cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The dopamine D4 receptor, the ultimate disordered protein

The human D4 dopamine receptor is a synaptic neurotransmitter receptor responsible for neuronal signaling in the mesolimbic system of the brain, an area of the brain that regulates emotion and complex behavior. Its structure makes it a very unusual and interesting G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) as it has several polymorphic variants of its gene in the region encoding the third intracellular loop (IL3). This region contains from two to seven or more similar 48 base pair repeats. These repeats cause this protein to have a very high disorder index and this, in turn, makes it very interactive with other proteins. Among GPCRs in general, the unusually proline-rich IL3 is unique to the D4 receptor (D4R). We believe that, as in the D2R, this region of the receptor plays a role in it’s interaction with other receptors.
The Behavior of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites in a Multi-Layer Configuration

It has been observed that an ionic polymer?metal composite (IPMC) is both inherently resistive and capacitive. This allows for the material to be modeled using an equivalent RC circuit to describe the charging/discharging behavior associated with the IPMC. Typically, the model includes two resistors and two capacitors, which will primarily account for the effective electrodes on the surface of the IPMC (top and bottom). There will also be a resistor placed between the two RC circuits to account for material between the electrodes and the resistance due to ion migration through the polymer matrix. In this paper we report our recent effort to extend such a model to accommodate a multi-layer IPMC as well as inter-digitated electrodes. As expected, the observed electric characteristics of an IPMC subjected to an electric field are highly non-linear. This is believed to be due primarily to the particle electrodes on the IPMC surface, which is inherently both capacitive and resistive due to particle separation and density. The advantage of using such a model is to realize the capacitive and resistive effects and use them for a multi-layer configuration. We also present typical experimental data.
Chromatin occupancy analysis reveals genome-wide GATA factor switching during hematopoiesis

There are many examples of transcription factor families whose members control gene expression profiles of diverse cell types. However, the mechanism by which closely related factors occupy distinct regulatory elements and impart lineage specificity is largely undefined. Here we demonstrate on a genome wide scale that the hematopoietic GATA factors GATA-1 and GATA-2 bind overlapping sets of genes, often at distinct sites, as a means to differentially regulate target gene expression and to regulate the balance between proliferation and differentiation. We also reveal that the GATA switch, which entails a chromatin occupancy exchange between GATA2 and GATA1 in the course of differentiation, operates on more than one-third of GATA1 bound genes. The switch is equally likely to lead to transcriptional activation or repression; and in general, GATA1 and GATA2 act oppositely on switch target genes. In addition, we show that genomic regions co-occupied by GATA2 and the ETS factor ETS1 are strongly enriched for regions marked by H3K4me3 and occupied by Pol II. Finally, by comparing GATA1 occupancy in erythroid cells and megakaryocytes, we find that the presence of ETS factor motifs is a major discriminator of megakaryocyte versus red cell specification.
Serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in brains of suicide victims. Comparison in chronic schizophrenic patients with suicide as cause of death

• Serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations were determined in various brain areas of nonschizophrenic suicide victims, chronic schizophrenic patients with or without suicide as the cause of death, and normal control subjects without psychiatric or neurologic disorders. Serotonin concentrations in the basal ganglia were significantly elevated in suicide victims and chronic schizophrenic patients, as were 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations in the occipital cortex. These differences were not specific to either patient group and may have been caused by neuroleptic or antidepressant treatment. A decreased 5-HT concentration was found in the hypothalamus of nonschizophrenic suicide victims. Among the chronic schizophrenic patients, there was no significant difference in the hypothalamic 5-HT content between the suicide victims and others, indicating that low 5-HT levels in the hypothalamus are not characteristic of schizophrenic patients who died of suicide.
A new Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) amber deposit from the Eutaw Formation of eastern Alabama, USA

Abstract A new amber-rich deposit has been identified in the Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) Eutaw Formation exposed in eastern Alabama, U.S.A. Amber occurs as common parautochthonous clasts and in direct association with conifer plant parts in the lower part of a thin, laterally discontinuous, carbonaceous and pyritiferous clay lens that was deposited in a tidal channel within a transgressive estuarine bayhead-delta system. Organic inclusions are common in amber clasts and include plant and fungal debris and terrestrial arthropod remains. The latter include mites, a spider in association with its web, and scale insects. Amber-plant associations and amber geochemistry indicate that resins were derived from the Cupressaceae, virtually identical to the trees that produced the Turonian-aged amber from central New Jersey, USA.
The Coprates trough assemblage: More evidence for martian polar wander

Abstract Martian surface features such as quasi-circular structures in polar regions have been previously cited as evidence of polar wander (i.e., large-scale relative motion between a body-fixed axis and the rotation pole). Another feature, the Coprates (Valles Marineris) trough assemblage, is proposed as further, plausible evidence of such wander. This trough assemblage is explained as a failure due to curvature changes in Mars' lithosphere, in the manner of certain hypotheses explaining terrestrial features (e.g. East African Rift System). In the Earth's case plate tectonics cause lithospheric curvature changes, whereas, in Mars' case polar wander is most probable. Membrane stresses which can reach 10 kbars are shown to most likely over-shadow bending stresses. Flattening changes are judged to be inappropriate. Simple wander scenarios are constructed to illustrate the hypothesis.
Dissolution and adsorption of hydrogen at smooth Pd wires at potentials of the alpha phase. Influence of electrolyte

Abstract The dissolution and adsorption of hydrogen atoms was determined as a function of potential in the region of the alpha phase of a smooth Pd wire in 0.5 M H2SO4, 0.5 M KOH, and 0.5 M HCl by a pulse technique. Specifically adsorbable chloride ions were found to decrease the hydrogen coverage at constant potential as on platinum. In contrast to platinum hydroxyl ions did not lead to an increase of the hydrogen bond strength. The isotherms of hydrogen adsorption can be approximated by a Temkin type relationship in a range of medium coverage. The logarithm of the bulk concentration of dissolved hydrogen atoms directly below the surface was a linear function of potential between about 0.25 V and 0.1 V, interpretable in terms of the non-ideal behaviour of the atoms in the first layer below the surface.
Effects of Race and Sex of Experimenter and Subject on Responsiveness during Nonreinforcement and Reinforcement Conditions

Two 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 4 repeated measures analyses of variance were used to assess the effects of sex of S, race of S, sex of E, race of E, E-replications within characteristics and trials on responsiveness during nonreinforcement and reinforcement (verbal approval) conditions. Ss were 96 children from the Headstart program. They ranged in age from 60 to 72 mo. and were equally divided according to sex and race (black and white) characteristics so as to form 4 groups of 24 Ss each. Chi-square analyses of responsiveness of adjacent nonreinforcement and reinforcement conditions indicated that there was a reinforcement effect. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences were manifest in responsiveness under nonreinforcement conditions for sex of S, sex of E and E-replications. Significant interactions for sex by race of S and sex by race of E were also found. Similar effects were found in responsiveness under reinforcement conditions except that the interaction of sex by race of E which was not ...
A morphologic investigation during experimental heterimmune hemolytic anemia

Hemolytic anemia was induced in white mice by intramuscular administration of rabbit's serum immunized with mice erythrocytes. Anemia and jaundice developed in mice soon after the serum administration by the degree of manifestation that they were in direct relationship to the amount of the serum administered. Enlargement of the spleen was constantly observed in connection with a marked congestion of its pulp. With a reduction of the blood erythrocyte count down to 2,000,000 per cubic mm the mice survived. The number of erythrocytes in their blood gradually reverted to normal and the changes in the spleen disappeared. In decrease of the erythrocyte count below 2,000,000 per cubic mm hemoglobinuria developed and the mice perished. Apart from anemia, jaundice and congestion of the splenic pulp, hemoglobin casts were found in the tubuli and hemosiderosis of the renal epithelium, as well as anemic necroses in the liver.
Models for Hypertext

Features characteristic of hypertext are no longer the providence of specialized hypertext systems. Interfaces exhibiting the “power of linking” can be found in software ranging from document preparation programs to operating systems, providing users with many new ap proaches to individual and group information management. To take advantage of the new opportunities afforded by this migration, it is important to understand hypertext at representation levels beneath the more superficial aspects of the human-computer interface. Three abstract models for hypertext-representative members of a spectrum of popular formalisms-are presented to provide insight into the meaning and potential of hypertext. Each model represents a different level in the design-decision process necessary for effective hypertext development, and each model plays an important role in development and use of information management software exhibiting hypertext features. Hypertext provides new methods for organizing and presenting information. The technology has been employed to facilitate personal information management, improve use of large information resources, and coordinate complex planning tasks. Support for hypertexts and related systems is motivated by a belief that hypertext can provide more efficient and personalized access to text by complementing the global search techniques of traditional information retrieval systems with focal navigation based on meaningful inter- and intradocument connections or “links” identified by other means. Informally, hypertext is simply a collection of modular text elements and a set of inter- and intraelement relationships that can be ordered in many ways and used to satisfy a broad range of personalized information needs. More formally, hypertext is: (1) a database of text; (2) a semantic net which connects text components; and (3) tools for creating and manipulating this combination of text and semantic net (Conklin, 1987; Rada & Lunin, 1989; Schnase, Leggett, Kacmar, & Boyle, 1988). Hypermedia is hypertext with nontextual elements. Software is said to possess “hypertext func
Epigenetic Control of Ovarian Function: The Emerging Role of Histone Modifications

The dynamic nature of the ovarian follicle makes it an ideal model to study the coordinated activation and inactivation of genes related to cell growth and differentiation. Much progress has been made in identifying transcription factors that promote the transcription of ovarian genes mediating gonadotropin action and steroidogenesis, but how these factors promote transcription in the context of chromatin is not well understood. Over the past 5 years, epigenetic regulation of ovarian genes through histone modifications has been the focus of an increasing number of studies. Several coactivators and corepressors associated with transcription factors are in fact histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases mediating the hyperacetylation and hypoacetylation of histones, respectively. Hyperacetylation of lysine residues in the core histone tails promotes chromatin alterations that favor transcription, whereas hypoacetylation of histones promotes gene silencing or repression. Not only does the acetylation status of the core histones determine whether chromatin remodeling occurs, but histone phosphorylation and methylation may serve equally important roles. For example, the combination of histone H3 phosphorylation and acetylation concertedly favors transcription. In addition, specific lysine methylations (e.g., K9 of histone H3) repress gene expression whereas other methylations promote gene expression. It is most likely the combination of histone modification events that regulate the initiation of transcription. Understanding how ovarian hormones control specific histone modifications will help us understand how follicular cells can switch from active gene pools governing cell proliferation to those gene groups controlling terminal differentiation. Progress in elucidating the ovarian specific regulation of histone modifying enzymes as well as identification of their target gene pools at different stages of the follicular cycle is expected in the next few years.
A framework for XML schema naming and design rules development tools

Many organizations are facing enormous challenges today in trying to integrate a wide range of software systems. These systems span the functional areas within an organization, as well as, the multitude of organizations and countries involved in a business process. To address the needs of information integration a number of organizations are developing standards to define the information units that will be shared. Many of these standards are an application of the XML family of software standards, hence the proliferation of content standards or xML standards. To ensure quality in the emerging content standards, the organizations producing them also define guidelines for how the XML standards, especially XML Schema, will be used in a given context. These guidelines are published as sets of Naming and Design Rules (NDR). Unfortunately, a single set of these rules do not meet the needs of the wide range of standards being developed. Moreover, the guidelines are being published as prose (e.g., English text) rather than in a computational form. To address these shortcomings and allow for the more rapid creation of high quality NDR, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is developing a set of tools to facilitate NDR development. The tools support the development of executable tests to support NDR, collaboration on the use of those tests, the grouping of tests into testing profiles, as well as, the association of NDR documentation with executable tests. The grouping mechanism allows rules to be selected from a larger set for use in a particular context. By also providing for the association of guidelines with executable tests, a testing suite can be quickly assembled. Furthermore, the pool of guidelines and their tests can be collaboratively developed, thereby leveraging resources and creating higher quality test sets in the end. The report describes a framework for tools to support the development of NDR for XML Schema. The tools aid in producing high quality XML schemas using a standards-based approach to information integration. The tools are based on open standards, making them highly configurable and reusable. The three primary functional areas of the tools described are authoring, testing, and sharing.
Rep-tiling Euclidean space

A rep-tiling. T is a self replicating, lattice tiling of R n . Lattice tiling means a tiling by translates of a single compact tile by the points of a lattice, and self-replicating means that there is a non-singular linear map O: R n → R n such that, for each T ∈T, the image O(T) is, in turn, tiled by T. This topic has recently come under investigation, not only because of its recreational appeal, but because of its application to the theory of wavelets and to computer addressing. The paper presents an exposition of some recent results on rep-tiling, including a construction of essentially all rep-tilings of Euclidean space. The construction is based on radix representation of points of a lattice. One particular radix representation, called the generalized balanced ternary, is singled out as an example because of its relevance to the field of computer vision.
Segregation during the vertical Bridgman growth of lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate single crystals

Abstract Transparent, high-quality lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate, (1−x)PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3–xPbTiO3, or PMNT, crystals were grown using the vertical Bridgman method. Crystals grown from 35% PT (x=0.35) and 32% PT (x=0.32) melts were found to vary in composition along the axial direction (from 30% to 72% PT along the growth direction). Crystals grown from 10% PT melts were found to be uniform in composition. Effective segregation coefficients were determined. All crystals examined had uniform radial composition profiles, indicating a flat growth interface. Dielectric measurements were performed on (0 0 1) oriented samples cut from a crystal grown from a 35% PT melt. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of a two-phase region (tetragonal and rhombohedral) between 31% PT and 36% PT. Poling was performed on (0 0 1) samples of composition 32% PT. Upon poling, as-grown, cloudy crystals became optically transparent, and observations under crossed polarizers showed the formation of large single domain regions. Analysis of 32% PT samples showed a transition from two phases (rhombohedral and tetragonal) in the as-grown sample to single phase (rhombohedral) after poling. The high-temperature phase diagram for PMNT was estimated using a combination of differential thermal analysis and compositional data from growth experiments.
Genetic analysis of expulsion of adult Trichinella spiralis in NFS, C3H/He, and B10.BR mice.

Abstract The genetics of T. spiralis rejection from the intestine was examined in inbred mice belonging to three phenotypic categories of expulsion: strong (NFS), intermediate (C3H), and weak (B10 · BR). Experiments used various worm doses to analyze the day of worm rejection, defined as the day at which 98% expulsion of the infectious dose occurred. The F 1 of NFS (strong) × B10 · BR (weak) was a strong responder and the F 1 of the cross C3H (intermediate) × B10 · BR (weak) was intermediate. Analysis of time of rejection among offspring of the (NFS/B10 · BR) × B10 · BR backcross showed three segregating phenotypic categories which occurred in a ratio of 1:2:1 strong:intermediate:weak. Segregation analysis of C3H/B10 · BR intercross (F 2 ) mice produced a ratio of 3:1, intermediate:weak. The back-cross C3H/B10 · BR to the C3H parent produced 100% intermediate offspring and the back-cross to the B10 · BR parent segregated in a 1:1 ratio of intermedate:weak. Taken together the results of both sets of crosses demonstrated that strong responsiveness was a consequence of the additive effects of two dominant genes; either gene by itself conferred intermediate responsiveness. The additive nature of these dominant genes suggested that two distinct processes each lead to the expression of worm expulsion that is phenotypically intermediate and kinetically identical.
Orientation of Migratory Restlessness in the White-Crowned Sparrow

Individuals of two migratory races of white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys) caged under an open sky showed a pronounced orientation in their night restlessness during normal periods of migration for the species. In August and September 1958 most birds showed a southerly orientation at night; daytime activity was random to somewhat northerly. In April and May 1959 most birds showed a strong northerly orientation at night; daytime activity was random to somewhat southerly (1).
Short-term trends in sulfate deposition at selected bulk precipitation stations in New York

Abstract Trends in rainfall-adjusted sulfate concentration were assessed for 5-yr subrecords of the 14.5–17 yr of monthly bulk-deposition data from five stations in New York by using the seasonal Kendall test. For the 5-yr subrecord from 1978 to 1982, the trends for the bulk deposition were similar to those for weekly wet-only deposition for adjacent stations of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP). The long-term trend at each of the bulk-precipitation sites was downward and statistically significant at P
Self-powered MEMS sensor module for measuring electrical quantities in residential, commercial, distribution and transmission power systems

Ongoing initiatives for energy conservation present the need for ubiquitous sensing of electrical power use in residential and commercial settings. Inexpensive and massively distributed electrical sensors installed in power distribution and transmission systems will enable collection of highly granular information regarding the operation of the power grid. Incorporated into the upcoming Smart Grid infrastructure, we envision this data-collecting capability to enhance the overall stability of the grid, as well as improve its diagnostic capabilities. In this paper, we present our ongoing work towards developing self-powered MEMS sensor modules that can be installed in both residential and commercial settings, as well as in power distribution and transmission systems. The sensor modules will measure electrical quantities such as voltage, current and instantaneous power using a suite of MEMS sensors, and will scavenge the energy needed for their operation from the current flowing in the energized conductor onto which they are attached.
Stopped-flow, air-segmented continuous flow: kinetic determinations of glucose and phosphate in wine and serum samples

Abstract The feasibility of using the stopped-flow technique with an air-segmented continuous-flow analysis system has been investigated. Kinetic determination of glucose and phosphate are used to evaluate the potential of this approach. The effects of such instrument characteristics as delay time and flow-rate on the observed reaction rates are discussed. The results of determining glucose and phosphate in wine and serum samples are reported.
Pediatric epithelioid sarcoma of the penis

A healthy 13-year-old white male, Tanner stage 2, presented with a painless nodule on the left side of the penile shaft. The nodule had been present for more than 1 year and had not changed in size. The patient had no other symptoms. Excisional biopsy revealed epithelioid sarcoma. Metastatic evaluation, including physical examination, computerized tomography of the chest, abdomen and pelvis, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was negative. The patient underwent uneventful subtotal penectomy and perineal urethrostomy (fig. 1). Margins of resection were negative. Histological staining was positive for cytokeratins AE1/AE3 and Cam5.2, and CD34, and negative for CD31 and factor VIII related antigen. Oncology and radiation oncology consultants recommended no further therapy at that time. The patient was followed with serial examinations and MRI of the abdomen and pelvis at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively, and annually thereafter. Four years after surgery a palpable 2.5 cm painless left inguinal nodule developed, which was suspicious for metastasis on MRI. Physical examination and MRI were otherwise negative. The patient underwent radical left inguinal lymph node dissection without complication. Pathological evaluation showed a single node containing metastatic epithelioid sarcoma (fig. 2). The patient completed 5 cycles of combination therapy with vincristine, ifosfamide and doxorubicin. He is currently disease-free 1 year after lymph node dissection and 6 months after completion of chemotherapy. DISCUSSION Penile epithelioid sarcoma is a rare malignancy previously described in only 14 cases.1 Before this report the youngest patient was 23 years old at diagnosis. Epithelioid sarcoma most commonly occurs in the distal upper extremities.2 It is distinguished from other sarcomas by the characteristic presence of cytokeratins AE1/AE3 and Cam5.2, CD34, vimentin and epithelial membrane antigen, with the absence of desmin, smooth muscle actin, factor VIII related antigen and CD31.3 The clinical behavior of penile epithelioid sarcoma is similar to its behavior in the extremities. Often the lesion is present for years before diagnosis and may be mistaken for Peyronie’s disease. Since local recurrence is highly likely after simple excision, recommended treatment is wide or radical excision. However, even after radical excision lymph node or lung metastases occur in approximately 30% to 50% of patients.1, 2 As with our patient, disease may recur several years after definitive surgical treatment. Inguinal lymphadenectomy may potentially improve chances for long-term survival but data are sparse due to the rarity of the disease, and there are no definitive guidelines for treatment. Similarly, although some data suggest a role for adjuvant therapy at initial surgery, the efficacy of either adjuvant or salvage radiation or chemotherapy is unproved. Approximately 30% of patients with epithelioid sarcoma die of the disease. This case is only the fifteenth reported and demonstrates that penile epithelioid sarcoma may occur in pediatric patients. It also underscores the importance of an extended
From diamond-like carbon to diamond coatings☆

Abstract Carbon films deposited by pyrolytic and plasma-activated deposition from hydrocarbon-containing gases encompass a virtual infinity of compositions (hydrogen concentrations) and structures (from amorphous to single crystal and with variable amounts of sp 1 , sp 2 and sp 3 bonding). Coatings which have a high degree of sp 3 bonding generally have properties, especially hardness, close to those of single- crystal diamond and are often referred to as diamond-like carbon. Recently, large grain size diamond crystals and continuous diamond coatings have been prepared by plasma chemical vapor deposition methods. Although such materials are different from the diamond-like carbon class of materials, there is clearly a continuum of materials which is expected to lead to vagueness and confusion in nomenclature. In this paper, such issues are dealt with and a working definition of “diamond” coatings is offered.
Amount and Size of Ice Crystals in Frozen Samples as Influenced by Hydrocolloids

Abstract Measurement of the heat of fusion of frozen hydrocolloid-water solutions and of ice cream mix by differential scanning calorimetry indicated that hydrocolloids, when incorporated at a concentration of 2% (wt/wt) or less, cause only a small reduction (usually less than 3%) in the amount of ice formed. Based on the microscopic appearance of the ice cream mix, with and without gelatin, it was concluded that gelatin at a concentration of .28% (wt/wt) does not have a significant effect on: 1) the amount of ice that forms in ice cream mix, 2) the size and shape of the ice crystals existing soon after freezing, or 3) the rate at which recrystallization of ice occurs during a 2-wk period at −15 ± 2°C. It would appear likely that gelatin exerts a desirable influence on the sensory texture of frozen desserts by some mechanism other than control of ice crystal size or altering the amount of ice formed.
On ARQ-based wireless communication systems in the presence of a strategic jammer

We investigate the design and performance of ARQ-based systems for wireless point-to-point (P2P) communication links with perfect feedback channels in the presence of a strategic jammer over an additive white Gaussian noise channel subject to InterSymbol Interference (ISI). We define system-latency as the number of transmission attempts at the transmitter to achieve a successful transfer of a data packet to the receiver. We attempt to minimize it by modeling this as a constrained optimization problem where the system-latency is minimized such that the probability of successfully receiving a data packet at the receiver satisfies a prescribed guarantee. A game-theoretic formulation is provided. Numerical results are presented for illustration purposes.
Evaluation of 5‐(2‐(4‐pyridinyl)vinyl)‐6‐chloro‐3‐(1‐methyl‐2‐(S)‐pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine and its analogues as PET radioligands for imaging nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

A novel series of compounds derived from the high-affinity nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligand, 5-(2-(4-pyridinyl)vinyl)-6-chloro-3-((1-methyl-2-(S)-pyrrolidinyl)methoxy)pyridine (Me-p-PVC), originally developed by Abbott Laboratories, was characterized in vitro in nAChR binding assays at 37°C to show Ki values in the range of 9–611 pm. Several compounds of this series were radiolabeled with 11C and evaluated in vivo in mice and monkeys as potential candidates for PET imaging of nAChRs. [11C]Me-p-PVC (Ki =56 pm at 37°C; logD = 1.6) was identified as a radioligand suitable for the in vivo imaging of the α4β2* nAChR subtype. Compared with 2-[18F]FA, a PET radioligand that has been successfully used in humans and is characterized by a slow kinetic of brain distribution, [11C]Me-p-PVC is more lipophilic. As a result, [11C]Me-p-PVC accumulated in the brain more rapidly than 2-[18F]FA. Pharmacological evaluation of Me-p-PVC in mice demonstrated that the toxicity of this compound was comparable with or lower than that of 2-FA. Taken together, these results suggest that [11C]Me-p-PVC is a promising PET radioligand for studying nAChR occupancy by endogenous and exogenous ligands in the brain in vivo.
Solution structure and backbone dynamics of recombinant Cucurbita maxima trypsin inhibitor-V determined by NMR spectroscopy.

The solution structure of recombinant Cucurbita maxima trypsin inhibitor-V (rCMTI-V), whose N-terminal is unacetylated and carries an extra glycine residue, was determined by means of two-dimensional (2D) homo and 3D hetero NMR experiments in combination with a distance geometry and simulated annealing algorithm. A total of 927 interproton distances and 123 torsion angle constraints were utilized to generate 18 structures. The root mean squared deviation (RMSD) of the mean structure is 0.53 A for main-chain atoms and 0.95 A for all the non-hydrogen atoms of residues 3−40 and 49−67. The average structure of rCMTI-V is found to be almost the same as that of the native protein [Cai, M., Gong, Y., Kao, J.-L., & Krishnamoorthi, R. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 5201−5211]. The backbone dynamics of uniformly 15N-labeled rCMTI-V were characterized by 2D 1H−15N NMR methods. 15N spin−lattice and spin−spin relaxation rate constants (R1 and R2, respectively) and {1H}−15N steady-state heteronuclear Overhauser effect enhance...
The impact of exposure to crime and violence on urban youth

Ninety-six students at a high school in a major urban setting were assessed for exposure to violent crime, resultant stress symptoms, and use of social support and coping strategies to moderate the symptoms. Rates of exposure and symptomatology were found to be high, and aspects of the moderating factors were significantly related to amount and severity of symptoms. Directions for further research are outlined and implications for intervention are noted.
Offshoring and reshoring: U.S. insights and research challenges

Abstract The phenomenon of reshoring to the U.S. has received wide attention ever since it became a political platform for U.S. politicians during the last presidential election. The economic downturn, a heightened emphasis on sustainability, and increasing customer expectations for flexibility and improved cost performance drove firms to re-consider the appropriate “shoring” decision. The intent of this research note is to add a U.S.-centric perspective to the “shoring” debate.
Magnetic dipole moments of odd-mass nuclei in the spherical region

The magnetic dipole moments of odd-mass nuclei are calculated and compared to the experimental data for nuclei with particles in the 28-126 shells, except for the deformed region of 150 less than or equal to A less than or equal to 190. The wave functions upon which the calculation is based are admixtures of seniority-one wave functions produced by pairing interaction and obtained by projecting eigenfunctions of the number operator out of Bardeen-type wave functions. Perturbation theory is used to compute the seniority-three admixtures produced by a delta-function residual interaction. (auth)
RF evanescent-mode cavity resonator for passive wireless sensor applications

This paper presents a radio-frequency (RF) evanescent-mode cavity resonator for passive wireless sensor applications. The evanescent-mode resonator is composed of a cavity with a center post. The resonant frequency of the resonator is determined by the dimension of the cavity, the gap between top membrane electrode of the cavity, and the center post. In a wireless airflow sensor application proposed in this paper, the top electrode of the cavity resonator is deformed when airflow is applied. This results in a resonant frequency shift. A coplanar waveguide (CPW) coupling method has also been proposed for the sensor structures. The proposed coupling method has demonstrated low transition loss with a relatively simplified signal feeding structure, resulting in easy integration of sensing elements and RF antenna. The fabrication of the proposed flow sensor is realized by a simple molding technology. Measurements of airflow velocity using the proposed flow-sensor have been demonstrated with sensitivity of 0.37 GHz/(m/s). Passive wireless interrogation has also been achieved by integrating the sensor with a pair of ultra-wide-bandwidth (UWB) antennas.
Design of “softer” robust nonlinear control laws

Abstract We show that the Lyapunov function used in backstepping feedback designs for uncertain nonlinear systems leads to unnecessarily ‘hard’ control laws having undesirable high-gain properties. We present a new Lyapunov function and use it to design ‘softer’ control laws which exhibit the high-gain properties to a much lesser extent. We show that the ‘soft’ designs eliminate the chattering exhibited by the ‘hard’ designs and achieve the same or better performance with less control effort.
The psychiatric symptomatology of deficit schizophrenia: A meta-analysis

A relatively large literature has emerged supporting the notion that the deficit syndrome reflects a distinct illness within schizophrenia. One topic that has received limited attention is how deficit schizophrenia differs from nondeficit schizophrenia in terms of psychiatric symptomatology. The present study conducted a meta-analysis of 47 published studies to compare deficit and nondeficit patients in severity of positive, disorganization, negative, mood and total psychiatric symptoms. The patient groups did not differ in terms of positive or total psychiatric symptoms but deficit patients showed less severe mood symptoms and slightly more severe disorganization symptoms. Not surprisingly, deficit patients had much more severe negative symptoms. These results are discussed in terms of the construct validity of the deficit syndrome and the larger heterogeneity of schizophrenia. Additionally, diagnostic issues regarding the deficit syndrome are considered.
Oxygen isotopic compositions of IVA iron meteorites: Implications for the thermal evolution derived from in situ ultraviolet laser microprobe analyses

Abstract Oxygen isotopic compositions of silicate inclusions in IVA iron meteorites have been measured with an in situ UV laser microprobe technique. The homogeneity of oxygen isotopic compositions within and among individual mineral grains has also been examined. Oxygen isotope fractionations between coexisting mineral pairs were utilized in oxygen isotope thermometry. Our measured Δ17O values, ranging from 0.97 to 1.25‰, are characteristic of a single reservoir and fully confirm the oxygen isotopic similarity between IVA irons and L/LL chondrites. Steinbach and Sao Joao Nepomuceno, containing inclusions of two silicate minerals in mutual contact, exhibit a mass-dependent fractionation of 18O/16O between tridymite and bronzite with apparent oxygen isotopic heterogeneity. The SiO2-bearing member, Gibeon, gives homogeneous oxygen isotopic compositions without detectable fractionation of 18O/16O between tridymite and quartz. Oxygen isotope equilibrium temperatures are estimated for coexisting tridymite and bronzite in the same sample slabs or clusters in Steinbach and Sao Joao Nepomuceno. The fractionations of 18O/16O between bronzite and tridymite range from 1.6 to 2.3‰ in different sample slabs or clusters. On the basis of the closure temperature concept, cooling rates are estimated at approximately 20 to 1000°C/Myr between 800 and 1000°C, a range of temperatures not accessible to other cooling rate methods. Using the Fast Grain Boundary diffusion model, we have demonstrated that significant oxygen heterogeneity both in tridymite and bronzite is probably due to isotope exchange during cooling between minerals with various grain sizes and mineral abundances in different regions of the samples. The new estimates of cooling rate by oxygen isotope thermometry refine previous cooling curves of IVA irons and support the breakup-reassembly model for the IVA parent body.
On the effects of time-varying aerodynamical coefficients on satellite orbits

Abstract The problem of orbital dynamics of a satellite in the atmosphere is revised for time-varying aerodynamical coefficients. A general form for aerodynamical modeling is suggested. Including the unsteady aerodynamics, results in major orbital changes, very sensitive to attitude kinematics. Representative examples for the extreme case of orbiting flat plate are demonstrated.
A Technique for Characterizing Process-Induced Fiber Waviness in Unidirectional Composite Laminates-Using Optical Microscopy

A technique has been developed, using optical microscopy, for the characterization of localized fiber waviness in composite laminates. Since most of the process-induced waviness which develops in unidirectional thermoplastic laminates is clearly discretized into little packets or fiber-wrinkled regions, the spatial distribution of fiber waviness can be estimated by surface inspection of the laminates. The waviness in these fiber-wrinkled regions is approximately sinusoidal so the waviness parameters chosen were amplitude and wavelength. The waviness in each of the fiber-wrinkled regions is approximately coherent; thus, one measurement of the local fiber geometry is enough to characterize the wave packet. Another issue this technique attempts to address is the thru-thickness waviness. To investigate the presence of waviness through the thickness a two pronged approach is presented: 1) a general survey in which an entire laminate was carefully sectioned into small pieces and inspected in cross-section for t...
Marginal fit and surface roughness of crowns made with an accelerated casting technique

Abstract Statement of problem. Conventional investing and casting techniques following the manufacturers' recommendations are time-consuming. Accelerated casting techniques have been reported, but their accuracy has not been adequately studied for complete crown castings. Purpose. This study evaluated the marginal fit and surface roughness of complete crowns made with a conventional and an accelerated casting technique. Materials and methods. Part I of the study determined the mean time interval required for each investment to reach its maximum exothermic setting reaction temperature. Part II determined the marginal discrepancy of standardized complete crowns cast in a high noble metal ceramic alloy, with the use of four phosphate-bonded investments. A conventional technique (as recommended by the manufacturer) was compared with an accelerated technique that used 13- to 17-minute bench set time (as determined in part I for each investment) and 15-minute wax elimination cycle in a 815°C (1500°F) preheated furnace. Part III evaluated the surface roughness of castings made with the same techniques as in part II. Results. For the marginal discrepancy and surface roughness, crowns fabricated with the accelerated casting technique were not significantly ( P >0.05) different from those fabricated with the conventional technique. Conclusion. The accelerated casting technique described in this study could be a vital alternative to the time-consuming conventional techniques. (J Prosthet Dent 1998;80:337-45.)
Retell as an Indicator of Reading Comprehension

The purpose of this narrative synthesis is to determine the reliability and validity of retell protocols for assessing reading comprehension of students in grades K–12. Fifty-four studies were systematically coded for data related to the administration protocol, scoring procedures, and technical adequacy of the retell component. Retell was moderately correlated with standardized measures of reading comprehension and, with older students, had a lower correlation with decoding and fluency. Literal information was retold more frequently than inferential, and students with learning disabilities or reading difficulties needed more supports to demonstrate adequate recall. Great variability was shown in the prompting procedures, but scoring methods were more consistent across studies. The influences of genre, background knowledge, and organizational features were often specific to particular content, texts, or students. Overall, retell has not yet demonstrated adequacy as a progress monitoring instrument.
Silicon p-FETs from ultrahigh density nanowire arrays

Statistical numbers of field-effect transistors (FETs) were fabricated from a circuit of 17-nm-wide, 34-nm-pitch Si nanowires boron doped at a level of 10^(18) cm^(-3). Top-gated 4-μm-wide Si nanowire p-FETs yielded low off-currents (∼10^(-12) A), high on/off ratios (10^5−10^6), good on current values (30 μA/μm), high mobilities (∼100 cm^2/V−s), and low subthreshold swing values (∼80 mV/decade between 10^(-12) and 10^(-10) A increasing to 200 mV/decade between 10^(-10)−10^(-8) A).
Evidence That ThiI, an Enzyme Shared between Thiamin and 4-Thiouridine Biosynthesis, May Be a Sulfurtransferase That Proceeds through a Persulfide Intermediate

ThiI is an enzyme common to the biosynthetic pathways leading to both thiamin and 4-thiouridine in tRNA. Comparison of the ThiI sequence with protein sequences in the data bases revealed that the Escherichia coli enzyme contains a C-terminal extension displaying sequence similarity to the sulfurtransferase rhodanese. Cys-456 of ThiI aligns with the active site cysteine residue of rhodanese that transiently forms a persulfide during catalysis. We investigated the functional importance of this sequence similarity and discovered that, like rhodanese, ThiI catalyzes the transfer of sulfur from thiosulfate to cyanide. Mutation of Cys-456 to alanine impairs this sulfurtransferase activity, and the C456A ThiI is incapable of supporting generation of 4-thiouridine in tRNA both in vitro and in vivo. We therefore conclude that Cys-456 of ThiI is critical for activity and propose that Cys-456 transiently forms a persulfide during catalysis. To accommodate this hypothesis, we propose a general mechanism for sulfur transfer in which the terminal sulfur of the persulfide first acts as a nucleophile and is then transferred as an equivalent of S2− rather than S0.
The Traveling Agent Problem

This paper considers a sequencing problem which arises naturally in the scheduling of software agents. We are given n sites at which a certain task might be successfully performed. The probability of success is pi at the ith site and these probabilities are independent. Visiting site i and trying the task there requires time (or some other cost metric) ti whether successful or not. Latencies between sites i and j are lij, that is, the travel time between those two sites. Should the task be successfully completed at a site then any remaining sites do not need to be visited. The Traveling Agent Problem is to find the sequence which minimizes the expected time to complete the task. The general formulation of this problem is NP-Complete. However, if the latencies are constant we show that the problem can be solved in polynomial time by sorting the ratios ti/pi according to increasing value and visiting the sites in that order. This result then leads to an efficient algorithm when groups of sites form subnets in which latencies within a subnet are constant but can vary across subnets. We also study the case when there are deadlines for solving the problem in which case the goal is to maximize probability of success subject to satisfying the deadlines. Applications to mobile and intelligent agents are described.
Predictive value of Medicare claims data for identifying revision of index hip replacement was modest

Objective To determine the positive predictive value of Medicare claims for identifying revision of total hip replacement (THR), a frequent marker of THR quality and outcome.
The Effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid on the Respiration of Etiolated Pea Seedlings.

Since the report of Brown (6) that 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) increased the rate of carbon dioxide production from intact bean plants, many reports on the influence of 2,4-D on respiration have appeared in the literature. Smith (14) and Avery (1) have reviewed the literature which appeared before 1950. Some of the more recent papers are listed in the "Literature Cited" section of this paper (7, 8, 12, 17, 18). French and Beevers (7) suggest that the increase in respiration induced by 2,4-D, indoleacetic acid (IAA), and other plant growth substances is a result of the increase in growth induced by these substances. An increase in growth with an attendant increase in anabolic reactions would increase the supply of high energy phosphate acceptors, and thus, presumably, increase the rate of respiration. This suggestion was based, in part, on the findings that these plant growth substances, in the concentration range that increased the elongation of corn coleoptile segments, increased the respiration of the segments, while 2,4-dinitrophenol, which inhibited growth, also caused a marked increase in the rate of respiration. The work of Kelly and Avery (12) lends support to this interpretation. These workers found that, although the respiration of young pea stem tissue was markedly stimulated by 2,4-D, the respiration of tissue slices from older pea stem segments which had ceased to elongate was not increased by 2,4-D. Bonner and Bandurski (4), in their discussion of the action of IAA on respiration and growth, are inclined to a view similar to that of French and Beevers (7). This paper reports the results of an investigation on the phenomenon of respiratory stimulation by 2,4-D with respect to the qualitative and quantitative changes in the respiratory substrate. It is postulated that 2,4-D increases respiration by causing more glucose to be catabolized via the pentose phosphate path-
Placement of distributed energy storage via multidimensional scaling and clustering

Energy storage has long been proposed at the distribution level, where it can provide additional benefits via ancillary services. This work studies how to place energy storage units (ESU) on a distribution feeder in the most cost-effective manner while still meeting voltage regulation requirements. The feeder also has photovoltaic (PV) generation, and the PV ability to supply reactive power is considered. The placement of the ESU is performed via a fast heuristic, in which multidimensional scaling (MDS) is used to transform the combinatorial placement problem into a continuous-valued problem by mapping buses to points in a space. In the new space, clustering algorithms can be applied to determine the ESU locations from a set of candidate locations. The method reduces computation time by an order of magnitude, allowing for various distribution feeder configurations to be quickly compared.