cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resolution of both enantiomers of 5-chloro-5-methyl-2-cyclopentenone.

Reduction of (±)-5-chloro-5-methyl-2-cyclopentenone with BH3·THF and catalytic (R)-2-methyl-CBS-oxazaborolidine gave readily separable diastereomers with high ee values. Oxidation of the diastereomers furnished the enantiomers of the chloromethylcyclopentenone.
Deprotonation energy of ground and excited states of HCN

Abstract The ground and first few excited electronic states of HCN and its deprotonated anion CN− are investigated by ab initio calculations including electron correlation. The excited states of HCN are bent with their bonds strecthed in comparison to the linear ground state. The 3A′ state is lowest for HCN, lying about 110 kcal/mol above the1Σ+ ground state, followed by 3A″ and then by 1A′. The deprotonation energies of these excited states are between 10 and 20 kcal/mol greater than that of the ground state. The electronic excitation shifts density toward the C atom.
Incoherent Doppler lidar for measurement of atmospheric winds

A conceptual space-based incoherent Doppler lidar wind measurement system is described. The system employs a Fabry-Perot interferometer to detect the Doppler shift of the backscattered laser line, and uses two channels, one for aerosol and one for molecular backscatter. Previous investigations have considered only the aerosol backscatter as the means to determine the Doppler shift. Several studies have demonstrated that aerosol backscatter, particularly over the oceans and in the southern hemisphere, can be extremely low in the free troposphere. The two channel configuration permits acceptable measurements regardless of the aerosol loading. The system operates in the near UV, which is eye safe and provides a large molecular backscatter. With a 20 Watt laser, 1 meter diameter collecting telescope, and 5 seconds integration time, the horizontal line of sight wind errors would be less than 1 m/s with aerosols typical of a continental loading from the surface to the stratosphere. Areas of low aerosol loading would have errors of about 3 m/s.
Irlen Lenses and Reading Difficulties

L'auteur passe en revue les 3 articles presentes dans ce journal sur l'efficacite des lentilles de IRLEN pour resoudre les troubles de la lecture
Luminescence and laser action of coumarin dyes doped in silicate and aluminosilicate glasses prepared by the sol-gel technique

Coumarin dyes are encapsulated in silicate and aluminosilicate polymeric glasses synthesized by the sol-gel technique. The coumarin dyes retain their luminescent properties in all of the aged gels and in many of the dried gels (xerogels). The luminescence spectra of the new optical materials are reported. The luminescence of coumarin 4 provides a probe at the molecular level of the changes which occur during the gelation and drying. The spectral changes are studied and discussed in detail. Gels and xerogels doped with coumarin 460, 480, and 540A exhibit optical gain and laser action. The laser properties of these new solid-state dye laser materials are reported and discussed.
Immigrant transnational entrepreneurs in New York

The structuration model linking macro‐ and micro‐level societal structures and individual actions in a reciprocal causality is applied to the analysis of the relationship between immigrants' transnational entrepreneurship and their assimilation to the host society. Depending on immigrants' economic and sociocultural resources and their location in the economic and political structures of the host city/country where they reside and the home‐country/region they originate from, their transnational business engagements may combine with assimilation and ethnic entrepreneurship may not lead to integration into the host society. This argument is empirically illustrated by comparing three kinds of entrepreneurship and the (trans)national/ethnic commitments they generate. These three types are represented by New York Chinese global traders, Jamaican ethnic entrepreneurs, and Dominican small‐scale investors in home‐country businesses. Although these entrepreneurial activities do not exhaust the types of business pursued by these immigrants (there are also in New York local Chinese and Dominican entrepreneurs, and Jamaicans involved in business in their home‐country), they have been recognized and investigated in each group.
Molecular genetic alterations as potential prognostic indicators in colorectal carcinoma.

The molecular genetic alterations in colorectal carcinoma are among the best understood of any common human cancer. Identified abnormalities include both dominant-acting oncogenes (ras, myc, src) and suppressor genes which undergo inactivation or deletion (deleted in colorectal carcinoma gene [DCC], p53, adenomatous polyposis coli gene [APC], and prabably loci on chromosomes 1p and 22q]. Accumulation of multiple abnormalities is evident in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence with a preferential order, and alteration of DNA methylation is an especially early event
A comparison of retrieval effectiveness for three methods of indexing medical literature.

ABSTRACT Conventional approaches to indexing medical literature include the human assignment of terms from a controlled vocabulary, such as MeSH, or the computer assignment of all words in the title and abstract as indexing terms. Human indexing suffers from inconsistency, while word-based indexing suffers from the multiple meanings of words. SAPHIRE is a computer program designed to provide indexing using controlled terms that are assigned by computer, based on their occurrence in the title and abstract. In this first evaluation of SAPHIRE, the authors compared the retrieval performance of the three indexing approaches—human-based MEDLINE with text words; machine-based SAPHIRE with text words; and text words only—for searches by measuring recall and precision for each search using a test collection of 200 abstracts. The abstracts were judged by human reviewers for relevance as applied to 12 literature queries. The results suggest that text word indexing is more effective than indexing with MeSH terms. SAPHIRE’s indexing performance was slightly inferior but the program has other advantageous features.
Differential effects of chronic treatment with haloperidol and clozapine on the level of preprosomatostatin mRNA in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, and frontal cortex of the rat.

1. The goal of this work was to determine the effects of typical and atypical neuroleptics on the level of preprosomatostatin messenger RNA (mRNA) in regions of the rat brain innervated by dopaminergic neurons. 2. Quantitativein situ hybridization histochemistry was used to measure the levels of mRNA encoding preprosomatostatin in neurons of the striatum, the nucleus accumbens, and the medial and lateral agranular areas of the frontal cortex in adult rats treated with either haloperidol or clozapine. 3. In untreated animals, the density of neurons containing preprosomatostatin mRNA was higher in the nucleus accumbens than in the striatum and frontal cortex. The intensity of labeling per neuron, however, was higher in the striatum than in the two other areas examined, suggesting that the expression of preprosomatostatin mRNA is differentially regulated in these brain regions. Chronic administration of haloperidol (1 mg/kg for 28 days) induced a significant decrease in the labeling for preprosomatostatin mRNA in neurons of the nucleus accumbens, frontal cortex, and medial but not lateral striatum. Treatment with clozapine (20 mg/kg for 28 days) increased the levels of preprosomatostatin mRNA in the nucleus accumbens but not in the striatum or the frontal cortex. 4. These results support a role for dopamine in the regulation of central somatostatinergic neurons. The differences in the effects of haloperidol, a neuroleptic which induces extrapyramidal side effects, and clozapine, which does not, suggest that somatostatinergic neurons may play an important role in the regulation of motor behavior.
OPTIMIZED DESIGN PARAMETERS OF EDDY CURRENT BOBBIN PROBE FOR STEAM GENERATOR TUBE IN NPPS

The bobbin probe is now widely accepted as a basic and important ECT technique among various ECT techniques for steam generator tube integrity assessment that is practiced during each plant outage. The bobbin probe is also one of the essential components which consist of the whole ECT examination system, and provides us with decisive data for the evaluation of tube integrity in accordance with acceptance criteria described in specific procedures. Accordingly, the design of ECT probe is especially important to examination results because the quality of acquired ECT data is determined by the optimized probe design characteristics, such as coil geometry, electrical properties, operation frequency, and so on. In this study, the relationship between electric characteristic changes and differential coil gap variation for the optimization of the ECT probe signal was investigated. As a result, for the examination of volumetric flaws fabricated on the O.D. side of ASME type calibration standard, we propose that the best Lissajous signal for the examination will be obtained when the coil gap of differential bobbin probe is approximately 1.2 ~ 1.6 mm.
Hemodynamic adjustments to head-up posture in the partly arboreal snake, Elaphe obsoleta

Radioactively-labeled microspheres were used to quantify adjustments of regional blood flows in 15 snakes (Elaphe obsoleta) subjected to 45 degrees head-up tilt. Heart rate and peripheral vascular resistance increased during tilt to compensate for the passive drop of pressure at the head. Two snakes failed to regulate blood pressure, but in 13 others arterial pressure increased at midbody (where passive changes in pressure are unexpected due to tilt alone) and arterial pressure at the head averaged 67% of the pretilt value. Tissue blood flow was reduced significantly in visceral organs, posterior skin and posterior skeletal muscle, but was maintained at pretilt levels in brain, heart, lung and anterior tissues. Ventricular systemic output averaged 24 ml/min X kg in horizontal posture and 9.4 ml/min X kg during tilt. Comparable values for pulmonary output were 4 and 6.5 ml/min X kg. Patterns of intraventricular shunting of blood acted to maintain pulmonary flow during tilt. A large right-to-left shunt (mean 76%) was present in horizontal snakes, but the shunted fraction declined during tilt (mean 54%). Left-to-right shunt increased during tilt from 7% to 14%.
Commentary: Predictors of outcome from operative management of lumbar spinal stenosis: a plea for better design and reporting practices

Commentary on Athiviraham A, Wali ZA, Yen D. Predictive factors influencing clinical outcome with operative management of lumbar spinal stenosis. Spine J 2011;11:613–617 ( in this issue ).
Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of a concentration-maintaining regimen of intravenous pirmenol.

Abstract A 3-stage, concentration-maintaining intravenous infusion regimen of pirmenol, a new antiarrhythmic agent, was tested for efficacy and safety in 8 subjects with chronic, stable premature ventricular beats. The regimen, which consisted of (1) a priming bolus of 50 mg over 2 minutes, followed by (2) a rapid loading infusion of 2.5 mg/min for 1 hour, and (3) a maintenance infusion of 0.25 mg/min, rapidly achieved and maintained stable plasma pirmenol levels from 0.94 to 2.75 μg/ml, during infusions lasting up to 48 hours. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated during 4-hour infusions in 5 patients utilizing a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study design. Pirmenol suppressed average premature ventricular beat frequency 93 ± 6% compared with control values (p = 0.03). Pirmenol infusions were unassociated with toxicity. There were slight but significant increases in diastolic blood pressure, QRS duration, and corrected Q-T interval. No significant changes occurred in systolic blood pressure, heart rate, P-R interval, or laboratory variables. Pirmenol is a promising therapeutic agent that warrants further evaluation. The 3-stage infusion satisfactorily achieves and maintains therapeutic plasma pirmenol levels.
Abuse and aggression in courting couples

Challenging Gelles’ (1972) assertion that violence between intimates is likely to occur only within a family context, more than 60% of a sample of 371 single respondents reported having experienced abusive or aggressive behaviors or having inflicted them during courtship. Theoretical considerations and empirical consistencies derived from the marital violence literature supported hypothesized relationships between more serious courting relationships and violence and between experienced childhood violence and the occurrence of violence in courtship. A hypothesized relationship between social class and violence in courtship was not supported, however. A conflict theory framework and propositions extracted from choice and exchange theory explain these findings. The extent of courtship violence documented here is in all probability an underestimate of its actual occurrence.
Optical Control of Neuronal Activity

Advances in optics, genetics, and chemistry have enabled the investigation of brain function at all levels, from intracellular signals to single synapses, whole cells, circuits, and behavior. Until recent years, these research tools have been utilized in an observational capacity: imaging neural activity with fluorescent reporters, for example, or correlating aberrant neural activity with loss-of-function and gain-of-function pharmacological or genetic manipulations. However, optics, genetics, and chemistry have now combined to yield a new strategy: using light to drive and halt neuronal activity with molecular specificity and millisecond precision. Photostimulation of neurons is noninvasive, has unmatched spatial and temporal resolution, and can be targeted to specific classes of neurons. The optical methods developed to date encompass a broad array of strategies, including photorelease of caged neurotransmitters, engineered light-gated receptors and channels, and naturally light-sensitive ion channels and pumps. In this review, we describe photostimulation methods, their applications, and opportunities for further advancement.
Youth versus parent working alliance in usual clinical care: distinctive associations with retention, satisfaction, and treatment outcome.

We investigated associations between both youth–therapist and parent–therapist alliances and retention, satisfaction, and symptom improvement among 65 youth and their parents receiving usual community-based outpatient mental health services. Parent (but not youth) alliance was significantly related to more frequent family participation, less frequent cancellations and no-shows, and greater therapist concurrence with termination decision. In contrast, youth (but not parent) alliance was significantly related to both youth and parent reports of symptom improvement. Youth and parent alliance were each significantly related to their satisfaction with services. Findings suggest that youth and parent alliance may play important but distinctive roles in the processes and outcomes of usual clinical care.
Gnathostomulida from Tahiti

This paper deals with nine species of Gnathostomulida from the Pacific Ocean, all in established genera. Of the nine species one is cosmopolitan (Haplognathia rosacea (Sterrer, 1970)), four have been described previously from other localities in the Indo-Pacific (Cosmognathia manubrium Sterrer, 1991; Gnathostomula maldivarum Gerlach, 1958; Austrognathia nannulifera Sterrer, 1991; Austrognatharia pecten Sterrer, 1991), and four are new to science (Pterognathia ugera sp.n.; Gnathostomula algreti sp.n.; Austrognatharia macroconifera sp.n.; Austrognatharia mooreensis sp.n.).
The adaptation of soleus and edl in a rat model of distraction osteogenesis: IGF-1 and fibrosis

The distraction rate of 0.5 mm/day produces good osteogenesis in small rodents; however, the effects of this distraction rate on muscle are not well documented. We evaluated the soleus and the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) after two weeks of lengthening distraction osteogenesis (DO) at 0.5 mm/day in skeletally mature rats. We found a modest but significant local increase of insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the EDL, however, muscle growth indicated by developmental forms of myosin heavy chain (MHC) was not detected by mRNA (RT-PCR). To the contrary, the data suggested a decrease in cross-sectional area of the muscle fibers as well as a decrease in mRNA for slow MHC. Immunolabeling of fibronectin in cryosections of the EDL indicated fibrosis of the perimuscular connective tissue while assessment of the passive joint motion did not suggest a lack of excursion on the part of the dorsal flexors. While the literature suggests that IGF-1 facilitates muscle growth especially in young animals, excess of IGF-1 in muscle from adults may exacerbate DO-induced fibrosis.
Globalization of corporate risk taking

We explore how the interconnected nature of global finance affects corporate risk taking. We show that a common global factor known to be associated with fluctuations in cross-border banking is also strongly associated with common co-movements in corporate risk-taking across a diverse universe of international firms. Our study contributes to the international business literature as the first comprehensive investigation of how global financial conditions induce greater synchronization of risk-taking across regions and sectors.
D-18O enriched waters of the Coast Range Mountains, northern California: Connate and ore-forming fluids

Abstract D and 18O enriched waters of several weight percent salinity issue from hot and cold springs in Franciscan Complex and Great Valley Sequence rocks in the northern Coast Range Mountains of California. Although these waters have been described separately in the past and called “metamorphic,” “connate,” and “serpentinizing fluids,” this study shows that the hot and cold springs are all fed by one source of water—trapped Cretaceous seawater modified by a variety of reactions. The district is an example of the complexities of subsurface waters and their importance for our understanding of metamorphic fluid sources, oil-field waters, and ore transport problems. The subsurface waters have a range of δ34S values, including some near marine sulfate values (+20%.), and δ13C near marine calcite values (0%.). Strontium isotopic signatures in the spring waters are derived from the Great Valley Sequence ( 87 Sr 86 Sr values near 0.705). The most saline spring pool is lined with serpentine phases found together as a fine white precipitate and has a pH of 11. One portion of the subsurface water is heated and reduced; it transports Au, Ag, Sb, As, and Hg to the surface (gold grades of the hot spring precipitates range from less than 1 ppm to over 10 ppm). These heated waters are chemically and isotopically similar to the fluids which formed Au mineralization at the nearby McLaughlin gold mine. The hot springs precipitate pyrite and native sulfur and are supersaturated with respect to calcite. Other springs are less saline and are oxidized, cooler, and diluted versions of the hot spring fluid. They do not carry ore metals but they are supersaturated with respect to silica and calcite. 3 He 4 He ratios of the springs gases are all above atmospheric values and indicate a possible magmatic component, consistent with the presence of Quaternary Clear Lake Volcanics. 129I data yield a minimum age of 60–80 Ma for the source of the iodide in the waters, consistent with the connate nature of the source fluid (FEHN et al., 1992).
Characterization of polyhydroxybutyrate biosynthesized from crude glycerol waste using mixed microbial consortia

This study focused on the characterization of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) produced from crude glycerol (CG) using mixed microbial consortia (MMC). PHB recovered from two biomass drying treatments (65°C oven drying and lyophilization) was characterized comparatively along with a commercially sourced PHB (PHB-C). Characterization results showed that oven-drying method caused PHB partial hydrolysis, as indicated by its lower molecular weight (Mw) (PHB-O, 144,000 g mol−1), which further affected its physical and chemical properties. Lyophilization helped alleviate PHB hydrolysis during drying process, leading to PHB (PHB-L) of higher Mw (309,000 g mol−1) and material properties comparable with commercial PHB. Furthermore, crystallization and morphological studies showed that PHB-L featured faster crystallization rates and smaller spherulites as compared with PHB-C, probably due to its lower Mw. In general, the results from this study suggested that CG-MMC-derived PHB-L possessed material properties comparable with those of pure substrate/culture produced PHB. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Resource depletion and economic sustainability in Malaysia

Countries richly endowed with natural resources have, on average, developed less rapidly than countries that are poor in natural resources. One possible explanation for this phenomenon is that the level of investment in reproducible capital has been insufficient to offset the depletion of natural capital. The empirical significance of this explanation can be investigated by analysing modified measures of net investment and net domestic product. Estimation of these measures involves calculating the economic depreciation of natural resources, a task that has been problematic in previous studies. Malaysia provides an ideal case for such empirical investigations, as it is one of the world's most resource-rich countries yet also has one of the world's fastest-growing economies, consists of three subnational regions that differ significantly in terms of economic structure, and has sufficient data for estimating conceptually correct measures of natural resource depreciation. Results of the analysis indicate that Malaysia has developed sustainably, despite substantial resource depletion. This is not the case in two of the regions, however, where trends in both net investment and net domestic product indicate that current consumption levels cannot be sustained. Nevertheless, the regional differences in sustainability might be consistent with optimal national use of the rents generated by exploitation of the country's natural resources.
Divergent Trajectories of Physical, Cognitive, and Psychosocial Aging in Schizophrenia

Aging is not a uniform process. In the general population, there is a paradox of aging: age-associated decline in physical and some cognitive functions stands in contrast to an enhancement of subjective quality of life and psychosocial functioning. This paradox is even more striking in people with schizophrenia. Compared with the overall population, individuals with schizophrenia have accelerated physical aging (with increased and premature medical comorbidity and mortality) but a normal rate of cognitive aging, although with mild cognitive impairment starting from premorbid period and persisting throughout life. Remarkably, psychosocial function improves with age, with diminished psychotic symptoms, reduced psychiatric relapses requiring hospitalization and better self-management. Many older adults with schizophrenia successfully adapt to the illness, with increased use of positive coping techniques, enhanced self-esteem and increased social support. Although complete remission is uncommon, most individuals with schizophrenia experience significant improvement in their quality of well-being. Cohort effect and survivor bias may provide a partial explanation for this phenomenon. However, the improvement also may reflect some brain changes that are beneficial for the course of schizophrenia along with neuroplasticity of aging. The proposed hypothesis has several implications. As significant medical morbidity in schizophrenia takes years to develop, studies of changes in sensitive biomarkers of aging during the course of illness may point to new treatments aimed at normalizing the rate of biological aging in schizophrenia. At the same time, effective psychotherapeutic interventions can affect brain structure and function and produce lasting positive behavioral changes in aging adults with schizophrenia.
Disruptions in serotonergic regulation of cortical glutamate release in primate insular cortex in response to chronic ethanol and nursery rearing.

Early-life stress has been shown to increase sus- ceptibility to anxiety and substance abuse. Disrupted activity within the anterior insular cortex (AIC) has been shown to play a role in both of these disorders. Altered serotonergic processing is implicated in controlling the activity levels of the associated cognitive networks. We therefore investigated changes in both serotonin receptor expression and glutama- tergic synaptic activity in the AIC of alcohol-drinking rhesus monkeys. We studied tissues from male rhesus monkeys raised under two conditions: Male rhesus monkeys (1) "mother reared" (MR) by adult females (n9) or (2) "Nursery reared" (NR), that is, separated from their mothers and reared as a separate group under surrogate/peer-reared conditions (n9). The NR condition represents a long-standing and well- validated nonhuman primate model of early life stress. All monkeys were trained to self-administer ethanol (4% w/v) or an isocaloric maltose-dextrin control solution. Subsets from each rearing condition were then given daily access to etha- nol, water, or maltose-dextrin for 12 months. Tissues were collected at necropsy and were further analyzed. Using real time RT-PCR we found that ethanol-naive, NR monkeys had lower AIC levels of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor mRNA com- pared with ethanol-naive, MR animals. Although NR monkeys consumed more ethanol over the 12-month period compared with MR animals, both MR and NR animals expressed greater 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor mRNA levels following chronic alcohol self-administration. The interaction between nursery- rearing conditions and alcohol consumption resulted in a significant enhancement of both 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor mRNA levels such that lower expression levels observed in nursery-rearing conditions were not found in the alcohol self-administration group. Using voltage clamp recordings in the whole cell configuration we recorded excitatory postsyn- aptic currents in both ethanol-naive and chronic self-admin- istration groups of NR and MR monkeys. Both groups that self-administered ethanol showed greater glutamatergic ac- tivity within the AIC. This AIC hyperactivity in MR alcohol- consuming monkeys was accompanied by an increased sen- sitivity to regulation by presynaptic 5-HT1A receptors that was not apparent in the ethanol-naive, MR group. Our data indicate that chronic alcohol consumption leads to greater AIC activity and may indicate a compensatory upregulation of presynaptic 5-HT1A receptors. Our results also indicate that AIC activity may be less effectively regulated by 5-HT in ethanol-naive NR animals than in NR monkeys in response to chronic ethanol self-administration. These data suggest pos- sible mechanisms for increased alcohol seeking and possi- ble addiction potential among young adults who had previ- ously experienced early-life stress that include disruptions in both AIC activity and serotonin system dynamics. © 2012 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Proteolytic activity in the ectoperitrophic fluid of blood-fed Culex nigripalpus.

. In blood-fed Culex nigripalpus Theobald, proteolytic activity appeared in the ectoperitrophic fluid after 3 h, but only after 6 h in a homogenate of the blood-filled midgut. The activity continued to be higher in ectoperitrophic fluid than in whole gut homogenate until about 40 h after the meal, when most of the intact clot had disappeared. Apparently, undigested blood inhibits proteolytic activity. The blood clot lacked activity and the inhibitor could not be removed by washing. The results are compatible with a hypothesis that the peritrophic membrane separates the digestion from the ingestion compartment.
Persistent circulating human insulin in sheep transplanted in utero with human mesenchymal stem cells

Objective To determine if mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from human fetal pancreatic tissue (pMSC) would engraft and differentiate in sheep pancreas following transplantation in utero. Materials and Methods A three-step culture system was established for generating human fetal pMSC. Sheep fetuses were transplanted during the fetal transplant receptivity period with human pMSC and evaluated for in situ and functional engraftment in their pancreas, liver, and bone marrow. Results Isolation and expansion of adherent cells from the human fetal pancreas yielded a cell population with morphologic and phenotypic characteristics similar to MSC derived from bone marrow. This putative stem cell population could undergo multilineage differentiation in vitro. Three to 27 months after fetal transplantation, the pancreatic engraftment frequency (chimeric index) was 79%, while functional engraftment was noted in 50% of transplanted sheep. Hepatic and marrow engraftment and expression was noted as well. Conclusion We have established a procedure for isolation of human fetal pMSC that display characteristics similar to bone marrow−derived MSC. In vivo results suggest the pMSC engraft, differentiate, and secrete human insulin from the sheep pancreas.
Effect of Immersion or Dry Air Chilling on Broiler Carcass Moisture Retention and Breast Fillet Functionality

SUMMARY A study was conducted to investigate the effect of chilling method on broiler carcass skin color, moisture retention, breast fillet quality, and functionality. One hundred fifty eviscerated broiler carcasses were removed from a commercial processing line before chilling, transported to the laboratory, weighed, and chilled by dry air or immersion in ice water. Postchill carcasses were weighed for moisture uptake or loss and held on ice at 4°C for 24 h. Carcass skin color was measured immediately after chilling and after storage. After storage, fillets were deboned, marinated, and cooked. Fillet color was measured on the medial surface before marination and after cooking. Cooked fillet shear values were determined using an Allo-Kramer multiple blade. After 150 min of air chilling, carcasses lost 2.5% of prechill weight, and weight loss ranged from 2.2 to 3.5%. Moisture uptake during immersion averaged 9.3% of the prechill weight but varied widely with a range of 3.4 to 14.7%. Immediately after chilling, breast skin for immersion-chilled carcasses was significantly lighter (higher L*), less red (lower a*), and less yellow (lower b*) than the breast skin color for air-chilled carcasses. Storage time improved appearance (lighter skin color) of airchilled carcasses. Raw and cooked fillet color, fillet marination pickup, and cooked fillet tenderness were not affected by chilling method. Cook yield for fillets deboned from immersion-chilled carcasses was significantly lower than fillets from air-chilled carcasses.
Surgical versus medical therapy for treatment of unstable angina: changes in work status and family income.

Abstract Employment and income status of 96 patients randomized into the Alabama portion of the National Cooperative Unstable Angina Study were evaluated before the patients' admission to the study and in 1977. All patients had at least 12 months of follow-up study (mean 38 months). The ratio of patients fully employed at the time of follow-up to those fully employed at entry into the study (baseline) was 0.68 for medically treated patients, 0.53 for surgically treated patients and 0.53 for patients in whom medical therapy failed and who later underwent operation. The changes in annual family income were +$1,111 for medical patients, −$2,447 for surgical and +$875 for those later undergoing surgery. Regression analysis revealed that nonwork income, initial work status, initial income, severity of angina while the patient was in the unstable angina study and the procedural variable (that is, persistent medical, early surgical or late surgical treatment) were associated with return to full-time employment. Changes in family income were related to change in work status, the procedural variable, the patient's education, initial work status, the spouse's income, occurrence of a myocardial infarction after entry into the unstable angina study, duration of angina before entry into the unstable angina study, marital status and sex. Patients who underwent initial surgery had the largest reduction in family income, related to the change in nonworking status at the time of follow-up interview.
Identification of Chlamydophila Pneumoniae in an Emerald Tree Boa, Corallus Caninus

Tissues were evaluated from emerald tree boas, Corallus caninus, from a collection in which chlamydiosis was diagnosed. To determine the strain of chlamydia infecting these snakes, tissue samples from 5 frozen snakes were tested by a quantitative TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and a PCR sequence analysis test. Of the 22 samples tested, 9 were categorized as either positive or weakly positive with the TaqMan test, and 6 yielded an amplicon using a serial PCR test that amplified a portion of the 23S ribosomal RNA gene. A PCR product suitable for sequencing was obtained from the heart of one of the snakes. Sequence analysis showed that the snake had been infected with Chlamydophila pneumoniae. These findings show that C. pneumoniae can infect emerald tree boas, broadening the range of reptiles known to be infected by this primarily human pathogen.
Planning via heuristic search in a Petri net framework

An artificial intelligence planning system's main components consist of a planner and a problem domain. The problem domain is the environment about which the planner reasons and on which it takes action. In the paper, a special type of extended input/output Petri net is defined and then used as the problem representation for a wide class of problem domains. A planning strategy is developed using results from the theory of heuristic search. In particular, using the developed Petri net framework and metric spaces, a class of heuristic functions that are both admissible and consistent for the A* algorithm is specified. The planning system architecture is discussed, and, as an illustration of the results, two simple planning problems are modeled and solved. >
You should have been there, man: Live music, DIY content and online communities

In terms of technological change and participatory media, the phenomenon of taking and sharing videos of live music events offers an insightful case study for discussing the individual production of online content and interpersonal interactions on social media sites. We use interviews with YouTube users who post videos of live music events to investigate motivations for the capture of personal video recordings, the protocols for sharing of videos, and the roles videos play in online fan activities. Analysis of interviews identifies key motivations for capture and sharing, and exposes tensions between short- and long-term goals of these activities. Further, the results expose differences in attitudes, motivations and practices between mainstream and ‘indie’ concert goers. These findings have implications for understanding participation on social media sites, as well as broader issues of online communities, fan cultures and individual production of media.
Go go games: therapeutic video games for children with autism spectrum disorders

In this paper, we describe the design of a therapeutic video game suite for early elementary children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The purpose of this work is to present our hypothesis that games that are both fun and faithful to evidence-based therapies could serve as a mechanism to reduce the gap between the amount of therapy recommended for children with ASD and the amount they receive. We describe our process of creating a suite of games modeled on Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT), a technique known to be effective in educating children with ASD. We also describe early indicators of game engagement and outline planned future work to test the games' efficacy as therapeutic tools.
Recent advances in the treatment of air leaks.

Purpose of reviewAlveolar-pleural fistulas (air leaks) are an extremely common clinical problem and remain the most common complication after elective pulmonary resection and video-assisted procedures. The decision making process used to manage air leaks and chest tubes that control them has been, u
Alterations in blood plasma and milk fatty acid profiles of lactating Holstein cows in response to ruminal infusion of a conjugated linoleic acid mixture

The production of intermediates during hydrogenation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers was determined by infusing a CLA mixture (41% cis9,trans11-18:2 and 44% trans10,cis12-18:2) into the rumen of lactating cows. Four Holstein cows fed a basal diet were infused for 48 h with doses of 0, 45, 90, or 180 g CLA .d -1 into the rumen. Treatments were ran- domly assigned in a 4 〈 4 Latin square with 4-d experimental periods, and a 7-d transition between periods. Milk samples were obtained at -12 and 0 h before infusion, and at 12 h intervals from 0 to 96 h after infusion. Milk yield and DMI were not affected by treatment. Milk fat concentration was 12% lower, causing an 18% decrease in fat yield, when 180 g CLA.d -1 was infused. Concentration of trans11-18:1 in blood plasma increased in proportion to CLA dose. Trans10-18:1 concentration in blood plasma also increased, and was 240% greater when CLA was infused at 180 g.d -1 . Trans10,cis12-18:2 was strictly a function of exogenous CLA input into the rumen, and ranged from 0.2 to 0.7 mg.g -1 of total plasma fatty acids. Yields of saturated 6:0 to 16:0 in milk fat decreased by 87 g.d -1 when 180 g CLA.d -1 was infused. Stearic acid concentration and yield increased by 25 and 6%, but cis9-18:1 yield decreased, in response to increasing dose of CLA. Yields of trans11-18:1 and cis9,trans11-18:2 increased in proportion to CLA dose infused. Transfer rates of infused cis9,trans 11-18:2 or trans10,cis12-18:2 into milk fat averaged 3% at the highest dose of CLA infused. Milk fat yields of trans10-18:1 and trans10,cis12-18:2 also increased in proportion to CLA input. Lower normalized ratios of cis9-18:1 to 18:0 and cis9,trans11-18:2 to trans11-18:1 in milk fat when CLA was infused suggested CLA reduced desaturation in the mammary gland. Results provide additional evidence that enhanced flow of trans10-18:1 or trans10,cis12-18:2 from the rumen may decrease milk fat yield by reducing de novo synthesis and desaturation.
The Hedonic Method: Value of Statistical Life, Wage Compensation Property Value Compensation

There is no abstract for this book chapter, however it describes how the hedonic method is used to infer the value of a statistical life as well as environmental and other amenities. The emphasis is upon the policy implications of employing this approach, since many others have summarized the technical apparatus.
An Electromyographic Study of the Plantar Flexors of the Ankle in Normal Walking on the Level

This study confirms the indirect knee-stabilizing function of the ankle plantar flexors in walking on the level. By combined simultaneous electromyograms and motion pictures of gait the periods of activity of the ankle plantar flexors and of increasinig knee extension and dorsiflexion of the foot were shown to correspond. Only at the end of the period of ankle plantar-flexor action did plantar flexion of the foot occur. Knee extension took place after the cessation of activity of the quadriceps muscle and did not appear to be produced by quadriceps action. An alternate hypothesis is offered instead of the theory that relates knee extension in the stance phase to movement of the center of gravity in front of the line of support. This hypothesis is that knee extension during the stance phase, in ordinary walking on the level, is brought about by the force of the ankle plantar flexors resisting the dorsiflexion of the ankle, this dorsiflexion being produced by the resultant of the extrinsic forces (kinetic forces, gravity, and the floor reaction). The resultant of the extrinsic forces is greater than the intrinsic force, as manifested by the increasing dorsiflexion of the foot which occurs up until heel-off begins. The function of the calf muscles in toe-off has been widely discussed by other authors and, therefore, is not emphasized in this report. The restraining function of the ankle Plantar flexors in decelerating forward rotation of the tibia on the talus is the key to their stabilizing action.
Scheduling Network Loop Detection

Scheduling applications utilizing computers require some procedure for observing network loop conditions. Although some proprietary programs contain routines to test for these conditions, no efficient algorithms have been published to provide for this analysis. The algorithm described in this paper has been utilized and shown to be an efficient program to detect such error conditions.
Movement: A Secure Community Awareness Application and Display

The proliferation of mobile devices and popularity of appli-cations like Facebook and Twitter has allowed people to stay connected to their far-spread networks. However, little attention has been spent on connections in the local, physi-cal community. These collocated connections are important for building social capital, sharing resources, and providing physical support. Movement is a visualization that uses lo-cation data generated automatically by mobile devices to increase community awareness following a new standard of privacy preservation. Movement also consists of an app that allows for direct connection to people with shared lo-cation histories, again in a secure and private manner. An integrated demo at CSCW will display the popular venues visited by conference attendees and allow users to connect with others who visited the same locations.
Project EHV

THE GENERAL ELECTRIC Extra-High-Voltage Project (called “Project ehv” for short) involves the design, construction, and operation of a complete a-c transmission system which will carry power at voltages from 460 to 750 kv. This system will be a prototype of future extra-high-voltage systems. Data obtained from the system will be integrated with analytical studies, model investigations, and laboratory research in all interested components of the participating companies.
Photonic Crystal Enhanced Microscopy for Imaging of Live Cell Adhesion

Photonic Crystal Enhanced Microscopy is a new label-free cell imaging technique quantifying cell-surface interactions with high spatial resolution for observation of intracellular gradients in cell adhesion strength that occur during adhesion, chemotaxis, differentiation and apoptosis.
Omics Informatics: From Scattered Individual Software Tools to Integrated Workflow Management Systems

Omic data analyses pose great informatics challenges. As an emerging subfield of bioinformatics, omics informatics focuses on analyzing multi-omic data efficiently and effectively, and is gaining momentum. There are two underlying trends in the expansion of omics informatics landscape: the explosion of scattered individual omics informatics tools with each of which focuses on a specific task in both single- and multi- omic settings, and the fast-evolving integrated software platforms such as workflow management systems that can assemble multiple tools into pipelines and streamline integrative analysis for complicated tasks. In this survey, we give a holistic view of omics informatics, from scattered individual informatics tools to integrated workflow management systems. We not only outline the landscape and challenges of omics informatics, but also sample a number of widely used and cutting-edge algorithms in omics data analysis to give readers a fine-grained view. We survey various workflow management systems (WMSs), classify them into three levels of WMSs from simple software toolkits to integrated multi-omic analytical platforms, and point out the emerging needs for developing intelligent workflow management systems. We also discuss the challenges, strategies and some existing work in systematic evaluation of omics informatics tools. We conclude by providing future perspectives of emerging fields and new frontiers in omics informatics.
Signal Separation of Acoustic Emission Based on the Independent Component Analysis

The basic principle of the independent component analysis and the theory for signal separation by the FastICA were presented.Then,simulation experiments has been done to come true the successful application of the blind source separation in the field of composite signal.It shows that this arithmetic has fast convergence speed and be good at stability of waveform,consequently providing an effective technology for the signal separation.
Impacts of Electric Vehicles on Power Systems as Well as the Associated Dispatching and Control Problem

The technical,economic,environmental and policy background associated with the fast development of electric vehicles(EVs) are first clarified,followed by a review of the impacts of the extensive integration of numerous EVs on the power system concerned.The available dispatching and control methods relevant with EVs are next clarified.Then,suggestions are made about research work in the evaluation of the economic impacts of EVs on the power system,the dispatching problem and the optimization algorithm associated,as well as the charging and discharging control problem.
Abstract IA02: Genomic organization of yeast chromatin and gene regulatory complexes

The large number of genes across eukaryotic genomes begs the question as to whether they are all fundamentally regulated in the same manner. Clearly, sequence-specific factors direct gene-specific regulation, but then do all downstream events proceed along a common path? To begin to address this question, we use ChIP-exo to map the precise contact points of proteins along genomic DNA. The near single-bp readout provides structural insights into how proteins are organized into complexes across genomes, and how they might position nucleosomes to regulate gene expression. Multiple classes of complexes occupy nucleosome-free promoter regions: an ensemble of sequence-specific factors and their coactivators, the core transcription machinery, chromatin remodelers and nucleosomes. This talk will focus on identifying common principles that determined how factors and chromatin organize themselves at promoters across co-regulated genes, and in genes in general. Citation Format: B. Franklin Pugh. Genomic organization of yeast chromatin and gene regulatory complexes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Sep 24-27, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA02.
Periorbital Emphysema as a Complication of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

Clinically significant periorbital emphysema is an unusual complication of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). In most instances, it resolves spontaneously without any serious sequelae. Rarely, it can progress rapidly and become severe enough to cause irreversible blindness. We present and discuss the management of 2 cases of periorbital emphysema after FESS.
Bakhtin, Pushkin e a cocriatividade daqueles que compreendem

From the beginning (1919) to the end (1972) of his publishing career, Mikhail Bakhtin very often wrote about the force of creativity. This is a secondary theme, but also a freedom-valuing variant of his grand themes of dialogism, chronotope, carnival, great time. Bakhtin’s definition, which works to disentangle the existing given from the newly-created, helps us in 2015 to rescue creativity from debased usages in the public sphere. One purpose of this essay is to rectify a valuable term: to show what Bakhtin means by “the co-creativity of those who understand.” Another purpose is to specify, with Bakhtin’s help, the type of creativity Alexandr Pushkin achieves in his historical moment, in lyric, narrative, and meditative poems. To the extent we are successful, we continue an ongoing project in Bakhtin studies: to show how his thinking aids in the interpretation of poetry as verbal art.