cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Normal/Independent Distributions and Their Applications in Robust Regression

Abstract Maximum likelihood estimation with nonnormal error distributions provides one method of robust regression. Certain families of normal/independent distributions are particularly attractive for adaptive, robust regression. This article reviews the properties of normal/independent distributions and presents several new results. A major virtue of these distributions is that they lend themselves to EM algorithms for maximum likelihood estimation. EM algorithms are discussed for least Lp regression and for adaptive, robust regression based on the t, slash, and contaminated normal families. Four concrete examples illustrate the performance of the different methods on real data.
Hemorrhagic complications during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: prevention and treatment.

Abstract Hemorrhage related to systemic heparinization is the major complication of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is the most devastating complication. ICH developed in 13 of our 25 ECMO patients (52%). Six died, six survived with normal neurologic function, and one is severely impaired. In nine of 13 patients (69%) ECMO was discontinued when serial cranial ultrasounds showed progressive ICH. Seizures developed in six infants while receiving ECMO, and ICH developed in all. There is a correlation between hypertension and ICH. A hypertension index (hours systolic BP > 90/hours receiving ECMO) was 0.1 ± 0.12 for infants without ICH and 0.37 ± 0.28 for infants with ICH ( P 0.1. Twenty neck explorations were required in the first 20 patients for incisional bleeding (mean blood loss, 21.9 ± 18.0 mL/kg/d). We now use fibrin glue following cannulation and have done only one neck exploration in the last five patients (mean blood loss, 2.8 ± 2.2 mL/kg/d, P P
Orthographic word knowledge growth in school-age children.

Purpose Natural reading experiences provide an opportunity for the development of orthographic word knowledge as well as other forms of partial word knowledge. The purpose of this study was to comp...
Distance-Dependent Relaxation Shifts of Photoemission and Auger Energies for Xe on Pd(001)

Photoelectrons and Auger electrons from Xe in adsorbed multilayers of Xe on Pd(001) as well as on spacer layers of Kr on Pd(001) exhibit well-resolved increases in kinetic energy with decreasing distance from the surface (2-28 \AA{}), allowing a direct labeling of the layers. These relaxation shifts for core-hole excitations (0.9-2.1 eV) and for Auger excitations (3.3-6.6 eV) are well described by an image potential, where the position of the image plane agrees within 0.2 \AA{} with local-density functional theory.
"I Always Had My Instrument" The Story of Gabriella Ramires

The purpose of this instrumental case study is to better understand the academic, social and musical experiences of a Chicana music education student. Semi-structured interviews with a third-generation Chicana student at a Midwestern university explored her academic, social, and musical experiences that preceded her pursuit of an undergraduate music education degree. Due to the current level of academic and social success enjoyed by this student and her access to a wealth of social capital and successful academic models, she is presented as a critical case. Barriers to academic and social pursuits as well as resilience to these barriers related closely to aspects of identity navigation and social capital interaction in this student's experience. The role of music, music education, and specific music educators acted as crucial ingredients for her eventual success. Implications for music educators and researchers include a call for additional support and greater understanding of potentially marginalized student populations.
Evidence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding from spectroscopic data

Abstract The band widths of absorption and fluorescence spectra of many compounds have been measured. Empirically it has been observed that the values of band width are unusually large for compounds in which intermolecular hydrogen bonding takes place. In addition, the existence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding is indicated in 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PPD) and 2-phenyl-5-(4-biphenylyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD): - The bonding is assumed to take place between the nitrogen atoms on the central ring and hydrogen atoms on adjacent phenyl rings. Although bonding to a hydrogen atom on a phenyl ring is not readily achieved, a planar configuration is expected to facilitate this type of interaction in the above compounds.
Formation of the line of dehiscence in aedine mosquito eggs

Abstract Bleaching of eggs of Aedes aegypti L. between 25 and 50 hr of age induces the formation of a dark line which corresponds exactly to the line along which shell rupture occurs on hatching. Thus, in contrast to some earlier reports, the line of dehiscence is formed at a relatively early stage, rather than on completion, of embryogeny. The dark line artifact is located in the serosa rather than in the chorion of the shell. A structural modification of the transparent cuticle overlying the serosa can be demonstrated by means of phase contrast microscopy, but no structural alteration corresponding to a line of dehiscence can be demonstrated in the chorion. Formation of the cuticular line of dehiscence is an active process which can be inhibited by subjecting eggs to anoxic conditions at about 20 hr of age. Eggs thus treated show no line of dehiscence on maturation, and unhatched larvae, while responding to the hatching stimulus, are unable to rupture the egg shell. In addition, the position of the line of dehiscence can be altered by the application of centrifugal force during embryogeny. The cuticular line of dehiscence has been demonstrated in the eggs of four other species of aedine mosquitoes.
Electrode deactivation in the anodic voltammetry of some phenolic derivatives of isoquinoline

Abstract The anodic voltammetry of submillimolar concentrations of 7-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, and of the related compounds corypalline and coclaurine, has been examined at the rotating platinum microelectrode (RPE) and at the drum-activated platinum electrode (DAPE) of Berge and Strubing. The electrolysis of these compounds markedly deactivates the RPE, but has a much smaller effect upon the performance of the DAPE.
The Michigan swine health information management system

Abstract An information management system is described that combines information on physical, biological and financial aspects of market hog production. Data collection methods are described. Data on feed use were the most difficult to collect reliably on-farm. Off-farm, it was critical that health data at slaughter be obtained without disrupting normal hog marketing routines. A summary of diseases observed in market hogs at slaughter is provided. Sample size estimations to achieve statistical confidence in market hog disease prevalence rates at slaughter are presented for number of shioments per farm per year and number of hogs per shipment. Results indicate that slaughter health checks should be performed at least four times annually and at least 50 hogs should be evaluated per shipment. Recommendations for future efforts include decreasing the total amount of data to be collected and improving producer incentives to collect data.
Anti-Inflammatory Medication Adherence, Healthcare Utilization and Expenditures among Medicaid and Children’s Health Insurance Program Enrollees with Asthma

Background: Underuse of controller therapy among Medicaid-enrolled children is common and leads to more emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations. However, there is little evidence about the relationship between medication adherence, outcomes and costs once controller therapy is initiated. Objective: This study examined the relationship between adherence to two commonly prescribed anti-inflammatory medications, inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and leukotriene inhibitors (LI), and healthcare utilization and expenditures among children enrolled in Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program in Florida and Texas in the US. Methods: The sample for this retrospective observational study consisted of 18456 children aged 2–18 years diagnosed with asthma, who had been continuously enrolled for 24 months during 2004–7 and were on monotherapy with ICS or LI. State administrative enrolment files were linked to medical claims data. Children were grouped into three adherence categories based on the percentage of days per year they had prescriptions filled (medication possession ratio). Bivariate and multivariable regression analyses that adjusted for the children’s demographic and health characteristics were used to examine the relationship between adherence and ED visits, hospitalizations, and expenditures. Results: Average adherence was 20% for ICS-treated children and 28% for LI-treated children. Children in the highest adherence category had lower odds of an ED visit than those in the lowest adherence category (p < 0.001). We did not detect a statistically significant relationship between adherence and hospitalizations; however, only 3.7% of children had an asthma-related hospitalization. Overall asthma care expenditures increased with greater medication adherence. Conclusions: Although greater adherence was associated with lower rates of ED visits, higher medication expenditures outweighed the savings. The overall low adherence rates suggest that quality improvement initiatives should continue to target adherence regardless of the class of medication used. However, low baseline hospitalization rates may leave little opportunity to significantly decrease costs through better disease management, without also decreasing medication costs.
A joint performance model of TCP and TFRC with mobility management protocols

At the forefront of the recent advances in mobile networks, is the development of sophisticated mobility management mechanisms that are usually based on Mobile IP and its derivatives. Based on these mobility management protocols, several studies that characterize transport protocol performance have been presented. In this work we move one step further, and present a joint performance evaluation model of TCP and TFRC, with the underlying IP-based mobility protocols. We develop stochastic models that can characterize the protocol performance during handoffs between heterogeneous wireless networks like WLAN, cellular, or WMAN. We present performance evaluation results for validating the developed models under a set of different handoff scenarios. The developed model can be utilized as a basis for further analytical evaluation of new mobility management protocols, allowing thus a fast and accurate comparison. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistical emission of large fragments: A general theoretical approach

Abstract A theory for the statistical emission of large fragments is developed. In analogy with the fission saddle point, a ridge line in the potential energy surface is defined which controls the decay width of the system into any two given fragments. The normal modes at the ridge are separated into three classes: decay modes, amplifying modes, and non-amplifying modes. Amplifying modes are those whose thermal fluctuations are amplified and lead to a broadening of the kinetic energy distribution. Analytical expressions for the kinetic energy distributions are developed for various combinations of amplifying and non-amplifying modes. The limit for large amplifications is a Gaussian kinetic energy distribution. The limit for no amplification is a Maxwellian-like distribution. Thus the formalism comprehends the fission decay on one hand and the neutron evaporation on the other. The angular distributions are evaluated in terms of the ridge line principal moments of inertia. A general analytical expression has been derived which predicts, correctly in both limits, the angular distributions of the evaporated neutrons and of the fission fragments.
TIP CLEARANCE INVESTIGATION OF A DUCTED FAN USED IN VTOL UAVS PART 1: BASELINE EXPERIMENTS AND COMPUTATIONAL VALIDATION

Ducted fans that are popular choices in vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) offer a higher static thrust/power ratio for a given diameter than open propellers. Although ducted fans provide high performance in many VTOL applications, there are still unresolved problems associated with these systems. Fan rotor tip leakage flow is a significant source of aerodynamic loss for ducted fan VTOL UAVs and adversely affects the general aerodynamic performance of these vehicles. The present study utilized experimental and computational techniques in a 22” diameter ducted fan test system that has been custom designed and manufactured. Experimental investigation consisted of total pressure measurements using Kiel total pressure probes and real time six-component force and torque measurements. The computational technique used in this study included a 3D Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) based CFD model of the ducted fan test system. RANS simulations of the flow around rotor blades and duct geometry in the rotating frame of reference provided a comprehensive description of the tip leakage and passage flow. The experimental and computational analysis performed for various tip clearances were utilized in understanding the effect of the tip leakage flow on aerodynamic performance of ducted fans used in VTOL UAVs. The aerodynamic measurements and results of the RANS simulations showed good agreement especially near the tip region.
A Novel Wireless Local Positioning System via a Merger of DS-CDMA and Beamforming: Probability-of-Detection Performance Analysis Under Array Perturbations

This paper investigates the probability-of-detection (POD) performance of a novel wireless local positioning system (WLPS) realized via direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) and beamforming techniques. The proposed WLPS has unique signaling schemes that discriminate it from the traditional wireless systems and allows the WLPS to have many civilian and military applications. The WLPS consists of two main parts: 1) the detecting unit, a base station carried by a mobile unit defined as dynamic base station (DBS), and 2) the being detected unit, a transponder (TRX) that is mounted on the targets, each assigned a unique identification code. Each DBS should be capable of detecting and locating all available TRXs in its coverage area. As a result, the main complexity of this system is focused at the DBS receiver. In this paper, we introduce WLPS structure, and both theoretically and numerically compute, and compare the POD performance of the DBS receiver realized by a merger of DS-CDMA and antenna arrays. We also analyze and simulate the performance of this system under perturbations in the DBS antenna array vector. The simulations are particularly performed for vehicular collision avoidance applications
Human Telesupervision of Very Heterogeneous Planetary Robot Teams

Lunar and planetary surfaces are the most hostile working environments into which humans can be sent. The protective spacesuit is massive and cumbersome, with EVA mission time limited by both the suit’s resources and the astronaut’s stamina. To maintain human presence on the Moon and to expand it to Mars requires enormous investments in transportation and life support for each human. Therefore, successful and sustainable space exploration and operations must maximize the efficiency of every astronaut and keep them “as safe as reasonably achievable”. Towards this goal, tasks for which current robotic autonomy technologies are effective should be offloaded from the astronauts. However, whenever the limits of autonomy are reached, a human will need to intervene, preferably by telesupervising the robotic assets (thus reducing EVAs). Employing an effective telesupervision architecture to augment the ingenuity of a human supervisor with state-of-the-art autonomous systems results in a manifold increase in the human’s performance and a significant improvement in safety. This completely changes the risk profile of a mission, and allows astronauts to perform substantial amounts of hazardous work from a well-supplied operations base, such as an orbital station, a CEV, or a Lunar or Martian habitat. Telesupervised robotic systems have been identified as a key technology by the NASA Exploration Systems Mission Directorate, and are crucial to the success of the Vision for Space Exploration. However, very little applicable work has been done in the design of telesupervised system architectures, the appropriate mix of autonomy and remote control, and context switching between them, or in the testing and deployment of such systems. This paper focuses on the development of an advanced telesupervision system architecture that will provide a highly efficient approach to human-robot interaction while allowing very heterogeneous robotic assets to be deployed. These assets include exploration rovers and climbers; large autonomous miners and transporters; stationary ISRU processing plants, materials fabricators, and power stations; and construction and maintenance robots. We argue that for the telesupervisor to acquire the state of each varied robot and its environment involves not only telemetry and high-fidelity telepresence (including proprioceptive cues), but also a sensorial “playback” of the recent history of autonomous operation that will reveal the issues that led to the crisis that now requires assistance. Providing the framework within which this history and context are acquired and reproduced is crucial to a viable telesupervision architecture.
Papillary thyroid carcinoma associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Significance and treatment

Several studies in the recent literature would suggest that PTC found incidentally in the cervical lymphatics may be significant. By age alone, most of our head and neck cancer patients will fall into an intermediate risk group. There are also data to suggest that cervical metastasis from PTC may portend higher recurrence and mortality and that occult PTC may be a biologically significant situation. Many patients with cancer of the head and neck either have a good prognosis or don't follow the rules of their predicted prognosis, and for these patients living with the knowledge of an untreated thyroid, cancer may be an unnecessary concern. Other factors to be considered are that early PTC is probably curable disease and that there is real risk of transformation to higher grade or anaplastic cancer. Finally, there is no way to accurately predict the behavior of PTC. The decision to treat these cancers is ultimately made by the patient and the physician, and if there is a treatment with low morbidity that will alleviate concern of PTC recurrence, then this may outweigh the risk of treatment. Situations may exist when treating incidental PTC could be deferred. These include: a dismal prognosis for the head and neck primary when quality time outside of the hospital is the goal of the patient and the physician; or if the head and neck primary tumor requires external beam radiation therapy, because this may be adequate therapy for occult PTC. In summary, the scenario of PTC found incidentally in the neck treated for a head and neck SCC is unusual. Each patient will have a unique clinical situation based on the site and stage of the SCC, the age of the patient, and the treatment required for the SCC. Treatment options include total thyroidectomy, thyroid lobectomy, the administration of I131, and/or the use of external beam radiation, which must be weighed against the option of close clinical follow-up. In general, we recommend total thyroidectomy for PTC found incidentally in the cervical LNs for the reasons that have emerged from a recent review of the medical literature. We report 7 patients with synchronous head nad neck SCC and PTC who have all received surgical treatment for PTC (Table 1). In addition, we advocate postoperative radioiodine scanning with radioablation of metastatic or persistent PTC, or remnant ablation if uptake is greater than 2%. Our goal as head and neck surgeons should be to avoid inadequate therapy for incidental PTC.
Immune responses to the R4 protein antigen of group B streptococci and its relationship to other streptococcal R4 proteins.

The R antigen, a trypsin-resistant protein observed in group A, C, F, G, and L streptococci, has also been found in group B streptococci (GBS). Although four species of the R antigen have been described for GBS, the R4 protein is the most prevalent in GBS isolates recovered from humans. This study examined the prevalence of antibodies against the R4 antigen by Western blot (immunoblot) (WB) in sera from 40 mothers colonized with GBS serotype II and III and from 26 noncolonized mothers; 92.5% of the colonized mothers had anti-R4 antibodies, compared with 54% of the noncolonized mothers (P 640, 64% had a positive WB for anti-R4 antibody, compared with 30% of individuals with low anti-DNase B titers (P < 0.05). The R4 antigen of GBS had immunologic identity to the R4 antigen of group A streptococci. Overall, the findings suggested that antibodies to the streptococcal R4 antigen were commonly present in GBS-colonized mothers and that transplacental passage of these antibodies occurred. The presence of antibody to R4 in non-GBS-colonized individuals may be due to immunologic responses to past exposure to the R antigen present in GBS or other streptococcal groups.
The effects of unbalanced networks and unbalanced faults on induction motor transient stability

The effects of an unbalanced distribution system, unbalanced single-phase loads, and unbalanced network faults on the transient behavior of a three-phase induction motor are evaluated. Results are presented to illustrate that a significant error can be made under certain conditions by ignoring unbalance or even by simulating such a system by an equivalent balanced one. >
Family Background and Genius

Results: Incidence of one or both parents in the same occupation was only 1% for literary prizewinners but 16% for eminent noncreative persons (P < 0.0001). The predominant (76%) family background constellation for prizewinners consisted of parent–child sex congruency either in applied-equivalent occupations requiring language, persuasion, or artisan skills (P < 0.0001, compared with control subjects) or in unrelated occupations with unfulfilled wishes for creative expression. Conclusions: Outstanding literary prizewinners do not manifest direct inheritance of creativity from their parents; instead, parents and children of the same sex are predominantly in applied-equivalent or performance occupations and have unfulfilled creative wishes. We suggest that early developmental influences on child motivation involve identification and competition with the parent of the same sex. (Can J Psychiatry 2004;49:185–191)
PHOTOVOLTAICS CHARACTERIZATION : A SURVEY OF DIAGNOSTIC MEASUREMENTS

The advancement of the photovoltaic technology is closely linked to the standard evaluation of the product, the diagnosis of problems, the validation of materials and cell properties, and the engineering and documentation of the ensemble of device properties from internal interfaces through power outputs. The focus of this paper is on some of the more common, visible, and important techniques dealing with physical-chemical through electro-optical parameters, which are linked intimately to the performance quality of materials and devices. Two areas, defined by their spatial-resolution qualities, are emphasized: macroscale and microscale measurement technologies. The importance, strengths, and limitations of these techniques are stressed, especially their significance to photovoltaics. Included are several techniques that have been developed specifically to address problems and requirements for photovoltaics. The regime of measurement literally covers arrays through atoms.
Urinary Tract Abnormalities in the Nephrotic Syndrome Seven Cases Demonstrating Such an Association

Seven children of 21 consecutive admissions referred for management of the nephrotic syndrome were found to have congenital anomalies of the genitourinary tract. No cause and effect relationship between these struc tural anomalies and the origin or course of the nephrotic syndrome could be established, but further study of this possibility is firmly indicated.
Dual-643 GHz and 874 GHz Airborne Radiometers for Ice Cloud Measurements

In this paper, recently developed dual polarization 643 GHz and single polarization 874 GHz receivers for airborne CoSSIR, Compact Scanning Sub-millimeter wave Imaging Radiometer were utilized for ice cloud measurements. The results show that the brightness temperature map clearly demonstrates the recent advance in sub-millimeter wave radiometry for ice cloud sensing. The 874 GHz radiometer greatly improves the CoSSIR sensitivity to small ice particles. This implies that CoSSIR is able to pick up the measurements of ice clouds where the visible and inferred approaches left behind, i.e. saturated. The polarization measurement capability at 643 GHz can provide information on particle shapes, as well as improve the accuracy of the ice cloud parameters retrievals, e.g., ice water path and particle size.
Trends and demographics in hip arthroscopy in the United States.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the trends and report on the demographics of patients undergoing hip arthroscopy in the United States. Methods Patients who underwent hip arthroscopy from 2004 to 2009 were identified by searching Current Procedural Terminology codes in the PearlDiver Patient Records Database (PearlDiver Technologies, Fort Wayne, IN), a national database of orthopaedic insurance records. The year of procedure, age, gender, and region of the United States were recorded for each patient. Results were reported for each variable as the incidence of procedures identified per 10,000 patients searched in the database. Results In total, 3,447 cases of hip arthroscopy were identified between 2004 and 2009. The incidence of procedures increased significantly over the study period, from 1.20 cases per 10,000 patients in 2004 to 5.58 in 2009 ( P P P = .18). The greatest incidence of hip arthroscopy was observed in the Western region with an incidence of 5.24 cases identified compared with 2.94, 2.70, and 2.56 in the Northeast, Midwest, and South, respectively ( P Conclusions A 365% increase in the rate of hip arthroscopy was observed in the examined cohort of patients between 2004 and 2009. The majority of cases were performed in patients aged 20 to 39 years, with no difference in gender. The Western region of the United States was found to have a higher incidence of hip arthroscopy compared with the Midwest, South, and Northeast. Level of Evidence Level IV, cross-sectional study.
Drosophila coracle, a member of the protein 4.1 superfamily, has essential structural functions in the septate junctions and developmental functions in embryonic and adult epithelial cells.

Although extensively studied biochemically, members of the Protein 4.1 superfamily have not been as well characterized genetically. Studies of coracle, a Drosophila Protein 4.1 homologue, provide an opportunity to examine the genetic functions of this gene family. coracle was originally identified as a dominant suppressor of EgfrElp, a hypermorphic form of the Drosophila Epidermal growth factor receptor gene. In this article, we present a phenotypic analysis of coracle, one of the first for a member of the Protein 4.1 superfamily. Screens for new coracle alleles confirm the null coracle phenotype of embryonic lethality and failure in dorsal closure, and they identify additional defects in the embryonic epidermis and salivary glands. Hypomorphic coracle alleles reveal functions in many imaginal tissues. Analysis of coracle mutant cells indicates that Coracle is a necessary structural component of the septate junction required for the maintenance of the transepithelial barrier but is not necessary for apical–basal polarity, epithelial integrity, or cytoskeletal integrity. In addition, coracle phenotypes suggest a specific role in cell signaling events. Finally, complementation analysis provides information regarding the functional organization of Coracle and possibly other Protein 4.1 superfamily members. These studies provide insights into a range of in vivo functions for coracle in developing embryos and adults.
Efficiency investigation of manifold matching for text document classification

Manifold matching works to identify embeddings of multiple disparate data spaces into the same low-dimensional space, where joint inference can be pursued. It is an enabling methodology for fusion and inference from multiple and massive disparate data sources. In this paper three methods of manifold matching are considered: PoM, which stands for Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) composed with Procrustes; CCA (Canonical Correlation Analysis) and JOFC (Joint Optimization of Fidelity and Commensurability). We present a comparative efficiency investigation of the three methods for a particular text document classification application.
Dynamic output feedback control of gas furnaces via fuzzy modeling

The paper addresses the control problem of complex plants, using state space realizations derived from Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models. In particular, a state feedback controller, based on the estimated state information, is proposed for the regulation of gas furnaces. The method described comprises procedures to design a converging state estimator and a stabilizing controller respectively. It is shown that if the estimator and controller gains satisfy an additional sufficient condition then the observer-based closed loop is stable. Simulation studies on the fuzzy model of the gas furnace process verify the result.
Nest Desertion by Field Sparrows and its Possible Influence on the Evolution of Cowbird Behavior

Abstract In this study, Field Sparrows (Spizella pusilla) deserted 46% of nests, parasitized by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) and only 1% of unparasitized nests suggesting that desertion functions primarily as an antiparasite defense. Sparrows did not desert nests following various clutch manipulations that are often associated with parasitism, indicating that desertion was not in response to the presence of cowbird eggs. Sparrows often deserted nests following encounters with real or mounted cowbirds, suggesting that nest desertion is a response to adult cowbirds. Sparrows deserted nests only in stages most vulnerable to the effects of parasitism. That finding is consistent with the possibility that desertion is a parasite-specific response. Sparrows arrived at nests earlier in the day at our Illinois site, where parasitism was greater, than in Missouri. Our findings confirm that host vigilance can prevent successful parasitism, and we provide the first direct evidence that encounters with cowbi...
Diminished satiation in rats exposed to elevated levels of endogenous or exogenous cholecystokinin

Rats maintained on a high-fat (HF) diet exhibit reduced sensitivity to the satiation-producing effect of exogenous CCK. Because more CCK is released in response to HF meals than low-fat (LF) meals,...
Implications of Sense of Place and Place-Based Education for Ecological Integrity and Cultural Sustainability in Diverse Places

Emotional and intellectual estrangement – or even the outright eviction – of people from places personally and culturally important to them is rampant in this time of anthropic sprawl, economic globalization, and cultural homogenization. Placelessness (Relph 1976) unmoors individuals, often with detrimental effects to self-identity and well-being. Mass displacement, typically to suit the economic or political purposes of others, removes aboriginal or historically resident populations, each of which possesses a diachronic collective memory of local environmental processes and cycles, hard-won expertise in how to dwell sustainably in a place, and usually the most vested interest in preserving that place. Contested places are the loci of past, ongoing, and potential future conflicts and displacements, which threaten ecological integrity (Nabhan 1997) and cultural sustainability (Cernea 2000) around the globe.
Public Timber Policy and the Wood-Products Industry

The wood-products industry, which produces lumber, plywood, and various other wood products, is an important sector of the overall economy. Numerous regional and local economies are highly dependent upon the production of wood products, which are also important inputs to other industries, especially housing. It has been estimated that 14 percent of the cost of a new single-family home consists of expenditures on lumber and wood products. The slump in housing starts that accompanied the recent recession severely impacted the wood-products industry. This impact was most serious in western states where many producers are dependent upon public timber supplies. A number of important policy questions have been raised because of apparent causality in this relationship between the public and private sectors.
The Nurse Education and Transition (NEAT) model: educating the hospitalized patient with diabetes

The number of patients with a diabetes mellitus (DM)-related diagnosis is increasing, yet the number of hospital-based diabetes educators is being reduced. Interest in determining effective ways for staff nurses to deliver diabetes education (DE) is mounting. The purpose of this multi-phase feasibility study was to develop and evaluate the Nurse Education and Transition (NEAT) inpatient DM education model. Exploratory focus groups were conducted with staff nurses from inpatient units at academic tertiary and community hospitals to gain insight into barriers, content, delivery and support mechanisms related to providing DE to hospitalized patients. Findings informed the development of the NEAT model, which included a delivery protocol and toolkit with brief educational videos on key diabetes topics uploaded onto iPads, patient assessments and “teach back” tools, a discharge survival skills summary sheet, and guidelines for electronic medical record documentation and scheduling outpatient DE visits. Trained staff nurses used NEAT to deliver DE to hospitalized patients with DM and then participated in follow-up focus groups to assess their experiences, with particular attention to the usefulness of NEAT in meeting the needs of nurses related to the delivery of diabetes survival skill education. Information generated was analyzed to identify emerging key themes. Exploratory focus groups revealed that staff nurses view teaching patients with DM as part of their job, but report barriers. Nurses agreed that inpatient DE should be designed to assure safety after discharge and advised that it be patient-centered, targeted, assessment-based and user friendly. Nurses who participated in the delivery of NEAT found that the process and tools met the majority of the basic DE needs of their patients while relieving their workload. In particular, they reported that video and iPad technology provided a convenient and standardized method for facilitating teaching at the bedside, but requested that an interactive feedback mechanism be added to encourage patient self-knowledge assessment. This study presents challenges staff nurses face in providing DE to hospitalized patients and identifies opportunities and strategies for improving content and delivery to ensure safe transition of patients with DM from hospital to outpatient setting.
Carcinome de Merkel : peut-on se passer de radiothérapie adjuvante pour certains patients ?

Introduction Le carcinome de Merkel est un cancer cutane rare mais aggressif, avec une mortalite de 46 %. Alors que l’exerese chirurgicale fait partie de la prise en charge initiale standard, l’interet de la radiotherapie post-operatoire n’est pas clairement etabli pour le controle local de la maladie. Une etude retrospective de 1254 patients a revele que 39 % des patients traites par chirurgie seule ont recidive localement, par rapport a seulement 12 % des patients traites par chirurgie et radiotherapie. En revanche, dans une autre cohorte de 243 patients traites par chirurgie seule, seulement 3,8 % ont recidive localement. Afin d’etablir une meilleure qualite de soins pour les patients a faible risque, nous avons tente de resoudre cette divergence de la literature. Patients et methodes Au sein d’une cohorte de 1057 patients porteurs d’un CM entre 2004 et 2014, nous avons mene une etude retrospective pour identifier les patients « a faible risque » reunissant les 5 criteres d’inclusion suivants : – tumeur primitive ≤ 2 cm de diametre ; – marges d’exerese microscopiquement negatives ; – absence d’invasion angiolymphatique dans la tumeur primitive ; – absence de immunodepression chronique ; – absence de metastase ganglionnaire dans le ganglion sentinelle. Ils ont ete suivis longitudinalement pour capturer l’existence ou non d’une radiotherapie post-operatoire et d’une recidive locale et la survie. Resultats Quarante-neuf patients repondaient aux 5 criteres de risque faible et avaient des donnees de suivi adequates. Vingt et un ont ete traites par chirurgie seule, 28 ont recu une radiotherapie adjuvante post-operatoire au site de la tumeur primitive. Les 2 groupes etaient comparables en termes d’âge median au diagnostic et de sexe. Quatre patients ont recidive localement (19 %) parmi ceux traites par chirurgie en monotherapie, tandis qu’il n’y eut aucune recidive chez les patients traites par chirurgie et radiotherapie adjuvante. La survie specifique de la maladie etait similaire dans les 2 groupes. Discussion Le caractere retrospectif de l’etude et le large interval de recrutement des patients doivent nous rendre prudents quant a l’interpretation d’une relation de cause a effet. Neanmoins, nos resultats semblent indiquer qu’il existe un risque non negligeable de recidive locale du CM en cas d’exerese chirurgicale seule meme chez les patients a faible risque initial. Bien que ce risque puisse etre acceptable pour certains patients, l’ajout une radiotherapie adjuvante peut reduire le risque de recidive locale. En revanche, elle ne semble pas influencer le developpement de metastases a distances et le risque de deces lie a la maladie. Il est donc legitime de discuter au cas par cas de la relation benefice-risque de la radiotherapie locale chez les patients porteurs d’un CM. Conclusion Meme les patients ayant un CM a faible risque presentent une chance non-negligeable de recidive locale en cas de monotherapie chirurgicale.
Raman and ESR Spectroscopic Studies of Accelerator Systems. I. Raman Spectra of Thiuram Sulfides and Related Compounds

Abstract The Raman spectra of similar thiuram type materials are intense and very distinctive. Raman spectroscopy should prove to be an excellent analytical tool for studying complex mixture of thiuram type materials resulting from the chemical reactions that occur at vulcanizing temperatures.
Smoking Cessation Therapy in Pregnancy

Objective: To determine the safety and efficacy of pharmacologic therapy for smoking cessation in pregnancy by conducting a review of current literature, focusing on controlled clinical trials. Data Sources: A MEDLINE search (1966-May 2006) of English-language, human clinical trials was conducted. Key search terms included nicotine, nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, smoking cessation, and pregnancy. In addition, relevant articles were cross-referenced to screen for additional information. Study Selection/Data Extraction: Studies were chosen for further review if they were randomized, controlled, long-term evaluations of the safety and/or efficacy of pharmacologic therapy for smoking cessation in pregnancy. A total of 5 trials met the criteria for review. Data Synthesis: Controlled clinical trials of smoking cessation therapy in pregnant women are limited. Three trials have examined the long-term use of nicotine replacement products. Neither of the 2 placebo-controlled trials found a statistically significant difference in abstinence rates between women receiving transdermal nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and placebo. However, transdermal nicotine products appeared to be safe in this population. No long-term studies have evaluated use of other nicotine replacement products in pregnant women. Bupropion has demonstrated efficacy in smoking cessation in pregnancy, but the data are limited. Conclusions: Transdermal NRT appears to be safe in pregnant women, although its efficacy is unclear. Information on other NRT formulations in pregnancy is unavailable. Bupropion may be a nonnicotine alternative for smoking cessation in pregnancy, but data are currently incomplete. Further studies are needed to determine the ideal population for treatment, the timing of initiation, appropriate monitoring, and the optimal length of therapy.
Leading Clinicians and Clinicians Leading

More effective models of care delivery are needed, but their successful implementation depends on effective care teams and good management of local operations (clinical microsystems). Clinicians influence both, and local clinician leaders will have several key tasks.
STUDYING THE PORE STRUCTURE OF SANDSTONE BY RESISTIVITY LOGGING

The pore structure character of sandstone reservoir is the base of exerting the productivity of sandstone reservoir and enhancing the recovery efficiency of oil/gas.It can be used to study the pore structure character of reservoir rapidly and efficiently by introducing the resistivity logging data,and provide a solid guarantee for the exploration and exploitation.According to the simplified physics conducting model,the formula can be conducted which can compute the pore structure parameter of sandstone reservoir.Moreover,based on the data of one oilfield,it carries out computation and gets a good result.
Stability and Change in Executive Function Abilities from Late Adolescence to Early Adulthood: A Longitudinal Twin Study.

Executive functions (EFs)-the higher level cognitive abilities that enable us to control our own thoughts and actions-continue to develop into early adulthood, yet no longitudinal study has examined their stability during the important life transition from late adolescence to young adulthood. In this twin study (total N = 840 individuals from 424 families), we examined the stability of individual differences in 3 EF components across a 6-year period, from approximately age 17 years (Wave 1) to 23 years (Wave 2). Specifically, we address the following questions: (a) How stable are individual differences in multiple EFs across this time period? and (b) What (genetic and/or environmental) influences affect stability and change in EFs? Results indicated that individual differences in EFs are quite stable across this 6-year period (phenotypic latent variable correlations ranged from 0.86 to 1.0). However, there was evidence for change, particularly in the factor common to multiple EFs (Common EF). Multivariate twin models suggested that stability was due almost entirely to high genetic correlations across time; there was no new genetic variance at Wave 2. Change in Common EF was due to small but significant nonshared environmental influences at Wave 2 (15%). The results suggest that individual differences in EFs are quite heritable and stable by late adolescence, yet are still sensitive to environmental influences.
Morphologic and functional alterations of intestinal segments following urinary diversion

The current study was undertaken to determine the effect of chronic urinary diversion on both the morphology and absorptive function of intestine. Adult female Wistar rats (N = 8) underwent urinary diversion by interposing a 10-12 cm. segment of distal ileum between the bladder and sigmoid colon following urethral ligation. Control animals (N = 8) underwent sham laparotomies. Three months later, the diverted segment and a 10-12 cm. segment of distal ileum in control animals were studied. The intestinal segments were studied morphologically by both light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. By using a previously reported in vivo intestinal perfusion model, the transport properties of the intestinal segments were examined. There were prominent and consistent morphological alterations in the diverted segments when compared with normal ileum. These changes consisted of marked mucosal atrophy evidenced by loss of microvilli with decreased villi-to-crypt ratio in diverted segments. Diverted ileum secreted more sodium and absorbed less chloride than normal ileum though this difference was not statistically significant. Water flux into the intestinal lumen was higher in diverted bowel (p = .06). The absorption of ammonium, potassium, and urea, as well as bicarbonate secretion, was the same in the diverted ileum as in normal ileum. There was also no significant difference in pH change or osmolar flux between the two groups. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that despite morphological changes as a result of chronic exposure of urine, intestinal segments continue to transport urinary solutes similar to normal nondiverted segments. This represents the first convincing evidence that the reason for the low incidence of metabolic alterations following urinary diversion is not due to decreased absorptive capacity of the intestinal mucosa.
Pars plana vitrectomy and direct diathermy for complications of multiple retinal angiomas

A 16-year-old female had multiple retinal capillary angiomas, complicated by marked retinal and optic disc neovascularization, preretinal membranes, and retinal detachment in her right eye. Pars plana lensectomy, vitrectomy, fluid/gas exchange, direct transvitreal diathermy of the angiomas, endolaser scatter photocoagulation, and scleral buckling resulted in retinal reattachment and regression of the neovascularization. Although additional surgery was necessary for recurrent tractional retinal detachment, long-term retinal reattachment and stable vision was achieved following obliteration of all angiomas.
Beyond RAS and BRAF: a target rich disease that is ripe for picking

Despite numerous breakthroughs in the understanding of colorectal cancer and identification of many oncogenic mutations, the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer remains relatively more empiric than targeted. Testing for mutations in rat sarcoma virus (RAS) and rapidly growing fibrosarcoma (RAF) are routinely performed, though identification of these mutations currently offers little more than a negative predictive marker for response to EGFR inhibitor treatment and, in the case of RAF mutation, a poor prognostic indicator. Next-generation sequencing has identified both common and rare mutations in colorectal cancer that offer options for more advanced, targeted therapy. With so much research invested in these targets, the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer stands to become much more personalized in the near future. This review describes several of the more promising targets that are currently being investigated in advanced colorectal cancer.
Effect of Zr Inhibitor on Corrosion of Haynes 230 and NS-163 Alloys in Flinak

The intrinsic corrosion behavior of Haynes 230 and NS-163 alloys after adding corrosion inhibitor Zr to LiF-NaF-KF (FLiNaK) salts was evaluated. Thermodynamic modeling studies were performed to investigate the compatibility of Haynes alloys for solar thermal energy storage applications in the molten salts. Equilibrium conditions were considered for predicting the corrosion products and weight loss of salts at higher temperatures (700 – 1000°C). Weight loss of FLiNaK salt after corrosion with or without inhibitor is less than 5%, indicating no significant change in compositions of FLiNaK even with Zr inhibitor. Furthermore, to compare with experimental data, modeling calculation with known amount of trace impurities (Ni2+, Fe3+ and so on) added to the molten salts, shows similar trend and corrosion product with and without Zr inhibitor.