cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiology Of Electrical Burn Injury An Analysis Of Tissue Impedance Alterations

Electrical burns were produced in anesthetized dogs to study evolution of tissue changes, compared with impedance alterations. Following 1 A, 60 Hz currents, animals were monitored from 1 to 4 days. Muscle impedance was measured at different frequencies to quantify tissue trauma. 31P NMR spectroscopy was used to assess metabolic activity, and results compared to impedance measurements. Changes in muscle impedance was measured and corresponds to decreased metabolic activity and cell lysis. Reduction in impedance magnitude and increases in phase angle were observed with tissue trauma. Measurement of impedance may be a valuable adjunct in the evaluation of electrical burns, since large changes suggest non-viability.
Optimization of Costs Versus Radiation Exposures in Decommissioning

When considering decommissioning activities, it is desirable to achieve a balance between the cost of doing the work and the cost of minimizing the radiation dose to the workers. Ideally, one would like to minimize both of these costs, but, unfortunately, the conditions for achieving these minima rarely coincide in practice. One must make trade-offs to hold both costs and radiation doses to reasonable limits. In this paper I will discuss the opportunities available during a reference light water reactor’s (LWR) lifetime to optimize its eventual decomissioning. I will present an optimization methodology that could easily be applied to other decommissioning projects, regardless of size. For each specific phase of the reactor’s life cycle, different considerations and alternatives are used to formulate an empirical methodology to optimize costs and reduce occupational radiation exposure. This methodology, when fully developed, could be used as the data base for the Master Decommissioning Plan (MDP) of the power plant, which ultimately will guide the actual decommissioning.
Local Optical Operators for Subpixel Scene Analysis

In this paper we present a scene analysis technique with subpixel filtering based on dense coded light fields. Our technique computes alignment and optically projects analysis filters to local surfaces within the extent of a camera pixel. The resolution gain depends on the local light field density not on the point spread function of the camera optics. Abstract An initial structured light sequence is used in establishing each camera pixel's footprint in the projector generated light field. Then a sequence of basis functions embedded in the light field, with camera pixel support, combine with the local surface texture and are integrated by a camera sensor to produce a localized response at the subpixel scale. We address optical modeling and aliasing issues since the dense light field is under sampled by the camera pixels. Results are provided with objects of planar and non-planar topology.
Recent Research on Classroom Management: Implications for Teacher Education

Few problems associated with teaching receive more attention than classroom management and discipline. In particular, many critics of teacher education claim that the preservice curriculum does not adequately stress the requisite concepts and skills needed for helping prospective teachers prevent and deal with the discipline problems evidenced in classrooms. In this article, Doyle synthesizes the research on classroom management and suggests possible directions for revising preparation experiences to accommodate an emerging knowledge base.
The Making of Gratian's Decretum : HERESY AND EXCOMMUNICATION: CAUSA 24

The first test case is Causa 24. The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate that a close reading of this causa supports the thesis that the text of the manuscripts Aa and Fd is a first recension of Gratian's Decretum (the incomplete Bc P and Pfr do not contain C. 24). This demonstration follows two lines, showing that the text of Aa and Fd presents a coherent and complete argument, and that the two recensions used different sets of sources. Causa 24 is the second of the causae hereticorum , so called since the author of the second recension at C. 7, q. I, d. p. c. 48 refers to C. 23 with the words “in prima causa hereticorum.” Both Causae 23 and 24 are concerned with the treatment of heretics and the latter with the mechanics of excommunication (and reconciliation) in particular. In the second recension, C. 24 contains eighty-eight canons (and one palea ), thirty-nine of which are (wholly or, in three cases, in part) present already in the first recension. The causa is, thus, of a reasonable size in the first recension and there are substantial additions in the second recension. Both circumstances make it a suitable test case.
Importance of the biospy date in autologous endometrial cocultures for patients with multiple implantation failures

Abstract Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of autologous endometrial coculture by the cycle day of the endometrial biopsy. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: University-based IVF center. Patient(s): Two hundred eight patients with multiple IVF failures. Intervention(s): Embryos were split and randomly allocated to growth on autologous endometrial coculture or conventional media. Main Outcome Measure(s): Embryo quality and pregnancy outcome. Result(s): The overall clinical pregnancy rate was 41.8%. Embryos grown on autologous endometrial coculture were of higher quality (more blastomeres and less fragmentation) than embryos grown with conventional media. Early luteal biopsies ( P =.012). Conclusion(s): We have demonstrated an improvement in embryo quality when using autologous endometrial coculture. The improvement in embryo quality and higher pregnancy rates were limited to biopsies ≥5 days after the LH surge. This suggests that mid/late luteal phase endometrium contains factors that enhanced embryo growth and subsequent implantation.
Preoperative Risk Stratification Reduces the Incidence of Perioperative Complications After Total Knee Arthroplasty

The purpose of this study was to validate a screening and management protocol to identify and reduce risk of renal, pulmonary, and delirium complications. A cohort study comparing incidence of perioperative complications on a consecutive series of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty with a historical control group was conducted. The study cohort was evaluated prospectively to identify and reduce noncardiac medical complications. Medical records were reviewed for in-hospital complications. There were 623 patients in the study cohort and 493 patients in the control population. There was a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of delirium (control, 10.4% vs study, 0.8%; P = .0001), renal (4.9% vs 0.6%, P = .0001), cardiac (16.3% vs 2.1%, P = .0001), and pulmonary complications (5.7% vs 0.8%, P = .0001) in the screened patients vs control. Preoperative screening and management for medical complications resulted in a significant decrease in renal, pulmonary, delirium, and cardiac complications.
Can the Adoption of Desalination Technology Lead to Aquifer Preservation? A Case Study of a Sociotechnical Water System in Baja California Sur, Mexico

There is growing concern about the sustainability of groundwater supplies worldwide. In many regions, desalination—the conversion of saline water to freshwater—is viewed as a way to increase water supplies and reduce pressure on overdrawn aquifers. Using data from reports, articles, interviews, a survey, and a focus group, this paper examines if, and how, the adoption of desalination technology can lead to aquifer preservation in Baja California Sur (BCS), Mexico. The paper outlines existing institutional arrangements (i.e., laws, rules, norms, or organizations) surrounding desalination in BCS and concludes that there are currently no effective mechanisms to ensure aquifer preservation. Four mechanisms that could be implemented to improve groundwater management are identified, including: 1) integrated water-and land-use planning; 2) creation of an institute responsible for coordinated and consistent planning; 3) improved groundwater monitoring; and 4) implementation of water conservation measures prior to the adoption of desalination technology. This paper concludes that viewing water technologies, including desalination, as sociotechnical systems—i.e., a set of technological components that are embedded in complex social, political, and economic contexts—has the potential to create a more sustainable human–environment–technology relationship. By assessing desalination technology as a sociotechnical system, this study highlights the need to focus on institutional development and capacity building, especially within local water utilities and urban planning agencies.
Quantitative analysis of mammalian translation initiation sites by FACS-seq.

An approach combining fluorescence-activated cell sorting and high-throughput DNA sequencing (FACS-seq) was employed to determine the efficiency of start codon recognition for all possible translation initiation sites (TIS) utilizing AUG start codons. Using FACS-seq, we measured translation from a genetic reporter library representing all 65,536 possible TIS sequences spanning the −6 to +5 positions. We found that the motif RYMRMVAUGGC enhanced start codon recognition and translation efficiency. However, dinucleotide interactions, which cannot be conveyed by a single motif, were also important for modeling TIS efficiency. Our dataset combined with modeling allowed us to predict genome-wide translation initiation efficiency for all mRNA transcripts. Additionally, we screened somatic TIS mutations associated with tumorigenesis to identify candidate driver mutations consistent with known tumor expression patterns. Finally, we implemented a quantitative leaky scanning model to predict alternative initiation sites that produce truncated protein isoforms and compared predictions with ribosome footprint profiling data. The comprehensive analysis of the TIS sequence space enables quantitative predictions of translation initiation based on genome sequence.
Critical Evaluation of Extended Kalman Filtering and Moving-Horizon Estimation

The goal of state estimation is to reconstruct the state of a system from process measurements and a model. State estimators for most physical processes often must address many different challenges, including nonlinear dynamics, states subject to hard constraints (e.g. nonnegative concentrations), and local optima. In this article, we compare the performance of two such estimators: the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and moving horizon estimation (MHE). We illustrate conditions that lead to estimation failure in the EKF when there is no plant-model mismatch and demonstrate such failure via several simple examples. We then examine the role that constraints, the arrival cost, and the type of optimization (global versus local) play in determining how MHE performs on these examples. In each example, the two estimators are given exactly the same information, namely tuning parameters, model, and measurements; yet MHE consistently provides improved state estimation and greater robustness to both poor guesses of the initial state and tuning parameters in comparison to the EKF.
Statistical considerations for digital approaches to non-invasive fetal genotyping

Motivation: A growing body of literature has demonstrated the potential for non-invasive diagnosis of a variety of human genetic diseases using cell-free DNA extracted from maternal plasma samples in early gestation. Such methods are of great significance to the obstetrics community because of their potential use as clinical standard of care. Proof of concept for such approaches has been established for aneuploidy and paternally inherited dominant traits. Although significant progress has recently been made, the non-invasive diagnosis of monogenic diseases that segregate in a recessive mendelian fashion is more problematic. Recent developments in microfluidic digital PCR and DNA sequencing have resulted in a number of recent advances in this field. These have largely, although not exclusively, been used for the development of diagnostic methods for aneuploidy. However, given their prevalence, it is likely that such methods will be utilized towards the development of non-invasive methods for diagnosing monogenetic disorders. Results: With this in mind, we have undertaken a statistical modeling of three contemporary (digital) analytical methods in the context of prenatal diagnosis using cell free DNA for monogenic diseases that segregate in a recessive mendelian fashion. We provide an experimental framework for the future development of diagnostic methods in this context that should be considered when designing molecular assays that seek to establish proof of concept in this field. Contact: dgp6@pitt.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Exposure of Rats to Ethanol from Postnatal Days 4 to 8: Alterations of Cholinergic Neurochemistry in the Hippocampus and Cerebellum at Day 20

Brief neonatal ethanol exposure (3.0 g/kg/dose, twice daily; postnatal day (PN) 4 to PN8) resulted in cholinergic neurochemical alterations in the cerebellum, but not the hippocampus of rats assayed on PN20. Analysis revealed that the binding affinity of cerebellar muscarinic receptors for [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate was decreased by ethanol, but only in female pups. Other gender-specific but treatment-independent cerebellar differences were identified as well, including lower levels of choline acetyltransferase activity and St-level (1,000 × g) crude protein in males and females, respectively. No evidence of ethanol-induced cholinergic change was noted in the hippocampus of the same pups on PN20. However, collapsed across treatment, male hippocampi were found to contain less S1-level protein than their female counterparts. Neither muscarinic receptor density nor acetyl cholinesterase activity were found to differ between treatments or genders, in either brain region. Consistent with the developmental timetables for regional cholinergic synaptogenesis in the rat, observations on PN20 confirm a hypothesis of cerebellar cholinergic vulnerability and hippocampal cholinergic resilience to neonatal ethanol insult.
Cellular, synaptic and network effects of neuromodulation

All network dynamics emerge from the complex interaction between the intrinsic membrane properties of network neurons and their synaptic connections. Nervous systems contain numerous amines and neuropeptides that function to both modulate the strength of synaptic connections and the intrinsic properties of network neurons. Consequently network dynamics can be tuned and configured in different ways, as a function of the actions of neuromodulators. General principles of the organization of modulatory systems in nervous systems include: (a) many neurons and networks are multiply modulated, (b) there is extensive convergence and divergence in modulator action, and (c) some modulators may be released extrinsically to the modulated circuit, while others may be released by some of the circuit neurons themselves, and act intrinsically. Some of the computational consequences of these features of modulator action are discussed.
Extend Distance Treatment for Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy of Lung Cancer

Purpose: We investigate a delivery method in stereotactic body radiation therapy using an Extend Distance Source to Virtual Axis (EDSVA) method. This approach significantly expands the range of beam angles and improves the target confomality and the normal tissue avoidance.
Effect of Laboratory Batch Steeping pH on Starch Yield and Pasting Properties of Selected Corn Hybrids

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effect of initial pH on percent of starch yield and pasting characteristics for a laboratory wet-milling procedure. Four commercial hybrids, selected because they have significantly different starch yield values, were laboratory wet-milled, and the pasting properties of the starch fractions were evaluated using a Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA). Percent starch yield (db) decreased when initial pH values were >4.0 but was unaffected by any lower initial pH values. The pasting properties of some of the selected hybrids were more sensitive to steepwater pH than others. There was an overall increase in peak, trough, and final viscosity as pH increased.
The growth of competing microbial populations in a CSTR with periodically varying inputs

The operation of a periodically forced chemostat (CSTR) in which two microbial populations compete for the same nutrient has been examined. Easily implemented criteria for the stability of the resulting cycles have been obtained, using the Floquet stability theory. After examining several possibilities it was found that stable periodic trajectories of coexistence can be achieved: (a) when the dilution rate of the chemostat is properly varied in a periodic manner between two values so chosen that the growth of one population is favored by the first and the growth of the other population is favored by the second, (b) when a certain percentage of biomass and growing medium is harvested periodically from the chemostat, and (c) when both the dilution rate and the concentration of the substrate in the feed are varied simultaneously and in a periodic manner.
How well does net income measure firm performance? A discussion of two studies

Abstract The papers by Dhaliwal, Subramanyam and Trezevant (1998) and Vincent (1998) both examine whether stock returns are more highly associated with net income or an alternative measure of firm performance in contexts that are of some current interest to accounting regulators. However, since neither paper does a very good job of motivating their basic economic questions, we are left with results that are not all that interesting or surprising. Both papers would have benefited greatly from a clearer delineation of the economic rationale for their tests and predictions.
Intra-Cranial Lesions in a Patient with Hodgkin Lymphoma

Central nervous system (CNS) lesions in newly diagnosed, advanced Hodgkin's disease (HD) commonly suggest intracranial involvement with HD. However, occasionally this could be the result of a CNS infection. We report a case of concurrent CNS tuberculosis in a patient with stage III E HD the first reported in the English literature. Management of this case and the literature pertaining to infectious complications of HD are reviewed.
Automated extraction of security policies from natural-language software documents

Access Control Policies (ACP) specify which principals such as users have access to which resources. Ensuring the correctness and consistency of ACPs is crucial to prevent security vulnerabilities. However, in practice, ACPs are commonly written in Natural Language (NL) and buried in large documents such as requirements documents, not amenable for automated techniques to check for correctness and consistency. It is tedious to manually extract ACPs from these NL documents and validate NL functional requirements such as use cases against ACPs for detecting inconsistencies. To address these issues, we propose an approach, called Text2Policy, to automatically extract ACPs from NL software documents and resource-access information from NL scenario-based functional requirements. We conducted three evaluations on the collected ACP sentences from publicly available sources along with use cases from both open source and proprietary projects. The results show that Text2Policy effectively identifies ACP sentences with the precision of 88.7% and the recall of 89.4%, extracts ACP rules with the accuracy of 86.3%, and extracts action steps with the accuracy of 81.9%.
Privacy Preserving Biometrics-Based and User Centric Authentication Protocol

We propose a privacy preserving biometrics-based authentication protocol by which users can authenticate to different service providers from their own devices without involving identity providers in the transactions. Authentication is performed through a zero-knowledge proof of knowledge protocol which is based on a cryptographic identity token created using the unique, repeatable and revocable biometric identifier of the user and a secret provided by the user which enables two-factor authentication as well. Our approach for generating biometric identifiers from the user’s biometric image is based on the support vector machine classification technique in conjunction with a mechanism for feature extraction from the biometric image. The paper includes experimental results on a dataset of iris images and a security and privacy analysis of the protocol.
Risk and Reliability in Predicting Droughts: The Use of Prehistoric Tree-Ring Data

The climate variability scenarios of greatest interest to water resource managers are those of extreme high or low streamflows. Our study focused on low streamflow events in the Colorado River Basin. Drought analyses based on tree-ring reconstructed streamflows dating back to the year 1520 were compared with more recent data from the historical record. The analysis suggests that a repeat of the low streamflow hydrologic periods 1520–1599 or 1600–1679, both of which contained severe drought events, would have significant impacts on water availability and shortage allocations, particularly in the Lower Basin. For the thirty-year planning horizon considered, Lower Basin average shortages were on the order of 1.45 million acre-feet (maf) by the year 2020. These tree-ring reconstructed streamflows -- based on actual, prehistoric climatic events -- evidenced shortages far more severe than those in the recent historical record, suggesting that there are risks involved in relying on the historical record for prediction.
Learning from Africa's herbivores

Earth's animals are downsizing. Since the end of the last ice age about 12,000 years ago, the largest animals on the planet have been hit disproportionately hard by what may have been the beginnings of the sixth mass extinction ( 1 ). We are only just beginning to appreciate the ecological impacts of this “trophic downgrading” ( 2 ): Both modern and paleoecological analyses are providing growing evidence that the extinction of Earth's largest animals has cascading ecological impacts across the globe ( 3 ). On page 1056 of this issue, Hempson et al. ( 4 ) provide a new tool for elucidating the ecological role of large herbivores at continental scales.
Inbreeding depression and the cost of inbreeding on seed germination

We review the literature on effects of inbreeding depression (ID) on seed germination for 743 case studies of 233 species in 64 families. For 216 case studies, we also review the relationship between mass and germination in inbred vs. outbred seeds. Inbred seeds germinated equally well as outbred seeds in 51.1% of 743 case studies, but better than outbred seeds in only 8.1%. In c. 50.5% of 216 cases, mass of inbred seeds was equal to (38.0%) or larger than (12.5%) that of outbred seeds. The magnitude of ID spans most of the − 1 to +1 range for relative performance for germination of inbred vs. outbred seeds; in contrast to what might be expected, seed germinability often is not negatively correlated with the coefficient of inbreeding (F) or positively corrected with population genetic diversity; neither heterosis nor outbreeding depression for germination is common in crosses between populations; and ID in most endemics is low and does not differ from that of widespread congeners. Our results on the effects of ID on seed mass and germination do not agree with the limited number of comparisons Darwin (1876) made on the effects of selfing vs. outcrossing on these two life-history traits. Recommendations are made on how to improve dormancy breaking and germination procedures in order to make the results of studies on ID more relevant to the natural world.
Electric Dipole Ground-State Transition Width Strength Function and 7-Mev Photon Interactions

Formulas are given which describe some significant effects that a Porter-Thomas distribution of ground-state transition widths would have on the interpretation of the nuclear interaction of photons which reach closely spaced, but separated energy levels. When these formulas are used to reinterpret existing data, the parameters implied by photon interaction become consistent with those resulting from neutron capture data.These compatible parameters are further shown to be consistent with a crude generalized extrapolation of the giant dipole resonance. At energies near 7 Mev, the average photon absorption cross section can be written approximately as $〈{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{a}〉=5.2$ mb ${(\frac{E}{7}\mathrm{Mev})}^{3}$ ${(\frac{A}{100})}^{\frac{8}{3}}$. This extrapolation also implies a ground-state transition width strength function which does not have the ${E}^{2}{A}^{\frac{2}{3}}$ dependence usually used because of single-particle model predictions. Near 7 Mev, $\frac{〈{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{0}〉}{D}=2.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ ${(\frac{E}{7} \mathrm{Mev})}^{5}$ ${(\frac{A}{100})}^{\frac{8}{3}}$; below 3 Mev, $\frac{〈{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{0}〉}{D}=6.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}9} {(\frac{E}{1}\mathrm{Mev})}^{4} {(\frac{A}{100})}^{\frac{7}{3}}$. These estimates, while subject to refinements, are in better accord with experiments than are the more popular single-particle estimates.
Found Out and Opting Out The Consequences of Online Criminal Records for Families

Online criminal histories document and publicize even minor brushes with the law and represent people who may not even be guilty of any crime. This has dramatically changed the relationship that millions of Americans have with the criminal justice system and may affect their social and private lives. Drawing on interviews and fieldwork with people attempting to expunge and legally seal their criminal records, I explore how online versions of these records impact family relationships. Many who appear on mug shot and criminal history websites are arrestees who are never formally charged or convicted of a crime. The indiscriminate posting of all types of justice contact on websites may impact those who, for the most part, desist from crime and are core contributors to their family and community. I find that many of those who are affected by the stigma of online records did not know that records existed until they “popped up” unexpectedly, and that this experience leads them to self-select out of family dutie...
Folate/Folic Acid Knowledge, Intake, and Self-Efficacy of College-Aged Women: Impact of Text Messaging and Availability of a Folic Acid-Containing Supplement.

ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate the impact of educational text messages (TMs) on folate/folic acid knowledge and consumption among college-aged women, and to evaluate the impact of providing folic acid supplements on folate/folic acid intake among college-aged women. Participants: A total of 162 women (18–24 years) recruited from a university. Methods: The protocol included 3 study visits and a 6-week intervention for 4 groups: control; TM only; supplement only; and TM+supplement. Supplement groups received folic acid–containing supplements. TM groups received 18 folate-related TMs. Participants completed knowledge quizzes, supplement intake questions, a self-efficacy scale, and dietary recalls. Results: Despite receiving the same folic acid education, intake of folic acid and total folate was greater in the supplement groups compared with the non-supplement groups at mid- and post-study. TMs had no impact on any study measure. Conclusion: Provision of a folic acid–containing supplement enhanced short-term...
Commissioning and operation of the horizontal test apparatus at SNS

The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Lab (ORNL) has built, commissioned and operated a Horizontal Test Apparatus (HTA) vessel in the Radiofrequency Test Facility (RFTF) test cave. It can be operated at 4.5 K using the independent Cryogenic Test Facility (CTF). The HTA is designed to be a single cavity version of an SNS cryomodule with the ability to demount and replace the cavity. It provides the functionality for testing a single dressed SNS medium or high beta Superconducting Radiofrequency (SRF) cavity. The HTA is currently being used in support of R&D for in-situ plasma processing of the cavity's inner niobium surface. The design and commissioning of the HTA at 4.5 K will be presented as well as results from operating the HTA including cool-down, warm-up and steady state operations. Results from plasma processing a warm SCRF cavity in-between cold HTA tests will also be reported.
Accounting for reciprocal host–microbiome interactions in experimental science

Mammals are defined by their metagenome, a combination of host and microbiome genes. This knowledge presents opportunities to further basic biology with translation to human diseases. However, the now-documented influence of the metagenome on experimental results and the reproducibility of in vivo mammalian models present new challenges. Here we provide the scientific basis for calling on all investigators, editors and funding agencies to embrace changes that will enhance reproducible and interpretable experiments by accounting for metagenomic effects. Implementation of new reporting and experimental design principles will improve experimental work, speed discovery and translation, and properly use substantial investments in biomedical research.
Photodissociation dynamics of the methyl perthiyl radical at 248 and 193 nm using fast-beam photofragment translational spectroscopy.

The photodissociation dynamics of the methyl perthiyl radical (CH3SS) have been investigated using fast-beam coincidence translational spectroscopy. Methyl perthiyl radicals were produced by photodetachment of the CH3SS− anion followed by photodissociation at 248 nm (5.0 eV) and 193 nm (6.4 eV). Photofragment mass distributions and translational energy distributions were measured at each dissociation wavelength. Experimental results show S atom loss as the dominant (96%) dissociation channel at 248 nm with a near parallel, anisotropic angular distribution and translational energy peaking near the maximal energy available to ground state CH3S and S fragments, indicating that the dissociation occurs along a repulsive excited state. At 193 nm, S atom loss remains the major fragmentation channel, although S2 loss becomes more competitive and constitutes 32% of the fragmentation. The translational energy distributions for both channels are very broad at this wavelength, suggesting the formation of the S2 and S atom products in several excited electronic states.
Horizontal Gene Transfer in Bacteriophages

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in bacteriophages. HGT in bacteriophages was demonstrated in 1959. Horizontal gene exchange is seen in some non-essential genes of coliphage P2. Several of these genes have an AT content of 67%, in contrast to the essential genes of P2, whose AT content is about 50%. Three of these non-essential genes with high AT content protect lysogenic cells from attack by heterologous phages thus, providing a selective advantage to the lysogenized host bacterium. The AT content of these non-essential genes argues for their acquisition by horizontal transfer from a bacterium whose DNA has a high AT content. These P2 non-essential genes must have been acquired relatively recently, because the related phage 186 does not have them. These properties, taken together, may enhance the role of homologous recombination in HGT during the evolution of the T-even phages.
Beautiful Ideas and the Scientific Enterprise: Sources of Intellectual Vitality in Research on Eudaimonic Well-Being

This chapter examines a model of eudaimonic well-being (Ryff CD, J Personal Soc Psychol 57(6):1069–1081, 1989) that was built on points of convergence in multiple conceptions of optimal human functioning. Together, these perspectives are shown to be in the spirit of Aristotle’s eudaimonia. His guidelines for how to live gave emphasis to realization of personal capacities and becoming the best one can be. What makes all of these ideas beautiful is their commitment to distill the upside of the human condition. Via translation of these ideas to empirical assessment tools, new lines of scientific inquiry have unfolded. Select findings are briefly described. An overarching theme in recent research is that experiencing one’s life as worthwhile and meaningful appears to contribute to better health and increased longevity. Other inquiries are explicating underlying processes (physiological, brain-based, genetic) as well as documenting the protective benefits of well-being in contexts of significant adversity. Intervention studies have also grown up around this model of eudaimonic well-being, both in clinical efforts to treat depression and anxiety as well as school- and community-based programs seeking to nurture well-being in hopes of preventing future distress (mental or physical). Collectively, such initiatives in science and practice are transforming decades of prior research preoccupied with explicating pathways to disease, disability, and death. New directions, wherein health is studied as health (rather than illness) and the human capacity for resilience is demonstrated, are beautiful as well.
Abstract TMP45: Undiagnosed Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes among Stroke Survivors in the United States

BACKGROUND: The obesity epidemic has been associated with a surge in diagnoses of diabetes and pre-diabetes in the general population, but a high proportion of individuals are unaware that they have these conditions, which confer higher vascular risk, yet are amenable to treatment. Given the adverse effects of hyperglycemia on post-stroke outcomes and recurrent vascular risk, we investigated the burden of undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes among stroke survivors. METHODS: We assessed prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes (HbA1c ≥6.5% and HbA1c 5.7-6.4% without self-reported physician-diagnosis) among 1070 non-pregnant adult (≥20 years) stroke survivors who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999-2010. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between race-ethnicity and odds of undiagnosed diabetes/prediabetes, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and medical comorbidities. RESULTS Among an estimated 5,102,279 adult stroke survivors in the US, 3.7% had undiagnosed diabetes, while 32.3% had undiagnosed pre-diabetes. Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was 7.5% in non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs), 4.4% in Hispanics, and 3.1% in non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). Prevalence of undiagnosed pre-diabetes was highest in NHBs (37.8%), followed by NHWs (31.6%) and Hispanics (26.3%). Compared to NHWs and Hispanics, NHB stroke survivors with undiagnosed diabetes/pre-diabetes were younger (mean age 59 years vs. 70 and 67 years), more likely to be on antihypertensive medications (73% vs. 66% and 58%), and more likely to smoke (30% vs. 22% and 11%). After multivariate analysis, NHBs were more likely to have undiagnosed diabetes/pre-diabetes than NHWs (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.31-3.44; p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion (one in 3) of stroke survivors in the US has undiagnosed pre-diabetes and the highest rates of diabetes and pre-diabetes are seen among NHBs, even after adjusting for confounders. Systematic screening and treatment at the time of the index stroke may boost overall clinical outcomes and bridge these racial disparities.
Traction inverter evaluation method based on driving cycles for electric and hybrid electric vehicles

With the increasing demand for environment-friendly and high fuel economy vehicles, most of the automotive manufacturers are working on the development of their electric and hybrid electric vehicles (EVs/HEVs). The traction inverter plays a significant role in EV/HEV system and converts energy between the battery and the electric motors. One of the key challenges during the traction inverter development is how to evaluate its performance in the lab. This paper proposes a method to evaluate the performance of traction inverter in EVs/HEVs. Comparing with the traditional lab test methods, the proposed method uses the real driving cycles of the vehicle and illustrates the traction inverter performance in real driving conditions. The experimental results show the benefits of the proposed method.
Iranian languages and literatures of Central Asia: from the eighteenth century to the present

Most publications on languages or literatures of Central Asia in the modern period (few enough as they are) seem to concentrate on the Turkic group (which admittedly comprises the most homogeneous ...
Refranero general ideológico español. Compilado por Luis Martínez Kleiser, individuo de número de la Real Academia Española, y publicado por acuerdo de la Corporación. Madrid, 1953. xxix + 783 pp.

Se reseno el libro: Refranero general ideologico espanol. Compilado por Luis Martinez Kleiser.
Retrospective analysis of inferior vena cava collapsibility with point of care ultrasound and urine sodium and FENa in patients with early stage acute kidney injury.

ABSTRACTEarly stage acute kidney injury (AKI) is an independent risk factor for an increase in mortality. Accurate assessment of volume status is a major challenge during the early stages of acute renal injury. Determining volume status based on the history and physical exam lacks accuracy. Urine sodium and free excretion of sodium (FENa) provide objective evidence of intravascular volume status when interpreted carefully and is helpful to delineate prerenal from intrinsic renal failure. In recent years point of care ultrasound has been used to assess volume status. Our team conducted a retrospective chart review to assess the association of inferior vena cava collapsibility by point of care ultrasound (POCUS) and urine electrolytes (urine sodium, fractional excretion of sodium) during early stage AKI (Stage 1–2 of KDIGO guidelines). We reviewed 150 cases based on the provisional diagnosis. 36 patients met the criteria for further review. Using bivariate analysis, we found a strong association between >50...
Italy on Fifth Ave: From the Museum of Modern Art to the Olivetti Showroom

The 1952 MoMA exhibition Olivetti: Design in Industry has come to mark the moment when the established art world recognized the cultural legitimacy of mass-produced goods. This article contests such an interpretation by showing how the exhibition was organised and paid for by the Olivetti company. This enables a comparative analysis of the MoMA exhibition with a second New York space, the Olivetti showroom. Located on Fifth Ave, less than a half kilometre from the museum, the Olivetti showroom sold the company’s products to the same American public. The article concludes that the MoMA exhibition and the New York Olivetti showroom must be understood together as a clever case of corporate marketing.
Modeling and simulation of cyberattacks for resilient cyber-physical systems

Securing cyber-physical systems (CPS) is an active area of research. For example, manufacturing and military CPS have been traditionally designed without an emphasis on cybersecurity. This paper presents a model-based secure-by-design approach for modeling and simulating the cybersecurity aspects of CPS. We demonstrate our systematic approach by modeling several classes of cyberattacks that may affect the normal operations of CPS, and evaluate the impact of these attacks on the system through the use of simulation. We follow a functional modeling approach that may reduce the engineering effort and increase the quality of the developed system, while also increasing the resilience of the system when exposed to cyberattacks.
Psychometric Properties of the Teacher Beliefs of Environmental Education Questionnaire.

This study describes the development and initial validation of a tool to measure teachers' beliefs about environmental education (EE), beliefs about their own self-efficacy in teaching EE in their ...
UNIQUE SPECIES OF RNA IN PERITONEAL CELLS EXPOSED TO DIFFERENT ANTIGENS

A suitable inducer of cell differentiation in the mammalian host stimulates a complex series of events which often includes the division of cells and the synthesis of specialized protein. According to current concepts specialized cell function requires the activation of information stored in a latent form in the genome of the cell for the synthesis of new RNAs and new protein. Thus, if the differentiated response is of sufficient magnitude and if the assay is of adequate sensitivity, one might detect new RNA synthesis in differentiating cells. Cells which differentiate to form proteins which are distinguishable from one another may form detectably different species of RNA.
Clinical Reasoning: Refractory status epilepticus in a primigravida.

A 29-year-old woman, gravida 1 para 0, 14 weeks pregnant, presented with first seizure of life. Thirty minutes before the seizure, she reported a new mild bifrontal headache and visual changes described as difficulty seeing her right fingers when using her phone. She then had witnessed right arm extension, followed by shaking in bilateral arms and legs for 2 minutes, and bladder incontinence followed by 30 minutes of postictal confusion. Her medical history was notable for ataxia, myoclonus, and foot numbness diagnosed 4 years prior as sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, and ophthalmoplegia (SANDO) syndrome; whole exome sequencing had confirmed compound heterozygous polymerase gamma ( POLG ) mutations. Her home medications were amantadine 100 mg BID, coenzyme Q10 100 mg BID, and prenatal multivitamin daily.
Realistic computer network simulation for network intrusion detection dataset generation

The KDD-99 Cup dataset is dead. While it can continue to be used as a toy example, the age of this dataset makes it all but useless for intrusion detection research and data mining. Many of the attacks used within the dataset are obsolete and do not reflect the features important for intrusion detection in today's networks. Creating a new dataset encompassing a large cross section of the attacks found on the Internet today could be useful, but would eventually fall to the same problem as the KDD-99 Cup; its usefulness would diminish after a period of time. To continue research into intrusion detection, the generation of new datasets needs to be as dynamic and as quick as the attacker. Simply examining existing network traffic and using domain experts such as intrusion analysts to label traffic is inefficient, expensive, and not scalable. The only viable methodology is simulation using technologies including virtualization, attack-toolsets such as Metasploit and Armitage, and sophisticated emulation of threat and user behavior. Simulating actual user behavior and network intrusion events dynamically not only allows researchers to vary scenarios quickly, but enables online testing of intrusion detection mechanisms by interacting with data as it is generated. As new threat behaviors are identified, they can be added to the simulation to make quicker determinations as to the effectiveness of existing and ongoing network intrusion technology, methodology and models.
Erdheim-Chester disease among neuroinflammatory syndromes: the case for precision medicine.

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare, non-Langerhans histiocytosis characterized by xanthogranulomatous infiltration typically affecting long bones, cardiovascular system, retroperitoneum, and lung, and that involves the CNS in 25%–50% of patients (table).1,2 Historically, establishing the diagnosis has been challenging, particularly in the absence of systemic abnormalities. Recent genomic studies have uncovered that approximately 50% of ECD tissue samples harbor a mutation in the BRAF gene,3 termed BRAF V600E , and that pointed to a neoplastic, rather than inflammatory, nature of the disease.4,5
Vulnerability Studies and Security Postures of IoT Devices: A Smart Home Case Study

Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology has revolutionized our daily lives in many ways—whether it is the way we conduct our day-to-day activities inside our home, or the way we control our home environments remotely. Unbeknownst to the users, with the adoption of these “smart home” technologies, their personal space becomes vulnerable to security and privacy attacks. We conducted studies of vulnerabilities and security posture of smart home IoT devices. We started with a literature review on known vulnerability studies of the IoT devices, considering four categories of attacks: 1) physical; 2) network; 3) software; and 4) encryption. We then conducted our own vulnerability experiments that compared security postures between well known and lesser known vendors through misuse and abuse case analysis, followed by a review of coverage in major vulnerability databases. Based on our analysis, the main finding was the need for a stronger focus on the security posture of lesser known vendor devices as they are often less regulated and faceless scrutiny.
197 Penn community scholars program: assessing capacity building and community-academic partnerships through an innovative, community-based training program

Statement of Purpose The Penn Community Scholars Program (Penn CSP), an initiative of the Penn Injury Science Center’s Outreach Core, was developed in 2015 to build community capacity to perform and sustain research in Philadelphia. The program trains community organization leaders in research skills and seeks to match them with academic partners to facilitate community-based participatory research(CBPR) work. Methods/Approach The Penn CSP selects a cohort of 15–20 participants from 10–12 organizations to participate in a 12-session training program each year. The goals of the Penn CSP are to build capacity of community organizations to perform CBPR with academics; and expand mutually beneficial community-academic partnerships to improve health outcomes. Scholars are trained in navigating the research process, forming CBPR partnerships, and presenting a professional pitch. To assess impact, we employed a pre- and post-survey based approach to evaluate change in knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and intentions to conduct research and apply skills. Results Facilitators, barriers, and short-term outcomes associated with the primary goals of the Penn CSP were identified among four cohorts of scholars. Participants reported high levels of satisfaction, and an increase in knowledge, self-efficacy, and skills related to conducting CBPR. Participants reported an increase in confidence to identify problems in their communities (78%), in their trust of academic partnerships (61%), in knowledge on developing program goals and objectives (49%), and in knowledge on formulating research questions (45%). Conclusion Through an innovative, community-based approach, the Penn CSP builds community capacity and increases the adaptability of organizations to participate in academic research, and connects these leaders with faculty partners across academic institutions to continue CBPR work. Significance/Contribution to Injury and Violence Prevention Field In a current cohort of 16 individuals representing 10 organizations, over half fulfill missions that center on injury prevention, including suicide, intimate partner violence, gun violence, and opioid overdoses.
The Extent of Implementation of Enhanced Basic Education Program and Its Correlates

The Department of Education in the Philippines, with its major aim to enhance the quality of basic education and make the country at par with other countries, has paved the way to the Enhanced Basic Education Program or the K to 12. In its initial phase of implementation, this paper seeks to assess the extent of implementation on curriculum and instruction; standards and assessment; learning environment; governance, operations and administration; human resource management and development; and finance. As front lines of the academe, school heads and teachers assessed these aspects. Findings reveal that this program is implemented to a high extent as assessed by school heads and teachers. In terms of schools’ performance, enrollment rate had an increasing trend. Achievement, repetition and drop-out rates vary for the past three years. School heads’ evaluation of teachers’ performance based from CB-PAST is very satisfactory. Learners were assessed as fairly competent in learning and literacy while competent in life skills.