cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Characterization of Twelve Microsatellite Loci for Rockfish (Sebastes).

We describe the first microsatellites for rockfishes in the diverse genus Sebastes. Clones containing microsatellites were isolated from the genomic library of a quillback rockfish, Sebastes maliger. Twelve microsatellites are characterized; six of these are polymorphic in quillback rockfish, and eight are polymorphic in at least one rockfish species on which they were tested. The number of alleles per variable locus ranged from 4 to 15 and averaged 6.8. The expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.38 to 0.79 and averaged 0.60 in these loci. These loci should prove valuable in studies examining species identification, population genetics, hybridization, paternity, kinship, and microsatellite evolution.
DNMT1 knockout delivers a strong blow to genome stability and cell viability

The DNA methyltransferase DNMT1 is essential for cell viability in various mouse models, but gene targeting in human tumor cells results in a viable line. This dilemma has now been resolved using a new human DNMT1 knockout line, although new questions arise as to the full extent of DNMT1 function in maintaining genome integrity.
Synthesis and Glass Transition Behavior of High Molecular Weight Styrene/4-Acetoxystyene and Styrene/4-Hydroxystyrene Gradient Copolymers Made via Nitroxide-Mediated Controlled Radical Polymerization

Styrene (S)/4-acetoxystyrene (AS) gradient copolymers were synthesized by moderate-temperature, nitroxide-mediated controlled radical polymerization. Hydrolysis of styrene/4-acetoxystyrene gradient copolymers produced styrene/4-hydroxystyrene (HS) gradient copolymers. Molecular weight (MW) characterization via gel permeation chromatography demonstrated that these materials were made in a “controlled” manner, while intrinsic viscosity measurements revealed that the MWs exceeded 100 000 g/mol, with apparent viscosity-average MW values ranging between 100 000 and 385 000 g/mol, making these materials the first high MW gradient copolymers ever synthesized. Characterization of the glass transition temperature, Tg, revealed different behavior depending on the type of gradient copolymer produced. Using a normal thermal history for measuring Tg by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), linear gradient copolymers exhibited one Tg, with a value intermediate to the Tgs of polystyrene (PS) and poly(4-acetoxystyrene...
High speed phase resolved OCT/ODT for imaging tissue microcirculation with ultrahigh velocity sensitivity

We report a novel phase resolved optical coherence tomographic (OCT) and optical Doppler tomographic (ODT) system that uses phase change between sequential scans to construct flow velocity imaging with high imaging speed, high spatial resolution, and ultrahigh velocity sensitivity.
Scale-Free Networks: A Decade and Beyond

For decades, we tacitly assumed that the components of such complex systems as the cell, the society, or the Internet are randomly wired together. In the past decade, an avalanche of research has shown that many real networks, independent of their age, function, and scope, converge to similar architectures, a universality that allowed researchers from different disciplines to embrace network theory as a common paradigm. The decade-old discovery of scale-free networks was one of those events that had helped catalyze the emergence of network science, a new research field with its distinct set of challenges and accomplishments.
Effect of cholestyramine on digoxin absorption and excretion in man

Six subjects receiving digoxin therapy for heart disease were studied on two occasions with a single oral dose of 0.5 mg of tritiated digoxin. In every study, all stools and urine were saved for 1 week. Before the second study, treatment with cholestyramine, 4 g every 6 hours, was begun and continued throughout. In three patients, a third study was performed after cholestyramine treatment had been continued for 1 month. Results showed that after cholestyramine administration serum levels, stool output and urinary output of tritiated digoxin varied over a wider range, but cholestyramine had no net short-term effect of any of these variables. After 1 month of cholestyramine administration, there was a small statistically significant increase in stool output of tritiated digoxin and metabolites. In vitro studies suggested that cholestyramine is likely to be a weak digoxin binder in the gut and that changes induced by this resin in digoxin metabolism are not likely to be due to drug binding.
Balancing uplink and downlink delay of VoIP traffic in WLANs using Adaptive Priority Control (APC)

In IEEE 802.11 wireless networks, the downlink delay rises as the number of VoIP nodes increases while the uplink delay remains small due to the same chance of media access between nodes and the Access Point (AP). This degrades the capacity and QoS of VoIP significantly. Therefore, we introduce Adaptive Priority Control (APC) to balance the downlink and uplink delay of VoIP traffic at the MAC layer, by giving to the AP a higher transmission priority, which is adaptively decided according to the uplink and downlink traffic volume. And, we verify through theoretical analysis that APC is an optimal method to balance the uplink and downlink delay.
Transfusion Experiments and Survival Studies in Parabiosis Intoxication.

Summary(1) Transfusion of the hybrid mouse in parabiosis with a parental strain partner was followed by shunting of blood to the latter. The hybrid mouse was not benefited. (2) When the hybrid mouse was separated from the parental strain partner 10 days after union, the hybrid mouse showed a temporary weight gain, followed by progressive wasting and death. Transfusion of the hybrid mouse to a normal hematocrit level did not alter this course of events. (3) When separation and transfusion of the hybrid were carried out 6 days after parabiosis, there was a greater gain in weight than in nontransfused controls, and a reduction in mortality from 11/12 to 6/8. In both transfused and non-transfused groups survival time was significantly prolonged, compared to hybrid mice remaining in parabiosis. (4) Transfusion of hybrid mice suffering from homologous disease resulted in a reduction of mortality from 8/10 to 6/10 but otherwise the course of the disease was not altered. (5) Parabiosis intoxication, in the strain...
A progress report on the inhibitory account of retrieval-induced forgetting.

Remembering and forgetting reflect fundamentally interdependent processes in human memory (Bjork, 2011). This interdependency is particularly apparent in research on retrieval-induced forgetting, which has shown that retrieving a subset of information can cause the forgetting of other information (Anderson et al. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition 20:1063-1087, 1994). According to one prominent theoretical account, retrieval-induced forgetting is caused by an inhibitory process that acts to resolve competition during retrieval. Specifically, when cues activate competing, contextually inappropriate responses, those responses are claimed to be inhibited in order to facilitate the retrieval of target responses (Anderson Journal of Memory and Language 49: 415–445, 2003; Levy & Anderson Trends in Cognitive Sciences 6: 299–305, 2002; Storm, 2011b). Interest in retrieval-induced forgetting has grown steadily over the past two decades. In fact, a search of the abstracts at the 5th International Conference on Memory (ICOM, York University, 2011) revealed 40 presentations specifically mentioning “retrieval-induced forgetting,” and nearly twice that number referring to the concept of inhibition. Clearly, researchers are interested in the empirical phenomenon of retrieval-induced forgetting, and inhibition is gaining increasing attention as a mechanism involved in memory. The goal of the present progress report is to critically review the inhibitory account of retrieval-induced forgetting and to provide direction so that future research can have a more meaningful impact on our understanding of human memory.
On Modeling of Atmospheric Surface Layers by the Counter-Jet Technique

A new technique for tailoring mean profiles, thickness, and turbulent structure by spanwise-discrete upstream oriented wall jets with rapidly controllable velocities £/,and angle 0 to the ground is explored in the IIT Environmental Wind Tunnel. The boundary layers can be changed rapidly and reproducibly from outside the tunnel while experiments are in progress. Flexibility of the technique makes it attractive for the hitherto neglected study of sensitivity of measured effects (e.g., wind loads, pollutant dispersion) to changes in atmospheric layer. Separate and combined effects of Uj, 0, and wall roughness on longitudinal mean profiles and velocity fluctuations are illustrated.
Lieuwe van Aitzema and John Milton’s The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce: the Marquette Case

AbstractOn January 29, 1655, Van Aitzema informed Milton that he had commissioned a Dutch translation of Milton’s Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce for two reasons: (1) In Fides publica, Alexandre Morus, a leading French Calvinist minister co-opted by the Royalist exiles in the Dutch Republic, had attacked Milton for his newfangled interpretations of scripture on divorce. As Morus himself was not only suspected of Amyraldian heterodoxy but had seduced Madame Salmasius’ lady-in-waiting while a guest in the Salmasius household, there was lively gossip not so much about Milton’s character as Morus’ disgraceful behavior. (2) Many Dutch were indeed interested in how Milton argued in favor of dissolving marital unions. Three of the most powerful regent families in the United Provinces were even then affected by interrelated domestic scandals, the last of which was just devastating a renowned noble family famous in Dutch military history during the Eighty Years’ War. As Van Aitzema stated, there was in fact muc...
Experimental observation of chirp reduction in bandwidth-enhanced semiconductor lasers subject to strong optical injection

An optically injection-locked semiconductor laser under direct current modulation is experimentally studied. Significant increase in the relaxation resonance frequency is first demonstrated, implying the same degree of enhancement in modulation bandwidth. Under bandwidth-enhanced operating conditions, substantial reduction in frequency chirping is observed, which demonstrates that significant bandwidth enhancement and chirp reduction are simultaneously achieved in experiment. Chirp reduction as a function of modulation frequency is also investigated. Substantial chirp reduction happens at low modulation frequency. However, the frequency chirping reduces less with increasing modulation frequency. The frequency chirping of the injection-locked laser approaches to that of the free-running laser at high modulation frequency. Effective chirping parameter is introduced and analyzed for the injection-locked laser to study the physical mechanism behind the chirp reduction.
A simplified model to predict the performance of FORTRAN vector loops of the IBM 3090/VF

Abstract A simple model is described, which can be used to estimate execution times of vectorized FORTRAN loops on the IBM 3090/VF. Although a number of simplifying assumptions are made in the model (especially concerning the modeling of the cache), the resulting estimates are roughly correct in many cases. In situations where this model is oversimplified or unrealistic, it can still be used as a starting point for more sophisticated performance predictions.
Satellite Observations of New Volcanic Island in Tonga

A rising volcanic plume from an unknown source was observed on 9-11 August 2006 in the Vava'u Island group in the northernmost islands of Tonga [Matangi News Online, 2006]. On 12 August, the crew on board the yacht Maiken, sailing west from Vava'u to Fiji, encountered 'a vast, many miles wide, belt of densely packed pumice' floating on the water (F. Fransson personal communication, 2006). Later, the crew sailed south and discovered that the source of the pumice was a newly erupting submarine volcano near Home Reef (18.991 deg S, 174.767 deg W).
Feasibility Study on the Determination of Fish Freshness by Trimethylamine Headspace Analysis

Trimethylamine (TMA) concentration in fish tissue is an accepted measure of deterioration. In this preliminary study a direct relation was demonstrated between TMA in the tissue and in the headspace above the fish flesh. A relatively simple but precise procedure was developed for measuring TMA headspace concentration, based on air sampling with Carbotrap or Tenax sorbent tubes and subsequent thermal desorption and gas chromatographic (GC) analysis. Sampling and analysis are completed in less than 5 min. Fish freshness determined by TMA headspace analysis was consistent with grading estimated by sensory tests, but the instrumental method provided a more objective and quantitative assessment of quality and an estimation of postmortem age of the fish.
Finding Correlations in Subquadratic Time, with Applications to Learning Parities and Juntas

Given a set of $n$ $d$-dimensional Boolean vectors with the promise that the vectors are chosen uniformly at random with the exception of two vectors that have Pearson -- correlation $\rho$ (Hamming distance $d\cdot \frac{1-\rho}{2}$), how quickly can one find the two correlated vectors? We present an algorithm which, for any constants $\eps, \rho>0$ and $d >>\frac{\log n}{\rho^2}, $ finds the correlated pair with high probability, and runs in time $O(n^{\frac{3 \omega}{4}+\eps}) 0, $ given $n$ vectors in $\R^d$, our algorithm returns a pair of vectors whose Euclidean distance differs from that of the closest pair by a factor of at most $1+\eps, $ and runs in time $O(n^{2-\Theta(\sqrt{\eps})})$. The best previous algorithms (including LSH) have runtime $O(n^{2-O(\eps)}). $ Learning Sparse Parity with Noise: Given samples from an instance of the learning parity with noise problem where each example has length $n$, the true parity set has size at most $k n^{k(1-\frac{2}{2^k})} poly(\frac{1}{1-2\eta})$. Learning $k$-Juntas without Noise: Our results for learning sparse parities with noise imply an algorithm for learning juntas without noise with runtime $n^{\frac{\omega+ \eps}{4} k} poly(n) which improves on the runtime n !+1 ! poly(n) n0:7kpoly(n) of Mossel et al. [13].
Estragole Analogues as Attractants for Corn Rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Adults of two closely related corn rootworms, Diabrotiea barberi Smith and Lawrence and D. virgifera virgifera LeConte, are strongly attracted to two naturally occurring phenylpropanoids, eugenol and estragole respectively. The close chemical relationship of these two kairomones suggested that structure-activity studies of estragole analogues as rootworm attractants would be profitable. During the summers of 1986 and 1987, evaluations of 21 chemical compounds related to estragole revealed several exceptional attractants: 4-methoxycinnamaldehyde and 4-methoxycinnamonitrile for D. v. virgifera , cinnamyl alcohol for D. barberi , and cinnamaldehyde for the southern corn rootworm, D. undecimpunctata howardi Barber.
North Pacific Decadal Climate Variability since 1661

Abstract Climate in the North Pacific and North American sectors has experienced interdecadal shifts during the twentieth century. A network of recently developed tree-ring chronologies for Southern and Baja California extends the instrumental record and reveals decadal-scale variability back to 1661. The Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) is closely matched by the dominant mode of tree-ring variability that provides a preliminary view of multiannual climate fluctuations spanning the past four centuries. The reconstructed PDO index features a prominent bidecadal oscillation, whose amplitude weakened in the late l700s to mid-1800s. A comparison with proxy records of ENSO suggests that the greatest decadal-scale oscillations in Pacific climate between 1706 and 1977 occurred around 1750, 1905, and 1947.
Perceived Effects of Scholarships on STEM Majors' Commitment to Teaching in High Need Schools

This study examines the Noyce Program, which provides scholarships for STEM majors in return for teaching in high need schools. The perceptions of 555 scholarship recipients were investigated using hierarchical cluster analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and Rasch analysis to determine how the scholarship influenced their commitments to teaching in high need schools. The analyses indicated that recipients perceived the scholarship in two ways: it influenced their commitment to complete their certification program and to teach in high need schools. Implications for teacher education programs include that recruitment strategies should identify candidates who are committed to teaching in high need schools and programs should provide experiences to encourage this commitment not just to become certified.
Revisiting the Commons: Local Lessons, Global Challenges

In a seminal paper, Garrett Hardin argued in 1968 that users of a commons are caught in an inevitable process that leads to the destruction of the resources on which they depend. This article discusses new insights about such problems and the conditions most likely to favor sustainable uses of common-pool resources. Some of the most difficult challenges concern the management of large-scale resources that depend on international cooperation, such as fresh water in international basins or large marine ecosystems. Institutional diversity may be as important as biological diversity for our long-term survival.
Cocrystal Structures of NC6.8 Fab Identify Key Interactions for High Potency Sweetener Recognition: Implications for the Design of Synthetic Sweeteners

The crystal structures of the murine monoclonal IgG2b(kappa) antibody NC6.8 Fab fragment complexed with high-potency sweetener compound SC45647 and nontasting high-affinity antagonist TES have been determined. The crystal structures show how sweetener potency is fine-tuned by multiple interactions between specific receptor residues and the functionally different groups of the sweeteners. Comparative analysis with the structure of NC6.8 complexed with the super-potency sweetener NC174 reveals that although the same residues in the antigen binding pocket of NC6.8 interact with the zwitterionic, trisubstituted guanidinium sweeteners as well as TES, specific differences exist and provide guidance for the design of new artificial sweeteners. In case of the nonsweetener TES, the interactions with the receptor are indirectly mediated through a hydrogen bonded water network, while the sweeteners bind with high affinity directly to the receptor. The presence of a hydrophobic group interacting with multiple receptor residues as a major determinant for sweet taste has been confirmed. The nature of the hydrophobic group is likely a discriminator for super- versus high-potency sweeteners, which can be exploited in the design of new, highly potent sweetener compounds. Overall similarities and partial conservation of interactions indicate that the NC6.8 Fab surrogate is representing crucial features of the T1R2 taste receptor VFTM binding site.
An extreme clear air turbulence incidence associated with a strong downslope windstorm

The meteorological conditions present during an occurrence of clear-air turbulence (CAT) associated with the presence of a mountain wave are documented. The incident caused severe vertical accelerations of two passenger aircraft travelling at 33,000 ft altitude. Satellite, pilot report and surface and upper air meteorological data were examined to characterize the situation. The CAT was apparently produced by an unusually strong westerly flow over the Rocky Mountains, causing a lee wave over the foothill regions where the turbulence was experienced. A downslope windstorm formed at the same time as wave activity on three scales: 60 nm, 17 nm and 1 nm in the troposphere. The data suggest that surface observations of severe windstorms in the mountain foothill regions could be used to predict the presence of CAT conditions, especially if combined with available data on lee waves.
New Graduate Program in Hydrogeology at the University of innesota

A graduate program in hydrogeology is described, in which the field is defined as encompassing the whole range of processes operating in water and water-mineral mixtures at and near the earth's surface. The interdisciplinary character of this training is insured by requiring both a minor from another department and course work in other sub-disciplines of hydrogeology in addition to the one in which the thesis is carried out. The importance of nonscientific aspects of hydrogeology is recognized by allowing for minors in fields such as economics and business administration.
Factor H–mediated cell surface protection from complement is critical for the survival of PNH erythrocytes

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) cells are partially (type II) or completely (type III) deficient in GPI-linked complement regulatory proteins CD59 and CD55. PNH III erythrocytes circulate 6 to 60 days in vivo. Why these cells are not lysed as rapidly by complement as unprotected foreign cells, which normally lyse within minutes, remains undetermined. Factor H plays a key role in the homeostasis of complement in fluid phase and on cell surfaces. We have recently shown that a recombinant protein encompassing the C-terminus of factor H (rH19-20) specifically blocks cell-surface complement regulatory functions of factor H without affecting fluid-phase control of complement. Here we show that PNH II and III cells become highly susceptible to complement-mediated lysis by nonacidified normal human serum in vitro, when the cell surface complement-regulatory functions of factor H are blocked. The results indicate that cells deficient in surface-bound regulators are protected for extended periods of time by factor H.
A satellite-based multi-temporal assessment of the extent of nuisance Cladophora and related submerged aquatic vegetation for the Laurentian Great Lakes

Abstract In the Laurentian Great Lakes, the prolific growth of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV, dominated by the filamentous green alga Cladophora) is negatively impacting human and wildlife health, fisheries, and aesthetic conditions. The distribution of Cladophora and similar SAV in the Great Lakes and how that has changed over recent decades has been unknown, and the magnitude of the current problem relative to historic growth is difficult to assess given the lack of field data and monitoring. Here, we present the first comprehensive map of SAV in the nearshore zone of the lower four Great Lakes, where ‘nearshore’ indicates the zone where the bottom reflectance is sufficient to characterize bottom substrate type, using primarily the visible bands of the Landsat TM sensor. Multiple spectral bands were combined to minimize the water-depth-dependent variance in lake bottom reflectance, and pixels were classified as dense vegetation, sparse vegetation or uncolonized substrate. Changes in vegetation cover and water clarity between the mid-1970s and present were also evaluated for several focus areas across the lakes utilizing historical Landsat TM and MSS imagery. The Landsat-based bottom classification achieved an overall accuracy of 83% based on comparison to ground truth data. Lake-wide SAV cover ranged from 15% (Lake Huron) to 40% (Lake Ontario) of the mappable lake bottom based on detection depth. The total mapped area of vegetation corresponds to a conservative biomass estimate of 129 kilotonnes dry weight. The observed changes in the distribution of SAV over time indicate that increasing water clarity in the Lakes is expanding Cladophora habitat.
In vivo phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance reveals lowered ATP during heat shock of Tetrahymena

Cells synthesize a characteristic set of proteins--heat shock proteins--in response to a rapid temperature jump or certain other stress treatments. The technique of phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to examine in vivo the effects of temperature jump on two species of Tetrahymena that initiate the heat shock response at different temperatures. An immediate 50 percent decrease in cellular adenosine triphosphate was observed when either species was jumped to a temperature that strongly induces synthesis of heat shock proteins. This new adenosine triphosphate concentration was maintained at the heat shock temperature.
Ada for parallel, embedded, and real-time applications

The arrival and popularity of multi-core processors has sparked a renewed interest in the development of parallel programs. Similarly, the availability of low cost microprocessors and sensors has generated a great interest in embedded real-time programs. Ada is arguably the most appropriate language for development of parallel and real-time applications. This tutorial provides an introduction to the features of Ada that make it appropriate in these domains including. High level support for low level programming.The task.Communication and synchronization based on shared objects.Communication and synchronization based on direct interaction.Support for compliance with real-time scheduling theory.
Mine ventilation planning in the 1980s

In this paper, the author has attempted to trace the development of mine ventilation planning from the traditional, manual and largely empirical methods of the past to the numerate computer-based techniques of the 1980s. The computer revolution has changed the face of many engineering disciplines, not least mine environmental engineering. Nevertheless, the mining industries of the world have not all been equally progressive in adapting to the flexibility, power and practical utilization of the new methodologies. It is, for example, incongruous that current textbooks on mine ventilation separate completely the topics of network analysis and ventilation planning with very little cross-referencing. Many of the current generation of mine ventilation engineers recognize the need to ‘know about computers’ but find difficulty in translating this into their daily work. The growing availability of self-teaching, friendly software for personal microcomputers, coupled with interactive graphics, will assist greatly in promoting uncomplicated but powerful usage of computers. Young engineers now graduating from universities and colleges have been brought up in a computer-oriented environment and are competent in interacting with these machines. Indeed, they wonder how the job was ever done without magnetic data bases and high-speed computation aid.
Physical aspects of sonoluminescence from acoustic cavitation

Abstract The passage of an ultrasonic wave through a medium can sometimes result in the production of acoustic cavitation which is often accompanied by the generation of light; a process known as sonoluminescence or ‘light from sound’. A brief historical overview of early sonoluminescence (SL) research is presented, followed by a phenomenological description of the physics of cavitation bubble fields. Many of the published results describing the features of SL (pulse duration, phasing, spectra, etc.) are inconsistent and sometimes contradictory. However, recent studies of sonoluminescence from individual, radially pulsating bubbles draw a consistent picture. Single-bubble SL flashes occur once every acoustic cycle and coincide precisely with bubble collapse. The duration of the flash is believed to be ⩽50 ps and the emission spectra indicate substantial heating of the bubble interior. These results suggest that the primary mechanism for single-bubble sonoluminescence is the rapid heating of the interior of the collapsing bubble.
Attentive Interaction Techniques for Searching Virtual Environments

The ability to manipulate the viewpoint is critical to many tasks performed in virtual environments (VEs). However, viewers in an information-rich VE are particularly susceptible to superfluous data and are easily distracted. Attentive Interaction techniques can address this issue by allowing the viewer to explore freely while allowing the system to suggest optimal locations and orientations. In this study, we examine the effectiveness of two interaction techniques. The first technique, called the Attentive Camera, is characterized by the system automatically aligning the viewpoint with the ideal direction of gaze as the viewer explores the environment. In the second technique known as the Attentive Flashlight, the ideal gaze direction is used to aim a spotlight, illuminating objects of interest. Study participants used these techniques to complete four search tasks in a virtual art gallery.
Effect of the distal C162S mutation on the energetics of drug binding to p38α MAP kinase

The binding reactions of the inhibitor drugs, SB 203580, SKF 86002, and p38 INH.1 to the isoforms 1 and 2 splice variants of p38alpha MAP kinase and their C162S mutants, as determined from ITC measurements from 25 to 35 degrees C, are totally enthalpically driven with binding constants ranging from 10(7)M(-1) for SKF 86002 and SB 203580 to 10(9)M(-1) for p38 INH.1. Interactions of p38 INH.1 with an additional hydrophobic pocket of the kinase would account for its large increase in K(b). DSC scans exhibited single unfolding transitions for the isoforms, their mutants, and the mutants bound to the drug inhibitors. Two transitions, however, were observed for the isoform-drug complexes of SB 203580 and p38 INH.1 and were attributed to decoupled unfolding of the N- and C-terminal domains of the kinase. The C-terminal domain of isoform 1 is estimated to be less stable than of isoform 2 by 15 kJ mol(-1).
Verification of a mathematical model for aerosol nitrate and nitric acid formation and its use for control measure evaluation

A mathematical model for the formation of atmospheric nitric acid and aerosol nitrate has been developed and employed to study the effect of emission controls. Based on a Lagrangian formulation of the atmospheric diffusion equation, the model computes nitric acid concentrations from a description of daytime photochemical reactions and night-time reactions involving NO_3 and N_2O_5. Ammonium nitrate formation is computed at a thermodynamic equilibrium between HNO_3 and NH_3, and heterogeneous reactions between HNO_3 and preexisting aerosol are considered. The accuracy of the air quality model's predictions is verified by comparison to O_3, NO_2, HNO_3, NH_3, aerosol nitrate and PAN measurements made for this purpose in California's South Coast Air Basin during the period of 30–31 August 1982. Examination of emission control alternatives shows that reduction in NO_x emissions yields a nearly proportional decrease in total inorganic nitrate levels (HNO_3 + aerosol nitrates). Reduction in NH_3 emissions suppresses aerosol nitrate formation, resulting in higher HNO_3 levels. Control of organic species emissions by the amounts expected in Los Angeles in future years causes a partial shift away from PAN formation toward greater production of HNO_3. Emission control strategies can be formulated that include a combination of controls on NO_x organic gases and NH_3 emissions that will achieve a greater reduction in HNO_3, aerosol nitrate and O_3 levels than a strategy predicated on control of only a single precursor species.
Neurogenetic and morphogenetic heterogeneity in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.

Neurogenesis and morphogenesis in the rat bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (strial bed nucleus) were examined with (/sup 3/H)thymidine autoradiography. For neurogenesis, the experimental animals were the offspring of pregnant females given an injection of (/sup 3/H)thymidine on 2 consecutive gestational days. Nine groups of embryos were exposed to (/sup 3/H)thymidine on E13-E14, E14-E15,... E21-E22, respectively. On P60, the percentage of labeled cells and the proportion of cells originating during 24-hour periods were quantified at six anteroposterior levels in the strial bed nucleus. On the basis of neurogenetic gradients, the strial bed nucleus was divided into anterior and posterior parts. The anterior strial bed nucleus shows a caudal (older) to rostral (younger) neurogenetic gradient. Cells in the vicinity of the anterior commissural decussation are generated mainly between E13 and E16, cells just posterior to the nucleus accumbens mainly between E15 and E17. Within each rostrocaudal level, neurons originate in combined dorsal to ventral and medial to lateral neurogenetic gradients so that the oldest cells are located ventromedially and the youngest cells dorsolaterally. The most caudal level has some small neurons adjacent to the internal capsule that originate between E17 and E20. In the posterior strial bed nucleus, neurons extendmore » ventromedially into the posterior preoptic area. Cells are generated simultaneously along the rostrocaudal plane in a modified lateral (older) to medial (younger) neurogenetic gradient. Ventrolateral neurons originate mainly between E13 and E16, dorsolateral neurons mainly between E15 and E16, and medial neurons mainly between E15 and E17. The youngest neurons are clumped into a medial core area just ventral to the fornix.« less
Epidemic Streptococcal Sore Throat Following a Community Picnic

Following a picnic, nearly half of the persons who attended became ill. Sixty-three of 139 throat cultures were positive for group A β-hemolytic streptococci. Forty-seven of the positive cultures were available for typing, 34 of which harbored the epidemic strain, group A β-hemolyticStreptococcustype T-3/13/B3264. This contrasted with two of 204 controls who had not attended, but harbored the epidemic strain. Food preferences and illness rates implicated the potato salad, and from it the epidemic strain was isolated. The attack rate and case-to-infection ratio among those who attended the picnic was significantly greater for persons over 10 years of age. Prompt institution of chemoprophylaxis could possibly have prevented at least 50% of the cases. (JAMA236:1039-1041, 1976)
Transcription factor Ikaros Represses Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) Expression through an Intronic Binding Site

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a highly conserved and ubiquitous serine/threonine phosphatase. We have shown previously that PP2A expression is increased in T cells of systemic lupus erythematosus patients and that this increased expression and activity of PP2A plays a central role in the molecular pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Although the control of PP2A expression has been the focus of many studies, many aspects of its regulation still remain poorly understood. In this study, we describe a novel mechanism of PP2A regulation. We propose that the transcription factor Ikaros binds to a variant site in the first intron of PP2A and modulates its expression. Exogenous expression of Ikaros leads to reduced levels of PP2Ac message as well as protein. Conversely, siRNA-enabled silencing of Ikaros enhances the expression of PP2A, suggesting that Ikaros acts as a suppressor of PP2A expression. A ChIP analysis further proved that Ikaros is recruited to this site in T cells. We also attempted to delineate the mechanism of Ikaros-mediated PP2Ac gene suppression. We show that Ikaros-mediated suppression of PP2A expression is at least partially dependent on the recruitment of the histone deacetylase HDAC1 to this intronic site. We conclude that the transcription factor Ikaros can regulate the expression of PP2A by binding to a site in the first intron and modulating chromatin modifications at this site via recruitment of HDAC1.
Gas phase activation of carbon dioxide by niobium and niobium monoxide cations

Abstract Guided ion beam mass spectrometry is used to investigate the kinetic energy dependence of the reactions of Nb + ( 5 D) and NbO + ( 3 Σ − ) with CO 2 , and the reverse pathways, NbO + ( 3 Σ − ) and NbO 2 + with CO. These systems exhibit complicated behavior because the ground states of the reactants and products have different spins. To further probe the potential energy surfaces for these reaction systems, NbO 2 + and the intermediates, ONb(CO) + , ONb(CO 2 ) + , and O 2 Nb(CO) + , are studied by collisional activation experiments with Xe. Analysis of the reaction cross sections obtained in this study yield (in eV) D 0 (Nb + –CO) = 0.99 ± 0.05, D 0 (ONb + –CO) = 1.10 ± 0.05, D 0 (ONb + –CO 2 ) = 0.88 ± 0.03, D 0 (O 2 Nb + –CO) = 1.11 ± 0.05, and D 0 (ONb + –O) = 5.71 ± 0.17. Speculative determinations of electronic excitation energies for two states each of NbO + and of NbO 2 + are also made. Combining the results obtained from this study and those obtained from the literature, we are able to generate a fairly complete potential energy surface for the Nb + reaction system. We also compare the reactivities of Nb + , NbO + , and NbO 2 + with respect to the interconversion of CO and CO 2 .
Drug Responsiveness of Field Isolates of Chicken Coccidia

Coccidia were isolated from litter samples collected in poultry houses in Georgia and other southeastern states and from intestinal scrapings from chickens submitted to diagnostic laboratories. The most common species of coccidia encountered were E. tenella, E. acervulina, and E. maxima. Each of the 41 isolates was tested for sensitivity to eight commercial anticoccidial drugs. Most of the isolates were resistant to some of the drugs judged by the parameters of percent weight gain, percent lesion score reduction, and a sensitivity index score. There was a high frequency of resistance to clopidol, amprolium/ethopabate, nequinate, zoalene, and sulfaquinoxaline. A very small percentage of the isolates tested were resistant to nicarbazin, robenidine, or halofuginone.
Effects of Practice Schedule on Wind Instrument Performance: A Preliminary Application of a Motor Learning Principle

The effects of three practice schedules on beginning instrumental achievement were explored. A total of 19 seventh-grade clarinet and saxophone students completed one 18-minute practice session usi...
Fast Contingency Evaluation Using Concentric Relaxation

A fast method for evaluating contingencies either in real time in an actual emergency or for security monitoring is introduced. This method begins with treating the system or a piece of it (a float) as electrically rigid and then gradually relaxing the results tier by tier to account for the actual flexibility of the transmission. The diagonally dominant or dispersive nature of the power system is utilized. Speed of computation is derived from this exploitation of the structure of the problem which also allows explicit solutions for the intermediate steps. Solutions can be obtained in the vicinity of the contingency or at secondary sites like weak cutsets within the system. Computer illustrations of the method are provided and the convergence of the proposed algorithms is proven. No "equivalent" network is used.
Computer-aided optimal turning of stepped shaft

Abstract An analysis for the turning of stepped shaft is performed to select optimally the multi-pass cutting variables by applying the geometric programming concept. A system is developed for the turning of stepped shaft. Several possible manufacturing-system constraints are considered to make the problem realistic. From a practical stand-point, every restriction adds at least one degree of difficulty to the analysis. An example of a stepped shaft with eleven surfaces, of which one is tapered, is considered. The program is run on a VAX-8350.
Academic Confessions of High School Students: An Analysis of Adolescents' Developmental Concerns

30 normally achieving and 24 high school students with learning disabilities from one public high school were enrolled in an exploratory study of adolescents' perceptions of their learning difficulties. Adolescents completed a structured interview based on metacognitive and information-processing theories. Items on which subjects reported the most substantial problems related mainly to attention and organization. Comparison of the frequencies of endorsement of items for each group showed adolescents with learning disabilities most commonly reported problems with use of strategies, retrieval memory, and rapid processing. Current assessment methods and instructional approaches often ignore these crucial aspects of learning and productivity by high school students.
Characterization of isolated fractions of dissolved organic matter from natural waters and a wastewater effluent

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) was concentrated from natural waters and the effluent of a wastewater treatment plant using a portable reverse osmosis (RO) system. The humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and hydrophilic (HyI) fractions were isolated and purified by the XAD-8 resin combined with the cation exchange resin method. The FA fractions predominated in natural waters and accounted for 54-68% of the total amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), whereas the HA and HyI fractions constituted, respectively, 13-29 and 9-30% of the total DOC. The effluent of wastewater was almost devoid of HA and the HyI fraction exceeded FA. The elemental compositions of HA and FA were in the ranges typical for natural humic materials, but the HyI fractions did not exhibit humic character. 1H NMR spectra revealed that the HyI fractions were almost devoid of aromatic protons and the aliphatic region featured more sharp signals than HA and FA fractions, indicating that HyI fractions were consisted of more simple compounds and less complex mixtures. The aliphatic functional groups in these fractions of DOM samples followed the order HA HyI. The rate of Cu complexation with the HyI fraction was faster than the rate with the HA or FA fraction of the Suwannee River DOM, implying that copper reacted with relatively weak ligands faster than with strong ligands.
Vasopressin-Induced Protein Kinase C–Dependent Superoxide Generation Contributes to ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel but Not Calcium-Sensitive Potassium Channel Function Impairment After Brain Injury

Background and Purpose—Pial artery dilation in response to activators of the ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) and calcium-sensitive K+ (KCa) channels is impaired after fluid percussion brain injury (FPI). Vasopressin, when coadministered with the KATP and KCa channel agonists cromakalim and NS1619 in a concentration approximating that observed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after FPI, blunted KATP and KCa channel–mediated vasodilation. Vasopressin also contributes to impaired KATP and KCa channel vasodilation after FPI. In addition, protein kinase C (PKC) activation generates superoxide anion (O2−), which in turn contributes to KATP channel impairment after FPI. We tested whether vasopressin generates O2− in a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent manner, which could link vasopressin release to impaired KATP and KCa channel–induced pial artery dilation after FPI. Methods—Injury of moderate severity (1.9 to 2.1 atm) was produced with the lateral FPI technique in anesthetized newborn pigs equipped with a closed cranial win...
The treatment of pemphigus and pemphigoid

Summary The management of pemphigus and pemphigoid is briefly reviewed. Consideration is given to the use of three intravenous daily ‘bolus’ injections of high-dose methyiprednisolone for the treatment of pemphigus, and to long acting tetraeosactrin (Synacthen Depot) injections with concurrent azathioprine for rapid control of bullous pemphigoid in the elderly. The great value of topical and intralesional steroid therapy used in conjunction with an anti-staphylococcal systemic antibiotic is stressed.
Effect of Warping Restraints on I-Beam Buckling

Elastic lateral buckling moments are computed for six wide-flange beams under uniform moment for a comprehensive range of length to depth and depth to flange width ratios. Support conditions considered are fully fixed about the minor axis, hinged about the minor axis and free to warp, and hinged about the minor axis and warping suppressed. The last condition is reproduced in a prototype by welding a troughlike shape to the web and flanges in a manner that produced a warp restraining torque tube between the flanges. A numerical method is used to obtain buckling moments for the hinged-warp restrained case. The fixed-support condition is easily the superior way of suppressing buckling but that condition is often not easily producible in a practical design detail. On the other hand, the hinged-warped restrained support condition results in significant improvement in the buckling moments and has the advantage of being relatively easy to produce in a design detail.
Conditions Supporting a Culture of Assessment in Student Affairs Divisions at Small Colleges and Universities

This qualitative study explored the conditions that support assessment practice and the impact of the accreditation process on assessment practice in student affairs divisions at three small colleges and universities in the southeastern U.S. Findings indicate that the role of the senior student affairs officer directly impacts staff perceptions of and attitudes toward assessment. Specific characteristics of small colleges also influence how student affairs professionals conduct assessment on their campuses. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Engineering of Bacillus subtilis Strains To Allow Rapid Characterization of Heterologous Diguanylate Cyclases and Phosphodiesterases

Microbial processes, including biofilm formation, motility, and virulence, are often regulated by changes in the available concentration of cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP). Generally, high c-di-GMP concentrations are correlated with decreased motility and increased biofilm formation and low c-di-GMP concentrations are correlated with an increase in motility and activation of virulence pathways. The study of c-di-GMP is complicated, however, by the fact that organisms often encode dozens of redundant enzymes that synthesize and hydrolyze c-di-GMP, diguanylate cyclases (DGCs), and c-di-GMP phosphodiesterases (PDEs); thus, determining the contribution of any one particular enzyme is challenging. In an effort to develop a facile system to study c-di-GMP metabolic enzymes, we have engineered a suite of Bacillus subtilis strains to assess the effect of individual heterologously expressed proteins on c-di-GMP levels. As a proof of principle, we characterized all 37 known genes encoding predicted DGCs and PDEs in Clostridium difficile using parallel readouts of swarming motility and fluorescence from green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressed under the control of a c-di-GMP-controlled riboswitch. We found that 27 of the 37 putative C. difficile 630 c-di-GMP metabolic enzymes had either active cyclase or phosphodiesterase activity, with agreement between our motility phenotypes and fluorescence-based c-di-GMP reporter. Finally, we show that there appears to be a threshold level of c-di-GMP needed to inhibit motility in Bacillus subtilis.
CDK8 is a positive regulator of transcriptional elongation within the serum response network

The Mediator complex allows communication between transcription factors and RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8), the kinase found in some variants of Mediator, has been characterized mostly as a transcriptional repressor. Recently, CDK8 was demonstrated to be a potent oncoprotein. Here we show, using a human tumor cell line, that CDK8 is a positive regulator of genes within the serum response network, including several members of the activator protein 1 and early growth response family of oncogenic transcription factors. Mechanistic studies show that CDK8 is not required for RNAPII recruitment or promoter escape. Instead, CDK8 depletion leads to the appearance of slower elongation complexes carrying hypophosphorylated RNAPII. CDK8-Mediator regulates precise steps in the assembly of the RNAPII elongation complex, including the recruitment of positive transcription elongation factor b and BRD4. Furthermore, CDK8-Mediator specifically interacts with positive transcription elongation factor b. Thus, we have uncovered a role for CDK8 in transcriptional regulation that may contribute to its oncogenic effects.