cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biochemical changes during acetate deprivation and repletion in Euglena.

Summary Cultures of a streptomycin-bleached strain of Euglena gracilis, starved of acetate, remain almost completely viable for at least 13 days. Some biochemical effects of acetate deprivation and repletion in these cells have been examined. 1. The paramylon content decreases by 90 per cent during the 13-day acetate starvation, the RNA by 55 per cent, the protein by 45 per cent, and the DNA by about 30 per cent. The ability to oxidize added acetate decreases about 30-fold. The carotenoid content of these cells, however, increases. 2. The effect of the age distribution of cells in a logarithmically growing culture on these measurements was examined theoretically. It was suggested that the decrease in DNA could be accounted for by failure of the starved cells to resynthesize DNA after their last division. 3. Following the return of the starved cells to a complete medium there is a lag period of growth, linearly related to the length of starvation. In the first three hours of this lag period, before there is any appreciable protein synthesis, the ability to oxidize acetate increases greatly. At the end of the growth lag period logarithmic growth resumes with a normal generation time. The time course of biochemical resynthesis during this lag period depends upon the duration of starvation. 4. The data suggest the operation of control mechanisms allowing the cells to utilize cytoplasmic components selectively for survival.
Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy after previous prostate radiotherapy for high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Abstract Objectives Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy is a standard treatment for high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). We evaluated outcomes of BCG therapy for NMIBC in patients with a previous history of prostate cancer (CaP) radiotherapy (RT). Materials and methods A retrospective review of patients with a history of CaP RT who subsequently underwent treatment with intravesical BCG for high-grade NMIBC was performed. Patients were categorized as “BCG success” or “BCG failure” (defined as stage progression or recurrent/persistent disease). We evaluated factors related to the radiotherapy (type, interval to BCG), bladder cancer (clinical stage, immunotherapy type, and course), and patient comorbidities, to identify factors associated with BCG failure. Results From 1996 to 2008, 26 patients with high-grade NMIBC received intravesical BCG immunotherapy after CaP RT. At a mean follow-up of nearly 5 years, 13 patients (50%) were successfully managed with one or more induction courses of BCG with or without the addition of interferon alpha. Twelve (46%) eventually required cystectomy for disease recurrence or progression, of which half had pathologically advanced disease (≥pT3). Clinical stage was similar between BCG success and failure patients ( P = 0.40). Those who failed immunotherapy were more likely to have had a longer interval between RT and BCG induction (5.8 vs. 2.4 years, P = 0.02). Conclusion Approximately 50% of patients with NMIBC who were previously exposed to prostate radiation had a durable response to intravesical BCG. For non-responders, extravesical progression was common.
Identification of Tetraacylglycerols in Lesquerella Oil by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry of the Lithium Adducts

Tetraacylglycerol (an acylglycerol estolide) contains an acyl chain attached to the hydroxyl group of another acyl chain attached to the glycerol backbone. Lesquerolic acid (Ls, OH1420:111) is the main fatty acid in lesquerella oil and may be used industrially for the manufacture of biodegradable industrial products. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of the lithium adducts of acylglycerols in the high-performance liquid chromatography fractions from the seed oil of lesquerella (Physaria fendleri) was used to identify thirteen tetraacylglycerols. They were LsLsLsLn, LsLsLsL, LsLs-OH20:2-O, LsLsLsO, LsLsLnLn, LsLsLLn, LsLsOLn, LsLsLL, LsLsOL, LsLsOP, LsLsOO, LsLsLS and LsLsOS. The OH20:2 was auricolic acid (OH1420:211,17). For the four tetraacylglycerols containing one normal fatty acid (non-hydroxy fatty acid), LsLsLsLn, LsLsLsL, LsLs-OH20:2-O and LsLsLsO, the normal fatty acids were all directly attached to the glycerol backbone, not to the hydroxyl group of fatty acids. We propose that the biosynthetic precursors (triacylglycerol acyltransferase) of these four tetraacylglycerols were LsLsLn, LsLsL, LsLsO (Ls-OH20:2-O) and LsLsO individually. LsLsO and Ls-OH20:2-O were equally active as the biosynthetic precursors for LsLs-OH20:2-O. For LsLsLS, linoleate were all attached to the glycerol backbone and LsLsL was proposed to be the biosynthetic precursor. For LsLsOS, stearate were all attached to the glycerol backbone and LsLsS was proposed to be the biosynthetic precursor. For the other seven tetraacylglycerols containing two normal fatty acids, LsLsAB, the biosynthetic precursors could be both LsLsA and LsLsB.
Understanding the Origins of Gliomas and Developing Novel Therapies: Cerebrospinal Fluid and Subventricular Zone Interplay

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults, carries a poor prognosis, with median survival generally less than 1 year. Although initial therapy often eradicates the bulk of the tumor, disease recurrence, usually within 2 cm of the original tumor, is almost inevitable. This may be due to a failure of current therapies to eradicate viable chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-resistant neoplastic progenitor cells, which may then repopulate tumors. An increasing body of preclinical data suggests that these cells may correspond to stem cells derived from the subventricular zone (SVZ), which migrate to tumor sites and contribute to glioma growth and recurrence. Therapeutic targeting of SVZ stem cell populations via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-directed therapy may provide a means for limiting tumor recurrence. This approach has proved successful in the treatment of medulloblastoma, another brain tumor thought to be derived from stem cells. We discuss the rationale and design considerations for a clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of CSF-directed therapy for preventing GBM recurrence.
Detecting Fake Medical Web Sites Using Recursive Trust Labeling

Fake medical Web sites have become increasingly prevalent. Consequently, much of the health-related information and advice available online is inaccurate and/or misleading. Scores of medical institution Web sites are for organizations that do not exist and more than 90p of online pharmacy Web sites are fraudulent. In addition to monetary losses exacted on unsuspecting users, these fake medical Web sites have severe public safety ramifications. According to a World Health Organization report, approximately half the drugs sold on the Web are counterfeit, resulting in thousands of deaths. In this study, we propose an adaptive learning algorithm called recursive trust labeling (RTL). RTL uses underlying content and graph-based classifiers, coupled with a recursive labeling mechanism, for enhanced detection of fake medical Web sites. The proposed method was evaluated on a test bed encompassing nearly 100 million links between 930,000 Web sites, including 1,000 known legitimate and fake medical sites. The experimental results revealed that RTL was able to significantly improve fake medical Web site detection performance over 19 comparison content and graph-based methods, various meta-learning techniques, and existing adaptive learning approaches, with an overall accuracy of over 94p. Moreover, RTL was able to attain high performance levels even when the training dataset composed of as little as 30 Web sites. With the increased popularity of eHealth and Health 2.0, the results have important implications for online trust, security, and public safety.
Living in Silence: A Grounded Theory Study of Vulnerability in the Context of HIV Infection

Clients with HIV infection have been conceptualized as a vulnerable population. Although some researchers have examined vulnerability with clients with HIV infection, a theory of vulnerability in the context of HIV infection is non-existent. The purpose of this study was to describe, using qualitative methodology, the process by which vulnerability occurs in the context of HIV infection. Grounded theory methodology was used to sample and analyze data from 15 qualitative interviews of adults with HIV infection. Data were collected until data saturation was reached. A theory that describes the process by which vulnerability occurs in the context of HIV infection, Living in Silence, emerged from the data. Living in Silence consists of four categories: Confronting Mortality and Illness, Struggling with Change, Encountering a Lack of Psychosocial Support, and Experiencing Vulnerability. Clients living with HIV experience vulnerability. Nursing interventions to decrease the risks of vulnerability should be directed toward the holistic needs of clients and toward increasing psychosocial support.
Three-body resonances by complex scaling.

It is demonstrated that the complex scaling method can be used in practical calculations to localize three-body resonances. Our model example emphasizes the fact that in three-body systems several essentially different asymptotic behaviors can appear. We show that the possibility of these different asymptotic configurations can lead to an apparent, resonance-like structure in the three-body continuum.
A tribute to Stanislao Cannizzaro, chemical informationist and photochemist

Stanislao Cannizzaro is known widely for the Cannizzaro reaction, the "disproportionation" of benzaldehyde upon reaction with alkali, for his approach to teaching chemistry, "Sunto di un corso di filosofia chimica", which he presented at the Karlsruhe Congress of 1860, and for his work on the photochemistry of santonin. In Cannizzaro's laboratory two research associates, Giacomo Ciamician and Paul Silber, and a senior colleague, Emanuele Paterno, became acquainted with the basic methods of sunlight-inducd photochemistry.
Separation and characterization of hemagglutinins from chorioallantoic membranes of embryonated eggs infected with vaccinia virus

Abstract A process is described which separates two hemagglutinins from vaccinia-infected chorioallantoic membrane suspensions by centrifugation in a suspending medium of density 1.063. The properties of these hemagglutinins have been studied and the results indicate that one hemagglutinin is virus specific and the other hemagglutinin is a normal tissue agglutinin also present in uninfected membrane suspensions. Criteria are presented for the differentiation of the two hemagglutinins and for the determination of the virus specificity of one of the hemagglutinins.
Congenital anterior urethrocutaneous fistula associated with a stenosis of the bulbar urethra in the context of high anorectal malformation without fistula

Summary Congenital anterior urethrocutaneous fistulas are infrequent. We report a case of a congenital anterior urethrocutaneous fistula associated with a stenosis of the bulbar urethra in the context of a high anorectal malformation. We describe the surgical technique for the reconstruction of the urethra.
Novel ferrocenyl polyene derivatives and their binding to unmodified cyclodextrins

Two new ferrocene derivatives, 7-ferrocenyl-2,4,6-heptatrienal (1) and 7-ferrocenyl-2,4,6-heptatrienol (2), were synthesized and characterized. These two compounds possess a rigid triene chain conjugated to one of the cyclopentadienyl rings of the ferrocene residue, and as a result, they exhibit very stiff structures. The electronic absorption and electrochemical properties of these compounds were utilized to investigate their host−guest binding interactions with the receptors α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in aqueous solution. From electronic absorption measurements binding constants in the range 790−12900 M-1 were obtained; β-CD formed more stable complexes than α-CD with both guests. Electrochemical measurements suggest some degree of site selectivity in the complexation processes, with β-CD binding preferentially to the ferrocene moiety while α-CD interacts with the unsaturated chain.
Visual analysis for mutual fund performance

Mutual funds are one of the most important investment instruments available. However, choosing among mutual funds is not an easy task because they vary in many different dimensions, such as asset size, turnover and fee structure, and these characteristics may affect fund returns. It is thus important to understand the relation between fund performance and these properties. In this work, we use a new visual analytical tool, the density-based distribution map, to assist in this task. By visualizing various important fund characteristics from a real-world database of the US stock funds, our new visual representations greatly help understand the relation between fund characteristics and returns.
A neural network approach to elevated temperature creep–fatigue life prediction

Abstract A new approach using a back-propagation neural network for life prediction was developed and demonstrated for predicting the elevated temperature (0.7–0.8 Tm) creep–fatigue behavior of Ni-base alloy INCONEL 690. The neural network was trained with five extrinsic parameters, characterized via a 25–1 fractional factorial design methodology, and an intrinsic parameter (final grain size). The back-propagation network training error, prediction error and training time were minimized using a second fractional factorial design. Life prediction accuracy using only 11 training sets, few training iterations (
Period-doubling as a limit to pulsation of short-period population II Cepheid models

The short-period limiting pulsation found by Fadeyev and Fokin (1985) in a short-period, Population II Cepheid model is examined by means of the Baker-von Sengbush-Stellingwerf (BSS) algorithm of limit cycles.
Trees and ultrametric spaces: a categorical equivalence

Abstract There is a well-known correspondence between infinite trees and ultrametric spaces that comes from considering the end space of the tree. The correspondence is interpreted here as an equivalence between two categories, one of which encodes the geometry of trees at infinity and the other encodes the micro-geometry of complete ultrametric spaces.
Population and Politics in a Plural Society: The Changing Geography of Canada's Linguistic Groups

Abstract Population change is of fundamental significance to many human geographical phenomena, especially in culturally plural societies. This paper examines the role of population change as it reflects and shapes the political and cultural relations between French and English speakers in Canada. These two groups have inhabited the same country for more than 200 years but are concentrated in different regions. Presently, Canadians must decide whether Canada should grant greater authority to regional majorities–French speakers in Quebec and English speakers throughout the rest of Canada–or promote spatial intermingling and the preservation of linguistic minority populations. I argue that these questions are conditioned by the linguistic landscape and by the nature and direction of population change. The analysis demonstrates that linguistic affiliation determines one's propensity to remain within a region and guides the choice of destinations, resulting in linguistically differentiated migration fields. T...
Maternal pheromone: Discrimination by pre-weanling albino rats

Abstract Rat pups approach the odor emitted by a lactating female rat in preference to that of a non-lactating female. This preference is not displayed when olfactory cues are eliminated. The results indicate the existence of a maternal pheromone, which may function to synchronize the mother-young relationship during the latter stages of lactation.
Photon counting detectors for Fabry-Perot interferometers

Sealed channel plate photomultipliers with multiple discrete anodes for use as photon counting detectors in the image plane of Fabry-Perot interferometers are described. The influence of design and construction on performance of completed devices is discussed. Effects on spatial resolution, lifetime, and counting efficiency are described. It is shown that devices can be optimized for particular applications. The results should be generally applicable to resistive anode and wedge and strip anode types of sealed detectors.
THYMIC DYSPLASIA IN A CHILD WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is associated with abnormal antibody production. Recent evidence also suggests T cell dysfunction in this disorder. The patient described had ante- and post-mortem evidence of thymic dysplasia. A diagnosis of SLE was made in a 2 year old girl with clinical evidence of skin and joint involvement. Laboratory evidence included positive LE cells, high ANA titer, hypergammaglobulinemia and proteinuria. History of a severe reaction to smallpox vaccine suggested pre-existing T cell deficiency. Excellent control of the disease was achieved with prednisone and cyclophosphamide for 7 months when progressive central nervous involvement began. Death occurred 1 year after diagnosis. At autopsy the thymus was composed almost entirely of thymic epithelial cells. While depletion of lymphocytes and plasma cells may be explained by prolonged immunosuppressive therapy, the total absence of Hassall's corpuscles suggests thymic dysplasia. In this patient, there may be an abnormity of T cell modulation of B cell function resulting in formation of antibodies to non-foreign antigens.
Organolanthanide-Catalyzed Hydroamination. A Kinetic, Mechanistic, and Diastereoselectivity Study of the Cyclization of N-Unprotected Amino Olefins

This contribution reports the efficient, regiospecific Cp{sup {prime}}{sub 2}LnR (Cp{sup {prime}} = {eta}{sup 5}-Me{sub 5}C{sub 5};R = H, CH(TMS){sub 2}, {eta}{sup 3}-C{sub 3}H{sub 5}, N(TMS){sub 2}; Ln-La,Nd,Sm,Y,Lu)-catalyzed hydroamination/cyclization of the amino olefins H{sub 2}NCHR{sup 1}R{sup 2}CH=CH{sub 2} to yield heterocycles. Kinetic isotope effects are observed for some of the cyclizations. The complexes were synthesized to model species in the catalytic cycle. Two independent molecules crystallize per unit cell with average La-NHCH{sub 3} and La{le}NH{sub 2}CH{sub 3} bond distances of 2.31 (1) and 2.70 (1) {Angstrom}, respectively. The amine-amido complexes undergo rapid intramolecular proton transfer between some of the amine and amido ligands. Intermolecular exchange with free amine is rapid on the NMR time scale at -80 {degrees}C. The ordering of precatalyst activities accords with known olefin insertion reactivities. Diastereoselection in H{sub 2}NCH(CH{sub 3})(CH{sub 2}){sub 2}CH=CH{sub 2}(5) cyclization depends on both lanthanide and ancillary ligation. Mechanistic evidence suggests that olefin insertion into the Ln-N bond of the amine-amido complexes is turnover-limiting and is followed by a rapid protonolysis of the resulting Ln-C bond. The proposed catalytic mechanism invokes parallel manifolds, with one manifold populated at high amine concentrations exhibiting high diastereoselectivity in the cyclization of 5, and with the second, favoredmore » at low substrate concentrations, exhibiting lower diastereoselectivity. The catalyst at high amine concentrations is postulated to be a Ln(amido)(amine){sub 2} complex. 93 refs., 15 figs., 8 tabs.« less
Electronic transport and structural properties of electronically correlated CuV2S4

Abstract Electronic transport measurements and structural investigations were performed on the electronically correlated metal CuV2S4, which displays phase transitions at T=55 and 90 K . Apparently, a small degree of disorder in the material suppresses the phase transitions and has a distinct effect on the temperature dependent Hall constant. Pressure dependent electrical resistivity measurements were performed to study the evolution of the phase transitions as a function of pressure.
Microbial Safety of Tropical Fruits

There are approximately 140 million tons of over 3,000 types of tropical fruits produced annually worldwide. Tropical fruits, once unfamiliar and rare to the temperate market, are now gaining widespread acceptance. Tropical fruits are found in a variety of forms, including whole, fresh cut, dried, juice blends, frozen, pulp, and nectars in markets around the world. Documented outbreaks of foodborne disease associated with tropical fruits have occurred. Norovirus and Salmonella are the leading viral and bacterial pathogens, respectively, documented to have caused outbreaks of infections associated with consumption of tropical fruits. Sources of contamination of tropical fruit have been identified in the production environment and postharvest handling, primarily related to sanitation issues. Limited data exist on the specific route of transmission from these sources. Research on the microbial safety of tropical fruits is minimal; with the growing market for tropical fruit expected to increase by 33% in 2010 this research area needs to be addressed. The aim of this review is to discuss the foodborne pathogen outbreaks associated tropical fruit consumption, research previously completed on pathogen behavior on tropical fruits, preventive strategies for pathogen contamination, and research needs.
Convergence of periodic wavetrains in the limit of large wavelength

The Korteweg-de Vries equation was originally derived as a model for unidirectional propagation of water waves. This equation possesses a special class of traveling-wave solutions corresponding to surface solitary waves. It also has permanent-wave solutions which are periodic in space, the so-called cnoidal waves. A classical observation of Korteweg and de Vries was that the solitary wave is obtained as a certain limit of cnoidal wavetrains.
Design and evaluation of robust matched filters for chemical agent detection

Most chemical gas detection algorithms for hyperspectral imaging applications assume a gas with a perfectly known spectral signature. In practice, the chemical signature is either imperfectly measured and/or exhibits spectral variability due to temperature variations and Beer's law. The objective of this work is to explore robust matched filters that take the uncertainty and/or variability of the target signatures into account. We introduce various techniques that control the selectivity of the matched filter and we evaluate their performance in standoff LWIR hyperspectral chemical gas detection applications.
An HPF Compiler for the IBM SP2

We describe pHPF, an research prototype HPF compiler for the IBM SP series parallel machines. The compiler accepts as input Fortran 90 and Fortran 77 programs, augmented with HPF directives; sequential loops are automatically parallelized. The compiler supports symbolic analysis of expressions. This allows parameters such as the number of processors to be unknown at compile-time without significantly affecting performance. Communication schedules and computation guards are generated in a parameterized form at compile-time. Several novel optimizations and improved versions of well-known optimizations have been implemented in pHPF to exploit parallelism and reduce communication costs. These optimizations include elimination of redundant communication using data-availability analysis; using collective communication; new techniques for mapping scalar variables; coarse-grain wavefronting; and communication reduction in multi-dimensional shift communications. We present experimental results for some well-known benchmark routines. The results show the effectiveness of the compiler in generating efficient code for HPF programs.
Association of antisper antibodies with chronic nonbacterial priostatitis

Abstract Antisperm antibodies are significant in male factor infertility. The prevalence ofantisperm antibodies in the infertile population is approximately 10 percent, and it is not cost-effective to test for these antibodies in every male partner of an infertile marriage. Earlier studies have demonstrated a higher prevalence of antisperm antibodies among men with a history of bacterial prostatitis or urethritis. Because of this established association, we measured the prevalence of serum antisperm antibodies, using a gel agglutination assay, in 28 men with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis and in an age-matched control group of 69 men without a history of prostatitis. The prevalence was 25 percent (test subjects) and 7.2 percent (controls) (p
Learning to Read in First Grade: Developing Effective Programs in Urban Schools

Abstract This article describes the reading instructional program that first-graders in an urban school located in a large, Midwestern city received as a result of a grant initiative. Various assessments of the children's reading revealed some important areas for reading success were missing. As a result, suggestions were shared with the school staff to balance the first-grade reading curriculum. However, one confounding variable prevented the teachers’ ability to change their instruction.
Load balancing and quality of service constrained framework for Distributed Virtual Environments

Distributed Virtual Environments (DVE) have become increasingly popular over the last few years. Examples of DVEs are Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs), distributed interactive simulations, and shared virtual worlds. The service providers of DVEs need to ensure that certain Quality of Service (QoS) (messages delivered within a threshold delay) is guaranteed for the users participating in the DVE. In addition to ensuring QoS, the service providers want to balance the load on the servers that maintain the DVE. In this paper, we propose a framework for DVEs which provides QoS to the users and balances the load among the servers. Our framework uses the concept of a virtual server which is a piece of software that does the processing for the DVEs. Each region in the DVE is maintained by an overlay of virtual servers. We provide a heuristic that maps the virtual servers to physical servers, balances the load among the servers and ensures that the servers are not overloaded with objects. We also present a heuristic for creating a Degree and Diameter Bounded Multicast Tree of virtual servers for each region in the DVE which guarantees QoS for users in the DVE. We have conducted simulation experiments to evaluate the performance of our proposed framework.
Visualization of elastic vibrations in solid structures

Abstract Although the computation of vibrations in solid structures is routine, visualization of time-dependent vibrations within structures is a relatively undeveloped field. In this paper, visualization methods are applied to vibrations in underwater structures excited by continuous incident sound. Visualization provides a more explicit understanding and reveals features of the underlying elastic-wave behavior not previously known. In particular it is shown that the elastic-wave behavior is dominated by waves whose displacement moves along paths around a center of oscillation. Small-scale rotational waves in this type or turbules, are shown to occur even inside thin shells where their function is to change the direction of flexural displacement as the incident-wave excitation moves over the exterior of the structure. Computed results are presented for canonical shapes such as spheres, and spherical shells. It is expected that the features of elastic-wave behavior will be similar for more general body shapes and for other types of excitation. Visualization results are also presented for sound-power flow around and through a solid sphere. The principal application of the visualization of elastic vibrations is believed to be in noise and vibration control.
Some aspects of the organization of the thalamic reticular complex

Anatomical methods which depend upon the anterograde axonal transport of isotopically labeled neuronal proteins or the retrograde axonal transport of the enzyme. Horseradis peroxidase, have been used to elucidate the relationships between the reticular complex and the dorsal thalamus and cerebral cortex. Injections of tritiated amino acide in the dorsal thalamus or cerebrasl cortex in rate, cats and monkey, show that as the bundles of thalamo-cortical and cortico-thalamic fibers joining a paarticular dorsal thalamic nucleus to its associated area of the cerebral cortex traverse the reticular complex, they each give rise tp dense zone of terminals occupying a sector of reticular complex which is relatively constant for that dorsal thalamic nucleus and cortical area. However, because of the wide extent of the dendritic fields of the reticular cells and the degree of overlap between the sectors of the complex subtended by adjacent dorsal thalamic nuclei and adjacent cortical areas, it is likely that the reticular complex samples thalamo-cortical and cortico-thalamic activity in a somewhat unspecific manner. Fibers passing to the reticular complex from the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus appear to be associated with the projection from the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus appear to be associatied with the projection from the intralaminar nuclei to the striatu. Injections of tritiated amino acids in the reticular complex itself and injections of horseradish peroxidase in various other parts of the brain show that the only efferent pathway from thr reticular complex terminates in the nuclei of the dorsal thalamus. The reticdular complex does not appear to send fibers to other components of the ventral thalamus nor to the cerebral cortex.
Metal-Ion Sensing Fluorophores with Large Two-Photon Absorption Cross Sections: Aza-Crown Ether Substituted Donor-Acceptor-Donor Distyrylbenzenes

Chromophores based on a donor−acceptor−donor structure possessing a large two-photon absorption cross section and one or two mono-aza-15-crown-5 ether moieties, which can bind metal cations, have been synthesized. The influence of Mg2+ binding on their one- and two-photon spectroscopic properties has been investigated. Upon binding, the two-photon action cross sections at 810 nm decrease by a factor of up to 50 at high Mg2+ concentrations and this results in a large contrast in the two-photon excited fluorescence signal between the bound and unbound forms, for excitation in the range of 730 to 860 nm. Experimental and computational results indicate that there is a significant reduction of the electron donating strength of the aza-crown nitrogen atom(s) upon metal ion binding and that this leads to a blue shift in the position as well as a reduction in the strength of the lowest-energy two-photon absorption band. The molecules reported here can serve as models for the design of improved two-photon excitabl...
Cor pulmonale (pulmonary heart disease): present-day status.

Abstract In reviewing the present-day status of cor pulmonale, it is clear that considerable progress has been made in almost all instances of the disease. It is clearly a preventable form of heart disease in most cases and it is treatable and curable in its most common form, i.e., in COPD. One must agree with Petty, 64 that today we have effective means of caring for the majority of respiratory cripples. Therapy for lung disease now appears even to have reduced the expected rate of pulmonary function deterioration in some patients. Surely with improved gas exchange and early detection of respiratory insufficiency the outlook for patients with respiratory diseases leading to cor pulmonale is better today than it was 30 years ago. 65
On-Die Power Supply Noise Measurement Techniques

This paper presents techniques for characterizing wide-band on-chip power supply noise using only two on-chip low-throughput samplers. The properties of supply noise and their associated measurement techniques are reviewed to show how this can be achieved. An initial design of the samplers uses high-resolution VCO-based analog-to-digital converters, and experimental results from a test-chip verify the efficacy of the measurement techniques. To enable simple sampler designs to be used even in aggressively scaled process technologies, measurement systems based on dithered low-resolution samplers are also developed and experimentally characterized.
Mapping geological faults using image processing techniques applied to hill-shaded digital elevation models

Image processing techniques have previously been used to extract lineaments from aerial photographs and satellite images as a means for identifying linear surface traces of planar geologic structures such as faults and fractures. A major limitation of aerial photographs is their dependence on natural east-west solar illumination paths which highlight north-south linear features, perpendicular to the solar illumination. Hill-shaded digital elevation models (DEMs) are an alternative source for topographic imagery. The advantage of hill-shaded imagery is the freedom to select illumination from any angle. We present a procedure for extracting lineaments from hill-shaded DEMs and make comparisons of extracted lineaments to mapped faults from the Saline Range, California, and Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Results of these comparisons illustrate the effectiveness of extracting lineaments from hill-shaded DEMs.
The Surgical Pathology of Prosthetic Materials

Although implants and prosthetic materials are very commonly received in the surgical pathology laboratory, extracting the most information from them remains under the purview of specialized laboratories. Understanding the various issues involved with their failure will assist the proper management of patients. Additionally, the pathologist is frequently asked to identify possible implant-associated infection. Understanding the difficulties and problems of such a diagnosis will be helpful to the clinical team.
UPPER TRACT RECURRENCES FOLLOWING RADICAL CYSTECTOMY: AN ANALYSIS OF PROGNOSTIC FACTORS, RECURRENCE PATTERN AND STAGE AT PRESENTATION

Purpose: We study the incidence and pattern of upper tract recurrences following radical cystectomy for bladder cancer, and analyze the prognostic factors. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 529 patients who underwent radical cystectomy and urinary diversion at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between July 1989 and June 1997. Data related to upper tract recurrence were analyzed. Results: Of the 529 patients 16 (3%) had upper tract recurrence. Median followup was 16.9 months for the entire group and 49.1 months for patients with upper tract recurrence, with a median time to recurrence of 37.2 months. Of 12 upper tract recurrences 7 (58%) were locally advanced at surgery (p3a or greater with or without lymph node metastasis) and 5 of 16 patients with recurrence (31.3%) had bilateral tumors (2 synchronous and 3 metachronous). Overall survival from the time of diagnosis of upper tract recurrence after radical cystectomy was poor, with a median of 10 months (confidence interval 1 to 19). Conclusions: The incidence of upper tract recurrence following radical cystectomy is low (3%). However, the incidence of bilateral tumors (31.3%) and locally advanced stage at the time of operation (58%) is higher than expected for upper tract tumors in the general population. Survival of patients with upper tract recurrence is poor, with a median of 10 months.
Situating Social Influence Processes: Dynamic, Multidirectional Flows of Influence Within Social Networks:

Social psychologists have studied the psychological processes involved in persuasion, conformity, and other forms of social influence, but they have rarely modeled the ways influence processes play out when multiple sources and multiple targets of influence interact over time. However, workers in other fields from sociology and economics to cognitive science and physics have recognized the importance of social influence and have developed models of influence flow in populations and groups-generally without relying on detailed social psychological findings. This article reviews models of social influence from a number of fields, categorizing them using four conceptual dimensions to delineate the universe of possible models. The goal is to encourage interdisciplinary collaborations to build models that incorporate the detailed, microlevel understanding of influence processes derived from focused laboratory studies but contextualized in ways that recognize how multidirectional, dynamic influences are situated in people's social networks and relationships.
Neighborhoods on the Grassmannian of marginals with bounded isotropic constant

Abstract We show that for any isotropic log-concave probability measure μ on R n , for every e > 0 , every 1 ⩽ k ⩽ n and any E ∈ G n , k there exists F ∈ G n , k with d ( E , F ) e and L π F μ C / e .
Use of Torpedo-mouse hybrid acetylcholine receptors reveals immunodominance of the α subunit in myasthenia gravis antisera

The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR), a pentameric complex of alpha 2 beta gamma delta subunits, is the autoantigen in the human autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis (MG). Anti-AChR antibodies are found in approximately 90% of MG patients and using indirect methods (competitive binding to solubilized AChR), peptides, or synthetic peptides, the majority of these antibodies have been shown to bind to the AChR alpha subunit. In order to determine directly the AChR subunit specificities of MG antibodies, we employed as antigens a novel set of hybrid AChR composed of species cross-reacting and non-cross-reacting subunits stably expressed in fibroblasts. Sequence similarities of homologous subunits among species can vary widely, with mammalian subunits having 87%-96% identity and Torpedo-mammalian subunits having 54%-80% identity. These findings are reflected in antigenic specificities, with human anti-AChR antisera frequently recognizing mouse AChR but rarely recognizing Torpedo. By establishing separate cell lines stably expressing all-Torpedo, all-mouse, and different combinations of Torpedo and mouse subunits, we were able to provide the first direct evidence of a predominant anti-alpha subunit specificity in MG antisera. Functional hybrid AChR stably expressed in an intact cell membrane provide us with a system that best mimics the in vivo environment of the MG antibody in a binding assay. Such a system allows us to investigate a perplexing observation in the field: a poor correlation between the patient's clinical status and antibody titer. Those antibodies which can interfere with AChR function, such as ones with the ability to cross-link AChR and induce their accelerated internalization and degradation (antigenic modulation) might represent a subpopulation of MG antibodies important in disease induction or maintenance. In this report, we demonstrate that wild-type and hybrid AChR expressed in fibroblasts can be antigenically modulated by intermolecular cross-linking antibodies as AChR are in native muscle cells. Because we can monitor dynamic interactions between AChR and MG antibodies, this system may allow us to define crucial pathogenic epitopes in MG by expressing hybrid, chimeric, and mutant AChR.
Postoperative vestibular dysfunction following head and neck surgery.

Patients scheduled for major oncologic head and neck surgery underwent preoperative audiometry and rotational testing for vestibulo-ocular response (VOR). Patients with normal preoperative VOR and SRT less than 45 dB were subsequently retested following surgery for VOR. Patients deemed abnormal on postoperative rotational testing were retested until VOR returned to normal or one year, whichever came first. Eighty patients had normal VOR measured preoperatively. At the first postoperative testing 46 of these patients (58%) were determined to have significant VOR abnormalities. No differences in length of anesthesia, use of hypnotic or narcotic drugs, hepatic and renal abnormalities, and dehydration were noted in the patients who developed abnormal VOR, when compared to the patients who maintained normal VOR. One year post surgery twenty patients (43 %) continued to demonstrate vestibular abnormality. The observation that major surgery reduces vestibular response has important monitoring and treatment impli...
URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN PREGNANCY

Urinary tract infections occur commonly in pregnancy. Bacterial colonization may occur in the lower and upper urinary tract, and is facilitated by the normal physiologic changes of pregnancy. Asymptomatic bacteriuria, cystitis, and pyelonephritis each pose a serious threat to the mother and fetus. Optimal treatment regimens and preventative strategies continue to be investigated.
Marketing And The Rise Of Web 2.0: Expanding Opportunity, Increasing Challenge

As the Internet has become an increasingly central element of daily life, marketers have scrambled to adapt their methods to this new medium. While early online marketing efforts consisted primarily of repackaged print materials, the rise of Web 2.0 sites with their increasingly interactive experiences has forced marketers to broaden their offerings in order to remain relevant. This analysis considers the broad dimensions of the new online marketing landscape. It assesses the major Web 2.0 sites and evaluates their current scope and reach, concluding that firms utilizing Web 2.0 tools for marketing purposes must insure consistency across their various sites, invest adequate resources to provide prompt service, and recognize that customer expectations for such service will continue to rise for the foreseeable future.
Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis and Treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Older Adults: A Review of the Evidence and its Implications for Clinical Care

Although previously considered a disorder of childhood, studies in the last decade have demonstrated that attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) continues to impair function into adulthood and responds to pharmacotherapy. Due to age-specific changes in roles and challenges, it is possible that presentation and response to intervention may differ between older and younger adults. A literature search for papers that identified older adults with ADHD, including papers describing its epidemiology, manifestation, and treatment, was the basis for this paper. There is a paucity of data on ADHD in older adults; however, small observational studies have characterized the presence, impact, and treatment of ADHD in adults over the age of 50 years, and larger epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that ADHD symptoms exist in older adulthood. Optimal criteria for diagnosis of ADHD and methods of treating ADHD in older individuals have not been systematically explored. In light of the limited data, this review discusses considerations for differential diagnosis and safe pharmacotherapy of ADHD in older adults.
Applied nursing informatics research-state-of-the-art methodologies using electronic health record data

With the pervasive implementation of electronic health records (EHR), new opportunities arise for nursing research through use of EHR data. Increasingly, comparative effectiveness research within and across health systems is conducted to identify the impact of nursing for improving health, health care, and lowering costs of care. Use of EHR data for this type of research requires use of national and internationally recognized nursing terminologies to normalize data. Research methods are evolving as large data sets become available through EHRs. Little is known about the types of research and analytic methods for applied to nursing research using EHR data normalized with nursing terminologies. The purpose of this paper is to report on a subset of a systematic review of peer reviewed studies related to applied nursing informatics research involving EHR data using standardized nursing terminologies.
Correlation of Postoperative Position of the Sesamoids After Chevron Osteotomy With Outcome.

Background:Postoperative incomplete reduction of the sesamoids has been identified as a potential risk factor for hallux valgus recurrence after proximal osteotomy. However, it is not known whether...
Genus Arctomelon (Gastropoda, Volutidae) in the Tertiary of the northwestern Pacific; evolution and adaptations

The fossil record of the volutid gastropod Arctomelon is represented by three species from the Koryak Upland and the Kamchatka Peninsula (Russian northeast), ranging in age from late middle Eocene to early Miocene. Although Recent Arctomelon stearnsii (Dall, 1872) from the northeastern Pacific is a cold-water species, paleontological data point to the origin of the genus in shallow, warm-water conditions that existed in high latitudes of the northwestern Pacific during Paleogene time. The fossil record also indicates survival of the genus during the climatic coolings through the Cenozoic. It is apparent that Arctomelon successfully adapted to the new cooler and deeper-water conditions. Despite this major change of life habit, shell morphology has remained fairly unchanged since the Eocene. Two new species of the genus Arctomelon, A. harasewychi sp. nov. and A. rateginense sp. nov., are described.
Large-scale KrF systems for inertial confinement fusion based on Aurora experience

The ultimate amplifier in the Aurora system was originally conceived as a stackable module suitable for construction of much larger systems.1,2 The name habitually used to describe it, large aperture module (LAM), Is derived from this concept. The principal initial objective of what is now named Aurora was to test the viability of this module and obtain working experience with it. Although it is no longer clear that this is the largest feasible amplifier size,3 or even that a large amplifier size is advantageous,4 it is still true that the working experience gained in Aurora creates a special place for this particular module size. Any alternate proposal for a midterm construction project must promise a considerable improvement to justify the delay required to develop a similar basis of experience.
Metabolism of Systox in the White Mouse and American Cockroach

The systemic insecticide Systox is a mixture of two isomers the thiono isomer, O,O -diethyl O -ethyl-2-mercaptoethyl phosphorothionate (thionophosphate), and the thiol isomer, O,O -diethyl S -ethyl-2-mercaptoethyl phosphorothiolate (thiolphosphate) (Schrader 1952, Gardner & Heath 1953, Henglein et al . 1954, Fukuto & Metcalf 1954). These isomers have been shown to produce the typical symptoms of anticholinesterase agents in mammals and insects and to be potent inhibitors of cholinesterase in vivo and in vitro (Schrader 1952, Du Bois & Coon 1952, Wirth 1953, Heath et al. 1953, Metcalf et al. 1955a). Almost no information has been published, however, on the metabolism and fate of these compounds in animals. Such information is necessary to complete the knowledge of their toxicology and mode of action, and in addition must be considered in order to interpret the toxicology of their residues in plants intelligently. The following studies were therefore undertaken concurrently with others on the mode of action and metabolism and fate of these compounds in plants, and on their chemistry and toxicology (Metcalf et al. 1954b and 1955, and Fukuto et al. 1955), in order to evaluate these factors in a mammal, the white mouse, and in an insect, the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.).
Photonic Crystal Nanobeam Cavities for Reconfigurable Nanophotonics and Cavity QED

Ultra-high-Q photonic crystal nanobeams cavities (Q~106) will be presented. Realization of reconfigurable optical filters that can be dynamically and reversibly tuned via electrostatic force, using coupled nanobeams, will be discussed. Tuning range of ~10nm was achieved in such system with less than 6V of external bias, and negligible steady-state power consumption. Article not available.
Donor derived transmission events in the us: a case-based discussion

Donor-derived disease transmission is increasingly recognised as a source of morbidity and mortality among transplant recipients. OPTN Policy 4.0 requires reporting of donor-derived events. In 2009, there were 135 reports of potential donorderived transmission events: 36 reports related to malignancy, 85 reports related to infection, and four reports related to ‘other diseases’. The epidemiology and trends of disease transmission since 2005, when mandatory reporting was initiated in the US, will be discussed as well as lessons learned that may result in a lower risk of donor-derived disease transmission.