cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the stability of general convex programs under slater’s condition and primal solution boundedness

This paper was motivated by an article by Best and Chakravarti, who presented some stability results for convex quadratic programs under linear perturbation of the data. We show that the regularity conditions assumed are much too restrictive and demonstrate that stronger stability results follow under weaker assumptions (primal solution boundedness and the Slater condition) and from known results, not only for convex quadratic problems but for general convex programs with general perturbations. In so doing, we give a simple and reasonably complete characterization of the stability of an important class of well-behaved convex programs, collecting results that heretofore have apparently not been presented in a unified manner. The results, virtually all from Hogan and Robinson, involve mainly stability of the feasible region and solution existence under small perturbations, and continuity and differentiability of the optimal value function. We note that Auslender and Coutat have recently provided similar ext...
Optimal occupancy-driven parking pricing under demand uncertainties and traveler heterogeneity: A stochastic control approach

Abstract A novel parking pricing strategy dependent on real-time sensing is proposed to manage the parking demand. Parking pricing and information provision jointly serve as a dynamic stabilized controller to minimize the total travel time (TTT) of the system. Parking prices are adjusted in real time according to the real-time occupancy collected by parking sensors. All the parking information along with parking prices, is then provided for travelers to make real-time parking choices. We model the optimal parking pricing in the preferred (closer) parking cluster as a stochastic control problem. We take into account two types of randomness, demand uncertainties and user heterogeneity in Value of Time (VOT), both of which can be learned by taking real-time measurements. The optimal parking pricing policies are solved using the dynamic programming approach. There exists a critical occupancy for each time period, and the parking prices should be set effective (by diverting travelers to the farther parking lot) when the up-to-date occupancy is above the critical occupancy. From the numerical experiments, we find that the optimal parking policies based on stochastic control models are promising. They can deal with different demand levels (high, low or unstable) and generally outperform the deterministic pricing schemes. It can approach the minimum TTT in most of the cases as if we know the traffic demand in advance of the commuting time. Providing real-time occupancy information alone without setting proper parking prices, seems useful, but marginal, in reducing the parking congestion.
An Empowerment Theory of Legal Norms

. Traditionally legal theorists, whenever engaged in controversy, have agreed on one point: legal norms are par excellence rules which impose obligations. The author examines this assumption, which from another perspective (that of constitutional law, for instance) appears less obvious. In fact, constitutional rules are commoniy empowering norms, norms which do not create duties but powers. To this objection many theorists would reply that empowering rules are incomplete and that they are to be understood as parts of duty-creating rules. A different position from this traditional stance is that defended in Kelsen's later writings, according to which the fundamental type of norm is the empowering norm. The author discusses Kelsen's three theories on the “ideal form” or structure of the legal norm, with special attention to the third of these, the empowerment theory.
Effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on chorionic gonadotropin secretion by human trophoblasts.

This study tests the idea that the environmental toxicant, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), affects human trophoblast differentiation and alters the secretion of chorionic gonadotropin (CG). Primary cultures of cytotrophoblast cells were incubated under differentiation-inducing and nondifferentiation-inducing conditions in the presence or absence of different concentrations of TCDD. Levels of immunoreactive CG as well as bioactive CG were measured in culture supernatants. TCDD caused a significant increase in the secretion of immunoreactive CG from differentiated trophoblast cultures but had no effect on the secretion of bioactive hormone. The net effect was a TCDD-dependent reduction in the CG bioactive/immunoreactive (B/I) ratio for differentiated trophoblast cultures. TCDD had no effect on immunoreactive or bioactive CG secretion by undifferentiated trophoblasts. Immunocytochemical studies showed that TCDD had no effect on the morphologic differentiation of trophoblast cells as determined by staining nuclei and desmosomal proteins. On the other hand, immunocytochemical staining for CG was increased in cells exposed to TCDD compared to control cells. These in vitro results support earlier in vivo studies in macaques suggesting that trophoblast is a target for TCCD and that TCDD-induced early pregnancy loss is accompanied by a decrease in the CG B/I ratio.
Total Synthesis of 4,5,7a,8‐Tetrahydro‐1,2‐dimethoxyphenanthro‐[10,1‐bc]azepin‐ 6(7H)‐one: A Photochemical Approach

The total synthesis of a novel benzazepine, 4,5,7a,8-tetrahydro-1,2-dimethoxyphenanthro[10,1-bc]azepin-6(7H)-one is described. Of crucial importance to the preparation of this material was a regiospecific Beckmann rearrangement reaction and the development of an aryl-aryl linkage by a photochemically induced coupling. Details of successful and attempted methodology are reported.
The 2007 M5.4 Alum Rock, California, earthquake: Implications for future earthquakes on the central and southern Calaveras Fault

[1] The similarity of seismograms recorded by two seismic stations demonstrate that the 31 October 2007 moment magnitude M5.4 Alum Rock earthquake is a repeat of a 1955 ML5.5 earthquake. Both occurred on Oppenheimer et al.'s (1990) Zone V “stuck patch” on the central Calaveras fault, providing new support for their model of Calaveras fault earthquake activity. We suggest that Zone V fails only in a family of recurring M ∼ 5.4–5.5 earthquakes. The 1955 and 2007 earthquakes are the penultimate and ultimate Zone V events. Earthquakes in 1891 and 1864 are possible earlier Zone V events. The next Zone V event is not expected in the next few decades, assuming a time-dependent recurrence model: the mean forecast date is 2064 (2035–2104, 95% confidence range). We further suggest that Zones I, II, III, and IV fail in recurring M ∼ 5.1–5.3, M ∼ 5.6–5.8, M ∼ 6.1–6.3, and M ∼ 4.9–5.0 earthquakes, respectively. If our earthquake recurrence model is correct, the next Zone I event is overdue and could occur anytime, and M5–6 earthquakes should not occur on Zones II, III, and IV before 2014, 2012, and 2026, respectively. We cannot rule out the possibility that Zone VI, which lies at the southern end of the Mission Seismic Trend, where the southern Hayward and central Calaveras faults appear to connect at depth, fails aseismically or in large events on the southern Hayward fault, such as last occurred in 1868, or in large events on the adjoining northern Calaveras fault segment.
The Performance of the Foreign Exchange Markets: 1971–1974

This paper explores the behavior of the foreign exchange markets for the floating rate period since 1973 and the immediately preceding fixed rate period. The author presents evidence showing that the cost of forward cover and the gains from speculation in the forward market for the major currencies has not changed significantly between the two periods and, in fact, the forward rate has been an unbiased predictor of the future spot rate for the floating rate period.
Erosion and uplift uncertainties in the Barents Sea, Norway

Three different types of methods are used to assess the ability to determine erosion amounts and to provide estimates of uncertainty. In the situation of dynamical indicator methods, such as seismic velocity, sonic logs, density logs, or drilling exponent methods, intrinsic assumptions and parameter values used provide only a broad statement on the resolution of uplift/erosion events. None of the methods is more accurate, at best, to better than ± 1 km and likely much worse. For geological model procedures, exemplified by considerations of Airy isostasy and by bed upturning near a salt dome in the Nordkapp Basin of the Barents Sea, the uncertainties are again of the order of ± 500–1000 m. With thermal indicator procedures, the bulk of the constraint information from available data is needed to determine paleoheat flux with little left over to constrain the erosion, implying a minimum uncertainty of ± 500 m on erosion determinations. No method seems capable of resolving erosional events to better than a minimum uncertainty of ± 500 m, and likely no better than ± 1 km.
The role of hydroplasmic pressure in stolonic growth movements in the hydroid, Bougainvillia

The effects of intrastolonic pressure on growth activity of the stolon have been ascertained by simultaneously observing the direction of hydroplasmic flow and movements of the stolon tip at close time intervals over many consecutive growth cycles. During each growth cycle (4.4–5.8 minutes long) the tip passes through three distinct stages of inherent retractile potential and associated responsiveness to hydroplasmic pressure. (1) Beginning abruptly at the crest, it displays a strong retractile propensity: low pressure (from proximal flow) elicits a retraction of up to 5.5 μ per 0.2 minute, until the onset of distal flow (increasing pressure) causes it to immediately re-extend. Thus the depth of retraction is directly determined by the degree and duration of low pressure following the crest. (2) After 1.8–2.0 minutes this retractile tendency becomes suddenly diminished. The tip, if still retracted, now re-extends regardless of the intrastolonic pressure, and proximal flow during the middle third of the cycle causes only a delayed and shallow retraction to define an intermediate peak. (3) During the final third of the cycle the tip is nonresponsive to hydroplasmic pressure: even under circumstances of lowest pressure, it extends forward to a new crest. It is suggested that this varying retractile capacity may be associated with the pattern of changing thickness of the epidermal layer at the stolon tip. Certain features of the hydroplasmic flow and stolon growth cycles appear to be interrelated, most notably the consistent cessation of proximal flow in relation to a crest or trough. Thus some degree of control seems likely between the stolon tip and the contractile zone responsible for flow.
A refined hybrid plate theory for composite laminates with piezoelectric laminae

In this paper, a refined theory of laminated composite plates with piezoelectric laminae is developed. The equations of motion of the theory are developed using an energy principle. This formulation is based on linear piezoelectricity, and includes the coupling between mechanical deformations and the charge equations of electrostatics. The theory developed herein is hybrid in the sense that an equivalent single-layer theory is used for the mechanical displacement field, whereas the potential function for piezoelectric laminae is modeled using a layerwise discretization in the thickness direction. For the equivalent single layer, the third-order shear deformation theory of Reddy is used. This hybrid feature is good in that it demonstrates a way in which multilayered smart skin piezoelectric structures may be analysed to accommodate multiple voltage inputs and/or sensor outputs.
In vitro propagation of the onion Allium cepa by axillary and adventitious shoot proliferation

Abstract Shoots and scale-base explants dissected from bulbs of the onion Allium cepa proliferated numerous shoots on nutrient medium containing 1–4 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.12–0.5 mg/l 1-naphthylacetic acid. Most shoots arose adventitiously from scale explants or leaf bases, but some precocious axillary branching also occurred. In vitro shoots eventually formed bulbils which proliferated further axillary and adventitious shoots when trimmed and split in half before subculture to fresh medium. Root formation was not entirely suppressed by cytokinin and plantlets could be transplanted successfully to compost.
Current Status and Future Perspectives for Unmanned Aircraft System Operations in the US

An aircraft (manned aircraft) may enter safely and legally into the US National Airspace System if and only if it has an airworthiness certificate complying with Federal Aviation Administration requirements. Although corresponding requirements, procedures and regulations for unmanned aircraft are in early development stages, they are expected to be similar to those set for manned aviation. This paper presents a brief overview of current airworthiness certification procedures and requirements for manned aviation, followed by a survey of the current status of Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) regulations in the US but also internationally. Future perspectives of UAS regulation are discussed along with a proposed UAS classification for certification purposes, presentation of a possible certification roadmap, as well as regulatory paths for ultra-light UAS.
Magnetic structures of superlattices

Abstract Artificial superlattices of rare earth metals consisting of alternate magnetic and nonmagnetic layers exhibit long-range spin coupling for superlattices grown along the c -axis. This coupling is destroyed in superlattices with basal plane growth direction confirming the anisotropy in the spin density wave interaction. The occurrence of various spin structures is strongly influenced by magnetoelastic effects.
Doing business in Brazil: A strategic approach

Brazil has the largest economy in South America, and the second largest in Latin America, offering one of the most promising markets in the world. Along with China and India, Brazil is ranked among the nations with the highest predicted development rates in the next 25 years. In the early 2000s, Brazil accounted for 56% of all foreign direct investment flows to South America and 52.5% of the foreign direct investment stock in South America. Brazil is also a key player in the design and development of the Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA), which is scheduled to be effective by 2005. The FTAA is expected to be the world's largest regional trading block. In 2002, Brazil was ranked twelfth amongst the largest economies in the world. Brazil is one of the world's “Big Five” emerging markets, along with China, India, Mexico, and Indonesia. In the past decade, Brazil was second to China among emerging economies for received foreign direct investment. This article elaborates on the main aspects of doing business in Brazil and discusses some of the challenges and opportunities facing the Brazilian economy. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does "science" make you moral? The effects of priming science on moral judgments and behavior

Background Previous work has noted that science stands as an ideological force insofar as the answers it offers to a variety of fundamental questions and concerns; as such, those who pursue scientific inquiry have been shown to be concerned with the moral and social ramifications of their scientific endeavors. No studies to date have directly investigated the links between exposure to science and moral or prosocial behaviors. Methodology/Principal Findings Across four studies, both naturalistic measures of science exposure and experimental primes of science led to increased adherence to moral norms and more morally normative behaviors across domains. Study 1 (n = 36) tested the natural correlation between exposure to science and likelihood of enforcing moral norms. Studies 2 (n = 49), 3 (n = 52), and 4 (n = 43) manipulated thoughts about science and examined the causal impact of such thoughts on imagined and actual moral behavior. Across studies, thinking about science had a moralizing effect on a broad array of domains, including interpersonal violations (Studies 1, 2), prosocial intentions (Study 3), and economic exploitation (Study 4). Conclusions/Significance These studies demonstrated the morally normative effects of lay notions of science. Thinking about science leads individuals to endorse more stringent moral norms and exhibit more morally normative behavior. These studies are the first of their kind to systematically and empirically test the relationship between science and morality. The present findings speak to this question and elucidate the value-laden outcomes of the notion of science.
Peak parking-moment analysis. A strategy for the study of the mass-transfer kinetics in the stationary phase.

The combination of peak parking and moment analysis is proved to be a powerful strategy for studying the molecular diffusivity of solute molecules in stationary phases and for determining the corresponding kinetic parameters. The physical meaning of the traditional kinetic parameter, γsDs, the diffusion coefficient of solute molecules in stationary phases, is first clarified. A second kinetic parameter, DLs, is then derived from γsDs, and the correspondence between DLs and the surface diffusion coefficient, Dsur, is discussed. Then, the results of peak parking experiments carried out with RPLC systems using aqueous methanol solutions and C18-silica columns are reported. The moments of pulse responses were measured and are analyzed. The values and some characteristics of DLs measured by the peak parking−moment analysis method are compared with those of Dsur determined using the pulse response−moment analysis method. The comparison of the numerical values of DLs and Dsur suggests that DLs is nearly equal to...
The Plots that Failed: Intelligence Lessons Learned from Unsuccessful Terrorist Attacks Against the United States

While much of the focus of terrorism research is on successful terrorist attacks, the most significant lessons for terrorism prevention may come from examination of terrorist plots and attacks that do not succeed. This article analyzes 176 terrorist plots against American targets that have been thwarted or otherwise failed during the past 25 years. It considers what kinds of intelligence and security measures are most useful in counterterrorism, and argues that the conventional wisdom about why intelligence fails—because analysts and agencies are unable to “connect the dots”—is wrong. Most plots, especially domestic terrorist plots, are not foiled through imaginative analysis, but through conventional law enforcement efforts and aggressive domestic intelligence collection that reveal to authorities just what the plotters are up to.
Mixtures of factor analyzers: an extension with covariates

This paper examines the analysis of an extended finite mixture of factor analyzers (MFA) where both the continuous latent variable (common factor) and the categorical latent variable (component label) are assumed to be influenced by the effects of fixed observed covariates. A polytomous logistic regression model is used to link the categorical latent variable to its corresponding covariate, while a traditional linear model with normal noise is used to model the effect of the covariate on the continuous latent variable. The proposed model turns out be in various ways an extension of many existing related models, and as such offers the potential to address some of the issues not fully handled by those previous models. A detailed derivation of an EM algorithm is proposed for parameter estimation, and latent variable estimates are obtained as by-products of the overall estimation procedure.
Practical implications of modes of statistical inference for causal effects and the critical role of the assignment mechanism.

Abstract: Causal inference in an important topic and one that is now attracting serious attention of statisticians. Although there exist recent discussions concerning the general definition of causal effects and a substantial literature on specific techniques for the analysis of data in randomized and nonrandomized studies, there has been relatively little discussion of modes of statistical inference for causal effects. This presentation briefly describes and contrasts four basic modes of statistical inference for causal effects, emphasizes the common underlying causal framework with a posited assignment mechanism, and describes practical implications in the context of an example involving the effects of switching from a name-brand to a generic drug. A fundamental conclusion is that in such nonrandomized studies, sensitivity of inference to the assignment mechanism is the dominant issue, and it cannot be avoided by changing modes of inference, for instance, by changing from randomization-based to Bayesian methods. INTRODUCTION Causal Inference Causal inference is a topic that statisticians are addressing more vigorously and rigorously in recent years. This is a desirable development for statistics, as supported by Cox's (1986) comment on Holland (1986b) that “ the issues explicitly and implicitly raised by the article seem to me more important for the foundations of our subject than the discussion of the nature of probability ”.
A Note on the Queue M/Ek/r

The steady state solution of the queue M/Ek/r presented in a previous article [2] is amended. A simpler method of finding the basis set of state probabilities and a simpler form of the generating function for the state probabilities are derived.
Molecular analysis of the genetic relationship of trans interacting factors at the T/t complex

The T/t complex is an extensive genetic region proximal to the H–2 complex on mouse chromosome 17, with multiple effects on embryonic development, spermatogenesis and recombination1–3. Recently, two-dimensional gel analysis of testicular cell proteins identified a gene within the T/t complex that codes for a major cell surface-associated protein, p63/6.9 (ref. 4). The wild-type gene, Tcp-1b codes for a 63,000-motecular weight protein (p63/6.9b), whereas a mutant allele, Tcp-1a, which occurs in all intact t haplotypes, codes for a more acidic form of the protein (p63/6.9a). Analysis of partial t haplotypes obtained from rare recombination events showed that Tcp-1a correlated completely with the tail interaction factor tT, which is thought to be a genetic allele of T, thus raising the possibility that the locus of T codes for the p63/6.9 protein. We report here that the p63/6.9 proteins produced by seven chromosomes carrying independently derived dominant mutations at the locus of T are all indistinguishable from the wild-type form; thus, Ehe cumulative data indicate that the Tcp-1 gene is most probably not at the locus of T.
K12/SECTM1, an interferon-γ regulated molecule, synergizes with CD28 to costimulate human T cell proliferation

CD7 is a cell-surface molecule, expressed on T lymphocytes and NK cells, which functions as a costimulatory receptor for T cell proliferation. SECTM1 has been proposed as a ligand for CD7. However, the expression pattern of this molecule in human immune cells and role in human T cell function remain unclear. In the present study, using human rSECTM1, we demonstrate that SECTM1 strongly costimulates CD4 and CD8 T cell proliferation and induces IFN-γ production, likely via a CD7-dependent mechanism. In addition, SECTM1 synergizes with suboptimal anti-CD28 to strongly augment T cell functions. We found a robust induction of IL-2 production when SECTM1 and anti-CD28 signals were present with TCR ligation. Furthermore, addition of SECTM1 into a MLR significantly enhanced proliferation of alloantigen-activated T cells, whereas blockade of SECTM1 inhibited T cell proliferation in a two-way MLR assay. Simultaneously blocking the effect of SECTM1, along with CTLA-4/Fc, diminishes two-way MLR. Finally, we demonstrated that expression of SECTM1 is not detected in monocytes and imMoDCs at the protein level. However, it is strongly induced by IFN-γ in monocytes and imMoDCs, and this induction is STAT1-dependent. These results indicate that SECTM1 is a broadly expressed, IFN-γ-inducible molecule, which functions as a potent costimulatory ligand for T cell activation and is synergistic with anti-CD28.
Reactions of the 1D State of Oxygen and Carbon

Reactions of atomic oxygen and carbon in the excited 1D state with simple (i.e., single-bonded) diatomic molecules are considerably more varied than those involving hydrogen (2S) and halogen (2P) atoms. The chemistry of these systems is too complex to be understood in terms of the usual A + BC LEPS-type model potentials. A quasiclassical trajectory investigation of the dynamics of these reactions therefore requires the use of a more sophisticated representation of the interaction potential. One interesting aspect of the various reactions involving 1D atoms is the method of attack of the oxygen or carbon atom on the diatomic molecule. The atom can approach the diatomic so as to “insert” into the original bond and form a collision complex which subsequently decomposes. The driving force for such reactions arises from the deep potential well associated with the lowest singlet state of the three atom system, e.g., H2O(X 1A′) and \(CH_{2}(\tilde{a}^{1}A{}')\). In another mode of attack, the incident atom may “abstract” an atom from the diatomic molecule in a direct reaction without entering the potential well. Trajectory studies can provide detailed information about the reaction pathways. When a collision complex does form, the behavior of the complex can be monitored to give information on the lifetimes of the complexes and the degree of randomization of the internal energy before the complex decomposes.
Virtual Reality as an Adjunctive Non-pharmacologic Analgesic for Acute Burn Pain During Medical Procedures

Introduction Excessive pain during medical procedures is a widespread problem but is especially problematic during daily wound care of patients with severe burn injuries.
Key Resources on Benchmarking in Community Colleges.

This chapter reviews resources from scholars, practi-tioners, and policymakers on benchmarking in community colleges.
Consultation with the specialist: dysmenorrhea.

1. Paula J. Adams Hillard, MD* 1. *Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Recognize the prevalence of dysmenorrhea in adolescents and its common results. 2. Describe a menstrual history that is most consistent with primary dysmenorrhea. 3. List the mediators of uterine pain and contractions believed to be involved in the pathophysiology of primary dysmenorrhea. 4. Recommend the appropriate evaluation and management of primary dysmenorrhea, including the appropriate choice and dosing of both over-the-counter and prescription medications. 5. Recognize patients who should be referred for evaluation of possible causes of secondary dysmenorrhea. A 15½-year-old girl came to the office with complaints of the recent onset of painful menstrual periods. She experienced her first menstrual period at the age of 13 years and except for an occasional mildly uncomfortable menstrual period, had not experienced significant pain until recently. She reported regular monthly menses, although she did not write down the dates. She described additional symptoms that also had not been present previously, including headache, loose stools, and breast tenderness. She has tried several over-the-counter medications, including acetaminophen, without significant relief. She has missed 3 days of school in the last 6 weeks because of these complaints. She is otherwise healthy, having no major illnesses, no history of surgeries, and no other genitourinary complaints. There is no family history of endometriosis; severe dysmenorrhea; menorrhagia; irregular periods; infertility; uterine fibroids; or breast, ovarian, colon, or uterine cancer. Her mother recalled that she had been prescribed oral contraceptives at the age of 16 years to alleviate her severe menstrual cramps. When spoken with privately, having been assured confidentiality, the girl denied sexual activity or abuse. She was doing well in school, making As and Bs, and felt that the relationship with her parents and one sister were good. She reported that she experienced crampy midline lower abdominal pain that began with the …
The design and fabrication of thin-film CdS/Cu 2 S cells of 9.15-percent conversion efficiency

Thin-film polycrystalline CdS/Cu 2 S cells with energy conversion efficiencies in sunlight of up to 9.15 percent and areas of ∼1 cm2have been developed. The improvement over previously achieved efficiencies is due to the development of techniques to separately measure and minimize fill factor losses. Specific design and fabrication changes based on a detailed quantitative analysis of the cell operation, were introduced to correct series resistance, shunt conductance and field effect losses. Further increases in efficiency can be expected from the development of a planar junction thin-film CdS/Cu 2 S cell.
Ethylene-Oxygen Reactions Induced by Exposures to a Continuous CO2 Laser

The reactions of ethylene induced by irradiation with a relatively low power, continuous CO2 laser were studied. Ethylene and ethylene oxygen mixtures were irradiated using a laser beam of power (a...
Sex‐role stereotyping of children on television: A content analysis of the roles and attributes of child characters

A content analysis of child characters on prime‐time television revealed that while boys and girls are significantly different on only four out of 13 character traits (boys are considered more active, aggressive, rational and unhappy than are girls) they do differ significantly in the types of activities in which they participate. Girls talk on the telephone, read and help with housework, and boys play sports, go places and make mischief.
N-Methyl Groups in Bacterial Lipids III. Phospholipids of Hyphomicrobia

The phospholipids of Hyphomicrobium vulgare NQ-521 have been separated by preparative thin-layer chromatography and analyzed by paper chromotography of the water-soluble products of acid and mild alkaline hydrolysis. The principal phospholipids are phosphatidyl ethanolamine (23%), phosphatidyl N,N ′-dimethylethanolamine (36%), lecithin (29%), and phosphatidyl glycerol (10%). Three other strains of Hyphomicrobium were found to have similar phospholipid compositions. Growing cells incorporated the methyl group of methionine into lipid-bound N,N ′-dimethylethanolamine and choline. Experiments with sonic extracts of H. vulgare NQ-521 and 14 C (methyl) S -adenosylmethionine demonstrated the formation of phosphatidyl N -monomethylethanolamine in addition to the dimethylethanolamine and choline phosphatides.
Stable isotope enrichment in stratospheric nitrous oxide

Nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas that also plays a role in the cycling of stratospheric ozone. Air samples from the lower stratosphere exhibit 15N/14N and18O/16O enrichment in nitrous oxide, which can be accounted for with a simple model describing an irreversible destruction process. The observed enrichments are quite large and incompatible with those determined for the main stratospheric nitrous oxide loss processes of photolysis and reaction with excited atomic oxygen. Thus, although no stratospheric source needs to be invoked, the data indicate that present understanding of stratospheric nitrous oxide chemistry is incomplete.
Prospective evaluation of the self-pressurized air-Q intubating laryngeal airway in children.

Summary Objectives: To assess the clinical efficacy of the self-pressurized air-Q ILA� (ILA-SP). Aim: The purpose of this prospective audit was to evaluate the feasibility of the ILA-SP in clinical practice and generate data for future comparison trials. Background: The ILA-SP is a new first-generation supraglottic airway for children with a self-adjusting cuff and lack of a pilot balloon. Methods: Over a 4-month period, 352 children with an ASA physical status of I–III, newborn to 18 years of age, undergoing various procedures were studied. Data points assessed included insertion success rates, airway leak pressures, quality of ventilation, and perioperative complications associated with the use of this device. Results: In 349 of the 352 patients in this study, the ILA-SP was used successfully as a primary supraglottic airway device in a variety of patients. Three patients required conversion to a standard laryngeal mask airway or a tracheal tube. The mean initial airway leak pressure for all patients was 17.8 ± 5.4 cm H2O, and 20.4 ± 5.5 cm H2O when re-checked at 10 min, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Complications were limited to 14 patients and related to reflex activation of the airway (coughing, laryngospasm, and bronchospasm) (n = 10), sore throat (n = 3), and blood staining on removal of the device (n = 1). There were no episodes of regurgitation, aspiration, or hoarseness. Conclusions: Acceptable clinical performance was demonstrated with the ILA-SP for a variety of procedures in infants and children with spontaneous and positive pressure ventilation. Future studies comparing this device to other supraglottic airways may provide useful information regarding the safety of the ILA-SP in pediatric clinical practice.
Circadian patterns of urinary electrolyte excretion in central nervous system disease.

Abstract Circadian patterns of urinary electrolyte excretion were investigated in normal subjects, and in conscious patients with (1) hypothalamic disease (without significant endocrinopathy), (2) extrahypothalamic central nervous system disease, and (3) pituitary disease. Normal patterns were observed in all cases of extrahypothalamic central nervous system disease. Abnormal patterns (consisting of phase reversal), were found in five of ten patients with hypothalamic disease. The patients with pituitary disease all tended to show flattening of the circadian pattern of urinary electrolyte excretion. The alteration observed in this group was independent of the extent of endocrinopathy present. These findings support the concept of a central nervous system role in the regulation of circadian patterns of urinary electrolyte excretion.
Immunological memory is compromised by food restriction in deer mice Peromyscus maniculatus

The immune system protects organisms against infection, but this protection presumably comes at a cost. Here, we asked whether food restriction would compromise the ability of an organism to genera...
Southern District News

(1949). Southern District News. Journal of the American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation: Vol. 20, No. 7, pp. 464-465.
Does donor race still make a difference in deceased- donor African-American renal allograft recipients?

BACKGROUND: Prior studies have demonstrated that African-American (AA) donor kidneys are independently associated with an increased risk for graft loss. METHODS: We examined outcomes in comparable groups of AA deceased-donor (DD) kidney transplant patients receiving an AA donor (n 35) versus a Caucasian donor (C group; n 150) organ. RESULTS: There were no differences between AA and C groups in patient survival, new-onset diabetes, or BK nephropathy. The AA group demonstrated a significantly higher 6-month and overall incidence of acute rejection (AR), increased cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, and decreased graft survival. Recurrent or de novo focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) accounted for a significantly higher fraction of graft losses in the AA versus C group. CONCLUSIONS: AA DD renal allograft recipients have equivalent patient but decreased graft survival when transplanted with an AA versus C kidney using current immunosuppression. This may be the result of increased AR, CMV infection, and recurrence/development of FSGS.
How We Found The Missing Memristor

This article discusses the development of a memristor and how it works. A memristor is a contraction of a memory resistor and is a two-terminal device whose resistance depends on the voltage applied to it and the length of time that voltage has been applied. This device remembers its history, that is, when you turn off the voltage, the memristor remembers its most recent resistance until the next time you turn it on.
Design of Fast Connected Components Hardware

The intensive use of the connected components algorithms in image analysis and robot vision calls for a very fast implementation of such algorithms suitable for real-time applications. A hardware design is presented which implements the algorithm due to J.T. Schwartz, M. Sharir, and A. Siegel (1985). A prototype board, which does not use special VLSI chips, had been constructed previously that can compute the connected components in a 512*512 binary image in few video frame times (about 300 ms). A real-time version (video speed) in VLSI is proposed. >
Nested linear codes achieve Marton's inner bound for general broadcast channels

In several multi-terminal communication systems, it has been noted that the average performance of linear code ensemble is better than that of the standard unstructured code ensemble. However, it is well-known that linear code ensembles cannot achieve the point-to-point capacity of an arbitrary discrete memoryless channel. In this paper, we study nested linear codes and prove they achieve capacity of arbitrary discrete memoryless point to point channel with and without channel state information at the transmitter. Furthermore, we prove nested linear codes achieve Marton's inner bound, the largest known inner bound for the general discrete broadcast channel.
Caloric Intake on the Sabbath: A Pilot Study of Contributing Factors to Obesity in the Orthodox Jewish Community

The American Orthodox Jewish community has specific cultural factors that may contribute to overweight and obesity. This study aimed to look at caloric intake on the Sabbath and its contribution to overweight and obesity. Twelve married or previously married women who identify themselves as Orthodox Jews were recruited to do 24-h food recalls over the phone. The participants were divided into three weight groups (normal, overweight, and obese) based on their BMI. The overweight and obese participants' data were combined into one group for the purposes of statistical testing. Paired t tests looking at the data for all participants showed significantly great caloric intake during an average Sabbath day than an average weekday [t(4) = 7.58, p < 0.001]. A repeated-measures ANOVA showed significantly greater energy intake on the Sabbath for the overweight-obese women compared to the normal weight women [F(1) = 7.83, p = 0.02]. No statistical difference was seen between the weekday energy intake of the normal weight women as compared to the combined group of overweight-obese women [F(1) = 0.501, p = 0.499]. These results support the hypotheses that all groups eat significantly more on the Sabbath than on weekdays, and overweight and obese individuals eat significantly more on the Sabbath than normal weight individuals. This supports the theory that caloric intake on the Sabbath is a contributing factor to overweight and obesity within the American Orthodox Jewish community.
Expanding Slayer Statutes to Elder Abuse

Common law has a dictum that people must not benefit from their crimes. In years past, states have enacted slayer rules to prevent killers from inheriting from their victims. The specific criteria and applicability of slayer rules vary by jurisdiction. Recently, several states, including Washington, have expanded their slayer rules to disqualify persons from inheriting if they have been involved in abuse or financial exploitation of the deceased. Reviewed herein are the abuse disinheritance laws, the relationship of the laws to concepts of testamentary capacity and undue influence, and the relevance to forensic psychiatric evaluations.
The effect of ACTH on nonspecific ulcerative colitis.

Summary ACTH was administered to 5 patients with acute toxic ulcerative colitis. There was reduction of temperature elevation in 4 of the 5. Diarrhea was unaffected by ACTH therapy in 4 of the 5 patients. The 1 patient whose diarrhea was benefited was also receiving Azopyrin. Proctoscopic examination showed improvement only in the patient who received Azopyrin concomitantly with ACTH. ACTH therapy had no effect on the appearance of the rectal mucosa in the other 4 cases observed. ACTH, while apparently of value in reducing the febrile reaction in acute toxic ulcerative colitis, appears to have little effect on the accompanying diarrhea or on the appearance of the rectal mucosa.
LVI. Abstract of meteorological observations made during the year 1846 at Gongo Soco, in the interior of Brazil

(1846). LVIII. Abstract of meteorological observations made during the year 1845 at Gongo Soco, in the interior of Brazil. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 28, No. 188, pp. 364-368.
Solution-Based n-Type Doping in Metal Oxides for Next-Generation Solar Cells

Solution-based doping methods are particularly suitable for low-cost, high-throughput and large-area processing of next-generation solar cells. In this paper, we review our recent progress in n-type doping of metal oxides during electrochemical deposition of these materials, including ZnO and Cu2O. For naturally n-type ZnO, n-type doping is achieved by substituting the cation (Zn) with a group III element (Al or Ga). In naturally p-type Cu2O, n-type doping is realized by substituting the anion (O) with a halogen (Cl or Br). The latter is of particular interest since it is in principle a universal n-type doping technique for all chalcogenides, while cation substitution has to be worked out on a case-by-case basis depending on the cation valence. In both cases, the doping mechanism is believed to be co-precipitation of either ZnO with dopant oxide (Al2O3 or Ga2O3) or Cu2O with Cu halide (CuCl or CuBr). Several 3rd-generation concepts are enabled by these solution-based doping methods, including 1) a radial p-n junction in chalcogenide nanowires for enhanced charge separation at the organic/inorganic interface and 2) a 3-dimentional p-n junction through chalcogenide nanowires as a new cell architecture for next-generation inorganic solar cells.
A Clinical Report on Dorsal Bunion in Talipes Equinovarus

Iatrogenic dorsal bunion in children is observed mostly after operation for talipes equinovarus or post-poliomyelitic paralysis. The dorsal bunion is the deformity of the foot characterized by plantar-flexion of the great toe and concomitant dorsi-flexion of the fist metatarsal, and is often associated with hallut valgus or varus deformity.A 16 year old male with dorsal bunion with hallux varus deformity is presented. We have successfully achieved correction of the deformity by an operation developed by D. W. McKay in 1983, in which the tendons of the flexor brevis and the abductor and the adductor muscles of hallux are transferred to the neck of the first metatarsal.
A New Technique for the Facilitation of Rapid Sequence Intubation: “The Prime Time Principle”

Untill now, succinylcholine (SCh) has been used most frequently for rapid sequence tracheal intubation(RSTI). The present investigation was designed to determine whether or not satisfactory RSTI can be accomplished with nondepolarizeing MR.
Technical Note: A treatment plan comparison between dynamic collimation and a fixed aperture during spot scanning proton therapy for brain treatment

Purpose: To quantitatively assess the advantages of energy-layer specific dynamic collimation system (DCS) versus a per-field fixed aperture for spot scanning proton therapy (SSPT). Methods: Five brain cancer patients previously planned and treated with SSPT were replanned using an in-house treatment planning system capable of modeling collimated and uncollimated proton beamlets. The uncollimated plans, which served as a baseline for comparison, reproduced the target coverage and organ-at-risk sparing of the clinically delivered plans. The collimator opening for the fixed aperture-based plans was determined from the combined cross sections of the target in the beam’s eye view over all energy layers which included an additional margin equivalent to the maximum beamlet displacement for the respective energy of that energy layer. The DCS-based plans were created by selecting appropriate collimator positions for each row of beam spots during a Raster-style scanning pattern which were optimized to maximize the dose contributions to the target and limited the dose delivered to adjacent normal tissue. Results: The reduction of mean dose to normal tissue adjacent to the target, as defined by a 10 mm ring surrounding the target, averaged 13.65% (range: 11.8%–16.9%) and 5.18% (2.9%–7.1%) for the DCS and fixed aperture plans, respectively. The conformity index, as defined by the ratio of the volume of the 50% isodose line to the target volume, yielded an average improvement of 21.35% (19.4%–22.6%) and 8.38% (4.7%–12.0%) for the DCS and fixed aperture plans, respectively. Conclusions: The ability of the DCS to provide collimation to each energy layer yielded better conformity in comparison to fixed aperture plans.
Examining the dynamics of strategic search from long-term memory

Abstract In two experiments the dynamic nature of strategic search from long-term memory was examined. Participants retrieved exemplars from various categories over several minutes. Periodically during retrieval participants were presented with a probe asking what strategies, if any, they were currently using to retrieve the desired information. This novel thought probe technique allowed for insights into the nature of in-the-moment retrieval strategies. Across both experiments it was found that participants reported using a variety of strategies, but depending on the task certain strategies were used more often than others. In particular, some strategies were used more frequently in one task than another, whereas other strategies seemed to cut across tasks. Furthermore, examining the time course of strategies suggested that participants often started off using one strategy, but then switched to using other strategies during the retrieval period. Finally, individual differences in general retrieval abilities were shown to be due to unique and joint contributions of search strategies and working memory capacity. These results provide evidence for the notion that when retrieving information from long-term memory, participants use various search strategies that are tailored to the task at hand and these strategies dynamically change throughout the retrieval period.
Evaluation of buccal cell samples for studies of oral microbiota.

Background: The human microbiota is postulated to affect cancer risk, but collecting microbiota specimens with prospective follow-up for diseases will take time. Buccal cell samples have been obtained from mouthwash for the study of human genomic DNA in many cohort studies. Here, we evaluate the feasibility of using buccal cell samples to examine associations of human microbiota and disease risk. Methods: We obtained buccal cells from mouthwash in 41 healthy participants using a protocol that is widely employed to obtain buccal cells for the study of human DNA. We compared oral microbiota from buccal cells with that from eight other oral sample types collected by following the protocols of the Human Microbiome Project. Microbiota profiles were determined by sequencing 16S rRNA gene V3–V4 region. Results: Compared with each of the eight other oral samples, the buccal cell samples had significantly more observed species (P Conclusions: Stored buccal cell samples in prospective cohort studies are a promising resource to study associations of oral microbiota with disease. Impact: The feasibility of using existing buccal cell collections in large prospective cohorts allows investigations of the role of oral microbiota in chronic disease etiology in large population studies possible today. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(2); 249–53. ©2016 AACR.