cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A model of the monetary sector with and without binding capital requirements

Abstract Bank equity is exogenous in the standard deposit-and-loan-expansion multiplier model, so that model is inappropriate for analyzing the interaction between monetary and bank regulatory policies. This paper examines the effect of a binding capital requirement on the loan expansion process. We evaluate how the conflict between the monetary and regulatory authorities evolves when bank equity adjusts to a binding capital requirement. We find that capital requirements are not innocuous for monetary policy. Nevertheless, the monetary authority can assert control over the loan expansion process in the long run, although multiplier values will differ considerably from those in the standard multiplier model.
Effect of culture conditions on mast cell eicosanoid synthesis

When mast cells are grown in culture from mouse bone marrow cells, some cells are in suspension and some attach. The cells in suspension released leukotrienes and thromboxane when stimulated. Removal from the attached cells increased eicosanoid formation in the suspended cells two- to six-fold. The upregulation of arachidonic acid metabolism seemed to be due to an increase in phospholipase activity. The attached cells resembled macrophages in morphology, but stained positively for mast cells and produced PGD2 an arachidonic acid metabolite which is characteristic for mast cells. The attached cells did not synthesize eicosanoids when stimulated with IgE/antigen or A23187. Addition of arachidonic acid caused cyclooxygenase product formation but not leukotrienes. No 5-lipoxygenase was detected by immunoblot analysis. Lack of eicosanoid synthesis was, therefore, due to the loss of 5-lipoxygenase and phospholipase activity, while the cyclooxygenase was preserved. These experiments demonstrate that attachment of mast cells to plastic can significantly alter their eicosanoid metabolism.
Performance of Chicks Fed an Amino Acid Profile Diet Based on Carcass Composition

Abstract Two trials were conducted to determine the performance of broiler chicks fed a diet containing an amino acid profile similar to chick carcass composition. The use of fast growing birds fed a modern nutritionally adequate diet and carcass amino acid levels determined by column chromatography offer a modern approach for measuring this factor. No significant differences in weight gain and feed efficiency at 6 weeks were observed between chicks fed a diet containing adequate levels of all essential amino acids (National Research Council, 1971) and chicks fed the same diet supplemented with amino acids to make the amino acid profile of the diet similar to that of chick carcass. A compilation of two trials shows, however, that the chicks fed the amino acid supplemented diet weighed 2.4 percent more than the chicks fed the unsupplemented diet.
A trans-acting modifier causing extensive overexpression of genes in Drosophila melanogaster.

A modified P element-induced mutation at cytological position 47A11-12 on chromosome 2 of Drosophila melanogaster inversely alters the expression of several genes examined. In addition, the effect is nearly exponential in some developmental stages for five of the eleven genes tested (white, brown, scarlet, rudimentary and vermilion). Interestingly, the exponential overexpression of the transcripts leads to a sexually dimorphic effect, with female levels being greater. The white allele specificity analysis and the lack of response of an Alcoholdehydrogenase promoter-white reporter fusion construct suggest that the 5′ regulatory sequences of white are required for the response. Because the cases of extreme overexpression are more prominent in females than males, the locus is termed Ultra female overexpression (Ufo). Ufo revertants have no discernible effect on the transcript levels, indicating that the mutation is responsible for the modulation of the tested genes. Regulatory genes such as Ufo may contribute to the wide fluctuations in gene expression between tissues and stages of development.
Industrial devolution, underconsumption and the third world debt crisis

Abstract Class struggle at the center of the global economic system achieved high wages for industrial workers, making mass consumption the driving force behind capitalist development. But competition has recently forced capital to abandon production in the high waged center for selected areas of the low waged periphery. Destruction of the demand center creates a tendency towards underconsumption and low growth rates for the global economy. The high costs of modernizing newly industrializing countries are revealed in a sequence of debt crises. Global capitalism thus enters a period when contradictions in its most essential social and geographic relations are the causes of long-term economic problems.
French Colonial Education and Elite Moroccan Muslim Resistance, From the Treaty of Fes to the Berber Dahir

Abstract This article explores colonial education as a site of interaction between French colonisers and elite Moroccan Muslims, from the beginning of the protectorate to the early 1930s. The French administration wished to implement an anti-assimilationist educational policy that would keep Moroccans rooted in traditional culture. However, this policy was challenged by Moroccan elites who hoped to minimise French influence over the traditional institutions of Moroccan society while maximising Moroccan access to French higher education, professions and administration. The resulting compromise was a French-based educational system that was nevertheless steeped in the anti-assimilationist philosophy of the French leadership. This article argues that while the French-based curriculum prompted nationalist accusations of assimilationism, the ethnological, anti-assimilationist ‘meta-curriculum’ complemented the ideas of Moroccan nationalists who denounced assimilationism and challenged the French Berber Policy.
Molecular and cellular regulation of pancreatic acinar cell function.

Purpose of review This review focuses on studies from the past year that have greatly advanced our understanding of molecular and cellular regulation of pancreatic acinar cell function. Recent findings Recent advances focus on signals dictating pancreatic development, acinar cell fate, pancreatic growth, and secretion. Regeneration of acinar cells after pancreatitis depends on expression of embryonic signals in mature acinar cells. In this setting, acinar cells can also transdifferentiate into adipose cells. With the forced induction of certain early and endocrine-driving transcription factors, acinar cells can also transdifferentiate into beta-cells. There has also been an increased understanding of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia and the subsequent formation of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions. Multiple proteins involved in secretion have been characterized, including small guanosine triphosphate-binding proteins, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment proteins, and ion channels. Summary These findings demonstrate the regenerative potential of the acinar cell to mitigate injurious states such as pancreatitis. The ability of acinar cells to transdifferentiate into beta-cells could potentially provide a treatment for diabetes. Finally, the results might be helpful in preventing malignant transformation events arising from the acinar cell. Developments in proteomics and computer modeling could expand our view of proteins mediating acinar cell function.
Indomethacin pretreatment inhibits fever after anodal, but not cathodal, medial preoptic lesions in rats

Pretreatment with indomethacin (15 mg/kg) prevented the fever occurring in unanesthetized rats immediately after unilateral anodal electrolytic lesions of the medial preoptic area. The drug had no effect on the fever if given before cathodal lesions. If given after the lesions, when the fever had begun to develop, indomethacin lowered anodal body temperature back to baseline for varied lengths of time and attenuated cathodal fever.
Internal Waves: Measurements of the Two-Dimensional Spectrum in Vertical-Horizontal Wave Number Space

Thermistor chain measurements of internal wave motions below the thermocline in the western North Atlantic have been spectrally decomposed in vertical-horizontal wave number space. The measured two-dimensional spectrum exhibits a systematic deviation from the corresponding Garrett and Munk model for internal wave spectra.
Plasmonic “Petals” Structure that Gives Strong Magnetic Response in the Optical Domain

We show a “petals” structure composed of interweaving dielectric and plasmonic slabs that gives strong magnetic response in optical domain. The structure is of great interests in optical metamaterial design.
A tensor product factorization of the linear convolution matrix

A tensor product representation of the Agarwal-Burns nesting scheme is presented. In addition to providing a highly compact representation of this approach to nesting, it is shown that the tensor product approach provides the structure needed to easily derive several variant schemes that are well suited for use on vector processor and multiprocessor computers. >
Looking for Race in All the Wrong Places

It has been my honor to serve as president of the Law and Society Association (LSA) for the past two years, and I am delighted to deliver this address as my term closes and as I turn over the reins to president-elect Michael McCann. Let me begin my formal remarks today by acknowledging my mother, Eloyda Gonzales Gomez, and my son, Alejandro Gomez, who are here with me today. My mother is a veteran of many LSA annual meetings, not strictly by choice, but because she is a great mom, always willing to support my endeavors despite having a demanding job as an oncology nurse until she retired a year ago. Alejandro attended his first annual meeting, in St. Louis, when he was 17 months old. We have both benefitted from LSA-subsidized daycare many years running (though not lately). I can’t say that he really wanted to come to another annual meeting (or to this luncheon), but I can assure you that the hotel’s presidential suite was a big incentive. I also want to recognize my father, Antonio Gomez, who is unable to join us here today. He was born at home, in a house without indoor plumbing, in Roswell, New Mexico, in 1941. The youngest of seven children, he was the only one who graduated from high school, but he followed two older brothers into the U.S. Army. Aided by the G.I. Bill, he later attended the University of
Antibody and cell-mediated immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae: implications for vaccine development

It has long been assumed that children develop natural immunity to pneumococci via the acquisition of anticapsular antibodies, which confers serotype-specific immunity to the organism. This view has been further reinforced by the recent success of capsular polysaccharide conjugate vaccines in children in reducing colonization and disease caused by vaccine-type strains. Less clear, however, is whether this mechanism is responsible for the age-related gradual increased resistance to pneumococcal carriage and disease. Recent epidemiologic and experimental evidence point to the possibility that another mechanism may be involved. Here, an alternative possibility is presented, whereby it is proposed that acquired immunity to this common human pathogen is derived not only from natural acquisition of antibodies (capsular and noncapsular) that provides protection against invasive disease but also from the development of pneumococcus-specific CD4+ TH17 cells that reduces the duration of carriage and may also impact mucosal disease. This review focuses on the experimental and clinical evidence in support of this hypothesis. The implications for future vaccine development against Streptococcus pneumoniae are also discussed.
Favors, Bribes, and Altruism

Summary Three experiments were performed to determine the effects of requesting a favor or offering a contingent or noncontingent bribe upon subsequent altruistic behavior. In all three studies a control condition produced the least altruism, although the difference was significant in only one experiment. Although more Ss in the Favor condition were altruistic than in the Bribe condition in all three studies, the differences were not significant. Responses to the request for altruistic behavior appeared to depend upon the nature of the contact, the favor or bribe, and the experimenter, as well as upon the request itself.
Behavior of Implanted α-Al2O3 in an Oxidizing Annealing Environment

The transition metal ions Fe, Mn, Ni, Ti, and Cr as well as the group III-A ion Ga were implanted in a random direction close to the c-axis of α-Al2O3 single crystals. These were subsequently annealed in flowing oxygen at temperatures between 600 and 1500°C. The impurity and damage distributions were determined by He backscattering and channeling techniques. The normally trivalent ions, Fe, Ga, and Cr show strong tendency to become incorporated into substitutional sites, whereas the normally divalent ions, Cu and Mn show no such tendency, even at high temperatures. Most of the impurities tend to move toward the surface with only Fe, Ga, and Cr showing tendency towards bulk diffusion. In all cases the Al sublattice recovers at lower temperatures than the oxygen sublattice.
Regulatory and Functional Diversity of Methylmercaptopropionate Coenzyme A Ligases from the Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Demethylation Pathway in Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3 and Other Proteobacteria

The organosulfur compound dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is produced by phytoplankton and is ubiquitous in the surface ocean. Once released from phytoplankton, marine bacteria degrade DMSP by either the cleavage pathway to form the volatile gas dimethylsulfide (DMS) or the demethylation pathway, yielding methanethiol (MeSH), which is readily assimilated or oxidized. The enzyme DmdB, a methylmercaptopropionate (MMPA)-coenzyme A (CoA) ligase, catalyzes the second step in the demethylation pathway and is a major regulatory point. The two forms of DmdB present in the marine roseobacter Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3, RPO_DmdB1 and RPO_DmdB2, and the single form in the SAR11 clade bacterium “Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique” HTCC1062, PU_DmdB1, were characterized in detail. DmdB enzymes were also examined from Ruegeria lacuscaerulensis ITI-1157, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, and Burkholderia thailandensis E264. The DmdB enzymes separated into two phylogenetic clades. All enzymes had activity with MMPA and were sensitive to inhibition by salts, but there was no correlation between the clades and substrate specificity or salt sensitivity. All Ruegeria species enzymes were inhibited by physiological concentrations (70 mM) of DMSP. However, ADP reversed the inhibition of RPO_DmdB1, suggesting that this enzyme was responsive to cellular energy charge. MMPA reversed the inhibition of RPO_DmdB2 as well as both R. lacuscaerulensis ITI-1157 DmdB enzymes, suggesting that a complex regulatory system exists in marine bacteria. In contrast, the DmdBs of the non-DMSP-metabolizing P. aeruginosa PAO1 and B. thailandensis E264 were not inhibited by DMSP, suggesting that DMSP inhibition is a specific adaptation of DmdBs from marine bacteria.
Impact of ankle-foot orthoses on static foot alignment in children with cerebral palsy.

Background: Children with cerebral palsy who are able to walk are often managed with an ankle-foot orthosis to assist with walking. Previous studies have shown kinematic, kinetic, and energetic benefits during gait with the addition of an ankle-foot orthosis, although the mechanism of this gait improvement is unknown. The ability of orthoses to correct foot malalignment in children with cerebral palsy is not known. The current study was performed to determine the impact of orthoses on static foot alignment in children with cerebral palsy. Methods: A retrospective radiographic review was performed for 160 feet (102 patients). All patients had a diagnosis of cerebral palsy. Standing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the foot and ankle were made with the patient barefoot and while wearing the prescribed orthosis and were compared with use of the technique of quantitative segmental analysis of foot and ankle alignment. Results: Analysis of the foot and ankle radiographs made with the patient barefoot and while wearing the brace revealed significant changes in all measurements of segmental alignment (p < 0.05). The magnitudes of these differences were small (<6° or <10%) and would be considered clinically unimportant. The coupled malalignment of equinoplanovalgus (clinical flatfoot) showed radiographic correction of at least one segment (hindfoot, midfoot, or forefoot) to within the normal range in 24% to 44% of the feet. The coupled malalignment of equinocavovarus (clinical high arched foot) showed correction of at least one segment to within the normal range in 5% to 20% of feet. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that the use of the ankle-foot orthoses failed to improve the static foot alignment in the majority of feet in children with cerebral palsy who were able to walk. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Relationships between Adipose Tissue and Cytokine Responses to a Randomized Controlled Exercise Training Intervention

Adipose-derived cytokines play a prominent role in mediating the metabolic consequences of obesity and excess body fat. Given this, we hypothesized that alterations in adipose tissue stores incurred with exercise training would be reflected in changes in systemic cytokine concentrations. The Studies of Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention through Defined Exercise (STRRIDE), where pronounced changes in adipose tissue stores were observed in the absence of significant changes in dietary intake, provided an ideal setting in which to test this hypothesis. Participants were randomized to six months of inactivity or one of three types of aerobic exercise training regimens: low-amount-moderateintensity, low-amount-vigorous-intensity, and high-amount-vigorous-intensity. Plasma samples were collected at baseline and two weeks after cessation of six months of exercise training or inactivity. In 189 participants, concentrations of seventeen cytokines were measured using Bio-Plex Cytokine Assays (BioRad, CA); ten additional cytokines were measured in sixty of these subjects. Of all cytokines tested, the only concentration changes that approached statistical significance were those for granulocyte monocyte-colony stimulating factor and vascular endothelial growth factor, which appeared to increase with training in the low-amount-high-intensity group only (P<0.05 for both cytokines). No response to exercise training was noted for any additional cytokine in any of the groups. No relationships were observed between changes in cytokine concentrations and changes in fat mass or other measures of body habitus. In contradiction to our hypothesis, despite significant alterations in body composition, exercise training produced limited cytokine responses.
An unusual case of hyperkalaemia in infancy: answer

1. The child has presented in infancy with hyperkalaemia associated with a hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis and a normal anion gap of 11 (normal 10–14). His estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is normal. Hyperkalaemia in the presence of eGFR >15 mL/min/ 1.73 m 2 is generally due to aldosterone deficiency or aldosterone resistance in the distal nephron. The action of aldosterone on the distal nephron can be quantified using the transtubular potassium gradient (TTKG) [1].
He Said, She Said A Quasi-Signal Detection Analysis of Daily Interactions Between Close Relationship Partners

In everyday life, close relationship partners enact behaviors through which they may influence each other. To understand how these exchanges affect partners, previous research has emphasized the enactors' reports, the receivers' perceptions, or the congruence of the two. We developed a strategy based on classic signal detection theory that combined elements from these three approaches in a naturalistic daily experience study. Members of 58 heterosexual dating couples reported daily on their own behaviors and their perceptions of their partners' behaviors. Results showed that an enactor's beliefs about his or her behavior and the perceiver's interpretation combined to affect daily mood and relationship satisfaction. However, different patterns of results emerged for positive and negative behaviors, such that the enactor's perspective accounted for independent effects of negative behaviors. Results show the value of simultaneously considering the perspective of both parties in social interaction.
More on the Sodium Saga

The relationship between sodium (salt) intake and blood pressure has been convincingly established by epidemiological, observational, interventional, physiological, and some genetic evidence for some time. Yet the interaction remains the subject of passionate and heated debate. Even among those who are convinced of the salt–blood pressure interaction, some advocate a population-wide attempt to reduce dietary salt intake, arguing on the basis of epidemiological and interventional evidence, and others who suggest that such interventions should be targeted toward those most likely to benefit: the “salt-sensitive” subpopulation. Studies have characterized such subgroups on the basis of higher blood pressure, increased age or African-American ethnicity.1 The issue is rendered even more compelling by the findings that salt sensitivity can be identified among “normotensive” subjects (ie, those with blood pressure <140/90) as well as those with hypertension1 and the designation of those with blood pressure levels between 120 and 139 mm Hg systolic and 80 and 89 diastolic as prehypertensive2 and at increased risk for development of fixed hypertension and for cardiovascular events compared with those with lower blood pressure.3 Observational data have provided a starting point for the quantitative considerations of dietary salt intake. The most recent (1999–2000) NHANES survey provides an estimated dietary sodium intake based on food records, excluding discretionary sodium, of 135 to 204 mmol per day for men and 100 to 135 mmol per day for women in the United States.4 Questionnaires are acknowledged to underestimate actual intake, and urinary sodium excretion has been shown to provide a more accurate index of total sodium intake because it represents ≈93% of intake at steady-state conditions.5 A recent British survey reported that urinary sodium excretion averaged 187 mmol per day for men and 139 mmol per day for women.5 This was very similar to …
An unusual presentation of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the minor salivary glands with cranial nerve palsy: a case study

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumor entity and comprises about 1% of all malignant tumor of the oral and maxillofacial region. It is slow growing but a highly invasive cancer with a high recurrence rate. Intracranial ACC is even more infrequent and could be primary or secondary occurring either by direct invasion, hematogenous spread, or perineural spread. We report the first case of the 5th and 6th nerve palsy due to cavernous sinus invasion by adenoid cystic carcinoma. A 49-year-old African American female presented to the emergency room complaining of severe right-sided headache, photophobia, dizziness and nausea, with diplopia. The patient had a 14 year history migraine headaches, hypertension, and mild intermittent asthma. Physical examination revealed right lateral rectus muscle palsy with esotropia. There was numbness in all three divisions of the right trigeminal nerve. Motor and sensory examination of extremities was normal. An MRI of the brain/brain stem was obtained which showed a large mass in the clivus extending to involve the nasopharynx, pterygoid plate, sphenoid and right cavernous sinuses. Biopsy showed an ACC tumor with a cribriform pattern of the minor salivary glands. The patient underwent total gross surgical resection and radiation therapy. This is a case of ACC of the minor salivary glands with intracranial invasion. The patient had long history of headaches which changed in character during the past year, and symptoms of acute 5th and 6th cranial nerve involvement. Our unique case demonstrates direct invasion of cavernous sinus and could explain the 5th and 6th cranial nerve involvement as histopathology revealed no perineural invasion.
Theoretical investigation of unsteady flow interactions with a premixed planar flame

This paper presents the results of a theoretical study of the interactions between a laminar, premixed flame front and a plane acoustic wave. Its objective is to elucidate the processes that damp or drive acoustic waves as they interact with flames. Using linear analysis, the characteristics of the acoustic field, the flame's movement and wrinkling in response to acoustic perturbations, and the acoustic energy that is produced or dissipated at the flame are calculated. These calculations show that the net acoustic energy flux out of the flame is controlled by competing acoustic energy production and dissipation processes. Energy is added to the acoustic field by unsteady heat release processes resulting from the unsteady flux of unburned reactants through the flame by fluctuations in the flame speed or density of the unburned reactants. Energy is dissipated by the transfer of acoustic energy into fluctuations in vorticity that are generated at the flame front because of the misaligned fluctuating pressure and mean density gradients (i.e. the baroclinic vorticity production mechanism). The paper concludes by showing how these results can be generalized to determine the response of planar flames to an arbitrarily complex acoustic field. The principal contribution of this work is its demonstration that the excitation of vorticity and fluctuations in the flame speed have significant qualitative and quantitative affects on the interactions between flames and acoustic waves.
More Than a “VCR for Radio”: The CBC, the Radio 3 Podcast, and the Uses of an Emerging Medium

The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's (CBC) approach to podcasting has typically involved the re-presentation of radio programs that effectively extend and promote the broader CBC Radio service. The lone exception to this is the CBC Radio 3 Podcast. This article details the CBC's history with podcasts in order to argue that, up to this point, the format has frequently extended, rather than disrupted, established broadcasting forms and institutions.
Social capital in network organizations

In a dynamic network organization, member agents usually interact to coordinate their actions and to cooperate towards a common goal with which they have no previous experience. These relations allow them to produce a cohesive group to build and maintain their network. This paper will outline the effect of social capital on a network structure inside a network organization.
Bid-price behavior in network RM: Forecast decrementing and bid-price bounding

This article investigates two practical concerns with bid-price control origin–destination (OD) revenue management (RM) systems. First, we examine forecast decrementing methods for the common situation where demand forecast generation is decoupled from booking policy optimization. Second, we explore the impacts of two bounding schemes designed to eliminate bid price declines close to departure. Using the Passenger Origin–Destination Simulator (PODS), we find (i) more sophisticated forecast decrements increase revenue compared with the traditional approach when combined with advanced forecasting methods incorporating passenger willingness to pay and (ii) bid price bounds increase revenue with standard forecasting methods but decrease revenue with advanced forecasting methods.
Are Investors Uninformed or Misinformed? A Proposition and a Test

Fama and French (2006) show passive investment creates outsider efficient portfolio choice when inside information is exogenous. However, in Kane's alternative, investor passivity leads to outsiders' demise. We show that both results are consistent with the Fama-French analysis. It is the initial conditions that differ. Exogenous inside information - learned but not disclosed - produces Fama-French results. Kane assumes inside information is endogenous - generated creatively to maximize insider wealth. This difference is decisive for passive investors. A test shows that Mexico, Turkey and Thailand markets behave as though misinformed; German markets; as though better informed, and United States, best informed.
The Acculturation of Eastern Cherokee Community Organization

5. What special health and medical factors exist in the various regions? 6. Are there indications that the "panic" problem would be different in the wide-open spaces of the nation than in the more urban-industrial areas? 7. Contrast fallout problems, as indicated by present evidence, in the various regions. 8. Contrast the likelihood of chemical and biological attack in the various regions. 9. Contrast the regions as potential "receiving" and "rehabilitation" areas. 10. What special problems relevant for civil defense are involved in dealing with Negroes in the South, immigrant populations in the Northeast, Middle West or other cities, Pacific Coast residents, and the like? In short, what racial, nationality, and local-culture items not previously mentioned may be identified which would affect civil defense activities or problems?
The Quantitative Estimation of Non-Heme Iron in Human Marrow Aspirates

A clinically feasible method for the estimation of non-heme iron in human marrow is described. Marrow aspirates, taken from patients with various disorders, were assayed for non-heme iron, and simultaneous evaluation of the marrow squashes for depot iron was done. The concentration of marrow iron was found to be 2.7 ± 1.9 μ g. per mg. marrow protein. Despite broad agreement between the two methods, correlation is not good. The quantitative chemical assay may be of value in the diagnosis and investigations of the hypo- and hyperferremic states.
Using Scavenger Hunts to Familiarize Students with Scientific Journal Articles.

Primary scientific literature can be difficult to navigate for anyone unfamiliar with its foreign, formal structure. We sought to create a fun, easy learning tool to help familiarize students of all ages with the structure of a scientific article. Our main learning objective was for the student to realize that science writing is formulaic—that specific information is found in predictable locations within an article—and that, with an understanding of the formula, anyone can comfortably navigate any journal article and accurately predict what to expect to find in each section. To this end, we designed a Journal Article Scavenger Hunt that requires the user to find and identify a series of commonplace features of a primary research article. The scavenger hunt activity is quick and easy to implement, and is adaptable to various ages and settings, including the classroom, lab, and at outreach events. The questions in the scavenger hunt can be scaled in difficulty and specificity to suit the instructor’s needs. Over many years of using this activity, we have received positive feedback from students of all ages, from elementary school students to lay adult-learners as well as science teachers themselves. By making the unknown seem predictable and approachable, the scavenger hunt helps a variety of audiences feel more comfortable with science and more confident in their ability to engage directly with the scientific literature. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education
CD40 ligand induces an antileukemia immune response in vivo.

Leukemia cells may express tumor specific antigens in association with Class I and II major histocompatability complex (MHC) molecules. However, lack of expression of conventional costimulator molecules means that these cells tend to induce specific T-cell anergy rather than activation. CD40 ligand (CD40L) is a costimulator molecule that directly activates T cells and may promote antigen presentation by CD40-expressing cells, which include professional antigen presenting cells and B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells from many patients. We determined whether transgenic expression of CD40L could enhance an antileukemia immune response using a CD40+ murine lymphoblastic (A20) leukemia and a CD40− myeloblastic (WEHI-3) leukemia in a tumor treatment model. Injection of otherwise nonimmunogenic A20 cells in the presence of CD40L induced an immune response active against preexisting A20 tumor at a distant site. Moreover, concomitant local secretion of transgenic interleukin-2 (IL-2) further amplified the antileukemic response induced and increased protection against preexisting tumor. In ex vivo studies, CD40 activation of A20 cells enhances the antigen presenting potential of A20 cells by upregulating expression of B7.1 (CD80), Class I and II MHC molecules, and increases expression of fas antigens. The importance of CD40 activation to the resulting antitumor response is further emphasized by the failure of transgenic CD40L to protect against the CD40− WEHI myeloblastic leukemia. Depletion studies showed the protective effects against A20 cells to be mediated by a combination of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and by natural killer (NK) cells. These results suggest a means by which CD40+ leukemia cells may be rendered immunogenic in vivo.
Osteoblast progenitor fate and age-related bone loss.

Histologic studies indicate that the development of agerelated bone loss is due to a decline in the number of osteoblasts present in the bone multicellular unit (BMU), compared to the demand for them 1 . The number of osteoblasts in the BMU is a function of the available supply of new osteoblasts from local progenitors and the life span of the mature cell. Based on these considerations, age-related bone loss must be due at least in part to a reduction in the production of osteoblasts from multipotential mesenchymal stem cells and/or increased osteoblast apoptosis. We have obtained evidence that aging has a deleterious effect on mesenchymal stem cell number via a reduction in self-renewal capacity; and that the production of osteoblasts from these progenitors during aging is reduced by the diversion of multipotential progenitors into the adipocytic lineage instead of the osteoblastic lineage.
Finding A Voice: Gender and Subjectivity in Public Administration Research and Writing

Research and writing on women, research taking a gender perspective, research authored by women, and accounts of women's experiences as public administrators and leaders have been slow to find their way into the literature of public administration. This paper seeks to deepen the current understanding of the gender narrative by examining how and in what ways gender has come to be written into the discipline of American public administration. This paper will ask how American public administration's gender story has unfolded through research and writing, and in answering this question it will use both the metaphor of voice and the concept of narrative. This paper, specifically, will examine gender writing in American public administration from varying perspectives: historical, description/explanation, interpretive, and critique. The author also tells her story about finding her gender voice, in keeping with the personal writing feminist scholars emphasize as a means to interpret one's own experiences. Finall...
Characterization and modeling of SiC MOSFET body diode

In this paper, the static and switching characterizations of a SiC MOSFET's body diode are presented. The static characterization of SiC MOSFET's body diode is carried out using a curve tracer and a double pulse test bench is built to characterize the inductive switching behavior of SiC MOSFET's body diode. The reverse recovery of SiC MOSFET's body diode is shown at different forward conduction currents, junction temperatures and current commutation slopes. In order to evaluate the performance of SiC MOSFET's body diode in different applications, an accurate physics-based diode model is introduced to perform simulations of SiC MOSFET's body diode. The parameter extraction procedure for this body diode model is given. The validation of the body diode model shows good agreement between simulation and experimental results, which proves the accuracy of the model.
Plains lubber grasshopper (Brachystola magna) as a potential intermediate host for Oxyspirura petrowi in northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus).

Oxyspirura petrowi is a heteroxenous parasitic nematode that has been reported in high prevalences from birds in the Order Galliformes experiencing population declines in the USA. There is a paucity of information regarding the natural history O. petrowi, including the life cycle and effects of infection on wild bird populations. In order to study the life cycle of this parasite, we collected plains lubber grasshoppers (Brachystola magna) from a field location in Mitchell County, Texas. We found third-stage larvae (L3) in 37.9% (66/174) B. magna. We determined that they were O. petrowi through morphological comparison of L3 from experimentally infected Acheta domesticus and by sequence analysis. Then, we showed that B. magna are a potential intermediate hosts for O. petrowi infections in northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) in a laboratory setting by experimental infection. We first detected shedding of eggs in feces using a fecal float technique 52 days post infection. In addition, we recovered 87 O. petrowi from experimentally infected northern bobwhites. Although we detected shedding in feces, recovery of eggs was low (>5 eggs/g). Future work is needed to understand shedding routes and shedding patterns of northern bobwhites infected with O. petrowi.
The Use of NMR for the Study of Metal Chelates in Aqueous Solution

Nuclear magnetic spectroscopy has been used to study a number of chelating agents and their metal chelates as a function of solution pH. This has permitted to determine when protonation of the ligand occurs and at what donor group the protons are attached. Such conclusions are made possible by observing the change in the chemical shift of the organic protons within the ligand adjacent to the donor group. The effect of varying the pH upon the NMR spectra of metal chelates permits determination of when metal-ligand bonding occurs in terms of pH and also permits establishment of which donor group of the ligand actually participates in the bonding. In many cases the chemical shifts for the free ligand are different from those for the coordinated ligand. When this is true NMR spectroscopy can be used to determine the correct formula for a specific metal chelate. Studies of chemical shifts as a function of pH also permit determination of stability constants which are related to a specific type of chelate bonding.
Head and Neck Cancer Imaging

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the various types of imaging techniques used for evaluating head and neck cancer, such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET). These methods can be complementary, although each has its strengths and weaknesses. Cross-sectional imaging with CT and MRI provides detailed anatomic information essential for treatment planning. New methods of metabolic imaging such as PET can make a significant contribution to the management of head and neck cancer as well. Improved detection of unknown primaries and local nodal disease by PET may alter initial therapeutic plans. The use of PET for assessing therapy is in its infancy but has the potential to allow physicians to have clearer information about the results of their treatment. Detecting early recurrence more accurately with PET may provide a means of improving the dismal survival rate from head and neck cancer recurrence.
Thornfield and ‘The Dream to Repose on’: Jane Eyre

Though I have said that the meanings of desire cannot be separated out from historical context, the reader of Charlotte Bronte’s novels must engage with fictional texts which present Desire precisely the opposite way. In Jane Eyre, Desire is originary to the search for a psychologically contained ‘self’ — one’s own or other — powerful enough to fulfil or restrain it. For Charlotte Bronte both sexual love and the art of creating fiction itself are figured as ‘dreaming’, acts of imagination which represent virtual survival. ‘The dream’ is, in fact, almost the only resistance — the other is anger — against the condition of ‘vacancy’, the emptiness and smallness of the female self in a society in which there is no place for meaningful work or social gestures. Through the love she both espouses and exposes as a fiction, and the fictions she writes about sexual love, the very blankness of existence is transformed by the author: the ‘vacancy’ of womanhood becomes the creatively open, blank slate of the imagination, on which can take shape the story of what can be done with a woman’s life.
Genetic Transmission of ADHD and Nocturnal Enuresis

The transmission of primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) in relatives of PNE and control probands, with and without ADHD, was examined at the University of California at Los Angeles.
Prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of steroid-induced hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients with hematologic malignancies

To determine prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of steroid-induced hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients with hematologic malignancies We performed retrospective analysis of patients who were hospitalized on any of the four hematology services or bone marrow transplant service and who received systemic steroids during a 2-month period. Mean glucoses for days 1–4 and maximum glucose were calculated and the total daily steroid dose was converted to equivalent dose of dexamethasone. Hyperglycemia was defined as any glucose >9.917 mmol/l during days 1–4. We examined associations between variables using Spearman's correlations and multivariable linear regression 168 patients were included in the analysis. Mean age was 57.1 ± 14.4 years with 59% males and 90% Caucasians. The prevalence of hyperglycemia was 39%. Eight patients received intravenous insulin. In patients without diabetes, steroid dose equivalent to >12 mg dexamethasone and longer acting steroids caused greater degree of hyperglycemia compared to a dose <12 mg. Maximum glucose was a predictor of hospital length of stay among patients without diabetes (but not those with diabetes), and with acute leukemia or stem cell transplant (but not other hematologic malignancies). There were no significant differences in in mortality or other outcomes between the groups with and without hyperglycemia Hyperglycemia is common in patients with hematologic malignancies, which require frequent corticosteroids. Higher steroid dose and long-acting steroids caused a greater degree of hyperglycemia. Maximum glucose was a predictor of length of stay but this was only significant for patients without diabetes, those with acute hematologic malignancy or stem cell transplant.
The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 at Sixty Years, Liberal Reform, and the Search for a Useable Past

The story of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution at sixty years remains contested. The current center-right government led by Prime Minister Viktor Orban at once embraces the Revolution and yet at the same time trumpets the failure of the liberal states of the West. Hungarians are encouraged to view the authoritarian politics of Vladmir Putin as a successful model worthy of emulation. In this light the liberal state envisioned by many of the revolutionaries, let alone the liberal state expected by the European Union stands in contrast with one of the principal tenets of the ruling FIDESz/Christian Democrat (KDNP) coalition. At the same time, the current yearning for an illiberal state accords with a strand of desire more akin to those who supported Cardinal Mindszenty during the Revolution and by extension his sympathy for the authoritarian regime of Miklos Horthy.
Top-Down Proteomics of Large Proteins up to 223 kDa Enabled by Serial Size Exclusion Chromatography Strategy

Mass spectrometry (MS)-based top-down proteomics is a powerful method for the comprehensive analysis of proteoforms that arise from genetic variations and post-translational modifications (PTMs). However, top-down MS analysis of high molecular weight (MW) proteins remains challenging mainly due to the exponential decay of signal-to-noise ratio with increasing MW. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is a favored method for size-based separation of biomacromolecules but typically suffers from low resolution. Herein, we developed a serial size exclusion chromatography (sSEC) strategy to enable high-resolution size-based fractionation of intact proteins (10–223 kDa) from complex protein mixtures. The sSEC fractions could be further separated by reverse phase chromatography (RPC) coupled online with high-resolution MS. We have shown that two-dimensional (2D) sSEC-RPC allowed for the identification of 4044 more unique proteoforms and a 15-fold increase in the detection of proteins above 60 kDa, compared to one-...
Analysis of Measurement Errors in Passive Sampling of Porewater PCB Concentrations under Static and Periodically Vibrated Conditions

Although the field of passive sampling to measure freely dissolved concentrations in sediment porewater has been sufficiently advanced for organic compounds in the low- to midrange of hydrophobicity, in situ passive sampling of strongly hydrophobic polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is still challenged by slow approach to equilibrium. Periodic vibration of polyethylene (PE) passive samplers during exposure has been previously shown to enhance the mass transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from sediment into PE. Herein, we used a new vibrating platform, developed based on our earlier platform design, to demonstrate the effectiveness of periodic vibration for strongly hydrophobic compounds such as hexa-, hepta-, and octachloro-PCBs. Uptake of PCBs in PE after 7, 14, 28, and 56 days under different vibration modes was compared to that under static and mixed laboratory deployments. All PCBs reached within 95–100% of equilibrium after 56 days of deployment in the system vibrated briefly every 2 min...
Concurrent midurethral sling excision or lysis at the time of repeat sling for treatment of recurrent or persistent stress urinary incontinence.

Limited evidence guides operative technique in primary midurethral sling (MUS) lysis or excision at the time of repeat sling placement for persistent or recurrent stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Our objective is to compare subjective improvement in patients undergoing repeat MUS placement with and without concurrent primary sling lysis or removal. This was a retrospective cohort study with a prospective survey of patients who underwent two MUS placements for SUI at a single institution from January 1996 to December 2015. After patient identification, the electronic record was queried for demographic and perioperative data. Subjects then completed the Urogenital Distress Index, (UDI-6), Incontinence Severity Index (ISI), and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7). Subjects were also asked if they would choose to undergo repeat MUS surgery again. Sixty-one patients were included. 17 out of 61 (28%) underwent concomitant primary sling lysis or excision, and 44 out of 61 (72%) did not. Fifty-seven percent (n = 35) completed the survey. Of the respondents, the median ISI score was 4 (1–8), with no difference between groups; 14 out of 35 (40%) reported the presence of bothersome urge incontinence, 11 out of 35 (31%) reported bothersome stress urinary incontinence, and 8 out of 35 (23%) reported symptoms of voiding dysfunction, with no difference between groups. 57% of patients (20 out of 35) would undergo repeat MUS placement again. In a small cohort, concurrent excision of the primary sling at the time of repeat MUS did not improve subjective outcomes. Many patients reported urinary urgency and voiding symptoms, and only about half of patients would choose to undergo the surgery again if given the choice.