cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Fiber Pull-Out Based Model for Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams under a Flexural Load

This work is intended to be a simple contribution to building a model able to implement theoretical results related to the random oriented fiber reinforced concrete in a procedure that could be used in structures analysis and design involving fiber reinforced elements. Here follows a short outline: In the introduction chapter the problem is presented together the work done. Section 2 develops some ancillary concepts of this material and its mechanical properties, while in Section 3, following the path of other researchers, the assumptions made to solve the problem are presented, together with the most relevant results related to presence of 3D randomly oriented fiber. In the following section a review of the mechanical process of fiber pull-out is done, and the results, mostly due to Victor Li researches, of a 3D randomly oriented synthetic fiber stress vs crack opening in a pull-out process from a cement matrix. In Section 5 the author, after making some assumptions about the configuration of the strain and crack geometry in the cross section where failure is assume to occur under flexural bending moment, the resultant stress is integrated to find the resultant internal moment vs increasing strain and crack width. In this analysis, the crack bridging law for synthetic fiber in FRC presented in the previous section is taken into account. In Section 6, a procedure to find a cross section configuration in equilibrium under external bending moment has been built. Under the assumption of a perfectly plastic collapse mechanism a numerical simulation is conducted on a specimen that undergoes a four-point bending test. A comparison with the trend of a similar test on a synthetic FRC sample has been done. The work is completed by the conclusions that could be inferred from this work.
Surgical Palliation for Pancreatic Malignancy: Practice Patterns and Predictors of Morbidity and Mortality

Most patients with pancreatic cancer present with, or develop, biliary or duodenal obstruction. We sought to characterize palliative surgery utilization in a contemporary cohort and identify patients at high risk of morbidity and mortality. The ACS NSQIP database (2005–2011) was queried for patients with a pancreatic malignancy undergoing gastrojejunostomy, biliary bypass, or laparotomy without resection. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression identified factors associated with increased risk of 30-day morbidity or mortality. Operations for the 1,126 patients undergoing palliative bypass were gastrojejunostomy alone (33 %), bile duct bypass alone (27 %), both (31 %), or cholecystojejunostomy (9 %). A major complication occurred in 20 % and mortality in 6.5 % at 30 days. Risk factors for morbidity and mortality were defined in multivariate models. The number of identified risk factors stratified morbidity from 14.8–50 % and mortality from 1.6–50 % (p < 0.0001 for each). Laparotomy alone (n = 622) was associated with lower morbidity than bypass (12 vs. 20 %, p < 0.0001), but equivalent mortality (5 vs. 6.5 %, p = 0.21). Palliative bypass for pancreatic cancer is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. In select patients, this risk may be prohibitive. Patient selection reflecting predictors of morbidity and mortality may allow for improved outcomes.
Stable isotopic ratios of lead in surface waters of the Central Pacific

The geographic variation in the isotopic composition of lead in surface waters of the central Pacific provides new evidence of the global anthropogenic perturbation of the element's cycle. Ratios of ^(206)Pb/^(207)Pb decrease from 1.196 in the northern hemisphere (19°N, 158°W) to 1.176 in the southern hemisphere (15°S, 150°W). This decrease parallels the geographic variation in surface concentrations of soluble lead which decrease from 13 ng kg^(−1) at the northern station to 4 ng kg^(−1) at the southern station. Both the ^(206)Pb/^(207)Pb and the 206Pb/208Pb ratios of those waters fit between the isotopic ratios of Australian (Broken Hill) and North American (Mississippi Valley) leads which are the predominant sources of leads in anthropogenic emissions to the Pacific Ocean basin.
Authoring identity amidst the treacherous terrain of science: A multiracial feminist examination of the journeys of three women of color in science

The study of the identity processes of women of color in science-based fields helps us (a) find ways to support similar women, and (b) study the dynamics of inequity, within and beyond science. Participants in this study (a Black woman, a Latina, and an American Indian woman) survived inadequate high schools and discouraging college science departments to win formal recognition (fellowships, publications). Using multiracial feminist theory, including intersectionality, and practice theory, we conceptualize authoring of identity as an ongoing process. Qualitative methods were designed around Black feminist precepts of caring and personal accountability, the use of concrete experience and of dialogue (Collins, 2000a). Participants' opportunities to author legitimate science identities were constrained by their location in the matrix of oppression. They reported conflicts between their identities as women of color and as credible science students, and having racist, sexist identities ascribed to them. All became more adept at fending off negative ascription and all found settings with less identity conflict; their ability to read a situation and quickly adjust, la facultad (Anzaldua, 1999) helped them survive. But the fact that they have needed to do this is unjust.
Search for Highly Efficient, Stereoselective, and Practical Synthesis of Complex Organic Compounds of Medicinal Importance as Exemplified by the Synthesis of the C21 ? C37 Fragment of Amphotericin B

As the ability of the synthetic community to assemble a wide variety of highly complex natural products and related compounds of biological and medicinal importance increases, what is becoming increasingly desirable is to develop “ultimately” satisfactory and potentially practical multi-step syntheses. Since linear reaction series of 20, 25, and 30 steps of 90% yield each lead to overall yields of only 12, 7, and 4%, respectively, it would appear desirable to limit the maximum number of steps in the longest linear sequence of any practical synthesis preferably to 20–25 or 30 even in some extreme cases. If the yield of each step is reduced to 80%, the overall yields of 12, 7, and 4% quoted above will be reduced to 1.2, 0.4, and 0.1%, respectively. If one considers the synthesis of amphotericin B (1) vis-a-vis the numbers of steps quoted above, it would seem desirable to synthesize the C21–C37 fragment (2) in 15 steps or less from readily available starting compounds in a practically desirable combined yield of ≥20%. Amphotericin B (1), a polyene antibiotic of considerable medicinal significance produced by Streptomyces nodosus,[1] a filamentous bacterium, embodies an architecturally interesting 38-membered macrocyclic skeleton containing eleven oxygenated and four carbon-branched asymmetric carbon centers as well as seven conjugated (E)-disubstituted C=C bonds in addition to one carboxylic group and one bridging hemiacetal.[2,3] Despite many attempts, the total synthesis of amphotericin B (1) has been achieved only once by Nicolaou and his coworkers,[3f] while the group of Masamune[4] has been the only other group that has reached the aglycone of 1, i.e., amphoteronolide. The C33–C37 fragment has been successfully synthesized by Masamune,[4a] McGarvey,[5] Nicolaou,[3d] and Kinoshita.[6] In 2001, the synthesis of a C33–C37 fragment (3d) was shortened to 14 steps by Carreira.[7] Noteworthy, however, is a report in 1982 by Brooks and Kellogg[8] of the synthesis of a C33–C37 fragment (3c) in 9 steps in 17% overall yield, despite a disappointingly low diastereomeric ratio (d.r. hereafter) 2.5/1 in the critical aldol reaction of an enoxyborane. Herein we report that (i) a highly efficient synthesis of a C32–C37 fragment (7) of ≥98% isomeric purity was achieved from ethyl (S)-3-hydroxybutyrate by application of Brown crotylboration[9] and Frater-Seebach alkylation,[10] (ii) highly selective and efficient syntheses of C21–C32 oligoene fragment of amphotericin B through appropriate uses of Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction[11] (HWE reaction hereafter), alkyne hydrozirconation,[12] Pd-catalyzed Negishi coupling,[13] and Heck reaction[14] were discussed, (iii) the C21–C37 fragment (2) of amphotericin B was constructed in a highly concise and efficient strategy, which exemplify the high competence of delicate design of organic synthesis toward optimized synthesis of complex natural products.
DATABASE SEARCHING USING MASS SPECTROMETRY DATA

Large-scale DNA sequencing is creating a sequence infrastructure of great benefit to protein biochemistry. Concurrent with the application of large-scale DNA sequencing to whole genome analysis, mass spectrometry has attained the capability to rapidly, and with remarkable sensitivity, determine weights and amino acid sequences of peptides. Computer algorithms have been developed to use the two different types of data generated by mass spectrometers to search sequence databases. When a protein is digested with a site-specific protease, the molecular weights of the resulting collection of peptides, the mass map or fingerprint, can be determined using mass spectrometry. The molecular weights of the set of peptides derived from the digestion of a protein can then be used to identify the protein. Several different approaches have been developed. Protein identification using peptide mass mapping is an effective technique when studying organisms with completed genomes. A second method is based on the use of data created by tandem mass spectrometers. Tandem mass spectra contain highly specific information in the fragmentation pattern as well as sequence information. This information has been used to search databases of translated protein sequences as well as nucleotide databases such as expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences. The ability to search nucleotide databases is an advantage when analyzing data obtained from organisms whose genomes are not yet completed, but a large amount of expressed gene sequence is available (e.g., human and mouse). Furthermore, a strength of using tandem mass spectra to search databases is the ability to identify proteins present in fairly complex mixtures.
Daptomycin: a lipopeptide antibiotic for the treatment of serious Gram-positive infections

Infections caused by drug-resistant pathogens are on the rise. Daptomycin, a cyclic lipopeptide with activity against most Gram-positive pathogens, including vancomycin-resistant enterococci and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, is a newly US-FDA approved antimicrobial for complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSI). Daptomycin has a unique mechanism of action that results in destruction of the membrane potential. The rapid bactericidal activity of daptomycin makes it an attractive antibiotic for serious Gram-positive infections.
Calvin Coolidge's Tragic Presidency: the Political Effects of Bereavement and Depression

Biographers commonly describe Calvin Coolidge as having had a sound, comfortable, supportive upbringing. Fuess writes, for example, that Coolidge's early life was “simple, wholesome and unfurtive.” White and McCoy point out that the Coolidges were “aristocrats” and that Calvin was “a young prince” who was “brought up in as much luxury as could be expected in Plymouth township.”. However, a close analysis suggests strongly that the childhood years of Calvin Coolidge were marked by great sadness and dislocation. He was an extraordinarily shy boy who had few friends and often was lonely. His father, John Coolidge, was frequently absent from the household, either because of his service in the Vermont state legislature or his various business activities. As Lynch and Kilmartin point out, a father who is physically or emotionally missing from his son's life leaves scars on the boy's psychological development.
Map coloring and the vector cross product

Abstract The Four Color Theorem is equivalent to a combinatorial problem about the three-dimensional vector cross product algebra.
Effects of temperature and elemental concentration on the chemical composition of juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens) otoliths

Otolith microchemistry studies assume that a relationship exists between the concentration of trace elements in the environment and otolith chemical composition. Although this assumption has been tested using marine and estuarine fish in controlled laboratory experiments, the relationships among temperature, ambient elemental concentration, and otolith chemical composition for freshwater species is not well documented. Here, juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were reared under different concentrations of four elements (Ba, Mg, Mn, and Sr) crossed with three temperatures (10 °C, 15 °C, and 20 °C) to determine the interactive influence of ambient elemental concentrations and temperature on otolith chemical composition. Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca were significantly related to ambient elemental concentrations, but Mg:Ca and Mn:Ca were not. Although the relative influence of temperature was less than that of ambient elemental concentrations, Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca, and Mn:Ca were all influenced by either water temperature or...
Mineralogic and Textural Analyses of Drill Cuttings from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) Boreholes: Initial Interpretations of Fault Zone Composition and Constraints on Geologic Models

We examine drill cuttings from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) boreholes to determine the lithol- ogy and deformational textures in the fault zones and host rocks. Cutting samples repre- sent the lithologies from 1.7-km map distance and 3.2-km vertical depth adjacent to the San Andreas Fault. We analyzed two hun- dred and sixty-six grain-mount thin-sections at an average of 30-m-cuttings sample spac- ing from the vertical 2.2-km-deep Pilot Hole and the 3.99-km-long Main Hole. We iden- tify Quaternary and Tertiary(?) sedimen- tary rocks in the upper 700 m of the holes; granitic rocks from 760-1920 m measured depth; arkosic and lithic arenites, interbed- ded with siltstone sequences, from 1920 to ~3150 m measured depth; and interbed- ded siltstones, mudstones, and shales from 3150 m to 3987 m measured depth. We also infer the presence of at least fi ve fault zones, which include regions of damage zone and fault core on the basis of percent of cata- clasite abundances, presence of deformed grains, and presence of alteration phases at 1050, 1600-2000, 2200-2500, 2700-3000, 3050-3350, and 3500 m measured depth in the Main Hole. These zones are correlated with borehole geophysical signatures that are consistent with the presence of faults. If the deeper zones of cataclasite and alteration intensity connect to the surface trace of the San Andreas Fault, then this fault zone dips 80-85° southwest, and consists of multiple slip surfaces in a damage zone ~250-300 m thick. This interpretation is supported by borehole geophysical studies, which show this area is a region of low seismic velocities, reduced resistivity, and variable porosity.
Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8)/betatrophin overexpression does not increase beta cell proliferation in mice

Aims/hypothesis The identification of novel targets that stimulate endogenous regeneration of beta cells would represent a significant advance in the treatment of patients with diabetes. The betatrophin hypothesis suggests that increased expression of angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) induces dramatic and specific beta cell proliferation and subsequent beta cell mass expansion with improved glucose tolerance. In light of recent controversy, we further investigated the effects of ANGPTL8 overexpression on beta cell proliferation.
Solubility of Ca6[Al(OH)6]2(CrO4)3·26H2O, the chromate analog of ettringite; 5–75°C

Abstract Ca 6 [Al(OH) 6 ] 2 (CrO 4 ) 3 ·26H 2 O, the chromate analog of the sulfate mineral ettringite, was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and bulk chemical analyses. The solubility of the synthesized solid was measured in a series of dissolution and precipitation experiments conducted at 5–75°C and at initial pH values between 10.5 and 12.5. The ion activity product (IAP) for the reaction Ca 6 [Al(OH) 6 ] 2 (CrO 4 ) 3 ·26H 2 O⇌6Ca 2+ +2Al(OH) − 4 +3CrO 2− 4 +4OH − +26H 2 O varies with pH unless a CaCrO 4(aq) complex is included in the speciation model. The log K for the formation of this complex by the reaction Ca 2+ +CrO 2− 4 =CaCrO 4(aq) was obtained by minimizing the variance in the IAP for Ca 6 [Al(OH) 6 ] 2 (CrO 4 ) 3 ·26H 2 O. There is no significant trend in the formation constant with temperature and the average log K is 2.77±0.16 over the temperature range 5–75°C. The log solubility product (log K SP ) of Ca 6 [Al(OH) 6 ] 2 (CrO 4 ) 3 ·26H 2 O at 25°C is −41.46±0.30. The temperature dependence of the log K SP is log K SP = A − B / T + D log( T ) where A =498.94±48.99, B =27,499±2257, and D =−181.11±16.74. The values of Δ G 0 r ,298 and Δ H 0 r ,298 for the dissolution reaction are 236.6±3.9 and 77.5±2.4 kJ mol −1 . the values of Δ C 0 P,r,298 and Δ S 0 r,298 are −1506±140 and −534±83 J mol −1 K −1 . Using these values and published standard state partial molal quantities for constituent ions, Δ G 0 f ,298 =−15,131±19 kJ mol −1 , Δ H 0 f ,298 =−17,330±8.6 kJ mol −1 , Δ S 0 298 =2.19±0.10 kJ mol −1 K −1 , and Δ C 0 P f ,298 =2.12±0.53 kJ mol −1 K −1 , were calculated.
Efficient Support of Location Transparency in Concurrent Object-Oriented Programming Languages

We describe the design of a runtime system for a fine-grained concurrent object-oriented (actor) language and its performance. The runtime system provides considerable flexibility to users; specifically, it supports location transparency, actor creation and dynamic placement, and migration. The runtime system includes an efficient distributed name server, a latency hiding scheme for remote actor creation, and a compiler-controlled intra-node scheduling mechanism for local messages and dynamic load balancing. Our preliminary evaluation results suggest that the efficiency that is lost by the greater flexibility of actors can be restored by an efficient runtime system which provides an open interface that can be used by a compiler to allow optimizations. On several standard algorithms, the performance results for our system are comparable to efficient C implementations.
Formation of N-phase and Phase Relationships in MgO–Si2N2O–Al2O3 System

Baikowski International), A1,0, (Sumitomo, AKP-50), SiO, (99.9%), Si,N, (Ube, SN-E10, N > 38.0 wt%, 0 = 1.4 wt%), and AIN (Starck, N 33.5%). Powders were weighed and mixed in an agate mortar under isoprenyl for 1.5 h. The mixtures were dried and then isostatically pressed into a pellet (5 mm X 10 mm in diameter) under pressure of 300 MPa. Solid-state reaction was carried out by firing the pellets embedded in BN powder for 2 h. Some pellets were also fired for 2 h in a BN powder bed under 1.5 MPa nitrogen pressure (GPS) at 1640°C. Some of the compositions were hot pressed in a BN-lined graphite die for 1 h in flowing nitrogen under a pressure of 35 MPa at temperatures 1400” or 1550°C. After firing, some melted samples were annealed at 1300°C for 20 h to crystallize the crystal phase. The samples with weight loss <4 wt% after firing and <2 wt% after hot pressing were used for analysis. The X-ray diffraction technique was used for phase identification. The N-phase composition was also verified using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). 111. Results and Discussion
The Moderating Role of Ethnicity in the Relation Between Religiousness and Mental Health Among Ethnically Diverse College Students

Many studies have documented the links between dimensions of religiousness with mental health (e.g., Hackney and Sanders 2003; Mofidi et al. 2006). However, very little is known about whether these links differ across ethnic groups. This study examined the contribution of dimensions of religiousness to the prediction of mental health in an ethnically diverse sample of 413 college students (167 European Americans, 83 African Americans, 81 Asian Americans, and 82 Latino Americans). Results indicated significant ethnic differences across dimensions of religiousness. African Americans were significantly higher on religious engagement and religious conservatism than the other ethnic groups and significantly lower on religious struggle than European Americans. Moderated multiple regressions revealed that increases in religious struggle was associated with poorer mental health for African Americans and Latino Americans, while increases in religious engagement and ecumenical worldview were associated with better mental health for African Americans. The findings indicate that ethnicity is an important factor to consider when examining the link between religiousness and mental health.
The Relationship between Elongation and Fatigue Life in A206 Aluminum Castings

The tensile and fatigue testing results of Staley Jr. et al. [Mater. Sci. Eng. A, v. 460–461 (2007) 324 and Mater. Sci. Eng. A, v. 465 (2007) 136] for A206-T71 castings were reanalyzed. The Weibull distributions for both elongation and fatigue life of castings that were hot isostatically pressed (HIPed) as well as those that received no processing (no-HIP) were correlated. Results indicate that significant improvements in fatigue performance are possible if pores old oxides are eliminated. Extrapolations of results and underlying mechanisms are also discussed.
Fine-grained polysilicon films with built-in tensile strain

Novel processing conditions and strain diagnostic structures are used to demonstrate that polysilicon films with built-in tensile-strain can be achieved and that any physical size limitations due to compressive-buckling in polysilicon micromechanical structures can be eliminated. >
Pre-Layout Estimation of Interconnect Lengths for Digital Integrated Circuits

Interconnect lengths have become a dominant factor in the design of integrated circuits. The parasitics associated with interconnects account for a significant part of the noise, delay and power associated with a signal. The estimation of interconnect lengths prior to placement helps in determining the performance of the circuit early in the design phase. Such estimations can provide circuit optimizations by re-ordering of logic blocks and thus reduce iterations between layout and synthesis. This paper presents a methodology to estimate the individual interconnect lengths in digital ICs, prior to layout. Estimations are from gate level netlist, and properties of a standard cell library. Various layouts have been studied to observe typical placement and routing patterns and these have been incorporated into our estimation methodology. Results obtained from the implementation of the methodology presented were compared with detailed routing wire lengths obtained after actual synthesis of the gate level netlist.
Climate change and the decline of a once common bird

Climate change is predicted to negatively impact wildlife through a variety of mechanisms including retraction of range. We used data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey and regional and global climate indices to examine the effects of climate change on the breeding distribution of the Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus), a formerly common species that is rapidly declining. We found that the range of the Rusty Blackbird retracted northward by 143 km since the 1960s and that the probability of local extinction was highest at the southern range margin. Furthermore, we found that the mean breeding latitude of the Rusty Blackbird was significant and positively correlated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation with a lag of six years. Because the annual distribution of the Rusty Blackbird is affected by annual weather patterns produced by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, our results support the hypothesis that directional climate change over the past 40 years is contributing to the decline of the Rusty Blackbird. Our study is the first to implicate climate change, acting through range retraction, in a major decline of a formerly common bird species.
Myelopoiesis and marrow adherent cells in estradiol-treated mice.

Myelopoiesis and marrow adherent cells were evaluated in CS7B 1 /6J mice at two and four weeks after treatment with 0.1 mg 170-estradiol cyclopentylpropionate. Estradiol-treated mice were lymphopenic and eosinopenic at two and four weeks; in addition, neutropenia occurred at four weeks. Numbers of lymphoid, granulocytic, and erythroid cells were decreased in the marrow at two and four weeks. The numbers of granulocyte-macrophage and fibroblast colony-forming units in the humeral marrow were also decreased at two and four weeks. However, the hematopoietic ability of marrow adherent cells was unchanged in estradiol-treated mice. Thymic cortical atrophy, metaphyseal osteosclerosis, and neutrophilic infiltration of the uterus occurred in estradiol-treated mice. Estrogen toxicosis in animals is characterized by le- phagocytic a~tivity.~.~ Marrow fibroblast progenitors sions in the genital tract and mammary glands, the (fibroblast colony-forming units, CFU-F) can be quan- estrogenic target organs. Hematopoiesis also is affected titated by an in vitro assay. Marrow adherent cells can in some animals. In the dog and ferret, estrogen can stimulate the in vitro proliferation of CFU-GM colonies cause pancytopenia and marrow hypoplasia.6, in the absence of an exogenous source of colony-stim- Estrogen causes neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, de- ulating activity.39 These techniques have detected ab- creased marrow cellularity, and increased splenic he- normalities of the hematopoietic microenvironment in matopoiesis in the rnouse.l.I5 several hematopoietic disorders.8 This study examined Hematopoietic failure caused by drugs is often attrib- myelopoiesis is estradiol-treated mice, with attention to uted to toxic or immune-mediated injury of hemato- any abnormality of marrow adherent cells. poietic stem cells.* However, the in vitro proliferation of stem cells committed to granulocytes and macro-
Robust Resonant Frequency-Based Contact Detection With Applications in Robotic Reaching and Grasping

This paper presents a method for detecting contact by tracking a compliant structure's resonant frequency, which increases with external contact. The approach uses an inexpensive accelerometer mounted on or embedded inside the structure, and a phase locked loop circuit and actuator to oscillate the structure at its resonant frequency. This approach is applied to a robotic finger, and two contact detection metrics are compared. The first and best-performing metric detects changes in the frequency of oscillation. The second metric measures changes in the amplitude of the oscillation and detects contact based on amplitude attenuation. The frequency-based method was shown to be approximately three times as sensitive as the amplitude metric, capable of detecting contacts at between 0.03 and 1.65 N, depending on the contact location, approach velocity, and finger stiffness, while the amplitude-based metric detected contacts at between 0.1 and 8 N. The resonant frequency-based approach to contact detection resulted in reliable contact detection anywhere on the finger, including the finger pads, back of the finger, and even out of plane on the side of the finger.
Expression and synthesis of bone morphogenetic proteins by osteoclasts: a possible path to anabolic bone remodeling.

SUMMARY Skeletal remodeling is a finely orchestrated process coupling bone formation to bone resorption. The dynamics of coupling is regulated by the microenvironment at the bone remodeling site, which in turn is influenced by the intercellular communication between cells like osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Understanding the dynamics of coupling is important in devising new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of skeletal diseases characterized by disturbances in the bone remodeling process. In this study, we report the localization of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in osteoclasts generated from primary cocultures of bone marrow cells from mouse femur and tibia with mouse calvarial osteoblasts, using immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. Positive staining was seen in osteoclasts for BMP-2, -4, -6, and -7. Real-time PCR was used to quantitatively confirm the expression of transcripts for BMP-2, BMP-4, and BMP-6 mRNA in murine osteoclasts. Finally, the presence of BMP-2, -4, -6, and-7 proteins was confirmed in osteoclast lysates by Western blotting. Overall, our data suggest a possible direct role for osteoclasts in promoting bone formation via expression and synthesis of BMPs, which then would play an important role in promoting the recruitment, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblasts at bone resorption sites. (J Histochem Cytochem 56:569–577, 2008)
Bone Marrow Engraftment Analysis

A 66-year-old man presented with urinary retention and was having a preoperative evaluation for a transurethral prostatectomy. He was found to have pancytopenia and was referred to a hematologist. The patient had a history of eosinophilic cellulitis three years earlier, which was treated with steroids for one year with complete resolution of the problem. He also had a history of a squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, which was resected. At the time of presentation, he had no bleeding or bruising. He was fatigued but still active and had no recent infections. Medications included tamsulosin for prostatic hypertrophy and supplemental Vitamin D. The patient was a retired purchasing agent with no history of chemical exposure. His parents died of heart disease and one brother with diabetes was still alive. He had two daughters, alive and well.
Forecasting the 2015 British election through party popularity functions

To forecast the May 7, 2015 British General Election, we develop party popularity models based on Continuous Monitoring Survey (CMS) data from April 2004 to February 2015. Our models predict party vote shares three months prior to the election, using previous support levels, national economic evaluations, macro-partisanship and political measures. Our Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) methodology allows us to predict support for the Tories, Labour, Liberal Democrats and “other” parties, separately, yet simultaneously, by constraining total support for all parties to 100%. Our model, estimated with data from February 2015, predicts that Labour will win the highest vote share in Great Britain, but that no party will win a majority of seats in parliament.
Reflections on Teaching and Learning in Colleges of Agriculture

The author challenges college and university faculties to take a hard, analytical look at their own job specifications in the light of the ultimate objective of university education. The objective is to help young people acquire a basis for building and rebuilding skills through a 50‐year period to meet the demands of a rapidly changing society. The author's reflections lead him to believe that our specification biases result in our giving insufficient attention to the variance among students and the rate of obsolescence of material taught, and further in our placing too low a value on the time of both students and faculty.
The type III TGFβ receptor is required for hyaluronan-mediated epicardial invasive cell motility (542.5)

The epicardium originates from the proepicardial organ (PEO). Both the PEO and epicardium require directed cell-motility to cover the heart and instruct epicardially derived cells for coronary vasculature formation. The type III transforming growth factor-beta receptor (Tgfbr3) is required for epicardial cell invasion and development of coronary vasculature in vivo. Utilizing a primary epicardial cell line derived from Tgfbr3(+/+) and Tgfbr3(-/-) e13.5 mouse embryos , we show that Tgfbr3(-/-) epicardial cells are 34.4% deficient in 2D migration relative to wild type. Furthermore, we show that high-molecular weight Hyaluronan (HMWHA) drives 3D cellular invasion in wild type epicardial cells, but not Tgfbr3(-/-) epicardial cells. We show Src kinase is required for HMWHA stimulated filamentous actin (f-actin) polymerization in wild-epicardial cells. Furthermore, HMWHA stimulates Y416Src phosphorylation in wild type, but Src is not activated in Tgfbr3(-/-) epicardial cells. RhoA and Rac1 GTPase are downstream...
Molecular Recognition of Methyl α-d-Mannopyranoside by Antifreeze (Glyco)Proteins

Antifreeze proteins and glycoproteins [AF(G)Ps] have been well-known for more than three decades for their ability to inhibit the growth and recrystallization of ice through binding to specific ice crystal faces, and they show remarkable structural compatibility with specific ice crystal faces. Here, we show that the crystal growth faces of methyl α-D-mannopyranoside (MDM), a representative pyranose sugar, also show noteworthy structural compatibility with the known periodicities of AF(G)Ps. We selected fish AFGPs (AFGP8, AFGP1-5), and a beetle AFP (DAFP1) with increasing antifreeze activity as potential additives for controlling MDM crystal growth. Similar to their effects on ice growth, the AF(G)Ps can inhibit MDM crystal growth and recrystallization, and more significantly, the effectiveness for the AF(G)Ps are well correlated with their antifreeze activity. MDM crystals grown in the presence of AF(G)Ps are smaller and have better defined shapes and are of higher quality as indicated by single crystal X-ray diffraction and polarized microscopy than control crystals, but no new polymorphs of MDM were identified by single crystal X-ray diffraction, solid-state NMR, and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy. The observed changes in the average sizes of the MDM crystals can be related to the changes in the number of the MDM nuclei in the presence of the AF(G)Ps. The critical free energy change differences of the MDM nucleation in the absence and presence of the additives were calculated. These values are close to those of the ice nucleation in the presence of AF(G)Ps suggesting similar interactions are involved in the molecular recognition of MDM by the AF(G)Ps. To our knowledge this is the first report where AF(G)Ps have been used to control crystal growth of carbohydrates and on AFGPs controlling non-ice-like crystals. Our finding suggests MDM might be a possible alternative to ice for studying the detailed mechanism of AF(G)P-crystal interactions. The relationships between AF(G)Ps and carbohydrate binding proteins are also discussed. The structural compatibility between AF(G)Ps and growing crystal faces demonstrated herein adds to the repertoire of molecular recognition by AF(G)Ps, which may have potential applications in the sugar, food, pharmaceutical, and materials industries.
Dynamic Capabilities and Organizational Performance: A Meta‐Analytic Evaluation and Extension

We move the dynamic capabilities view (DCV) forward in two important ways by meta-analysing prior empirical studies. First, we evaluate the two core theoretical tenets of the DCV: (1) Dynamic capabilities are positively related to performance, and (2) this relationship is stronger in industries with higher levels of technological dynamism. We find support for the former (rc = 0.296) but not for the latter, though results suggest the existence of moderators. Second, we theorize and demonstrate empirically that higher-order dynamic capabilities are more strongly related to performance than lower-order dynamic capabilities, lower-order dynamic capabilities partially mediate the relationship between higher-order dynamic capabilities and performance, and dynamic capabilities contribute more to performance in developing economies than in developed economies. These findings illustrate how the nature of the dynamic capability and the economic context in which it is utilized shape its value, thus offering a more nuanced conceptualization of the dynamic capabilities-performance relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
The Necessity for In Vivo Functional Analysis in Human Medical Genetics.

Approximately 50% of all congenital anomalies cannot be linked to any specific cause, but cost effective high throughput sequencing has emerged as an efficient strategy for identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with disease. In many cases, there is not enough evidence to determine if these SNPs underlie disease. To bridge this gap in our understanding, advances in functional analyses are warranted. Several preclinical model systems are currently being utilized to provide such evidence, including the advantageous zebrafish embryo. While every system exhibits disadvantages and caveats, a new era of multidisciplinary research is emerging, which uses a broad spectrum of functional analysis tools. This approach will make it possible to identify potential therapeutic targets for both common and rare human disorders.
Influence of pericardial constraint on atrioventricular interactions

The effects of the pericardial constraint in control, tamponade, and absent pericardium conditions was studied in 18 anesthetized open-chest dogs. Atrial pressures and systolic and diastolic inflow...
G281 Drug development in paediatric cancers in the United States: 1940s to the present

Aims This paper will examine the slow progress of drug development to treat paediatric cancers beginning in the 1940s with Sidney Farber’s promising development of aminopterin and published 1947 study. Nearly seventy years later there have been very few new drugs to treat either blood or solid tumours in children since the 1980s. The study will include the financial and political issues of this slow progress and will conclude with an overview of the most recent drug launches in the United States in leukemias and neuroblastoma. Methods The sources for this paper included published articles in Paediatric Blood and Cancer, Leukaemia, Cancer: Journal of the National Cancer Institute and press releases of the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program Paediatric Branch (National Cancer Institute–NCI). The author has also examined the archives of the NCI and primary sources in the National Institutes of Health Library and oral and written sources at the National Institutes of Health Office of History. Results In part because of the nature of childhood cancers as rare diseases national funding for new drug development has greatly lagged behind that of development of drugs to treat breast and colon cancer and other adult cancers. Public groups in cooperation with medical groups have in the last decade put increasing pressure on the United States Congress to look into and fund some of the most recent pipeline drugs for paediatric cancers. Conclusion Public pressure particularly from childhood cancer organisations has resulted in some new drug development, the first in nearly thirty years in the United States. Along with promising personalised and targeted therapies of very recent note these therapeutics come after a long struggle to begin to prioritise funding for children with cancer.
Thoughts on improving review quality

In my mind, one of the biggest problems with PCs today is the quality of the review. The main reason that review quality is often bad is because PCs are overworked. This paper suggests a few ideas for how to reduce the workload on PC members, with a goal of improving the quality of reviews.
The Death of “la Reina de la Salsa:” Celia Cruz and the Mythification of the Black Woman

Gosin analyzes coverage of Celia Cruz’s death to consider how her blackness has been integrated, or not, within larger conceptions of Latinidad. She argues that embedded within portrayals of Cruz as a pan-Latina icon are stereotypes related to Black womanhood, including hypersexuality and ideas of the “mammy.” Gosin’s paper uses Cruz to consider how blackness and Black womanhood are represented within the Latino imaginary.
Stator current modeling of an induction motor for rotor faults diagnosis

In recent years, the diagnosis of electric motors appealed increasingly to signal processing methods. To develop these methods, it is necessary to have a reliable mathematical model of the physical signal to be processed, in our case the signal is the stator current. Unfortunately, often this stator current can only be obtained from an expensive measurement bench, or from a complex modelling of the electric motor. The aim of this paper is to model the induction motor stator current in the presence of a rotor fault to diagnose it. This model must take into account the effects of the presence of such a fault. In fact, the presence of the rotor fault is manifested by an eccentricity of the air gap and an oscillation of the load torque, which causes amplitude and phase modulations of the current. For this purpose, the impact of the severity of the rotor fault on these two types of modulations expressed in the studied mathematical model is also demonstrated in this paper work.
Analysis of the 70-gene breast cancer prognosis signature in a general hospital population.

B174 CONFIDENTIAL Introduction: A 70-gene microarray gene expression signature was previously discovered at the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI) to identify younger breast cancer patients (age Methods: We determined the negative and positive predictive value of the 70-gene signature in unselected breast cancer patients who were consecutively diagnosed and treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) between 1985 and 1997. Primary tumors from 101 patients with node negative, invasive breast cancer (median age 62 years) were subjected to microarray expression analysis using the 70-gene MammaPrint assay and were classified as being at either low or high risk for distant metastasis. Results: MGH node-negative patients differed significantly from previously studied, node-negative NKI patients with respect to age, tumor size, histologic grade, and adjuvant hormonal and / or chemotherapy (p Conclusion: The 70-gene signature was originally designed to identify younger breast cancer patients at low risk for distant metastasis, who might consequently be spared systemic treatment. We show here that the same signature can also identify older breast cancer patients at low risk for metastatic disease. That fewer of the older age high risk patients developed metastatic disease compared to previously reported studies in younger patients may have two causes. First, these results might reflect host differences in younger versus older breast cancer patients that are associated with propensity to metastasize ( i.e . the same "seed" may have different metastatic behavior in a different (post menopausal) "soil"). Second, the patients in the MGH cohort received considerably more adjuvant therapy than the patients from the NKI study (mostly untreated patients), which is likely to have reduced recurrence rates in the MGH patients. #
Molecular simulations of nanocolloids

The ability for creating stable dispersions of nanocolloidal particles is important for large scale production of nanoparticle (e.g., graphene) based commercial products. The behavior of these nanocolloidal systems is governed by molecular scale phenomena, simulations offer the unique ability to investigate the relationship between structure, interactions, and end-use properties of these systems. Particle-based simulation techniques for nanocolloidal systems are reviewed with special focus on treatment of the solvent. Recent applications of simulations for studying the thermodynamic and transport properties of nanocolloidal dispersions are summarized. Promising directions for future research – at both fundamental and applied levels – are identified.
Developing Abilities to Navigate through the Grey Zones in Complex Environments: Nurses' Reasons for Applying to a Clinical Ethics Residency for Nurses

Background and Purpose Nurses face complex ethical issues in practice and have to determine appropriate actions. An inability to conceptualize or follow a preferred course of action can give rise to moral uncertainty or moral distress. Both moral uncertainty and moral distress are problematic for nurses and their patients. A program designed to increase nurse confidence in moral decision making, the clinical ethics residency for nurses (CERN), was offered selectively to nurses affiliated with two academic medical centers. This is a report of the analysis of their application essays. Design Over a 3-year period, 67 application essays were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Applicants comprised one third advanced practice nurses (APNs) and two thirds staff nurses. They were asked to describe their reasons for interest in the CERN and how they would apply the knowledge gained. Methods For conventional content analyses, no theoretical presumptions are used; rather, codes are identified from the data in an iterative manner and eventually collapsed into themes. Initially, broad themes were identified by the CERN team. Subsequently, in-depth and recursive readings were completed by a subset of three members, resulting in refinement of themes and subthemes. Findings The overarching theme identified was “developing abilities to navigate through the ‘grey zones’ in complex environments.” Three subthemes were: (a) nurses encountering patients who are chronically critically ill, culturally diverse, and presenting with complex circumstances; (b) nurses desiring enhanced ethics knowledge and skills to improve quality of care, understand different perspectives, and act as a resource for others; and (c) nurses supporting and facilitating patient-centered ethical decision making. Conclusions Findings are consistent with those appearing in the international literature but provide a more cohesive and comprehensive account than previously, and hold promise for the development of educational and policy strategies to address moral distress and uncertainty. Clinical Relevance This study is relevant to clinical practice in its verification of the need nurses have for ethics knowledge, skill refinement, and application through communication. These findings affirmed the challenge that nurses feel in communicating their ethical concerns in an effective and engaging way and their commitment to advocacy and improvement in the quality of care for patients.
Smart bandages for chronic wound monitoring and on-demand drug delivery

We review two generations of smart bandages and sensors developed in our group. These devices are capable of monitoring and treating chronic wounds through O2, pH and strain measurement and on-demand drug delivery. First we seek to close the gap between patient and caregivers through continuous monitoring of wound healing status with oxygenation measurements coupled with wireless data acquisition and transmission. Next we demonstrate on-demand drug delivery with this same platform using thermoresponsive particles. Currently, we focus efforts on 2D mapping of wound pH. Here, pH sensors are fabricated on thread using simple, clean-room free processes and are embedded into bandages. We demonstrate these sensors for pH measurement with wireless data transmission and integration with a custom CMOS potentiostat.