Python, for the analysis of Mod-seq data. Mod-seeker returns statistically significant modification sites, which can then be used to aid in secondary structure prediction.
Developing consistent and transparent kinship care policy and practice: State mandated, mediated, and independent care

To date, the large majority of the research literature on kinship care in the United States has focused on the similarities and differences between children and caregivers in “public” or “formal” vs. “private” or “informal” care. Our understanding of children's living arrangements in the homes of their relatives, however, is becoming more nuanced and complex. The stark differences between public and private care are increasingly mediated by hybrid kinship models that may be government facilitated, but are not considered fully public in nature. This paper lays out a framework for understanding the multiple custodial options available to non-indigenous children in the United States who need alternative care from a related adult. We introduce a taxonomy in which care arrangements are characterized as state mandated, state mediated, or state independent. The variability in custodial arrangements raises questions about the routes by which children arrive to care, and the sorting process that shuttles children into arrangements that may offer more or fewer services and supports. Policies that promote consistency within care types are recommended. Practices that make more transparent access across models and a research agenda to fill gaps in knowledge are discussed.
Evaluating Capacity for Safe and Independent Living Among Vulnerable Older Adults

Decisions regarding capacity for safe and independent living often arise in elders as they develop increasing frailty and recurrent morbidity. Capacity for safe and independent living is based on a two-dimension model of autonomy: decision-making and executive autonomy. Decision-making can be evaluated using the four criteria of understanding, appreciation, reasoning, and choosing. In contrast, executive capacity focuses on the ability of the vulnerable older adult to implement decisions, either by themselves or with assistance from others, regarding safe and independent living. It involves having a plan, adapting the plan as necessary based on changing circumstances, and delegating responsibilities if physical limitations prevent personally carrying out the plan. When clinically assessing an elder’s capacity for safe and independent living, providers should evaluate decision-making and executive capacity across five functional domains: maintaining personal needs and hygiene, condition of home environment, performing activities for independent living, health-care self-management, and managing financial affairs.
Stabilization of Nmi Protein through Its Interaction with Tip60.

Tip60 ( T at- i nteractive p rotein of 60 kDa), a member of MYST family (for its founding members M OZ, Y BF2/SAS3, S AS2 and T ip60) histone acetyltransferases, is involved in transcriptional regulation of many genes and diverse signaling transduction. The Tip60 complex consists of multiple subunits, with some implicated in DNA damage and apoptosis. The MYST superfamily members, such as MOZ and MORF, are implicated in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia. In the present study, Nmi was identified as a novel binding partner for Tip60 by a yeast two-hybrid screen. The association of Tip60 with Nmi was further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. Nmi, an interferon and interleukin inducible protein was originally identified as an N-Myc/c-Myc interacting protein. It is expressed in various adult and fetal tissues and in several cancer cell lines with the highest expression in certain myeloid leukemias. Nmi gene is localized on human chromosome 22q13.3 in a region where translocation has been reported in certain human leukemias. The Nmi protein interacts with all the STAT members except STAT2. Although Nmi lacks intrinsic transcriptional activation domain, it functions as an adaptor molecule to enhance STAT-dependent transcription through the recruitment of coactivator CBP/p300. Tip60 interacts with the C-terminus of Nmi in a region essential for Nmi-Nmi homodimerization and Nmi-IFP35 ( i nter f eron-inducible p rotein of 35 kDa) heterodimerization and subcellular localization. Homodimerization of Nmi reduces the interaction of Tip60 with Nmi. Nmi associates with the zinc finger domain of the Tip60, which is important for the transcriptional repression effect of Tip60 on TEL, the translocation E26 transforming-specific (ETS) leukemia. We further showed that Nmi is an unstable protein and is targeted for proteosome-mediated degradation possibly through ubiquitination of its C-terminus. The interaction with Tip60 enhances Nmi stability, which is dependent on the histone acetyltransferase activity of Tip60. Our results suggest that stabilization of Nmi protein through its interaction with Tip60 may be involved in the pathogenesis of certain leukemias.
The impact of adjuvant breast cancer (BC) chemotherapy on ovarian reserve and menses.

9522 Background: In prior studies, menses was used as a surrogate for fertility. But, anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) may be a better surrogate for ovarian reserve. The goal of this study is to deline...
Comprehensive pelvic floor physical therapy program for men with idiopathic chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a prospective study

Background: Male chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is a heterogeneous constellation of symptoms that causes significant impairment and is often challenging to treat. In this prospective study, we evaluated men with CPPS who underwent comprehensive pelvic floor physical therapy (PFPT) program. We used the previously validated Genitourinary Pain Index (GUPI) to measure outcomes. Methods: We included 14 men who underwent physical therapy for idiopathic CPPS from October 2015 to October 2016. Men with clearly identifiable causes of pelvic pain, such as previous surgery, chronic infection, trauma, prostatitis and epididymitis were excluded. Treatment included: (I) manual therapy (internal and external) of pelvic floor and abdominal musculature to facilitate relaxation of muscles; (II) therapeutic exercises to promote range of motion, improve mobility/flexibility and strengthen weak muscles; (III) biofeedback to facilitate strengthening and relaxation of pelvic floor musculature; (IV) neuromodulation for pelvic floor muscle relaxation and pain relief. GUPI questionnaires were collected at initial evaluation and after the 10th visit. Higher scores reflect worse symptoms. Previous validation of the GUPI calculated a reduction of 7 points to robustly predict being a treatment responder (sensitivity 100%, specificity 76%) and a change in 4 points to predict modest response. Data are presented as medians (ranges). Results: A total of 10 patients completed 10 visits, and the remaining four patients completed between 5 and 9 visits. The median National Institute of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) score at initial evaluation was 30.8 [16–39] and decreased to 22.2 [7–37] at the tenth visit. Five of the 10 patients (50%) in the study had a reduction of greater than 7 points indicating a robust treatment response, and two (20%) had a change of greater than 4 indicating moderate response. Three patients (30%) did not have any meaningful change in NIH-CPSI and the remaining four are in the process of completing 10 sessions. Duration of therapy appears to predict treatment response. Longer duration has better response. Conclusions: Male CPPS is difficult to treat and often requires a multimodal approach. Based on the results of our pilot study, pelvic floor rehabilitation may be an effective treatment option for select patients. A larger study with a control group is needed to validate the routine use of pelvic floor rehabilitation in men with CPPS and predict characteristics of men who would respond to therapy.
The Low-Energy, Heavy-Particle Collisions–A Close-Coupling Treatment*

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on quantitatively reliable close-coupling treatments of slow and heavy-particle atomic collisions. The chapter explains the dynamics of such collisions and identifies remaining problems with the theory. It suggests possible extensions of ion–atom collision models to the study of ion–molecule and ion–surface collisions. Atomic and molecular collision physics is a particularly important and singularly challenging field. Such collisions are ubiquitous in nature. Atomic and molecular collisions are also very much at the heart of a large number of applications in such areas as magnetically or intertially confined fusion plasmas, laser systems, partially ionized gases and plasmas, chemical systems, surface interactions, channeling and energy loss in solids, energy and ionization balance in the earth's atmosphere, and astrophysical studies on a broad front.
A generalized multistage approach to oral and nasal intubation in infants with Pierre Robin sequence: A retrospective review.

Background Airway management in children with Pierre Robin sequence in the infantile period can be challenging and frequently requires specialized approaches. Aims The aim of this study was to review our experience with a multistage approach to oral and nasal intubation in young infants with Pierre Robin sequence. Methods After IRB approval, we reviewed 13 infants with Pierre Robin sequence who underwent a multistage approach to intubation in the operating room for mandibular distractor or gastrostomy tube placement. All patients underwent awake placement of either an LMA-Classic™ #1 or ProSeal™ laryngeal mask airway size #1. General anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane, and patients were relaxed with rocuronium. The laryngeal mask airway was replaced with an air-Q® 1.0. Children were then intubated through the air-Q® 1.0 using a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope. In cases that required a nasotracheal tube, the oral tube was left in place while a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope loaded with a similar internal diameter nasal Ring-Adair-Elwyn (RAE) tube was introduced into the nares. Once the scope was in proximity to the glottis, the oral tube was removed and the patient was intubated with the nasal RAE over the fiberscope. Results All 13 patients with Pierre Robin sequence were successfully intubated. We observed no periods of desaturation during placement and induction with the LMA-Classic™ or ProSeal™ laryngeal mask airway except in one patient who was in extremis in the neonatal intensive care unit and required emergent transport to the operating room with the laryngeal mask airway in place. We observed several brief periods of desaturation during the apneas associated with fiberoptic intubation. Conclusion In conclusion, we were able to use a ventilation-driven, multistaged approach using the unique properties of different supraglottic airways to facilitate oral and nasal intubation in 13 infants with Pierre Robin sequence.
Bridging the North and South: climate science and practice

Background: The health risks of climate change are a consequence of the interactions of a changing climate with the specific regions and peoples exposed to those changes, and their susceptibility a...