cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Methods to identify dementia in the electronic health record: Comparing cognitive test scores with dementia algorithms.

Abstract Background Epidemiologic studies often use diagnosis codes to identify dementia outcomes. It remains unknown to what extent cognitive screening test results add value in identifying dementia cases in big data studies leveraging electronic health record (EHR) data. We examined test scores from EHR data and compared results with dementia algorithms. Methods This retrospective cohort study included patients 60+ years of age from Kaiser Permanente Washington (KPWA) during 2013–2018 and the Veterans Health Affairs (VHA) during 2012–2015. Results from the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Saint Louis University Mental Status Examination (SLUMS) cognitive screening exams, were classified as showing dementia or not. Multiple dementia algorithms were created using combinations of diagnosis codes, pharmacy records, and specialty care visits. Correlations between test scores and algorithms were assessed. Results 3,690 of 112,917 KPWA patients and 2,981 of 102,981 VHA patients had cognitive test results in the EHR. In KPWA, dementia prevalence ranged from 6.4%-8.1% depending on the algorithm used and in the VHA, 8.9%–12.1%. The algorithm which best agreed with test scores required ≥2 dementia diagnosis codes in 12 months; at KPWA, 14.8% of people meeting this algorithm had an MMSE score, of whom 65% had a score indicating dementia. Within VHA, those figures were 6.2% and 77% respectively. Conclusions Although cognitive test results were rarely available, agreement was good with algorithms requiring ≥2 dementia diagnosis codes, supporting the accuracy of this algorithm. Implications These scores may add value in identifying dementia cases for EHR-based research studies.
Incorporating socioscientific issues into a STEM education course: exploring teacher use of argumentation in SSI and plans for classroom implementation

The Socioscientific Issue (SSI) framework was applied to explore how a team of two teachers navigated SSI cases as students in a STEM education graduate program. Using a case study approach, we found a connection between the specific SSI case and levels of scientific argumentation, as well as teachers’ plans for teaching. Our findings suggest successes and challenges for our teachers in incorporating scientific argumentation through SSI cases into his/her intended classroom practices. Specifically, our participating teachers displayed notably higher levels of claims, reasoning, and ability to question the sources of information, but lower levels of evidence and rebuttals. They had difficulty in connecting claims to evidence and reasoning in discussing the SSI cases. Moreover, their intended classroom implementation considered how to connect the lessons to their students’ lives, build scientific knowledge, and provide meaningful context to engage their students in the study of SSI.
Effort Thrombosis Presenting as Unilateral “Pumped” Arm in a Climber

Upper extremity injuries are common among the growing population of climbers. Although conditions affecting musculoskeletal structures are the most common causes of symptoms, a comprehensive differential diagnosis is necessary to avoid the misdiagnosis of high-morbidity conditions in this patient population. We present a case of a climber with acute edema, erythema, and pain of the entire right upper extremity. After confirmation of an upper extremity deep vein thrombosis by ultrasound, and in the absence of secondary causes for his thrombotic process, he was diagnosed with effort thrombosis. The patient was treated acutely with anticoagulation, catheter thrombectomy, direct thrombolysis, and balloon angioplasty followed by surgical decompression of the subclavian vein. Owing to the importance of early diagnosis and initiation of treatment, it is critical to keep disorders affecting the upper thoracic vascular structures in consideration.
Cultivating emotion and the rise of the vernacular: the role of affect in ‘early Hindi-Urdu’ song

This paper explores the role of emotion in relation to the medium of expression. Starting with an investigation as to what feelings are named and foregrounded, the paper looks for shifts in affect ...
A Hemimysis-driven novel ecosystem at a modified rubble-mound breakwater: An Engineering With Nature® Demonstration Project.

The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) repairs aging breakwater structures as part of routine maintenance to maintain safe navigation in Great Lakes commercial ports. A USACE repair to an existing breakwater structure in Milwaukee Harbor (WI) implementing Engineering With Nature (EWN) principles created complex rocky habitat by strategically placing cobble-sized stone over conventional 5.4 to 9.1 metric ton boulders, thus creating "control" (boulder) and "treatment" (cobble) habitats. We evaluated the resultant nature-based breakwater (NBBW) developing food web versus an adjacent reference site on the same breakwater and determined that, unexpectedly, locally abundant Hemimysis anomala were impacting the food-web dynamics and feeding ecology of fishes occupying the structure. Fish and forage communities were sampled using gillnets, night scuba diving surveys, rock collections, and a novel trap to capture invertebrates. The resultant NBBW became home to a prolific population of nonindigenous Hemimysis, with indications that they were more abundant on cobble versus boulders, based on rainbow smelt feeding. This lithophilic/cave swelling mysid provided an important new food resource in Milwaukee Harbor for two introduced pelagic prey fishes: alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax). Gillnetting and night scuba diving surveys confirmed that rainbow smelt preferred to forage on the cobble section (p < 0.05). Hemimysis were also the primary food item consumed by nearshore game fishes such as young-of-the-year (YOY) yellow perch (Perca flavescens), YOY largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), and juvenile rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris). We propose that those breakwaters that harbor abundant Hemimysis constitute novel ecosystems (ecosystems that include both native and non-native biota) that might benefit harbor fisheries if well-managed. This project demonstrated how a low-cost design modification could be applied during the repair of rubble-mound, breakwater structures to achieve benefits beyond safe navigation. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;00:1-14. © 2021 SETAC.
Association between atrial fibrillation and bundle branch block.

Background The association between atrial fibrillation (Afib) and sinus and AV nodal dysfunction has previously been reported. However, no data are available regarding the association between Afib and bundle branch block (BBB). Methods Patient data were obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database between years 2009 and 2015. Patients with a diagnosis of Afib and BBB were identified using validated International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, and Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes. Statistical analysis using the chi-square test and multivariate linear regression analysis were performed to determine the association between Afib and BBB. Results The total number of patients with BBB was 3,116,204 (1.5%). Patients with BBB had a mean age of 73.5 ± 13.5 years, 53.6% were males, 39.1% belonged to the age group ≥80 years, and 72.9% were Caucasians. The prevalence of Afib was higher in the BBB group, as compared to the non-BBB group (29% vs 11.8%, p value<.001). This association remained significant in multivariate regression analysis with an odds ratio of 1.25 (CI: 1.24-1.25, P < .001). Among the subtypes of BBB, Afib was comparatively more associated with RBBB (1.32, CI 1.31-1.33, p value<.0001) than LBBB (1.17, CI 1.16-1.18, p value<.0001). The mean cost was higher among Afib with BBB, compared with Afib patients without BBB ($15 795 vs $14 391, p value<.0001). There was no significant difference in the mean length of stay (5.6 vs 5.9 days, p value<.0001) or inpatient mortality (4.9% vs 4.8%). Conclusion This study demonstrates that prevalence of Afib is higher in patients with BBB than without BBB. Cost are higher for Afib patients with BBB, compared to those without BBB, with no significant increase in mortality or length of stay.
Environmental Factors in Health

In this chapter we examine environmental sociology’s engagement with environmental health as a research topic and as a growing form of activism. We begin by providing a brief history of environmental illness and examine the ways in which government and industrial science have failed to protect human and environmental health. We then discuss the ways in which impacted community members and environmental health advocates have brought these issues to the attention of academics and the broader public. Next, we turn our attention to academic studies of contaminated communities, which formed the basis of early environmental sociology; scholarship on health social movements and other challenges to the dominant epidemiological paradigm; and more recent developments in exposure experience and contested illness. Finally, we discuss new research methods that involve researchers from multiple academic disciplines working with impacted communities. Putting all the above elements of research methods and sensibilities together, we arrive at a public sociology for environmental health, which represents a highly engaged approach to environmental concerns in which the needs of affected people and communities are placed in the primary position of importance. In the tradition of “public sociology” (Burawoy, Social Forces, 82(4):1603–1618; 2004), this type of research also seeks to inform debates and discussions outside of academia. We end the chapter with some concluding thoughts on environmental health and justice activism in the current era.
The Paradox of Explosive and Gradual Policy Change in Political Revolutionary Times

Many political revolutionary theorists have argued that political revolutionary activity occurs in a dramatic fashion resulting in explosive change in the orientation of established policy regimes resulting in radically new public policy outputs and governmental organizational structures. This research, quantitatively analyzing political revolutions that culminated in the 20th century, confirms that short-term political revolutionary activity and the establishment of new policy regimes were few in number. Most successful political revolutionary activities along with new policy regimes were long-term while some political revolutions were not successful. The process of political revolutionary activity to overthrow established policy regimes is a complex phenomenon with political and policy change occurring across widely varying time frames.
CHAPTER 32 – Functional Role(s) of Dimeric Complexes Formed from G-Protein-Coupled Receptors

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) form the largest known gene superfamily and are involved in the regulation of numerous physiological processes, including hormonal signaling, neurotransmission, and reception of sensory stimuli; not surprisingly, these receptors are targets for the large majority (≈90%) of clinically used drugs. All GPCRs share the same basic topology (an extracellular N terminus, seven transmembrane domains, and an intracellular C terminus) and are classified into six large families, A through F, based on sequence homology. Classically, GPCRs were thought to function as monomers; however, higher molecular weight complexes were often observed on protein electrophoretic gels, suggesting the existence of dimeric or higher order macromolecular complexes. It is clear that many GPCRs constitutively dimerize early in the synthetic pathway. In addition, it appears that ligand application can result in the formation of higher order heterooligomeric complexes with novel signaling and/or trafficking properties. It is hoped that future studies will elucidate whether these findings apply to all GPCRs or whether qualitative differences exist between different GPCRs with respect to their oligomerization.
On distributed control of voltage source inverters in island AC microgrids

This paper presents a new distributed control framework to coordinate inverter-interfaced distributed energy resources (DERs) in island microgrids. We show that under bounded load uncertainties, the proposed control method can steer the microgrid to a desired steady state with synchronized inverter frequency across the network and proportional sharing of both active and reactive powers among the inverters. We also show that such convergence can be achieved while respecting constraints on voltage level and branch angle differences. In addition, the proposed controller has several other appealing features, including being robust to microgrid parameters variations and applicable to lossy mesh microgrids with heterogeneous R/X distribution lines. Realistic simulation results are also provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Diversity in Organizations

In 2003, Alderfer and Sims wrote a well-received chapter in the Handbook of Psychology on diversity in organizations. The current chapter serves to update the research that has been done since this preceding chapter was published. To do this, we begin by defining diversity-related constructs and consider the benefits and challenges to conducting diversity-related research. We then specifically consider some of the diversity-related theories that Alderfer and Sims discussed and situate much of the last decade of diversity-related research in these and other more relevant theories. We then focus the reader on four particular topics that we believe are essential issues to consider in conducting diversity-related research. For these topics, we describe relevant literature and recommend future research directions. Finally, we draw general conclusions about diversity in organizations and speculate about what the most important theoretical and practical diversity-related research issues might be for the next decade. Keywords: diversity; stereotypes; discrimination
A geometric air-to-ground radio channel model

Presents a geometric channel model for simulation and analysis of air-to-ground radio communications. The model represents an airborne station communicating with a ground station in a cluttered environment (e.g., ground-based, mobile transceiver in an urban or village region). The model call be used to produce multipath component delay, strength, and direction of arrival (DOA) information, and it is therefore well suited for simulating vector channels for smart antenna arrays and antenna diversity systems. This air-to-ground channel model is based on a three-dimensional ellipsoidal geometry and uses principles similar to those used by the geometrically based single-bounce elliptical (GBSBE) and geometrically based single-bounce circular (GBSBC) models. However, instead of assuming two ground-based stations, this geometric air-to,ground model uses altitude and range information. The result is the ability to simulate multipath air-to-ground channels with a geometry more appropriate for the physical configuration of the stations.
Dissociation Energy and Long‐Range Potential of Diatomic Molecules from Vibrational Spacings of Higher Levels

Dissociation energy and long range interatomic potential of diatomic molecules from vibrational spacings of higher levels
EQUILIBRIUM OF RIGID BODIES

This chapter describes the equilibrium of rigid bodies. In a rigid body, the distances between every pair of points in the body are constant. A rigid body can undergo translational motion, rotational motion, or a combination of both translational and rotational motions. A rigid body translates if every point in the body moves the same distance parallel to a line. A rigid body rotates if one point in the body is fixed. In addition, when the forces acting on a rigid body combine to maintain the body in a state of rest or of motion with constant velocity, the body is said to be in a state of equilibrium. There are two conditions of equilibrium which, if satisfied, guarantee the rotational and translational equilibrium of a rigid body. The chapter presents the two conditions and elaborates them through examples. The concept of center of gravity is developed and three kinds of equilibrium are classified according to their stability. The chapter also introduces the principles of force and torque to make it possible to discuss equilibrium.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: Age at menarche and related events at puberty

Abstract Thirty-three children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia in whom treatment with glucocorticoids began before the age of 2 years were evaluated for age at menarche and related events at puberty. Eleven of these children had passed the menarche at the time of this study. Of the 22 not yet menstruating, 4 had passed their sixteenth birthday. Standard Life Table statistical analysis projected a delay in menarcheal age for the entire group. Though development of secondary sexual characteristics in general occurred normally, the group tended to be shorter than average and bone age was delayed in many of those in whom the menarche was delayed. Vicissitudes of therapy may be responsible for the alterations in linear growth, skeletal age, and delayed menarche.
Metabolism of basic amino acids in Pseudomonas putida. Intermediates in L-arginine catabolism.

Abstract Growth of Pseudomonas putida P2 (ATCC 25571) on l-arginine as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen induces synthesis of the enzymes of a catabolic pathway for arginine similar to that found in Streptomyces griseus, but with a different first intermediate. The catabolic sequence in this pathway is: l-arginine → α-ketoarginine → γ-guanidinobutyrate → γ-aminobutyrate. Isotope from l-[U-14C]arginine is incorporated into trapping pools of all three intermediates and isotope from α-keto[U-14C]arginine is incorporated into pools of γ-guanidinobutyrate and γ-aminobutyrate. Cell-free extracts of cultures grown on l-arginine are induced for the evolution of ammonia from l-arginine, for the evolution of CO2 from α-ketoarginine, and for the hydrolytic removal of urea from γ-guanidinobutyrate. Cultures grown on dl-malate and exposed to l-arginine induce the synthesis of an l-arginine uptake system and of three enzymes of l-arginine catabolism. Induction of all three enzymes is coordinate but is preceded by induction of the uptake system.
Mass Transport by Wave Motion

Transport properties of waves require a Lagrangian description. Even in simple waves particle motions can be highly nonlinear, and these nonlinearities are essential for transport. One-dimensional kinematic waves are used to illustrate some of the possible phenomena that affect wave transport.
The magnetic field turbulence at Comet Halley observed by Vega 1 and 2

The magnetic field observed by the VEGA spacecraft seems to be disturbed by the comet over a wide frequency band, and over an extended range surrounding the comet. The level of magnetic fluctuations seems higher than that of the solar wind at least as low as -0.3 mHz and as far as -10 Mkm. The observed fluctuation level near water group ion cyclotron frequency does not show a clear dependence on the distance from the comet when the spacecraft is far from the comet, but in the cometary magnetosheath the fluctuation level decreases with the decreasing distance from the comet near both proton and water group ion cyclotron frequency.
Between Acceleration and Occupation: Palestine and the Struggle for Global Justice

This article explores the contemporary politics of global violence through an examination of the particular challenges and possibilities facing Palestinians who seek to defend their communities against an ongoing settler-colonial project (Zionism) that is approaching a crisis point. As the colonial dynamic in Israel/Palestine returns to its most elemental level – land, trees, homes – it also continues to be a laboratory for new forms of accelerated violence whose global impact is hard to overestimate. In such a context, Palestinians and international solidarity activists find themselves confronting a quintessential 21st century activist dilemma: how to craft a strategy of what Paul Virilio calls “popular defense” at a time when everyone seems to be implicated in the machinery of global violence? I argue that while this dilemma represents a formidable challenge for Palestinians, it also helps explain why the Palestinian struggle is increasingly able to build bridges with wider struggles for global justice, ecological sustainability, and indigenous rights.
Optical gain of type II inter-sub-band quantum cascade lasers

Abstract We have calculated the optical gain of inter-sub-band quantum cascade lasers based on type II heterostructures such as InAs–GaSb–AlSb, using a model that includes the whole band diagram of the structure as well as the dynamics of all the processes involved. A comparison with similar calculations for conventional type I quantum cascade lasers based on the InGaAs–InAlAs heterostructure shows the theoretical superiority of type II lasers, with an optical gain more than 50% higher than that of type I lasers and a much more efficient energy conversion.
Cytological evaluation of spermatogenesis within the germinal epithelium of the male European wall lizard, Podarcis muralis.

The annual cytological changes to the male germinal epithelium were investigated in an introduced population of European wall lizards (Podarcis muralis). Testicular tissues were collected, embedded, sectioned by an ultramicrotome, and stained with the PAS procedure followed by a toluidine counterstain. Spermatogenesis in the lizard is divided into the proliferative, meiotic, and maturational phases. Wall lizards have a prenuptial pattern of spermatogenesis, where sperm development begins immediately prior to and continues through the months of breeding (April-June). The testis then involutes, undergoes a short period of quiescence, and recrudescence commences in mid-July. Germ cells undergo proliferation, meiosis, and the early stages of spermiogenesis (maturation) from late July through December. However, the late stages of spermiogenesis are retarded from December through February. Spermiogenesis continues at an accelerated pace from March through May, leading to a single massive spermiation event through the month of June. Although spatial relationships are seen between germ cells within the seminiferous epithelium, accumulation of spermatids during winter and acceleration of elongation in spring prevents determination of consistent cellular associations between early and late developing germ cells within the wall lizard testis. This temporal germ cell development is different from the consistent spatial development seen within seasonally breeding birds and mammals and may represent an evolutionary intermediate in terms of amniotic germ cell development. J. Morphol. 258:296–306, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR VIDEO DISPLAY TERMINAL WORKSTATIONS

Body dimensions are main determiners of equipment dimensions. Design for the "average user" is not suitable. Selected percentile values at the lower and upper extremes of the variable distribution determine minimum and maximum equipment dimensions or adjustment ranges. Interactions among design variables must be considered. This paper applies this rationale to the determination of major equipment dimensions of video display terminal (VDT) workstations. While the approach is generally usable, the specific data describing the U.S. population used in this paper indicate design ranges appropriate for North America. Since American body dimensions are quite comparable to most European data, the equipment dimensions should also be suitable for use in Europe.
On the forced nonlinear Schrödinger equation

One considers nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equationsiqt=qxx±2|q|2q withq(x,0)=q0(x) andq(0,t)=Q(t) (0≤x, t<∞ andq → 0 asx → ∞). The main thrust is to determine the time evolution of spectral data so that the problem can be solved by inverse scattering. Several approaches are indicated involving different spectral data.
A model of physiological and allometric factors in the self-thinning curve

Abstract A generalized self-thinning curve for plants is derived from the modified Von Bertallanfy equation. When an asymptotic relation between photosynthesis per unit of leaf area and stocking density is assumed, the self-thinning curve thus derived is also asymptotic on a log-log scale but is fitted quite well by a log-linear approximation. The model predicts that the slope of the log-linear approximation is a function of (a) photosynthetic response to density and (b) the relation between leaf area and total aboveground biomass. Intercept of the log-linear approximation is a function of these plus maximum attainable biomass, site productivity, density at which maximum photosynthesis is attained, and the nature of carbon loss within the plant community. Linkages between various parameters within the model act to reduce differences in slope and intercept for species with different life history's and physiological requirements.
An experimental study of the oxidation of sulfur dioxide in aqueous manganese sulfate aerosols

A continuous stirred tank reactor is used to study growth of manganese sulfate (MnSO_4) aerosols due to catalytic oxidation of SO_2 in humid air. Humidities ranged from 91–97% and SO_2 concentrations from 0 to 92 ppm. The results of the growth studies are consistent with the rate expression for production of sulfuric acid: d[H_2SO_4]/dt=(8.3±2.5)x10^(-5)/[H^+]Ms^(-1). This expression is estimated to hold for [Mn^(2+)] ⩾ 0.O1 M and [SO_2] ⩾ 10 ppm.
Comparison of Two Mesh Sizes for Collecting Larval Yellow Perch in Surface Trawls

Abstract We evaluated the differences in density estimates (larvae/100 m3), mean total lengths (TL; mm), and length frequency distributions of larval yellow perch Perca flavescens collected using 500- and 1,000-μm-mesh surface trawls in a small South Dakota lake. No significant difference in larval yellow perch density between mesh sizes was detected across sampling dates (F = 0.02, df = 1, P = 0.90). Significant differences in the length frequency distributions (Kolmogorov–Smirnov asymptotic test statistic = 1.532; df = 100, 106; P = 0.02) of larval yellow perch were detected on one early sampling date; however, when mean lengths exceeded 9 mm, total lengths and length frequency distributions were similar across mesh sizes. We collected smaller larval yellow perch (mean TL = 4.9 mm) earlier in the 500-μm-mesh net than in the 1,000-μm-mesh net. Peak larval yellow perch density was observed simultaneously and did not differ between mesh sizes. Estimates of precision associated with peak larval densities we...
Comparison of propidium monoazide-quantitative PCR and reverse transcription quantitative PCR for viability detection of fresh Cryptosporidium oocysts following disinfection and after long-term storage in water samples.

Abstract Purified oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum were used to evaluate the applicability of two quantitative PCR (qPCR) viability detection methods in raw surface water and disinfection treated water. Propidium monoazide-qPCR targeting hsp70 gene was compared to reverse transcription (RT)-qPCR heat induced hsp70 mRNA in water samples spiked with oocysts. Changes in viability of flow cytometry sorted fresh and oocysts having undergone various aging periods (up to 48 months at 4 °C) were evaluated by Ct values obtained from the qPCR before and after disinfection scenarios involving ammonia or hydrogen peroxide. Both qPCR methods achieved stability in dose dependent responses by hydrogen peroxide treatment in distilled water that proved their suitability for the viability evaluations. Oocysts exposed to 3% hydrogen peroxide were inactivated at a rate of 0.26 h −1 and 0.93 h −1 , as measured by the mRNA assay and the PMA-DNA assay, respectively. In contrast, the PMA-DNA assay was not as sensitive as the mRNA assay in detecting viability alterations followed by exposure to ammonia or after a long-term storage in 4 °C in distilled water since no dose response dependency was achieved. Surface water concentrates containing enhanced suspendable solids determined that changes in viability were frequently detected only by the mRNA method. Failure of, or inconsistency in the detection of oocysts viability with the PMA-DNA method, apparently resulted from solids that might have reduced light penetration through the samples, and thus inhibited the cross-linking step of PMA-DNA assay.
Axons from restricted regions of the cortex pass through restricted portions of the corpus callosum in adult and neonatal rats

It is known that development of the interhemispheric pathway is accompanied by a dramatic reduction in the number of callosal fibers. By injecting neuroanatomical tracers into the cortex of newborn and adult rats, we examined the distribution of fibers within the corpus callosum both before and after this loss takes place. We found that in both newborn and mature rats, axons from restricted regions of the cortex are grouped into relatively tight bundles within the corpus callosum and that the location of these bundles depends upon the region of cortex from which they originate. These results indicate that callosal fibers that are destined to disappear are not distributed diffusely throughout the corpus callosum of the neonate, but rather that they traverse this commissure through the sector that is appropriate for the area of the cortex from which they originate. This finding suggests that loss of axons does not play a significant role in establishing the overall topographic pattern of the fibers within the callosal commissure.
Comparisons of Sweat Gland Counts, Electrodermal Activity, and Habituation Behavior in Young and Old Groups of Subjects

The present experiment utilized a habituation paradigm to investigate age differences in sweat gland counts (SGC), skin conductance responses (SCR), and skin conductance levels (SCL). The 12 young subjects (mean age 25.3 yrs) and the 12 old subjects (mean age 69.5 yrs) exhibited no reliable age differences in habituation of the SCR or in the magnitude of the SCRs measured. Bilateral conductance recordings revealed no laterality effects for SCR or SCL in either age group. Age differences were found for both SGC and SCL. Correlations of SGC with SCL revealed a strong relationship in the young (r= 74) and a relatively weak correspondence in the elderly (r= .22). The reverse was observed for SGC and SCR correlations, with the old sample showing consistently high correlations and the younger sample consistently low correlations. A stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the variance in SCL predicted by age was not independent of the variance predicted by differences in SGC. The data are discussed in terms of age-related change in peripheral factors which affect electrodermal behavior.
EXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS THEOREMS IN INVARIANT IMBEDDING. II. CONVERGENCE OF A NEW DIFFERENCE ALGORITHM

Abstract : The theory of invariant imbedding leads to new types of difference approximations to partial differential equations. To illustrate the type of analysis required to establish the convergence of the solution of one to the solution of the other, we consider the difference approximation u(x delta, y) u(x, y u(x, y) delta), and the limiting equation u sub x uu sub y.
Forced motion of an initially stressed rectangular plate—An elasticity solution

An initially stressed rectangular plate is subjected to a transverse, time dependent load. The initial stress field is constant and parallel to two of the plate edges. The transverse load is uniformly distributed over a rectangular area, the sides of which are parallel to the sides of the plate. The problem is formulated within the framework of classical, three-dimensional elasticity theory, and an exact solution is obtained in series form. The case of static stability under pre-stress is also considered.
Modified equation techniques for reactive-diffusive systems. Part 1: Explicit, implicit, and quasilinear methods

Abstract A family of modified equation techniques for one-dimensional reaction-diffusion equations has been developed and applied to the study of a single reaction-diffusion equation which has an exact travelling wave solution. Modified equation methods have also been applied to study the propagation of a laminar flame through an ozone-oxygen mixture. It is shown that modified implicit techniques are less accurate than the standard implicit method if the time derivatives are evaluated by means of a first-order accurate formula. If the time derivatives are approximated by second-order accurate expressions, modified equation methods yield L 2 - norm errors which are almost independent of the time step used in the calculations; they are also independent of time. Large accuracy improvements can be obtained by using modified equation methods. These improvements are achieved at the expense of involving five grid points and requiring iterations if quasilinear techniques are used in the calculations. A linear stability analysis of the modified equation methods presented in this paper shows that the modified explicit scheme requires smaller time steps than the standard explicit method.
‘Fast-track’ multimodal rehabilitation program improves outcome after laparoscopic sigmoidectomy: a controlled prospective evaluation

Laparoscopic colorectal resection improves patient outcome by reducing pain, postoperative pulmonary dysfunction, gastrointestinal paralysis, and fatigue. A multimodal rehabilitation program (“fast-track”) with epidural analgesia, early oral feeding, and enforced mobilization may further improve the excellent results of laparoscopic colorectal resection, enabling early ambulation of these patients. Fifty two consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic sigmoidectomy with standardized regular perioperative treatment (standard) or multimodal rehabilitation program (“fast-track”). Outcome measures included pulmonary function, duration of postoperative ileus, pain perception, fatigue, morbidity, and mortality. Twenty nine standard-care patients (19 men and 10 women) and 23 fast-track patients (15 men and eight women) were evaluated. Demographic and operative data were similar for the two groups. On the 1st postoperative day, pulmonary function was improved (p = 0.01) in fast-track patients. Oral feeding was achieved earlier (p 0.05), but fatigue was increased in the standard-care group on the 1st (p = 0.06) and 2nd (p < 0.05) postoperative days. Morbidity was not different for the two groups. Fast-track patients were discharged on day 4 (range, 3–6) and standard-care patients on day 7 (range, 4–14) (p < 0.001). Multimodal rehabiliation can improve further on the excellent results of laparoscopic sigmoidectomy and decrease the postoperative hospital stay.
On phenomenological failure criteria for composite bolted joint analysis

Abstract There has been a recent trend to use phenomenological strength models in combination with point stress or average stress failure criteria to form strength models for the analysis of composite bolted joints. Several papers published using these approaches have demonstrated practical reductions in the size of the empirical data base required to perform bolted joint analysis for specific materials and laminates. Since the inception of phenomenological failure models for bolted joints several refinements have been proposed, but the generality of the method is not clearly defined. This paper addresses the concepts underlying the formulation of these strength models, compares the capabilities of several commonly used failure criteria and discusses the limits of applicability through example analyses and comparison with experimental data. The results indicate that differences in predicted strengths for the models examined were insignificant. Failure mode predictions based on single point failure location information varied from model to model and differed significantly from experimentally observed failure modes for some geometries. The models cannot be applied with confidence for the analysis of a wide class of laminates and geometries without calibrating the model through empirical data.
Analysis of the 1H NMR spectra of substituted fluorenyl carbanions

Abstract The 1H NMR spectra of 2-methylcarbazole nitranion, bifluorene dianion, and four substituted fluorenyl carbanions have been analyzed for chemical shifts and coupling constants. Analysis of these substituted derivatives confirm the earlier assignment of fluorenyl carbanion and carbazole nitranion. Vicinal proton-proton coupling constants for these and related anions are correlated with calculated π-bond orders. It is found that a reasonable correlation exists for ω-bond orders but not for Huckel-bond orders.
Combined conduction and radiation with flux boundary condition for a semi-transparent medium covered by thin radiating layers

Abstract Transient and steady-state heat conduction in an absorbing, emitting, gray, plane-parallel slab with a thin semi-transparent covering at both boundaries is considered. The outer surfaces are subjected to externally applied heat-flux and dissipate heat by radiation into ambients at specified temperatures. Sufficiently general flux boundary conditions presented here contain numerous situations as special cases. In this study, an opaque covering as viewed from both inside and outside the medium is considered, the effects of the conduction-to-radiation parameter, the optical thickness of the medium, and the emissivities of both the covering and medium on temperature rise at the boundaries as well as temperature and heat-flux distributions in the medium are studied.
The Homeodomain Resource: sequences, structures, DNA binding sites and genomic information.

The Homeodomain Resource is an annotated collection of non-redundant protein sequences, three-dimensional structures and genomic information for the homeodomain protein family. Release 3.0 contains 795 full-length homeodomain-containing sequences, 32 experimentally-derived structures and 143 homeo-box loci implicated in human genetic disorders. Entries are fully hyperlinked to facilitate easy retrieval of the original records from source databases. A simple search engine with a graphical user interface is provided to query the component databases and assemble customized data sets. A new feature for this release is the addition of DNA recognition sites for all human homeodomain proteins described in the literature. The Homeodomain Resource is freely available through the World Wide Web at http://genome.nhgri.nih.gov/homeodomain.
Aerosol studies by light scattering. I. Particle size distribution by polarization ratio method

Abstract A method for determination of particle size distribution of spherical particles in the submicron range from the polarization ratio of the scattered light is described. A logarithmic distribution is assumed. Experimental values of the polarization ratio are compared with theoretical values at 19 angles. Theoretical computations have been carried out for refractive indices, m = 1.43, 1.51, and 2.074, for modal values of the size parameters α = 1.9(.1)15.0 , for logarithmic standard deviations, σ = .005(.005)−.155; .16(.01).30, and for angles of observation, θ = 30°(5°)130°.
Timing of Vaccination Does Not Affect Antibody Response or Survival after Pneumococcal Challenge in Splenectomized Rats

BackgroundPneumococcal vaccination after splenectomy for trauma decreases the incidence of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection. The optimal timing of vaccination has not been established. This study was conducted to determine whether timing of vaccination after splenectomy affects antibody respon
Teaching normal birth interactively.

In this column, the author provides examples of teaching strategies that childbirth educators may utilize to illustrate each of the six care practices supported by Lamaze International to promote normal birth: labor begins on its own, freedom of movement throughout labor, continuous labor support, no routine interventions, non-supine (e.g., upright or side-lying) positions for birth, and no separation of mother and baby with unlimited opportunity for breastfeeding.
The purification and properties of a ribonuclease from squid.

Abstract A ribonuclease in squid caecal fluid was partially purified and its properties studied. The enzyme is optimally active at pH 5.3 and is relatively stable to heating and treatment with acid. It was purified approximately 300-fold by heat treatment and salt gradient elution from a carboxymethylcellulose column. The purified enzyme was free of deoxyribonuclease, phosphatase, and phosphodiesterase activity. Specificity studies indicated that the squid enzyme could hydrolyze either purine or pyrimidine diester bonds. It also slowly split, 2′,3′-cyclic adenosine phosphate but did not hydrolyze 2′,3′-cyclic pyrimidine phosphates.
Note: Concise proofs for adjacent vertex-distinguishing total colorings

Let G=(V,E) be a graph and f:(V@?E)->[k] be a proper total k-coloring of G. We say that f is an adjacent vertex- distinguishing total coloring if for any two adjacent vertices, the set of colors appearing on the vertex and incident edges are different. We call the smallest k for which such a coloring of G exists the adjacent vertex-distinguishing total chromatic number, and denote it by @g"a"t(G). Here we provide short proofs for an upper bound on the adjacent vertex-distinguishing total chromatic number of graphs of maximum degree three, and the exact values of @g"a"t(G) when G is a complete graph or a cycle.
An exact solution of transient equations describing slow axonal transport

An exact analytical solution of equations describing slow axonal transport of cytoskeletal elements (CEs) injected in an axon is presented. The equations modelling slow axonal transport are based on the stop-and-go hypothesis. The simplest model implementing this hypothesis postulates that CEs switch between pausing and running kinetic states, and that the probabilities of CE transition between these two states are described by first-order rate constants. It is assumed that initially CEs are injected such that they form a uniform pulse of a given width. All injected CEs are initially attributed to the pausing state. It is shown that within 30 s kinetic processes redistribute CEs between pausing and running states; after that the process occurs under quasi-equilibrium conditions. The parameter accessible to experiments is the total concentration of CEs (pausing plus running). As the initial rectangular-shaped pulse moves, it changes its shape to become a bell-shaped wave that spreads out as it propagates. ...
Boundary-condition dependent elasticity of short double-stranded DNA molecules

We have measured the entropic elasticity of ds-DNA molecules ranging from 247 to 1298 base pairs in length, using axial optical force-clamp tweezers. We show that entropic end effects and excluded-volume forces become significant for such short molecules. In this geometry, the effective persistence length of the shortest molecules decreases by a factor of two compared to the established value for long molecules, and excluded-volume forces extend the molecules to about one third of their nominal contour lengths in the absence of any external forces. We interpret these results in the framework of a modified wormlike chain model.
Hybrid numerical methods to solve shallow water equations for hurricane induced storm surge modeling

In this paper an efficient numerical method based on hybrid finite element and finite volume techniques to solve hurricane induced storm surge flow problem is presented. A segregated implicit projection method is used to solve the 2D shallow water equations on staggered unstructured meshes. The governing equations are written in non-conservation form. An intermediate velocity field is first obtained by solving the momentum equations with the matrix-free implicit cell-centered finite volume method. The nonlinear wave equation is solved by the node-based Galerkin finite element method. This staggered-mesh scheme is distinct from other conventional approaches in that the velocity components and auxiliary variables are stored at cell centers and vertices, respectively. The present model uses an implicit method, which is very efficient and can use a large time step without losing accuracy and stability.The hurricane induced wind stress and pressure, bottom friction, Coriolis effect, and tidal forcing conditions are implemented in this model. The levee overtopping option is implemented in the model as well. Hurricane Katrina (2005) storm surge has been simulated to demonstrate the robustness and applicability of the model.
Centroid-moment tensor solutions for July–September, 1996

Abstract Centroid-moment tensor solutions are presented for 252 earthquakes that occured during the third quarter of 1996. The solutions are obtained using corrections for aspherical earth structure represented by a whole mantle shear velocity model SH8/U4L8. A new model of anelastic attenuation is used to predict the decay of the waveforms.
Hyperfine Pressure Shift for Interacting Atoms: Pitfalls of a Variational Procedure

In a recent Letter on the hyperfine shifts in HeH the conclusion was reached that the hyperfine shift is never negative, even at the largest separations. This conclusion, which is in disagreement with fundamental ideas regarding the role of the van der Waals interaction in hyperfine pressure shifts, is traced to an uncritical use of Brillouin's theorem. Upon making the necessary corrections, we obtain a long-range negative shift of proper magnitude.
Dropwise condensation of steam at elevated pressures

Abstract The results of a study of the mechanism of dropwise condensation of steam at elevated pressures are presented. In this investigation, cupric oleate was used to promote dropwise condensation on a vertical copper surface. In the first phase of this work, equivalent heat transfer coefficients for dropwise condensation of steam were determined experimentally for pressures ranging from 0 to 142 psig (362°F). The results showed that for each Δ T s there is a pressure at which the film coefficient is a maximum and that this maximum increases slightly as Δ T s decreases. For a Δ T s of 10 and 20°F, the maximum heat transfer coefficient is 33,000 and 24,000 Btu/hr-ft 2 -°F respectively and lies in the pressure range 50–60 psig. It is believed that this maximum reflects the formation of a quasi-film of closely packed drops which offers considerable resistance to heat transfer. Photographic analysis of the dropwise condensation phenomena revealed that the combined effects of drop cycle time, free area available for condensation, and condensing surface temperature are the factors which cause a maximum in the equivalent heat transfer coefficient. A theoretical analysis is presented which is consistent with experimental observations. Also photographs revealed that dropwise condensation was maintained for pressures up to 120 psig (350°F).
Sub-millimeter resolution 3D optical imaging of living tissue using laminar optical tomography

In-vivo imaging of optical contrast in living tissues can allow measurement of functional parameters such as blood oxygenation and detection of targeted and active fluorescent contrast agents. However, optical imaging must overcome the effects of light scattering, which limit the penetration depth and can affect quantitation and sensitivity. This article focuses on a technique for high-resolution, high-speed depth-resolved optical imaging of superficial living tissues called laminar optical tomography (LOT), which is capable of imaging absorbing and fluorescent contrast in living tissues to depths of 2–3 mm with 100–200 micron resolution. An overview of the advantages and challenges of in-vivo optical imaging is followed by a review of currently available techniques for high-resolution optical imaging of tissues. LOT is then described, including a description of the imaging system design and discussion of data analysis and image reconstruction approaches. Examples of recent applications of LOT are then provided and compared to other existing technologies. By measuring multiply-scattered light, Laminar Optical Tomography can probe beneath the surface of living tissues such as the skin and brain.