cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NONLINEAR BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS FOR ELLIPTIC SYSTEMS IN THE PLANE

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses nonlinear boundary value problems for elliptic systems in the plane. It presents some new results on nonlinear elliptic systems in the plane. The chapter discusses semilinear equations where the principal part consists of an elliptic system of 2r equations. These may be put into a normal form using the hypercomplex algebra of Douglis or the matrix notation of Bojarski. When r = 1, the normal form for the principal part reduces to the Cauchy–Riemann operator. The chapter presents the recent work of Begehr–Gilbert concerning the nonlinear Cauchy–Riemann equations. Because this theory is reasonably well developed, an extension of the use of function theoretic methods to nonlinear problems is possible. The chapter presents two approaches to the problem of existence and uniqueness of these nonlinear, boundary-value problems, namely, a Schauder-fixed-point method and also an imbedding method approach based upon a priori estimates.
Closed-Form Scattering by a Class of Skew Trihedral Reflectors

The scattering of a plane electromagnetic wave by a metallic trihedral corner reflector is analyzed, in the phasor domain. Two of the metal planes of the reflector intersect the third plane perpendicularly, and form an angle between them that is equal to $\pi $ radian divided by an integer. The exact solution is obtained in closed form, and is shown to consist of the sum of a finite number of plane waves.
Neighborhood Health Care Access and Sexually Transmitted Infections among Women in the Southern United States: A Cross-Sectional Multilevel Analysis

Introduction The United States has experienced an increase in reportable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) while simultaneously experiencing a decline in safety net services for STI testing and treatment. This multilevel study assessed relationships between neighborhood-level access to health care and STIs among a predominantly Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-seropositive cohort of women living in the south. Methods This cross-sectional multilevel analysis included baseline data from HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study sites in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, and North Carolina between 2013 and 2015 (N = 666). Administrative data (eg, United States Census) described health care access (eg, percentage of residents with a primary care provider, percentage of residents with health insurance) in the census tracts where women lived. Sexually transmitted infections (chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, or early syphilis) were diagnosed using laboratory testing. Generalized estimating equations were used to determine relationships between tract-level characteristics and STIs. Analyses were conducted using SAS 9.4. Results Seventy percent of participants were HIV-seropositive. Eleven percent of participants had an STI. A 4-unit increase in the percentage of residents with a primary care provider was associated with 39% lower STI risk (risk ratio, 0.61, 95% confidence interval, 0.38-0.99). The percentage of tract residents with health insurance was not associated with STIs (risk ratio, 0.98, 95% confidence interval, 0.91-1.05). Relationships did not vary by HIV status. Conclusions Greater neighborhood health care access was associated with fewer STIs. Research should establish the causality of this relationship and pathways through which neighborhood health care access influences STIs. Structural interventions and programs increasing linkage to care may reduce STIs.
Large q expansion in the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model

We consider the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model, where interaction involves $q$ fermions at a time. We find the $1/{q}^{2}$ correction to the thermal two-point function in the large $q$ expansion. Using this result, we find the $1/{q}^{3}$ correction to the SYK free energy.
The first synthesis of biatriosporin D

Abstract Biatriosporin D was synthesized in six steps from 3,5-dimethoxyphenol. The key step was an intramolecular Friedel-Crafts cyclization of an acyl imidazolide to form an ortho-quinone.
Energy Management of Multiple Microgrids Based on a System of Systems Architecture

The rapid development of microgrid (MG) has made it ready to connect multiple MGs for providing regional power supply. The energy management of a multi-MG (MMG) system is the key to the reliable, economic operation of the interconnected power system. The MMG system is rich in distributed generation sources. The intermittence and volatility of renewable energy sources (RESs), such as wind and solar, cannot be ignored in a large-scale hybrid power system. Therefore, the energy management of a MMG system is a complex problem that coordinates distributed generation units within individual MGs, the power exchange among MGs, and the power trading between the grid and MGs. System of systems (SoS) has been identified as an effective way of forming a MMG system and coordinating the participating MGs for energy management. This paper proposes a hierarchical decentralized SoS architecture for the energy management of a MMG system and, accordingly, formulates it as a bilevel optimization problem. Energy management at the level of individual MGs is modeled as a multiple-stage robust optimization to handle the issue of RES uncertainty. Energy management at the level of MMG system further addresses the problem of spatially unbalanced demand and generation in the area. The proposed MMG energy management is further verified through a case study.
Fatigue Crack Growth in the Near-threshold Region

ABSTRACT Near-threshold fatigue crack growth was examined for a x7090-T6 Powder Metallurgy (P/M) alloy at two different load ratios, R = 0.05 and R = 0.5. Attention was focussed on the crack closure characteristics in the near-threshold region. It was found that crack closure in the near threshold region is higher at R = 0.05 than at R = 0.5, in fact at R = 0.5 the closure effect exists only for ΔK values very near to the threshold. The results of threshold tests are discussed in terms of the crack closure effect associated with a combined Mode II and Mode I crack process.
Measurement of the Radiative Decay Width of the Rho Meson

We have investigated the coherent reaction $\pi^- A \to A \pi^- \pi^0$ using nuclear targets of c, Al, Cu and Pb, at beam momenta of 156 GeV/c and 260 GeV/c. We found that, at these momenta, the $\rho^-$ meson dominates the $\pi^+ \pi^0$ mass spectrum. The data were analyzed allowing a small amount of hadronic background to interfere with the dominant electromagnetic production of the $\rho^-$. The results were used to extract a new value, $\Gamma (\rho^- \to \pi^- 8)$ =67±7 KeV, for the radiative decay width of the p- meson. This value for $\Gamma (\rho^- \to \pi^- 8)$, a factor of two larger than an earlier measurement, alleviates previous inconsistencies in the interpretation of vector-meson radiative decays in terms of models based on SU(3) symmetry.
A Population-Based Study of Long-Term Morbidity in Pancreas Cancer Patients.

e15742Background: Pancreatic cancer represents an aggressive disease characterized by early and relentless tumor spread. Appropriately, this pattern of progression leads healthcare providers to con...
An Examination of Parental Permissiveness of Alcohol Use and Monitoring, and Their Association with Emerging Adult Drinking Outcomes Across College.

Background Studies have shown that parents have a significant influence on emerging adult college students' drinking during the first year of college. Limited research has been conducted to address the question of whether parenting later in college continues to matter in a similar manner. The current study utilized a prospective design to identify associations between parental permissiveness toward alcohol use and monitoring behaviors and student drinking outcomes during the first and fourth years of college. Methods Participants (N = 1,429) at 3 large public universities completed surveys during the fall semesters of their first (T1) and fourth years (T2) (84.3% retention). The study employed a saturated autoregressive cross-lag model to examine associations between parental permissiveness of college student alcohol use, parental monitoring, student drinking, and consequences at T1 and T2, controlling for peer norms, sex, and campus. Results Examination of the association between parenting and student drinking outcomes revealed: (i) parental permissiveness was positively associated with drinking at T1 and again at T2; (ii) parental permissiveness had indirect effects on consequences via the effects on drinking at both times. Specifically, a 1-unit increase in parental permissiveness at T1 resulted in students experiencing 4 to 5 more consequences as a result of their drinking; (iii) parental permissiveness was not directly associated with monitoring at T1 or T2; and (iv) parental monitoring was significantly associated with drinking at T1 but not T2. Conclusions The findings provide evidence for the continued importance of parenting in the fourth year of college and parents expressing low permissiveness toward student drinking may be beneficial to reducing risky drinking even as students turn 21.
SIGACT news logic column 21

In this issue, Kramer, Gore, and Okamoto investigate how to use a logic of belief and knowledge to define the concepts of weak and strong trust relations as well as trust domains, and apply these definitions to security applications, such as trusted-third parties, the Web of Trust, public-key infrastructures, and identity-based cryptography. I am always looking for contributions. If you have any suggestion concerning the content of the Logic Column, or if you would like to contribute by writing a column yourself, feel free to get in touch with me.
The Use of the Biomarker Procalcitonin in Pediatric Cardiovascular Disorders

We highlight the recent data investigating the use of the biomarker procalcitonin (PCT) in several clinical scenarios involving children with cardiovascular disorders. The diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic uses of PCT are discussed. Limited pediatric-specific data, but substantial adult studies have described the use of PCT in 4 clinical scenarios: infection after cardiac surgery, heart failure and respiratory illness, infective endocarditis, and cardiac arrest. Procalcitonin is a biomarker with increasing utility in pediatric cardiovascular illness. Procalcitonin has successfully been shown useful in detecting bacterial infection after cardiac surgery, differentiating heart failure from respiratory infections, aiding the rapid diagnosis of infective endocarditis, and prognosticating patient outcomes after cardiac arrest. It also seems to perform superiorly to other inflammatory markers in these settings as well. A better understanding of the utility of PCT monitoring could help clinicians make more rapid and accurate clinical decisions.
Folate-displaying exosome mediated cytosolic delivery of siRNA avoiding endosome trapping

Folate (FA) receptor is a cell surface glycoprotein overexpressed on many cancer cells. It is a high affinity ligand for cancer cell targeting. However, delivery of siRNA directly through folate receptor mediated endocytosis for gene silencing has not, if any, been successful in clinical trial. We have reported the application of RNA nanotechnology to construct FA-displaying exosomes for efficient cell targeting, siRNA delivery and cancer regression (Pi et.al Nature Nanotechnology, 2018:13, 82-89; Li et al., Scientific Report, 2018:8, 14,644). However, the mechanism underlying the efficient therapeutic behavior through folate/exosome complex remains elusive. Here we demonstrate that the efficient cancer suppression with the FA-displaying exosome was due to the receptor-mediated cytosol delivery of the siRNA payload without endosome trapping, as attested by fluorescence colocalization analysis, gene knockdown assay and animal tumor regression. It is expected that the high potency of FA-displaying exosome in cytosolic siRNA delivery will renew the concept and interest in using FA as cancer targeting ligand in human cancer therapy.
Abstract P3028: Conditional Knockout of Acid Ceramidase in Collecting Ducts Exacerbates Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure With High Fat Diet

Ceramidase is the rate-limit step for the production of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) by controlling the immediate substrate sphingosine for S1P generation. We have previously shown that S1P increa...
Characterization of Specific Ion Effects on PI(4,5)P2 Clustering: Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Graph-Theoretic Analysis

Numerous cellular functions mediated by phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2; PIP2) involve clustering of the lipid as well as colocalization with other lipids. Although the cation-me...
Oxide structure of air-passivated U-6Nb alloy thin films

Abstract U-6Nb is a uranium alloy containing 6 wt% niobium that possesses high corrosion resistance. The structure and composition of the passivating oxide layer formed on air-aged U-6Nb, which gives the material its corrosion resistant properties, was characterized using surface scattering techniques. Stable oxide layers formed on the surface of a set of U-6Nb alloy thin films under ambient conditions were investigated using neutron reflectometry (NR), x-ray reflectometry (XRR) and grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXD). The passivating oxide was composed of approximately 27% U, 5% Nb, and 68% O, primarily consisting of a thin niobium oxide layer (5.5 ± 0.4 nm) separating a thicker UO2 layer (27.1 ± 2.3 nm) from the underlying U-6Nb alloy. A critical density of enriched niobium oxide at the metal-oxide interface is hypothesized to limit oxygen diffusion and confer high corrosion resistance to the alloy.
Dyspepsia: Overview and Treatment Options

Dyspepsia is a very common symptom of chronic upper abdominal pain that requires a substantial percentage of medical resources in the clinic and the emergency department. Functional dyspepsia is dyspepsia without explanation after common diagnostic testing, most often endoscopy. In the absence of biologic markers of disease, highly variable response to treatment, and a lack of FDA- or EMA-approved treatment, this common disorder lacks cohesive diagnostic and treatment strategies. We endeavor in this publication to clarify the diagnosis, treatment, organic basis of disease, and a practical approach to the clinic patient with dyspepsia.
Assimilation of coupled microwave/thermal infrared soil moisture profiles into a crop model for robust maize yield estimates over Southeast United States

Abstract Global food security is one of the most pressing issues of the current century, particularly for developing nations. Agricultural simulation models can be a key component in testing new technologies, seeds and cultivars etc., however, inaccurate input information in addition to model related errors adds to model uncertainties. Satellite observations of soil moisture (SM), vegetation index etc. can be assimilated into crop models to reduce input and model related uncertainties. The goal of this study was to determine if assimilation of satellite-driven SM profiles can improve crop model yield estimations in a commonly used crop model while reducing the reliance on field management information at regional scales. Toward reaching this goal, this study utilized satellite derived microwave and thermal-infrared coupled SM profiles assimilated into a crop model via the Ensemble Kalman Filter over parts of the Southeastern United States from 2006 to 2010. The gridded Decision Support System for AgroTechnology Transfer (GriDSSAT) model was used to test and verify the SM profile assimilation methodology in two specific modes: (a) first using the best state-of-the art climate inputs available without data assimilation (“open-loop”); (b) then enhancing the open-loop model by assimilating into the model Remote sensing Driven SM Profile (RDSMP) data where available. The National Agricultural Statistical Services (NASS) reported yield data at county levels were used for comparison and validation purposes. For non-irrigated regions, the GriDSSAT model simulation (rain-fed) showed an overall absolute error of nearly 36 % in comparison with the reported NASS yields, whereas the error in crop yields after data assimilation was only 29 %. Over irrigated counties, the GriDSSAT model simulation (irrigated) showed an error of nearly 24 % while using the data assimilation model simulation without irrigation information also showed overall error of ∼23 %. Compared to the open-loop model simulation and improvement in simulated crop yields of nearly 2.5 times was found over irrigated regions (23 % vs 58 %).
Incorporating Information on Control Diseases Across Space and Time to Improve Estimation of the Population-level Impact of Vaccines.

Background The synthetic control method evaluates the impact of vaccines while adjusting for a set of control time series representing diseases that are unaffected by the vaccine. However, noise in control time series, particularly in areas with small counts, can obscure the association with the outcome, preventing proper adjustments. To overcome this issue, we investigated the use of temporal and spatial aggregation methods to smooth the controls and allow for adjustment of underlying trends. Methods We evaluated the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on all-cause pneumonia hospitalizations among adults ≥80 years of age in 25 states in Brazil from 2005 to 2015. Pneumonia hospitalizations in this group indicated a strong increasing secular trend over time that may influence estimation of the vaccine impact. First, we aggregated control time series separately by time or space before incorporation into the synthetic control model. Next, we developed distributed lags models (DLMs) to automatically determine what level of aggregation was most appropriate for each control. Results The aggregation of control time series enabled the synthetic control model to identify stronger associations between outcome and controls. As a result, the aggregation models and DLMs succeeded in adjusting for long-term trends even in smaller states with sparse data, leading to more reliable estimates of vaccine impact. Conclusions When synthetic control struggles to identify important prevaccine associations due to noise in control time series, users can aggregate controls over time or space to generate more robust estimates of the vaccine impact. DLMs automate this process without requiring prespecification of the aggregation level.
Self-reported functional impairment in college students: relationship to noncredible reporting, ADHD, psychological disorders, and other psychological factors.

Introduction Both symptoms and functional impairment should be assessed in college students seeking evaluations for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, impairment is not specific to ADHD. Although it is well documented that self-reported symptoms can be reported noncredibly, there is less research examining credibility of self-reported impairment, and few clinicians rule out alternative causes for impairment. Method Participants (N = 428) completed self-report measures of functional impairment, sleep, perceived stress, and in an ADHD symptom measure with embedded validity indicators. Results Noncredible reporters endorsed greater functional impairment than credible reporters in several domains, but impairment was reported at a high rate even in credible responders (N = 323) in several domains. Participants who reported prior ADHD and participants who reported prior psychiatric diagnoses reported greater impairment and higher rates of clinically significant impairment than those who reported no prior diagnoses. Few differences in reported impairment emerged between those who reported ADHD and psychiatric diagnoses. Sleep and stress accounted for significant variance in impairment, and the ADHD group reported greater impairment than the psychiatric diagnosis and no diagnosis groups after controlling for these variables. Conclusions Results reinforce the importance of considering the validity of, and alternative sources for, self-reported impairment in college students with ADHD concerns.
Appendix F: Turtle Methods

This documentation was generated from the Python documentation available by typing from turtle import * help (Turtle) in the Python shell.
Effects of shared referential experience upon encoder-decoder agreement.

The effects of referential experience upon encoder-decoder agreement were studied by presenting decoders with stimuli (abstract paintings) originally used to elicit the messages. Agreement was assessed in terms of two measures of word predictability—verbatim replacement and replacement of words of the same grammatical form classes as the deleted items. Results indicated that referential experience enhanced verbatim replacement and more for lexical type words than for members of grammatical function classes. There were no such effects upon grammatical replacement Further, there were no differences according to whether the messages had been encoded as objective descriptions or as subjective interpretations of the stimuli.
Dynamic scheduling on parallel machines

The problem of online job scheduling on various parallel architectures is studied. An O((log log n)/sup 1/2/)-competitive algorithm for online dynamic scheduling on an n*n mesh is given. It is proved that this algorithm is optimal up to a constant factor. The algorithm is not greedy, and the lower bound proof shows that no greedy-like algorithm can be very good. The upper bound result can be generalized to any fixed-dimensional meshes. Competitive scheduling algorithms for other architectures are given. >
The reactions of ozone with propane and ethane

Abstract The reactions of ozone with propane and ethane were studied in the temperature range 0° to 60°C in thermostated infra-red gas cells. The major products of the ozone-propane reaction were found to be carbon dioxide, water vapour, acetone, formic acid and methanol. Major products of the ozone-ethane reaction included all the above with the exception of acetone. In the presence of added oxygen the activation energy for the ozone-propane reaction, calculated on the basis of the expression −d [O3]/dt = k [03] [C3H8] was found to be 14·6 kcal mole−1. The pre-exponential term was 2·12 × 108 l. mole−1 sec−1. In the absence of added oxygen, the activation energy was found to be 14·3 kcal mole-', and the pre-exponential term to be 1·17 × 108 l. Mole−1 sec−1, which values are not considered significantly different from those quoted above. In the presence of added oxygen, the activation energy for the ozoneethane reaction, calculated on the basis of the expression −d [03]/dt=k [03] [C2H6] was found to be 13·9 kcal mole−1. The pre-exponential term was 1·24 × 108 l. mole−1 sec−1 In the absence of added oxygen, the activation energy was found to be 14·7 kcal mole−1, and the pre-exponential term was calculated to be 3·50 × 108 l. mole−1 sec−1.As before, no significant difference is considered to exist between values obtained in the presence and in the absence of added oxygen. The reactions were observed to be substantially independent of Pyrex and sodium chloride surfaces. An approximate equivalence was found between the number of gramme-atoms of oxygen fixed in the products and the number of moles of ozone consumed. The low values obtained for the activation energy are taken to indicate that the initiating agent in the reactions is the ozone molecule.
Probing the Conformation of a Prion Protein Fibril with Hydrogen Exchange

A fragment of the prion protein, PrP(89–143, P101L), bearing a mutation implicated in familial prion disease, forms fibrils that have been shown to induce prion disease when injected intracerebrally into transgenic mice expressing full-length PrP containing the P101L mutation. In this study, we utilize amide hydrogen exchange measurements to probe the organization of the peptide in its fibrillar form. We determined the extent of hydrogen exchange first by tandem proteolysis, liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry (HXMS) and then by exchange-quenched NMR. Although single amide resolution is afforded by NMR measurements, HXMS is well suited to the study of natural prions because it does not require labeling with NMR active isotopes. Thus, natural prions obtained from infected animals can be compared with model systems such as PrP(89–143, P101L) studied here. In our study, we find two segments of sequence that display a high level of protection from exchange, residues 102–109 and 117–136. In addition, there is a region that displays exchange behavior consistent with the presence of a conformationally heterogeneous turn. We discuss our data with respect to several structural models proposed for infectious PrP aggregates and highlight HXMS as one of the few techniques well suited to studying natural prions.
Comments on the presence function of Gazalé

This Letter is an extension of the paper published by Gazale 1 in this Journal in April 1957.
Isolation and characterization of the Candida albicans MOT2 gene

A putative Candida albicans homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae MOT2 (modulator of transcription) has been cloned and analyzed. A cDNA fragment corresponding to a portion of S. cerevisiae MOT2 was used to isolate a similar C. albicans gene (CaMOT2). CaMOT2 is comprised of two exons of 50 bp and 1714 bp, respectively, with a single 82 bp intron located near the 5′ end of the gene. The gene encodes a protein (CaMot2p) with an estimated mass of 67 kDa. The 5′ region of the gene shows sequence homology with S. cerevisiae MOT2, whereas no significant similarity was observed in the 3′ region. Similarly, the N-terminal portion of C. albicans Mot2p exhibits approximately 80% homology with S. cerevisiae Mot2p, while no significant homology to any known protein was observed in the carboxyterminal half of the C. albicans protein. The N-terminal portion of CaMot2p contains a cysteine-rich domain (amino acids 18-62). The distribution of the cysteine residues identifies CaMot2p as a zinc-finger protein. The data sugg...
Purification and properties of liver triose phosphate isomerase.

Abstract Triose phosphate isomerase ( d -glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ketol-isomerase, EC 5.3.1.1) was prepared from horse and human livers with specific activities of 3 183 and 2 397 I.U./mg, respectively. The molecular weights of the human liver isomerase and the corresponding rabbit muscle enzyme were not significantly different. The rabbit muscle, horse liver, and human liver isomerases were resolved into five, three and three isozymes, respectively, by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Kinetic studies demonstrated similar K m 's for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate and similar equilibrium constants among the unresolved enzymes and the isolated isozymes.
A glial-neuronal-glial communication system in the mammalian central nervous system.

Previous studies have demonstrated that when tritiated proline ([3H]Pro) is injected into the dorsal column nuclei (DCN) of cats, it labels macroglial cells, but fails to label neurons at the injection site. (Tritiated leucine ([3H]Leu) in contrast, labels both neurons and some glial cells.) Despite the failure of [3H]Pro to label DCN neurons, labeling is still observed in DCN terminal targets. This result suggests that glial cells are involved in the translocation of [3H]Pro-labeled molecules from one part of the brain to another. The purpose of the present experiment was to use electron microscopic autoradiographic techniques to characterize the labeling produced in internal arcuate fiber tract axons arising from DCN neurons 24 h after injections of [3H]Pro (or [3H]Leu, for comparison) into DCN. It was reasoned that, if the translocation of [3H]Pro-labeled molecules from DCN to its targets is indeed carried out by glial cells, then only glial elements associated with the fibers should be labeled following [3H]Pro injections of DCN. If, on the other hand, the translocation involves an initial transfer of [3H]Pro-labeled molecules into neuronal perikarya followed by axonal transport, then only axolpasmic elements along the fiber pathway should be labeled. Injections of [3H]Pro into DCN labeled axoplasmic elements in samples of axons from the internal arcuate tract both ‘near’ (0.5–0.8 mm) and ‘far’ (2–4 mm) from the injection site at about an equal absolute density. However, glial elements associated with the axons were also labeled in both samples, but much more densely in the ‘near’ than in the ‘far’ axons. Injections of [3H]Leu labeled axoplasm more densely than did [3H]Pro (by a factor of 4 in the ‘far’ samples). Glial labeling by [3H]Leu near the injection site was much less than that of [3H]Pro, but ‘far’ from the injection, the levels of [3H]ProLeu and [3H]Pro glial labeling were comparable. Taken together with the results of other studies, these data support the existence of a previously unrecognized system of communication between glial cells and neurons. In this putative system (Fig. 9), molecules containingboth [3H]Leu and [3H]Pro are transferred from glial cells into adjacent neuronal soma and transported down the length of the axon where, all along the way, some of them are transferred from the axon into adjacent glial processes. The system is more readily apparent when [3H]Pro is used because of its avid and preferential uptake by glial cells. Potential functions of such a system are unknown, but could be trophic, protective and/or informative.
Complexes of cyclomaltoheptaose with aromatic diazo compounds: Formation and reactions

Abstract Pyrolysis of the relatively stable, solid complexes of cyclomaltoheptaose (β-cyclodextrin) with phenyldiazomethane, 1-diazo-1-phenylethane, and diazo-(diphenyl)methane results in degradation of the labile guests. The host matrix exerts “reaction-vessel” and “shape-selectivity” effects upon the reaction pathways of the guests and derivatives. The carbene insertion reaction with the β-cyclodextrin hydroxyl groups is regioselective.
PLASMA PROTEIN PRODUCTION AS INFLUENCED BY PARENTERAL PROTEIN DIGESTS, VERY HIGH PROTEIN FEEDING, AND RED BLOOD CELL CATABOLISM

When blood plasma proteins are depleted by bleeding, with return of the washed red cells (plasmapheresis), it is possible to bring dogs to a steady state of hypoproteinemia and a constant level of plasma protein production if the diet nitrogen is controlled and limited. Such dogs are outwardly normal but have a lowered resistance to infection and to certain intoxications. Certain protein digests given by vein may favor good production of plasma protein, as well as nitrogen and weight equilibrium, over long periods in these standardized dogs. These digests may be equally effective when given subcutaneously or intraperitoneally and more effective orally (one dog). Certain other digests may not be well utilized. The total nitrogen of the protein digests is better retained upon oral feeding than parenteral injection. Most of the excess nitrogen excretion is not in the urea and ammonia fraction of the urine. The rate of plasma protein production may reach as high as 1 gm./kilo/day in the dog when ample protein of good quality is fed. The products of catabolism of red blood cells in vivo may add to the production of plasma protein, at least during the administration of casein digest by vein.
A Persistent Primitive Hypoglossal Artery Arising from the External Carotid Artery Associated with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Background A persistent primitive hypoglossal artery (PHA) is a rare congenital caroticobasilar anastomosis with a reported prevalence of 0.027%–0.26%. Intracranial aneurysms occur with a frequency of approximately 26% in the setting of PHAs. Case description PHAs typically originate from the proximal cervical internal carotid artery. To date, however, six cases of PHAs originating from the external carotid artery have been reported. We present the first case of a PHA originating from the external carotid artery associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Conclusion We review the literature and discuss anatomic implications with respect to the extreme lateral infrajugular transcondylar exposure for clip ligation of a ruptured posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm in the setting of a PHA.
Postictal language dysfunction in patients with right or bilateral hemispheric language localization

Summary: Purpose: As shown previously, when temporal lobe complex partial seizures (TLCPS) originate from the language dominant hemisphere, patients cannot read a test phrase correctly within 60 s of the end of the ictal discharge. We wished to assess whether postictal language testing results discordant with this pattern identified patients with non-left (right hemisphere or mixed) language dominance. Methods: Since 1988, all patients undergoing video/EEG monitoring at our institution have been given a test phrase to read aloud as soon as a seizure is detected. Inclusion criteria for this study were (a) postictal language testing within 60 s of seizure end for at least one TLCPS, (b) >90% seizure reduction after anterior temporal lobectomy with 2-year minimum follow- follow- up, and (c) language localization by either intracarotid amobarbital test (IAT) or direct electrical stimulation of left hemisphere cortex. Results: Two hundred twenty-four seizures in 64 patients were analyzed. Discordant postictal language patterns were noted in 10 of 11 patients with IAT documented non-left language dominance and in 15 of 53 with left dominance (p = 0.006; sensitivity 90.9%, specificity 71.7%). Conclusions: Postictal language testing accurately identifies patients with non-left language dominance and may be useful in selecting appropriate patients for IAT.
Solar activity and the variations of the geomagnetic Kp-index

A careful correlation analysis is made between various types of solar activity as observed at photospheric levels and the daily variations of the geomagnetic Kp-index which, in turn, is a measure of the solar wind speed. We find that in no case does a significant enough correlation exist to pin-point a physical relation between some aspect of photospheric activity and the solar wind speed. It is concluded that the physical processes that do determine the wind speed occur at coronal heights.
Babcock vs. Mojonnier test for homogenized and unhomogenized milk

Summary The results of 8, 24, 23, 24, and 5 samples of milk homogenized at 1500, 2500, 3000, and 4000 pounds pressure, respectively, were averaged. The extreme variation in fat tests by the two methods was noted in the samples homogenized at 4000 pounds, in which the Mojonnier results were 0.119 of a per cent higher than the Babcock. Samples homogenized at 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 pounds pressure had variations of 0.082, 0.105, 0.097 and 0.103 of a per cent, respectively. The average discrepancy between the two tests of the 84 samples of homogenized milk was 0.102 of a per cent. The Mojonnier method was higher in 80 of 84 samples of homogenized milk tested. The Babcock test was only slightly higher on four samples with average differences of 0.001, 0.005, 0.009, and 0.050 of a per cent. The 27 samples of unhomogenized milk tested show that the Mojonnier method was 0.054 of a per cent higher than the Babcock. In 22 of the 27 samples, the Mojonnier tests averaged 0.058 of a per cent higher, and in the 5 remaining tests the Babcock exceeded by 0.038 of a per cent. The Babcock test of the milk used in this study was 3.2 per cent to 4.4 per cent fat. No significant difference was noted in variations between these two methods of the 3.2 and 4.4 per cent milks.
Katana: Towards Patching as a Runtime Part of the Compiler-Linker-Loader Toolchain

The mechanics of hot patching the process of upgrading a program while it executes remain understudied, even though it offers capabilities that act as practical benefits for both consumer and mission-critical systems. A reliable hot patching procedure would serve particularly well by reducing the downtime necessary for critical functionality or security upgrades. However, hot patching also carries the risk-real or perceived-of leaving the system in an inconsistent state, which leads many owners to forgo its benefits as too risky; for systems where availability is critical, this decision may result in leaving systems un-patched and vulnerable. In this paper, the authors present a novel method for hot patching ELF binaries that supports synchronized global data and code updates, and reasoning about the results of applying the hot patch. In this regard, the Patch Object format was developed to encode patches as a special type of ELF re-locatable object file. The authors then built a tool, Katana, which automatically creates these patch objects as a by-product of the standard source build process. Katana also allows an end-user to apply the Patch Objects to a running process.
Pregnancy rate in women with primary infertility based on self-reported stress level at the time of initial infertility consultation with a reproductive specialist

consulted by a psychologist, were asked their intention to disclose or not to disclose OD procedures to future offspring(s) and reasons for their answers. Statistics were conducted by t-test and Mann-Whitney rank-sum tests with significance at p<0.05. RESULTS: In 2008, nearly half (42.1%) of OD recipients responded ‘‘yes’’ to questions regarding planned disclosure. Therewas a significant decrease in disclosure by 2009 (21.1%). Afterwards, disclosure increased roughly 8.5% yearly, peaking in 2012 (47.4%). Patients planning to disclose, cited future offspring(s) are entitled to know their genetic background in order to understand their donor’s health history; and their subsequent long-term health risks. Additionally, these patients did not want to ‘‘keep a secret’’ in the household. OD recipients who did not plan to disclose remained consistent (10% margin) over the 5-year review, albeit 2012 achieved the lowest response (17.1%). Common reasons cited by reluctant to disclosure patients included: cultural disapproval, fear of community ostracism and potential offspring confusion of self-perception. CONCLUSION: Although this study demonstrated the highest OD recipient planned disclosure rate (47.4%) occurred in 2012, 40-60% of the overall population each year was uncertain of whether they would discuss or would be reluctant to disclose to future offspring that the pregnancies were the result of OD. Our center considers the recent rise in disclosure to be evidence of a generational and sociological shift towards acceptance of OD as a pathway to successful parenthood.
Macrophage proliferation induced in vitro by a lymphocyte factor

MACROPHAGE proliferation occurs in vivo as a component of the inflammatory response1 and particularly intense proliferation is characteristic of the delayed hypersensitivity reaction to infection with facultative intracellular pathogens2–4. The thymus-derived (T) lymphocyte is considered responsible for the expansion of the reticuloendothelial system in this type of infection5. Although the mechanisms by which lymphocytes induce macrophage proliferation and activation remain unclear, a number of lymphocyte-produced soluble mediators which influence the functions of macrophages have been described, including a biochemically distinct migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and chemotactic factor (MCF)6. The speculation that a lymphocyte-produced mitogenic factor may be responsible for the induction and maintenance of proliferation of macrophages prompted the present experiments.
The effect of carbonyl complexation on highly exothermic vanadium oxidation reactions

Abstract The effects of CO complexation on highly exothermic vanadium oxidation reactions is evaluated. We study the chemiluminescent (CL) reaction products formed when vanadium vapor entrained in Ar or CO is oxidized by O 3 or NO 2 . The multiple collision V + Ar + O 3 → VO * ( C 4 Σ − , 4 Φ , 2 X )+ Ar + O 2 reactive encounter yields two previously unreported VO excited states, whereas the V+Ar+NO 2 →VO * +Ar+NO reactive encounter populates states up to and including VO * C 4 Σ − . The multiple collision V+ n CO+O 3 reactive encounter would appear to form a VOCO excited state complex, emitting in the region 420–560 nm, via the formation and oxidation of V(CO) 2 viz. V(CO) 2 +O 3 →VOCO * +CO+O 2 and a relaxed VO excited state emitter via V+ n CO+O 3 →VO * + n CO+O 2 where the VO excited state excitation is mediated by V–CO complexation. In complement, the much less exothermic V–NO 2 encounter displays an emission which, in concert with previous studies of CO complexation, suggests the formation of a VO(CO) 2 excited state complex viz. V(CO) 2 +NO 2 →VO(CO) 2 * +NO. The experiments characterizing CL are complemented by comparative laser-induced fluorescence studies of the VO X 4 Σ − – CO and Ar interactions and their influence on the VO C 4 Σ − – X 4 Σ − laser-induced excitation spectrum. These studies, in conjunction with further attempts to excite LIF in the 420–560 nm region, suggest that the observed complex emissions result primarily from VO excited state interactions. Complementary time-of-flight mass spectroscopy of vanadium and vanadium-oxide–carbonyl complex formation demonstrates the formation of V(CO), V(CO) 2 , V 2 (CO), and VOCO, the latter three of which demonstrate clear metastable-ion dissociation peaks for the processes VOCO + →V + +CO 2 , V(CO) 2 + →V + +2CO, and V 2 (CO) + →V 2 + +CO, suggesting that these vanadium complexes when formed in a reaction-based environment may be photodissociated with light in the visible and ultraviolet regions.
Plasticity at glycinergic synapses in dorsal cochlear nucleus of rats with behavioral evidence of tinnitus

Fifteen percent to 35% of the United States population experiences tinnitus, a subjective "ringing in the ears". Up to 10% of those afflicted report severe and disabling symptoms. Tinnitus was induced in rats using unilateral, 1 h, 17 kHz-centered octave-band noise (116 dB SPL) and assessed using a gap-startle method. The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) is thought to undergo plastic changes suggestive of altered inhibitory function during tinnitus development. Exposed rats showed near pre-exposure auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds for clicks and all tested frequencies 16 weeks post-exposure. Sound-exposed rats showed significantly worse gap detection at 24 and 32 kHz 16 weeks following sound exposure, suggesting the development of chronic, high frequency tinnitus. Message and protein levels of alpha(1-3,) and beta glycine receptor subunits (GlyRs), and the anchoring protein, gephyrin, were measured in DCN fusiform cells 4 months following sound exposure. Rats with evidence of tinnitus showed significant GlyR alpha(1) protein decreases in the middle and high frequency regions of the DCN while alpha(1) message levels were paradoxically increased. Gephyrin levels showed significant tinnitus-related increases in sound-exposed rats suggesting intracellular receptor trafficking changes following sound exposure. Consistent with decreased alpha(1) subunit protein levels, strychnine binding studies showed significant tinnitus-related decreases in the number of GlyR binding sites, supporting tinnitus-related changes in the number and/or composition of GlyRs. Collectively, these findings suggest the development of tinnitus is likely associated with functional GlyR changes in DCN fusiform cells consistent with previously described behavioral and neurophysiologic changes. Tinnitus related GlyR changes could provide a unique receptor target for tinnitus pharmacotherapy or blockade of tinnitus initiation.
Interaction of convection and radiation heat transfer in high pressure and temperature steam

Analyse mathematique de l'interaction entre les transferts de chaleur par convection et rayonnement dans un ecoulement laminaire de vapeur d'eau a hautes temperature et pression. Application numerique a un ecoulement de vapeur d'eau a 68 kt dans un tube a paroi isotherme a 1000°K
Seasons of calving: age, management, and genetic differences for milk.

Abstract Differences between six seasons of calving (January-February, March-April, etc.), three ages (≤2, 3, ≥4 years), dry lot and pasture management, quartiles of herds on average production, and their interactions were measured by maximum likelihood in 37,247 305-day-2×-mature equivalent records of milk by 15,507 Holstein cows in 198 herds on test in Michigan Dairy Herd Improvement Association from 1958 to 1964. The largest yields of January-February declined 352 kg to the least for July-August calvings. Three-year-olds yielded most milk, but yield by two-year-olds was 25.4 kg more than the weighted average of older cows. The 4,195 records by 2,719 drylot cows were 338 kg more than 3,566 records by 2,318 cows in matching pasture herds. Change with season for two-year-olds was 140 kg less than for three-year-olds which changed 55 kg less than older cows. These interactions did not obscure the general seasonal pattern. Drylot herds varied more with season than did pasture herds and had different seasonal and age-seasonal patterns. Seasonal variation was largest, in first quartile herds and least in lower quartiles, but age-season interaction was more pronounced in lower quartiles. If these interactions are real, testing sires needs further refinement. Partition of genetic differences between cows calving in different seasons was unsuccessful.
Selective Incorporation of Polyanionic Molecules into Hamster Prions

The central pathogenic event of prion disease is the conformational conversion of a host protein, PrPC, into a pathogenic isoform, PrPSc. We previously showed that the protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) technique can be used to form infectious prion molecules de novo from purified native PrPC molecules in an autocatalytic process requiring accessory polyanions (Deleault, N. R., Harris, B. T., Rees, J. R., and Supattapone, S. (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104, 9741-9746). Here we investigated the molecular mechanism by which polyanionic molecules facilitate infectious prion formation in vitro. Ina PMCA reaction lacking PrPSc template seed, synthetic polyA RNA molecules induce hamster HaPrPC to adopt a protease-sensitive, detergent-insoluble conformation reactive against antibodies specific for PrPSc. During PMCA, labeled nucleic acids form nuclease-resistant complexes with HaPrP molecules. Strikingly, purified HaPrPC molecules subjected to PMCA selectively incorporate an approximately 1-2.5-kb subset of [32P]polyA RNA molecules from a heterogeneous mixture ranging in size from approximately 0.1 to >6 kb. Neuropathological analysis of scrapie-infected hamsters using the fluorescent dye acridine orange revealed that RNA molecules co-localize with large extracellular HaPrP aggregates. These findings suggest that polyanionic molecules such as RNA may become selectively incorporated into stable complexes with PrP molecules during the formation of native hamster prions.
Inactivation of yeast glucose-6-P dehydrogenase by aspirin

Glucose-6-P dehydrogenase is irreversibly inactivated by treatment with Na salts of aspirin. Kinetic data show that 1 molecule of aspirin reacts with each active unit when the enzyme is inactivated. The rate of inactivation is enhanced with increasing pH but is reduced in the presence of glucose-6-P or NADP+. Na salicylate fails to inactivate the enzyme.