cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patterned Functional Arrays by Selective De-Wetting

Using a micro-Contact Printing ({mu}-CP) technique, substrates are prepared with patterns of hydrophilic, hydroxyl-terminated SAMS and hydrophobic methyl-terminated SAMS. Beginning with a homogeneous solution of silica, surfactant, ethanol, water, and functional silane, preferential ethanol evaporation during dip-coating, causes water enrichment and selective de-wetting of the hydrophobic SAMS. Correspondingly, film deposition occurs exclusively on the patterned hydrophilic SAMS. In addition, by co-condensation of tetrafunctional silanes (Si(OR){sub 4}) with tri-functional organosilanes ((RO){sub 3}Si(CH{sub 2}){sub 3}NH{sub 2}), the authors have selectively derived the silica framework with functional amine NH{sub 2} groups. A pH sensitive, micro-fluidic system was formed by further conjugation reactions with pH sensitive dye molecules.
Multivesicular release from excitatory synapses of cultured hippocampal neurons

Release of neurotransmitter from presynaptic terminals occurs by exocytosis of vesicular contents into the synaptic cleft. We find that more than one quantum of transmitter can interact with the same population of postsynaptic NMDA receptors in conditions which increase the probability of transmitter release. Increasing release probability also results in proportional increases in both AMPA and NMDA receptor components of the synaptic current. These results suggest that the fraction of AMPA and NMDA receptors occupied by transmitter following the release of a single quantum is similar. Based on AMPA and NMDA receptor responses of outside-out patches to short applications of glutamate, we suggest that both receptor types may be saturated normally by synaptic release.
Preannouncements: their role in reputation management

A preannouncement is a formal, deliberate, publicly‐issued communication given before an actual event. Preannouncements are an increasingly applied concept of communication whereby a company shares information with an audience or group some weeks, months, or years before its formal introduction. It offers the media information such as financial information regarding prospective mergers, acquisitions or earnings reports. This article looks at who is inclined to preannounce, when it seems appropriate to do it, and to provide recommendations for preannouncement activities.
Mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance

Mechanisms of bacterial resistance to fluoroquinolones fall into two principal categories, alterations in drug target enzymes and alterations that limit permeation of drug to the target, both resulting from chromosomal mutations. No specific resistance mechanisms of quinolone degradation or modification have been found. The target enzymes, DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV are most commonly altered in domains near the enzyme active sites and in some cases reduced drug binding affinity has been demonstrated. Drug permeation is altered by mutations that increase expression of endogenous multidrug efflux pumps, alter outer membrane diffusion channels, or both. Recently a new plasmid-mediated resistance of an as yet undefined mechanism was found in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Copyright 1999 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.
Spot spectroscopy of highly ionized europium

Microdot spectroscopy of a laser-produced plasma was used to study the x-ray emission from highly ionized europium in the wavelength region between 6.5 and 9.6 A. New identifications of spectral lines from europium ions isoelectronic with Ni, Co, and Fe were made using ab initio calculations of the wavelengths and gf values. The emission was measured with spatial and temporal resolution and as a function of the laser irradiance. The relative abundances of the different ionization stages, as inferred from the intensities of the 3d-4f transitions, compare favorably with the ionization distribution predicted by a collisional-radiative model and with the results of a two-dimensional l-smcapsa-smcapss-smcapsn-smcapse-smcapsX simulation.
Modeling the costs of bridge rehabilitation

Intermediate and long range planning for Departments of Transportation necessitates the estimation of the cost of bridge rehabilitation, a range of activities falling between maintenance and replacement. This paper presents a set of regression models designed within the context of data available to the New York State Department of Transportation. The nature of the data necessitated the use of non-linear regression models which were developed using the software package TRIO. Various approaches were explored in an effort to determine which group of models performed best. For each approach models were developed for estimating separately the cost of rehabilitating the major bridge components: deck, superstructure, and substructure. One approach involved estimating costs of each component for the entire bridge. Another approach involved unit costs. In addition models were developed which allowed comparison of the predictive power of using low bid vs median bid as the dependent variable. Furthermore models were developed separately for bridges with single spans and those with multiple spans. The approach that consisted of working with the costs for the entire bridge consistently performed well. In many cases the relationship between the dependent variable (cost) and the predictor variables was highly non-linear. Due to differences in data availability and definitions the models cannot be applied directly by states other than New York. However, the procedures followed and approaches employed should provide guidance to those wishing to generate models to estimate bridge rehabilitation costs.
Irrigation deficits and farmers’ vulnerability in Southern India

Abstract Land ownership does not prevent vulnerability in less developed countries’ agriculture and it is demonstrated that land assets do not necessarily imply livelihoods security in areas where irrigation water is scarce and in irregular supply. To capture both the vulnerability and risks that farmers are involuntarily taking in farming, irrigation deficits applied in cash crops cultivation in an irrigation system in the south of India are calculated. Results show that landowners’ exposure to lower returns from land, due to irrigation deficits, increases towards the tail of the irrigation system as water availability is insufficient to satisfy the crops physiological needs. In spite of its simplicity, irrigation deficit is a useful indicator of the benefits that irrigation systems can bring to farmers, as well as of the environmental uncertainty in which they operate. The indicator investigates vulnerability linked to an income generating activity, not to the lack of an asset, as commonly used in livelihoods analysis. Conventional top-down irrigation development is discussed and initiatives to improve poverty alleviation through improved irrigation management are suggested.
Cardiovascular responses to experimental pulmonary embolism

Abstract The basic circulatory response to pulmonary embolism is obstruction to blood flow through the lung. No circulatory changes occur until the cross-sectional area of the pulmonary vasculature is reduced by over 50 per cent. The roles of mechanical obstruction, vasoconstriction and humoral agents in this disorder are reviewed. In response to increased precapillary resistance to blood flow occasioned by embolism, pulmonary arterial and right ventricular systolic pressures rise; if this is severe enough, the right ventricle dilates, its enddiastolic pressure rises, and its coronary flow increases. In contrast to man, in whom embolism is commonly associated with manifestations of left ventricular failure, in the experimental animal the left ventricle is spared. Its output and systolic pressure fall, its work load is reduced, its end-diastolic pressure remains normal until terminally, and its coronary flow is unaltered or increases until terminally, when, with overall disruption of the cardiovascular system, it falls. It has been postulated by some that the fall of systemic arterial pressure cannot be entirely explained by the fall of cardiac output and that it represents in part a reflex hypotension. Heart rate and rhythm remain stable, except with massive embolism or in association with hypotension or apnea, when bradycardia and arrhythmias may occur.
Preparation of fluoroborazines

Diborane was found to react with tetrafluorohydrazine at l40 to l60 deg C to yield a mixture of fluoroborazines (B/sub 3/N/sub 3/H/sub n/F/sub 6-n/) together with BF/sub 3/, B/sub 5/H/sub 9/,H/sub 2/,N/sub 2/, and BF/sub 3/NH/sub 3/. Yields of fluoroborazines varied from 5 to 20%. Preliminary separation of the reaction products was accomplished by high vacuum fractional condensation techniques using traps at -63, -78, and -196 deg C. The mass spectrum of the B/ sub 3/N/sub 3/H/sub 5/F fraction was found to be complex. The highest series of peaks began at a m/e of 92 and ended abruptly at 99. The mass spectrum of the B/ sub 3/N/sub 3/H/sub 4/F/sub 2/ fraction was similar to that of B/sub 3/N/sub 3/H/ sub 5/F with the exception of a series of peaks beginning at a m/e of 113 and ending abruptly at 117. It is believed that both fractions are mixtures of isomers. The hazards in working with the synthesis are also discusssd. (P.C.H.)
The combinatorics of local constraints in model-based recognition and localization from sparse data

The problem of recognizing what objects are where in the workspace of a robot can be cast as one of searching for a consistent matching between sensory data elements and equivalent model elements. In principle, this search space is enormous, and to control the potential combinatorial explosion, constraints between the data and model elements are needed. A set of constraints for sparse sensory data that are applicable to a wide variety of sensors are derived, and their characteristics are examined. Known bounds on the complexity of constraint satisfaction problems are used, together with explicit estimates of the effectiveness of the constraints derived for the case of sparse, noisy, three-dimensional sensory data, to obtain general theoretical bounds on the number of interpretations expected to be consistent with the data. It is shown that these bounds are consistent with empirical results reported previously. The results are used to demonstrate the graceful degradation of the recognition technique with the presence of noise in the data, and to predict the number of data points needed, in general, to uniquely determine the object being sensed.
Migration differentials in labor force participation: United States, 1960

Esto trabajo examina la relacion entre migracion y el status de la fuerza de trabajo en los Estados Unidos. Las ratas especificas por sexo y edad segun migracion interestatal (esto es, personas residiendo en diferente estado de los Estados Unidos entre 1955 y 1960) y en relacion con las ratas de participacion en la fuerza de trabajo, son comparadas con ratas paralelas del total de la poblacion para personas blancas y no-blancas separadamente.
νe appearance for νμ-ντ' oscillations in matter

Abstract New ranges of neutrino oscillation parameters can be probed by sending accelerator produced ν μ to large neutrino detectors thousands of kilometers away. Since the neutrino propagation is through the Earth, the ν e −ν τ mixing can be enhanced by matter effects. Then a neutrino coupled dominantly to the ν τ , with a mass squared of 10 −3 −10 −1 eV 2 , may most easily be observed by a ν e appearance experiment.
Comparison of "risk-adjusted" hospital outcomes.

Background— A frequent challenge in outcomes research is the comparison of rates from different populations. One common example with substantial health policy implications involves the determination and comparison of hospital outcomes. The concept of “risk-adjusted” outcomes is frequently misunderstood, particularly when it is used to justify the direct comparison of performance at 2 specific institutions. Methods and Results— Data from 14 Massachusetts hospitals were analyzed for 4393 adults undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery in 2003. Mortality estimates were adjusted using clinical data prospectively collected by hospital personnel and submitted to a data coordinating center designated by the state. The primary outcome was hospital-specific, risk-standardized, 30-day all-cause mortality after surgery. Propensity scores were used to assess the comparability of case mix (covariate balance) for each Massachusetts hospital relative to the pool of patients undergoing coronary artery byp...
SU-E-J-17: A Study of Accelerator-Induced Cerenkov Radiation as a Beam Diagnostic and Dosimetry Tool

Purpose: To investigate accelerator-induced Cerenkov radiation imaging as a possible beam diagnostic and medical dosimetry tool. Methods: Cerenkov emission produced by clinical accelerator beams in a water phantom was imaged using a camera system comprised of a high-sensitivity thermoelectrically-cooled CCD camera coupled to a large aperture (f/0.75) objective lens with 16:1 magnification. This large format lens allows a significant amount of the available Cerenkov light to be collected and focused onto the CCD camera to form the image. Preliminary images, obtained with 6 MV photon beams, used an unshielded camera mounted horizontally with the beam normal to the water surface, and confirmed the detection of Cerenkov radiation. Several improvements were subsequently made including the addition of radiation shielding around the camera, and altering of the beam and camera angles to give a more favorable geometry for Cerenkov light collection. A detailed study was then undertaken over a range of electron and photon beam energies and dose rates to investigate the possibility of using this technique for beam diagnostics and dosimetry. Results: A series of images were obtained at a fixed dose rate over a range of electron energies from 6 to 20 MeV. The location of maximum intensity was foundmore » to vary linearly with the energy of the beam. A linear relationship was also found between the light observed from a fixed point on the central axis and the dose rate for both photon and electron beams. Conclusion: We have found that the analysis of images of beam-induced Cerenkov light in a water phantom has potential for use as a beam diagnostic and medical dosimetry tool. Our future goals include the calibration of the light output in terms of radiation dose and development of a tomographic system for 3D Cerenkov imaging in water phantoms and other media.« less
Gender Roles and Children's Television Advertising

Abstract This study extends past research efforts that have examined the effects of gender-role portrayals on children. More specifically, the study empirically investigates whether children are aware of gender roles when exposed to ads containing either traditional (stereotyped) or nontraditional (counterstereotyped) role portrayals, and whether these portrayals have any measurable effect on their evaluations of the advertised product and advertisement. Effects due to the gender of the “voice-over” are also examined. The findings tend to suggest that role portrayals and voice-over gender may have little effect on ad and product evaluations. Interestingly, however, children's gender-appropriateness evaluations of the advertised product and advertising setting were influenced by the role-portrayal manipulations. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Impaired hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine in myeloid cancers with mutant TET2

TET2 is a close relative of TET1, an enzyme that converts 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in DNA. The gene encoding TET2 resides at chromosome 4q24, in a region showing recurrent microdeletions and copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH) in patients with diverse myeloid malignancies. Somatic TET2 mutations are frequently observed in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), MDS/MPN overlap syndromes including chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML), acute myeloid leukaemias (AML) and secondary AML (sAML). We show here that TET2 mutations associated with myeloid malignancies compromise catalytic activity. Bone marrow samples from patients with TET2 mutations displayed uniformly low levels of 5hmC in genomic DNA compared to bone marrow samples from healthy controls. Moreover, small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated depletion of Tet2 in mouse haematopoietic precursors skewed their differentiation towards monocyte/macrophage lineages in culture. There was no significant difference in DNA methylation between bone marrow samples from patients with high 5hmC versus healthy controls, but samples from patients with low 5hmC showed hypomethylation relative to controls at the majority of differentially methylated CpG sites. Our results demonstrate that Tet2 is important for normal myelopoiesis, and suggest that disruption of TET2 enzymatic activity favours myeloid tumorigenesis. Measurement of 5hmC levels in myeloid malignancies may prove valuable as a diagnostic and prognostic tool, to tailor therapies and assess responses to anticancer drugs.
Environmental Worldview in Response to Environmental Problems: Kentucky 1984 and 1988 Compared

This study examines the influence of a major environmental problem, the 1988 drought, on environmental worldview. Its aims are to both examine the stability of environmental worldview and to furthe...
A mycorrhizal pathogen (Glomus macrocarpum Tul. & Tul.) of tobacco: effects of long- and short-term cropping on the mycorrhizal fungal community and stunt disease.

Abstract A crop rotation experiment was conducted on two adjacent tracts of land differing in long-term croppin history (30 year in tall fescue pasture or 3 year in sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (SSGH).. Short-term crops were 2 years in tobacco or low-endophyte ( Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones & Gams) tall fescue. Tobacco was grown on all plots in Year 3, and data relating mycorrhizal stunt disease of tobacco and populations of the stunt pathogen, Glomus macrocarpum Tul. & Tul., and of other members of the mycorrhizal fungal community, were taken. Disease incidence was highest with SSGH-tobacco and lowest with fescue-fescue, the other two combinations being intermediate. Mycorrhizal colonization was related to disease occurence. At the beginning of the season, populations of G. macrocarpum were equally high in land with a long-term history of SSGH, regardless of its short-term history; but at the end of the season, populations of G. macrocarpum among the four treatments were proportional to the incidence of disease. Populations of four mycorrhizal fungal species which were high in land with a short-term history of fescue were depressed by production of tobacco. Monocropping of tobacco appeared to narrow the diversity of the mycorrhizal fungal community and increased the proportion which is pathogenic, the overall result being lower productivity of soil for tobacco. Crop rotation of tobacco with fescue decreased the proportion of the mycorrhizal fungal community which is pathogenic and maintained productivity of soil for tobacco.
Childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders as predictors of young adult disorders.

Context Most adults with a psychiatric disorder first met diagnostic criteria during childhood and/or adolescence, yet specific homotypic and heterotypic patterns of prediction have not been firmly established. Objective To establish which childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders predict particular young adult disorders when accounting for comorbidities, disaggregating similar disorders, and examining childhood and adolescent predictors separately. Design Eleven waves of data from the prospective population-based Great Smoky Mountains Study (N = 1420) were used. Setting The Great Smoky Mountains Study is a longitudinal study of the development of psychiatric disorder and need for mental health services in rural and urban youth. A representative sample of children was recruited from 11 counties in western North Carolina. Participants Children in the community aged 9 to 16, 19, and 21 years. Main Outcome Measures Common psychiatric disorders were assessed in childhood (ages 9-12 years) and adolescence (ages 13-16 years) with the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment and in young adulthood (ages 19 and 21 years) with the Young Adult Psychiatric Assessment. Results Adolescent depression significantly predicted young adult depression in the bivariate analysis, but this effect was entirely accounted for by comorbidity of adolescent depression with adolescent oppositional defiant disorder, anxiety, and substance disorders in adjusted analyses. Generalized anxiety and depression cross-predicted each other, and oppositional defiant disorder (but not conduct disorder) predicted later anxiety disorders and depression. Evidence of homotypic prediction was supported for substance use disorders, antisocial personality disorder (from conduct disorder), and anxiety disorders, although this effect was primarily accounted for by DSM-III-R overanxious disorder. Conclusions Stringent tests of homotypic and heterotypic prediction patterns suggest a more developmentally and diagnostically nuanced picture in comparison with the previous literature. The putative link between adolescent and young adult depression was not supported. Oppositional defiant disorder was singular in being part of the developmental history of a wide range of young adult disorders.
Membrane interactions in nerve myelin. I. Determination of surface charge from effects of pH and ionic strength on period.

We have used x-ray diffraction to study the interactions between myelin membranes in the sciatic nerve (PNS) and optic nerve (CNS) as a function of pH (2–10) and ionic strength (0–0.18). The period of myelin was found to change in a systematic manner with pH and ionic strength. PNS periods ranged from 165 to 250 A or more, while CNS periods ranged from 150 to 230 A. The native periods were observed only near physiological ionic strength at neutral or alkaline pH. The smallest periods were observed in the pH range 2.5–4 for PNS myelin and pH 2.5–5 for CNS myelin. The minimum period was also observed for PNS myelin after prolonged incubation in distilled water. At pH 4, within these acidic pH ranges, myelin period increased slightly with ionic strength; however, above these ranges, the period increased with pH and decreased with ionic strength. Electron density profiles calculated at different pH and ionic strength showed that the major structural alteration underlying the changes in period was in the width of the aqueous space at the extracellular apposition of membranes; the width of the cytoplasmic space was virtually constant. Assuming that the equilibrium myelin periods are determined by a balance of nonspecific forces/i.e., the electrostatic repulsion force and the van der Walls attractive force, as well as the short-range repulsion force (hydration force, or steric stabilization), then values in the period-dependency curve can be used to define the isoelectric pH and exclusion length of the membrane. The exclusion length, which is related to the minimum period at isoelectric pH, was used to calculate the electrostatic repulsion force given the other forces. The electrostatic repulsion was then used to calculate the surface potential, which in turn was used to calculate the surface charge density (at different pH and ionic strength). We found the negative surface charge increases with pH at constant ionic strength and with ionic strength at constant pH. We suggest that the former is due to deprotonation of the ionizable groups on the surface while the latter is due to ion binding. Interpretation of our data in terms of the chemical composition of myelin is given in the accompanying paper (Inouye and Kirschner, 1988). We also calculated the total potential energy functions for the different equilibrium periods and found that the energy minima became shallower and broader with increasing membrane separation. Finally, it was difficult to account directly for certain structural transitions from a balance of nonspecific forces.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Improved Prediction of Indoor Contaminant Distribution for Entire Buildings

This paper presents a study on improvements of multi-zone models for predicting building contaminant distribution by combining a multi-zone model with a Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model. The motivation is to avoid the long computations in the CFD model that are required for predicting concentrations in entire buildings. Two cases are investigated using the combined model and the results are compared to reliable experimental or CFD data. The comparisons show that the combined model provides better results than the multi-zone model alone in one of the cases, while in the other no major improvements were observed. Further investigation and development of the combined model is needed.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Migration Experiences of Foreign Educated Nurses: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Purpose: Global nurse migration has a recognized impact on host and source countries, but the lived experience of foreign educated nurses is an important aspect of the success of this migration. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to understand the lived migration and acculturation experiences of foreign educated nurses. Design: A systematic review of the literature, based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, was conducted. Primary research articles or secondary analyses were selected based on keyword and citation-based searches (n = 44). Findings: Nurses’ experiences included migration and licensing barriers, difficulty with communication, racism and discrimination, skill underutilization, acculturation, and the role of the family. Conclusions: Barriers encountered in host countries may impede acculturation and successful nursing practice, resulting in circular migration and poor patient safety outcomes. Implications for Practice: Soci...
Luminescence Properties of As, P, and Bi as Isoelectronic Traps in GaN

Photoluminescence spectra of high quality GaN epilayers, grown by MOCVD on sapphire substrates and implanted by isoelectronic ions: As, P, and Bi, were investigated. Post implant annealing was done at temperatures of up to 1150 °C, in a tube furnace under flowing NH3 or N2, and in a rapid thermal annealing system in ambient of N2. The PL of GaN: P annealed at 1150 °C in NH 3 exhibited strong pair-type modulated structures on the short wavelength shoulder of an emission band.The band at 2.914 eV is due to the recombination of bound exciton to P-hole isoelectronic traps (P-BE), and the modulated structure results from electron-hole recombination at pairs of neutral donors and a hole on P isoelectronic traps. The PL of GaN: As, GaN: Bi showed an emission with peaks at 2.597 eV and 3.241 eV, due to the recombination of an exciton bond to As and Bi isoelectronic-hole traps. We also studied thermal quenching excitation spectra, and PL kinetics. The experimental results are discussed using a simple spherical potential-well model for isoelectronic traps: As, P, and Bi replacing nitrogen in GaN.
Performance-oriented communication topology design for distributed control of interconnected systems

Communication networks provide a larger flexibility for the control design of interconnected systems by allowing the information exchange between the local controllers of the subsystems which can be used to improve the overall system performance. However, the interconnected systems may become unstable due to permanent communication link failures. This article presents a novel two-layer control architecture that allows to jointly improve the system performance which is the decay rate and guarantee the stability of the interconnected system under permanent communication link failures. As a novelty, the design of communication topology between the local controllers is also taken into account. On the other hand, it is still not well understood how significant the role of each possible communication link is in improving the system performance. Another novelty of this article is thus to propose a method based on eigenvalue sensitivity analysis in order to characterize the influence of each possible communication link in improving the performance of the overall system. In addition, for a special class of systems and physical interconnection topology, explicit solutions on communication topology design are derived for the first time. The solutions provide some insights into how the heterogeneity of the subsystem local dynamics, the strength of interconnection and the size of the network affect the optimal communication topology.
The method of isolation of primary cells and their subculture influences the expression of LDL receptors on pigeon and chicken embryo cells in culture

Previous studies from this laboratory have shown that pigeon embryo fibroblasts in culture, derived from embryo explants, do not express LDL receptors. In contrast, pigeon peritoneal macrophages and pigeon hepatocytes in culture express LDL receptors. The presence of an active LDL receptor pathway in pigeons has been further confirmed by in vivo studies which showed that receptor-mediated mechanisms were responsible for greater than 80 percent of whole body LDL clearance. The purpose of the present study was to determine the factors responsible for the failure of explant-derived pigeon embryo cells to express LDL receptors. To address this problem, both chicken and pigeon embryo cells were studied. Primary pigeon and chicken embryo cells isolated by collagenase digestion expressed high levels of LDL receptor activity using 125I-labelled pigeon LDL as the ligand. Cells isolated from chicken embryo by enzyme digestion expressed an approximately 10-fold greater LDL receptor activity than cells derived from explants. Pigeon LDL and beta-VLDL, but not methyl-LDL, HDL or mammalian LDL, bound to a limited number of receptors on pigeon embryo cells with specificity and high affinity. Other properties of the pigeon LDL receptor were similar to the mammalian LDL receptor with the exception that the pigeon LDL receptor was resistant to the proteolytic enzyme, pronase. In both pigeon and chicken embryo cells LDL receptor activity was lost with subsequent passage in culture. As a result, the failure of explant derived pigeon cells to express LDL receptors appears to be the result of two factors, the use of explant rather than enzyme-isolated cells and the loss of any remaining LDL receptor activity as a result of passage in culture. Whether this difference between pigeon and mammalian cells with respect to LDL receptor activity is the result of differences in the molecular structure of the pigeon LDL receptor remains to be determined.
Intra-H-2 recombination in the mouse. III. I-Region characterization of haplotypes H-2at2, H-2at3 and H-2a2.

Serological characterization of threeK-S interval recombinant strains, TBR2 (H-2at2), TBR3 (H-2at3) and AIR1 (H-2a2) was performed using anti-H-2, Ia, Ss and Slp antisera. The data presented here reveal that the crossover events in both TBR2 and TBR3 occurred between theI-A andI-E subregions. In both cases, theH-2K andI-A subregions were derived from theH-2t1 chromosome, while theI-E, S andH-2D regions were derived from theH-2b chromosome (KsAkEbSbDb). TheH-2a2 chromosome resulted from a crossover event between theH-2a1 andH-2i9 chromosomes. Ia and Ss typing of AIR1 suggested that theK toI-E regions originated fromH-2a1 and theS andD regions originated fromH-2i9 (KkAkEkSbDd).
A water extraction, static headspace sampling, gas chromatographic method to determine MTBE in heating oil and diesel fuel.

A method was developed to determine the fuel/water partition coefficient (KMTBE) of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and then used to determine low parts per million concentrations of MTBE in samples of heating oil and diesel fuel. A special capillary column designed for the separation of MTBE and to prevent coelution and a gas chromatograph equipped with a photoionization detector (PID) were used. MTBE was partitioned from fuel samples into water during an equilibration step. The water samples were then analyzed for MTBE using static headspace sampling followed by GC/PID. A mathematical relationship was derived that allowed a KMTBE value to be calculated by utilizing the fuel/water volume ratios and the corresponding PID signal. KMTBE values were found to range linearly from 3.8 to 10.9 over a temperature range of 5−40 °C. This analysis method gave a MDL of 0.7 ppm MTBE in the fuel and a relative average accuracy of ±15% by comparison with an independent laboratory using purge and trap GC/MS analysis. MTBE...
Two recent metaphysical divine command theories of ethics

L'A. s'attache a ce qu'il pense etre les deux plus interessantes theories metaphysiques du commandement divin en ce moment. Il s'agit des theories articulees par Philipp Quinn et Robert Adams. Il montre qu'aucune des deux argumentations ne peut resoudre le dilemne du commandement divin au sujet de l'ethique. L'A. assume neanmoins le fait que toute philosophie de la theorie du commandement divin fait reference au theoreme de Karamazov: si Dieu n'existe pas, tout est permis. Le probleme essentiel est de savoir si les pouvoirs normatifs de Dieu sont d'une espece differente de ceux de l'homme
Metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma simulating primary ovarian neoplasm in transvaginal Doppler sonography

Transvaginal color flow and pulsed Doppler sonography has shown promise in the evaluation and characterization of adnexal masses and may ultimately play a role in ovarian cancer screening.',' A relative increase in the diastolic flow in malignant lesions has been previously reported. Pathologic evidence suggests that this phenomenon reflects the paucity of smooth muscle within tumor vessels along with intratumoral arteriovenous We present a case of a postmenopausal woman who presented with large adnexal masses simulating primary ovarian neoplasm in gray-scale sonography that, in addition, manifested an abnormally low resistive index in the transvaginal Doppler examination. Further evaluation with computed tomography (CT) and, ultimately, laparotomy revealed metastatic spread of a mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colon to the adnexa.
Differential effects of gonadal steroids on dopamine metabolism in mesolimbic and nigro-striatal pathways of male rat brain.

Thirty days after castration the concentration of dopamine (DA) was significantly reduced in the septum and n. accumbens septi, but not in the caudate-putamen, of male rat brain. The concentrations of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), the principle metabolites of DA, also tended to be lower in septum and n. accumbens septi after castration. Chronic s.c. administration of testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), or E2 plus DHT in silastic capsules effectively reversed these effects of castration in septum and n. accumbens septi without affecting concentrations of DA, DOPAC, or HVA in caudate-putamen. The accumulation of DOPA after inhibition of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity, which was taken as an in vivo index of tyrosine hydroxylase activity, was not affected in these brain regions by long-term castration or by chronic administration of DHT to castrated males. Acute administration of haloperidol caused equivalent, significant increments in concentrations of DOPAC and HVA in all brain regions studied, regardless of whether castrated rats had been implanted with DHT capsules or no hormone. However, in the absence of haloperidol treatment the concentration of DOPAC in septum and n. accumbens septi, but not in caudate-putamen, was significantly higher in castrated rats implanted with DHT as opposed to no hormone. These results suggest that chronic exposure to T, or to its neural metabolites, E2 and DHT, selectively enhances metabolic activity in mesolimbic DA neurons.
Electrochemical oxidative cleavage of the platinum-hydrogen bond in trans-[PtHCl(PEt3)2]

The electrochemical oxidation of the platinum(II) hydride, trans-[PtHCl(PEt3)2], in CH3CN containing NBu4ClO4 at a platinum gauze electrode produces almost exclusively platinum(II) complexes as products, none of which contain platinum-hydrogen bonds. 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy and independent synthesis identify trans-[PtCl(solvent)(PEt3)2]+ as the major oxidation product. Non-aqueous acid-base titrations on the electrochemically oxidized solutions show that Pt-H cleavage occurs with H+ formation. The formal overall oxidation process is thus identified as H− → H+ and not Pt(II) → Pt(IV).
Kane, Luck, and the significance of free will

Abstract This paper raises a pair of objections to the novel libertarian position advanced in Robert Kane's recent book, The Significance of Free Will.The first objection's target is a central element in Kane's intriguing response to what he calls the “Intelligibility” and “Existence” questions about free will. It is argued that this response is undermined by considerations of luck.The second objection is directed at a portion of Kane's answer to what he calls “The Significance Question” about free will: “Why do we, or should we, want to possess a free will that is incompatible with determinism? Is it a kind of freedom ‘worth wanting’... and, if so, why?” A desire for “objective worth” has a featured role in his answer. However, a compatibilist can have that desire.
DAILY RHYTHMS OF METABOLIC HEAT PRODUCTION, BODY TEMPERATURE, AND LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY IN GOLDEN HAMSTERS

Abstract 1. 1. The body temperature, locomotor activity, and metabolic heat production of golden hamsters maintained under a 14L:10D light-dark cycle were measured at 6-min intervals over several days. 2. 2. The results confirm previous observations of a daily rhythm of locomotor activity and body temperature in this species and provide a record of daily rhythmicity in metabolic heat production. 3. 3. Data analysis indicates that the rhythm of locomotor activity affects but does not determine the rhythm of body temperature and that day-night differences in heat production are significant but play a much smaller role than differences in heat loss in the generation of the body temperature rhythm.
Colorimetric estimation of acidic polysaccharide content of Gymnodinium breve.

Abstract A colorimetric method for estimating acidic polysaccharide content of planktonic cells has been adapted. The method depends upon the spectral shift induced when polysaccharides are added to an aqueous dioxane solution of carbocyanine dye. The polysaccharide content was expressed as heparin equivalents, i.e., μg per million cells. For sodium heparin, the calibration relationship was: A600 = 0.043 μg heparin equivalent. The error in the calibration relationship is small (the standard deviation of the slope is 0.003). The method was applied to the acidic polysaccharide content of the Florida red tide organism, Gymnodinium breve. The content was higher (ave., 23.5 μg/million cells) for cells in log growth phase for lower salinities (26–34 ‰) than for higher salinities (36, 38 ‰).
Clinical uses of bone scanning

The skeleton is a frequent site of metastatic disease. Radiographic examination is not sufficiently reliable in early detection since an abnormality is unlikely to be observed until more than 50% of the bone material has been lost. Therefore, skeletal scanning represents a viable technique for demonstration of dynamic response of bone to tumor invasion. This technique provides a more sensitive method for detection of early skeletal metastatic disease. Technetium 99m labeled methylenediphosphonate seems to be the best technetium 99m labeled agent for skeletal images, although ethyline hydroxydiphosphonate may be equally good. The toxicity of the compounds is low and repetitive studies can be done for continued clinical evaluation of the patient without significant risk.
Infrared and ultraviolet absorption spectra of PO and HPO isolated in an argon matrix

Abstract Upon vacuum ultraviolet photolysis of Ar:PH3:N2O deposits at 14 K, PO is formed in sufficient concentration for observation of its vibrational fundamental absorption and of bands associated with three of its electronic transitions, and HPO is formed in sufficient concentration for the identification of both of its ground-state stretching fundamental absorptions. The infrared identifications are supported by studies of the products of the codeposition at 14 K of an Ar:PH3 sample with an Ar:O2 sample that had been passed through a microwave discharge. The matrix observations support the assignment of the B 2 Σ + -X 2 Π band system of PO as a valence transition. Detailed isotopic substitution studies have confirmed the assignment of the PH stretching fundamental of ground-state HPO near 2100 cm−1, implying a relatively weak and long PH bond. A four-constant valence force potential has been derived for HPO. Tentative infrared identifications of PO stretching absorptions of PO2 and (PO)2 are suggested.
Composite Resin Interim Restorations for Broken-Down Nonvital Posterior Teeth

An interim restoration that will protect the healthy part of a tooth is needed between the period o f initial treatment of broken-down, nonvital posterior teeth, and the final endodontic therapy. A technique is described for the fabrication of such a restoration.
Photochemoprevention of ultraviolet B signaling and photocarcinogenesis

Exposure to solar radiation, particularly its ultraviolet (UV) B component, has a variety of harmful effects on human health. Some of these effects include sunburn cell formation, basal and squamous cell cancers, melanoma, cataracts, photoaging of the skin, and immune suppression. Amongst these various adverse effects of UV radiation, skin cancer is of the greatest concern. Over the years, changes in lifestyle has led to a significant increase in the amount of UV radiation that people receive, and this consequently has led to a surge in the incidence of skin cancer. The development of skin cancer is a complex multistage phenomenon involving three distinct stages exemplified by initiation, promotion and progression stages. Each of these stages is mediated via alterations in various cellular, biochemical, and molecular changes. Initiation, the first step in the carcinogenesis process is essentially an irreversible step in which genetic alterations occur in genes that ultimately leads to DNA modification and fixation of mutation. Tumor promotion is the essential process in cancer development involving clonal expansion of initiated cells giving rise to pre-malignant and then to malignant lesions, essentially by alterations in signal transduction pathways. Tumor progression involves the conversion of pre-malignant and malignant lesions into an invasive and potentially metastatic malignant tumor. All these processes for skin cancer development involve stimulation of DNA synthesis, DNA damage and proliferation, inflammation, immunosuppression, epidermal hyperplasia, cell cycle dysregulation, depletion of antioxidant defenses, impairment of signal transduction pathways, induction of cyclooxygenase, increase in prostaglandin synthesis, and induction of ornithine decarboxylase. Photochemoprevention has been appreciated as a viable approach to reduce the occurrence of skin cancer and in recent years, the use of agents, especially botanical antioxidants, present in the common diet and beverages consumed by human population have gained considerable attention as photochemopreventive agents for human use. Many such agents have also found a place in skin care products. Although this is more common in oriental countries, its popularity is significantly growing in western countries. In this article, we have summarized the available information of laboratory studies on UVB-mediated signaling that can be exploited as targets for photochemoprevention. We suggest that the use of skin care products supplemented with proven chemopreventive agents in conjunction with the use of sunscreens along with educational efforts may be an effective strategy for reducing UV-induced photodamage and skin cancer in humans. The mechanistic basis for the use of such products is discussed.
Isolation of a homogeneous preparation of human thymidylate synthetase from HeLa cells.

Thymidylate synthetase from HeLa cells was purified to electrophoretical homogenity as a result of affinity chromatography on a 10-formyl-5,8-dideazafolate-ethyl-Sepharose column. Electrophoretical analysis of the formation of the enzyme-5-fluorodeoxyuridylate-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate complex shows the presence of two binding sites for 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate on the enzyme molecule. The molecular weight of the enzyme subunit was 36,000. The apparent Michaelis constants for dUMP and ( +/- )-l-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate were 2.0 and 31 microM, respectively. The enzyme exhibited a temperature-dependent conformational change with a transitional temperature of 35 degrees . Activation energies above and below this temperature were 8.1 and 20.3 kcal/mole, respectively.
Performance of the Thermal Infrared Sensor on-board Landsat 8 over the first year on-orbit

The Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) has completed over one year in Earth orbit following its launch onboard Landsat 8 in February 2013. During that time, TIRS has undergone initial on-orbit checkout and commissioning and has transitioned to an operational Landsat payload obtaining 500+ Earth scenes a day. The instrument was radiometrically calibrated during pre-flight characterization testing. A relative adjustment was made to the calibration during the on-orbit checkout of the instrument based on data from the onboard calibration sources to account for instrument changes that occurred through launch. The accuracy of the relative and absolute radiometric calibration depends in part on the stability of the instrument response over time. To monitor stability, TIRS routinely views its onboard calibration sources, which include a variable temperature blackbody and a port that allows the instrument to view deep space. The onboard calibration is validated by in situ measurements of large water bodies by instrumented buoys. In addition, the spacecraft is periodically slewed to image the moon across the field of view of TIRS. The moon provides a high contrast source which allows for studies of stray light and ghosting to be performed. These on-orbit methods provide the means to characterize the TIRS instrument performance post-launch. Analyses of these datasets over the first year on orbit indicate that while, internally, the instrument itself is far exceeding the noise and stability requirements, both bands were mis-calibrated by at least 2K (@300K) and had higher than expected variability in the in situ validation data. This is likely due to stray light which is also causing banding in Earth scenes. An initial bias correction was made on February 2014 and various approaches are being explored to correct the ghosting issues associated with the stray light.