cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhanced PKCε mediated phosphorylation of connexin43 at serine 368 by a carboxyl-terminal mimetic peptide is dependent on injury.

The gap junction (GJ) protein connexin (Cx43) is important for organized action potential propagation between mammalian cardiomyocytes. Disruption of the highly ordered distribution of Cx43 GJs is characteristic of cardiac tissue after ischemic injury. We recently demonstrated that epicardial administration of a peptide mimetic of the Cx43 carboxyl-terminus reduced pathologic remodeling of Cx43 GJs and protected against induced arrhythmias following ventricular injury. Treatment of injuries with the carboxyl-terminal peptide was associated with an increase in phosphorylation at serine 368 of the Cx43 carboxyl-terminus. Here, we report that Cx43 peptide treatment of uninjured hearts does not prompt a similar increase in phosphorylation. Moreover, we show that peptide treatment of undisturbed cultured HeLa cells expressing a Cx43 construct also exhibit no changes in Cx43 phosphorylation at serine 368. However, in parallel with the results in vivo, a trend of increasing phosphorylation at serine 368 was obse...
Stress, Social Supports, and Adaptational Patterns in Hmong Refugee Families.

This study examines the relationship between stress and social support systems of Hmong refugees and how these systems are related to family adaptational patterns. Through a survey conducted in 1983 involving twenty-five families in Memphis, Tennessee, we discovered that Hmong refugees tend to rely heavily on their own families and friends when faced with stressful situations. At the same time, the refugees are well aware of the availability of a wide network of social service programs and may in the future shift toward greater utilization of these services. Our study, thus, has important implications for social service practitioners working with Hmong refugees.
Fibroblastic synoviocytes secrete plasma proteins via α2 -macroglobulins serving as intracellular and extracellular chaperones.

Changes in plasma protein levels in synovial fluid (SF) have been implicated in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It was previously thought that the presence of plasma proteins in SF reflected ultrafiltration or extravasation from the vasculature, possibly due to retraction of inflamed endothelial cells. Recent proteomic analyses have confirmed the abundant presence of plasma proteins in SF from control and arthritic patients. Systematic depletion of high-abundance plasma proteins from SF and conditioned media from synoviocytes cultured in serum, and protein analysis under denaturing/reducing conditions have limited our understanding of sources and the native structures of "plasma protein" complexes in SF. Using Western blotting, qPCR, and mass spectrometry, we found that Hig-82 lapine fibroblastic synovicytes cultured under serum-free conditions expressed and secreted plasma proteins, including the cytokine-binding protein secreted phosphoprotein 24 kDa (Spp24) and many of the proteases and protease inhibitors found in SF. Treating synoviocytes with TGF-β1 or BMP-2 for 24 h upregulated the expression of plasma proteins, including Spp24, α2 -HS-glycoprotein, α1 -antitrypsin, IGF-1, and C-reactive protein. Furthermore, many of the plasma proteins of mass <151 kDa were secreted as disulfide-bound complexes with members of the α2 -macroglobulin (A2M) family, which serve as intracellular and extracellular chaperones, not protease inhibitors. Using brefeldin A to block vesicular traffic and protease inhibitors to inhibit endogenous activation of naive A2M, we demonstrated that the complexes were formed in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen and that Ca(2+) cysteine protease-dependent processes are involved.
Revitalizing the humanistic imperative in nursing education.

Abstract This article describes a teaching strategy that focuses students' attention on the humanistic imperative in nursing practice. The Humanistic Teaching Method provides a framework for adapting nursing courses to accommodate person-to-person, human-centered nursing care alongside scientific and technological competencies. Through this approach, students integrate concepts such as humanism, existentialism, and phenomenology into patient interactions. In addition to producing a favorable effect on patients and colleagues, this approach contributes to personal gratification in making a difference in the lives of others. Pedagogical strategies currently in use may need to be modified to accommodate the humanistic conceptual framework.
Bis{[(η5)-cyclopentadienyl]tris(diethyl phosphito-κ3P,P′,P′′)cobaltate(III)-κ3O,O′,O′′]oxovanadium(IV)}-μ-oxalate

The title compound {systematic name: bis[1,4(η5)-cyclo­penta­dien­yl]hexa­kis(μ-diethyl phosphito)-1:2κ6P:O;3:4κ6O:P-μ-ox­alato-2:3κ4O1,O2:O1′,O2′-dioxido-2κO,3κO-1,4-dicobalt(III)-2,3-divanadium(IV)}, [Co2V2(C5H5)2(C2O4)(C4H10O3P)6O2], is an oxalate-bridged dinuclear complex of oxovanadium(IV). The geometric center of the dimer lies on an inversion center. The unique Co atom is bonded to three P atoms and a cyclo­penta­dienyl ring. The unique V atom has six O atom neighbors in an approximately octa­hedral arrangement; the V—O bond trans to the V=O bond is significantly lengthened.
Electrophysiological Properties of Lumbar Motoneurons in the α-Chloralose-Anesthetized Cat During Carbachol-Induced Motor Inhibition

Xi, Ming-Chu, Rong-Huan Liu, Jack Yamuy, Francisco R. Morales, and Michael H. Chase. Electrophysiological properties of lumbar motoneurons in the α-chloralose-anesthetized cat during carbachol-indu...
Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) is an iatrogenic disease that is emerging as a major infectious disease problem throughout the world. The AIDS pandemic, increased incidence of tuberculosis in populations with easy access to antituberculosis medications, the deterioration of the public health infrastructure, and inadequate training of health care providers in the epidemiology of tuberculosis are some of the factors contributing to the increased incidence of MDRTB. Mortality from MDRTB exceeds 80% in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but is also high in patients free of HIV. The management of MDRTB is complicated by the lack of methods for rapid detection of resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Inducing labor by rupturing membranes.

Rupturing the membranes usually induces labor and carries little risk. Of 1,235 patients subjected to amniotomy, 89 percent were in labor in four hours, and only 3 percent required oxytocin to start contractions. Although complications are few, physicians should not rupture the membranes simply for their own or the patient's convenience.
Introduction to Problem Analysis to Identify Tier 3 Interventions: Brief Experimental Analysis of Academic Problems

In order to be effective, tier 3 interventions must be matched to the unique characteristics of those learners with the most intensive needs. Brief experimental analysis (BEA) is a data-driven approach that can be used to identify potentially effective interventions in cases where a standard treatment protocol has not been effective. This chapter describes the process for using BEA to select academic interventions, summarizes the literature examining BEA across academic areas, and suggests implications for practice within a comprehensive response to intervention (RTI) framework. Finally, areas for future research are explored.
A Note on Transforming a Plane Strain First-Kind Fredholm Integral Equation into an Equivalent Second-Kind Equation

Methods to convert Fredholm integral equations of the first kind into equivalent Fredholm integral equations of the second kind are used to study issues of existence and uniqueness of solutions. For some examples applied to plane strain problems, see (Constanda, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 123:3385–3396, 1995) and (Constanda, Direct and Indirect Boundary Integral Equations. Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton-London-New York-Washington, DC, 2000, Sec. 2.12). In this paper, another technique to convert the Fredholm integral equation of the first kind that arises in a direct boundary integral formulation for the plane strain Dirichlet problem into an equivalent Fredholm integral equation of the second kind is developed. The technique presented in this paper generalizes work of Y. Yan and I.H. Sloan that was done for the scalar Laplace equation (Yan and Sloan, J. Integral Equations Appl. 1:549–579, 1988) to the plane strain system of displacement equations.
Visible laryngeal changes during voice therapy: fiber-optic study.

Use of a flexible fiber-optic naso-laryngoscope has permitted visualization and identification of laryngeal structures and various abnormalities in patients difficult to examine by mirror laryngosc...
In vivo reprogramming reactive glia into iPSCs to produce new neurons in the cortex following traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in a significant amount of cell death in the brain. Unfortunately, the adult mammalian brain possesses little regenerative potential following injury and little can be done to reverse the initial brain damage caused by trauma. Reprogramming adult cells to generate induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) has opened new therapeutic opportunities to generate neurons in a non-neurogenic regions in the cortex. In this study we showed that retroviral mediated expression of four transcription factors, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc, cooperatively reprogrammed reactive glial cells into iPSCs in the adult neocortex following TBI. These iPSCs further differentiated into a large number of neural stem cells, which further differentiated into neurons and glia in situ, and filled up the tissue cavity induced by TBI. The induced neurons showed a typical neuronal morphology with axon and dendrites, and exhibited action potential. Our results report an innovative technology to transform reactive glia into a large number of functional neurons in their natural environment of neocortex without embryo involvement and without the need to grow cells outside the body and then graft them back to the brain. Thus this technology offers hope for personalized regenerative cell therapies for repairing damaged brain.
Facebook as a Tool for Enhancing Communication and Self-Expression

Individual differences in how adolescents integrate Facebook into their lives were identified to determine if they used social media as a tool for self-expression or for participating in social discourse. Attachment theory posits that individuals coordinate their sense of self-worth and beliefs about others in stable ways. A more dynamic intentional theory posits that beliefs about the self and others remain independent of one another. Findings obtained using a battery of surveys offered no support for the strong hypothesis that adolescents’ attachment styles explained individual differences in their Facebook behavior. Adolescents’ beliefs, desires, and reported actions coalesced around two strong, independent intentional models. Self- and other-focused models each explained a fairly large percentage of variance in the intensity with which adolescents used Facebook. Adolescents can easily use of social media to broaden their participation in society.
Civil Rights Movement, The

This article explores the importance of the modern US Civil Rights Movement. This mass movement was organized by southern Blacks in the 1950s and 1960s with the goal of overthrowing legally enforced racial segregation known as the Jim Crow regime. The Civil Rights Movement was initially triggered by the antisegregation action of Rosa Parks and led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. As the movement developed, it involved hundreds of leaders and thousands of participants. These leaders and participants used massive nonviolent direct action to disrupt the Jim Crow regime in order to force white segregationists and the federal government to dismantle the system of racial segregation. The movement accomplished many of its goals because it was able to generate national legislation that prohibited racial segregation. Television and the mass media enabled this movement to become highly visible. Because of its visibility and heroic actions, the Civil Rights Movement has inspired national and international social change movements.
Neighborhood age structure and cognitive function in a nationally-representative sample of older adults in the U.S.

Abstract Recent evidence suggests that living in a neighborhood with a greater percentage of older adults is associated with better individual health, including lower depression, better self-rated health, and a decreased risk of overall mortality. However, much of the work to date suffers from four limitations. First, none of the U.S.-based studies examine the association at the national level. Second, no studies have examined three important hypothesized mechanisms - neighborhood socioeconomic status and neighborhood social and physical characteristics - which are significantly correlated with both neighborhood age structure and health. Third, no U.S. study has longitudinally examined cognitive health trajectories. We build on this literature by examining nine years of nationally-representative data from the Health and Retirement Study (2002–2010) on men and women aged 51 and over linked with Census data to examine the relationship between the percentage of adults 65 and older in a neighborhood and individual cognitive health trajectories. Our results indicate that living in a neighborhood with a greater percentage of older adults is related to better individual cognition at baseline but we did not find any significant association with cognitive decline. We also explored potential mediators including neighborhood socioeconomic status, perceived neighborhood cohesion and perceived neighborhood physical disorder. We did not find evidence that neighborhood socioeconomic status explains this relationship; however, there is suggestive evidence that perceived cohesion and disorder may explain some of the association between age structure and cognition. Although more work is needed to identify the precise mechanisms, this work may suggest a potential contextual target for public health interventions to prevent cognitive impairment.
A comparison of electronic and traditional cigarette butt leachate on the development of Xenopus laevis embryos.

Abstract Potential developmental toxicities of three different cigarette butt leachates were evaluated using the frog embryo teratogenesis assay–Xenopus (FETAX). Xenopus laevis embryos were exposed to regular cigarette butt (RCB), menthol (MCB) and electronic (ECB) in concentrations ranging from 0 to 4 butts/l for RCB and MCB and 0–10 butts/l for ECB. The embryos were from stage 8 to 11 and were exposed for a 96-h period in static renewal test conditions. Median lethal concentration (LC50), malformation (EC50), non-observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC), and lowest observed adverse effect concentration (LOAEC) were calculated. Results from these studies suggest that each tested leachate is teratogenic for X. laevis embryos. The lowest LC50 was determined for ECB exposure at 17.9 cigarette butts/L. The LC50 value was the highest with RCB and MCB having LC50 s of approximately 1 cigarette butt/L. There were notable EC50 differences with RCB having the highest and ECB the lowest. The NOAEC and LOAEC levels for RCB and MCB were below 1 cigarette butt/L for both mortality and malformations; over 8 butts/L for ECB mortality and over 4 butts/L for malformations. From these results, we conclude that RCB leachate is the most toxic compound, while MCB leachate has the higher teratogenicity. ECB leachate has the lowest toxic and teratogenic effects on embryos but there were still noticeable effects. The results confirmed that the FETAX assay can be useful in an integrated biological hazard assessment for the preliminary screening for ecological risks of cigarette butts, and electronic cigarettes, in aquatic environment.
Self-reported cocaine use is not associated with elevations in high-sensitivity troponin I

AbstractObjective: High-sensitivity troponin (hsTn) assays detect 10 times lower concentrations of cardiac troponin than conventional assays. We examined the effects of self-reported cocaine use to determine whether those with acute cocaine use being evaluated for ACS are more likely to have elevated hsTnI than those nonusers being evaluated for ACS.Methods: We conducted a sub-analysis of a prospective cohort of ED patients evaluated for acute coronary syndrome. Recent cocaine use was determined by structured patient interviews. High-sensitivity troponin (Abbott) and conventional troponin I (Abbott, cTnI) were measured on samples drawn at presentation. Urine toxicology screen for cocaine metabolite was obtained at the discretion of treating clinicians.Results: Of 1862 patients enrolled, 444 reported prior cocaine use and 99 reported cocaine use within the preceding month. Median hsTn in patients with last cocaine use within 24 h, 2–7 days, 1 week–1 month, >1 month, and no prior cocaine use were: 9 (IQR: 3...
Evaluating performance of early warning indices to predict physiological instabilities.

Abstract Patient monitoring algorithms that analyze multiple features from physiological signals can produce an index that serves as a predictive or prognostic measure for a specific critical health event or physiological instability. Classical detection metrics such as sensitivity and positive predictive value are often used to evaluate new patient monitoring indices for such purposes, but since these metrics do not take into account the continuous nature of monitoring, the assessment of a warning system to notify a user of a critical health event remains incomplete. In this article, we present challenges of assessing the performance of new warning indices and propose a framework that provides a more complete characterization of warning index performance predicting a critical event that includes the timeliness of the warning. The framework considers 1) an assessment of the sensitivity to provide a notification within a meaningful time window, 2) the cumulative sensitivity leading up to an event, 3) characteristics on if the warning stays on until the event occurs once a warning has been activated, and 4) the distribution of warning times and the burden of additional warnings (e.g., false-alarm rate) throughout monitoring that may or may not be associated with the event of interest. Using an example from an experimental study of hemorrhage, we examine how this characterization can differentiate two warning systems in terms of timeliness of warnings and warning burden.
Teaching the tourists in Galápagos: What do Galápagos National Park guides know, think, and teach tourists about evolution?

Evolution is everywhere in Galapagos, especially regarding the role the islands have played in the history of evolutionary thought. In turn, the Galapagos National Park guides are in a unique position as informal science educators, as they are the primary points-of-contact for the islands’ ~ 200,000 tourists per year. Our goal was to assess the guides’ knowledge and acceptance of the theory of evolution, in addition to learning more about their perceptions of the connection between the islands and evolution. We surveyed 63 guides in three towns on three of the archipelago’s populated islands. Surveys included items targeting the guides knowledge of evolution (via the Knowledge of Evolution Exam, or the KEE) and acceptance of the theory of evolution (via the Measure of Acceptance of the Theory of Evolution, or the MATE). Additional, novel items gauged the guides’ perceptions of the islands, insofar as Galapagos is connected to evolution and the history of evolutionary thought. Although acceptance of evolution was high, knowledge was relatively low. However, the guides are proud of the islands’ association with the history of evolutionary thought, and enjoy talking about evolution while giving tours. On open-ended responses, guides claimed to especially enjoy talking with tourists about geology and island culture, and a few voiced concerns about the conflict between evolution and religion. Finally, the overwhelming majority of the guides agreed or strongly agreed with the statement, “I would like to learn more about Galapagos and the history of evolutionary thought.” Galapagos guides display a disconnect between what is felt about evolution, and what is known about how evolution actually works. We can probably trace their fondness for, and acceptance of, evolution to the clear connection between evolution, tourism, and the guides’ livelihoods. We can trace their lack of knowledge to their schooling, as prior work detected similarly low knowledge of evolution in the islands’ schoolteachers. However, the guides are a receptive audience for professional development pertaining to our contemporary understanding of the mechanics of biological evolution. Improving guides’ understanding of biological evolution could, in turn, inform the evolutionary understanding of thousands of tourists each year.
A brief review of pemphigus vulgaris

Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune disorder which presents with painful mucocutaneous blisters and erosions. On the skin, they are flaccid bullae or erosions, and on the mucosa, they present as erosions. This disease is rare but is devastating to those who have it; it also is related—perhaps genetically—to other autoimmune conditions. This is to say that a patient can develop pemphigus vulgaris if they have thyroiditis or diabetes mellitus. Biopsy is needed to obtain histopathological evidence of the breakdown of intercellular connections due to the autoimmune attack on components of desmosomes, which are responsible for intercellular integrity above the basement membrane. When these desmosomes are attacked, loss of connection ensues, and the cells break apart at these connections; this leads to fluid buildup, seen grossly as bullae. Treatment of the disease is difficult and sometimes unsafe. For decades, the mainstay of treatment has been glucocorticoids followed by other drugs. Unfortunately, these drugs are systemically absorbed, and the side effect profile can be unfavorable. In the past several years however, more innovative treatments have emerged that may help ease the cost and safety burden to patients. This review highlights the major points about pemphigus vulgaris, its pathophysiology, and its treatment.
The derivational morphology of Russian patrials: Part II☆

Tindak tutur orang bersifat khas perorangan atau ideosinkretik. Menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif, di dalam artikel hasil penelitian ini dibahas penggunaan tindak tutur oleh para presiden Indonesia pada saat pidato pelantikan. Masalah yang dibahas meliputi: (1) fungsi tindak tutur, (2) gaya bahasa , dan (3) faktor kultural yang mempengaruhi nya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan fungsi tindak tutur yang digunakan oleh para presiden dalam pidatonya ketika pelantikan. Tindak tutur representa tif digunakan oleh Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono dan Joko Widodo . T indak tutur direk tif digunakan oleh empat presiden . T indak tutur komisi f digunakan oleh P residen Soeharto, Abdurrahman Wahid , dan Joko Widodo , sedangkan tindak tutur ekspresi f digunakan empat presiden. Gay a bahasa repetisi ada pada pada pidato empat presiden. Gaya bahasa ironi ada dalam pidato pelantikan Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono dan Abdurrahman Wahid . Gaya bahasa metafora digunakan oleh Presiden Joko Widodo dan Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono . Gaya bahasa pararelisme digunakan oleh Presiden Soeharto. Gaya hiperbola digunakan oleh Presiden Joko Widodo . Faktor kultural berpengaruh terhadap t indak tutur dan gaya bahasa para presiden.
Heavy-Traffic Delay Insensitivity in Connection-Level Models of Data Transfer with Proportionally Fair Bandwidth Sharing

Motivated by the stringent requirements on delay performance in data center networks, we study a connection-level model for bandwidth sharing among data transfer flows, where file sizes have phase-type distributions and proportionally fair bandwidth allocation is used. We analyze the expected number of files in steady-state by setting the steady-state drift of an appropriately chosen Lyapunov function equal to zero. We consider the heavy-traffic regime and obtain asymptotically tight bounds on the expected number of files in the system. Our results show that the expected number of files under proportionally fair bandwidth allocation is insensitive in heavy traffic to file size distributions, thus complementing the diffusion approximation result of Vlasiou et al. [20].
Self-seeded high-power Mamyshev oscillator

We demonstrate an environmentally stable, self-seeded fiber oscillator based on spectral reshaping and reamplification. The oscillator delivers 140 nJ, linearly chirped pulses with 110 nm spectral bandwidth that can be compressed externally to 65 fs.
Amish Dedication to Farming and Adoption of Organic Dairy Systems

Amish dairy producers have a solid and growing presence on the farm landscape, and account for over 1/8 of all U.S. dairy farms (Cross 2007). In recent decades, many Amish who have a desire to farm as a way to maintain religious and family values have emigrated from eastern urbanizing rural areas to states, such as Wisconsin, Michigan and Missouri, where non-Amish smaller-scale family farmers are leaving farming (Hostetler 1993; Cross 2004, 2007). Amish farmers are estimated to account for about 10 % of the more than 12,000 dairy farms in Wisconsin, ‘America’s Dairyland’ (Cross 2007), and they frequently use barns that would otherwise be abandoned or torn down (Cross 2004). In fact, Wisconsin now has the second largest concentration of Amish church settlements in the U.S. (Luthy 2003). There are similar dense pockets of Amish dairy farms in other states that historically have had large numbers of small dairy herds (e.g. Iowa, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Missouri and Kentucky) (Cross 2007).
A new liquid aerosol generator: IV. Nucleation of dibutylphthalate by NaCl and AgCl☆

Abstract Earlier work had suggested to us that the value of the supersaturation, at the point in a condensation aerosol generator where the aerosol first exhibits a visible Tyndall cone, might offer a technique for studying the condensation nuclei, assuming that these behaved as spherical liquid droplets. The situation turns out to be not nearly so simple. On the one hand, considerably fewer aerosol particles are formed than the number of “nuclei” present. Secondly, there seems to be no simple connection between the size of these nuclei and the supersaturation in the condensation zone.
Manual interception of moving targets II. On-line control of overlapping submovements

We studied the kinematic characteristics of arm movements and their relation to a stimulus moving with a wide range of velocity and acceleration. The target traveled at constant acceleration, constant deceleration, or constant velocity for 0.5–2.0 s, until it arrived at a location where it was required to be intercepted. For fast moving targets, subjects produced single movements with symmetrical, bell-shaped velocity profiles. In contrast, for slowly moving targets, hand velocity profiles displayed multiple peaks, which suggests a control mechanism that produces a series of discrete submovements according to characteristics of target motion. To analyze how temporal and spatial aspects of these submovements are influenced by target motion, we decomposed the vertical hand velocity profiles into bell-shaped velocity pulses according to the minimum-jerk model. The number of submovements was roughly proportional to the movement time, resulting in a relatively constant submovement frequency (∼2.5 Hz). On the other hand, the submovement onset asynchrony showed significantly more variability than the intersubmovement interval, indicating that the submovement onset was delayed more following a submovement with a longer duration. Examination of submovement amplitude and its relation to target motion revealed that the subjects achieved interception mainly by producing a series of submovements that would keep the displacement of the hand proportional to the first-order estimate of target position at the end of each submovement along the axis of hand movement. Finally, we did not find any evidence that information regarding target acceleration is properly utilized in the production of submovements.
Spray Plasma Processing of Barrier Films Deposited in Air for Improved stability of Flexible Electronic Devices

We report on submicron organosilicate barrier films produced rapidly in ambient by a scalable spray plasma process for improved solar cell stability. The plasma is at a sufficiently low temperature to be compatible with flexible electronic devices. The thickness of the barrier films is tunable and fully transparent over the visible spectrum. The morphology and density of the barrier are shown to improve with the addition of a fluorine-based precursor. Thin-film perovskite solar cells with submicron coatings exhibited significant improvements in stability when exposed to light, heat, and moisture. X-ray diffraction measurements performed while heating showed the barrier film dramatically slows the formation of PbI2. When deposited on a flexible substrate, the barrier films exhibit no signs of cracking or delamination after 10,000 bending cycles on a 127 μm substrate with a bending radius of 1 cm.
Short survival and frequent transformation in extranodal marginal zone lymphoma with multiple mucosal sites presentation.

Between 11 and 37% of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) patients present with disease involvement in multiple mucosal sites (MMS). We analyzed 405 EMZL patients seen between 1995 and 2017: 265 (65.4%) patients presented with stage I disease, 49 of 309 (15.8%) patients with bone marrow involvement, and 35 of 328 (10.7%) patients with monoclonal gammopathy (MG). Forty-three (10.6%) patients had MMS presentation, which was more frequently seen in patients aged >60 years (55.8%). Five (17.9%) of 28 MMS patients had MG. MMS patients commonly exhibited the International Prognostic Index (IPI) >2 (79.1%), Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) >2 (39.5%), and Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (MALT-IPI) 2-3 (60.5%). Both MMS presentation and MG were associated with shorter survival univariately. In multivariable Cox regression models, shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were observed in patients with MMS (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.08 and 2.92, respectively), age ≥60 years (HR = 1.52 and 2.45, respectively), and in patients who failed to attain a complete remission following initial therapy (HR = 3.27 and 2.13, respectively). Elevated lactate dehydrogenase was associated with shorter PFS (HR = 1.92), while anemia (HR = 2.46) was associated with shortened OS. MALT-IPI ≥2 (HR = 2.47 and 4.75), FLIPI >2 (HR = 1.65 and 2.09), and IPI >2 (HR = 2.09 and 1.73) were associated with shorter PFS and OS, respectively. Higher grade transformation (HGT) occurred in 11 (25.6%) MMS patients with a 5-year cumulative incidence of 13.2% (95% CI 4.7-26.1%). EMZL patients with MMS presentation represent a novel clinical subset associated with shorter PFS, OS, and higher incidence of HGT that needs novel therapeutic approaches.
Factors associated with early non‐response within an Internet‐based behavioural weight loss program

Objective While behavioural weight loss interventions are effective overall, many individuals fail to achieve a clinically significant weight loss. Given that 4-week weight loss has been shown to predict longer term outcomes, one potential strategy for improving rates of success is to provide additional support to early non-responders. To inform these early rescue efforts, it is important to first identify how they may differ from their more successful peers. Methods At week 4 of a 12-week Internet-delivered weight loss program, 130 adults (age: 49.8 ± 9.8 years, body mass index: 31.2 ± 4.6 kg m-2) were asked to complete an 11-item survey assessing mood and weight-related cognitions and behaviours. Participants were then categorized as early non-responders (4-week weight loss 0.05). Compared to initial responders, early non-responders reported less positive mood (p = 0.011), greater boredom with weight loss efforts (p = 0.036), greater temptation to eat foods not consistent with their goals (p = 0.023), and that their eating choices were less consistent with their goals (p < 0.001). Conclusions These findings identify important differences between early non-responders and initial responders, offering potential intervention targets for rescuing early non-responders (i.e. making it easier for individuals to choose healthier foods, reducing boredom in Internet-delivered weight loss programs and providing strategies to limit exposure to dietary temptations).
Parenting styles are associated with overall child dietary quality within low-income and food-insecure households.

OBJECTIVE To examine the association between parenting styles and overall child dietary quality within households that are low-income and food-insecure. DESIGN Child dietary intake was measured via a 24 h dietary recall. Dietary quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005). Parenting styles were measured and scored using the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire. Linear regressions were used to test main and interaction associations between HEI-2005 scores and parenting styles. SETTING Non-probability sample of low-income and food-insecure households in South Carolina, USA. PARTICIPANTS Parent-child dyads (n 171). Parents were ≥18 years old and children were 9-15 years old. RESULTS We found a significant interaction between authoritative and authoritarian parenting style scores. For those with a mean authoritarian score, each unit increase in authoritative score was associated with a higher HEI-2005 score (b = 3·36, P 0·05). Permissive parenting style scores were negatively associated with child dietary quality (b = -2·79, P < 0·05). CONCLUSIONS Parenting styles should be considered an important variable that is associated with overall dietary quality in children living within low-income and food-insecure households.
Linking the pseudogap in the cuprates with local symmetry breaking: A commentary.

In the last 2 decades, increasingly precise measurements have established that the cuprate high-temperature superconductors exhibit numerous ordering tendencies. In addition to the “big 2”—Neel antiferromagnetism (AF) and d -wave superconductivity (SC)—a variety of other orders have been observed, especially in the enigmatic “pseudogap” regime of the phase diagram. The term pseudogap denotes a suppression of the density of states between a doping-dependent crossover temperature, T * ( p ) , and the (lower) SC transition temperature, T c ( p ) . Thus, for doping less than p * ≈ 0.19 [above which T * ( p ) vanishes], the pseudogap is the “normal state” out of which SC emerges. Mukhopadhyay et al. (1), in PNAS, venture a bold proposition as to the origin of the pseudogap on the basis of a careful examination of high-resolution scanning tunneling spectroscopy on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x (Bi-2212). They focus on 2 distinct forms of order: charge density wave (CDW), the breaking of lattice translation symmetry; and nematicity, the breaking of lattice rotational symmetry. Both of these have been identified in well-defined regimes of the phase diagrams of all hole-doped cuprates. By measuring tunneling conductance over a large field of view, performing a Fourier transform, and analyzing data from distinct regions of momentum space, Mukhopadhyay et al. identify energies Δ * , E m a x D , and E m a x N characterizing the pseudogap, CDW, and nematicity, respectively. Measured on samples whose doping spans the pseudogap regime, these energies are, within experimental error, identical. On the basis of this result, Mukhopadhyay et al. (1) argue that the pseudogap is a consequence of a tendency toward a unidirectional density wave that, if long-range–ordered, would break both translation and rotation symmetry. In the presence of disorder, translation symmetry breaking cannot … [↵][1]2To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: samuel.lederer{at}gmail.com. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
The influence of self-control on the impact of exposure to violence among youths

ABSTRACTThis study examines the role of internal factors in the relationship between exposure to violence and antisocial behavior. Specifically, this study proposes that the impact of exposure to v...
Mercator: An R Package for Visualization of Distance Matrices

Abstract Summary Unsupervised data analysis in many scientific disciplines is based on calculating distances between observations and finding ways to visualize those distances. These kinds of unsupervised analyses help researchers uncover patterns in large-scale data sets. However, researchers can select from a vast number of different distance metrics, each designed to highlight different aspects of different data types. There are also numerous visualization methods with their own strengths and weaknesses. To help researchers perform unsupervised analyses, we developed the Mercator R package. Mercator enables users to see important patterns in their data by generating multiple visualizations using different standard algorithms, making it particularly easy to compare and contrast the results arising from different metrics. By allowing users to select the distance metric that best fits their needs, Mercator helps researchers perform unsupervised analyses that use pattern identification through computation and visual inspection. Availability and Implementation Mercator is freely available at the Comprehensive R Archive Network (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/Mercator/index.html) Contact Kevin.Coombes@osumc.edu Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type II

Clinical characteristics Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII) is characterized by hyperkalemia despite normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and frequently by hypertension. Other associated findings in both children and adults include hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis, and suppressed plasma renin levels. Aldosterone levels are variable, but are relatively low given the degree of hyperkalemia (elevated serum potassium is a potent stimulus for aldosterone secretion). Hypercalciuria is well described. Diagnosis/testing The diagnosis of PHAII is established in a proband: With hyperkalemia (in the setting of normal glomerular filtration), hypertension, metabolic acidosis, hyperchloremia, and suppressed plasma renin levels; AND/OR By the identification of a heterozygous pathogenic variant in CUL3, WNK1, or WNK4 or a heterozygous pathogenic variant or biallelic pathogenic variants in KLHL3. Management Treatment of manifestations: Electrolyte and blood pressure abnormalities of PHAII in children and adults are often corrected with thiazide diuretics. Prevention of secondary complications: Control of blood pressure is important to reduce the risk of cardiovascular and renal disease and stroke. Surveillance: Routine electrolyte and blood pressure measurements. Agents/circumstances to avoid: Untreated individuals with PHAII should avoid excessive intake of foods high in salt and potassium as these may exacerbate hypertension and hyperkalemia. Evaluation of relatives at risk: Measurement of serum potassium concentration and blood pressure or identification of the known familial CUL3, KLHL3, WNK1, and WNK4 pathogenic variant(s) in first-degree relatives of individuals with PHAII allows for early diagnosis and treatment . Pregnancy management: Affected pregnant women should undergo routine monitoring of electrolytes and blood pressure, with adjustments to antihypertensive medication dosage as needed. Some antihypertensive medications, including thiazide diuretics, have been associated with adverse fetal outcome, especially when taken during the first trimester of pregnancy; referral to an obstetrics group with expertise in high-risk pregnancies should be considered. Genetic counseling PHAII is frequently inherited in an autosomal dominant manner; PHAIID (caused by pathogenic variants in KLHL3) may also be inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Many pathogenic variants in CUL3 arise de novo and are not inherited from a parent. Each child of an individual with autosomal dominant PHAII has a 50% chance of inheriting the pathogenic variant. Prenatal testing for a pregnancy at increased risk is possible if the pathogenic variant(s) in the family are known.
Abstract 123: Field Accuracy of Paramedic Shock Delivery Using a Filtered ECG Rhythm

Introduction: Recognition and rapid defibrillation of shockable rhythms is strongly associated with increased survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The Salt Lake City Fire Department...
Improved MVDC Breaker Operation by Active Fault Current Sharing (FCS) of Existing Power Converters for Shipboard Applications

In this article, an active fault current sharing (FCS) strategy is proposed to improve the dc circuit breaker (CB) operation in a breaker-based medium-voltage dc (MVdc) system. The peak turn-off current of CBs can be decreased by controlling the existing converters located in parallel with activated CBs to share the fault current. This reduction effect can be amplified from the systematic perspective since one single converter with the proposed FCS can benefit different CBs in various fault scenarios. The short-circuit fault scenarios of a shipboard breaker-based MVdc system are analyzed and the corresponding fault equivalent circuits, including power converters adjacent to CBs, are developed. The device stress of voltage-fed (VF) and current-fed (CF) converters applying the proposed active FCS strategies during short-circuit faults is derived and compared with those of passively shutdown counterparts. Finally, a downscaled experimental test bed was built to emulate a 6-kV/6-MW MVdc system fault scenarios. The experimental results are provided to verify the proposed FCS.
Comparing the Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Lung Transplantation

Purpose The method of cardiorespiratory support used during lung transplantation (LTx) has been debated. This study serves to compare survival after LTx in patients who received support from either extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods We studied 565 LTx performed at a single institution between March 2012 and June 2019. Concomitant cardiac procedures were excluded. 118 underwent CPB, 49 underwent ECMO, and 398 were considered “off-pump”, as they received neither support. Comparisons between groups were performed using Chi-squared or ANOVA test. All significant variables from univariate analysis were included in a Cox regression analysis. Survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier curve and compared by log rank test. P-values Results There was marginal survival difference (p =0.057) between the CPB, ECMO, and “off-pump” groups when analyzed together. When compared to the “off-pump” group in a Cox regression analysis, CPB (RR. 1.52, 95% CI: 0.99-2.31, p=0.054) and ECMO (RR. 1.71, 95% CI: 0.96-3.04, p=0.070) had borderline significant negative impact on survival. When compared amongst the three support groups, analysis of variances and Chi-squared tests showed no differences in recipient sex (p=0.089), race (p=0.42), donor age (p=0.69), donor type (brain death or donation after cardiac death) (p=0.59) and induction (p=0.38). The “off-pump” group was significantly older (p Conclusion This study demonstrates the borderline significance of CPB and ECMO impact on survival and warrants further exploration into the question of proper cardiorespiratory support in LTx.
A Mixed-Methods Evaluation of Medical Residents' Attitudes Towards Interprofessional Learning and Stereotypes Following Sonography Student-Led Point-of-Care Ultrasound Training.

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) training is growing across internal medicine graduate medical education, but lack of trained faculty is a barrier to many programs. Interprofessional education (IPE) may offer a solution but must overcome potential biases of trainees. To evaluate the impact of an interprofessional POCUS training on residents’ attitudes towards interprofessional learning and stereotypes. Midwestern health sciences university. Diagnostic medical sonography (DMS) students (n = 13) served as teachers for first-year internal medicine residents (IMR) (n = 49). DMS students participated in a train-the-trainer session to learn teaching strategies via case-based simulation, then coached IMR to acquire images of the kidneys, bladder, and aorta on live models. Mixed-methods evaluation, including pre-/post-surveys and focus group interviews. The survey response rate was 100% (49/49 IMR). Composite survey scores evaluating residents’ attitudes towards IPE and stereotyping of sonographers improved significantly following the intervention. Qualitative analysis of focus group interviews yielded four themes: enhanced respect for other disciplines, implications for future practice, increased confidence of DMS students, and interest in future IPE opportunities. Interprofessional POCUS education can improve residents’ perceptions towards IPE, increase their level of respect for sonographers, and motivate interest in future interprofessional collaboration.
Dynamic materials inspired by cephalopods

Cephalopods (squids, octopuses, and cuttlefish) have captivated the imagination of both the general public and scientists alike for more than a century due to their visually stunning camouflage displays, sophisticated nervous systems, and complex behavioral patterns. Given their unique capabilities and characteristics, it is not surprising that these marine invertebrates have emerged as exciting models for novel optical materials and photonic systems. Within this context, our laboratory has developed various cephalopod-derived and cephalopod-inspired materials with unique functionalities in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Our findings hold implications for next-generation adaptive camouflage devices and advanced thermal management technologies.
Electrical Stimulation of the Brain

This article describes findings derived from electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB), including both experimental studies using animal models, and also clinical studies, in which human patients received ESB to observe therapeutic effects. Early research in the nineteenth century used ESB that elicited discrete motor responses to map motor functions of mammalian cerebral cortex. Subsequent work in the 1930s provided preliminary demonstrations of behavioral plasticity consequent upon such stimulation. In the past 20 years a major cerebellar neuronal network has been delineated that underlies the observed plasticity and is evidently responsible for much of what memory theorists call ‘procedural learning.’ Another principal theme has concerned the reinforcement of motor responses. ESB in specific subcortical regions exerts powerful reinforcing effects that far outweigh those of conventional reinforcers. There exists also a substantial literature on the effects of ESB in humans. Pioneering work in the 1950s and 1960s established the therapeutic effects of ESB in certain subpopulations of patients with severe affective disorders; recent work in the 1990s has extended the beneficial clinical effects of ESB to other conditions including Parkinson's disease and chronic pain.