cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aprotic Synthesis and Structural Determination of the Nanosized Nonprotonated ν3-Octahedral [Pt6Ni38(CO)48]6- Hexaanion Stabilized as a Cubic Solvated [NMe4]+ Salt

The nonprotonated member, 1 (n = 6), of the previously established nanosized nu3-octahedral [H(6-n)Pt6Ni38(CO)48]n- series (n = 3-6) has been isolated from an aprotic synthetic route and stabilized as the crystal-ordered cyclohexane/acetonitrile-solvated [NMe4]+ salt. A highly precise X-ray determination (cubic; Pa3; Z = 4 with 1 possessing -3 site symmetry) has allowed a comparative analysis of the nonprotonated pseudo-D3d structure of 1 with the monoprotonated structure of 2 (n = 5), which constitutes the only previously reported complete geometry of any member of this extraordinary Pt6-encapsulated nu3-octahedral Pt6Ni38 cluster series.
Changes in body composition during androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of initial treatment with a GnRH agonist on body composition in asymptomatic men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer. Forty men with locally advanced, node-positive or biochemically recurrent prostate cancer, no radiographic evidence of metastases, and no prior androgen deprivation therapy were treated with leuprolide 3-month depot 22.5 mg im every 12 wk for 48 wk. The main outcome measures were percentage changes in weight, percentage fat body mass, percentage lean body mass, fat distribution, and muscle size after 48 wk. Thirty-two subjects were evaluable. Serum T concentrations decreased by 96.3% plus or minus 0.4% (P < 0.001). Weight increased by 2.4% plus or minus 0.8% (P = 0.005). Percentage fat body mass increased by 9.4% plus or minus 1.7% (P < 0.001), and percentage lean body mass decreased by 2.7% plus or minus 0.5% (P < 0.001). Cross-sectional areas of the abdomen and abdominal sc fat increased by 3.9% plus or minus 1.2% (P = 0.003) and 11.1% pl...
Self-purging redundancy with automatic threshold adjustment

A self-purging system is proposed which uses a digital voter that automatically adjusts the threshold of the voter as failed modules are purged. The switch used is no more complex than the switch used by the self-purging redundancy proposed by Losq [6]. However, the system presented here can tolerate single module failures at any given time. This system is useful for applications in which aging or stress is the cause of failure rather than noise.
Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infections: A Review

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5915/17-2_3-12757 Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections of the neonate are associated with very high mortality and survival frequently carries neurologic sequelae. The infection is generally acquired from infected maternal genital tract. The risks of neonatal HSV infection have become magnified by the recent increase in the incidence of genital herpes. Recognition of the high risk pregnant patient, detection of maternal genital herpes by culture or histopathology, followed by delivery of the child by cesarean section will prevent intrapartum exposure to infection. Treatment of neonatal herpes with adenine arabinoside and acyclovir significantly decreases the morbidity and mortality of the disease.
On the typology of auxiliary selection

Abstract This paper extends a previous claim that auxiliary selection in the present perfect of monadic verbs reflects a pattern grounded in lexico-aspectual properties of individual verbs though mediated through their syntax. A novel argument in support of this conclusion is made, based on the cross-contextual typology of auxiliaries, showing that the cross-linguistic distribution of auxiliaries in the present perfect cannot be understood in isolation of other constructions requiring an auxiliary. In particular, it is argued that two sets of constraints restrict the mapping from lexico-aspectual features to a particular auxiliary ( have or be ). One set restricts the mapping from lexical-aspectual features to argument structure at the lexicon-syntax interface, the other restricts the mapping from argument structure to the marked member of the auxiliary pair ( have ). The analysis succeeds in predicting exactly 15 possible languages or patterns of auxiliary selection with monadic verbs, a variety of which are discussed throughout the paper. While the fundamental syntactic distinction made by the Unaccusative Hypothesis is confirmed by the formal analysis, it is argued that the present perfect imposes restrictions of its own on the argumental status of any verb entering the construction, on a par with constructions such as passives and resultatives.
Experience with the MicroSeq D2 Large-Subunit Ribosomal DNA Sequencing Kit for Identification of Filamentous Fungi Encountered in the Clinical Laboratory

Described herein is our experience with the MicroSeq D2 large-subunit rDNA sequencing kit for the identification of filamentous fungi encountered in the mycology laboratory at the Mayo Clinic. A total of 234 filamentous fungi recovered from clinical specimens were used in the evaluation. All were identified by using phenotypic characteristics as observed macroscopically and microscopically on any medium or a combination of media, which included Sabouraud's dextrose, inhibitory mold, cornmeal, Czapek-Dox, potato dextrose, and V8 juice agars; all isolates were sequenced using the MicroSeq D2 large-subunit rDNA sequencing kit. Of the of 234 isolates, 158 were correctly identified to the appropriate genus or genus and species by using nucleic acid sequencing. Sequences for 70 (29.9%) of the isolates (27 genera) were not included in the MicroSeq library. Of the 80 dematiaceous and 154 hyaline fungi sequenced, 65 and 51.2%, respectively, gave results concordant with those determined by phenotypic identification. Nucleic acid sequencing using the MicroSeq D2 large-subunit rDNA sequencing kit offers promise of being an accurate identification system; however, the associated library needs to include more of the clinically important genera and species.
Photophysics of supramolecular binary stacks consisting of electron-rich trinuclear Au(I) complexes and organic electrophiles

Abstract Two nucleophilic trinuclear Au(I) ring complexes, Au3((p-tolyl)N = C(OEt))3, 1, and Au3(μ-C2,N3-bzim)3, 2, form sandwich adducts with organic Lewis acids (C6F6 and C10F8) and electron acceptors (tetracyanoquinodimethane, TCNQ), a neutral polyfunctional inorganic Lewis acid (Hg3(o-C6F4)3), and naked heavy metal cations (Tl+ and Ag+). Fascinating photophysical properties are associated with the adducts formed, including external heavy-atom effect leading to room-temperature phosphorescence of aromatic molecules, quenching of luminescence upon exposure to organic vapors, and sensitization of metal-centered emissions in supramolecular stacks with luminescence thermochromism. Intermolecular interactions, including M–M bonding and π acid–base interactions, play the major role in influencing the luminescence properties.
Changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM-associated proteins in the metastatic progression of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer (PCa) is no exception to the multi-step process of metastasis. As PCa progresses, changes occur within the microenvironments of both the malignant cells and their targeted site of metastasis, enabling the necessary responses that result in successful translocation. The majority of patients with progressing prostate cancers develop skeletal metastases. Despite advancing efforts in early detection and management, there remains no effective, long-term cure for metastatic PCa. Therefore, the elucidation of the mechanism of PCa metastasis and preferential establishment of lesions in bone is an intensive area of investigation that promises to generate new targets for therapeutic intervention. This review will survey what is currently know concerning PCa interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the roles of factors within the tumor and ECM microenvironments that contribute to metastasis. These will be discussed within the context of changes in expression and functional heterodimerization patterns of integrins, changes in ECM expression and reorganization by proteases facilitating invasion. In this context we also provide a brief summary of how growth factors (GFs), cytokines and regulatory signaling pathways favor PCa metastasis to bone.
Disruption of large-scale neural networks in non-fluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia associated with frontotemporal degeneration pathology

Non-fluent/agrammatic primary progressive aphasia (naPPA) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition most prominently associated with slowed, effortful speech. A clinical imaging marker of naPPA is disease centered in the left inferior frontal lobe. We used multimodal imaging to assess large-scale neural networks underlying effortful expression in 15 patients with sporadic naPPA due to frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) spectrum pathology. Effortful speech in these patients is related in part to impaired grammatical processing, and to phonologic speech errors. Gray matter (GM) imaging shows frontal and anterior-superior temporal atrophy, most prominently in the left hemisphere. Diffusion tensor imaging reveals reduced fractional anisotropy in several white matter (WM) tracts mediating projections between left frontal and other GM regions. Regression analyses suggest disruption of three large-scale GM-WM neural networks in naPPA that support fluent, grammatical expression. These findings emphasize the role of large-scale neural networks in language, and demonstrate associated language deficits in naPPA.
Multichannel active noise control algorithms using inverse filters

In this paper, a simple inverse structure for multichannel active noise control (ANC) is introduced. This structure, combined with adaptive FIR filters and filtered-x LMS-based algorithms, can produce both a reduction of the computational load and an increase of the convergence speed, compared to the standard multichannel filtered-x LMS algorithm or its fast exact realizations. The proposed structure is based on the use of delayed non-causal models of the inverse plant between some error sensors (typically microphones in ANC systems) and some actuators (typically loudspeakers). Simulations using models of a realistic acoustic plant and inverse plant were performed, and the convergence gain that can be achieved with the proposed structure was demonstrated, while reducing the computational load of the control algorithm.
Booms and Busts: How Parliamentary Governments and Economic Context Influence Welfare Policy

A crowded field of research has focused on the relationship between government ideology and welfare policy. In advancing this work, I refocus the debate on how the economic context can affect the manner in which governments shape welfare spending. In my analyses of social expenditures during times of economic booms and busts, I find that governments in recessions relax their ideological visions, while those in periods of prosperity have the room to make discretionary policy changes. By combining theories of government behavior with assumptions about preferences during diverse economic climates, these findings show how the economic environment affects governments’ abilities to implement ideological policies. More importantly, this transcends the extant literature, resulting in a more complete picture of the relationship between politics and welfare policies.
Defining and assessing the scholarship of teaching in nursing.

Scholarship of teaching is inquiry about learning and teaching—asking questions about what works best and why and seeking answers through a systematic approach. This article provides a broad view of the scholarship of teaching in nursing, which captures the richness and breadth of our scholarship as nurse educators. The article suggests strategies for transforming teaching into scholarship and products of the scholarship of teaching for performance assessment.
Differences in body composition of black and white girls

Adults have racial differences in body composition that may modulate risks resulting from obesity. Although black and white children have been shown previously to have differences in bone mineral density and subcutaneous body fat, differences in visceral adipose tissue have not been evaluated. We studied 20 black and 20 white normal-weight girls aged 7-10 y, who were matched for weight, body mass index (BMI), bone age, chronological age, Tanner breast stage, and socioeconomic status. Each underwent anthropometric measurements, bioelectrical impedance analysis, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for determination of total (TAT), visceral (VAT), and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue. Serum lipids and fasting and 2-h oral-glucose-tolerance test (OGTT) glucose and insulin concentrations were also measured. There were no differences between groups in absolute waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio, but waist-to-thigh ratio was smaller in black than in white girls. Black girls had greater bone mineral density and less TAT, VAT, and SAT than whites. VAT was not significantly correlated with any measure of insulin, or with serum lipids. However, both basal and 2-h OGTT serum insulin were significantly correlated with SAT as assessed by MRI in black girls (r2 = 0.46 for basal insulin, P = 0.001: r2 = 0.31 for 2-h insulin, P = 0.01) but not in white girls (r2 < 0.05, for basal and 2-h insulin, NS). We conclude that there are significant racial differences in body composition and differences in the strength of association between abdominal adipose tissue depots and insulin sensitivity in black and white girls.
Nanomatertials as Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Sensors

In2O3 nanowire and carbon nanotube transistors were used to study the chemical gating effects in response to LDL particles. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in blood constitutes a risk factor for coronary artery disease (heart attack). The interactions of LDL particles with these two different surfaces were investigated. The degree of LDL particles binding to carbon nanotubes was ten-fold higher than to In2O3 nanowires possibly owing to the hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions. The conductance of field effect transistors (FET) based on nanowires and nanotubes showed complementary responses after exposure to LDL particles. While In2O3 nanowire transistors exhibited higher conductance accompanied by a negative shift of the threshold voltage, nanotube transistors displayed a lower conductance. This phenomenon was attributed to the complementary doping between the n-type In2O3 nanowires and p-type carbon nanotubes.
BTeV low-beta optics in the Tevatron

A low-/spl beta/ insertion has been designed for the BTeV experiment to be installed in the Tevatron C0 straight section. With /spl plusmn/12 m for detector space, a /spl beta/* of 0.5 m can be achieved using 170 T/m magnets in the final focus triplets. A half-crossing angle of 240 /spl mu/r keeps the beams separated by 5/spl sigma/ at the 2nd parasitic crossing; 39.5 m from the IP. There are two possible low-/spl beta/ Tevatron collider operating modes: CDF & D0 with collisions, but not C0, and; C0 with collisions, but not B0 or D0.
Spectral imaging, reflectivity measurements, and modeling of iridescent butterfly scale structures

An innovative device for spectral imaging and reflectivity measurements is developed to study iridescent butterfly scales. Of par- ticular interest is the bright blue Morpho menelaus butterfly. The device called the microscale reflectance spectrometer (MicroRS) is used to measure spectral reflectivity for the M. menelaus between 400 and 900 nm. Different optical effects such as thin-film interference, scattering, and diffraction are examined in an attempt to understand the microstructure of an M. menelaus iridescent butterfly scale. The MicroRS apparatus uses a modified microscope and CCD camera to examine spectral re- flectivity of areas as small as 0.348 30.348 mm 2 . Some individual fea- tures of an M. menelaus scale are found to be of the same order of magnitude or smaller than the resolution of the MicroRS device. As a result, individual pixel analysis is used to determine only that the scale structure produced high reflectivity, 40 to 70%, between 450 and 550 nm and very low reflectivity, less than 8%, above 600 nm. An average reflec- tivity over a larger area is taken, resulting in a peak of 68% at 500 nm. This explains the bright blue iridescence seen from the M. menelaus wing. Results are used in conjunction with a thin-film numerical program to develop a complex model of the butterfly scale structure. The structure includes 24 alternating layers of chitin and air. A complex combination of an effective index of refraction and effective area model is used to match the reflectivity of an M. menelaus butterfly scale. © 2001 Society of Photo-
High-energy femtosecond fiber lasers based on pulse propagation at normal dispersion

The generation and stable propagation of ultrashort optical pulses tend to be limited by accumulation of excessive nonlinear phase shifts. The limitations are particularly challenging in fiber-based devices, and as a result, short-pulse fiber lasers have lagged behind bulk solid-state lasers in performance. This article will review several new modes of pulse formation and propagation in fiber lasers. These modes exist with large normal cavity dispersion, and so are qualitatively distinct from the soliton-like processes that have been exploited effectively in modern femtosecond lasers but which are also quite limiting. Self-similar evolution can stabilize high-energy pulses in fiber lasers, and this leads to order-of-magnitude increases in performance: fiber lasers that generate 10 nJ pulses of 100 fs duration are now possible. Pulse-shaping based on spectral filtering of a phase-modulated pulse yields similar performance, from lasers that have no intracavity dispersion control. These new modes feature highly-chirped pulses in the laser cavity, and a theoretical framework offers the possibility of unifying our view of normal-dispersion femtosecond lasers. Instruments based on these new pulse-shaping mechanisms offer performance that is comparable to that of solid-state lasers but with the major practical advantages of fiber.
Discrete event fluid modeling of background TCP traffic

TCP is the most widely used transport layer protocol used in the Internet today. A TCP session adapts the demands it places on the network to observations of bandwidth availability on the network. Because TCP is adaptive, any model of its behavior that aspires to be accurate must be influenced by other network traffic. This point is especially important in the context of using simulation to evaluate some new network algorithm of interest (e.g., reliable multicast) in an environment where the background traffic affects---and is affected by---its behavior. We need to generate background traffic efficiently in a way that captures the salient features of TCP, while the reference and background traffic representations interact with each other. This article describes a fluid model of TCP and a switching model that has flows represented by fluids interacting with packet-oriented flows. We describe conditions under which a fluid model produces exactly the same behavior as a packet-oriented model, and we quantify the performance advantages of the approach both analytically and empirically. We observe that very significant speedups may be attained while keeping high accuracy.
An optimal algorithm for scheduling soft-aperiodic tasks in fixed-priority preemptive systems

A novel algorithm for servicing soft deadline aperiodic tasks in a real-time system in which hard deadline periodic tasks are scheduled using a fixed priority algorithm is presented. This algorithm is proved to be optimal in the sense that it provides the shortest aperiodic response time among all possible aperiodic service methods. Simulation studies show that it offers substantial performance improvements over current approaches, including the sporadic server algorithm. Moreover, standard queuing formulas can be used to predict aperiodic response times over a wide range of conditions. The algorithm can be extended to schedule hard deadline aperiodics and to efficiently reclaim unused periodic service time when periodic tasks have stochastic execution times. >
Heme protein biosensors

The recent discovery that heme proteins can serve as molecular biosensors has opened up a new direction in heme biochemistry directed towards elucidating their structure-function relationships. Examples of such sensory heme proteins include the FixL proteins of Rhizobia involved in oxygen sensing, the CooA protein of Rhodospirillum rubrum that senses CO, and the mammalian soluble guanylate cyclase—the only proven nitric oxide receptor. This overview summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the roles and mechanisms of these novel proteins and discusses the evidence for other putative heme protein sensors. These topics will be presented in the Heme Protein Biosensors Symposium at the First International Conference of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines in Dijon, France.
Immunity of replicating Mu to self-integration: a novel mechanism employing MuB protein

We describe a new immunity mechanism that protects actively replicating/transposing Mu from self-integration. We show that this mechanism is distinct from the established cis-immunity mechanism, which operates by removal of MuB protein from DNA adjacent to Mu ends. MuB normally promotes integration into DNA to which it is bound, hence its removal prevents use of this DNA as target. Contrary to what might be expected from a cis-immunity mechanism, strong binding of MuB was observed throughout the Mu genome. We also show that the cis-immunity mechanism is apparently functional outside Mu ends, but that the level of protection offered by this mechanism is insufficient to explain the protection seen inside Mu. Thus, both strong binding of MuB inside and poor immunity outside Mu testify to a mechanism of immunity distinct from cis-immunity, which we call 'Mu genome immunity'. MuB has the potential to coat the Mu genome and prevent auto-integration as previously observed in vitro on synthetic A/T-only DNA, where strong MuB binding occluded the entire bound region from Mu insertions. The existence of two rival immunity mechanisms within and outside the Mu genome, both employing MuB, suggests that the replicating Mu genome must be segregated into an independent chromosomal domain. We propose a model for how formation of a 'Mu domain' may be aided by specific Mu sequences and nucleoid-associated proteins, promoting polymerization of MuB on the genome to form a barrier against self-integration.
Induced Abortion—A World Review

One of Christopher Tietze’s major activities in his last years was the compilation of international statistics on legal abortion and their publication in a widely distributed factbook called Induced Abortion: A World Review (Tietze, 1983). When he died, he was working on the Sixth Edition, which was scheduled to be published in the spring of 1985. Because of the wealth of useful information about legal abortion that Chris included in the report and the importance of having recent statistics available in one source, the Alan Guttmacher Institute has undertaken to continue the project. We anticipate that the Sixth Edition will be published in 1986, and we plan to continue to publish updated editions every two years or so.
Nano-Wear-Particulates Elicit a Size and Dose Dependent Response by RAW 264.7 Cells

Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and metals, primarily Ti and Co-Cr alloys are widely used to make components of orthopaedic implants. Cellular response to their wear-particulates depends on their size and dose. Although biological response to larger particles has been previously studied, there are no specific studies examining cellular response to simultaneous administration of well characterized clinically relevant size ranges of both UHMWPE and Ti particles less than 0.2 μm in size. The overall hypothesis for this work is that RAW 264.7 cells will display a more robust negative response to nanaoparticulates as compared to larger particles. Isolation of ’clean’ simulated wear particles has been an issue and we in our lab have been able to develop a standardized and reproducible technique to isolate, characterize and fractionate (following ASTM F-1877 standards) both UHMWPE and Ti particles into 3 distinct size ranges [1.0-10.0 μm (micron), 0.2-1.0 μm (submicron) and 0.01-0.2 μm (nano)] from periprosthetic tissue explants and furthermore minimize clumping, thus facilitate disaggregation and isolation of individual particles into micron-, submicron and nano-fractions. Cells were treated for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h with various doses (103, 105, 107) and sizes (mentioned above) of both UHMWPE and Ti particles. Proliferation was determined by counting the number of cells at the specified time periods. Preliminary studies reveal early stimulatory and late inhibitory effect on cell proliferation. At 24 h, the nanofraction particles elicited a proliferative response by the cells, though statistically not significant, but at 72 h there was a significant inhibitory response. The response was dose and size dependent and the cells exhibited an inhibitory response to the nanofraction particulates only at the highest dose. To mimic in vivo conditions, further studies are being conducted and will involve administration of dual wear particulates that will help understand cellular response to wear particulates.
The Politics of Fatherhood

Fatherhood is rapidly becoming the number one social policy issue in America. President Bill Clinton stated in 1995 that “the single biggest social problem in our society may be the growing absence of fathers from their children's homes, because it contributes to so many other social problems.” In 1997, Congress created task forces to promote fatherhood, and in 1998 the governors' and mayors' conferences followed. President George W. Bush recently unveiled a $315 million dollar package for “responsible fatherhood.” Nonprofit organizations such as the National Fatherhood Initiative were formed in the mid-1990s. Fatherhood was seen as the most serious social problem by almost 80% of respondents to a 1996 Gallup poll (NFI 1996, 1).
Deciphering Prometheus: Temporal change in the skill level of work.

Major hypotheses about temporal change in the skill levels of work correspond to notions of upgrading, downgrading, and little net change. This paper identifies reasons why research has been equivocal on the larger question. Research designs yield differing conclusions: aggregate studies suggest little net change in recent years; case studies portray more volatile upgrading and downgrading within subsectors. A comprehensive answer to the question of skill transformation will require more systematic assessment of compositional and work content shifts, more complete sampling of the temporal and spatial domain, and better concepts and measures for skill. An improved approach includes direct measurement of two primary dimensions of skill, substantive complexity and autonomy-control. A review of existing aggregate studies illustrates the methodological problems and suggests future directions and hypotheses.
On (not) giving up: animals, biopolitics, and the impersonal in J.M. Coetzee's Disgrace

This article examines how David Lurie's peculiar inability to grasp his increasing intimacy with animals in J.M. Coetzee's Disgrace marks a significant departure from Coetzee's treatment of human–animal relations in other texts. If The Lives of Animals considers changing how human beings treat animals by focusing on rights, empathy, and the imagination oriented around ‘the person’ as individual subject, then Disgrace documents a strikingly different process via the ‘impersonal’, whereby an intermediary space between the personal and non-personal emerges in order to accommodate human and non-human animals alike. Lurie's curiously opaque experience can thus be accounted for, first, by Coetzee's career-long use of narrative strategies that displace the authority of the person as writer or character and, second, by recent discussions of the animal as a philosophical category by biopolitical analysts such as Roberto Esposito, who has staked out the impersonal as the most promising strategy for expanding the hu...
Estrogenic properties of 3,9-dihydroxy-7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in rats.

Previously, the 3,9-dihydroxy derivative of benz[a]-anthracene was shown to be weakly estrogenic. The availability of the related diol of the mammary carcinogen dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene, i.e., 3,9-dihydroxy-7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (3,9-diOHDMBA), prompted a similar study of its estrogenic properties. The competitive binding studies of 3,9-diOHDMBA with 17beta-estradiol in the uterine cytosol of immature SD rats gave a Ka of 1.7 x 10(8) M-1. 17beta-Estradiol (10(-9) M) binding to the 8S binding protein was inhibited by 3,9-diOHDMBA at concentrations similar to those of nafoxidine HCl (1 x 10(-5) M). Bioassay demonstrated that the diol possesses 1/4,464 the activity of 17beta-estradiol.
Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Medullary thyroid carcinoma accounts for 5 to 10 per cent of all thyroid malignancies and may occur in a familial or a sporadic pattern. This article reviews the authors’ experience with 200 patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma and outlines the recent advances made in our understanding of the biochemical properties of these cancer cells and the relationship of different tumor markers to prognosis.
Cuneiform osteotomy in the treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis.

This study of wedge osteotomy in the treatment of marked slipping of the capital femoral epiphysis, with a follow-up of from one and a half to twelve years (average, 5.8 years), evaluates index of hip function, roentgenographic changes, gait, and history of pain. Good results are dependent upon good exposure, extreme care in preservation of the blood supply to the femoral head, adequate wedge resection of the femoral neck, effecting a valgus position of the epiphysis at surgery, proper placement of the plane of osteotomy, and adequate internal fixation supplemented by external fixation when necessary.
Understanding the Strengths and Weaknesses of a Firm’s Overall Restaurant Brand Image: An Importance Performance Analysis

In increasingly competitive and complex retailing environments, the overall brand image, or a customer’s expression of their global attitudinal impressions of the brand, represents a critical construct with many close associations with key performance indicators and metrics (e.g., satisfaction, loyalty, etc.). Although prior research highlights the importance of overall retail brand image to key performance outcomes such as customer satisfaction and intentions to recommend, this research seeks to answer a more fundamental question: how does the overall retail brand image of one brand compare to another brand? In this paper, we examine a specific type of overall retail brand image—a restaurant’s overall brand image—to determine the composition, strengths, and weaknesses of the restaurant’s overall brand image for four known restaurant brands (Applebee’s Grill & Bar, Chili’s Grill & Bar, Morton’s the Steakhouse, and Ruth’s Chris Steakhouse). In addition to identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the restaurant’s overall brand image, we compare the restaurant’s overall brand image between casual-dining and fine-dining restaurants. To answer our main research question, we employ a multiple methods research methodology, combining insights gathered from qualitative in-depth interviews with restaurant customers and a broader online restaurant survey with American restaurant customers. Data from the online restaurant survey was analyzed through importance performance analysis, a hybrid method useful for understanding the strengths and weaknesses of a product, brand, etc., based on the underpinnings of confirmation/disconfirmation theory, latitudes of performance, and perceptual mapping (Ortinau 2008; Tillman 1967). Counterintuitively, the importance performance analysis reveals that customers are willing to accept lower levels of performance on some attributes for fine-dining restaurants (e.g., convenience, competitive prices), while preferring higher performance on all attributes for casual-dining restaurants. This finding suggests the type of restaurant needs to be considered as a moderator of overall restaurant brand image. Results further suggest that there exists little differentiation between competitors’ performance on important attributes within the restaurant category, unveiling an opportunity for managers to focus resources on achieving meaningful comparative advantage on key restaurant attributes.
Consanguinity Protocols, Kinship and Incest in Literature of the Anglo-Saxon through Early Renaissance Periods

iii Acknowledgments iv Dedication v Chapter 1 – Introduction 1 Chapter 2 – Sexuality & Incest 8 Chapter 3 – Papal and Affinity Regulations 14 Chapter 4 – Beowulf 23 Chapter 5 – Arthurian Eroticism 31 Chapter 6 – Chaucer & Gower 43 Chapter 7 – Renaissance Drama 55 Chapter 8 – Conclusion 65 Bibliography 70 Curriculum Vitae 75
Spanish language and Latino ethnicity in children's television programs

Dora the Explorer is a popular children's television program remarkable for its success among young children and their parents, its Latina title character, and its use of Spanish in a show for mainstream audiences. Several children's shows currently feature Latino principal characters and incorporate Spanish vocabulary and dialogue. This new phenomenon corresponds to the growth of the Latino population; these programs act as agents of socialization for the next generation, a generation that will have more Latino/Latina members than ever before. This paper examines three children's programs: Dora the Explorer, Dragon Tales, and Maya & Miguel in terms of the links between Spanish language and Latino ethnicity. How is Spanish used (what is its didactic purpose, if any; who speaks it and how is it spoken)? What messages about Latinos, Spanish, and multiculturalism are communicated through the shows’ characterization, setting, and language use? Based on content analysis of 10 episodes of each show, this study finds three different portrayals of the links between language and ethnic identity in the three shows.
A Review of Early Sport Specialization in Relation to the Development of a Young Athlete

Background: The overall physical and psychological development of a young athlete is crucial for the enjoyment of physical activity for a lifetime. Children, as well as parents, tend to focus on individual accomplishment in sport despite any other aspect of physical development or appropriate training. Objective: the pressure to excel in sport has all too often brought about negative consequences through specialization at an early age. Method: A review and commentary report on the impact of early sport specialization on the physical and psychological development of a young athlete. Conclusion: A long-term, activity and age-appropriate developmental model is essential to those involved in training young athletes. Sport specialization may be appropriate in unique situations but only after the development of specific skills, abilities, and psychological maturity. As sport professionals, parents and coaches should be educated the pros/cons of early sport specialization. Ultimately, the focus on sport participation should be to increase physical activity, psychological development, and appreciation for a lifetime.
Evaluating the contributions of muscle activity and joint kinematics to weight perception across multiple joints

Perceived heaviness is clearly a function of muscle activity: objects feel heavy, in part because they are lifted with more force than lighter feeling objects. Recent research showed that participants scale their perceptions to the ratio of muscle activity to lift acceleration during elbow lifts (Waddell et al. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 42:363–374, 2016). The current study sought psychophysiological functions relating perceived heaviness to EMG and peak lift acceleration across multiple lifts employing different muscles as prime movers. Participants lifted objects with three arm lifts—shoulder, elbow, and wrist—and reported perceived heaviness. In each lift, EMG was recorded from the anterior deltoid, biceps brachii, and forearm flexors, and peak angular acceleration was recorded about each joint. The resulting psychophysiological functions revealed the hypothesized ratio of muscle activity to peak lift acceleration in all lifts. Principal component regressions showed that the EMG of the forearm flexors and peak acceleration of the lifting joint were most relevant for perceived heaviness. The special role of forearm flexors in perceiving heaviness across different lifts was interpreted in terms of the invariant structure of the inertia tensor about the wrist.
Classification and Species of Paramecium

In a detailed study of the writings of Antony van Leeuwenhoek, Dobell (1932) maintained that this discoverer of bacteria and protozoa observed members of the genus Paramecium as early as 1674 and 1677. The frontispiece shows him holding one of his hand-crafted, single-lens microscopes (see also Fig. 1.1). For illumination, Leeuwenhoek used the light of a candle or sunlight, sometimes in conjunction with magnifying mirrors, but he never divulged his method of observation, which appeared to be a closely guarded secret. In his letters to the Royal Society of London, he noted, however, that the objects in his microscope appeared bright and clear against a black background.
Biomass Gasification for Power Generation: A Comparison with Steam Boilers in the Brazilian Scenario

This work compares biomass gasification and conventional direct combustion in steam boilers for producing power in the context of Brazilian sugar cane mills. The objective of this technical report is to show that gasification could be a more attractive way to convert biomass in energy, compared to using steam boilers, which in some cases can show a low efficiency. The idea is to use the gasifiers in sugarcane mills that have low pressure boilers (21 to 42 kgf/cm 2 ) that are currently dedicated only to generate steam or electrical power for the mill own energy consumption. The results shows that gasification could be a cost-effective alternative for power production in Brazilian sugar cane plants with some additional advantages like the bagasse usage between the season and off-season periods to maintain a constant power generation throughout the entire year, higher energy availability and efficiency. However, nowadays in Brazil the economic advantage of gasification depends highly on political support and reliable long-term stable political framework conditions with an enough timeframe for the development, construction and operation of biomass gasification plants.
Probabilistic Analysis of the Impact of Vessel Speed Restrictions on Navigational Safety: Accounting for the Right Whale Rule

The Right Whale Sighting Advisory System (RWSAS) is a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries program designed to reduce collisions between vessels and critically endangered North Atlantic right whales. The vessel speed restriction that is part of the RWSAS presents navigation stakeholders with numerous challenges, owing to concerns about increased risks of ship grounding and collisions within ports. In this paper, we present a multi-methodology framework for assessing the impact of the vessel speed restriction on navigational safety. Empirically, we base our discussion in a first-order analysis of ship grounding risk for the Charleston Entrance Channel. Our analysis proceeds in three parts. We begin by using fault and event tree analyses to assess a relevant set of grounding-related event progression and failure probabilities. The influence of alternative vessel speed restrictions on ship grounding risk are then explored via a Bayesian network model that utilises the previously specified fault and event tree models for its partial specification and enumeration. Our analysis suggests that the speed restriction can, under certain reasonable assumptions, be seen to adversely impact the risk of ship grounding accidents in the Charleston Entrance Channel. We conclude with a summary of our findings and recommendations for future research.
Network-wide adaptive tolling for connected and automated vehicles

Abstract This article proposes Δ-tolling, a simple adaptive pricing scheme which only requires travel time observations and two tuning parameters. These tolls are applied throughout a road network, and can be updated as frequently as travel time observations are made. Notably, Δ-tolling does not require any details of the traffic flow or travel demand models other than travel time observations, rendering it easy to apply in real-time. The flexibility of this tolling scheme is demonstrated in three specific traffic modeling contexts with varying traffic flow and user behavior assumptions: a day-to-day pricing model using static network equilibrium with link delay functions; a within-day adaptive pricing model using the cell transmission model and dynamic routing of vehicles; and a microsimulation of reservation-based intersection control for connected and autonomous vehicles with myopic routing. In all cases, Δ-tolling produces significant benefits over the no-toll case, measured in terms of average travel time and social welfare, while only requiring two parameters to be tuned. Some optimality results are also given for the special case of the static network equilibrium model with BPR-style delay functions.
Preterm birth disrupts cerebellar development by affecting granule cell proliferation program and Bergmann glia.

Preterm birth is a leading cause of long-term motor and cognitive deficits. Clinical studies suggest that some of these deficits result from disruption of cerebellar development, but the mechanisms that mediate cerebellar abnormalities in preterm infants are largely unknown. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether preterm birth and precocious exposure to the ex-utero environment directly disrupt cerebellar development or indirectly by increasing the probability of cerebellar injury, including that resulting from clinical interventions and protocols associated with the care of preterm infants. In this study, we analyzed the cerebellum of preterm pigs delivered via c-section at 91% term and raised for 10 days, until term-equivalent age. The pigs did not receive any treatments known or suspected to affect cerebellar development and had no evidence of brain damage. Term pigs sacrificed at birth were used as controls. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that preterm birth did not affect either size or numbers of Purkinje cells or molecular layer interneurons at term-equivalent age. The number of granule cell precursors and Bergmann glial fibers, however, were reduced in preterm pigs. Preterm pigs had reduced proliferation but not differentiation of granule cells. qRT-PCR analysis of laser capture microdissected external granule cell layer showed that preterm pigs had a reduced expression of Ccnd1 (Cyclin D1), Ccnb1 (Cyclin B1), granule cell master regulatory transcription factor Atoh1, and signaling molecule Jag1. In vitro rescue experiments identified Jag1 as a central granule cell gene affected by preterm birth. Thus, preterm birth and precocious exposure to the ex-utero environment disrupt cerebellum by modulating expression of key cerebellar developmental genes, predominantly affecting development of granule precursors and Bergmann glia.
Using a Social Capital Lens to Identify the Mechanisms of Top Management Commitment: A Case Study of a Technology Project

The implementation of large-scale technology projects is still fraught with failures resulting in tremendous costs to organizations. One of the factors that is widely recognized as critical for achieving technology implementation success (and, for that matter, projects in general) is top management commitment. The actual mechanisms by which top management impacts project success, however, have not received much attention in the project management literature. We use a case study approach here to illustrate how social capital theory provides a useful lens for understanding how top management's actions impact project success and show how project success is strengthened by the enhancement of social capital through top management commitment. We employ causal maps to clarify, illustrate, and visualize the complex interactions between top management commitment and social capital in facilitating project success. This study contributes to the literature and theory on the mechanisms by which top management commitment influences project success by offering propositions for future research.
LEARNING IN COMMON VALUE AUCTIONS

We distinguish between two types of learning processes on the part of decision makers: (1) Those in which competitive selection forces drive from the market all but the efficient profit maximizers, and in which agents act as efficient profit maximizers in response to displacements from equilibrium and (2) trial and error learning processes that may result in stable response functions that are not “best replies”, and in which agents fail to “understand” the underlying economic process, so that changes in economic conditions result in sharp disruptions to the market, and the learning process must repeat itself. Data from a series of common value auction market experiments indicates that the second of these two learning processes characterizes behavior in these markets as bidders adjust to the “winner’s curse”.
Role of biotechnology to produce plants resistant to fungal pathogens

Fungal pathogens produce a wide variety of chemically distinct compounds, some of which facilitate their invasion and infections, making fungi infection formidable opponents. In order to fight fungal diseases, extensive research is being carried out in laboratories worldwide to identify suitable plant genes that function in fungal resistance. This pursuit is increasingly possible due to rapid advances in technology that has led to affordable and faster methods for next generation sequencing of DNA, RNA, and proteins of both host plants and pathogens. Under controlled conditions, it has been demonstrated that modifying the expression of genes in transgenic plants has improved resistance against fungal pathogens. However, most of this research has not progressed beyond the laboratory. This is in part due to the high costs of producing and deregulating transgenic plants that can be grown by the farmer. Another reason why fungal resistant transgenic plants are lagging is because fungi are more complex pathogens requiring more sophisticated strategies. But there are a few promising examples where transgenic plants have been tested under field conditions over several years and it is possible that we may see them commercially in the near future. We also expect that the advances in sequencing technology will aid in the understanding of the interactions between plant and pathogen, thereby broadening the pool of candidate genes that can be used to produce transgenic plants resistant to fungal diseases.