cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neopentane Conversion over Zeolite-Supported Platinum and Palladium Catalysts

Abstract Neopentane conversion has been studied over platinum supported on L- and Y-zeolites, and palladium supported on KL-zeolite. The Pd/KL-zeolite catalysts exhibit the enhanced activation energies previously reported in the literature. The preexponential factors and activation energies show a compensation effect for both the palladium and the platinum catalysts. The trend in activation energies is compared with hydrogen TPD studies. Pressure dependence studies (in excess hydrogen) show reaction orders of approximately −2 and 0.8 for hydrogen and neopentane, respectively, except for hydrogenolysis over Pd/KL which exhibits reaction orders of ∼−4 and 0.64, respectively. At lower hydrogen pressures (
Spatially Heterogeneous Electrical and Electrochemical Properties of Hydrogen-Terminated Boron-Doped Nanocrystalline Diamond Thin Film Deposited from an Argon-Rich CH4/H2/Ar/B2H6 Source Gas Mixture

Spatially heterogeneous electrical and electrochemical properties were observed for hydrogen-terminated, boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond thin-film electrodes by conducting-probe atomic force microscopy (CP-AFM) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). CP-AFM was used to simultaneously map the topography and electrical conductivity of the film as a function of the boron-doping level and bias voltage. The electrode was characterized by areas of high electrical conductivity separated by regions of low conductivity. The fraction of a particular film's area that exhibited high conductivity remained invariant with the polarity and magnitude of the bias voltage, while the current flow at any of the conductive regions increased proportionally with the bias voltage indicative of metal-like electronic properties. The fraction of highly conductive area increased with the doping level. One possible cause for the differential conductivity across a film is a nonuniform distribution of boron dopant, which lea...
Keanakākoʻi Tephra produced by 300 years of explosive eruptions following collapse of Kīlauea's caldera in about 1500 CE

Abstract The Keanakākoʻi Tephra at Kīlauea Volcano has previously been interpreted by some as the product of a caldera-forming eruption in 1790 CE. Our study, however, finds stratigraphic and 14C evidence that the tephra instead results from numerous eruptions throughout a 300-year period between about 1500 and 1800. The stratigraphic evidence includes: (1) as many as six pure lithic ash beds interleaved in sand dunes made of earlier Keanakākoʻi vitric ash, (2) three lava flows from Kīlauea and Mauna Loa interbedded with the tephra, (3) buried syneruptive cultural structures, (4) numerous intraformational water-cut gullies, and (5) abundant organic layers rich in charcoal within the tephra section. Interpretation of 97 new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C ages and 4 previous conventional ages suggests that explosive eruptions began in 1470–1510 CE, and that explosive activity continued episodically until the early 1800s, probably with two periods of quiescence lasting several decades. Kīlauea's caldera, rather than forming in 1790, predates the first eruption of the Keanakākoʻi and collapsed in 1470–1510, immediately following, and perhaps causing, the end of the 60-year-long, 4–6 km3 ʻAilāʻau eruption from the east side of Kīlauea's summit area. The caldera was several hundred meters deep when the Keanakākoʻi began erupting, consistent with oral tradition, and probably had a volume of 4–6 km3. The caldera formed by collapse, but no eruption of lava coincided with its formation. A large volume of magma may have quickly drained from the summit reservoir and intruded into the east rift zone, perhaps in response to a major south-flank slip event, leading to summit collapse. Alternatively, magma may have slowly drained from the reservoir during the prolonged ʻAilāʻau eruption, causing episodic collapses before the final, largest downdrop took place. Two prolonged periods of episodic explosive eruptions are known at Kīlauea, the Keanakākoʻi and the Uwēkahuna Tephra (Fiske et al., 2009), and both occurred when a deep caldera existed, probably with a floor at or below the water table, and external water could readily interact with the magmatic system. The next period of intense explosive activity will probably have to await the drastic deepening of the present caldera (or Halemaʻumaʻu Crater) or the formation of a new caldera.
Runtime energy consumption estimation for server workloads based on chaotic time-series approximation

This article proposes a runtime model that relates server energy consumption to its overall thermal envelope, using hardware performance counters and experimental measurements. While previous studies have attempted system-wide modeling of server power consumption through subsystem models, our approach is different in that it links system energy input to subsystem energy consumption based on a small set of tightly correlated parameters. The proposed model takes into account processor power, bus activities, and system ambient temperature for real-time prediction on the power consumption of long running jobs. Using the HyperTransport and QuickPath Link structures as case studies and through electrical measurements on example server subsystems, we develop a chaotic time-series approximation for runtime power consumption, arriving at the Chaotic Attractor Predictor (CAP). With polynomial time complexity, CAP exhibits high prediction accuracy, having the prediction errors within 1.6p (or 3.3p) for servers based on the HyperTransport bus (or the QuickPath Links), as verified by a set of common processor benchmarks. Our CAP is a superior predictive mechanism over existing linear auto-regressive methods, which require expensive and complex corrective steps to address the nonlinear and chaotic aspects of the underlying physical system.
Durum wheat genetic stocks involving chromosome 1E of diploid wheatgrass: resistance to Fusarium head blight

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L., 2n = 4x = 28; AABB genomes) is the preferred wheat for preparing pasta products. Current durum cultivars have little resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB), or scab, a ravaging fungal disease. In our Durum Germplasm Enhancement (DGE) project, we previously showed that chromosome 1E of diploid wheatgrass Lophopyrum elongatum (Host) A. Love (2n = 2x = 14; EE genome) is an excellent source of FHB resistance. Through hybridization of this grass with the durum cultivar Langdon, coupled with manipulation of chromosome pairing and selection, we added the chromosome 1E pair into the durum genome and produced a fertile durum 1E addition line, called DGE-1. Also by substituting 1E for the durum homoeologues 1A or 1B, we produced, two fertile disomic substitution lines, 1E(1A) and 1E(1B), which were designated as DGE-2 and DGE-3, respectively. The level of FHB resistance of the genetic stocks was studied in the greenhouse and in the field at Prosper, North Dakota. In the greenhouse, the 1E addition showed 32.15 % infection and was better than Langdon at 58.73 %, but not significantly different from 1E(1A) disomic substitution at 45.60 % infection. The 1E(1B) disomic substitution (88.29 % infection) had the highest FHB infection. Under natural conditions in the field, the observed infection rates were essentially similar. Among the three genetic stocks, the 1E addition DGE-1 had the lowest level of infection (at 10 %) followed by the substitution 1E(1A) at 20 %, and the substitution E(1B) at 70 %. The parental cultivar Langdon had 15 % FHB infection. The genetic stocks of durum may help produce several more alien addition and substitution lines involving different chromosomes and may help locate sources of FHB resistance.
How lithium treatment generates neutrophilia by enhancing phosphorylation of GSK-3, increasing HIF-1 levels and how this path is important during engraftment

Lithium is commonly used in psychiatry for mood stabilization. Lithium treatment results in neutrophilia, increased platelets and increased circulating CD34+ haematopoietic stem cells, HSC. This paper outlines the newly discovered mechanism by which this occurs. Glycogen synthase kinase-3, GSK-3, phosphorylates and thereby inactivates hypoxia-induced factor-1, HIF-1. HIF-1 is a transcription factor triggering transcription of multiple genes related to adaptation to hypoxia, among which is CXCL12. CXCL12 forms the primary homing gradient for CD34+ HSCs towards the hypoxic, trophic bone marrow niche to which they must go to thrive. Lithium inhibits GSK-3 thereby increasing active HIF-1 that results in a stronger CXCL12 homing gradient. Trophic niche function is enhanced, ultimately resulting in increased production of neutrophils, platelets and CD34+ cells. Sitagliptin is a new drug to treat diabetes that coincidentally inhibits destruction of CXCL12. Thus, lithium and sitagliptin enhance CXCL12 by different paths, potentially increasing trophic niche function. Awareness of this path is important in HSC transplantation.
Anemia and health-related quality of life in adolescents with chronic kidney disease

Background: A number of studies of adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have shown a negative impact of anemia on several aspects of health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Although similar links have been suggested in adolescent dialysis populations, the relationship between anemia and HRQOL in children not requiring dialysis therapy has yet to be studied extensively in a large sample. Methods: We examined the association between anemia and HRQOL in baseline data collected on a prospective cohort of adolescents with CKD by using a generic HRQOL questionnaire completed by parents or caregivers (Child Health Questionnaire Parent Form [CHQ-PF50]). Our study population included guardians or caregivers of 105 adolescents (mean age, 14 ± 2 years) with stages 1 to 5 CKD as defined by the National Kidney Foundation–Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative, including subjects with chronic renal insufficiency, patients with functioning kidney transplants, and dialysis patients. Results: Seventy of 105 patients were classified in the study as anemic according to a hematocrit value of 36% or less. Compared with the group with higher hematocrit values and independent of sex, race, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, anemic patients reported greater limitations in CHQ-PF50 domains relating to (1) physical functioning, (2) limitations in schoolwork or activities with friends as a result of physical health, and (3) parental impact in time and family activities. Conclusion: Anemia was associated with lower quality of life in adolescents across the spectrum of stages of CKD. Future studies should address the effect of interventions to improve anemia on HRQOL.
Fabrication of a guide for nonradiographic evaluation of bone contour

Abstract The determination of bony contours at the site of implant placement aids the surgeon and the restoring dentist in treatment planning a patient's care. Although radiographic evaluations that use cross-sectional views are helpful, they are often expensive and not available in most dentists' offices. This article describes a technique for the fabrication of a guide for nonradiographic evaluation of bone contour. Bone contours are probed and transferred to a sectioned cast by the use of a guide. (J Prosthet Dent 1997;77:621-3.)
Gift Remitting and Alliance Building in Zambian Modernity: Old Answers to Modern Problems

This article highlights the strategic nature of remittances in Zambian migration. Zambian migrants usually give only small gifts to their home-based relatives, not the large sums of money or goods used for investment that is documented in the literature on remitting elsewhere. In a case like Zambia, where so little surplus cash exists and the diversion of cash or other resources can have great material costs for the giver, why do Zambian migrants continue to remit? I argue that gift remitting develops strategic alliances that translate into insurance policies for the future, enabling Zambian migrants to "hedge their bets" in a volatile and rapidly changing socioeconomic terrain. This article focuses attention on the broad experiences and contexts of remitting and how the unpredictability of modern life may foster a renewed need for building alliances. I draw on fieldwork conducted from 1994-2001 with the Gwembe Tonga people of Zambia's Southern Province and recent ethnographic literature from Zambia. [Keywords: migration, gift, economy, intergenerational relations, Africa]
Efficient proactive transmission planning to accommodate renewables

There is a growing need for tools to help decision makers to proactively plan for transmission infrastructure to accommodate renewables under gross market and regulatory uncertainties. In this paper, we make three contributions. First, we discuss how the current approaches aiming to proactively plan for transmission to accommodate renewables in the US are mathematically inaccurate, particularly with regards to their treatment of uncertainty. Second, improving existing models, we develop a two-stage stochastic network-planning model that takes into account Kirchhoff's laws, uncertainties, generators' response, and recourse investment decisions. Third, for large-scale networks, we demonstrate the use of Benders decomposition, taking advantage of the block-structure of the constraints. Testing our model on a simplified representation of California, we show that there are costs of ignoring uncertainty and that trying to identify robust solutions from a series of deterministic solutions is not necessarily effective, and indeed could result in higher costs than ignoring uncertainty altogether.
Isolated thigh claudication as a result of fibromuscular dysplasia of the deep femoral artery.

Abstract Isolated thigh claudication as a result of fibromuscular dysplasia of the deep femoral artery has not previously been reported. This case report describes a patient with fibromuscular dysplasia of the carotid arteries in whom progressive unilateral thigh claudication developed despite normal femoral pulses. Deep femoral artery occlusion caused by fibromuscular dysplasia was successfully treated by common femoral to distal deep femoral artery bypass. Fibromuscular dysplasia of the infrainguinal arteries is rare but should be included as a possible cause of lower extremity ischemic symptoms. (J Vasc Surg 1992;15:657–60.)
A Selective-Echo Method for Chemical-Shift Imaging of Two-Component Systems

Abstract A simple and effective method for selectively imaging either one of two chemical species in a two-component system is presented and demonstrated experimentally. The pulse sequence employed, s elective- e cho c hemical- s hift i maging (SECSI), is a hybrid (frequency-selective/ T 1 -contrast) technique that is executed in a short period of time, utilizes the full Boltzmann magnetization of each chemical species to form the corresponding image, and requires only hard pulses of quadrature phase. This approach provides a direct and unambiguous representation of the spatial distribution of the two chemical species. In addition, the performance characteristics and the advantages of the SECSI sequence are compared on a common basis to those of other pulse sequences.
Anatomic relationships of the pudendal nerve branches

Objective We sought to characterize the distribution of the pudendal nerve branches and to correlate findings with injury risk related to common midurethral sling procedures. Study Design Dissections were performed in 18 female cadavers. Biopsies were obtained to confirm gross findings by histology. Results In all dissections, most of the clitoral and perineal nerves coursed caudal to the ventral portion of the perineal membrane. The inferior rectal nerve did not enter the pudendal canal in 44% (n = 8) of specimens. Nerve tissue was confirmed histologically in tissue sampled. Conclusion The clitoral and perineal branches of the pudendal nerve should be at low risk of direct nerve injury during midurethral slings and similar procedures as they course caudal to the ventral portion of the perineal membrane. The inferior rectal nerve might be at risk of injury during procedures that involve passage of needles through the ischioanal fossa.
SEED: a suite of instructional laboratories for computer SEcurity EDucation

To provide students with hands-on exercises in computer security education, we have developed a laboratory environment (SEED) for computer security education. It is based on VMware, Minix, and linux, all of which are free for educational uses. Based on this environment, we have developed ten labs, covering a wide range of security principles. We have used these labs in our three courses in the last four years. This paper presents our SEED lab environment, SEED labs, and our evaluation results.
Women on the Verge: Japanese Women, Western Dreams

Women on the Verge: Japanese Women, Western Dreams. Karen Kelsky. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2001. ix. 294 pp., illustrations, notes, bibliography, index.
Mammary number and litter size in Rodentia: The "one-half rule".

Abstract Litter size and mammary number in the mammalian order Rodentia show a significant positive correlation. Mean litter size is typically one-half the number of available mammaries, while maximum litter size approximates mammary number. Similar relationships are found in the families Muridae, Cricetidae, and Sciuridae. The relationship of litter size to mammary number is significantly different between the arboreal and terrestrial squirrels, and between the hystricomorph and nonhystricomorph rodents. Mammary number may have operated as a selective constraint on litter size over evolutionary time.
Recruiting adults with osteoarthritis into an aquatic exercise class: strategies for a statewide intervention.

Objective. Although research suggests that regular exercise can be helpful in reducing the dysfunction and discomfort of osteoarthritis, promoting exercise among older adults within this population is neither straightforward nor easily accomplished. This article describes the various methods, and their relative success rates, that were employed to recruit older adults throughout the state of Washington into an aquatic exercise program. Methods. Strategies included a recruitment letter distributed to Arthritis Foundation (AF) members in Washington state, local media news coverage, physician referrals, and advertisements in local papers and newsletters. Results. The most successful methods for enrolling participants were through the AF recruitment letters and local television coverage. The AF recruitment letter was the most expensive method of generating responses, while the television coverage was the least expensive. Conclusions. Collaborating with a well-reputed community-based organization and capitalizing on available publicity resources are important strategies researchers can use to gain access to a difficult and geographically dispersed population.
PREFERENTIAL INTERACTIONS OF THE ESCHERICHIA COLI LEXA REPRESSOR WITH ANIONS AND PROTONS ARE COUPLED TO BINDING THE RECA OPERATOR

The binding of Escherichia coli LexA repressor to the recA operator was examined as a function of the concentration of NaCl, KCl, NaF, and MgCl2 at pH 7.5, 21 degrees C. The effects of pH at 100 mM NaCl were also examined. Changes both in the qualitative appearance of the binding isotherms and in the magnitude of the apparent binding affinity with changes in solution conditions suggest that binding of anions and protons by LexA repressor is linked to oligomerization and/or operator binding. Binding of LexA repressor to the recA operator in the presence of NaCl ranging from 25 to 400 mM at picomolar DNA concentration showed a broad, apparently noncooperative, binding isotherm. Binding of LexA repressor in NaF at the same [DNA] yielded binding isotherms with a narrow transition, reflecting an apparently cooperative binding process. Also, the apparent binding affinity was weaker in NaF than in NaCl. Furthermore, the binding affinity and also the apparent binding mode, cooperative vs noncooperative, were pH dependent. The binding affinity of LexA repressor for operator was greatest near neutral pH. The apparent binding mode was noncooperative at pH 7-9 but was cooperative at pH 6 or 9.3. These observations suggest that the specific cation and anion composition and concentrations must be considered in understanding the details of regulation of the SOS system.
SCHOOLING, THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF FRUSTRATION, AND THE FUTURE

(1977). SCHOOLING, THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF FRUSTRATION, AND THE FUTURE. The Review of Education: Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 237-255.
Proposal for a spintronic femto-Tesla magnetic field sensor

Abstract We propose a spintronic magnetic field sensor, fashioned out of quantum wires, which may be capable of detecting very weak magnetic fields with a sensitivity of ∼ 1 fT / Hz at a temperature of 4.2 K, and ∼ 80 fT / Hz at room temperature. Such sensors have commercial applications in magnetometry, quantum computing, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, magneto-encephalography, and military applications in weapon detection.
A Communicative Ontology of Organization? A Description, History, and Critique of CCO Theories for Organization Science

Writing as an organizational communication scholar, I provide a brief description and history of theories encapsulated by the phrase communication is constitutive of organizing (CCO). Then, I explain that CCO theory would benefit from an explicit differentiation between which conditions are prerequisite to and which conditions ensure the constitution of organization. Specifically, I argue that communication may be better thought of as a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for organizing.
Colon Cancer Stem Cells: A Therapeutic Target

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), that are resistant to chemotherapy, are the major obstacle in treatment of different cancers including colorectal cancer. Recently, markers of CSCs have been identified. CD133, CD44, CD166, ALDH1A1, Lgr5, and several other proteins have been proposed as CSC markers. In this review article, we have discussed several therapeutic strategies that may target the self-renewal pathways, miRNAs and other epigenetic modifiers in colon CSCs to arrest and/or regress recurrent colon cancer.
Optimum broadcasting and personalized communication in hypercubes

Four different communication problems are addressed in Boolean n-cube configured multiprocessors: (1) one-to-all broadcasting: distribution of common data from a single source to all other nodes; (2) one-to-all personalized communication: a single node sending unique data to all other nodes; (3) all-to-all broadcasting: distribution of common data from each node to all other nodes; and (4) all-to-all personalized communication: each node sending a unique piece of information to every other node. Three communication graphs (spanning trees) for the Boolean n-cube are proposed for the routing, and scheduling disciplines provably optimum within a small constant factor are proposed. With appropriate scheduling and concurrent communication on all ports of every processor, routings based on these two communication graphs offer a speedup of up to n/2, and O( square root n) over the routings based on the spanning binomial tree for cases (2)-(4) respectively. All three spanning trees offer optimal communication times for cases (2)-(4) and concurrent communication on all ports of every processor. Timing models and complexity analysis are verified by experiments on a Boolean-cube-configured multiprocessor. >
Recognition of a cleft mitral valve utilizing real-time three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography

We present a case in which real-time three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography was utilized to obtain better understanding of a cleft mitral valve. Additionally, the embryological development of a cleft mitral valve will be reiterated.
Land-use Trends in the Brazilian Amazon Region as Factors in Accelerating Deforestation

In Amazonia, land-uses requiring large inputs of labour and other resources per hectare, such as annual and perennial crops, can be expected to decrease in relative importance as compared with uses such as cattle ranching and forest cutting for timber and charcoal. Cattle ranching has already claimed the largest share of cleared areas in the region, even in comparatively fertile areas including Rondonia in southwestern Amazonia where crops such as cacao account for most credit disbursement and official fanfare. The trend to cattle pasture includes expansion within small-farmer settlement zones—a process spurred by turnover in the colonist population. In other areas of the region, the trend to ranching stems from continued proliferation and expansion of large concerns which profit both from speculative gains and various governmental subsidies.
Characterization of pancreas-projecting rat dorsal motor nucleus of vagus neurons

The electrophysiological and morphological properties of rat dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) neurons innervating the pancreas were examined by using whole cell patch clamp recordings from b...
Cocaine users seen in medical practice

Cocaine use and the public's awareness of cocaine abuse problems have escalated sharply in the past several years and yet little is known of the users direct contact with medical providers. A questionnaire was designed, mailed to 2,422 physicians in general and family practice, internal medicine, emergency medicine, and psychiatry. The results indicated that many more cocaine users were presently being seen than had been seen in the same month in the previous year. Most of the cocaine patients were seen by psychiatrists, and contrary to popular myth, only a small percentage had high incomes. Most were young male, polydrug users who had been using for more than several months. Few seemed to want treatment. The responding physicians who saw cocaine patients almost always commented on how they managed such patients. Physician involvement varied from almost none (drug use was seen as incidental) to brief advice, referral, or direct treatment. Physician's comments provide a mirror of problems and feelings surrounding this patient population. Contrasts and similarities with hotline data are discussed. The growth of physician recognition of this problem population clearly indicates a treatment need.
The potential use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with hyperlipidemia

New evidence suggests an interaction between hyperlipidemia, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, and atherosclerotic disease. In patients with atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia, coronary endothelial dysfunction is usually diffuse and affects vasomotor tone, platelet activity, thrombosis, fibrinolysis, and regulation of inflammatory cells. Angiotensin II, an important oxidant, alters the binding of low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol to its receptors and increases endothelial uptake of LDL. Endothelial dysfunction is worsened by the suppression of nitric oxide production and/or release via angiotensin II-associated degradation of bradykinin and oxygen free radical production, resulting in inadequate vasorelaxation. Therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors appears to eliminate these untoward effects and may ameliorate the tendency for myocardial infarction associated with elevated plasma levels of angiotensin II. Although the role of ACE inhibitors in the prevention and/or treatment of coronary artery disease in patients without left ventricular dysfunction remains to be established, the capacity of ACE inhibition to correct endothelial dysfunction offers promise. The ability of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors to improve endothelial function, prevent the progression of coronary atherosclerosis, reduce the incidence of ischemic events, and improve survival is well known. Potentially, ACE inhibitors may have an additive or synergistic effect on the development of atherosclerosis and the clinical consequences of this disease when used in combination therapy with lipid-lowering strategies.
Subscales to the taylor manifest anxiety scale in three chronically ill populations

In a sample of 150 people drawn from a population of asthma, tuberculosis, and chronic pain patients, a key cluster analysis revealed five different clusters of items in the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale: Restlessness, Embarrassment, Sensitivity, Physiological Anxiety, and Self-Confidence. These clusters are consistent and four of them appear moderately related, whereas Embarrassment is fairly independent of the others.
Monoacylglycerols are components of root waxes and can be produced in the aerial cuticle by ectopic expression of a suberin-associated acyltransferase

The interface between plants and the environment is provided for aerial organs by epicuticular waxes that have been extensively studied. By contrast, little is known about the nature, biosynthesis, and role of waxes at the root-rhizosphere interface. Waxes isolated by rapid immersion of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots in organic solvents were rich in saturated C18-C22 alkyl esters of p-hydroxycinnamic acids, but also contained significant amounts of both α- and β-isomers of monoacylglycerols with C22 and C24 saturated acyl groups and the corresponding free fatty acids. Production of these compounds in root waxes was positively correlated to the expression of sn-glycerol-3-P acyltransferase5 (GPAT5), a gene encoding an acyltransferase previously shown to be involved in aliphatic suberin synthesis. This suggests a direct metabolic relationship between suberin and some root waxes. Furthermore, when ectopically expressed in Arabidopsis, GPAT5 produced very-long-chain saturated monoacylglycerols and free fatty acids as novel components of cuticular waxes. The crystal morphology of stem waxes was altered and the load of total stem wax compounds was doubled, although the major components typical of the waxes found on wild-type plants decreased. These results strongly suggest that GPAT5 functions in vivo as an acyltransferase to a glycerol-containing acceptor and has access to the same pool of acyl intermediates and/or may be targeted to the same membrane domain as that of wax synthesis in aerial organs.
Some observations on the hardware development process

To begin our study of hardware development, we were faced with a dilemma. We could study the process or processes and learn something about individual development projects, but since each development was unique, how could we generalize? Furthermore, since we wanted to go beyond being merely descriptive in our analyses and develop normative conclusions, we were faced with the problem of evaluation. Since there are no universal criteria, how can you produce relative evaluations of unique activities? We solved both of these problems by seeking out instances in which the development activity was not unique. We took advantage of such formally sanctioned competitions by studying the National Aeronautics and Space Administration commissioned two or more contractors to develop prototypes of products, that N.A.S.A. would later procure. This enabled us then to obtain performance evaluations from the customer at a subsystem level. This is the level at which one or a very small group of engineers would be working, and thereby enabled us to relate observations of individual engineers to their performance outcome. We discuss some of the results and consider how this work may have some relevance to software development. >
Por uma pedagogia e política da branquidade

Neste artigo, Henry Giroux coloca o estudo da branquidade em um contexto historico, reconhecendo os varios modos pelos quais a identidade racial tem sido usada por ideologos conservadores e academicos criticos que procuram expandir a discussao de raca e poder. O autor tambem focaliza as limitacoes do conhecimento atual sobre branquidade. Embora esse conhecimento tenha ampliado, com sucesso, o estudo da raca, no sentido de incluir o estudo da branquidade como uma construcao historica, cultural e politica, nao revelou o potencial liberador da desconstrucao da branquidade na esfera publica. Por meio de uma analise de Dangerous Minds e Suture, dois filmes com narrativas contrastantes sobre raca, o autor fornece um exemplo das possibilidades de discutir criticamente, em sala de aula, a representacao de raca e etnicidade na midia. Por meio dessa discussao, os estudantes de racas e etnias diferentes podem refletir sobre a representacao de si proprios e de outros e a posicao da branquidade como o referente dominante. E necessario que a branquidade seja teorizada e discutida de maneira que se reconheca o seu potencial critico, bem como a possibilidade de que estudantes brancos distingam seu proprio modo de agir e lugar legitimo no interior da luta pela mudanca social e por uma sociedade anti-racista.
Urinary Retention following Prostate Seed Implant Brachytherapy following Rigid Cystoscopy

Purpose/Objective(s): Transperineal ultrasound guided prostate seed brachytherapy (PSI) is a common procedure performed for the long-term control of prostate cancer. After the completion of the procedure, a cystoscopy is often performed to ensure that no seeds were inadvertently introduced into the bladder. After the patient recovers, he is generally given a trial of voiding. If the patient cannot urinate or has significant urinary retention, a Foley catheter is generally replaced, and the patient is sent home with the catheter for 1-2 weeks to allow for a decrease in prostatic edema. Published studies have shown differences in urinary symptoms for patients who underwent rigid versus flexible cystoscopy outside of the setting of PSI. Here, we investigate possible factors including cystoscopy that may contribute to urinary toxicity, the most common form of toxicity in patients receiving PSI.
Time-term analysis of explosion data from the vicinity of the Borrego Mountain, California, earthquake of 9 April 1968

abstract Aftershocks of the magnitude 6.5 earthquake of 9 April 1968 near Borrego Mountain, California, were recorded by 20 portable seismographs during a two-month period beginning two days after the main shock. Near the end of the recording period, three explosions were set off in the region to obtain station time corrections and a crustal model for use in locating the aftershocks. Ten truck-mounted seismic-refraction units supplemented the existing seismograph network for the shots. The data were analyzed by the time-term method using P g arrivals in the interval 15 to 82 km. The time-term values, which range from 0 to 1 ¼; sec, correlate well with the lithologic foundation type: low values for stations on or near pre-Tertiary granitic rocks, intermediate values on Tertiary sediments, and high values on Quaternary alluvium. A consistent relationship is exhibited between the time terms and the basement depths as determined from other seismic-refraction studies and well data. This suggests that basement depths throughout the region can be estimated from time terms. A velocity of 5.93 km/sec was found for P g waves. Later arrivals indicate the presence of an intermediate layer at a depth of 14 km.
Academic Achievement of Sixth Graders Matched for Intelligence but Not for Self-Concept

Summasy.-13 pairs of sixth graders were selected such that within each pair, smdents were matched on verbal and non-verbal IQs but differed greatly on academic success self-concept and self-esteem scores. Mean academic achievement in reading, language, and mathematics for the students with high self-concepts was nor significantly different from that for the students with low self-concepts. It is frequently asserted rhat students of equal intellecmal abilities but unequal self-concepts will differ in academic achievement. While a positive relationship between self-concept and achievement has frequently been demonsuated, research examining this relationship has not controlled for intelligence by matching subjects on that variable. Studies (1, 2) indicate that the relationship between self-concept and achievement is greatest when he self-concept measure is reflective of academic success. The study reported here compared the achievement levels of sixth graders matched on intelligence but differing in academic success self-concept and self-csteem. Administered to 96 sixth graders was the Self-descriptive Inventory, a measure of self-concept and self-esteem reflective of academic success. A description of that instrument can be found in Gose, et al. The Short-form Test of Academic Aptitude (3) was used to measure verbal and non-verbal intelligence. The composite reading, language, and mathematics scores from the 1970 Comprehensive Tests of Basic Skills were used as measures of achievement. The self-concept test was administered by the researchers in March, the intelligence test and achievement battery by the classroom teachers in April. From the 96 students, .l3 pairs of individuals were identified such that pair-members had verbal IQs within three points of each other and non-verbal IQs within three points of each other. Self-concept and self-esteem scores of individuals within each matched pair differed by three or more points. Scores on the self-scales ranged from zero to six with standard errors of measurement of 1.2 and 1.3. Self-concept means/ standard deviations for the high and low groups were 4.54/0.97 and 0.62/0.87 (ill = 14.82, p .lo). Means/standard deviations of the grade-equivalent achievement scores for the high and low self-concept/esteem students were 7.6/2.3 and 7.2/1.8 in reading (t,: = 1.23, p > .20), 8.2/2.0 and 8.1/2.2 in language (t~a = 0.55, p > .40), and 7.8/1.6 and 7.6/1.3 in mathematics (t, = 0.14, p > .40). Within seven of the 13 pairs of students, the high self-concept/esteem student received the higher reading achievement score, and within six of the pairs, the low self-concept/esteem student received the higher reading achievement score. Within six of the 13 pairs, the high self-concept/ esteem smdents earned the higher language achievement score, and within six pairs, the low self-concept/esteem student obtained the higher language achievement score. Within seven of the pairs, the high self-concept/esteem student had the high mathe
Heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of -lithium hexafluoroaluminate, Li3AlF6, from 15 to 380 K

The heat capacity of β-lithium hexafluoroaluminate, Li3ALF6, was determined from 15 to 380 K and the thermodynamic properties calculated from the results. The entropy at 298.15 K was found to be 187.88 ±0.38 J/K · mol (44.904 ± 0.090 cal/K · mol).
Stimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated calcium entry into dissociated neurons by reduced and oxidized glutathione

The effects of GSH (gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine) and GSSG on intracellular calcium levels ([Ca2+]i) were investigated using fura-2-loaded dissociated brain cells from newborn rat pups. Both produced concentration-dependent increases in [Ca2+]i (EC50 values of 914.3 +/- 190.5 and 583.0 +/- 97.2 microM for GSH and GSSG, respectively), similar to that observed with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and other agonists at the NMDA receptor. Maximum response (expressed as percentage change in [Ca2+]i relative to basal) was significantly greater for GSSG (37.5 +/- 1.6%) than for GSH (25.3 +/- 1.6%). The response to both agents was prevented or reversed by competitive (100 microM) (-)-2-amino-5- phosphonovalerate and noncompetitive (400 nM) MK-801 or 1.0 mM Mg2+ antagonists of NMDA receptor-mediated calcium entry, even at concentrations of GSH and GSSG normally producing maximal response. The idea that these effects are mediated, at least in part, by interaction with the NMDA receptor was supported by the effects of GSH and GSSG on the binding of the NMDA receptor ligand [3H]CGP-39653 to membranes isolated from hippocampal and cortical homogenates. Both GSH and GSSG displaced bound [3H]CGP-39653, with IC50 values of 0.93 +/- 0.18 and 11.02 +/- 1.22 microM, respectively, and produced an increase in the apparent Kd of binding (control, 8.92 +/- 0.83 nM, and GSH, 13.31 +/- 1.19 nM; control, 11.59 +/- 0.35 nM, and GSSG, 18.73 +/- 0.66 nM). However, both also produced modest reductions in Bmax (control, 1265 +/- 69 fmol/mg of protein, and GSH, 901 +/- 73 fmol/mg of protein; control, 1068 +/- 30 fmol/mg of protein, and GSSG, 730 +/- 18 fmol/mg of protein) and Hill slopes (GSH, 0.66 +/- 0.02; GSSG, 0.62 +/- 0.04). This suggests complex kinetics for the interaction of GSH and GSSG with the NMDA receptor. Taken together, the results suggest the potential for modulation of the NMDA receptor complex by GSH and GSSG.
107 MARKER FOR INFLAMMATION-MEDIATED HISTONE DAMAGE INVOLVED IN EPIGENETIC REGULATION.

Epidemiologic evidence shows a strong correlation between chronic inflammation and the subsequent likelihood of damaged cells becoming cancerous. However, the mechanism whereby inflammation initiates or contributes to carcinogenesis is unknown. Emerging data in the field of epigenetics suggest that histone modifications play an integral role to modify gene expression paving the way for yet another gene regulatory system that may become perturbed, leading to cancer. Hypochlorous acid, formed during the “respiratory burst” of inflammation-mediated processes, has been shown to oxidize and chlorinate host lipids, proteins, RNA, and DNA while fulfilling its main antimicrobial purpose. We hypothesize that HOCl-mediated damage of histones may affect the gene regulatory system and show that we have a method and a marker to measure the amounts of inflammation-mediated damage to histone proteins. Chlorotyrosine (ClY) has been shown to be a stable product of HOCl-mediated damage to proteins. Measuring this marker with a sensitive gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectroscopy (GC-NCI-MS) allows us to quantitatively measure the amounts of ClY formed when calf thymus histones H2a, H2b, H3, and H4 are reacted with HOCl. Digesting these reactants with proteases and analyzing with MALDI/TOF and LC/ESI mass spectroscopy allow us to determine where these chlorination adducts are formed in the protein sequence. We found that ClY is formed in higher amounts than expected from the reaction rates of tyrosine groups to HOCl. We, like others, have also found that tyrosines found in an YXXK or KXXY are chlorinated more than other tyrosines, suggesting that there may be some sequence specificity to this reaction. By elucidating the mechanism of HOCl-mediated histone damage, we hope to better understand how chronic inflammation may perturb the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and promote the transformation of normal cells to cancer.
Retrospective analysis on clinical epidemiological data of 109 patients with severe influenza A(H1NI)

[Objective]By analyzing the epidemiological and clinical features of patients with severe influenza A(H1NI),to assess the damage degree of influenza A(H1NI),provide a scientific basis for preventing and controlling the influenza. [Methods]The data of clinical epidemiology,clinical manifestation and treatment of 109 patients with severe influenza A(H1NI) were analyzed retrospectively. [Results]Among 109 patients with influenza A(H1NI),there were 82 severe cases,27 critical cases and 12 dead cases,and the mortality was 11.01%.Most of cases occurred in younger age group,the median age was 4 years old,and 42.20% of cases were scattered children.84.40% of cases visited hospital within the three days after the onset.35.78% had basic chronic diseases before the onset.All critical cases had complications after the onset,and 94.49% of severe cases had complications.85.32 % of patients were treated by antiviral drugs,such as neuraminidase inhibitors.The average duration of administration was 4.9days. [Conclusion]The critical cases of influenza A(H1NI) occur urgently,and the symptoms are serious.Most cases can be cured by timely diagnoses and treatments.The key population of prevention and control are infants and people with basic chronic diseases.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FOR LEAD-FREE SOLDER JOINTS UNDER A BOARD LEVEL DROP IMPACT

In order to predict failure location of BGA lead-free solder joints under a drop impact,ABAQUS software is used to analysis stress distribution of the solder joints.Firstly,finite element(FE) model of a round printed circuit board(PCB) assembly is established.Secondly,a modal test is combined with FE analysis to determine the damping parameters and the boundary condition of the finite element model.Finally,ABAQUS software is used to analyze the stretching stress distribution of the BGA lead-free solder joint when the round PCB assembly is droped from three different drop heights respectively.Results show that the maximum stretching stress occurs at the solder joints located at four outermost corners.It can be predicted from stress distributions that the solder joints at outermost corners are prone to being fractured.
Results of occupational health examination on lead-exposed workers of a lead battery manufacturer in Wuxi City

[Objective]To understand the effect of lead on health of exposed workers,so as to adopt effective protection measures. [Methods]The physical examination data of employees that worked consecutively at least 2 years(2009,2010) in a lead battery manufacturer was analyzed..The rank-sum test was adopted to perform comparison of blood lead levels. [Results]The blood lead level of workers in 2010 [(0.482±0.154) μmol/L)] was significantly higher than that in 2009[(0.419±0.095) μmol/L](P0.01);the abnormal rates of electrocardiogram,blood routine examination results,hemoglobin in 2010 was higher than that in 2009,while the difference was not significant. [Conclusion]The lead level in workplace air of this enterprise exceeds the standard.Lead can cause certain damage on exposed workers' health,therefore the operation environment and individual protection should be improved.
Effects of Ulinastatin on Endothelium Function in Patients During Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Objective:To investigate the effects of ulinastatin on perioporative endothelium function in patients undergoing off-pump cor- onary artery bypass graft surgery(OPCAB). Methods:This experiment was double-blinded and controlled.Twenty-four low risk OPCAB patients were randomly divided into two groups:control group(group C,n=12)and ulinastatin group(group W,n=12).In group W,after the induction,6000 U/kg ulinastatin dissolved in 50 ml saline were infused intravenously in 30 min,and then titrated 1000 U/(kg·h)up to the end of the operation.In group C,the same volume of saline were infused at the same speed.Blood samples were taken from center ve- nous cannula for determination of plasma NO and ET-1 concentration before operation(T1),0.5 h after the completion of vascu- lar anastomosis(T2),2h(T3),6h(T4),and 18h(T5)after operation. Results:There was no significant difference in demography of the two groups.Compared with the baseline(T1),in group C, NO concentration at T3,T4(P0.05),and T5(P0.01)was significantly decreased,however,there was no significant change at each time point in group W.There was no significant difference between groups.Compared with T1,in group C,there was no significant change in ET-1 concentration at each time point,however,in group W,ET-1 concentration at T2,T3,T4 and T5 was significantly decreased(P0.01).Compared with group C,ET-1 concentration in group W was significant low at T2,T3(P0.05),and T4,T5(P0.01). Conclusion:There was perioperative endotbelium function injury in patients undergoing OPCAB.Ulinastatin may inhibit the increase of ET-1 concentration,and might be helpful in reducing endothelium injury.