cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Instruction entropy, a possible measure of program/architecture compatibility

Several metrics related to the distribution of use of instructions in a program have been developed. They appear to have potential for assessing the degree to which a program "matches" the architecture of the host computer. Also, they may serve as the basis for bridging the gap between the software science metrics of Halstead and others that focus on the static qualities of the programming process and the resulting software product and dynamic measures such as MIPS often used for comparison of system performance.
New CMOs resistor implementation for linear IC applications

A new CMOS implementation for a linearised floating resistance is presented, where the resistor value depends only on the β of a matched set of nMOS transistors, and on a bias current IB; it is independent of the threshold voltage VT. Simulated worst-case linearity for a unity-gain amplifier is around 1% for a ±2 V output swing.
The role of accounting information in revenue management

Abstract Revenue management (RM) uses differential pricing and other techniques to manage customer demand for a company's products and services. It judiciously trades off yield and spoilage, and brings rational approaches to pricing for goods and services with a limited shelf life. Because many types of businesses find that growing revenue has a disproportionate impact on operating profits, firms that know and manage their customer base often achieve better bottom-line results by growing revenue rather than by cost-cutting. Initially developed as a marketing tool for pricing airline tickets, today's numerous RM applications can benefit from accounting tools that help assess whether applications will enhance operating profit and monitor their success in doing so. Knowledge of a firm's cost structure, operating leverage in particular, and when to treat RM adjustments as special orders, are the principal accounting lynchpins. Opportunity cost variances and insights from the theory of constraints contribute to effective revenue management/profit enhancement programs. Use of proper accounting information and analytic techniques can help a tolerated union of necessity between RM programs and firm strategy become a desirable marriage of mutual choice.
Behavioral assessment and interventions in youth sports

Behavioral assessment and interventions have found an increasing range of applications in both research and applied work with youth sport populations. Behavioral assessment has been used for both d...
Administrative Reorganization in Minnesota.

The governor of Minnesota, Hon. A. 0. Eberhart, in his message to the state legislature in 1911, made an exhaustive statement concerning the defective and expensive administrative system of the state, pointing out the lack of adequate centralization, responsibility and cooperation, suggesting a definite plan of reorganization, and making an earnest plea for legislative action; but his plea fell upon deaf ears. Again in 1913 he re, argued the case but restricted his suggestions to the reorganization and systematization of only two departments: (1) the department of public domain and (2) the department of agriculture. These departments were not reorganized; instead the House of Representatives appointed a committee on public accounts. This committee made a partial study of the situation and filed a report. Nothing further was done except to introduce more than half a hundred bills dealing with state economy and efficiency, one of which passed, an act providing for an educational commission for investigation purposes. Perhaps one reason the legislature did not undertake a thoroughgoing reorganization of the administrative machinery of the state government is because the members wanted a scientific, impartial investigation of the whole subject made so that action might be taken only after full knowledge. However, the legislature did not provide for a general committee to study the whole situation but went at it piecemeal by providing for a commission to study a single problem. This method of dealing with the question induced the governor after nearly a year's delay, to
Chemistry of thienopyridines. XXXII: Direct introduction of C-substituents gamma to the heteronitrogen atom in the thieno[2,3-b]pyridine system

Treatment of the N-oxide 1a of thieno[2,3-b]pyridine (1) with either (a) acetic anhydride and ethyl cyanoacetate or (b) benzoyl chloride and an enamine of cyclohexanone (Hamana reactions) serves to introduce a C-substituent at the 4-position of 1. In case (a) one obtains a yellow, isolable vinylogous N-ylide 5 (23% yield), which undergoes facile transformation into ethyl 2-(4-thieno[2,3-b]pyridyl)cyanoacetate (1e) (88–93 %). Acetic anhydride reconverts 1e to 5 (95%). Case (b) produces 2-(4-thieno[2,3-b]pyridyl)cyclohexanone (39%), hydrolyzable to 6-(4-thieno[2,3-b]pyridyl)hexanoic acid (45%). The hydrochloride of 1a is also reported. Structural formulations are based on spectral studies (including 13C nmr data for 1 and 1e) and chemical transformations. Major contrasts (plus some similarities) between the systems 1 and quinoline in the Hamana reactions are discussed.
Hippocampal lesions and the generalization of auditory stimuli.

Abstract Hippocampal ablation and control surgery were interposed in a standard discrimination training and generalization testing paradigm. Rats were trained in a bar-press situation to discriminate between two tones. Response during the presence of the S + (2150 Hz) tone was reinforced, while no reinforcement was given to response in the presence of the S- (550 Hz) tone. Training was continued until the ratio of S+ responses to S- equalled at least 9/1 for three consecutive days. Half the animals then sustained bilateral electrolytic hippocampal lesions; and half underwent craniotomy only. Following surgery, generalization testing revealed a decreased slope in the generalization gradient for the hippocampectomized group. This reflected the inability of hippocampally lesioned animals to withhold response to the S— and surrounding tones. These findings were interpreted as supporting the idea that the hippocampus plays a role in the inhibition of response to nonreinforced stimuli by gating the afferent transmission of such stimuli.
Hydrostatic journal bearing with coaxial floating sleeve

Abstract The insertion of a free-floating coaxial element between the shaft and the hydrostatic journal bearing allows the total relative speed at the facing surfaces to be split into two lower separate contributions. The rotating speed of the sleeve is self-controlled by the viscosity of the lifting fluid and its value can be imposed during the design process by an accurate calibration of the heights of the clearances. Both rigid and deformable theoretical models have been developed. Their numerical predictions are compared to results obtained from experimental tests on the prototype of an hydrostatic spindle provided with floating journal bearings.
Parallel computation using boundary elements in solid mechanics

The inherent parallelism of the boundary element method is shown. The boundary element is formulated by assuming the linear variation of displacements and tractions within a line element. Moreover, MACSYMA symbolic program is employed to obtain the analytical results for influence coefficients. Three computational components are parallelized in this method to show the speedup and efficiency in computation. The global coefficient matrix is first formed concurrently. Then, the parallel Gaussian elimination solution scheme is applied to solve the resulting system of equations. Finally, and more importantly, the domain solutions of a given boundary value problem are calculated simultaneously. The linear speedups and high efficiencies are shown for solving a demonstrated problem on Sequent Symmetry S81 parallel computing system.
Age, Birthdays, and Suicide

The present study, which contained a sample of 3,948 suicides and controls for seasonal effects, did not replicate the results of Barraclough and Hughes's (1987) study. People are not significantly more likely to die near the time of their birthdays than they are at other times of the year.
Temporal lobe epilepsy: analysis of failures and the role of reoperation

Purpose – To analyze failures and reoperations in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and compare these patients with those seizure-free, and to determine any significant differences between the groups. Methods – A total of 262 patients with TLE, treated surgically between 1984 and 2002, were followed at 3, 6 and 12 months and yearly thereafter. Sixty-five percent became seizure-free (class I), 19% had rare seizures (class II), and 16% continued to have seizures (classes III and IV). Patients in classes III and IV underwent re-evaluation, and were compared with seizure-free patients. Results – Analysis of failures (n = 41): 12% had febrile seizures (FS), 29% head trauma, 7% encephalitis, 52% abnormal imaging, 34% bitemporal spiking, and 20% posterior temporal localization. Post-surgical MRI (available in 30 of 41 patients) showed residual posterior mesial temporal structures (PMTS) in 86.6%, PMTS and posterior temporal lesions (PTLs) in 6.6%, and PTLs in another 6.6%. Twenty-one had reoperation, 14 had resection of the PMTS, five of the PMTS and basal posterior temporal cortex, and two of the PMTS, and PTLs. There was no surgical mortality or morbidity; 57% became seizure-free and 24% had rare seizures. Seizure-free patients (n = 170): 45% had FS, 12% head trauma and 70% abnormal imaging studies. Conclusion – When compared with seizure-free patients, patients who failed TLE surgery were less likely to have a history of FS and abnormal imaging, and more likely to have a history of head trauma, encephalitis and posterior temporal localization, suggesting larger epileptogenic zones. Following reoperation, 57% became seizure-free. Predictors of a good outcome after reoperation were anterior temporal localization and abnormal imaging studies.
Submicromolar Concentrations of Palmitoyl-CoA Specifically Thioesterify Cysteine 244 in Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase Inhibiting Enzyme Activity: A Novel Mechanism Potentially Underlying Fatty Acid Induced Insulin Resistance†

The accumulation of fatty acids and their metabolites results in insulin resistance and reduced glucose utilization through a variety of complex mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. Herein, we demonstrate that submicromolar concentrations of palmitoyl-CoA inhibit glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH; EC 1.2.1.12) enzyme activity through the covalent thioesterification of palmitate to GAPDH. First, incubation of GAPDH with palmitoyl-CoA (0.5-5 microM) resulted in the dramatic concentration-dependent inhibition of GAPDH enzyme activity. Second, incubation of GAPDH with [(14)C]palmitoyl-CoA followed by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography identified a covalently radiolabeled adduct present at approximately 35 kDa with a stoichiometry of one molecule of palmitoyl-CoA per GAPDH tetramer. Third, mass spectrometric analyses of intact GAPDH treated with palmitoyl-CoA demonstrated the covalent addition of palmitate to the GAPDH protein. Fourth, trypsinolysis of the modified protein revealed that the peptide (232)VPTPNVSVVDLTRC*R(245) was covalently modified. Fifth, the site of palmitoylation was demonstrated to be Cys-244 by analyses of product ion mass spectra. These assignments were further substantiated using different molecular species of acyl-CoAs resulting in the anticipated changes in both the masses of adduct ions and their fragmentation patterns. Sixth, GAPDH palmitoylation was demonstrated to facilitate the translocation of GAPDH to either lipid vesicles or naturally occurring biologic membranes. Since the hallmark of lipotoxicity is the accumulation of fatty acids and their acyl-CoA metabolites in excess of a cell's ability to appropriately metabolize them, these results identify a novel mechanism potentially contributing to the insulin resistance, reduced glucose utilization, and maladaptive metabolic alterations underlying the lipotoxic state.
Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: An Overview.

This article reviews the current state of knowledge about hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). Despite considerable clinical attention that has been given to this disorder, ambiguity remains concerning the nature and treatment of low sexual desire. This article reviews diagnostic issues, including prevalence estimates. Current theories of etiology and maintenance are highlighted, as well as available assessment strategies. Controlled treatment studies are reviewed, with particular focus on the need to develop desire-specific interventions. Throughout this review, areas where additional work is needed are highlighted.
Recovery functions of fast frequency potentials in the initial negative wave of median SEP.

Abstract Following far-field potential of P14 after median nerve stimulation, we identified several small wavelets, designated here as fast frequency potentials of FFP, over the ascending and descending phases of the major negative wave of ‘N20’. In 10 normal subjects who had well defined FFP, namely N16, N17, N18 and N19, we studied recovery functions of FFP by applying paired (condition and test) stimuli of various interstimulus intervals (ISIs) ranging from 3 to 150 msec. Recovery of FFP was determined by the difference wave forms, i.e., subtracting the response of conditioning stimuli from the response to paired stimuli. Measuring latencies and amplitude of FFP and also of the far-field potential of P14, we found recoveries of P14 and each FFP to be different; P14 recovered with the shortest ISI while progressively longer ISIs were required for full recovery of the later FFP. This finding suggests the existence of progressively increased number of interspersed synapses from the early to late FFP. It is unlikely that FFP represents passage of the afferent volley from one anatomical site to the next, but rather than they are cortically generated via a closely situated polysynaptic network. The polysynaptic nature of FFP is consistent with the observation that they disappear in sleep and also during anesthesia. The study indicates that FFPs represent different physioanatomical systems from the primary negative wave of ‘N20’ that results from specific sensory input to the primary sensory cortex.
The copper-catalyzed oxidation of graphite

Abstract The role of copper as a catalyst in the oxidation of graphite has been studied by optical microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The presence of small amounts of copper salts was found to have a very marked effect on the rate of oxidation and ignition temperature of polycrystalline graphite in dry oxygen. Water vapor retarded the oxidation rate of both the catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions, but had little effect on the ignition temperatures. During catalytic oxidation at 700–800°C, copper oxide particles in the 1–5 μ. size range moved rapidly on the basal plane of natural graphite crystals, cutting irregular channels in the surface. The thermogravimetric results suggest that the catalytic effect involves the localized reduction of cupric oxide by graphite and subsequent re-oxidation of the resulting metal. Alloying of the copper with zinc, aluminum or tin inhibited the catalytic effect.
Effects of ethylnitrosourea on the development of brain.

Wiederholte Applikation von Athynitroso-Harnstoff bei trachtigen Ratten bewirkt bei Foten eine Hemmung der Gehirnentwicklung, wobei vor allem die hemispharen und das Cerebellum unterentwickelt bleiben. Diese Hemmung ist am ausgepragtesteniw wenn die Behandlung am 14. Tag der Trachtigkeit einsetzt.
Broadcasting info-pages to sensors: efficiency versus energy conservation

In sensor networks applied to monitoring applications, individual sensors may perform preassigned or on-demand tasks, or missions. Data updates (info-pages) may be sent to sensors from a command center, via a time-division broadcast channel. Sensors are normally put in sleep mode when not actively listening, in order to conserve energy in their batteries. Hence, a schedule is required that specifies when sensors should listen for updates and when they should sleep. The performance of such a schedule is evaluated based on data-related costs and sensor-related costs. Data-related costs reflect the obsoleteness of current sensor data, or the delay while sensors wait for updated instructions. Sensor-related costs reflect the energy that sensors consume while accessing the broadcast channel and while switching between the active and sleeping modes (rebooting). Our goal is a schedule with the minimum total cost. Previous related work has explored data-related costs, but listening cost has been addressed only under the assumption that the rebooting operation is free. This paper formulates a new cost model, which recognizes the cost of sensor rebooting. We derive an optimal schedule for the single-sensor setting. We proceed to consider schedules of multiple sensors; we formulate a mathematical program to find an optimal fractional schedule for this setting and provide a solution to the lower bound. Several heuristics for scheduling multiple sensors are introduced and analyzed, and various tradeoffs among the cost factors are demonstrated.
Effects of sublethal exposure to copper on diel activity of sea catfish, Arius felis

The effect of sublethal exposure to copper on the diel activity of sea catfish, Arius felis, was examined after 72 h static exposure to copper (0.0, 0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 mg l−1 ). The locomotor behavior of 28 individual fish was electronically monitored in a 16-compartment rosette tank. Activity was quantified by the number of entries into compartments per hour. Controls and copper-exposed fish (0.05 mg l−1) behaved similarly after treatment and displayed no significant effects of handling or copper exposure on diel activity. However, fish exposed to 0.1 and 0.2 mg l−1 copper were hyperactive immediately following exposure; these fish had significantly greater numbers of entries into compartments per hour for entire 24-h monitoring periods (P < 0.01) and for the 12 h of photophase (P < 0.001) and of scotophase (P < 0.001) than fish in the other two experimental groups. The normal diel activity cycle was abolished. Additionally, exposure of fish to copper at 0.1 and 0.2 mg l−1 resulted in significantly less variability in activity (P < 0.05) compared to control fish and those exposed to 0.05 mg Cu l−1.
Practical Routing Protocol for Impromptu Mobile Social Networks

With the popularity of mobile devices, mobile social networks (MSNs) formed by people carrying mobile devices moving around and contacting each other have become a hot research topic these days. In this paper, we study a specific kind of MSNs that is formed impromptu (e.g. when people carrying mobile devices gather at some social events). We refer to them as Impromptu Mobile Social Networks (IMSNs). Due to the dynamic nature of such networks, routing poses special challenges. The existing social-based MSN routing algorithms that take advantage of stable social relationships or social features of people in the network may not be suitable for IMSNs. Thus, new routing algorithms that can catch node contact behavior need to be designed for IMSNs. We first propose two statistical-based theoretical routing algorithms named BerRout and PoiRout inspired by the node contact models in several papers and then put forward a practical routing algorithm UpDown which makes routing decisions based on a simple Counter capturing the ups and downs of people's relationships formed in an IMSN. We compare our algorithms with the existing social-based MSN routing algorithms by simulations. The results show that the practical algorithm performs close to the two theoretical ones and all of our proposed algorithms outperform the existing ones in terms of performance versus cost in an IMSN environment.
Evaluation of the biological response of wear debris.

Abstract Study design An animal study was conducted to evaluate the biological response to titanium particles from an artificial intervertebral disc in terms of serology and histologic changes. Objectives To determine the biological response to wear debris in the retroperitoneal and epidural space. Summary of background data Few wear studies exist about mechanical artificial discs. Methods Twenty-three New Zealand white rabbits were used for two approaches of the lumbar spine. In a retroperitoneal group (10 rabbits), lateral flank approach at the L2–L3 area was used. In an epidural group (13 rabbits), a dorsal laminotomy of L2 was performed. The wear debris was obtained from mechanical test cycling of the implantable intervertebral disc. At 4 and 12 weeks postoperatively, five or six animals from each group were killed. The tissues, including deposition site, regional lymph nodes and major organs, were evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results At death all rabbits were found to be healthy. Blood results from the predeath samples were found to be consistent with the preoperative blood work values. Scar tissue was minimal with good healing. All organs were found to be normal in appearance. On histopathology sections, adverse reactions such as fibrosis, granuloma formation or necrosis were not found in any tissues. Free particles were found sparingly in all tissue sections with minimal cellular response. No remarkable difference was found according to groups or time intervals. Smaller particles were found to be engulfed in macrophages without adverse biological consequences. Conclusion Titanium particles traveled from the sites of deposition but elicited no to minimal biological response.
A General Solution to the Two-Surface Plasticity Theory

This paper obtains a closed-form general solution to the two-surface plasticity theory for linear stress paths. The simple two-surface model is discussed first. It is shown that according to this model, the response of the material stabilizes immediately during the first loading cycle. That is, the memory surface reaches its maximum size with a radius equal to the maximum effective stress and then remains unchanged thereafter, while the yield center translates along a line parallel to the stress path, thus always leading to a constant plastic strain growth rate. As a result, the model predicts that under any cyclic linear loading conditions, the material response can always be ratchetting, with no possibility of shakedown of any kinds, which violates those aspects of material behavior that are generally deemed essential in constitutive modeling. The general two-surface theory is also discussed in this paper, and some comments are made.
Publications Time Lags of Economics and Business Working Papers

Working papers are an important source of information to business, management and economics researchers, but are frequently avoided by libraries owing to acquisition and maintenance difficulties. To determine some collection development guidelines for business and economic working papers, a study of publication time lags of 198 selected working papers was made. It was found that 31.8% were never published, but that 94.1% of the remainder were published within three years. On the basis of these data and an earlier finding that university faculty do not view working papers as containing information of lasting value, the conclusion was reached that working papers should properly be kept for only three years. An agenda for further working papers collection guidelines is proposed.
High-resolution atheroma mixture-modeled MRI

Introduction: In chemically sensitive MRI, similar signals from the atheroma that blocks arteries and from perivascular fat, due to partial volume effects, can result in a mixed signal. Methods: MRI of pure samples and of blood vessels containing 10 different ratios of atheroma and perivascular fat were acquired by inversion recovery MRI. Mixture modeling deduced component signals, and distribution analysis enabled conversion of dynamic range to enhanced resolution. Imaging was repeated at high resolution (long acquisition) for validation of resolution enhancement. Monte Carlo methods were applied to examine error propagation. Quantitation of atheroma content corresponds accurately to measured samples (r equals .997). Results: Mixture modeling correctly identified components with rms error less than 5%. Multiresolution imaging confirmed that redistribution converts dynamic range to enhanced spatial resolution. The resolution enhancement agrees well with direct high-resolution acquisition, achieving 256x improvement in effective in-plane resolution. Conclusion. Mixture modeling correctly identifies atheroma vs. perivascular fat signal components, and resolution-enhancement converts the results to high spatial resolution maps of the components. The resolution-enhanced images agree well with the true high-resolution acquisition. They are faster to acquire, more practical, and provide better tissue characterization, including quantitation of the atheroma lipid burden in the vessel.
The Testing of Sanocrysin: Science, Profit, and Innovation in Clinical Trial Design, 1926–31

This article provides a detailed analysis of the origins and significance of the 1926 clinical trial of Sanocrysin, a gold compound thought at the time to be useful in the treatment of tuberculosis. This experiment is generally considered to be the first clinical trial in the United States that used a formal system of randomization to divide research subjects into treatment and nontreatment groups; it was probably also the first clinical trial in the United States to use placebo shams in a nontreatment control group to overcome the problem of what researchers at the time called "psychic influence." As such, it was an extremely important moment in the history of clinical trial design. Yet, as I argue, the Sanocrysin experiment also needs to be understood in terms of both the regulatory environment at the time and the commercial interests of Parke, Davis & Company, the pharmaceutical manufacturer that was intent on introducing the drug. Although some historians argue that therapeutic reformers in the twentieth century used experimental science to rein in the commercial forces of the market, this article suggests that, at least in this case, the promotion of rigorous clinical science and the pursuit of corporate profit were deeply intertwined.
Lessons from the Literature

In this chapter, we review the research on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and related conduct problems. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder with complex biological bases that researchers are only starting to understand. Still, it is clear that the disorder is not simply a social construction or a product of faulty parenting or underperforming schools. ADHD is associated with several undesirable long-term outcomes, including academic underperformance and strained social relationships with both peers and adults. Treatments for ADHD include medications (e.g., psychostimulants) and psychosocial interventions (e.g., behavior management), but all treatments to date have strengths and weaknesses. It is clear that behavior management can contribute meaningfully to any treatment package, but to be effective, behavioral treatments must be adapted to match a child’s developmental level. When research on the Challenging Horizons Program (CHP) began in the late 1990s, virtually no research had been dedicated to interventions targeting the unique needs of adolescents with ADHD, even though the long-term risks for this population were clear. This chapter focuses mainly on how the relevant research has expanded since that time, including the published findings on the CHP.
Retrovirus-Mediated Modification of Male Germline Stem Cells in Rats

The ability to isolate, manipulate, and transplant spermatogonial stem cells provides a unique opportunity to modify the germline. We used the rat-to-nude mouse transplantation assay to characterize spermatogonial stem cell activity in rat testes and in culture. Our results indicate that rat spermatogonial stem cells can survive and proliferate in short-term culture, although a net loss of stem cells was observed. Rat spermatogonial stem cells also were susceptible to transduction with a retroviral vector carrying a lacZ reporter transgene. Using a 3-day periodic infection protocol, 0.5% of stem cells originally cultured were transduced and produced transgenic colonies of spermatogenesis in recipient mouse testes. The level of transgenic donor-derived spermatogenesis observed in the rat-to-mouse transplantation was similar to levels that produced transgenic progeny in the mouse-to-mouse transplantation. This work provides a basis for understanding the biology of rat spermatogonial stem cells. Development of an optimal rat recipient testis model and application of these methods for germline modification will enable the production of transgenic rats, potentially valuable tools for evaluating genes and their functions. In addition, these methods may be applicable in other species where existing transgenic methods are inefficient or not available.
Primary care providers’ knowledge, beliefs and treatment practices for gout: results of a physician questionnaire

Objective. We sought to examine primary care providers’ gout knowledge and reported treatment patterns in comparison with current treatment recommendations. Methods. We conducted a national survey of a random sample of US primary care physicians to assess their treatment of acute, intercritical and tophaceous gout using published European and American gout treatment recommendations and guidelines as a gold standard. Results. There were 838 respondents (response rate of 41%), most of whom worked in private practice (63%) with >16 years experience (52%). Inappropriate dosing of medications in the setting of renal disease and lack of prophylaxis when initiating urate-lowering therapy (ULT) accounted for much of the lack of compliance with treatment recommendations. Specifically for acute podagra, 53% reported avoidance of anti-inflammatory drugs in the setting of renal insufficiency, use of colchicine at a dose of ≤2.4 mg/day and no initiation of a ULT during an acute attack. For intercritical gout in the setting of renal disease, 3% would provide care consistent with the recommendations, including initiating a ULT at the appropriate dose with dosing titration to a serum urate level of ≤6 mg/dl and providing prophylaxis. For tophaceous gout, 17% reported care consistent with the recommendations, including ULT use with dosing titration to a serum urate level of ≤6 mg/dl and prophylaxis. Conclusion. Only half of primary care providers reported optimal treatment practices for the management of acute gout and <20% for intercritical or tophaceous gout, suggesting that care deficiencies are common.
Uncoating of Clathrin-Coated Vesicles by Uncoating ATPase from Developing Peas

A cytosolic ATPase (an enzyme that dissociates clathrin from clathrin-coated vesicles in the presence of ATP) was isolated from developing pea (Pisum sativum L.) cotyledons using chromatography on ATP-agarose. After chromatography on phenyl Sepharose, the fraction with uncoating activity was enriched in a doublet of 70-kD peptides. Using chromatofocusing, it was possible to produce fractions enriched in the upper component of the doublet of 70-kD peptides; these fractions still retained ATP-dependent uncoating activity. In western blot analysis, antibodies against a member of the 70-kD family of heat-shock proteins interacted with the upper component of the doublet of the 70-kD peptides from the phenyl Sepharose-purified fractions. On the basis of these data, it appears that the uncoating ATPase may be a member of the 70-kD family of heat-shock proteins. The uncoating activity removed clathrin from both pea and bovine brain clathrin-coated vesicles. The uncoating ATPase from bovine brain also uncoated coated vesicles from peas. Pea clathrin-coated vesicles that were prepared by three different methods were uncoated to different extents by the plant uncoating ATPase. Different populations of clathrin-coated vesicles from the same preparation showed differential sensitivity to the uncoating ATPase. Limited proteolysis of the clathrin light chains in the protein coat abolished the susceptibility of the clathrin-coated vesicles to the uncoating ATPase. The properties of the uncoating ATPase isolated from developing pea cotyledons are similar to those of uncoating ATPases previously described from mammalian and yeast systems. It appears that despite dissimilarities in composition of the clathrin components of the vesicles from the respective sources, uncoating is achieved by a common mechanism.
Shipwreck in a swamp: the Burroughs site at Edenton, N. Carolina, USA

This preliminary site analysis of a suspected 18th-century shipwreck located in Edenton, North Carolina, USA, helps call to question the roll of abandonment in the examination of ships as artefacts. Abandonments often provide an easily accessed and inexpensive means of fleshing out knowledge of ship construction in the past. Abandonments are typically located near historically well-used commercial ports and harbours and may now be hidden by shallow water, marshland or land fill. These areas, in many instances, are inaccessible to normal remote sensing survey techniques.
Resting potentials in the inner sulcus and tunnel of corti.

Under constant visual guidance and closed-circuit television monitoring, electrodes are inserted into the fluid spaces of the organ of Corti. The resting electrical potentials are determined with respect to the neutral voltage of the guinea pig and related to other potentials of the auditory labyrinth. The resting potential of the subtectorial space, inner sulcus, tunnel and other spaces of Corti's organ are found to be the same as, or slightly more negative than the potential of perilymph. The tectorial membrane isolates the reticular lamina from endo-lymph which fact, when considered along with other evidence, indicates a more biophysical than mechanical role for the membrane. A motion picture is presented showing the cells and spaces of the organ of Corti and the placement of electrodes.
DOES PROCESS THOUGHT ALLOW PERSONAL IMMORTALITY

If by personal immortality one means that the soul is naturally eternal and passes as a substance through physical death to another life, then the answer to this question is a firm No. Both Alfred North Whitehead and his most famous student Charles Hartshorne disavowed such personal immortality as philosophically incompatible with the basic tenets of process thought. For Whitehead, and all philosophers who claim to follow him, process is the ultimate metaphysical generality describing how actual entities (occasions) instantiate themselves from the causality of entities in their past to then become objectified as they influence successor actual entities. To claim that there are multiple exceptions to the sway of universal process in the form of eternal souls introduces a radical and unacceptable philosophical incoher? ence into the Whiteheadian metaphysical system. Hartshorne held that a belief in eternal souls was not only incompatible with process thought but also compromised the philosophy of Berkeley, Descartes and Kant.1 In addition, he considered such belief bad religion and argued forcibly against it.2 If, however, one believes, following the New Testament especially Paul, as
Single Machine Scheduling with Deteriorating Jobs

In this paper we consider a single scheduling problem with release dates concerning time-deteriorating job processing time, where the processing time of a job is a piecewise linear deterioration function of its starting time. The objective of the problem is to minimize the total completion times of jobs. This problem is strongly NP-hard since it is a generalization of the single-machine total completion times 1|r|SigmaCj. We develop the first implementation of the Lagrangian relaxation (LR) for the problem under study. A shorten time horizon strategy is derived to speed-up implementing algorithm of LR. The extensive computational experiments are carried out and the computational results demonstrate that the proposed method is highly effective for our problem in a relatively short computation time.
General method for the computation of radiation in stratified media

A general universal computational method for the general electromagnetic problem in stratified media is established. Computations are successfully performed for the field of a horizontal magnetic dipole in a microwave substrate backed by a conducting plane. The general field problem in stratified media is expressed in the form of integrals over kp. The integrands involve Bessel functions which are difficult to integrate. By using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques, the integrals are computed numerically. A shortcoming of this method is that its usefulness is limited to near and intermediate fields. This method is applicable to many electromagnetic problems in microwaves, geophysical sciences, printed circuits etc
The mourning of the health care professional: An important element in education about death and loss

Abstract This article explores the centrality of the mourning process in the education of developing health care professionals who are the survivors of complex and manifold losses. This was discussed in an elective seminar for senior medical students and graduate nurses. Learning about clinical responsibility often occurred in the context of loss and mourning. The outcome of mourning included for some a greater sensitivity to the impact of clinical interventions and a more accurate empathy for losses incurred by patients as a result of illness. Old and unresolved loss and mourning experiences were reawakened as a result of the seminar, which led to a sorting and mastering of these experiences. This is felt to be a common result of discussions about encounters with death and loss. Courses on death and dying for the health care professional, although important, are not sufficient by themselves for mastery of these topics. Clinical teachers must be aware of the student's response to loss and provide an atmos...
Non-Ergodic Power-Bandwidth Tradeoff in Linear Multi-hop Networks

The prior work on power-bandwidth tradeoff analysis in fading environments has assumed the ergodicity of the channel statistics along with infinite code block-lengths, which allow defining energy and spectral efficiency measures as a function of the Shannon capacity. We generalize the power-bandwidth tradeoff analysis framework to draw insights for a specific form communication under a non-ergodic fading model. In particular, we study the power-bandwidth tradeoff in a one-dimensional slow-fading multi-hop relay network. We characterize the impact of multi-hopping on the statistical properties of the end-to-end conditional mutual information (conditioned on the specific values of the channel fading parameters and therefore treated as a random variable) and on the energy and spectral efficiency measures computed from the conditional mutual information. Our non-ergodic power-bandwidth tradeoff analysis focuses on two asymptotic regimes: (i) Power-limited (low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)) regime and (ii) bandwidth-limited (high SNR) regime. In both regimes, we investigate the performance of open-loop (fixed-rate) and closed-loop (rate-adaptive) multi-hop relaying mechanisms in terms of their power-band width tradeoffs and end-to-end outage probabilities. Interestingly, our analysis reveals the new notion of "multi-hop diversity" toward enhancing link reliability in diversity-limited fading environments
Therapeutic issues of marijuana and THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)

This article summarizes current knowledge about the medicinal value of cannabis and its principal psychoactive ingredient, delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), particularly in the control of nausea and vomiting, in glaucoma, and in reduction of spasticity in multiple sclerosis. The major issues in the controversy about marijuana and medicine, primarily moral and ethical, are discussed.
Workplace Experiences of Individuals Who Are HIV+ and Individuals with Cancer

Maintaining one's role in the workplace despite significant health concerns can be important in meeting an individual's emotional and economic needs. This qualitative research study reviewed the wo...
A credit-based distributed protocol for long-term fairness in IEEE 802.11 single-hop networks

Fair bandwidth allocation is critical in wireless communication networks, since the wireless channel is often shared by a number of stations in the same neighborhood. With fair scheduling, bandwidth can be shared by competing flows in proportion to their assigned weights. In this paper, we propose a credit-based distributed protocol for fair allocation of bandwidth in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs. Our protocol is derived from the distributed coordination function in the IEEE 802.11 medium access control (MAC) protocol. Analytical and simulation results demonstrate that the protocol achieves the desired bandwidth allocations. An important feature of our protocol is its backward compatibility, which allows legacy IEEE 802.11 stations to coexist with stations adopting the new MAC protocol.
Early 20th Century Education in the United States: The Role of the Brothers of Holy Cross

The Congregation of Holy Cross, the founding religious community behind the University of Notre Dame, had its origin in the ranks of diocesan clergy in France. This article chronicles the early history of the congregation, struggles between priests and its brothers, and its movement into the ministry of Catholic education.
Chronotype and Health Outcomes

The behavioral trait of preference to schedule the daily activities for morning or evening hours forms a continuum, with the anchorage ends of “early birds” and “night owls,” and is called chronotype. Genetic effects contribute to the chronotype by about half and the other half is accounted for non-shared environmental effects. However, no “chronotype gene” has been identified yet. There is a growing body of literature on health hazards that has been attributed to the chronotype itself, being independent of a number of factors. So far, without any exception, of those health hazards that do differ between the chronotypes, all have been more common among the “night owls” than among the “early birds,” such as mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, personality disorders, insomnia, sleep apnea, arterial hypertension, bronchial asthma, type 2 diabetes, and infertility. Alarmingly, current data suggest that “night owls” tend to die younger than “early birds”.
Properties of conditioned abducens nerve responses in a highly reduced in vitro brain stem preparation from the turtle.

Properties of conditioned abducens nerve responses in a highly reduced in vitro brain stem preparation from the turtle. Previous work suggested that the cerebellum and red nucleus are not necessary...
Context-specific morphine withdrawal: Evidence that rearing reflects withdrawal, not exploration

Several studies have demonstrated that contextual cues previously paired with morphine elicit conditioned withdrawal in the absence of the drug. Conditioned withdrawal signs have included circling, jumping, rearing, and wet dog shakes. One of these signs, rearing, may in fact reflect exploration rather than withdrawal. In those studies, rats had morphine paired or unpaired with distinctive contextual cues for several sessions and then were tested in that environment. During conditioning, the rats that received the drug in that context may have explored it less because they were sedated by the morphine. In the withdrawal test, this environment would have been more novel for these rats, as compared with the rats for which the contextual cues had been paired with saline. In the present study, rats were given eight injections of morphine, spaced 48 h apart, either paired or unpaired with distinctive contextual cues. During these sessions, the rats were physically restrained. Although both groups were equated for exploration of this context, the paired group, which received morphine in this context, displayed more rearing during the test session. These results suggest that rearing is an index of conditioned withdrawal.
New Approach to Local Flood Problems

Interference of population and urban growth with flood protection; review of TVA experience in identifying flood danger areas of cities and encouraging local action to guide urban development away from these areas.
Clinical uses of isokinetic measurements. Critical issues

Isokinetic measurements are widely used by physical therapists for evaluation and treatment planning. We believe that some use of isokinetic measurements is unwarranted in view of the paucity of credible scientific research on these measurements. With increased emphasis from third-party payers and from the medical community for documentation of the effectiveness of physical therapy services, we believe that therapists must be aware how they can and cannot use isokinetic measurements in their clinical settings. Concepts that relate to isokinetic testing are discussed and critically examined.
Development and Validation of the Workplace Hazing Scale

The purpose of this research was twofold. First we defined and conceptualized the construct of workplace hazing as a means of organizational socialization. Second, we developed a reliable and valid...
Electrokinetic Transport in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids: Amplification by Short-Wavelength Hydrodynamics

Electrokinetic transport in room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) plays an important role in their applications but is only begun to be understood. Here we report on the atomistic simulation of electroosmotic flows (EOF) in RTILs. We find that, although the EOF is suppressed by the ion–wall electrofriction, its strength greatly exceeds that predicted by classical hydrodynamic theories if correct ion distribution is used and electrofriction effects are effectively accounted for in these theories. We trace the unexpected flow strength to the short-wavelength nature of EOF in RTILs. We show that the EOF in RTILs is a rare example in which short-wavelength hydrodynamics profoundly affects flow measurables in macroscopic systems and thus is a good test bed for developing improved theories for generalized hydrodynamics.
A study of bacteriophage with antibacteriophagic serum

Bordet and Cuica 1 were the first to record the presence of an antibacteriophagic substance in the serum of an animal immunized with bacteriophage. The addition of this antiserum to a culture of bacteria and bacteriophage would prevent lysis, and subcultures from this mixture gave regular and normal colony formation, i. e., there was no evidence of bacteriophagic activity on the subcultures. These workers concluded that the lytic activity of the bacteriophage had been neutralized by the antilysins of the immune serum. D'Herelle and Eliava 2 repeated this experiment and found that a mixture of antibacteriophagic serum and bacteriophage would prevent lysis of a susceptible bacterium, but when subcultures were made from this growth, lysogenic or bacteriophagic activity was manifested after a certain time. They concluded that antilysins had only inhibited the lysins of the bacteriophage for the time being and that neutralization did not take place. We wish to record in this paper the results of our experiments dealing with the question whether the antilysins inhibit or neutralize the lysins of the bacteriophage and whether the antilytic serum acts on the bacterium and changes its susceptibility. We were also interested in passively immunizing a susceptible bacterium against the lytic activity of a bacteriophage.