cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of dietary factors in cancer prevention: beyond fruits and vegetables

Cancer, a disease resulting from dysregulated cell growth control, is caused by an interaction of dietary, genetic, and environmental risk factors. Dietary factors, including physical activity, may contribute to approximately one-third of all cancers. This meta-review summarizes dietary factor and cancer risk associations and makes specific dietary recommendations to reduce risk of specific cancers. The evidence supporting specific dietary recommendations to reduce the risk of cancer is heterogeneous in its strength and consistency. Prospective epidemiologic studies have provided strong evidence supporting regular physical activity and minimal adult weight gain to lower risk of colorectal and breast cancer. The strongest evidence linking specific foods to decrease risk of certain cancers includes the consumption of fruits and vegetables and whole grains. Secondary prevention trials and observational prospective epidemiologic studies have demonstrated the efficacy of a Mediterranean-type dietary pattern to decrease risk of both cancer and cardiovascular diseases. We recommend the adoption of dietary patterns emphasizing regular physical activity, fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, and low-fat dairy products to all people at risk for cancer and cardiovascular disease. These recommendations may be incorporated into enjoyable cultural food patterns as exemplified by Mediterranean-type diets. The preparation and enjoyment of meals in a convivial atmosphere is a vital component of lifestyles to prevent chronic diseases such as cancer and certain cardiovascular diseases.
Effects of myocardial alpha 1-adrenergic receptor stimulation and blockade on contractility in humans.

BACKGROUNDAlthough alpha-adrenergic receptors are present in both normal and failing human left ventricular myocardium and mediate a positive inotropic effect in several other species, it is not known whether stimulation of myocardial alpha-adrenergic receptors exerts a positive inotropic effect or contributes to basal contractile state in vivo in humans.METHODS AND RESULTSWe studied 15 patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries (seven with normal left ventricular function and eight with left ventricular failure). To avoid the confounding effects of changes in ventricular loading conditions and systemic reflex mechanisms, the alpha-adrenergic receptor-selective antagonist phentolamine and agonist phenylephrine were infused directly into the left main coronary artery, and the change in contractile state was assessed by measuring left ventricular peak (+)dP/dt. Phentolamine alone had no effect on left ventricular contractility. Phenylephrine exerted a concentration-related positive inotropic ef...
Dynamic simulation of capacitor-based electric gun systems for naval applications

The dynamic simulation of an electrothermal chemical (ETC) gun system utilizing capacitor-based energy storage and gas turbine prime power is examined. A comparison of system responses for both dedicated and shared prime power source configurations confirms that both modes are feasible. The dynamic analysis/simulation indicates that the pulsed power supply for an ETC gun can be extracted from the ship's propulsion system. Sharing power between shipboard combat and propulsion systems has negligible impact on ship performance at high speeds. Due to a large reserve of kinetic energy in the propulsion system the pulsed load is isolated, to a certain degree, from the gas turbines. The impact of the weapon's system power supply on propulsion performance at low speeds may become significant due to the inertial load encountered in attempting to speed up the generator while connected to the propeller shaft. In these cases, and when the ship is at anchor, the turbine/generator should be declutched from the rest of the main reduction gear for dedicated weapons duty. Once declutched, the power system dynamics should follow the results presented for the dedicated turbine configuration. >
Fibronectin: structure, assembly, and cardiovascular implications.

In the past 2 decades, it has been appreciated that the functions of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are not entirely structural. ECM components interact with specific adhesion receptors on cell surfaces and regulate various cellular functions, including differentiation, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Fibronectin (FN) is a paradigm adhesive protein, nonreactive with adhesion receptors in its soluble state but highly adhesive when insoluble. Polymerization of FN into the ECM must be tightly regulated to ensure that the adhesive information in the ECM is appropriate. FN exists in a soluble protomeric form in micromolar concentration in blood plasma and in an insoluble multimeric form in the ECM.1 2 Unlike fibrillar or basement membrane collagens, laminins, actin, and tubulin, circulating FN does not self-polymerize in physiologically relevant solutions. Furthermore, there is little passive accumulation of FN in preexisting ECM. Rather, assembly of FN takes place at specialized areas on the cell surface.3 FN is especially abundant in the ECM of embryonic and regenerating or injured tissues, although it can be found in most ECMs, including basement membranes. FN interacts with cells through integrins, heterodimeric transmembrane receptors linking the ECM to the intracellular cytoskeleton and signaling pathways. The aim of this review is to describe the mechanisms and consequences of FN deposition and give a brief overview of the significance of FN for selected areas of cardiovascular research. In the first section we describe important features of the FN molecule that account for its multiple functions. Next, we focus on the assembly process, ie, the conversion of soluble FN to its active, adhesive, insoluble form. Finally, we discuss several areas of cardiovascular research in which FN may have an important role, exemplifying how the adhesive information of FN can drive pathophysiological processes. Soluble FN is a dimeric glycoprotein. Each subunit is a …
Association of duration of symptoms at presentation with angiographic and clinical outcomes after fibrinolytic therapy in patients with st-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Objectives We sought to determine if an underlying mechanism of the association between prolonged symptom-to-treatment times and adverse outcomes may be an association of symptom-to-treatment times with impaired Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction myocardial perfusion grades (TMPGs). Background Prolonged symptom duration among ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing fibrinolytic therapy is associated with adverse outcomes. Methods Angiography was performed 60 min after fibrinolytic administration in 3,845 Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trial patients. Results The median time from symptom onset to treatment was longer among patients with impaired myocardial perfusion (3.0 h for TMPG 0/1 vs. 2.7 h for TMPG 2/3; p = 0.001). In a multivariate model, impaired tissue perfusion (TMPG 0/1) remained associated with increased time to treatment (odds ratio1.14 per hour of delay; p = 0.007) even after adjusting for Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction flow grade (TFG) 3, left anterior descending infarct location, and baseline clinical characteristics. Impaired myocardial perfusion after rescue/adjunctive percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was associated with longer median times to treatment (3.0 h for TMPG 2/3 vs. 2.7 h for TMPG 0/1; p = 0.017), as was abnormal epicardial flow after rescue/adjunctive PCI (3.3 h for TFG 0/1/2 vs. 2.8 h for TFG 3; p = 0.005). Thirty-day mortality was associated with longer time from onset of symptoms to treatment (6.6% mortality for time to treatment >4 h vs. 3.3%; p Conclusions A prolonged symptom to treatment time among STEMI patients is associated with impaired myocardial perfusion independent of epicardial flow both immediately after fibrinolytic administration and after rescue/adjunctive PCI. These data provide a pathophysiologic link between prolonged symptoms due to vessel occlusion, impaired myocardial perfusion, and poor clinical outcomes.
Testosterone decreases the potential for song plasticity in adult male zebra finches

Zebra finches are age-limited learners; males crystallize their songs at 90 days and do not subsequently alter those songs. However, a variety of interventions, including deafening and syringeal denervation, result in long-term changes to the crystallized song. These changes can be prevented by lesioning nucleus LMAN. As different social contexts for song production result in differential activation of LMAN, we asked whether the social context experienced by adult males would affect their ability to alter their songs in response to syringeal denervation. Males able to see and direct their songs to females made fewer changes to their songs than did males that could hear but not see females, but this trend was not significant. The volume of a male's HVc, a forebrain song control nucleus, also failed to predict the degree to which a male would change his song. However, testis mass was significantly correlated with the number of changes made to the song, indicating that variations in testosterone modulate adult song plasticity. We directly tested the effect of circulating testosterone on adult song plasticity by implanting adult males with either testosterone or flutamide, a testosterone receptor blocker, and tracking song changes triggered by ts nerve injury. As predicted, males implanted with testosterone changed their songs less than did males that received flutamide implants. These results suggest that the high testosterone concentrations associated with sexual maturity and song crystallization in zebra finches continue to act in adult males to reduce the potential for vocal plasticity.
POLLINATION BIOLOGY OF FOUR SOUTHWESTERN SPECIES OF PHLOX (POLEMONIACEAE): INSECT VISITATION IN RELATION TO COROLLA TUBE LENGTH

Abstract The southwestern Phlox species P. dolichantha, P. superba, P. stansburyi, and P. grayi are a group of morphologically similar species that differ notably in the length of their corolla tubes (approximately 35 to 45 mm, 26 to 33 mm, 19 to 25 mm, and 13 to 16 mm, respectively). We assessed insect visitation to these 4 species over 24-h periods during peak flowering. A diverse array of visitors was documented, including members of the orders Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Coleoptera. Although Phlox is generally considered to exhibit a lepidopteran pollination syndrome, all of these species experienced some visitation from non-lepidopterans. Phlox superba and P. grayi received greatest visitation from a hawkmoth (Hyles lineata), and P. dolichantha and P. stansburyi received the most visits from small flies (Anthomyia and Tachypeza, respectively). All Phlox species were visited by lepidopterans, and the hawkmoth species H. lineata was observed visiting all 4 species. Bees were only observed vi...
International Survey Of Older Adults Finds Shortcomings In Access, Coordination, And Patient-Centered Care

Industrialized nations face the common challenge of caring for aging populations, with rising rates of chronic disease and disability. Our 2014 computer-assisted telephone survey of the health and care experiences among 15,617 adults age sixty-five or older in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States has found that US older adults were sicker than their counterparts abroad. Out-of-pocket expenses posed greater problems in the United States than elsewhere. Accessing primary care and avoiding the emergency department tended to be more difficult in the United States, Canada, and Sweden than in other surveyed countries. One-fifth or more of older adults reported receiving uncoordinated care in all countries except France. US respondents were among the most likely to have discussed health-promoting behaviors with a clinician, to have a chronic care plan tailored to their daily life, and to have engaged in end-of-lif...
Evolution of a CDC Public Health Research Agenda for Low-Risk Prostate Cancer

Men with prostate cancer face difficult choices when selecting a therapy for localized prostate cancer. Comparative data from controlled studies are lacking and clinical opinions diverge about the benefits and harms of treatment options. Consequently, there is limited guidance for patients regarding the impact of treatment decisions on quality of life. There are opportunities for public health to intervene at several decision-making points. Information on typical quality of life outcomes associated with specific prostate cancer treatments could help patients select treatment options. From 2003 to present, the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control at CDC has supported projects to explore patient information-seeking behavior post-diagnosis, caregiver and provider involvement in treatment decision making, and patient quality of life following prostate cancer treatment. CDC's work also includes research that explores barriers and facilitators to the presentation of active surveillance as a viable treatment option and promotes equal access to information for men and their caregivers. This article provides an overview of the literature and considerations that initiated establishing a prospective public health research agenda around treatment decision making. Insights gathered from CDC-supported studies are poised to enhance understanding of the process of shared decision making and the influence of patient, caregiver, and provider preferences on the selection of treatment choices. These findings provide guidance about attributes that maximize patient experiences in survivorship, including optimal quality of life and patient and caregiver satisfaction with information, treatment decisions, and subsequent care.
Realizing the Right to Vote: The Story of Thornburg v. Gingles

Justice William Brennan’s opinion in Thornburg v. Gingles is among the most consequential and enduring in the election law canon. Gingles established a three-part test that plaintiffs must satisfy to prevail on a racial vote dilution claim under Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act. The Gingles doctrine led to the transformation of representation at every level of government, compelling the creation of districts from which racial minorities could elect their preferred candidates. It remains a cornerstone of our voting rights law and a centerpiece of Justice Brennan’s legacy. This chapter tells the story of Gingles. It begins by travelling back over two centuries of North Carolina history, including the patently unconstitutional disfranchisement of African Americans engineered by Charles Brantley Aycock, elected the state’s governor in 1900. After reviewing the history of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and its 1982 amendments, the chapter delves into the backstory of the Gingles litigation, most notably the previously untold drafting history of Justice Brennan’s opinion. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the consequences of Gingles and disagreements over the right to vote that still rage today, in North Carolina and across the country. Several of the players in the Gingles drama would become renowned for their subsequent accomplishments as lawyers, judges, and scholars. But the most surprising aspect of Gingles’s history is how little discussion there was of the law as it was being litigated. In the district court, through oral argument in Supreme Court, and even up to the first draft of the opinion, the focus was almost entirely on the facts. The now-canonical Gingles preconditions did not emerge until the second draft of the opinion. This doctrine would not have become law, but for the unrelenting efforts of Justice Brennan to keep a majority for the core of his opinion, which included switching his vote on one of the challenged districts to hold on to the all-important fifth vote on the Court. The story of Gingles is thus a revealing example of how law gets made and how that law can change the world.
Design foundations for content-rich acoustic interfaces: investigating audemes as referential non-speech audio cues

To access interactive systems, blind and visually impaired users can leverage their auditory senses by using non-speech sounds. The current structure of non-speech sounds, however, is geared toward conveying user interface operations (e.g., opening a file) rather than large theme-based information (e.g., a history passage) and, thus, is ill-suited to signify the complex meanings of primary learning material (e.g., books and websites). In order to address this problem, this dissertation introduces audemes, a new category of non-speech sounds, whose semiotic structure and flexibility open new horizons for facilitating the education of blind and visually impaired students. An experiment with 21 students from the Indiana School for the Blind and Visually Impaired (ISBVI) supports the hypothesis that audemes increase the retention of theme-based information. By acting as memory catalysts, audemes can play an important role in enhancing the aural interaction and navigation in future sound-based user interfaces. For this dissertation, I designed an Acoustic EDutainment INterface (AEDIN) that integrates audemes as a way by which to vividly anticipate text-to-speech theme-based information and, thus, act as innovative aural covers. The results of two iterative usability evaluations with total of 20 blind and visually impaired participants showed that AEDIN is a highly usable and enjoyable acoustic interface. Yet, designing well-formed audemes remains an ad hoc process because audeme creators can only rely on their intuition to generate meaningful and memorable sounds. In order to address this problem, this dissertation presents three experiments, each with 10 blind and visually impaired participants. The goal was to examine the optimal combination of audeme attributes, which can be used to facilitate accurate recognitions of audeme meanings. This work led to the creation of seven basic guidelines that can be used to design well-formed audemes. An interactive application tool (ASCOLTA: Advanced Support and Creation-Oriented Library Tool for Audemes) operationalized these guidelines to support individuals without an audio background in designing well-formed audemes. An informal evaluation conducted with three teachers from the ISBVI, supports the hypothesis that ASCOLTA is a useful tool by which to facilitate the integration of audemes into the teaching environment.
Factors Associated with Decay Capacity of the Brown-Rot

Brown-rot basidiomycetes are a major cause of decay and decomposition of wood and wood products throughout the world. The rapid depolymerization of cellulose associated with brown rot results in serious strength losses of wood early in the decay process (Cowling, 1961); brown-rotters thus cause more damage in less time than the more prevalent white-rotters. Knowledge of the physiology and biochemistry of brown rot has lagged behind that of white rot. A better understanding of the mechanisms of brown rot could pinpoint specific metabolic pathways necessary for decay development and form the bases of future control strategies.
Human Neural Stem Cell Transplantation Improves Cognitive Function of Aged Brain

The discovery of multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult brain1,7,8,11 has brought revolutionary changes in the theory on neurogenesis, a theory that now suggests that regeneration of neurons can occur throughout life. To further this revolution, we have recently shown that Human NSCs (HNSCs) differentiated and survived more than 3 weeks in vitro without the addition of any supplements or exogenous factors5. This result suggests that HNSCs are capable of producing endogenous factors necessary for their own survival and neuronal differentiation. Together, these recent findings stimulated us to investigate the transplantation of HNSCs to determine whether or not the aged brain will provide the necessary environment needed for a successful HNSCs transplantation. HNSCs not only expanded more than a year in vitro but survived 30 days after xenotransplantation, retaining both multipotency and migratory capacity, but more remarkably, the HNSCs transplantation improved the cognitive function in 24 months old rats13.
Concurrent Treatment of Depression in Parents and Adolescents: A Case Example

Abstract The detrimental influence of parent psychopathology—and depression, in particular—on adolescent mental health has been well documented. Routes of transmission include both direct and indirect factors, such as poor parent–adolescent communication, ineffective parenting practices, modeling ineffective coping skills, increased family discord and stress, inadvertent reinforcement of adolescent depressed mood and suicidal ideation and behavior, and decreased treatment adherence. This paper introduces a novel treatment to concurrently treat both a depressed adolescent as well as a depressed parent. This approach improves upon traditional cognitive-behavioral therapy by targeting relational factors of each adolescent–parent dyad while simultaneously addressing each individual’s depression. Principles of case conceptualization and treatment planning using this novel approach are illustrated using a case example.
Cluster-Based Outlier Detection Using Unsupervised Extreme Learning Machines

Outlier detection is an important data mining task, whose target is to find the abnormal or atypical objects from a given data set. The techniques for detecting outliers have a lot of applications, such as credit card fraud detection, environment monitoring, etc. In this paper, we proposed a new definition of outlier, called cluster-based outlier. Comparing with the existing definitions, the cluster-based outlier is more suitable for the complicated data sets that consist of many clusters with different densities. To detect cluster-based outliers, we first split the given data set into a number of clusters using unsupervised extreme learning machines. Then, we further design a pruning method technique to efficiently compute outliers in each cluster. at last, the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approaches are verified through plenty of simulation experiments.
JoKHeR: NPSE Simulations of Hypersonic Crossflow Instability

Transition prediction and control are critical enablers for hypersonic ight and there is a need for physics-based approaches, especially for three-dimensional (3-D) boundary layers. A nonlinear parabolized stability equation (NPSE) capability for quasi 3-D geometries, called JoKHeR, has been developed. The NPSE approach for modeling stability and transition is particularly attractive since it includes curvature, nonparallel, and nonlinear e ects at a fraction of the resources required for a direct numerical simulation (DNS). Results for the cross ow instability on the much studied 7 degree half angle cone yawed to 6 degrees at Mach 6 are presented. Steady basic state calculations are obtained with Pointwise and GASP. New methods for determining cross ow vortex trajectories as well as wave number variations along the trajectory are proposed. Veri cation with prior results including a DNS is shown.
IMPELLA 2.5L COMPARED TO INTRAORTIC BALLOON PUMP IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOGENIC SHOCK: A META-ANALYSIS OF STUDIES

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a major complication in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Several devices have been introduced to provide hemodynamic support. Among these devices intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) and Impella 2.5 (IMP) are commonly used. Data are limited regarding comparative
High Resolution Electron Microscopy of Internal Interfaces in Partially-Stabilized Zirconia (Psz)

Low solute tetragonal (t) ZrO 2 precipitates within a high solute cubic (c) ZrO 2 matrix of a Zr-rich CaO-MgO-ZrO 2 alloy were studied via high resolution electron microscopy (HREM). The precipitates underwent displacive thin foil transformations to orthorhombic (o) or monoclinic (m) symmetry during sample preparation or observation in the HREM. The orthorhombic phase grew in a facetted manner from a relatively equiaxed nucleus, consuming entire t-ZrO 2 variants in multi-variant precipitates. Monoclinic laths nucleated it t/c or t/t interfaces and rapidly grew across portions of the parent phase. The crystallography of these transformations is discussed.
Collaboration of fibronectin matrix with other extracellular signals in morphogenesis and differentiation

Tissue formation and cell differentiation depend on a properly assembled extracellular matrix (ECM). Fibronectin is a key constituent of the pericellular ECM, forming essential connections between cell surface integrin receptors and structural components of the ECM. Recent studies using vertebrate models, conditional gene knockouts, tissue explants, and cell culture systems have identified developmental processes that depend on fibronectin and its receptor α5β1 integrin. We describe requirements for fibronectin matrix in the cardiovascular system, somite and precartilage development, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Information about molecular mechanisms shows the importance of fibronectin and integrins during tissue morphogenesis and cell differentiation, as well as their cooperation with growth factors to mediate changes in cell behaviors.
Abstract 4031: Distinct gene expression profile of recurrent stage II colorectal cancers in African American and Caucasian American patients.

Objective: To determine gene expression profile of Stage II colorectal cancers (CRCs) based on disease recurrence and patient race/ethnicity. Background: About 25-35% of Stage II CRCs recur after potentially curative surgery. Furthermore, the incidence, recurrence, and mortality rates for CRC are higher in African Americans (AAs) relative to Caucasian Americans (CAs), even when they are diagnosed with early stage disease. Differences in tumor biology may contribute to this race-based disparity. Thus, identification of these ‘high-risk’ patients is an unmet medical need. Methods: Using GeneChip microarray technology, we obtained gene expression profiles for Stage II CRCs from 16 AA and 30 CA patients. Samples from recurrent disease, within 5 years post-surgery (n=5 in AA, n= 9 in CA) were compared against non-recurrent, within 10 years post-surgery, (n=11 in AA, and n=21 in CA) samples. The data were analyzed for expression differences at the gene level comparing AA with CA patients and further analyzed for functions and pathways. Results: In the samples of recurrent CRCs, a significant number of genes (n=561) were differentially expressed, with a false-discovery rate of ≤5%. Further analyses showed 253 genes differentially expressed within the AA recurrent subgroup and 317 genes in CA recurrent subgroup. In recurrent CRCs, there were 9 genes common to AA and CA patients, suggesting a common gene signature specific for Stage II disease. Canonical pathway analyses and interaction network analyses for these differentially expressed genes revealed that ERK/MAPK, protein kinase A, and CDK5 signaling were the top three affected signaling pathways in recurrent samples from AAs. In contrast, RhoA, integrin, and cell cycle control signaling were the top three affected pathways in Stage II CRCs of CAs. This suggests, for samples from CAs and AAs, a distinct race-based gene expression and downstream effects on pathways. Conclusion: A common gene expression signature, specific for stage II, together with a race-specific expression profile may have therapeutic implications for AA and CA patients. Citation Format: Trafina Jadhav, Dongquan Chen, Balananda-Dhurjati Kumar Putcha, Temesgen Samuel, James Posey, Martin Heslin, Upender Manne. Distinct gene expression profile of recurrent stage II colorectal cancers in African American and Caucasian American patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4031. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4031
Toward defining dentists' evidence-based practice: influence of decade of dental school graduation and scope of practice on implementation and perceived obstacles

Academic dental institutions today seek to provide curricular content and learning opportunities for students to develop an essential skill set for evidence-based practice. To support that effort, studies that explore current practice patterns are valuable in identifying factors that influence the evidence-based habits and behaviors of dental school graduates. The purpose of this study was to explore the knowledge, perceptions, and behavior of private practice dentists in the state of Iowa with respect to evidence-based dentistry and to determine the influence of the dentist's education and the scope of his or her practice on those opinions and habits. A questionnaire addressing practitioners' familiarity with, understanding of, and adoption of an evidence-based philosophy of practice was mailed in September 2009 to all dentists licensed and practicing in Iowa. Questionnaires were returned by 518 practitioners, for an overall response rate of 38.4 percent. The majority of respondents reported awareness, understanding, and adoption of an evidence-based approach to their practice of dentistry. Recent graduates were more likely to report insufficient time as the primary obstacle to practicing evidence-based dentistry. Dental specialists indicated a higher level of comfort in assessing scientific information, as well as implementing current reliable, valid published research in practice, than did general practitioners.
Comparison of homemade and imported pulmonary surfactant replacement therapy in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and safety between homemade and imported pulmonary surfactant(PS)replacement therapy in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome(RDS).Methods 107 premature infants with RDS from May 2009 to October 2010 were divide into 3 groups.Group A(n=42)was given homemade PS and and assisted ventilation;Group B(n=37)was given imported PS and assisted ventilation;Group C(n=28) was only used assisted ventilation.Results ①The symptoms and signs of RDS were improved obviously and quickly after PS treatment(P0.05).②There was no significant difference in blood gas indexes between the 3 groups(P0.05).③The ventilator parameters of PIP in group A/B were lower than those in group C(P0.05)during 1~24 h after PS treatment.④The ventilator parameters of FiO2 in group A were lower than those in group C(P0.05)during 2~6 h after PS treatment(P0.05).⑤Thoracic X-ray showed that the lung diseases in group A/B was improved significantly during 2~6 h after PS treatment(P0.05).⑥There was no significant difference between the 3 groups in duration of assisted ventilation,time of hospital stay and complications,etc(P0.05).⑦There was no significant difference in repeated PS use between group A and group B(P0.05).Conclusion Homemade and imported PS have the same efficacy and safety for RDS in premature infants,and imported PS is more convenient.
Suprapubic approach for bilateral orchiectomy and placement of testicular prostheses.

Bilateral orchiectomy frequently is performed in men with advanced prostatic carcinoma. We describe a suprapubic approach for simultaneous orchiectomy and placement of testicular prostheses for use in the occasional patient who desires cosmetic reconstitution of the scrotum. The described technique takes advantage of the proximity of the spermatic cords to the midline as they descend into the scrotum
Crystal structure of 4-amino-2,6-di-chloro-phenol.

The title compound, C6H5Cl2NO, has a single planar mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit with the non-H atoms possessing a mean deviation from planarity of 0.020 A. In the crystal, O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds lead to the formation of infinite chains along [101] which are further linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming (010) sheets.
The structure, composition, and dimensions of TiO2 and ZnO nanomaterials in commercial sunscreens

TiO2 and ZnO nanomaterials are widely used to block ultraviolet radiation in many skin care products, yet product labels do not specify their dimensions, shape, or composition. The absence of this basic information creates a data gap for both researchers and consumers alike. Here, we investigate the structural similarity of pigments derived from actual sunscreen products to nanocrystals which have been the subject of intense scrutiny in the nanotoxicity literature. TiO2 and ZnO particles were isolated from eight out of nine commercial suncare products using three extraction methods. Their dimension, shape, crystal phase, surface area, and elemental composition were examined using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area analysis, energy dispersive X-ray and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. TiO2 pigments were generally rutile nanocrystals (dimensions ~25 nm) with needle-like or near-spherical shapes. ZnO pigments were wurtzite rods with a short axes less than 40 nm and longer dimensions often in excess of 100 nm. We identify two commercial sources of TiO2 and ZnO nanocrystals whose physical and chemical features are similar to the pigments found in sunscreens. These particular materials would be effective surrogates for the commercial product and could be used in studies of the health and environmental impacts of engineered nanomaterials contained in sunscreens.
Abstract 4238: Multispectral optoacoustic tomography detects orthotopic pancreatic tumorsin vivousing a nano-contrast agent

There have been very modest developments in pancreatic cancer detection and treatment with mortality essentially remaining unchanged in the last four decades. The major challenge for both early detection and treatment of pancreatic tumors lies in overcoming various biological barriers, especially poor perfusion, insufficient contrast agents/drugs uptake by the tumor, and limitations of traditional imaging modalities. The combination of accurate real-time imaging with tumor-specific nano-contrast agents could mitigate these impediments. We constructed highly stable nano-contrast agents by encapsulating GNRs having aspect ratio 3:1 in PAA (1.5 ± 0.5 nm), and MS (6.25 ± 0.25 nm) shell, respectively and targeted to insulin growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1-R) positive pancreatic tumor cells via Syndecan-1 ligand. IGF1-R specific binding of Syndecan-MS GNRs and Syndecan-PAA-GNR was determined using in an IGF1-R negative cell line (MiaPaca-2) or a blocking antibody to IGF1-R in S2VP10L pancreatic cancer cells determined via flow cytometry. In vivo, mice bearing orthotopic pancreatic tumors were iv injected with 100 nM of Syndecan-MS GNRs and accumulation was determined four hours post injection via Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography. Biodistribution was determined using a Region of Interest method. The cellular uptake of Syndecan-MS-GNRs significantly enhanced in the S2VP10L cells (503.4 counts) compared to MiaPaca-2 cells (64.1 counts), blocking agent (323.7counts) and untargeted MS GNRs (average 47 counts) revealing that Syndecan-MS-GNRs enhanced both tumor specificity and OA signals by binding with IGF1-R in S2VP10L cells. In vivo, Syndecan-MS-GNRs significantly accumulated in S2VP10L orthotopic pancreatic tumors (233.1 MSOT a.u.) with minimal accumulation in kidney(29.7 MSOT a.u.) and liver (31.4 MSOT a.u.). The Syndecan-MS-GNRs did not accumulate within the orthotopic MiaPaca-2 (IGF1-R negative) mouse model with the biodistribution of pancreas tumor (12.4 MSOT a.u.), kidney (114.3 MSOT a.u.), and liver (35.2 MSOT a.u.). Citation Format: Phillip Chuong, Matthew Zeiderman, William E. Grizzle, Lacey R. McNally. Multispectral optoacoustic tomography detects orthotopic pancreatic tumors in vivo using a nano-contrast agent. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4238.
Estimating the Accuracy of User Surveys for Assessing the Impact of HPC Systems

Each year, the Computational & Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) conducts a survey of its current and recent user community to gather a number of metrics about the scientific impact and outcomes from the use of CISL's high-performance computing systems, particularly peer-reviewed publications. However, with a modest response rate and reliance on self-reporting by users, the accuracy of the survey is uncertain as is the degree of that uncertainty. To quantify this uncertainty, CISL undertook a project that attempted to provide statistically supported limits on the accuracy and precision of the survey approach. We discovered limitations related to the range of users' HPC usage in our modeling phase, and several methods were attempted to adjust the model to fit the usage data. The resulting statistical models leverage data about the HPC usage associated with survey invitees to quantify the degree to which the survey undercounts the relevant publications. A qualitative assessment of the collected publications aligns with the statistical models, reiterates the challenges associated with acknowledgment for use of HPC resources, and suggests ways to improve the survey results further.
Using dynamical invariants in the analysis of hybrid dynamical systems

Abstract This paper examines subsets of a hybrid system's 6tate space which are invariant with respect to cycles of discrete events. It is well known that such dynamical invariants play an important role in the stability and supervision of such systems. The primary contribution of this paper is to show how such dynamical invariants may be identified for hybrid systems whose switching logics are characterized by Petri networks.
Prevalence and outcomes of cystic lesions of the transplant pancreas: The University of Wisconsin Experience

Literature on the behavior of cystic lesions in pancreas transplants is scarce, and hence a better understanding is warranted. Data on recipients and their respective donors that underwent simultaneous kidney and pancreas, pancreas transplant alone, and pancreas after kidney between 1994-2015 were reviewed (n=1185). Cystic lesions of the transplant pancreas developed in 22 patients (1.8%): 12 pseudocysts, 2 cysts/remnants, 4 intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN), 2 adenocarcinomas, 1 low grade intraepithelial pancreatic neoplasia, and 1 case of polycystic kidney disease. The median size was 3.6cm (1.6-5.5cm), and occurred at a median time of 65.5mos (2-183mos) post transplant. The median age of the graft at time of diagnosis was 42yrs (25.7-54.5), with 17 of 22 grafts (77%) functioning at time of diagnosis. Triggers for investigation were elevations in pancreatic enzymes, re-admissions for abdominal pain, and incidentalomas. High resolution imaging and diagnostic biopsy/aspiration with ancillary tests were the main diagnostic tests. Most pseudocysts were managed by percutaneous drainage, and although no firm inference can be made from such a small series, we have observed that the behavior and management of IPMN and adenocarcinoma in the pancreas graft appears congruent to that of the native pancreas. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
TCR/ITK signaling via mTOR tunes CD8+ T cell homeostatic proliferation, metabolism, and anti-tumor effector function

T cell homeostatic proliferation (HP) is regulated by T cell receptor (TCR) signals and homeostatic cytokines, and suggested to be proportional to TCR signal strength. However, we show here that ITK, a positive regulator of TCR signaling, negatively tunes CD8+ T cell HP, metabolism, and effector function. Under lymphopenic environments, Itk-/- CD8+ T cells exhibit significant increase in T cell-intrinsic HP, which requires mTOR activity and can be driven by T cell-T cell interaction. TCR signals through ITK tune IL-7-mediated CD8+ T cell metabolism and HP in a mTOR-dependent manner. The lack of ITK also resulted in enhanced effector cell fate programming, antigen sensitivity and anti-tumor immunity by HP cells. Thus, TCR signaling via ITK, is a negative tuner of CD8+ T cell homeostasis, metabolism and effector function, and may be a target for clinical benefit in cancer therapy.
Normal Aging in the Cerebral Cortex of Primates

Studies of the neurobiological basis of normal aging have gained impetus in recent years, because it has become clear that even normal aging is accompanied by a decline in several aspects of cognitive function. The need to understand the underlying basis for cognitive decline with age is made even more important by the fact that our population is gradually shifting toward one that contains a greater proportion of older individuals. And at the same time as medical knowledge and treatment of life-threatening problems, such as heart attacks, diabetes and cancer, improves, life expectancy is also being prolonged. Yet there has been little emphasis on the changes that occur in the nervous system during the normal aging process. Rather, the emphasis has been on the changes that occur as a consequence of Alzheimer’s disease, because the behavioral changes induced by Alzheimer’s disease profoundly affect the lives of Alzheimer’s patients and their families, and because the alterations in the structure of the brain—such as the presence of neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and amyloid deposits—are very obvious. The structural changes resulting from normal age-related cognitive decline are much less obvious, and normal aging has much less social impact, for it is accepted as being “normal.” But normal aging changes are important to understand both in their own right and because they constitute the baseline upon which the changes brought about by Alzheimer’s disease are superimposed. For example, it is necessary to answer questions such as: Is the distribution of plaques during normal aging similar to, or different from, that in patients who have Alzheimer’s disease? Are neurons lost from the cerebral cortex during normal aging, or does severe cortical neuronal loss occur only in Alzheimer’s disease?
Understanding Engineering Students' Perceptions and Knowledge about Sustainable Development and Sustainability

The Sustainable Engineering and International Development course was first offered to engineering majors at the Iowa State University (ISU) in 2005. The course is focused on describing, discussing and comparing the key concepts of sustainability, sustainable development and sustainable engineering. In 2005, sustainability was not a major part of the engineering curricula and students had little to no knowledge about these concepts. Nine years later, sustainability has become an integral part of our daily lives. In this study, we wanted to understand student perceptions, knowledge, and understanding of sustainability, sustainable development and its implementation across various engineering systems. The assessment techniques used for the study were a pre-test and a survey at the start and end of the semester, respectively. Survey results indicated that students’ ranking on usefulness of the course modules varied over the years mainly due to different engineering majors of the students in the class with diverse learning styles and pre-existing knowledge. The results of the pre-test indicated that students have knowledge about basic sustainability concepts, thus the difficulty level of the pretest was low. In the near future, focus group discussions along with the survey will be conducted to better understand student perceptions on the effectiveness of the teaching methods and overall course materials. In addition, a post-test will be conducted for the questions set developed with input from experts in specific subject areas.
The Opposition and Retreat from Hegemony

As the Ruhr policy met with passive resistance from the people of the district, and all reparations payments ceased, opposition increased in France as well as abroad. Paul Painleve, former premier who was destined, along with Herriot and the Cartel des Gauches (Coalition of the Left) to bring about the resignation of Poincare in 1924, has described the nature of the French opposition to Poincare’s German policy. While insisting that the German industrial war lords must pay, it also stressed the need for reconciling Germany. The opposition argued that the main war objectives for French security had been to break Prussian militarism and to demonstrate that it had led the German people into disaster. Painleve felt that this had not been done. At the same time, the Allies had not adequately investigated the actual possibilities for Germany to pay.1
Other Methods for Inference on Quantiles

While the quantiles have many advantages including robustness, straightforward interpretation, and presentation of specific information, they also suffer from some pitfalls. First of all, evaluation of the variance formulas of the quantiles involves estimation of the probability density function under independent and/or dependent censoring. A method that was adopted to avoid this hurdle produced complicated variance formulas. Second, when the censoring proportion is high, higher quantiles cannot be defined. In this chapter, we review two recent approaches that address these issues; the empirical likelihood ratio-based method and a Bayesian method.
Genomics Approaches to Crop Improvement in the Rosaceae

Genomic research in Rosaceae crops is commonly directed at understanding the genetic control of important agronomic traits with the aim of improving product quality and reducing production costs. Genomic knowledge can be used for genetic improvement of cultivars through breeding or genetic engineering. Genomic knowledge can also be used for the development of new cultural practices and the tailoring of existing production practices according to genetic categories of cultivars. The translation of genomic data and fundamental discoveries into practical results with real world applications is often termed “translational genomics”. However, this term is also used to describe the transfer of genomic knowledge from model organisms, such as Arabidopsis, to crop species, with practical application sometimes only implied. Many crop attributes are limited by the underlying genetics of the cultivars at hand. Breeders seek to raise the bar with each generation, and provide new genetic possibilities. New cultivars are designed to possess improved potential for horticultural performance, whether as incremental gains over previous cultivars, or with novel attributes that set them apart. Decisions regarding parent selection for crossing and progeny selection for advancing potential cultivars are based on knowledge, as well as educated guesses and hunches, of how controlling genes combine and are expressed in breeding populations. Genomics can shortcut or enhance the scope of genetic studies to elucidate the genetic architecture of traits by identifying, quantifying, and validating important genomic regions. It can also identify the genes that control trait variation and determine their strength of expression under varying production conditions. Armed with such knowledge, breeders can more efficiently manipulate germplasm over generations to produce optimum genetic combinations and novel genetic possibilities in the form of new cultivars that perform better for