cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Study of Epstein-Barr virus early RNA1 (EBER1) expression by in situ hybridization in thymic epithelial tumors of Chinese patients in Taiwan

Forty-one thymic epithelial tumors from Chinese patients in Taiwan, including 14 noninvasive thymomas, seven invasive thymomas, and 20 thymic carcinomas, were investigated for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus transcripts by in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled riboprobes for EBER1 expressions. None of the 14 noninvasive thymomas or seven invasive thymomas had detectable EBER1. Only one of 20 thymic carcinomas was positive for EBER1. This positive tumor was a lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma found in a 19-year-old patient. Four different cases of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma were negative. Of note, the present case and all previously reported cases of Epstein-Barr virus-associated thymic carcinomas were lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas. These results are consistent with those of several Western studies and do not support the view that there are geographic or racial differences affecting the role of Epstein-Barr virus in the pathogenesis of thymic epithelial tumors.
Unimolecular Electrical Rectification Down to 105 K, and Spectroscopy of Hexadecylquinolinium Tricyanoquinodimethanide

A Langmuir-Blodgett monolayer of γ-(n-hexadecyl)quinolinum tricyanoquinodimethanide, C16H33Q-3CNQ (1), sandwiched between Al electrodes, shows asymmetric DC electrical conductivity between 370 K and 105 K. The enhanced forward current is attributable to rectification of electrical current by a single molecule, and is explained by an electronic transition from a high-moment zwitterionic ground state to a low-moment undissociated first excited state.
Mortality Experience in a Group of Asbestos Workers

(1967). Mortality Experience in a Group of Asbestos Workers. Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal: Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 177-180.
Pheochromocytoma in Neurofibromatosis Type 1: When Should it Be Suspected?

Objective: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) carries an increased risk of pheochromocytoma. Most experts recommend that NF1 patients be screened for pheochromocytoma if hypertension develops. We sought to compare NF1 and non-NF1 patients with pheochromocytoma.Methods: Retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database of all patients undergoing pheochromocytoma resection by a single surgeon from 2003-2012. Statistical significance was evaluated using Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables.Results: Of 56 patients undergoing pheochromocytoma resection, 6 (11%) had NF1. All 6 (100%) NF1 patients had pheochromocytoma diagnosed incidentally during work-up for another condition, whereas 28 of 50 (56%) non-NF1-associated pheochromocytomas were diagnosed incidentally (P = .071). Hypertension was present in 1 (17%) NF1 patient and in 37 (74%) of the non-NF1 patients (P = .011). Tumors were significantly smaller in NF1 patients compared with non-...
Asthma in Older Adults

Asthma is underdiagnosed and undertreated in older adults. The classic symptoms, including episodic wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness, are nonspecific in this age group. Older patients may underrate symptoms, and other diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, and angina, may have similar presentations. Objective measurements of lung function always should complement the history taking and physical examination. Management of asthma in older adults should include careful monitoring, controlling triggers, optimizing and monitoring pharmacotherapy, and providing appropriate asthma education. Adverse effects to commonly used asthma medications are more common in older adults, and careful monitoring of their use and adverse effects is important.
Effect of nitrogen source, stage of maturity, and fermentation time on pH and organic acid production in corn silage.

Abstract Two hundred and ninety-four plastic bag silos were prepared to determine the effect of adding urea or soybean meal on the corn plant fermentation process. Urea was added at 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0% of fresh silage weight at ensiling. Equivalent amounts of nitrogen from soybean meal were added for a comparative treatment. The corn was harvested at three stages of maturity, 25.6, 30.4, and 52.0% dry matter. Only the lowest level of urea and soybean meal was added to the silage containing 52.0% dry matter. Triplicate silages were prepared and analyzed after 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 7, 21, and 42 days of storage. Over all treatments the average pH of urea-treated corn silage (4.85) was higher than that of soybean meal-treated corn silage (4.69). Differences between treatments after 42 days of fermentation were greater with either low or high dry matter silages than with medium dry matter. Total organic acid concentration declined from 11.94% of dry matter in low dry matter samples after 42 days of storage to 3.14% of dry matter in high dry matter samples averaged over all treatments. The concentration of these acids increased (P
Interrelations among plant nutrients application levels on yield of potatoes

These studies were made to determine the effect of applied nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on yields of autumn crops of potatoes grown in Panjab. The application of 225 lb of nitrogen per acre resulted in high yields in the double row method of planting used. The estimated optimum rate of nitrogen per acre was 270 lb. Response of the crop to nitrogen seemed to be affected by soil types and seasonal weather conditions. Addition of 75 lb of phosphorus per acre increased yields significantly in one experiment and its value seems to depend upon soil nutrient level, previous soil treatment, and weather conditions. Seventy-five pounds of potassium did not increase yields; however, a modest amount of potassium to avoid soil depletion is probably desirable as a safeguard for high yields.
Comparing chronic interpersonal and noninterpersonal stress domains as predictors of depression recurrence in emerging adults

Understanding how persistent interpersonal difficulties distinctly affect the course of major depressive disorder (MDD) during emerging adulthood is critical, given that early experiences impact future coping resources and functioning. Research on stress and MDD has mostly concentrated on stressful life events, while chronic stress largely has not been explored. The present study examined interpersonal (intimate relationship, close friendships, social life, family relationships) and noninterpersonal (academic, work, financial, personal health, and family members' health) domains of chronic stress as time-varying predictors of depressive recurrence in emerging adults. Baseline assessments identified previously depressed emerging adults (N = 119), who subsequently completed 6-month, 12-month and 18-month follow-up interviews to determine chronic stress experiences and onset of new major depressive episodes. Survival analyses indicated that time-varying total chronic stress and chronic interpersonal stress predicted higher risk for depression recurrence; however, chronic noninterpersonal stress was not associated with recurrence. Intimate relationship stress, close friendship stress, family relationship stress, personal health, and family members' health independently predicted MDD recurrence, over and above well-established depression risk factors of dysfunctional cognitions and personality disorder symptoms. Evidence that interpersonal stress could have substantial impact on course of depression is consistent with theories of emerging adulthood, a time when young people are individuating from the family and experiencing significant social transition.
On International and National Dimensions of Risk Sharing

This paper contributes to the empirical literature that tests the implications of risk sharing across regions or countries. Rather than test the null of full insurance, the estimation method produces a parameter that measures the fraction of the annuity value of individual income that individuals of different regions (or nations) pool. Comparing the provinces of Canada, the states of the United States, and the G-7 countries, I find similar degrees of risk sharing within regions of Canada and the U.S. that exceed the risk sharing that occurs across countries. Specifically, more than two-thirds of the fitted annual variation in regional consumption is common to all regions compared to less than one-third in the case of G-7 countries.
Baseline mass resolution of peptide isobars: a record for molecular mass resolution.

Baseline resolution of two peptides, RVMRGMR and RSHRGHR, of neutral monoisotopic mass, ∼904 Da, has been achieved by microelectrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry at a mass resolving power of ∼3 300 000. The elemental compositions of these molecules differ by N4O vs S2H8 (0.000 45 Da), which is less than one electron's mass (0.000 55 Da)! This result establishes a new record for the smallest resolved mass difference between any two molecules. This achievement is made possible by a combination of high magnetic field (9.4 T), large-diameter (4-in.) Penning trap, and low ion density. The implications for proteomics based on accurate mass measurements are discussed briefly.
AN EPIZOOTIC OF HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE IN WHITE-TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS) IN MISSOURI: NECROPSY FINDINGS AND POPULATION IMPACT

An epizootic occurred among white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from July through October 1988 in Missouri (USA). From late July through September, nine necropsied deer had lesions of the peracute or acute forms of hemorrhagic disease (HD) or no apparent lesions, whereas two deer necropsied in October had lesions of the chronic form of HD. Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus was isolated from two necropsied deer. Based on changes in population indices, there is evidence that deer populations declined in seven of Missouri's 57 deer management units from 1987 to 1990. Based on a deterministic model designed to simulate deer populations in management units, it appeared that summer and fall 1988 mortality ranging from 6% to 16% accounted for the population decreases in deer management units with population declines. Heavily hunted areas where high deer mortality was not reported in the summer and fall of 1988 did not have population declines. Based on these results, we believe that HD mortality was hig...
Transient Myocardial Damage Secondary to Extravasation of Contrast Material during Left Ventricular Angiocardiography

In a patient with moderate valvular aortic stenosis transient myocardial injury resulted from extravasation of contrast material into the posterolateral wall of the left ventricle during selective left ventricular cineangiocardiography via the transseptal approach. The patient developed anterior upper chest pain, runs of idioventricular rhythm followed by spontaneous return to sinus rhythm with elevated ST segments, and increase in serum transaminase levels. Lack of previous reports of transient myocardial damage secondary to extravasation of contrast material, increased possibility of such accidents with increased use of selective left ventricular angiocardiography, and possible preventive methods were emphasized.
Feminism under the Raj: Complicity and resistance in the writings of Flora Annie Steel and Annie Besant

Abstract This article focuses on the autobiographical writings of Flora Annie Steel and Annie Besant to assess how living in India under the British Raj shaped their analysis of race, class, and power, and feminism. Steel and Besant were exact contemporaries, born in 1847, married at age 20, bearing two children each. Both lived in India for at least 20 years, learned several Indian languages, and wrote numerous books, including some about women's issues. Steel and Besant were members of the second generation of feminists who came of age after the defeat of Mill's petition for women's suffrage, and their writings reflect many of the tensions characterizing feminism from 1870 to 1920, especially in their positions on authoritarianism, class solidarity, female sexuality, and suffrage. This essay suggests the undocumented role that imperialism may have played in shaping British feminism in the second half of the 19th century. Their writings show how the nation-state forced them to define themselves as either “loyal or disloyal to civilization.” Steel saw herself as a suffragette while maintaining an otherwise “loyal,” racist, elitist, and politically conservative analysis of British and Indian society; Besant transcended many of these racist and classist assumptions and came to define herself, finally, as disloyal to British civilization because of her support first for birth control and later for Indian nationalism.
Okfuskee: A Creek Indian Town in Colonial America – By Joshua Piker

Few topics have received more scholarly attention in recent years than the Creek Indians during the late colonial and early national periods. Works by Steven C. Hahn and Andrew Frank have expanded ...
Nasal contribution to breathing with exercise: effect of race and gender

Because the nose acts as a filter to prevent penetration of toxic particles and gases to the lower respiratory tract, the route of breathing, oral vs. nasal, may be an important determinant of toxi...
Filamentation-Driven Time-Frequency Gating of Isolated Attosecond Pulses

Attosecond pulses are generated by a macroscopic number of ionizing atoms interacting with an intense laser pulse. We will focus on the influence of filamentation on isolated attosecond pulse generation via high harmonic generation.
Cerebrospinal fluid immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing hormone and adrenocorticotropin secretion in Cushing's disease and major depression: potential clinical implications.

To explore whether possible differences in central nervous system neuromodulators contribute to the differential presentation of affective symptomatology in Cushing's disease and major depression, we examined the levels of immu-noreactive CRH and ACTH in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 11 patients with Cushing's disease, a patient with ectopic ACTH secretion, 34 patients with major depression, and 60 healthy subjects. We elected to measure these peptides not only because both are classically involved in pituitary-adrenal regulation, but also because their primarily arousal-producing and anorexigenic behavioral effects in experimental animals suggest that they may play a role in the symptom complex of depressive syndromes. We also explored whether the CSF levels of these peptides were more helpful in determining the often difficult differential diagnosis between major depression and Cushing's disease than the plasma ACTH response to ovine CRH, a currently used but somewhat insensitive laboratory means of ...
Parallel processing approach for radiative heat transfer prediction in participating media

A unified matrix formulation for node-to-node-based radiative exchange in isotropically scattering inhomogeneous media is developed using the discrete exchange factor method. Computational implementations of the unified matrix formulation on serial and parallel computers are compared. 15 refs.
Identification of formate from methanol oxidation on Cu(100) with infrared spectroscopy

Abstract Reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy has been used to detect formate (OOCH) following the adsorption of methanol on an oxygen precovered Cu(1 0 0) surface. Formate is identified from a weak peak at 1340 cm−1 due to the symmetric OCO stretch. This assignment is supported by a redshift of the 1340 cm−1 peak to 1317 cm−1 when the surface is precovered with 18 O . The amount of formate reaches a maximum for an intermediate oxygen coverage and is undetectable for both low and saturation oxygen coverages.
Nortriptyline in chronic fatigue syndrome: A double blind, placebo-controlled single case study

Designated in 1988, the chronic fatigue .2;,ndrome (CFS) is characterized by debilitating exhaustion and multiple physical and psychiatric symptoms. Researchers have suggested the syndrome is a heterogeneous immunologic disorder that follows viral infection (Swartz 1988; Levine et a! 1989). Komaroff et al (1990) found elevated levels of circulating imraune complexes in CFS patients regardless of whe~er they had past psychiatric illness. However, patients with a history of major mood or anxiety disorders experienced greater immunologic activation and functional morbidity. Research is needed to elucidate whether CFS is an organic psychiatric illness secondary to chronic infection, or an affcctive/anxiety disorder that produces immunologic dysfunction and secondary viral reactivation. Antidepressants have been recommended for CFS patiem~ (Wessely et al 1989). This report presents a double-blind, placebo-centrolled investigation of nor~riptyline pharr~mcotherapy in a woman with CFS.
Marketing mix response to entry in segmented markets

Abstract We extend the analysis of response to entry to a more realistic situation where discrete market segments allocate their demand over a set of available brands in the market. We find that the direction and magnitude of the optimal changes in price and marketing spending depend on the location of the incumbent relative to the entrant and the competitive interdependence of the incumbents as determined by the degree of overlap among the segment's choice sets.
PCP and ketamine inhibit non-NMDA glutamate receptor mediated hsp70 induction.

The physiological model for glutamate receptor mediated excitotoxicity entails elevation of intraneuronal calcium levels. Excessive activation of the NMDA receptor leads to excitotoxicity by prolonged calcium influx via its calcium channel. The purpose of this research was to examine the mechanism of non-NMDA glutamate receptor mediated excitotoxicity. Mammalian AMPA receptors do not show significant calcium conductance. However, some kainate receptors show significant calcium conductance. The hypothesis of this research states that non-NMDA glutamate agonists (quisqualate (5 microliters of 2 mg/ml i.c.v.), AMPA (4 microliters of 1 mg/ml i.c.v.), and kainate (15 mg/kg i.p.)) produce significant heat shock gene, hsp70, induction via glutamate release with subsequent opening of the NMDA receptor calcium channel. PCP (phencyclidine) and ketamine are noncompetitive blockers of the NMDA calcium channel. They act to prevent significant NMDA receptor excitotoxicity. PCP (20 mg/kg i.p.) and ketamine (60 mg/kg i.p.) both diminished quisqualate and AMPA hsp70 induction in the CA1, CA2, CA3 areas of the hippocampus, in the polymorph area of the dentate gyrus, and in the parietal neocortex. PCP significantly (P < 0.05) diminished kainate hsp70 induction only in the CA1 area and the neocortex. Ketamine failed to reduce kainate hsp70 induction. AMPA receptors appear to result in excitotoxic damage via glutamate release. Glutamate opens NMDA receptor calcium channels which increases intraneuronal calcium levels. Kainate receptors probably mediate excitotoxicity via direct calcium conductance with glutamate release being important in the CA1 area and neocortex.
Glucagon-like peptide-1.

There is a progressive impairment in beta-cell function with age. As a result, 19 percent of the U.S. population over the age of 65 is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a potent insulin secretagogue that has multiple synergetic effects on the glucose-dependent insulin secretion pathways of the beta-cell. This peptide and its longer-acting analog exendin-4 are currently under review as treatments for type 2 DM. In our work on the rodent model of glucose intolerance in aging, we found that GLP-1 is capable of rescuing the age-related decline in beta-cell function. We have shown that this is due to the ability of GLP-1 to 1) recruit beta-cells into a secretory mode; 2) upregulate the genes of the beta-cell glucose-sensing machinery; and 3) cause beta-cell differentiation and neogenesis. Our investigations into the mechanisms of action of GLP-1 began by using the reverse hemolytic plaque assay to quantify insulin secretion from individual cells of the RIN 1046-38 insulinoma cell line in response to acute treatment with the peptide. GLP-1 increases both the number of cells secreting insulin and the amount secreted per cell. This response to GLP-1 is retained even in the beta cell of the old (i.e., 22-month), glucose-intolerant Wistar rat, which exhibits a normal, first-phase insulin response to glucose following an acute bolus of GLP-1. Preincubation with GLP-1 (24 hours) potentiates glucose- and GLP-1-dependent insulin secretion and increases insulin content in the insulinoma cells. Treatment of old Wistar rats for 48 hours with GLP-1 leads to normalization of the insulin response and an increase in islet insulin content and mRNA levels of GLUT 2 and glucokinase. PDX-1, a transcriptional factor activator of these three genes, also is upregulated in the insulinoma cell line in aged rats and diabetic mice following treatment with GLP-1. Administration of GLP-1 to old rats leads to pancreatic cell proliferation, insulin-positive clusters, and an increase in beta-cell mass. This evidence led us to believe that GLP-1 is an endocrinotrophic factor. We used an acinar cell line to show that GLP-1 can directly cause the conversion of a putative pro-endocrine cell into an endocrine one. Thus, the actions of GLP-1 on the beta-cell are complex, with possible benefits to the diabetic patient that extend beyond a simple glucose-dependent increase in insulin secretion. The major limitation to GLP-1 as a clinical treatment is its short biological half-life. We have shown that the peptide exendin-4, originating in the saliva of the Gila monster, exhibits the same insulinotropic and endocrinotrophic properties as GLP-1 but is more potent and longer acting in rodents and humans.
Empirical equivalence and underdetermination

Jarrett Leplin in A Novel Defense of Scientific Realism (1997) argues that if the thesis of empirical equivalence is cogent, then the thesis of underdetermination cannot even get off the ground. Part of Leplin's argument rests on the claim that auxiliary hypotheses can be independently confirmed, thus enabling us to determine the epistemic worth of a theory. This, in turn, helps in determining about what we should be realists. Leplin's claims are demonstrated to be problematic. Leplin wants, inconsistently, to use only those auxiliary hypotheses which dovetail with confirmed theories. Finally, a detail of Leplin's argument is found wanting.
Comparing scalable programming techniques for weather prediction

In this paper we study the of issues of programmability and performance in the parallelization of weather prediction models. We compare parallelization using a high level library (the Nearest Neighbor Tool: NNT) and a high level language/directive approach (High Performance Fortran: HPF). We report on the performance of a complete weather prediction model (the Rapid Update Cycle, which is currently run operationally at the National Meteorological Center at Washington) coded using NNT. We quantify the performance effects of optimizations possible with NNT that must be performed by an HPF compiler.
What Is Postmodernism and How Is It Relevant to Engaged Pedagogy

This article identifies some of the advantages of using a postmodern approach in the psychology classroom. A postmodern pedagogical stance has special relevance for faculty who teach abnormal psychology insofar as postmodernism encourages reflexivity and increases students' awareness of social justice issues. I provide specific ideas for classroom activities and assignments that enhance students' critical thinking skills and their engagement in the learning process. In addition to abnormal psychology, these suggestions and activities are appropriate for use in courses such as introductory psychology, personality theory, ethics, and cross-cultural psychology.
Hemiballism-hemichorea. Clinical and pharmacologic findings in 21 patients

• In this series of 21 patients with hemiballism-hemichorea we found an identifiable cause in all. Unlike most other studies in which stroke was the most important cause of the movement disorder, in almost half (10 of 21) of our patients some other cause was found. Hemiballismhemichorea was often the presenting feature of underlying medical disease. Besides the subthalamic nucleus, other subcortical structures may be involved in the pathogenesis of this hemihyperkinesia. While the movement disorder often improves spontaneously or with pharmacologic therapy, the underlying disease may result in serious consequences.
Emerging trends in the relationship between infant mortality and socioeconomic status

Abstract This research examines the infant mortality/socioeconomic status relationship in Toledo, Ohio, for the years centering around 19S0, 1960, and 1970 in order to depict variables that contributed most to infant mortality for each time period. Zero‐order correlation coefficients demonstrated that the relationship has widened mainly as a result of an increasing inverse neonatal/socioeconomic pattern which was due in part to a “cause‐period cross‐over effect” (exogenous causes of death were contributing to deaths in the neonatal period in 1970). Further examination suggested that the status variables through which the differentials were operating have shifted from one time period to another. In 1950, crowded housing conditions and unemployment were primarily responsible; in 1960, it was housing and income; and in 1970, marital instability and income predominated. This paper suggests that as new social phenomena emerge they quickly affect sensitive indicators of well‐being such as the infant mortality rate.
Applied physiology of tennis performance

Competitive tennis play requires a combination of the major physiological variables; however, the specifics of these variables have yet to be determined appropriately. General strength and flexibility training have been suggested as being beneficial for performance and injury prevention, yet specific guidelines are lacking. This paper provides a review of specific studies that relate to competitive tennis, and highlights the need for tennis-specific training as opposed to generalised physical training. It identifies specific studies that support the premise that tennis has physiological requirements which need to be understood when designing training and research programmes.
Estimated calf and perinatal mortality in western North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis)

Reduced reproductive success has contributed to lack of recovery of the endangered western North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis). Here we examined the specific life history period from just before birth through the first year to estimate calf and perinatal losses between 1989 and 2003. The lower bound estimate (17 mortalities from 208 calving events) included documented calf mortalities and presumed deaths from serious injury or disappearance from the sighting record. The upper bound estimated potential calf losses from females with delayed first parturition (> 10 yr) and shortened (2 yr) or lengthened (≥4 yr) calving intervals, if the female migrated to the calving ground during these intervals. Because cows were sighted in the calving ground predominantly in years when they were available to calve, adult females sighted there in a possible calving year without a calf were assumed to have experienced a perinatal loss. Twenty-eight potential perinatal losses were detected, bringing the upper bound of calf and perinatal mortality to 45 (3.0 calves/yr). The high frequency of lengthened calving intervals in E. glacialis suggests that abortion and neonatal losses are contributing to lower reproductive success compared to Southern Hemisphere right whales (Eubalaena australis).
Interpersonal Complementarity, Gender of Interactants, and Performance on Puzzle and Word Tasks

Using a circumplex model of interpersonal acts, subjects were placed in complementary (reciprocal on control and similar in affect) or anticomplementary (similar on control and reciprocal in affect) dyads to test Sullivan's assumption that complementary transactions facilitate relationships. It was predicted that complementary dyads would perform better than anticomplementary ones on jigsaw puzzle and word generation tasks. Both hostile and friendly types of complementary dyads were composed of mixed- and same-under pairings. Analyses revealed, as predicted, that whether they were hostile or friendly, complementary dyads peformed better than anticomplementary ones on the jigsaw puzzle task and tended to perform better on the word generation task However in addition, it was found that hostile complementary dyads with a male dominant and a female submissive consistent{y put few pieces of the jigsaw puzzle together than the other complementary pairings. Results are discussed within an interpersonal theory fr...
UWB High-Isolation Directive Coupled-Sectorial-Loops Antenna Pair

In this letter, we present a transmit/receive antenna pair for radar and communications applications. The overall antenna pair size is , where is the wavelength at the minimum operating frequency. The concept of this antenna is based on the sectorial-loops antenna backed with a cylindrical cavity. A prototype antenna pair is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measurement results show that the antenna pair has good impedance matching and more than 20 dB isolation over 3.3:1 bandwidth. In addition, using time-domain analysis, it is shown that the antenna is nondispersive. The antenna pair can also be used in diversity applications where an envelope correlation less than 20 dB is observed over the band.
Dynamic in-situ measurements of head-to-disk spacing

The read signal from a magnetoresistive (MR) head is used to measure the dynamic head-to-disk spacing (flying height) inside of an operating disk drive. Changes in flying height modulate both the envelope of the read signal and its mean value. While the envelope is related to the magnetic spacing, the mean value is a function of the thermal spacing. The thermal spacing signal is the result of Joule heating whereby some of the thermal energy generated in the MR head is dissipated into the air film between the head and disk. Changes in head flying height alter the heat transfer and hence the temperature and resistance of the head. The thermal and magnetic signals are separable and give complimentary information about the flying height. To accurately measure flying height changes using the thermal signal when the head is inside a disk drive requires that the signal distortion caused by the head preamplifier and high-pass filter be corrected. The thermal signal, unlike the magnetic signal, is not sensitive to track misregistration making it more accurate for dynamic flying height measurements. In-situ dynamic flying height measurement results using both thermal and magnetic methods are discussed.
Population of high spin states in transfer reactions with very heavy ions

Abstract Population of states in 160 Dy to I∼20 has been observed for the reaction 161 Dy ( 58 Ni , 59 Ni ) 160 Dy . 2 The reaction selectively excites high spin states near the yrast sequence, and the reaction mechanism is consistent with a direct process for the transfer. Thus it appears that heavy-ion induced transfer reactions can be a powerful probe of high-spin nuclear structure.
Cytogenetic Profile Predicts Prognosis of Patients With Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Purpose The majority of cytogenetic studies in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have been impaired by small sample size, retrospective character, and lack of a survival end point. We prospectively studied the prognostic impact of cytogenetic abnormalities on a larger cohort of patients having up to 108 months of follow-up. Patients and Methods Tumors of 282 patients who underwent nephrectomy for clear cell RCC were cytogenetically analyzed. Results were correlated with pathological factors and disease-specific survival. Results The most frequently observed cytogenetic abnormalities were loss of 3p (60%), gain of 5q (33%), loss of 14q (28%), trisomy 7 (26%), loss of 8p (20%), loss of 6q (17%), loss of 9p (16%), loss of 4p (13%), and loss of chromosome Y in men (55%). Tumors with loss of 3p presented at lower TNM stages. Loss of 4p, 9p, and 14q were all associated with higher TNM stages, higher grade, and greater tumor size. A deletion of 3p was associated with better prognosis (P = .03), while loss of 4p (P < .0...
Ammonium removal in advective-flow membrane-aerated biofilm reactors (AF-MABRs)

A novel membrane-aerated biofilm reactor configuration was tested in which substrate was delivered to the biofilm via advective as well as diffusive transport. Ammonium-rich synthetic wastewater was pumped across a fabric of hollow-fiber membranes and biofilm grew around and between the membrane fibers to form a continuous structure. High ammonium removal rates (10–2 4gNm −2 d −1 )w ere achieved in our reactors compared to the conventional biofilm processes, which rely mostly on diffusive transport for substrate delivery. The removal rates were in good agreement with our mathematical model predictions. Low pressure drops (<0.05 atm) were maintained across the biofilm throughout the course of study. The major problem with this novel configuration appeared to be the short-circuiting due to non-uniform structure of the biofilm formed on membrane fabric. Further research is needed to address the problem of short-circuiting by studying the effect of operational parameters and membrane design on the behavior of system. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Laser Interactions in Nanomaterials Synthesis

Laser interactions with materials have unique advantages for exploring the rapid synthesis, processing, and in situ characterization of high-quality and novel nanoparticles, nanotubes, and nanowires. For example, laser vaporization of solids into background gases provides a wide range of processing conditions for the formation of nanomaterials by both catalyst-free and catalyst-assisted growth processes. Laser interactions with the growing nanomaterials provide remote in situ characterization of their size, structure, and composition with unprecedented temporal resolution. In this article, laser interactions involved primarily in the synthesis of carbon nanostructures are reviewed, from the catalyst-free synthesis of single-walled carbon nanohorns and quantum dots, to the catalyst-assisted growth of single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
Altered Macrophage Phenotype Transition Impairs Skeletal Muscle Regeneration

Monocyte/macrophage polarization in skeletal muscle regeneration is ill defined. We used CD11b-diphtheria toxin receptor transgenic mice to transiently deplete monocytes/macrophages at multiple stages before and after muscle injury induced by cardiotoxin. Fat accumulation within regenerated muscle was maximal when ablation occurred at the same time as cardiotoxin-induced injury. Early ablation (day 1 after cardiotoxin) resulted in the smallest regenerated myofiber size together with increased residual necrotic myofibers and fat accumulation. However, muscle regeneration after late (day 4) ablation was similar to controls. Levels of inflammatory cells in injured muscle following early ablation and associated with impaired muscle regeneration were determined by flow cytometry. Delayed, but exaggerated, monocyte [CD11b+(CD90/B220/CD49b/NK1.1/Ly6G)−(F4/80/I-Ab/CD11c)−Ly6C+/−] accumulation occurred; interestingly, Ly6C+ and Ly6C− monocytes were present concurrently in ablated animals and control mice. In addition to monocytes, proinflammatory, Ly6C+ macrophage accumulation following early ablation was delayed compared to controls. In both groups, CD11b+F4/80+ cells exhibited minimal expression of the M2 markers CD206 and CD301. Nevertheless, early ablation delayed and decreased the transient accumulation of CD11b+F4/80+Ly6C−CD301− macrophages; in control animals, the later tissue accumulation of these cells appeared to correspond to that of anti-inflammatory macrophages, determined by cytokine production and arginase activity. In summary, impairments in muscle regeneration were associated with exaggerated monocyte recruitment and reduced Ly6C− macrophages; the switch of macrophage/monocyte subsets is critical to muscle regeneration.
Tobacco dependence diagnosis and treatment in Veterans Health Administration residential substance use disorder treatment programs.

Aims To explore tobacco dependence (TD) diagnosis and treatment utilization, and identify predictors of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) among veterans with substance use disorders (SUDs) enrolled in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) SUD residential treatment programs (SRTPs). Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting VHA SRTPs, which treat veterans with SUD and multiple severe psychosocial deficits, from 1 October 2009 to 31 September 2010. Participants Identified tobacco users among veterans with SUD treated in SRTPs during fiscal year 2010 (FY10). Measurements Rates of documented TD diagnosis and pharmacotherapy were assessed nationally, regionally and by facility. Patient-level predictors of NRT were examined using a mixed-effects logistic regression model with facility as a random effect. Findings A total of 12 097 of the 15 320 veterans in SRTPs in FY10 (79%) were identified as probable tobacco users. Among these, 33% had a documented TD diagnosis, 34% were treated with pharmacotherapy and only 11% were both diagnosed and treated for TD while in SRTP. NRT was more common among patients with a current documented TD diagnosis, recent history of TD treatment, comorbid mental health disorder, age 55 years or younger and identified as white. Conclusions Most veterans in Veterans Health Administration substance use disorders residential treatment programs appear to use tobacco, yet only one in 10 receives a documented ICD-9 TD diagnosis and pharmacotherapy while in a substance use disorders residential treatment program.
Differential methylation hybridization array of endometrial cancers reveals two novel cancer-specific methylation markers.

Purpose: To identify novel endometrial cancer-specific methylation markers and to determine their association with clinicopathologic variables and survival outcomes. Experimental Design: Differential methylation hybridization analysis (DMH) was done for 20 endometrioid endometrial cancers using normal endometrial DNA as a reference control. Combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) was used to verify methylation of sequences identified by DMH. Bisulfite sequencing was undertaken to further define CpG island methylation and to confirm the reliability of the COBRA. The methylation status of newly identified markers and the MLH1 promoter was evaluated by COBRA in a large series of endometrioid ( n = 361) and non-endometrioid uterine cancers ( n = 23). Results: DMH and COBRA identified two CpG islands methylated in tumors but not in normal DNAs: SESN3 (PY2B4) and TITF1 (SC77F6/154). Bisulfite sequencing showed dense methylation of the CpG islands and confirmed the COBRA assays. SESN3 and TITF1 were methylated in 20% and 70% of endometrioid tumors, respectively. MLH1 methylation was seen in 28% of the tumors. TITF1 and SESN3 methylation was highly associated with MLH1 methylation ( P SESN3 and TITF1 were methylated in endometrioid and non-endometrioid tumors, whereas MLH1 methylation was restricted to endometrioid tumors. Methylation at these markers was not associated with survival outcomes. Conclusions: The 5′ CpG islands for SESN3 and TITF1 are novel cancer-specific methylation markers. Methylation at these loci is strongly associated with aberrant MLH1 methylation in endometrial cancers. SESN3, TITF1 and MLH1 methylation did not predict overall survival or disease-free survival in this large cohort of patients with endometrioid endometrial cancer.
NKG2A inhibits TH2 cell effector function in vitro

We previously reported that NKG2A, a key inhibitory ligand for HLA-E, is expressed on activated TH2 but not TH1 cells. Here we measured cytokine expression in human ex vivo TH2 cells upon activation with anti-CD3/28 and challenge with an NKG2A-specific agonist. TH2 cells were purified from healthy volunteers and activated with anti-CD3/28 in the presence and absence of NKG2A-specific agonist. IL-4 was used as a marker of TH2 effector function and measured by flow cytometry. Activation of TH2 cells increased NKG2A positivity from (Mean ± SE) 7.3 ± 2.4% to 13.7 ± 3.8%; (p = 0.03). The presence of NKG2A agonist did not significantly alter NKG2A expression, however, the percentage of activated TH2 cells expressing intracellular IL-4 decreased from 25.5 ± 6.8% to 9.3 ± 4.8% (p = 0.001). We show that signalling through NKG2A suppresses TH2 effector function. This may provide a means to modulate Th1/Th2 balance in diseases where Th2 cytokines predominate.
The ligand effect in Ti-mediated living radical styrene polymerizations initiated by epoxide radical ring opening. 2. Scorpionate and half-sandwich LTiCl3 complexes

The ligand effect and the reaction conditions for the living radical polymerization of styrene initiated by epoxide radical ring opening was investigated in a series of piano-stool, Ti(IV) scorpionate and, half-sandwich metallocenes (LTiCl 3 ; L = Tp, Cp*, Ind and Cp, where Tp = hydrotris(pyrazol-1-ylborato), Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, Ind = indenyl and Cp = cyclopentadienyl). The polymerization is mediated by the reversible termination of the growing chains with Ti(III) species derived from Zn reduction of parent Ti(IV) derivatives. A poor performance was observed for TpTiCl 3 because of probable over-reduction. The strong electron donating effect of Cp* accounts for a strong C-Ti chain end bond and consequently, a living-like process is observed only at T > 110 C. However, both Ind and Cp ligands provide a linear dependence of M n on conversion and narrow polydispersity over a wide range of experimental conditions. Investigation of the effect of temperature and reagent ratios generates an optimum for epoxidi/CpTiCl 3 /Zn = 1/2/4 at 70-90 C. On the basis of a combination of steric and electronic properties, the ligands rank as Cp ≥ Ind » Cp* » Tp. This trend is different from coordination polymerization, and in conjunction with our previous results on Cp 2 TiCl 2 , further supports a radical mechanism.
The TRAPP Complex Is a Nucleotide Exchanger for Ypt1 and Ypt31/32

In yeast, the Ypt1 GTPase is required for ER-to-cis-Golgi and cis-to-medial-Golgi protein transport, while Ypt31/32 are a functional pair of GTPases essential for exit from the trans-Golgi. We have...
Influence of mastitis on properties of milk. VII. Distribution of milk proteins

Abstract The effect of mastitis on protein distribution in individual quarter milk samples was investigated by densitometric measurement of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of proteins. Wisconsin Mastitis Test positive (>20mm) milks contained relatively higher concentrations of bovine serum albumin, proteose peptone, immunoglobulin, α s - and κ-caseins and lower concentrations of β-lactoglobulin and β-casein than the corresponding negative (Wisconsin Mastitis Test
Modeling a domain ontology for cultural heritage resources: A user-centered approach

The use of primary source materials is recognized as key to supporting history and social studies education. The extensive digitization of library, museum, and other cultural heritage collections represents an important teaching resource. Yet, searching and selecting digital primary sources appropriate for classroom use can be difficult and time-consuming. This study investigates the design requirements and the potential usefulness of a domain-specific ontology to facilitate access to, and use of, a collection of digital primary source materials developed by the Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. During a three-phase study, an ontology model was designed and evaluated with the involvement of social studies teachers. The findings revealed that the design of the ontology was appropriate to support the information needs of the teachers and was perceived as a potentially useful tool to enhance collection access. The primary contribution of this study is the introduction of an approach to ontology development that is user-centered and designed to facilitate access to digital cultural heritage materials. Such an approach should be considered on a case-by-case basis in relation to the size of the ontology being built, the nature of the knowledge domain, and the type of end users targeted. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HELPING IN COLLEGE STUDENTS: EFFECTS OF RACE OF THE RECIPIENT AND ACHIEVEMENT AND SEX OF THE DONOR

Advanced undergraduate students were asked to donate time to tutor freshmen on academic probation (1 ). The recipients, chatactetized in a short biography, varied in race (black and white) and locus of cause of failure (internal and external). All effects were nonsignificant with the exception of the interaction between race and locus of control; subjects who scored high on internal control donated more time to the white recipients and subjects who scored high on external control donated more time to the black recipients. The present study repeated the manipulation of the race of the recipient and explored the influence of the grade-point average (Low, M = 2.38; High, M = 3.15 ) and sex of the benefactor. The procedure was identical (1 ). The academic difficulties of the hypothetical recipient (a male) were described to be a result of external causes, that is. his difficulties were suggested to be due to family responsibilities that were competing for his time. A three-factor analysis of variance for random groups (12 subjects per group) was conducted on the time data. Effeas were nonsignificant with the exception of grade-point average (F = 4.84, df = 1/88, p < .05). Subjects with a high gradepoint average donated significantly more time (M = 9.52 hr., SD = 8.60) than subjects with a low grade-point average (M = 6.18 hr., SD = 6.10). As in a previous study (I), race was a nonsignificant effect (white, M = 8.14, SD = 8.24; black, M = 7.56, SD = 6.98). The literature on the effect of the sex of the benefactor has been mixed (2, 3), as most investigators have not found effects; when effects were reported, more favored females than males. The absence of such an effea (male, M = 6.73, SD = 5.02; female, M = 8.96, SD = 9.44) in the present research is consistent with most of the literature. Research on the influence of achievement appears thus far to have been omitted in studies of altruism. The present data suggest that high achievers, as defined by grade-point average, were more altruistic than low achievers. An explanation might simply be that successful students had greater confidence than inferior students in their ability to help those who were experiencing academic difficulties; consequently, they were more inclined to offer help.
Using Citizen Science to Engage Introductory Students: From Streams to the Solar System

We present two examples of citizen science learning activities, with discussion of how these activities align with teaching strategies shown to increase retention of under-represented minorities and improve learning for all students in science. For introductory science students from diverse backgrounds, citizen science provides a unique hands-on opportunity to engage students in the process of scientific discovery and to contribute to real science through their curriculum. These tools also increase engagement of science majors and address the current national priority of increasing student retention in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields.