cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Visual sensitivities of nur77 (NGFI-B) and zif268 (NGFI-A) induction in the suprachiasmatic nucleus are dissociated from c-fos induction and behavioral phase-shifting responses

Mammalian circadian rhythms are regulated by a pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Recent work from several laboratories has shown that light induces the IEGs, c-fos and jun-B, in the rodent suprachiasmatic nucleus. In hamsters, there is a strong correlation between circadian entrainment and the induction of c-fos and jun-B in the suprachiasmatic nucleus by light. Previous work has shown that the IEGs, nur77 and zif268, both of which encode transcription factors, are also light-inducible in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus [Rusak, B., McNaughton, L., Robertson, H.A. and Hunt, S.P., Circadian variation in photic regulation of IEG mRNAs in rat suprachiasmatic nucleus cells, Mol. Brain Res., 14 (1992) 124-130.; Sutin, E.L. and Kilduff, T.S., Circadian and light-induced expression of IEG mRNAs in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus, Mol. Brain Res., 15 (1992) 281-290.]. To characterize the photic-regulation of these genes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of golden hamsters, we used in situ hybridization to measure nur77 and zif268 mRNA levels with 33P-labeled complementary RNA probes. 5-min monochromatic light pulses at CT19 induced a dramatic increase in both nur77 and zif268 mRNA levels. Peak mRNA levels occurred 45-60 min after light onset for both nur77 and zif268. In addition, the induction of both nur77 and zif268 mRNA levels was gated by the circadian pacemaker. Light pulses during subjective day (CT3 and CT9), which do not cause behavioral phase-shifts, did not significantly alter mRNA levels of either nur77 or zif268; whereas light pulses during the subjective night (CT14 and CT19), which induce phase-shifts, dramatically increased both nur77 and zif268 mRNA levels. In contrast to c-fos induction, which has a photic threshold indistinguishable from that of the behavioral phase-shifting response, nur77 and zif268 mRNA induction were found to have visual sensitivities greater than the phase-shifting response by 1-2 log units (10-100-fold). Although light and circadian phase regulate nur77 and zif268 expression in the SCN, these results demonstrate that their induction is not rate-limiting for photic entrainment of the hamster circadian system.
Global Auto: The ERP Implementation Project

AbstractIf successfully implemented and managed, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems can provide important benefits to organizations. In this case study the implementation of an ERP system at global automotive supplier company (Global Auto) is discussed in detail. After successfully implementing the system at a major factory in the United States, Global Auto now has to decide how to proceed with the implementation in a totally different setting, the plant in Mexico.
Analysis of emotional indicators in human figure drawings as related to self-esteem.

2 groups of 10- through 13-yr.-old children were separated for high and low self-esteem, and given a human figure-drawing task. Figures drawn were Man, Woman, Self, and Eskimo. Subsequently, the drawings were scored on six emotional indicators such as body height and width, area, erasures, transparencies, and omissions. The results do not offer consistent support for the body-image hypothesis as related to self-esteem. Ss did not differ in terms of drawn size of Self figure, nor did Ss high in self-esteem draw significantly larger figures across all drawings as compared with those low in self-esteem. Although the latter drew significantly more transparencies, no other conflict indicators were significant in comparing groups of Ss low and high in esteem.
Kinetics of the anti-tumor delayed hypersensitivity response in mice with progressively growing tumors: stimulation followed by specific suppression.

At various times during the progressive growth of transplanted SV40 and methylcholanthrene fibrosarcomas in mice the delayed hypersensitivity (DH) response to tumor cells was determined using a quantitative radioisotopic foot-pad assay. For the first 7 days a close correlation was found between tumor size and the degree of DH reactivity. After this time, as the tumor grew larger, the DH response declined to non-detectable levels. Following excision of the tumors the DH response returned to a high level. This suppression, or “eclipse”, of the anti-tumor cellular immune response in animals bearing tumors beyond a certain size was specific for the types of tumor used. The spleen lymphocytes from unresponsive tumor-bearing mice still supported a positive DH reaction when mixed with tumor cells and injected into the foot-pads of normal mice. Cinetique de la Reaction D'Hypersensibilite Antitumorale Retardee Chez les Souris Atteintes de Tumeurs Croissantes: Stimulation Suivie D'Une Suppression Specifique Au cours de la croissance progressive de fibrosarcomes induits par le SV40 et le methylcholanthrene et greffes sur des souris, les auteurs ont determine a diverses reprises la reaction d'hypersensibilite retardee (DH) a l'egard des cellules tumorales au moyen d'un test radioisotopique quantitatif sur les pelotes digitales. Les 7 premiers jours, ils ont observe une correlation etroite entre la taille de la tumeur et le degre de DH. Par la suite, a mesure que la tumeur se developpe, la DH diminue jusqu'a un niveau ou elle n'est plus decelable. Apres excision des tumeurs, la DH revient a un niveau eleve. Cette disparition ou “eclipse” de la reponse immunitaire antitumorale chez les animaux porteurs de tumeurs depassant une certaine dimension est specifique du type de tumeur utilise. Les lymphocytes spleniques des souris cancereuses qui ne reagissaient pas provoquaient quand měme une reaction positive lorsqu'on les melangeait a des cellules tumorales et qu'on les injectait dans les pelotes digitales de souris normales.
The Association between Self-Reported Energy Intake and Intra-Abdominal Adipose Tissue in Perimenopausal Women

We have previously shown that physical activity predicts intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAT), but it is unknown whether energy intake predicts IAT independently of physical activity in a community-based, naturalistic environment. The association of energy intake with IAT was explored cross-sectionally in women, recruited between 2002 and 2005 for a study of fat patterning in midlife. IAT at L 4-L 5 vertebral interspace was assessed by computed tomography, energy intake by the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire, and physical activity by the Kaiser Physical Activity Survey. Linear regression models were used for the principal analyses. Among the 257 women, 48% were African American and 52% were Caucasian. Women were 5 2 ± 3 years old, and 49% were postmenopausal. Every 500 kcal increase in energy intake was associated with a 6% higher IAT ( 𝑃 = 0 . 0 2 ), independent of physical activity ( 𝑃 = 0 . 0 2 ), after adjustment for ethnicity, menopausal status, age, smoking, income, and DXA-assessed percent body fat. Energy intake had a significant interaction with ethnicity ( 𝑃 = 0 . 0 2 ), but not with physical activity. Models using the IAT to subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue ratio as an outcome had similar associations. In conclusion, self-reported EI was associated with preferential IAT accumulation in midlife women, independent of physical activity. This association was significantly stronger in Caucasian than African American women. Future longitudinal studies are needed to explore lifestyle predictors of IAT accumulation during the menopausal transition.
Both corepressor proteins SMRT and N-CoR exist in large protein complexes containing HDAC3.

We present evidence that both corepressors SMRT and N‐CoR exist in large protein complexes with estimated sizes of 1.5–2 MDa in HeLa nuclear extracts. Using a combination of conventional and immunoaffinity chromatography, we have successfully isolated a SMRT complex and identified histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and transducin (β)‐like I (TBL1), a WD‐40 repeat‐containing protein, as the subunits of the purified SMRT complex. We show that the HDAC3‐containing SMRT and N‐CoR complexes can bind to unliganded thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) in vitro . We demonstrate further that in Xenopus oocytes, both SMRT and N‐CoR also associate with HDAC3 in large protein complexes and that injection of antibodies against HDAC3 or SMRT/N‐CoR led to a partial relief of repression by unliganded TR/RXR. These findings thus establish both SMRT and N‐CoR complexes as bona fide HDAC‐containing complexes and shed new light on the molecular pathways by which N‐CoR and SMRT function in transcriptional repression.
Phototacs: an image-based cell phone interface

As new features have been added to cellular phones, their user interfaces have become increasingly complex, making it difficult for people with cognitive or visual impairments to use them. This paper describes the development and preliminary testing of a simplified, intuitive image-based cell phone interface.
The efficiency of linear equilibria of sealed-bid double auctions

Abstract This paper modifies Myerson and Satterthwaite's ( J. Econ. Theory 29 (1983), 265–281) analysis of direct bilateral-trade mechanisms with two-sided incomplete information by developing a new technique for analyzing their payment rule restrictions. For each member of a narrow class of beliefs, this new technique defines a mechanism that is both ex ante efficient and ex post individually rational. Moreover, the resulting allocation is shown to be equivalent to that generated by the linear equilibrium of a k -double auction.
Continuously distributed random variables in factorial designs.

Abstract Age as a variable in lifespan research usually is sampled as several age blocks which, in turn, are combined with additional variables in a factorial design. Sampling a continuous variable in discrete blocks increases the difficulty in obtaining adequate sampling, reduces power, and prevents a fine grain analysis of age × treatment interactions. Age can be sampled as a continuously distributed variable, factorially combined with treatment groups, and analyzed as an analysis of variance by the use of regression analysis and comparison of multiple R 2 coefficients. The advantages of such a sampling strategy include both practical sampling advantages as well as statistical advantages when compared with the usual sampling approach.
Grunsky inequalities and Fredholm spectrum in general domains

We discuss the Fredholm spectrum for general domains and study its applications to conformal and quasi-conformal mappings. In particular, we establish an improvement of the Grunsky inequalities which is valid for general domains. This improvement constitutes an extension of a recent result of Schiffer concerning the sharpening of Grunsky inequalities for the unit disk by a factor smaller than 1, and which is the reciprocal of the least Fredholm eigenvalue of the smooth simply-connected image domain.
Experimental Investigation of Combustion of Jet Fuels and Surrogates in Nonpremixed Flows

Experimental studies are carried out to characterize nonpremixed combustion of jet fuels and a number of their surrogatesinlaminarnonuniform flows.Thecounterflowconfigurationisemployed.Criticalconditionsofextinction and autoignition are measured for jet propellant 8, Jet-A, and Fisher–Tropsch jet propellant 8. Thirteen surrogates of jetpropellant 8andone surrogate of Fisher–Tropsch jet propellant 8are tested. Itis foundthat criticalconditions of extinction and autoignition of jet propellant 8 and Jet-A are similar, while Fisher–Tropsch jet propellant 8 is morereactivethanjetpropellant8andJet-A.Amongthesurrogatestested,surrogateH[madeupofn-decane(80%) and 1, 3, 5-trimethylbenzene (20%) by liquid volume] and surrogate C [made up of n-dodecane (60%), methylcyclohexane (20%), and o-xylene (20%) by liquid volume] best reproduce extinction and autoignition characteristics of jet propellant 8. Surrogate G [made up ofn-decane (60%) and iso-octane (40%) by liquid volume] best reproduces the combustion characteristics of Fisher–Tropsch jet propellant 8.
Cadmium application and pH effects on growth and cadmium accumulation in switchgrass

Recent efforts have been initiated to develop switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), which requires nitrogen (N) for productivity, as a bioenergy crop. Alternatives to inorganic fertilizers are needed to reduce input costs and maintain a positive energy balance. Municipal sludge may be an economical source of N and other nutrients for biomass production but switchgrass's response to heavy metals in the sludge is unknown. A study was conducted to determine the interaction of soil pH and Cd application on biomass accumulation and Cd allocation of switchgrass. ‘Alamo’ switchgrass was grown in pots at five soil pH levels (4.0, 5.1, 5.8, 6.6, and 7.3) and four soil Cd levels (0, 50, 100, and 200 mg Cd kg−1). Two hundred milligrams Cd kg−1 decreased biomass accumulation of all plant components by 95%. Cadmium concentrations of 900 mg kg−1 were found in root tissue of plants grown in soil with 200 mg Cd kg−1 and a pH of 4.0. Soil pH should be maintained near neutral to minimize Cd accumulation by switchgrass. †Resea...
Kinetics and Mechanism of Cationic Surfactant Adsorption and Coadsorption with Cationic Polyelectrolytes at the Silica−Water Interface

We used scanning angle reflectometry to measure the adsorption isotherm, adsorption kinetics, and desorption kinetics for cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactants on negatively charged silica surfaces. The initial adsorption rate increased with increasing CTAB concentrations between approximately 0.2 x cmc and 10 x cmc, displaying a discontinuous increase at the critical micelle concentration. The initial desorption rate was a monotonically increasing function of the bulk concentration of the surfactant solution from which the adsorbed layer was formed, both above and below the cmc. Combining equilibrium and kinetic information, we conclude that the adsorption mechanism and the structure of the adsorbed layer both change abruptly at the cmc. Below the cmc, monomeric surfactants adsorb to an extent that is consistent with a defective bilayer structure. Above the cmc, micelles adsorb directly to the surface, to an extent that is consistent with a close-packed monolayer of micelles. The adsorption rate was apparently limited by slow rearrangements within the adsorbed layer. CTAB adsorption was significantly hindered by coadsorption with polylysine, in terms of both the rate and extent of adsorption. The effect of polylysine on CTAB adsorption was very sensitive to the ionic strength and the order in which the surfactant and the polyelectrolyte were exposed to the surface. Different pathways to the same final bulk solution composition produced much different adsorption results. This demonstrates that coadsorption of CTAB and polylysine is inherently a nonequilibrium process dominated by kinetic traps. Although it had an overall hindering effect, coadsorption with polylysine did not alter the basic difference in CTAB adsorption mechanisms above and below the cmc.
Frontiers in elemental analysis by mass spectrometry

Abstract New developments in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and laser desorption-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LD-TOF-MS) for inorganic analysis are described. These include fundamental studies of the ion extraction, process in ICP-MS, development of a highly efficient nebulizer, isotope tracer studies, measurement of elemental speciation by liquid chromatography with ICP-MS detection and characterization of the structures of solids by ion association. The possibilities of determining inorganic species in solutions by electrospray MS are also described.
Microvascular endothelial cell shape and size in situ.

To estimate total cleft length per unit surface area, previous studies assumed that endothelial cell clefts were oriented randomly with respect to the axis of the microvessel (Bundgaard and Frokjaer-Jensen, Microvasc. Res. 23, 1-30, 1982). In the present study, silver precipitation along the intercellular clefts of capillary endothelium ("silver lines") in the frog mesentery allowed observation of cleft orientation as well as estimation of cell shape, cell area (CA), and cleft length per unit area (CL). In all vessels, the endothelial cells were highly elongated polygons, usually hexagonal, which were oriented along the vessel axis. The clefts were highly oriented with a preferred orientation which was parallel to the vessel axis. Clefts exhibited very little local meandering, with a contour length only 7% greater than endpoint-to-endpoint length. Therefore, the assumption of random cleft orientation was not valid, and its use yielded an overestimate of CL. New estimates of CL were 0.16, 0.12, and 0.12 microns-1 for arterial, true, and venous capillaries, respectively. Cell lengths (mean +/- SD, n) were 135 microns (+/- 28, 79) in arterial capillaries, 98 microns (+/- 28, 19) in true capillaries, and 139 microns (+/- 20, 21) in venous capillaries.
Dipole polarizabilities from the nf term values

Abstract Experimental term values of the n f series have been used for an empirical determination of the dipole polarizabilities α d for a number of ions in the Ne I, Na I, and A I isoelectronic series. The core charge densities obtained by the relativistic Hartree-Fock-Slater method were used for the calculation of the penetration correction. Other corrections related to the incomplete separation of the electron from the core are also discussed, α d , unlike the coefficient of 〈 r −6 〉 (usually interpreted as quadrupole polarizability α q ) is relatively insensitive to the uncertainties of the procedure.
Secondary prevention of STD transmission during adolescence: Partner notification

Abstract Study Objective: The study focuses on partner notification by examining adolescent girls' discussions of STD acquisition with partners. The relationship between aspects of sexual history and partner notification were examined. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: An urban hospital-based primary care adolescent clinic. Participants: The sample consisted of 182 girls who had a history of STD. Main Outcome Measures: Adolescents were interviewed regarding the discussion of STD acquisition with partners. Results: Sixty-seven percent of girls reported telling a partner and 22% had been told by a partner. Eleven percent had told a partner as well as had been told by a partner, and 22% had never talked about STD acquisition with her partner. Adolescents who had talked about STD acquisition in the past were more likely to respond to a hypothetical situation by saying they would “always” tell a partner. The most common reasons for adolescents reporting that they did not tell a partner were: they were no longer involved with the individual, they expected a negative response, or they blamed the partner for the acquisition. When asked about the nature of the experience of telling a partner, most reported that it was a negative emotional experience. Conclusions: Although most adolescents had some experience discussing STD with a partner, there was a substantial minority who had not, representing a potential public health problem. Adolescents may not have discussed STD acquisition with their partners because they anticipated a negative experience or because they did not believe it was important when no longer involved with a partner.
Instrument independent diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy with a fiber optic probe is a powerful tool for quantitative tissue characterization and disease diagnosis. Significant systematic errors can arise in the measured reflectance spectra and thus in the derived tissue physiological and morphological parameters due to real-time instrument fluctuations. We demonstrate a novel fiber optic probe with real-time, self-calibration capability that can be used for UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in biological tissue in clinical settings. The probe is tested in a number of synthetic liquid phantoms over a wide range of tissue optical properties for significant variations in source intensity fluctuations caused by instrument warm up and day-to-day drift. While the accuracy for extraction of absorber concentrations is comparable to that achieved with the traditional calibration (with a reflectance standard), the accuracy for extraction of reduced scattering coefficients is significantly improved with the self-calibration probe compared to traditional calibration. This technology could be used to achieve instrument-independent diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in vivo and obviate the need for instrument warm up and post/premeasurement calibration, thus saving up to an hour of precious clinical time.
Grape exosome-like nanoparticles induce intestinal stem cells and protect mice from DSS-induced colitis.

Food-derived exosome-like nanoparticles pass through the intestinal tract throughout our lives, but little is known about their impact or function. Here, as a proof of concept, we show that the cells targeted by grape exosome-like nanoparticles (GELNs) are intestinal stem cells whose responses underlie the GELN-mediated intestinal tissue remodeling and protection against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. This finding is further supported by the fact that coculturing of crypt or sorted Lgr5+ stem cells with GELNs markedly improved organoid formation. GELN lipids play a role in induction of Lgr5+ stem cells, and the liposome-like nanoparticles (LLNs) assembled with lipids from GELNs are required for in vivo targeting of intestinal stem cells. Blocking β-catenin–mediated signaling pathways of GELN recipient cells attenuates the production of Lgr5+ stem cells. Thus, GELNs not only modulate intestinal tissue renewal processes, but can participate in the remodeling of it in response to pathological triggers.
Host specificity of Ischnodemus variegatus, an herbivore of West Indian marsh grass (Hymenachne amplexicaulis)

West Indian marsh grass, Hymenachne amplexicaulis Rudge (Nees) (Poaceae), is an emergent wetland plant that is native to South and Central America as well as portions of the Caribbean, but is considered invasive in Florida USA. The neotropical bug, Ischnodemus variegatus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Lygaeoidea: Blissidae) was observed feeding on H. amplexicaulis in Florida in 2000. To assess whether this insect could be considered as a specialist biological control agent or potential threat to native and cultivated grasses, the host specificity of I. variegatus was studied under laboratory and field conditions. Developmental host range was examined on 57 plant species across seven plant families. Complete development was obtained on H. amplexicaulis (23.4% survivorship), Paspalum repens (0.4%), Panicum anceps (2.2%) and Thalia geniculata (0.3%). Adults survived 1.6 times longer and laid 6.6 times more eggs on H. amplexicaulis than the other species. Oviposition on suboptimal host species was positively related to I. variegatus density under multiple choice conditions. Results from field experiments indicated that H. amplexicaulis had higher densities of I. variegatus than other species. Spill-over to suboptimal hosts occurred in an area where H. amplexicaulis was growing in poor conditions and there was a high density of I. variegatus. Thus, laboratory and field studies demonstrate that I. variegatus had higher performance on H. amplexicaulis compared to any other host, and that suboptimal hosts could be colonized temporarily.
The Risk of Stroke or Clinical Impairment After Stereotactic Radiosurgery for ARUBA-Eligible Patients

Background and Purpose—The best management of patients with unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVM) is controversial. In this study, we analyzed the stroke rate and functional outcomes of patients having stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for unruptured BAVM using the same eligibility criteria and primary end points as the ARUBA trial. Methods—Retrospective observational study of 174 ARUBA-eligible patients having SRS from 1990 to 2005. Results—The median follow-up after SRS was 64 months. Fifteen patients (8.7%) had a hemorrhagic stroke at a median of 21 months after SRS. Six patients (3.5%) had a focal neurological deficit and 4 patients died (2.3%). The risk of stroke or death was 10.3% at 5 years and 11.5% at 10 years. Twelve additional patients (6.9%) had a focal neurological deficit from either radiation-related complications (n=7) or subsequent resection (n=5). The risk of patients’ having clinical impairment (modified Rankin Score ≥2) was 8.4% at 5 years and 12.0% at 10 years. Increasing ...
An Internet friendly transport protocol for continuous media over best effort networks

SUMMARY In this paper, we design and evaluate an Internet friendly transport-level protocol (IFTP) for solving the TCP-friendly problem. IFTP has two modes of operation. In the standard mode, the IFTP connection faithfully emulates the behaviour of TCP in order to roughly obtain a bandwidth equal to that of a TCP connection. In the extended mode, a simple modification is used to grant QoS-differentiated services to selected connections. Connections running in the extended mode can get enhanced bandwidth while still emulating the general behaviour of TCP. We develop an analytical model for the congestion control mechanism of IFTP. We also derive analytically the amount of bandwidth that IFTP may be able to claim from TCP in ideal and non-ideal environments. We evaluate IFTP through simulation and prove its TCP friendliness as well as provide performance results on some of the important metrics such as packet delay, delay jitter, packet loss and link utilization. Copyright # 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Course in professional practice issues

The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) and practitioners recognize professional practice issues as important in undergraduate civil engineering education. This paper describes a creative approach for incorporating professional practice issues into the civil engineering curriculum through a course entitled “Civil Engineering Practice.” This course has the following advantages: (1) It encourages active learning via activities as opposed to a traditional seminar; (2) forms long-term teaching partnerships with engineering professionals; (3) offers a venue where important yet distinct topics can be presented systematically; (4) provides the local engineering community with the opportunity to share its accomplishments and to further continuing education credits; (5) reinforces the professional practice elements of the capstone design project; and (6) supplies structured time where students can interact with potential employers and vice-versa. The course feedback from students, faculty, en...
Reading handwritten US census forms

Commercial forms-reading systems for extraction of data from forms do not meet acceptable accuracy requirements on forms filled out by hand. In December 1993, NIST called industry and research organizations working in the area of handwriting recognition to participate in a test to determine the state of the art in the area. A database of form images containing actual responses received by the US Census Bureau was provided. The handwritten responses are very loosely constrained in terms of writing style, format of response and choice of text. The sizes of the lexicons provided are very large (about 50000 entries) and yet the coverage is incomplete (about 70%). In this paper we discuss the approach taken by CEDAR to automate the task of reading the census forms. The subtasks of field extraction and phrase recognition are described.
Central Projections of Trigeminal Afferents Innervating the Face in Naked Mole-Rats (Heterocephalus glaber)

In this study, we examined the topography of projections from facial afferents to the trigeminal brainstem nuclear complex (TBNC) in naked mole-rats using the neuronal tracer CTB-HRP. Tracer injections were made in a ventral to dorsal sequence that included the tooth pulp and dental ligament, ventral buccal pad, vibrissae, and the forehead. Labeled terminals were identified throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the TBNC, including the principal nucleus (Pr5), pars oralis (Sp5O), pars interpolaris (Sp5I), and pars caudalis (Sp5C) of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. Injections that labeled afferents from the tooth pulp and dental ligament resulted in heavy transport to dorsomedial portions of the TBNC, whereas injections made into progressively more dorsal regions of the face resulted in labeled terminals progressively more ventral and lateral in the nuclei. Injections that included dental afferents also labeled the mesencephalic nucleus of V, whereas injections into the skin of the face labeled cell bodies in the facial nucleus, and in most cases the motor nucleus of 5. Dental afferents in more rostral portions of the TBNC were coextensive with a cytochrome oxidase-dense region visible in alternate sections processed for chemoarchitecture.
Just-In-Time Learning for Fast and Flexible Inference

Much of research in machine learning has centered around the search for inference algorithms that are both general-purpose and efficient. The problem is extremely challenging and general inference remains computationally expensive. We seek to address this problem by observing that in most specific applications of a model, we typically only need to perform a small subset of all possible inference computations. Motivated by this, we introduce just-in-time learning, a framework for fast and flexible inference that learns to speed up inference at run-time. Through a series of experiments, we show how this framework can allow us to combine the flexibility of sampling with the efficiency of deterministic message-passing.
Management of Technology: Technology pervades all aspects of contemporary life. It has been the basic ingredient in the development of the complex modern society of the late 20th century. And as this complexity increases, correspondingly the dependence on technology grows with it.

Technology pervades all aspects of contemporary fife. It has been the basic ingredient in the development of the complex modern society of the late 20th century. And as this complexity increases, correspondingly, the dependence on technology grows with it.
Ecology of Codium fragile Subsp. Fragile Populations Within Salt Marsh Pannes in Southern Maine

Abstract The chloroplast haplotypes, ecology, growth, and reproduction of the introduced Japanese green alga Codium fragile were evaluated in four salt marsh pannes from Brave Boat Harbor, Kittery, Maine. All chloroplast haplotypes were identical and they matched the subsp. fragile delineated by Provan et al. Frond stature was seasonally variable and showed a pronounced increase in length from summer to early fall. Residual (i.e., overwintering) spring fronds were highly variable in stature compared to previous fall values, with some fronds only being ~ 0.5–1.0 cm. Frond stature and frequency patterns in the different pannes were related to their proximity to tidal channels, plus patterns of storm damage. Thus, one panne, which was closest to a tidal channel and had the lowest tidal level, exhibited the largest population frequency and smallest mean frond stature. The highest percent occurrence of gametangia occurred during late summer to early fall when the largest fronds were present. The reproductive p...
Stable fixation of intertrochanteric fractures.

The combined roles of three different positions of reduction and three different fixation devices in stabilization of a standard four-fragment intertrochanteric fracture were studied to determine which combination would best support the load of weight-bearing. Experimental four-part fractures were produced in forty-one pairs of embalmed adult femora. These fractures were stabilized using an anatomical reduction position, the Dimon-Hughston position of medial displacement, and the Wayne County General Hospital position of slight lateral and upward displacement of the femoral shaft fragment, combined with Jewett nail, telescoping screw, and Holt nail implants in all combinations. The stabilized specimens were loaded to failure and examined for the maximum load supported and for resistance to continued deformation under load. The implant device was found to play the major role in fixation stability. The three positions of reduction exerted only a minor influence on the maximum load supported.
Development of Structure and Sensitivity of the Fish Inner Ear

Fish represent the largest group of vertebrates and display the greatest diversity of auditory structures. However, studies addressing how the form and function of the auditory system change during development to enhance perception of the acoustic environment are rather sparse in this taxon compared to other vertebrate groups. An ontogenetic perspective of the auditory system in fishes provides a readily testable framework for understanding structure-function relationships. Additionally, studying ancestral models such as fish can convey valuable comparable information across vertebrates, as early developmental events are often evolutionary conserved. This chapter reviews the literature on the morphological development of the fish auditory system, with particular focus on the inner ear structures that evolve from an otic placode during early embryonic development and then continue to undergo differentiation and maturation in the postembryonic phase. Moreover, the chapter provides a systematic overview of how auditory sensitivity develops during ontogeny. Although most studies indicate a developmental improvement in auditory sensitivity, there is considerably species-specific variation. Lastly, the paucity of information and literature concerning the development of auditory capabilities for social communication in fishes is also discussed. Further investigation on the development of structure and function of the fish auditory system is recommended in order to obtain a deeper understanding of how ontogenetic morphological changes in the auditory pathway relate to modifications in acoustic reception, auditory processing, and the capacity to communicate acoustically.
Can a Biology Course Rooted in the Tree of Life Overcome Student Misconceptions

Introductory biology for nonmajors provides an opportunity to engage students with the complexity of life. In these courses, instructors also have the opportunity to experiment with course material and delivery, especially with an intent to overcome common misconceptions about biology. Fortunately, frameworks exist that can be integrated into a completely novel classroom framework: the AP biology curriculum and the tree of life. In addition, assessments are available that specifically address common misconceptions. I tested whether such a novel approach, covering the four big ideas in biology equally and structured around an accurate depiction of biodiversity as a branching history of evolution, can improve student comprehension of difficult biological concepts. In the end, I found that students improved significantly in their understanding of biology and were much less likely to have common misconceptions about difficult topics.
Conveying information with one song type: changes in dawn song performance correspond to different female breeding stages

Many bird species participate in dawn singing, a behaviour categorized by intensive singing at dawn; however, many of these species deliver only one song type at dawn. While there are many proximate and ultimate hypotheses for why birds sing at dawn, little is known about whether males are able to vary one simple song to convey different information. We used autonomous acoustic recorders to record dawn songs of field sparrows and quantified three parameters of singing performance: 1) bout length, 2) song rate, and 3) song complexity. We found that males sang the longest dawn bouts during their mate's fertile period, the highest song rates during the post-fertile period, and the most complex songs during the pre-fertile period. The change in dawn singing behaviour with their mate's breeding stage suggest the purpose of dawn song may be context dependent. Our results demonstrate that male field sparrows, while only having a single song type sung at dawn, may convey information for both intra- and intersexua...
Southwestern Internal Medicine Conference: Hyperosmolar States

ABSTRACT The composition of the extracellular fluid (ECF) must remain stable for cells to function properly. In normal individuals Vasopressin and thirst zealously maintain the total ECF concentration, or osmolality, within a narrow range. Disruption of these regulatory mechanisms or rapid addition of solute to the ECF can lead to hyperosmolality. The serious neurologic Symptoms that accompany many forms of hyperosmolality can be explained by understanding the Physiologie response of cells to the osmotic stress. This review describes the physiology, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and therapy of hyperosmolar States.
Host conditioning with 5-fluorouracil and kit-ligand to provide for long-term bone marrow engraftment

Administration of kit -ligand (KL) before and after doses of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) results in marrow failure in mice, presumably because of enhanced KL-induced cycling of stem cells, which makes them more susceptible to the effects of 5-FU. In attempt to capitalize on this effect on stem cells, we studied the ability of KL and 5-FU to allow stable donor engraftment of congenically marked marrow in a C57BL/6 (B6) mouse model. KL was administered subcutaneously at 50 μg/kg, 21 hours and 9 hours before and 3 hours after each of two doses of 5-FU (125 mg/kg) given 7 days apart to B6-recipients. Animals then received three injections of 107 congenic B6- Gpi-1 a -donor bone marrow cells at 24, 48, and 72 hours after the second 5-FU dose. A separate group of animals received a single dose of either 1 × 107 or 3 × 107 donor marrow cells 24 hours after the last 5-FU dose. The level of engraftment was measured from Gpi-phenotyping at 1, 3, 6, and 8 months in red blood cells (RBCs) and at 8 months by phenotyping cells from the thymus, spleen, and marrow. Percent donor engraftment in RBCs appeared stable after 6 months. The percent donor engraftment in RBCs at 8 months was significantly higher in KL + 5-FU prepared recipients (33.0 ± 2.7), compared with 5-FU alone (18.5 ± 2.6, P < .0005), or saline controls (17.8 ± 1.7, P < .0001). In an additional experiment, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (100 μg/dose) was added to a reduced dose of KL (12.5 μg/dose); engraftment was similar to KL alone. At 8 months after transplantation the levels of engraftment in other tissues such as bone marrow, spleen, and thymus correlated well with erythroid engraftment to suggest that multipotent long-term repopulating stem cells had engrafted in these animals. There are concerns for the toxicity of total body irradiation (TBI)- or busulfan-based regimens in young recipients of syngeneic or transduced autologous marrow who are transplanted for correction of genetic disease. In these recipients complete donor engraftment may not be needed. The results with KL and 5-FU are encouraging for the further refinement of non-TBI, nonbusulfan techniques to achieve stable mixed chimerism.
Political Stereotypes and Attributed Psychological Needs in Liberal and Conservative Female College Students

Liberal and conservative political stereotypes in both 21 liberal and 21 conservative female college students were differentiated from one another on the basis of Murray's psychological needs attributed to the stereotypes by the students.
A GUIDE TO THE DESIGN OP AIR BUBBLERS FOR MELTING ICE

The use of air bubblers for maintaining ice-free areas in lakes and in the sea has been reported abundantly in the technical literature. This author (1962) reported his observations on two air bubbler installations in the Canadian Arctic to the Eighth International Conference on Coastal Engineering. The results of these investigations were, at that time, still inconclusive. Today, some of the mystery is resolved and it is the author's opinion that the existence of a heat reserve is the answer to the problem. Based on this premise, an attempt is made here to develop some guide lines for the proper utilization of this thermal reserve.
Ewing's sarcoma of the maxilla and mandible

Abstract The records of six patients referred to The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute for treatment of Ewing's sarcoma—two in the maxilla and four in the mandible—have been reviewed. The pathologic features and biologic behavior of this unusual primary tumor were consistent with those of Ewing's sarcomas in other locations. The radiographic findings and the treatment employed have been described. The four patients with sarcoma of the mandible died of the disease 5 months to 3 years after treatment; the two patients whose tumors were in the maxilla are apparently free of the disease 5 years and 11 years after treatment.
Families and the Institutionalized Elderly

This article presents a comprehensive review of the literature and research on families and the institutionalized elderly published in peer-review journals of social work and gerontology. It follows the family and the elderly person along a continuum of stages, from the decision to institutionalize to the post-placement adjustment. Areas reviewed include: the predictors of institutionalization, the placement and transition process, continued family involvement and caregiver burden, working with families, and the post-placement adjustment. Implications of the review are discussed and suggestions for future research are presented.
Design Research of City Public Sign Guidance System

With the development of economic and information globalization,the urbanization process in China is accelerated with the expansion of city scale and city structure. All kinds of economic and cultural exchange activities across the regions now increase rapidly and people trarel around endlessly,which makes it urgent to construct scientific city public sign guidance system. According to the discussion on current situation,design principles and design elements of guidance system,a systematic design schema is presented,which integrates signs,environment and people to create a harmonious environment for people.
Reactive impinging-flow technique for polymer-electrolyte-fuel-cell electrode-defect detection

Abstract Reactive impinging flow (RIF) is a novel quality-control method for defect detection (i.e., reduction in Pt catalyst loading) in gas-diffusion electrodes (GDEs) on weblines. The technique uses infrared thermography to detect temperature of a nonflammable (
Switched linear control for refrigerant superheat recovery in vapor compression systems

Abstract Extended durations of liquid refrigerant ingestion by the compressor of a vapor compression system (VCS) can lead to damage or failure of this component. While this can be prevented by inserting an accumulator between the evaporator and compressor, this addition of hardware may be undesirable for applications in which the weight or size of the thermal management system is critical. As an alternative, this paper proposes a switched Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) design to quickly recover the presence of a superheated phase at the exit of the evaporator using feedback control. Stability analysis of the closed-loop switched system is presented, and application of the control approach in both simulation and on an experimental VCS testbed demonstrate the success of the control design.
Multi-drug resistant tuberculous spondylitis: A review of the literature

While tuberculous vertebral osteomyelitis is an ancient scourge, multi-drug resistant-tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a modern major public health concern. The objective of this study was to review and summarize the data available on MDR-TB spondylitis. An extensive search of the PubMed database was conducted for articles in English relevant to MDR-TB spondylitis by December 2015. Tuberculous spondylitis accounts for 0.5-1% of all TB cases, and it is estimated that there are probably 5000 MDR-TB spondylitis cases each year worldwide. The diagnosis of MDR-TB spondylitis requires a high index of suspicion based on epidemiologic, clinical, and radiologic features. Cultures and susceptibility testing remain the gold standard for the diagnosis of MDR-TB, but this can take several weeks to obtain. Medical treatment is the mainstay of therapy, and ideally, it should be based on drug susceptibility testing. If empiric treatment is necessary, it should be based on drug exposure history, contact history, epidemiology, and local drug resistance data, if available. The total duration of treatment should not be <18-24 months. Clinical, radiographic, and if possible, bacteriologic improvement should be used to assess the treatment success. Surgery should be reserved for neurologic deterioration, significant kyphosis, spinal instability, severe pain, and failure of medical management.
Low profile wideband inverted-L antenna for the M-ATV on-the-move HF communication

Novel low profile 2-arm inverted-L antenna for wideband vehicular on-the-move high frequency communications with support for ground wave, near vertical incidence skywave and long range sky wave mode is introduced. Operational frequency range spans from 3 to 30 MHz. The dimensions of the antenna are λ/17 (L) × λ/40 (W) × λ/125 (H) at 3 MHz. Two arms are shown to improve the bandwidth performance. The full scale prototype of the antenna system with a commercial-off-the-shelf tuner is also described.
Designing Selectivity in Dirhodium Metallopeptide Catalysts for Protein Modification.

The ability to chemically alter proteins is important for broad areas of chemical biology, biophysics, and medicine. Chemical catalysts for protein modification, and particularly rhodium(II) conjugates, represent an important new approach to protein modification that develops novel functionalization approaches while shedding light on the development of selective chemistries in complex environments. Here, we elucidate the reaction parameters that allow selective catalysis and even discrimination among highly similar proteins. Furthermore, we show that quantifying modification allows the measurement of competitive ligand affinity, permitting straightforward measurement of protein–peptide interactions and inhibitors thereof. Taken as a whole, rhodium(II) conjugates replicate many features of enzymes in an entirely chemical construct.
Robust load frequency control for uncertain nonlinear interconnected power systems

A robust load frequency controller is applied to a nonlinear three-area interconnected power system where non-reheat, reheat, and hydraulic turbines are distributed in different areas respectively. The nonlinearities such as governor dead band and generation rate constraint are included in the block diagram model of the power plant. A sliding mode controller (SMC) is developed to regulate frequency error and tie-line power error of the power system despite the presences of load changes and parameter variations. The SMC is simulated on the nonlinear and three-area interconnected power system. The simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the control system against external disturbance and system uncertainties. They also show that the SMC successfully drives the frequency error and tie-line power error to zero.