cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Paramagnetic Relaxation of Some Rare-Earth Ions in Diamagnetic Crystals

The pulsed-saturation method at 8.9 kMc/sec was used to measure the spin-lattice relaxation rate ${{T}_{1}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{2+}$, ${\mathrm{Ho}}^{2+}$, and ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{2+}$ in Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$, for ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}$ in yttrium gallium garnet, yttrium aluminum garnet, and lutetium gallium garnet; for ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ in yttrium gallium garnet and yttrium aluminum garnet; and for ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{3+}$ in lanthanum ethyl sulphate at low temperatures. The experimental data in most cases are in satisfactory agreement with the theoretical predictions based on the combined Van Vleck-Orbach theory. Besides the expected conventional processes, a process ${{T}_{1}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\ensuremath{\propto}{T}^{5}$ was observed for ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{2+}$ in Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ in the temperature range 15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Furthermore, a pronounced anisotropy in ${T}_{1}$ (a factor \ensuremath{\sim}6) for ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{3+}$ in lanthanum ethyl sulphate was found both experimentally and theoretically.
Modelling of volatile organic compounds emission from dry building materials

Abstract A numerical and an analytical model were developed to predict the volatile organic compound (VOC) emission rate from dry building materials. Both models consider the mass diffusion process within the material and the mass convection and diffusion processes in the boundary layer. All the parameters, the mass diffusion coefficient of the material, the material/air partition coefficient, and the mass transfer coefficient of the air can be either found in the literature or calculated using known principles. The predictions of the models were validated at two levels: with experimental results from the specially designed test and with predictions made by a CFD model. The results indicated that there was generally good agreement between the model predictions, the experimental results, and the CFD results. The analytical and numerical models then were used to investigate the impact of air velocity on emission rates from dry building materials. Results showed that the impact of air velocity on the VOC emission rate increased as the VOC diffusion coefficient of the material increased. For the material with a diffusion coefficient > 10 −10 m 2 / s , the VOC emission rate increased as the velocity increased; air velocity had significant effect on the VOC emission. For the material with a VOC diffusion coefficient 10 −10 m 2 / s , the VOC emission rate increased as the velocity increased only in the short term; 24 h . In the medium- to long-term time range, the VOC emission rate decreased slightly as the air velocity increased; velocity did not have much impact on these materials. Furthermore, the study also found that the VOC concentration distribution within the material; the VOC emission rate and the VOC concentration in the air were linearly proportional to the initial concentration. However, the normalized emitted mass was not a function of the initial concentration: it was a function of the properties of the VOC and the material.
Brain drain and institutions of governance: Educational attainment of immigrants to the US 1988–1998

Abstract We investigate the impact of home country institutions on the skill level of immigrants to the United States over 1988–1998. Specifically, we explore the hypothesis that institutions are multidimensional and that the different dimensions have conflicting impacts on the migration of skilled labor. Using an exploratory factor analysis on fifteen institutional variables, we identify the following dimensions of institutional character: credibility, transparency, democracy, and the security of civil society. We find that credibility and transparency increase the magnitude of brain drain, security reduces it, and democracy has no significant impact.
Decays of a leptophobic gauge boson

Abstract We discuss the theory and phenomenology of decays of a leptophobic U(1)x gauge boson X, such as has been proposed to explain the alleged deviations of Rb and Rc from standard model predictions. If the scalars involved in the breaking of the SU(2) × U(1) symmetry are sufficiently light, X will sometimes decay into a charged (or neutral) scalar along with an oppositely-charged W (or Z). These decay modes could yield clean signals for the leptophobic gauge bosons at hadron colliders and provide an interesting window into the Higgs sector of the theory.
Complexity and Module Varieties for Classical Lie Superalgebras

Let $\mathfrak g=\mathfrak g_{\bar 0}\oplus \mathfrak g_{\bar 1}$ be a classical Lie superalgebra and $\mathcal F$ be the category of finite-dimensional $\mathfrak g$ -supermodules which are semisimple over $\mathfrak g_{\bar 0}$ . In this paper we investigate the homological properties of the category $\mathcal F$ . In particular, we prove that $\mathcal F$ is self-injective in the sense that all projective supermodules are injective. We also show that all supermodules in $\mathcal F$ admit a projective resolution with polynomial rate of growth, and, hence, one can study complexity in ℱ. If $\mathfrak g$ is a type I Lie superalgebra, we introduce support varieties which detect projectivity and are related to the associated varieties of Duflo and Serganova. With this new approach, we prove that the conditions of being tilting or projective are equivalent for type I Lie superalgebras.
Profiling the Thermoelectric Power of Semiconductor Junctions with Nanometer Resolution

We have probed the local thermoelectric power of semiconductor nanostructures with the use of ultrahigh-vacuum scanning thermoelectric microscopy. When applied to a p-n junction, this method reveals that the thermoelectric power changes its sign abruptly within 2 nanometers across the junction. Because thermoelectric power correlates with electronic structure, we can profile with nanometer spatial resolution the thermoelectric power, band structures, and carrier concentrations of semiconductor junctions that constitute the building blocks of thermoelectric, electronic, and optoelectronic devices.
Membranes and three form supergravity

Abstract We discuss membranes in four-dimensional N = 1 superspace. The κ-invariance of the Green-Schwarz action implies that there is a dual version of N = 1 supergravity with a three-form potential. We formulate this new supergravity in terms of a three-form superfield in curved superspace, giving the relevant constraints on the field strength. The corresponding membrane soliton in the new supergravity is given and we discuss how the extended supersymmetry algebra emerges from the symmetries of the flat superspace background.
Sparse online low-rank projection and outlier rejection (SOLO) for 3-D rigid-body motion registration

Motivated by an emerging theory of robust low-rank matrix representation, in this paper, we introduce a novel solution for online rigid-body motion registration. The goal is to develop algorithmic techniques that enable a robust, real-time motion registration solution suitable for low-cost, portable 3-D camera devices. Assuming 3-D image features are tracked via a standard tracker, the algorithm first utilizes Robust PCA to initialize a low-rank shape representation of the rigid body. Robust PCA finds the global optimal solution of the initialization, while its complexity is comparable to singular value decomposition. In the online update stage, we propose a more efficient algorithm for sparse subspace projection to sequentially project new feature observations onto the shape subspace. The lightweight update stage guarantees the real-time performance of the solution while maintaining good registration even when the image sequence is contaminated by noise, gross data corruption, outlying features, and missing data. The state-of-the-art accuracy of the solution is validated through extensive simulation and a real-world experiment, while the system enjoys one to two orders of magnitude speed-up compared to wellestablished RANSAC solutions.
Sparse Recovery With Orthogonal Matching Pursuit Under RIP

This paper presents a new analysis for the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm. It is shown that if the restricted isometry property (RIP) is satisfied at sparsity level O(k), then OMP can stably recover a k-sparse signal in 2-norm under measurement noise. For compressed sensing applications, this result implies that in order to uniformly recover a k-sparse signal in Rd, only O(k lnd) random projections are needed. This analysis improves some earlier results on OMP depending on stronger conditions that can only be satisfied with Ω(k2 lnd) or Ω(k1.6 lnd) random projections.
Temperature dependent 5f-states in URu2Si2

Abstract A dramatic temperature-dependent enhancement of U 5f spectral weight at E F is observed in angle-resolved photoemission measurements of URu 2 Si 2 at the center of an X-point hole-pocket. Comparison of this temperature-dependent behavior for excitation both at and below the U 5d→5f resonant threshold is presented.
The Relative Performance of Head Start

In early 2010, the US Department of Health and Human Services released the findings from a large, experimental evaluation of the Head Start program. A common interpretation of the findings is that they show “small” effects, which has lead to, among other things, calls to improve the efficacy of Head Start. However, it is not clear that Head Start is performing worse than should be reasonably expected. To provide a frame of reference for evaluating the program, we compare the performance of Head Start childcare centers to the performance of non-Head Start childcare centers, the latter being the preferred childcare option of wealthier families. We find that, on average, Head Start centers perform similarly to non-Head Start centers. Our results suggest that expectations for the Head Start program may be too high.
Non-fuel uses of coals and synthesis of chemicals and materials

Abstract This paper provides an account of our analysis of future needs for non-fuel uses of fossil fuels, particularly coal, and a discussion of possible new routes for developing chemicals and materials from coal. An overview of energy supply and demand in the world and the existing non-fuel uses of fossil fuels in the US is given first. The amount of energy used for non-fuel purpose is small compared with the amount of energy consumed by end users. The non-fuel uses of fossil fuels—particularly coal—may become more important in the future. The demonstrated coal reserves in the world are enough for consumption for over 220 years at the 1992 level, while the oil reserves are only about 40 times the world's consumption level in 1992. Coal may become more important both as an energy source and as the source of chemical feedstocks in the 21st century. However, traditional non-fuel uses of coals (coke ovens and the coal tars) are diminishing rapidly. We will discuss possible new processes for making both bulk and specialty chemicals, polymers and carbon materials from coals and liquids from coal liquefaction. Specific examples will be provided from work in progress in our laboratory, including conversion of coals and coal liquids to specialty chemicals, polymer materials, activated carbons, graphitic carbons, and electrode materials.
On the radical of endomorphism rings of local modules

We study the construction and homological properties of modules whose rings of endomorphisms have a unique two-sided maximal ideal.
On half-line spectra for a class of non-self-adjoint Hill operators

In 1980, Gasymov showed that non-self-adjoint Hill operators with complex-valued periodic potentials of the type , with , have spectra [0, ∞). In this note, we provide an alternative and elementary proof of this result. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Challenges in navigation of the venus radar mapper (VRM) spacecraft

The subject of navigation of the Venus Radar Mapper (VRM) spacecraft is presented in the light of challenges to the accomplishment of a high accuracy in spacecraft navigation, within operational constraints, in support of quality science return (sensor performance) for the VRM mission. The paper addresses major navigational challenges arising from inherent mission constraints and describes current navigational plans as well as expected performance. The VRM mission will be the first mission to use radio interferometric data on a daily basis for spacecraft navigation. While the dependency on narrowband Delta-VLBI data for navigation accuracy has been shown in this paper, aspects of scheduling, transmission, correlation, and reliability of VLBI observations for VRM operational use remain complex. Implementation of such a system for successful VRM navigation will constitute a significant advance in application of VLBI technology.
Thermally induced bending vibrations of a flexible rolled-up solar array

An analytical approach for determining the thermal-structural response of a flexible rolled-up solar array due to a sudden increase in external heating is developed. Two analyses are presented: 1) an uncoupled thermal-structural analysis that assumes the heating and temperature gradients are not affected by thermally induced motions, and 2) a coupled thermal-structural analysis that includes the effects of structural deformations on heating and temperature gradients. The analytical methods identify key parameters for understanding the static and dynamic response. A stability criterion given in nondimensional parameters establishes the conditions for thermal flutter. Key parameters for thermal flutter include the ratio of thermal and structural response times, the solar inclination angle, and the system damping. Numerical calculations are presented for the solar arrays on the Hubble Space Telescope. Unstable oscillations are possible but are unlikely to have practical importance.
Spin Calogero–Moser systems associated with simple Lie algebras

Abstract We introduce spin Calogero–Moser systems associated with root systems of simple Lie algebras and give the associated Lax representations (with spectral parameter) and fundamental Poisson bracket relations. Our analysis is based on a group-theoretic framework similar in spirit to the standard classical r-matrix theory for constant r-matrices.
Energy-efficient mobile data transport via online multi-network packet scheduling

Abstract We explore a novel online packet scheduling model related to energy-efficiency in mobile data transport. This model incorporates multiple networks with non-persistent connectivities where we only know which networks are available in the current timestep. When a packet arrives, it specifies a deadline and, for each network, a value it is worth if sent over that network. Our goal is to maximize the total value of packets we send by their deadlines. To encourage energy-efficiency, our model requires that packets have larger values for more energy-efficient networks. We demonstrate low-constant-competitive algorithms for this problem and several restrictions. We also provide lower bounds which closely match our competitive ratios and, under some restrictions, are tight. Lastly, we investigate the improvements in performance possible by adding a layer of packet/WiFi prediction to our model.
Chiral metallocycles: rational synthesis and novel applications.

Chiralsupramolecular systems have attracted a great deal of interest from synthetic chemists over the past two decades because of their ability to mimic complex biological processes and their poten...
(UO2)2[UO4(trz)2](OH)2: A U(VI) Coordination Intermediate between a Tetraoxido Core and a Uranyl Ion with Cation–Cation Interactions

A uranyl triazole (UO2)2[UO4(trz)2](OH)2 (1) (trz = 1,2,4-triazole) was prepared using a mild solvothermal reaction of uranyl acetate with 1,2,4-triazole. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 1 revealed it contains sheets of uranium–oxygen polyhedra and that one of the U(VI) cations is in an unusual coordination polyhedron that is intermediate between a tetraoxido core and a uranyl ion. This U(VI) cation also forms cation–cation interactions (CCIs). Infrared, Raman, and XPS spectra are provided, together with a thermogravimetric analysis that demonstrates breakdown of the compound above 300 °C. The UV–vis–NIR spectrum of 1 is compared to those of another compound that has a range of U(VI) coordination enviromments.
Increases in Wealth among the Elderly in the Early 1990s: How Much is Due to Survey Design?

The Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD) study shows a large increase in reported total wealth between 1993 and 1995. Such an increase is not found in other U.S. household surveys around that period. This paper examines one source of this difference. We find that in AHEAD 1993 ownership rates of stocks, CDs, bonds, and checking and saving accounts were under-reported, resulting in under-measurement of wealth in 1993 and a substantial increase in wealth from 1993 to 1995. The explanation for the under-reporting is a combination of question sequence and wording in the AHEAD survey instrument.
Results of Hospital Cancer Registry Surveys by the American College of Surgeons. Outcomes of Prostate Cancer Treatment by Radical Prostatectomy

BACKGROUND The number of prostate cancer patients treated by radical prostatectomy has increased. Different data sources have yielded various estimates of the outcomes of this treatment and the need for additional therapy. To provide additional perspective on these issues, the American College of Surgeons conducted surveys of cancer registries and reviewed related data. METHODS In 1993, in the first phase of the study, hospital cancer registries and programs were sent survey forms and instructions requesting data on up to 5 patients treated by radical prostatectomy at their institutions in 1990. In 1996, in the second phase of the study, additional data were requested on treatment administered to the 1990 patients up to 5 years after surgery, and hospitals were also invited to submit new data on patients diagnosed in 1993. Responses were received from 482 hospitals concerning 2122 patients for 1990, and 265 hospitals provided data on 1304 patients diagnosed in 1993. Follow-up data on 1076 of the 1990 patients were provided by 258 hospitals. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were calculated to determine the probability of additional treatment after radical prostatectomy. RESULTS Similar surgical pathology outcomes were reported for the 1990 and 1993 patients. For 1990 and 1993, respectively, it was reported that 27.5% and 29.7% of patients maintained erectile function adequate for intercourse after surgery. For 1990 and 1993, respectively, complete control or only occasional urinary incontinence requiring no pads was reported for 81.3% and 79.8% of patients. The surgical mortality rates were less than 1% for both the 1990 and the 1993 patients. The 5-year cumulative probability of any additional treatment after radical prostatectomy was 10.5%. Seminal vesicle involvement, positive surgical margins, lymph node involvement, capsular penetration, high Gleason score, and high prostate specific antigen were significantly associated with greater probability of additional treatment. CONCLUSIONS Hospital cancer registries are valuable sources of data on patterns of care and outcome for prostate cancer patients. Continuing evaluation of the outcomes of prostate cancer treatments is needed to reconcile the differences in outcomes reported from different data sources. Cancer 1997; 80:1875-1881. © 1997 American Cancer Society.
Quantifying knowledge base inconsistency via fixpoint semantics

Inconsistency and its handling are very important in the real worldand in the fields of computer science and artificial intelligence. When dealingwith inconsistency in a knowledge base (KB), there is a whole host of deeperissues we need to contend with in order to develop rational and robust intelligentsystems. In this paper, we focus our attention on one of the issues in copingwith KB inconsistency: how to measure the information content and thesignificance of inconsistency in a KB. Our approach is based on a fixpoint semanticsfor KB. The approach reflects each inconsistent set of rules in the leastfixpoint of a KB and then measures the inconsistency in the context of the leastfixpoint for the KB. Compared with the existing results, our approach has someunique benefits.
Popular and/or prestigious? Measures of scholarly esteem

Citation analysis does not generally take the quality of citations into account: all citations are weighted equally irrespective of source. However, a scholar may be highly cited but not highly regarded: popularity and prestige are not identical measures of esteem. In this study we define popularity as the number of times an author is cited and prestige as the number of times an author is cited by highly cited papers. Information retrieval (IR) is the test field. We compare the 40 leading researchers in terms of their popularity and prestige over time. Some authors are ranked high on prestige but not on popularity, while others are ranked high on popularity but not on prestige. We also relate measures of popularity and prestige to date of Ph.D. award, number of key publications, organizational affiliation, receipt of prizes/honors, and gender.
Affine structures and a tableau model for E_6 crystals

Abstract We provide the unique affine crystal structure for type E 6 ( 1 ) Kirillov–Reshetikhin crystals corresponding to the multiples of fundamental weights s Λ 1 , s Λ 2 , and s Λ 6 for all s ⩾ 1 (in Bourbaki's labeling of the Dynkin nodes, where 2 is the adjoint node). Our methods introduce a generalized tableaux model for classical highest weight crystals of type E and use the order three automorphism of the affine E 6 ( 1 ) Dynkin diagram. In addition, we provide a conjecture for the affine crystal structure of type E 7 ( 1 ) Kirillov–Reshetikhin crystals corresponding to the adjoint node.
Ascending the Rostrum: Hannah Mather Crocker and Women’s Political Oratory

Although Hannah Mather Crocker (1752–1829) apparently presented a prescription against women’s political oratory in her Observations on the Real Rights of Women (1818), she provided philosophical and historical challenges to this conventional rule of early nineteenth-century feminine propriety elsewhere in the first American treatise on women’s rights. By analyzing new archival findings of two of her oratorical works from the early 1810s—her 1813 “Fast Sermon” against the War of 1812 and her 1814 “Address” to the advisory board of the School of Industry for poor girls in Boston’s North End—I argue that Crocker also provided a personal challenge to this conventional rule. In philosophically, historically, and personally redefining women’s political oratory as compatible with feminine propriety—during the postrevolutionary backlash against women’s rights—Crocker helped pave the way for the strategic use of the constitutional rights of speech and association in the nineteenth-century American women’s rights ...
Local Convective Heat Transfer From a Heated Surface to a Planar Jet of Water With a Nonuniform Velocity Profile

Experiments have been conducted on a planer, free surface jet of water to investigate the effects of a nonuniform velocity profile on the local convection coefficient for a uniform heat flux surface. Heat transfer coefficient distributions were measured for heat fluxes ranging from 0.24 to 1.47 MW/m{sup 2}and for Reynolds numbers (based on the average nozzle velocity and nozzle width) from 15,000 to 54,000. This range of flow conditions yielded turbulent velocity profiles similar to those of channel flow. Results have been obtained for both single-phase convection and nucleate boiling. Relative to results for a uniform velocity profile, the nonuniform profile was found to enhance heat transfer significantly. However, enhancement is attributed primarily to increased levels of turbulence and only secondarily to changes in the velocity profile.
Scheduling multiple part-types in an unreliable single-machine manufacturing system

Quadratic approximations to the differential cost-to-go function, which yield linear switching curves, have been extensively studied in the literature. In this paper, we provide solutions to the partial differential equations associated with the components of the steady-state probability density function of the buffer levels for two part-type, single-machine flexible manufacturing systems under a linear switching curve (LSC) policy. When there are more than two part-types, we derive the probability density function, under a prioritized hedging point (PHP) policy by decomposing the multiple part-type problem into a sequence of two part-type problems. The analytic expression for the steady-state probability density function is independent of the cost function. Therefore, for average cost functions, we can compute the optimal PHP policy or the more general optimal LSC policy for two part-type problems.
Stresses generated in cooling viscoelastic ice shells: Application to Europa

[1] A cooling viscoelastic ice shell overlying an ocean develops stresses due to two effects: thermal contraction of the ice due to cooling and the expansion of the shell due to the ice-water volume change. The former effect generates near-surface compression and deeper extension; the second effect generates extension only. In both cases, stresses are smaller at depth due to viscous creep. The resulting combined stresses are extensional except at shallow (<1 km) depths in thin ice shells. For ice shells thicker than 45 km, stresses are extensional throughout. The extensional stresses exceed 10 MPa for shells thicker than 20 km and thus dominate all other likely sources of stress as long as shell cooling occurs. The dominantly extensional nature of the stresses may help to explain the puzzling lack of compression observed on Europa and other large icy satellites. However, after 100 Myr of conductive cooling the maximum theoretical elastic strains for Europa are ∼0.35%, which are probably insufficient to explain the total amount of observed extension.
Markov chains in smooth Banach spaces and Gromov-hyperbolic metric spaces

A metric space X has Markov type 2, if for any reversible finite-state Markov chain {Zt} (with Z0 chosen according to the stationary distribution) and any map f from the state space to X, the distance Dt from f(Z0) to f(Zt) satisfies E(D 2 ) ≤ K 2 t E(D 2) for some K = K(X) 2) has Markov type 2; this proves a conjecture of Ball. We also show that trees, hyperbolic groups and simply connected Riemannian manifolds of pinched negative curvature have Markov type 2. Our results are applied to settle several conjectures on Lipschitz extensions and embeddings. In particular, we answer a question posed by Johnson and Lindenstrauss in 1982, by showing that for 1 < q < 2 < p < ∞, any Lipschitz mapping from a subset of Lp to Lq has a Lipschitz extension defined on all of Lp.
Pioneer Anomaly and the Helicity-Rotation Coupling

The modification of the Doppler effect due to the coupling of the helicity of the radiation with the rotation of the source/receiver is considered in the case of the Pioneer 10/11 spacecraft. We explain why the Pioneer anomaly is not influenced by the helicity-rotation coupling.
Nonequilibrium magma degassing: Results from modeling of the ca. 1340 A.D. eruption of Mono Craters, California

We present results from a numerical conduit model of nonequilibrium magma degassing. We show that CO2/H2O concentration ratios in pyroclastic obsidian from the ca. 1340 A.D. Mono Craters eruption may record nonequilibrium degassing during magma ascent. Our results also indicate that permeability-controlled, open-system gas loss is consistent with obsidian formation and promotes nonequilibrium degassing at shallow depths. Because of the low diffusivity of CO2 relative to H2O, we find that CO2 concentrations can remain above equilibrium during magma ascent. To reproduce Mono Craters volatile concentrations, our model does not require volatile supersaturation, or an exsolved gas phase, prior to magma eruption. We estimate magmatic volatile contents of approximately 400 ppm CO2 and 4.6 wt.% H2O. However, nonequilibrium is contingent upon low rates of bubble nucleation to shallow depths, so that average bubble number densities are of order 10 11 m -3 during most of the magma ascent. If bubble number densities during ascent of the Mono Craters magma were greater than 1011 m � 3 ,
The hydromorphology of an urbanizing watershed using multivariate elasticity

A wide range of environmental damages have been linked to the urbanization of watersheds. While much is known about the impacts of urbanization on floods, there remains considerable uncertainty regarding the impact on average and low flows. We introduce a generalized multivariate approach for exploring hydromorphological problems that involves estimation of the multivariate sensitivity (or elasticity) of streamflow to simultaneous changes in climate, land use, and water use. Key advantages of this multivariate sensitivity method are that it does not require model assumptions in the vicinity of the mean, yet it provides confidence intervals and hypothesis tests for the resulting elasticities. A case study highlights the influence of urbanization on the complete range of streamflow. Surprisingly, low streamflows are found to have large positive sensitivity to changes in land use, which departs from the results of several previous studies. Overall, the study demonstrates that changes in climate, land use, and water use must be considered simultaneously to fully understand the hydromorphology of a watershed.
A robust random number generator based on a differential current-mode chaos

This paper demonstrates a differential current-mode chaos-based circuit used to generate random number sequences, which was implemented on 90 nm CMOS-SOI technology. The proposed design implements an improved and robust chaotic map, and diminishes non-idealities such as asymmetry, offset. Randomness tests were conducted and show the advantages of the differential chaos circuit.
Always Moving Toward Justice

This review-essay discovers in the poems of E. San Juan, Jr. an evolving and passionate engagement with exile and hope. To be an exile, especially a Filipino exile, is not to be a tourist, idly consuming and colonizing, but to absorb languages and histories that console and inspire. Drawn from the lessons of decades of exile, the poems and the concluding essay confront injustice—the ways, for instance, in which oppressors colonize even time and space—and also envision a future when revolution replaces rootlessness, when migrants come home.
LIQUIDITY PROVISION AND BANKING CRISES WITH HETEROGENEOUS AGENTS

Incentive compatibility constraints that produce contracts where short-term funds choose not to deposit will prevent banking crises, but at the cost of losing the insurance function of banks. Restricting short-term deposits may not be optimal at all times, since the cost of doing so may be greater than the expected loss in allowing crises to occur with positive probability.
A variational principle based study of KPP minimal front speeds in random shears

The variational principle for Kolmogorov–Petrovsky–Piskunov (KPP) minimal front speeds provides an efficient tool for statistical speed analysis, as well as a fast and accurate method for speed computation. A variational principle based analysis is carried out on the ensemble of KPP speeds through spatially stationary random shear flows inside infinite channel domains. In the regime of small root mean square (rms) shear amplitude, the enhancement of the ensemble averaged KPP front speeds is proved to obey the quadratic law under certain shear moment conditions. Similarly, in the large rms amplitude regime, the enhancement follows the linear law. In particular, both laws hold for the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (O–U) process in the case of two-dimensional channels. An asymptotic ensemble averaged speed formula is derived in the small rms regime and is explicit in the case of the O–U process of the shear. The variational principle based computation agrees with these analytical findings, and allows further study of the speed enhancement distributions as well as the dependence of the enhancement on the shear covariance. Direct simulations in the small rms regime suggest a quadratic speed enhancement law for non-KPP nonlinearities.
Nonzero degree tangential maps between dual symmetric spaces

We construct a tangential map from a locally symmetric space of noncompact type to its dual compact type twin. By comparing the induced map in cohomology to a map defined by Matsushima, we conclude that in the equal rank case the map has a nonzero degree. AMS Classification 53C35 ; 57T15, 55R37, 57R99
Using tactile data for real-time feedback

Object recognition through the use of input from multiple sensors is an important aspect of an autonomous manipulation system. In tactile object recognition, it is necessary to determine the location and orientation of object edges and surfaces. In this paper, we describe a controller that utilizes a Lord LTS 210 tactile sensor in the feedback loop of a manipulator to track edges in real-time. In our control system the data from the tactile sensor is processed in two stages to determine the location of edges. The parameters of these edges are then used to generate a control signal to drive the manipulator. The edge tracker has been implemented on the CMU Direct Drive Arm Il system. We describe both theory and experimental implementation of tactile edge detection and an edge tracking controller.
Effective field theory for halo nuclei: shallow p-wave states

Halo nuclei are a promising new arena for studies based on effective field theory (EFT). We develop an EFT for shallow p-wave states and discuss the application to elastic nα scattering. In contrast to the s-wave case, both the scattering length and effective range enter at leading order. We also discuss the prospects of using EFT in the description of other halos, such as the three-body halo nucleus 6 He.  2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
On the Caccetta-Haggkvist Conjecture with Forbidden Subgraphs

The Caccetta-Haggkvist conjecture made in 1978 asserts that ev- ery orgraph on n vertices without oriented cycles of length ≤ l must contain a vertex of outdegree at most n−1 l . It has a rather elaborate set of (conjectured) extremal congurations. In this paper we consider the case l = 3 that received quite a signicant attention in the literature. We identify three orgraphs on four vertices that are missing as an induced subgraph in all known extremal examples and prove the Caccetta-Haggkvist conjecture for orgraphs missing as induced subgraphs any of these orgraphs, along with C3. Using a standard trick, we can also lift the restriction of being induced, although this makes graphs in our list slightly more complicated.
Envy and jealousy.

Clinical study of envy and jealousy in the psychotherapy situation indicates that these two states of mind are biopsychosocial response patterns involving the perceptual, cognitive, affective, and intentional mental functions. These response patterns are evoked by perceptual events that inform the individual of one's relative position vis-a-vis the requirements of one's life. Once these patterns can be discerned in the patient, the clinician is able to bear things in the psychotherapy situation not previously heard and understand, interpret, and work through conflict in a new and useful way. In this paper psychotherapy paradigms and strategies are discussed from the new perspective afforded by the psychology of envy and jealousy.
Synthesis of Indoles via 6π-Electrocyclic Ring Closures of Trienecarbamates

A new method for the preparation of indoles from readily available α-haloenones and α-(trialkylstannyl)enecarbamates is described. Following a Stille coupling, trienecarbamate 2 is electronically activated to undergo a facile 6π-electrocyclic ring closure and subsequent oxidation to afford protected aniline 4. Upon deprotection and reductive amination, acid 5 underwent clean cyclization to N-acetylindole 6 (Ac2O, NEt3, 130 °C). This method has been used to construct a variety of substituted indoles that are not easily prepared by conventional indole annelation methods.
Acoustic differential delay and Doppler tracking system for long range AUV positioning and guidance

An acoustic positioning and guidance technique, based upon differential delay and Doppler tracking system, is proposed for long distance 2D navigation and path planning on board autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). This system is also easily extendable to short distance 3D positioning and guidance with the use of a bottom echo sounder on board the AUV. For positioning purpose, the system uses a single low-cost omnidirectional hydrophone mounted on the AUV, and is associated to an external (fixed or towed) dual frequency transmitting subsystem. This technique can be viewed as a combined version of the classical long base (delay) and short base (phase) trajectography. For path planning and AUV guidance, the predicted mute is described as a sequence of iso-differential delay and/or iso-differential Doppler segments. >
Peer Effects and Alcohol Use among College Students

This paper examines a natural experiment in which students at a large state university were randomly assigned roommates through a lottery system. We find that on average, males assigned to roommates who reported drinking in the year prior to entering college had one quarter-point lower GPA than those assigned to non-drinking roommates. The 10th percentile of their college GPA is half a point lower than among males assigned non-drinking roommates. For males who themselves drank frequently prior to college, assignment to a roommate who drank frequently prior to college reduces GPA by two-thirds of a point. Since students who drink frequently are particularly influenced by frequent-drinking roommates, substance-free housing programs could potentially lower average GPA by segregating drinkers. The effect of initial assignment to a drinking roommate persists and possibly even grows over time. In contrast, students' college GPA is not influenced by roommates' high school grades, admission test scores, or family background. Females' GPAs are not affected by roommates' drinking prior to college. Overall, these findings are more consistent with models in which peers change preferences than models in which they change endowments.
On a remarkable similarity between the propagation of whistlers and the bow wave of a ship

It is well known that lightning-generated whistlers propagate along the Earth's magnetic field lines within a cone that at low frequencies makes an angle of 19°28′ with respect to the local magnetic field. This angle turns out to be exactly the same as the half-angle of the bow wave of a ship in deep water. Both problems are complicated by the fact that the wave propagation is dispersive. In this paper we show that these two seemingly unrelated problems can be understood using the same basic approach, which is to analyze the direction of the group velocity as a function of the wave normal angle. This approach may have applications to other problems of geophysical interest, such as the bow wave generated by the interaction of a large object with a moving plasma.
Interception of quorum sensing in Staphylococcus aureus: a new niche for peptidomimetics

Pathogenesis in Staphylococcus aureus is dependent on local cell density and is regulated in part by small macrocyclic peptides. Natural and artificial peptide inhibitors of this quorum sensing response have been synthesized and evaluated in structure–activity relationship studies. These investigations have illuminated the quorum sensing mechanism and set the stage for the design of biostable, peptidomimetic inhibitors that could be developed ultimately as therapeutics.
Current Assessment of Endovascular Therapy for Infrainguinal Arterial Occlusive Disease in Patients with Diabetes

Endovascular therapy (EVT) has increasingly become the initial clinical option for treatment of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD), not only for patients with claudication, but also for those with critical limb ischemia. Despite this major clinical practice paradigm shift, the outcomes of EVT for PAD are difficult to evaluate and compare with established surgical benchmarks because of the lack of prospective, randomized trials, incomplete characterization of indications for intervention, mixing of arterial segments and extent of disease treated, the multiplicity of EVT techniques used, the exclusion of early treatment failures, crossover to open bypass during follow-up, and the frequent lack of intermediate and long-term patency and limb salvage rates in life-table format. These data limitations are especially problematic when one tries to assess the outcome of EVT in patients with diabetes. The purpose of the present report is to succinctly review and objectively analyze available data regarding the results of EVT in patients with diabetes.
Submodular functions, matroids, and certain polyhedra

The viewpoint of the subject of matroids, and related areas of lattice theory, has always been, in one way or another, abstraction of algebraic dependence or, equivalently, abstraction of the incidence relations in geometric representations of algebra. Often one of the main derived facts is that all bases have the same cardinality. (See Van der Waerden, Section 33.)
On polarization estimation using a crossed-dipole array

Studies three polarization estimation techniques with a uniform linear array of crossed dipoles. All three techniques may be used to compute the polarization estimates of impinging narrow-band electromagnetic plane waves. Numerical results are presented to compare the performance of the estimators. The numerical results are also used to compare the Monte Carlo simulation results with those obtained through theoretical analysis at high signal-to-noise ratio. >
Hybrid wavelet packet analysis

Performance of any transform in a particular application is highly dependent on the basis functions chosen. The choice of quadrature mirror filters (QMF) used in a wavelet packet analysis should be taken into consideration in a compression scheme. The choice of appropriate QMF is not only signal dependent, but scale dependent within a given signal. A generalization, known as hybrid wavelet packet analysis, which includes the choice of optimal QMF at each level of decomposition is explored. Computational results show that optimized hybrid wavelet packet bases provide better compression for a class of signals and indicate methods to develop search strategies to find these optimal bases.
Modelling a fuzzy time system

The author gives an analysis of the fuzzy time covert channel reduction technique developed at the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) and applied to the VAX security kernel for both a single computer system and a network of hosts. Specifically, he investigates covert channels in a model of a fuzzy time system and in a network model of n fuzzy time hosts and one nonfuzzy time host. The fuzzy time operating system model predicts a covert channel with a datarate of roughly 50 b/s, given a mean time between upticks of 20 ms as in the VAX security kernel. Several countermeasures including scheduler redesign are suggested, which will close or reduce the channels that are analyzed. >
Winter warming in West Antarctica caused by central tropical Pacific warming

The Pacific sector of Antarctica has experienced substantial warming in the past 30 years. Observations of global surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation data show that the warming in continental West Antarctica is linked to sea surface temperature changes in the tropical Pacific Ocean.
A Restriction for Singularities on Collapsing Orbifolds

Every point 𝑝 in an orbifold 𝑋 has a neighborhood that is homeomorphic to 𝐺𝑝⧵𝐵𝑟(0), where 𝐺𝑝 is a finite group acting on 𝐵𝑟(0)⊂ℝ𝑛, so that 𝐺𝑝(0)=0. Assume 𝑋 is a Riemannian orbifold with isolated singularities that is collapsing, that is, 𝑋 admits a sequence of metrics 𝑔𝑖 with uniformly bounded curvature, so that, for any 𝑥∈𝑋, the volume of 𝐵1(𝑥), with respect to the metric 𝑔𝑖, goes to 0 as 𝑖→∞. For such 𝑋, we prove that |𝐺𝑝|≤(2𝜋/0.47)𝑛(𝑛−1) for all singularities 𝑝∈𝑋.
Relative randomness and real closed fields

We show that for any real number, the class of real numbers less random than it, in the sense of rK-reducibility, forms a countable real closed subfield of the real ordered field. This generalizes the well-known fact that the computable reals form a real closed field. With the same technique we show that the class of differences of computably enumerable reals (d.c.e. reals) and the class of computably approximable reals (c.a. reals) form real closed fields. The d.c.e. result was also proved nearly simultaneously and independently by Ng (Keng Meng Ng, Master's Thesis, National University of Singapore, in preparation). Lastly, we show that the class of d.c.e. reals is properly contained in the class or reals less random than ω (the halting probability), which in turn is properly contained in the class of c.a. reals, and that neither the first nor last class is a randomness class (as captured by rK-reducibility).
Stellar Occultation Studies of the Solar System

Earth-based observations of stellar occultations provide extremely high spatial resolution for bodies in the outer solar system, about 10,000 times better than that of traditional imaging observations. Stellar occultation data can be used to establish the structure of atmospheres and rings of solar system bodies at high spatial resolution. Airborne occultation observations are particularly effective, since the controlled mobility of the observing platform allows the observer to fly within the optimum part of the occultation shadow for most events that are visible from Earth. Airborne observations are carried out above any clouds and are nearly free of scintillation noise from the Earth's atmosphere. KAO occultation observations resulted in the first detection of gravity waves in the Martian atmosphere, discovery of the Uranian rings, the first detection of Pluto's atmosphere, the first Earth-based investigations of Triton's atmosphere, and the discovery of narrow jets from Chiron's nucleus. The first SOFIA occultation opportunity will be an investigation of Pluto's atmospheric structure in November, 2002, and will resolve a problem that has lingered since the KAO discovery observation fourteen years earlier. We plan to continue our successful airborne occultation program with the greatly enhanced capability provided by SOFIA. We propose here to replace our KAO occultation photometer with one having twice the throughput, half the noise, a somewhat wider wavelength range, four times the field of view, and ten times the frame rate to optimize its performance and to capitalize on the larger collecting area offered by SOFIA. It will also allow for simultaneous visible and IR occultation observations, greatly enriching the results that we can obtain from occultations. We call this new imaging occultation photometer HOPI (High-speed Occultation Photometer and Imager). HOPI will provide a signal-to-noise ratio two to four times that of our present photometer for a given event, will permit useful observations of the more numerous events involving fainter stars, and will allow higher time resolution observations to be made. HOPI's characteristics also make it an ideal instrument for initial and ongoing evaluations of the SOFIA telescope's performance.
TROPHIC PORTFOLIOS IN MARINE FISHERIES: A STEP TOWARDS ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT

Marine ecologists warn that humans are “fishing down marine food webs.” To explore the economic implications of this phenomenon, this paper applies portfolio theory to aggregate fisheries data. It poses two definitions of a sustainable mean-variance catch frontier. It computes a mean-variance frontier for catch using UNFAO historical fisheries data. Finally, the paper discusses the historical trend in inefficiency.