cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EVL and MIM/MTSS1 regulate actin cytoskeletal remodeling to promote dendritic filopodia in developing neurons

SUMMARY Dendritic spines are the postsynaptic compartment of a functional neuronal synapse, and are critical for synaptic connectivity and plasticity. The developmental precursor to dendritic spines, dendritic filopodia, are highly motile protrusions that facilitate synapse formation by sampling the environment for suitable axon partners during development and learning. Despite the significance of the actin cytoskeleton in driving these protrusions, the actin remodeling factors involved in this process are not fully characterized. In this work, we identify a critical function for the Ena/VASP protein EVL in the regulation of dendritic filopodia. Amongst the Ena/VASP proteins, EVL is uniquely required for the characteristic morphology and dynamics of dendritic filopodia. Using a combination of genetic and optogenetic manipulations, we demonstrate that EVL promotes protrusive motility through membrane-direct actin polymerization at dendritic filopodia tips. EVL forms a complex at nascent protrusions and dendritic filopodia tips with MIM/MTSS1, an I-BAR protein recently discovered to be important for initiation of dendritic filopodia. We propose a model in which EVL cooperates with MIM to elongate and coalesce branched actin filaments, establishing the dynamic lamellipodia-like architecture of dendritic filopodia in developing neurons.
Identification of Hospitals That Care for a High Proportion of Patients With Social Risk Factors

Importance Hospitals can face significant clinical and financial challenges in caring for patients with social risk factors. Currently the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program stratifies hospitals by proportion of patients eligible for both Medicare and Medicaid when calculating payment penalties to account for the patient population. However, additional social risk factors should be considered. Objective To evaluate 7 different definitions of social risk and understand the degree to which differing definitions identify the same hospitals caring for a high proportion of patients with social risk factors. Design, Setting, and Participants Across 18 publicly reported Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) hospital performance measures, highly disadvantaged hospitals were identified by the the proportion of patients with social risk factors using the following 7 commonly used definitions of social risk: living below the US poverty line, educational attainment of less than high school, unemployment, living in a crowded household, African American race (as a proxy for the social risk factor of exposure to racism), Medicaid coverage, and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality index of socioeconomic status score. In this cross-sectional study, social risk factors were evaluated by measure because hospitals may serve a disadvantaged patient population for one measure but not another. Data were collected from April 1, 2014, to June 30, 2017, and analyzed from July 25, 2019, to April 25, 2021. Main Outcomes and Measures The proportion of hospitals identified as caring for patients with social risk factors using 7 definitions of social risk, across 18 publicly reported CMS hospital performance measures. Results Among 4465 hospitals, a mean of 31.0% (range, 28.9%-32.3%) were identified at least once when using the 7 definitions of social risk as caring for a high proportion of patients with social risk factors. Among all hospitals meeting at least 1 definition of social risk, a mean of 0.7% (range, 0%-1.0%) were identified as highly disadvantaged by all 7 definitions. Among hospitals meeting at least 1 definition of social risk, a mean of 2.7% (range, 1.3%-5.1%) were identified by 6 definitions; 6.5% (range, 5.9%-7.1%), by 5 definitions; 10.4% (range, 9.5%-12.1%), by 4 definitions; 13.2% (range, 10.1%-14.4%), by 3 definitions; 21.4% (range, 20.1%-22.4%), by 2 definitions; and 45.2% (range, 42.6%-47.1%), by only 1 definition. This pattern was consistent across all 18 performance measures. Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, there were inconsistencies in the identification of hospitals caring for disadvantaged populations using different definitions of social risk factors. Without consensus on how to define disadvantaged hospitals, policies to support such hospitals may be applied inconsistently.
Volumetric laser heating of nanosuspension microdroplets: Slow evaporation to mid-air explosion

Abstract Opto-thermal interaction between a laser beam and a nanosuspension droplet is studied in this paper to analyze the thermal response of the droplet at different laser intensities depending on the optical properties of the nanosuspensions. A pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam is used to irradiate four types of droplet, 20 wt % silver nanoparticle suspension, 10 wt % and 5 wt % germanium nanoparticle suspension and 8 mM SDS solution, in an electrospray laser deposition experiment to observe the geometrical changes in their shape. A high-speed camera captured the images of the droplets, showing the decrease in their diameter and inception time for droplet slow evaporation as well as the pre-explosion time and an explosion regime map of four different explosion patterns: shallow, deep, directional and isotropic explosions depending on the laser peak intensity for 20 wt % silver nanoparticle suspension microdroplet. The other three types of suspension, however, do not undergo slow evaporation or experience mid-air explosion. A theoretical conduction model has been developed to predict the explosion of the droplet by finding its bubble formation region inside the droplet. These results are corroborated by experiments that the explosion characteristics depend on the optical properties of the suspension such as reflectance, absorption coefficient and refractive index. The temperature distribution and the predicted bubble formation region for the four types of suspension are investigated, and only the silver nanoparticle suspension of 20 wt % with low reflectance and high absorption coefficient is predicted to have bubble formation patterns within the droplet, similar to the four explosion patterns in the experiment. The conduction model agrees well with the experimental results and shows that it can predict the threshold laser peak intensity and explosion patterns of a droplet a priori at which explosion occurs.
Commentary on Olmstead v. L.C. ex rel. Zimring

The 1999 Supreme Court decision Olmstead v. L.C. ex rel. Zimring was celebrated as the Brown v. Board of Education for disability rights, as it gave meaning to the integration mandate of Title II to the Americans with Disabilities Act. Using a Disability Legal Studies framework, this commentary puts the monumental Supreme Court decision in context, reviews the history of institutionalization in the US, analyzes the original court opinion and the reimagined feminist judgment, and discusses the future and challenges of long-term community-based care after Olmstead.
How we ask matters: The impact of question wording in single-item measurement of suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

Abstract The present study aimed to extend prior literature on single-item assessment by examining response consistency (1) between several commonly used single-item assessments of suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts, and (2) across three timeframes (past month, past year, and lifetime) commonly employed in the literature. Participants (N = 613) were recruited from an online community, Amazon Mechanical Turk (mTurk). Participants were administered three sets of four distinct single-items assessing suicidal ideation, suicidal planning, and suicide attempt history, respecitvely. Items were drawn from well-known large-scale studies (e.g., National Comorbidity Survey; World Health Organization Mental Health Survey Initiative, Youth Risk Behavior Survey) and commonly used suicide risk assessments (i.e., Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview). Through examinations of intraclass correlations and confirmatory factor analyses, findings suggested mixed response agreement across most outcomes and timeframes. Response inconsistency among items assessing suicidal ideation and among items assessing suicidal planning were partly attributed to minor, yet important, language differences. Given findings that even minor language changes in suicidal ideation and planning items may inflate or restrict prevalence estimates in a meaningful way, it will be important for researchers and clinicians alike to pay close attention to the wording of single items in designing research studies, interpreting findings, and assessing patient risk.
Impact of Micromachining Process on Cu-Sn Solid-Liquid Interdiffusion (SLID) Bonds

Copper-tin Solid-Liquid Interdiffusion (Cu-Sn SLID) bonding has shown potential for packaging of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices such as microbolometers due to its low cost and high-temperature stability. A thin micromachined silicon cap is desired in the packaging of microbolometers to minimize the infrared light absorption. In the preferred fabrication process flow, the Cu-Sn sealing frames are deposited on both the cap and device wafers prior to micromachining the cap wafer. This method greatly simplifies the process compared to when the metal layers are deposited after the cap etching process. However, such an approach might affect the bonding quality due to the Cu-Sn sealing frame being used directly as a mask for the cap etching. The present work addresses this concern using a cap wafer (with and without micromachining process) bonded to a device wafer using the Cu-Sn SLID technique. A dicing yield at or near 100% is achieved for both samples. The interface of Cu-Sn bonds shows a similar Cu/Cu 3 Sn/Cu structure between the samples without cavity and with a cavity, which indicates that the micromachining process has a minor impact on the Cu-Sn bonds. However, the measured die shear strengths of the samples with and without cavity are relatively low due to fracture at the Cu/Cu 3 Sn interface and adhesion fracture at the TiW layer. The bond strength can be further improved by optimizing the Cu/Sn electroplating process and improving the adhesion layer.
Theorie und Praxis der enteralen Ernährung

Die enterale Ernahrung hat im letzten Jahrzehnt einen unbestrittenen Stellenwert in der Behandlung kritisch kranker Patienten erlangt. Wahrend fruher die ausreichende Zufuhr von Energie und Stickstoff das Hauptziel der Ernahrungstherapie war, wird heute die Stabilisierung des Stoffwechsels, sowie die Beeinflussung einzelner Organ- und Zellfunktionen durch Substrate angestrebt. Die enterale Zufuhr von Schlusselsubstraten fur bestimmte Zell- und Organfunktionen wird unter dem Begriff Pharmakonutrition (Immunonutrition) zusammengefasst. Insbesondere die Funktion und Integritat des Darmes als auch die Beeinflussung des mukosalen Immunsystems stehen hier im Vordergrund. In der vorliegenden Ubersicht werden die theoretischen Grundlagen der enteralen Ernahrung beim Intensivpatienten unter Berucksichtigung spezifischer Substrate diskutiert. Daruberhinaus werden allgemeine praktische Empfehlungen und ernahrungsmedizinische Besonderheiten der wichtigsten internistischen Krankheitsbilder dargestellt.
Analysis of Quantum Eigenstates in a 3-Mode System

We study the quantum eigenstates of a three degree of freedom spectroscopic Hamiltonian for the H2O molecule. Using the classical resonance zones as a template, we are able to understand and organize the energy level spectrum, and provide quantum number assignments for the eigenstates.
Theory of Mutable Axis of the Earth

Ichthyosaurus & ammonites from the Liassic beds upon the upper border of the continent—Ancient drift referred to the agency of ice floes—Mr. Evans of England on a change of axis—Objections to it—Prof. Pierce’s “discovery” on the outlines of continents—The direction of continents and mountains were molded by current deposits—Granite and syenites of the Atlantic coast indigenous rocks—Newton & Laplace on the stability of the earth’s axis—Ichthyosaurus and ammonites inhabited the high arctic waters—Rocks transported by earthquake waves, and land floods—Mount Battie conglomerate – Vegetation in the arctic in ancient times—How it might flourish.
Genioglossus advancement for obstructive sleep apnea

Surgical interventions for the upper airway have long been a part of treatment algorithms for sleep-disordered breathing. Genioglossus advancement is one such procedure designed to specifically treat obstructed breathing related to hypopharyngeal collapse. The procedure involves surgical manipulation of the genioglossus muscleʼs attachment to the mandible. The result is reducing obstruction at the hypopharynx and tongue base by displacing this musculature anteriorly. The last 30 years have introduced variations of the procedures and further explored the relevant anatomy. Although there is a paucity of high-level evidence, studies have shown promising outcomes when the procedure is tailored to those with appropriate anatomy and pathophysiology.
Non‐Monotonic Logic

A logic is called non-monotonic if assertions made in a theory in the logic may be retracted when new information is added to the theory. Keywords: commonsense reasoning; logic programming; circumscription; default logic; closed world assumption
THE INTERNATIONAL HALLEY WATCH

The program of the International Halley Watch (IHW) is analyzed stressing that proper planning and coordination will serve to maximize the scientific opportunities presented by the comet's passage. The Halley Watch comprises four parts: deep space observations, earth orbital observations, nonorbital flight techniques, and earth-based observation. The current status of each of these activities is examined presenting observing conditions of the comet in 1986 for observers at various latitudes. Design characteristics for potential Halley Comet missions (deep space) are also given, as are sample payloads for comet observations (earth orbital) and various international missions programs.
The myths and facts of energy efficiency

Abstract The debate about how much energy efficiency is socially desirable and what is the best way to finance and implement energy conservation measures has reached a critical junction in many countries. The arguments have passed the stage of whether more energy efficiency is possible or desirable, and are centred around how much, and how best to implement them. This is a survey article which attempts to shed some light on several critical issues in this debate. First, it distinguishes between what is technically possible v what is economically desirable in energy efficiency improvements. Second, it looks at some of the alleged causes of social under-investment in energy efficiency and identifies ways to reduce or eliminate them. Third, it addresses the question of who is best equipped to implement energy efficiency improvements, and how one may go about promoting it. Finally, the paper addresses critical financing and equity questions.
A Principled Approach to Mixed Integer/Linear Problem Formulation

We view mixed integer/linear problem formulation as a process of identifying disjunctive and knapsack constraints in a problem and converting them to mixed integer form. We show through a series of examples that following this process can yield mixed integer models that automatically incorporate some of the modeling devices that have been discovered over the years for making the formulation tighter. In one case it substantially improves on the generally accepted model. We provide a theoretical basis for the process by generalizing Jeroslow’s mixed integer representability theorem.
Cervical cancer prevention

Cervical cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy worldwide, accounting for about 530,000 new cases each year. Most of these cases (90 %) occur in the developing world where it is the second most common malignancy in women after breast cancer. By contrast, in the United States of America (USA) cervical cancer has decreased dramatically since the introduction of cytologic screening (Pap smear), and is now a relatively infrequent neoplasm, especially among well-screened majority populations with access to health-care services. In the USA, an individual woman’s lifetime risk of developing cervical cancer is estimated to be 1 in 147. In 2012, it is estimated that there were approximately 12,170 new cases of cervical cancer and 4,220 deaths in the USA.
Phase matching using bandgap structures for efficient parametric frequency conversion

We propose a method of efficient parametric process for frequency conversion. One of the most important conditions for such nonlinear processes is phase matching. Previously, nonlinear transmission lines (NLTL) consisting of varactors have been used for harmonic generation. In this paper, we discuss the fundamental limitation, i.e. the inability to guarantee phase matching, of these conventional NLTLs. To overcome this shortcoming, a passive structure exhibiting frequency bandgap is proposed and subsequently proved that such bandgaps lead to accurate phase matching in harmonic/subharmonic frequency generation. We provide analytical treatment of the proposed structure and also report simulation results. As a proof of this concept, measurement results of a frequency doubler prototype are presented. It provides an output of 300MHz with a conversion loss of as low as 4.9dB with only five sections of the proposed structure.
Introduction to surface and thin film processes

This book covers the experimental and theoretical understanding of surface and thin film processes. It presents a unique description of surface processes in adsorption and crystal growth, including bonding in metals and semiconductors. Emphasis is placed on the strong link between science and technology in the description of, and research for, new devices based on thin film and surface science. Practical experimental design, sample preparation and analytical techniques are covered, including detailed discussions of Auger electron spectroscopy and microscopy. Thermodynamic and kinetic models of structure are emphasised throughout. The book provides extensive leads into practical and research literature, as well as resources on the World Wide Web (see http://venables.asu.edu/book). Each chapter contains problems which aim to develop awareness of the subject and the methods used. Aimed as a graduate textbook, this book will also be useful as a sourcebook for graduate students, researchers and practitioners in physics, chemistry, materials science and engineering.
Alterations in EMG patterns during robotic assisted walking

Robotic devices are being developed for gait rehabilitation with promising results. This study focuses on the effectiveness of one such device: the Lokomat, a robotic gait orthosis. Muscle activations patterns (EMG) generated in normal subjects while walking on a treadmill were compared to those exhibited during Lokomat walking. Eight of the major leg muscles were chosen for measurement. For each trial, the average EMG activity was computed at various phases of the gait cycle, and compared across a variety of walking speeds. We hypothesized that the differences found between treadmill and Lokomat walking would create a greater understanding for the appropriateness of using this device in clinical rehabilitation. The results show significant differences in muscle firing patterns in certain parts of the gait cycle between treadmill and Lokomat walking. Because the robotic orthosis limits the degrees of freedom of the leg and pelvis, it will lead to changes in a natural gait pattern. Although the robotic orthosis does not exactly mimic the gait patterns of natural ambulation, it offers numerous benefits in gait rehabilitation.
Cerebral Perfusion and Neuropsychological Consequences of Chronic Cocaine Use

Research indicates that cocaine significantly constricts the cerebral vasculature and can lead to ischemic brain infarction. Long-term effects of intermittent or casual cocaine use in patients without symptoms of stroke or transient ischemic attack were investigated. Single-photon emission computed tomography with xenon-133 and [99mTc]hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime, magnetic resonance imaging, and selected neuropsychological measures were used to study cerebral perfusion, brain morphology, and cognitive functioning. Patients were drug free for at least 6 months before evaluation. All showed regions of significant cerebral hypoperfusion in the frontal, periventricular, and/or temporal-parietal areas. Deficits in attention, concentration, new learning, visual and verbal memory, word production, and visuomotor integration were observed. This study indicates that long-term cocaine use may produce sustained brain perfusion deficits and persistent neuropsychological compromise in some subgroups of cocaine-abusing patients.
Autologous Endometrial Coculture in Patients with a Previous History of Poor Quality Embryos

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of autologous endometrial coculture in patients (less than 36 years old) with a history of a single IVF failed cycle associated with poor quality embryos. Methods:Design: Controlled clinical study. Setting: University-based in vitro fertilization center. Patients: Twenty-six patients with a history of a single prior failed IVF-ET with poor preembryo quality. Intervention(s): Autologous endometrial coculture. Main outcome measures: Preembryo blastomere numbers and cytoplasmic fragmentation rates were compared between the treatment and previous cycle. Clinical pregnancy rates were analyzed. Results: Twenty-six women with an average age of 32.8 ± 2.9 years underwent treatment. On Day 3 the overall mean number of blastomeres per preembryo on coculture compared to conventional medium in a previous cycle was 6.1 ± 1.8 vs. 5.1 ± 1.3 (P = 0.01; Wilcoxon test). The average percentage of cytoplasmic fragments on coculture compared to the conventional medium in a previous cycle was 14% ± 10 vs. 22% ± 13 (P = 0.003; Wilcoxon test). At transfer the mean number of blastomeres per preembryo on coculture was 7.4 ± 1.8 compared to 6.7 ± 1.5 on conventional medium in a previous cycle (P = 0.02; Wilcoxon test). The clinical pregnancy rate (positive fetal cardiac activity) per patient was 88.5%. The delivery rate was 73.1% (19/26). Conclusions: There was an improvement in the preembryo quality for preembryos on autologous endometrial coculture compared to noncocultured preembryos from the same patient in a previous cycle. An excellent delivery rate was subsequently found.
Mangroves as alien species: the case of Hawaii

Prior to the early 1900s, there were no mangroves in the Hawaiian Archipelago. In 1902, Rhizophora mangle was introduced on the island of Molokai, primarily for the purpose of stabilizing coastal mud flats. This species is now well established in Hawaii, and is found on nearly all of the major islands. At least five other species of mangroves or associated species were introduced to Hawaii in the early 1900s, and while none has thrived to the degree of R. mangle, at least two have established self-maintaining populations (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Conocarpus erectus). Mangroves are highly regarded in most parts of the tropics for the ecosystem services they provide, but in Hawaii they also have important negative ecological and economic impacts. Known negative impacts include reduction in habitat quality for endangered waterbirds such as the Hawaiian stilt (Himantopus mexicanus knudseni), colonization of habitats to the detriment of native species (e.g. in anchialine pools), overgrowing native Hawaiian archaeological sites, and causing drainage and aesthetic problems. Positive impacts appear to be fewer, but include uses of local importance, such as harvesting B. gymnorrhiza flowers for lei-making, as well as some ecological services attributed to mangroves elsewhere, such as sediment retention and organic matter export. From a research perspective, possible benefits of the presence of mangroves in Hawaii include an unusual opportunity to evaluate their functional role in coastal ecosystems and the chance to examine unique or rare species interactions.
At the end of our tether: the rationality of nonviolence

P erhaps humankind will do the right thing, as Winston Churchill once said of Americans, but only after it has exhausted all other possibilities. In human relations, we‧ve tried brute force, and that is the story of empires rising and falling and the lamentable catalogue of folly that we call history. In 1648 the creators of the Westphalian system of sovereign nation-states improved things slightly by creating a few rules to govern interstate anarchy in Europe. The architects of the post–World War II world improved things a bit more with the creation of international institutions such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the United Nations. But war and militarization have a stronger hold on human affairs than ever, and sooner or later, violence—whether by states, by terrorist groups, or simply by demented individuals—will devour the human prospect.
The role of higher order image statistics in masking scene gist recognition

In the present article, we investigated whether higher order image statistics, which are known to be carried by the Fourier phase spectrum, are sufficient to affect scene gist recognition. In Experiment 1, we compared the scene gist masking strength of four masking image types that varied in their degrees of second- and higher order relationships: normal scene images, scene textures, phase-randomized scene images, and white noise. Masking effects were the largest for masking images that possessed significant higher order image statistics (scene images and scene textures) as compared with masking images that did not (phase-randomized scenes and white noise), with scene image masks yielding the largest masking effects. In a control study, we eliminated all differences in the second-order statistics of the masks, while maintaining differences in their higher order statistics by comparing masking by scene textures rather than by their phase-randomized versions, and showed that the former produced significantly stronger gist masking. Experiments 2 and 3 were designed to test whether conceptual masking could account for the differences in the strength of the scene texture and phase-randomized masks used in Experiment 1, and revealed that the recognizability of scene texture masks explained just 1% of their masking variance. Together, the results suggest that (1) masks containing the higher order statistical structure of scenes are more effective at masking scene gist processing than are masks lacking such structure, and (2) much of the disruption of scene gist recognition that one might be tempted to attribute to conceptual masking is due to spatial masking.
Political carnivalism and an emerging public space: examination of a new participatory culture on Twitter

Carnivals are not only social gatherings for celebration but also arenas where people can resist dominant power with free expression of non–legitimate voices. The 2011 Seoul mayoral election has shown how political carnivalism manifests itself. During the campaign, Twitter was rife with carnivalistic postings that included humour, satire, and parody, targeting the establishment. Twitter users also satirised mainstream media for neglecting the role of leading citizens in the democratic process. Twitter was not only a place of play, but also a place to ridicule the absurdities of politicians. Political carnivalism portends a new, evolutionary form of political engagement and helps us understand the increasing complexity of citizens' political attitudes and viewpoints. The current study contributes to the literature by documenting how a leading social media, Twitter, can be effectively transformed into a democratic pubic space by allowing citizens to engage in public affairs in carnivalistic ways.
The Xenopus Chromokinesin Xkid Is Essential for Metaphase Chromosome Alignment and Must Be Degraded to Allow Anaphase Chromosome Movement

Abstract At anaphase, the linkage between sister chromatids is dissolved and the separated sisters move toward opposite poles of the spindle. We developed a method to purify metaphase and anaphase chromosomes from frog egg extracts and identified proteins that leave chromosomes at anaphase using a new form of expression screening. This approach identified Xkid, a Xenopus homolog of human Kid (kinesin-like DNA binding protein) as a protein that is degraded in anaphase by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Immunodepleting Xkid from egg extracts prevented normal chromosome alignment on the metaphase spindle. Adding a mild excess of wild-type or nondegradable Xkid to egg extracts prevented the separated chromosomes from moving toward the poles. We propose that Xkid provides the metaphase force that pushes chromosome arms toward the equator of the spindle and that its destruction is needed for anaphase chromosome movement.
High‐frequency oscillations and seizure generation in neocortical epilepsy

Neocortical seizures are often poorly localized, explosive and widespread at onset, making them poorly amenable to epilepsy surgery in the absence of associated focal brain lesions. We describe, for the first time in an unselected group of patients with neocortical epilepsy, the finding that high-frequency (60-100 Hz) epileptiform oscillations are highly localized in the seizure onset zone, both before and temporally removed from seizure onset. These findings were observed in all six patients with neocortical epilepsy out of 23 consecutive patients implanted with intracranial electrodes for pre-surgical evaluation during the study period. The majority of seizures (62%) in these patients were anticipated by an increase in high-frequency activity in the 20 min prior to neocortical seizure onset. Contrary to observations in normal brain, high-frequency activity was strongly modulated by behavioural state, and was maximal during slow-wave sleep, which may explain the propensity for neocortical onset seizures to begin during sleep. These findings point to an important role for neuromodulatory circuits, probably involving the thalamus, in mechanisms underlying seizure generation in neocortical epilepsy. These findings demonstrate that high-frequency epileptiform oscillations may prove clinically useful in localizing the seizure onset zone in neocortical epilepsy, for identifying periods of increased probability of seizure onset, and in elucidating mechanisms underlying neocortical ictogenesis. Confirmation that prolonged bursts of high-frequency activity may predict focal onset neocortical seizures will require prospective validation on continuous, prolonged recordings in a larger number of patients. Importantly, the results show that the dynamic range utilized in current clinical practice for localization of epileptogenic brain largely ignores fundamental oscillations that are signatures of an epileptogenic brain. It may prove that many currently available clinical EEG systems and EEG analysis methods utilize a dynamic range that discards clinically important information.
P-SELECTIN SUPPORT OF NEONATAL NEUTROPHIL(PMN) ROLLING IS DIMINISHED UNDER FLOW CONDITIONS: DIFFERENCES IN L-SELECTIN AND P-SELECTIN LIGAND(S). ▴ 1797

P-SELECTIN SUPPORT OF NEONATAL NEUTROPHIL(PMN) ROLLING IS DIMINISHED UNDER FLOW CONDITIONS: DIFFERENCES IN L-SELECTIN AND P-SELECTIN LIGAND(S). ▴ 1797
Implementing Evidence-Based Practice Education in Social Work A Transdisciplinary Approach

Evidence based practice (EBP) is reflected in social work publications, accreditation standards, research, and funding opportunities. However, implementing EBP in social work practice and education has proven challenging, highlighting the need for additional resources. This paper describes the Transdisciplinary Model of EBP, a model based on advances in EBP across health disciplines including social work and its application to the development of an online EBP training portal. Utility of the Transdiciplinary Model and a training portal for social work education is discussed. Also included is a description of the training modules, the Council on Social Work Education Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards competencies reflected in the modules, and a case example using the modules in a master s of social work course.
UNUSUAL SURFACE DISTRIBUTION OF CONCANAVALIN A REFLECTS A CYTOSKELETAL DEFECT IN NEUTROPHILS IN SHWACHMAN'S SYNDROME

Abstract Shwachman's syndrome is characterised by pancreatic insufficiency and frequent infections. Absolute polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) counts are low in many patients, and the PMN show abnormal chemotaxis. It was postulated that a cytoskeletal defect might underlie these abnormalities, and a cytoskeleton-dependent function, the surface distribution and mobility of concanavalin-A receptors, was studied on neutrophils from Shwachman's syndrome patients. Approximately a third of the neutrophils in each patient showed a patched distribution of fluorescein-conjugated concanavalin A (FITC-con A) rather than the usual diffuse staining pattern. These patched neutrophils also bound larger amounts of FITC-con A than diffusely stained or capped PMN from the same patient. Antitubulin treatment did not alter the proportion of patched PMN. These findings suggest that a cytoskeletal defect underlies the patching of FITC-con A on the PMN surface. This defect could also contribute to the abnormal chemotaxis and frequent infections found in Shwachman's syndrome patients.
The Human Footprint: A Global Environmental History

Anthony N. Penna Chichester, Wiley-Blackwell, 2010 xvi+354 pp., ISBN 9781405187718 (£20.99) I was looking forward to reading this book, as I have previously found much inspiration and interest in b...
Loading ramp effects in uniaxial compression creep device

Tissue viscoelastic properties measured by uniaxial compression creep ultrasound method have shown correlation with tissue state. The majority of creep studies assume step-loading conditions, which are analytically convenient but experimentally impossible to implement. The goals of the study were to compare global creep response using a conventional mechanical testing machine to a prototype compression device as well as studying the effects of loading rate in the creep response. A 10% gelatin phantom was tested with the prototype compression device and a commercial mechanical testing machine with a 3 N force held for 30 seconds and loading rates of 3 N/s and 20 N/s. Additionally a Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) was used to characterize the phantom viscoelastic properties. The measured loss tangent with prototype compression device and commercial mechanical testing machine were similar and converged to DMA results as the loading rate was increased.
On the efficiency of pairing heaps and related data structures

The pairing heap is well regarded as an efficient data structure for implementing priority queue operations. It is included in the GNU C++ library. Strikingly simple in design, the pairing heap data structure nonetheless seems difficult to analyze, belonging to the genre of self-adjusting data structures. With its design originating as a self-adjusting analogue of the Fibonacci heap, it has been previously conjectured that the pairing heap provides constrant amortized time decrease-key operations, and experimental studies have supported this conjecture. This paper demonstrates, contrary to conjecture, that the pairing heap requires more than constant amortized time to perform decrease-key operations. Moreover, new experimental findings are presented that reveal detectable growth in the amortized cost of the decrease-key operation.Second, a unifying framework is developed that includes both pairing heaps and Fibonacci heaps. The parameter of interest in this framework is the storage capacity available in the nodes of the data structure for auxiliary balance information fields. In this respect Fibonacci heaps require log log n bits per node when n items are present. This is shown to be asymptotically optimal for data structures that achieve the same asymptotic performance bounds as Fibonacci heaps and fall within this framework.
K 39 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in KMn F 3 and Temperature Dependence of the Generalized Order Parameter at the Structural Phase Transition

The $^{39}\mathrm{K}$ nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectrum in KMn${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ single crystal displays, below the structural phase transition at 186 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, a second-order quadrupole shift of the central line superimposed to the magnetic hyperfine shift. From the analysis of the data the value of the quadrupole coupling constant below ${T}_{C}$ is derived and is shown to be proportional to the square of the rotational displacement parameter for the Mn${\mathrm{F}}_{6}$ octahedra. The temperature dependence of this generalized order parameter below ${T}_{C}$ is described by a critical exponent $\ensuremath{\beta}=\frac{1}{2}$ but shows a renormalization of the transition temperature of about 10% ascribed to large critical fluctuations starting about 15 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K from the transition temperature. Near the transition temperature a critical exponent $\ensuremath{\beta}$ of about $\frac{1}{3}$ is obtained.
Tomography of epidermal growth factor receptor binding to fluorescent Affibody in vivo studied with magnetic resonance guided fluorescence recovery in varying orthotopic glioma sizes

The ability to image targeted tracer binding to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was studied in vivo in orthotopically grown glioma tumors of different sizes. The binding potential was quantified using a dual-tracer approach, which employs a fluorescently labeled peptide targeted to EGFR and a reference tracer with similar pharmacokinetic properties but no specific binding, to estimate the relative bound fraction from kinetic compartment modeling. The recovered values of binding potential did not vary significantly as a function of tumor size (1 to 33 mm3), suggesting that binding potential may be consistent in the U251 tumors regardless of size or stage after implantation. However, the fluorescence yield of the targeted fluorescent tracers in the tumor was affected significantly by tumor size, suggesting that dual-tracer imaging helps account for variations in absolute uptake, which plague single-tracer imaging techniques. Ex vivo analysis showed relatively high spatial heterogeneity in each tumor that cannot be resolved by tomographic techniques. Nonetheless, the dual-tracer tomographic technique is a powerful tool for longitudinal bulk estimation of receptor binding.
Self-Verification Versus Expectancy Confirmation in Social Interaction The Impact of Self-Focus

The joint role of self-verification and expectancy-confirmation processes in social interaction was examined. Targets (selves) who had previously rated themselves as sociable or unsociable engaged in unstructured conversations with perceivers who were given the opposite expectancy about the targets' personality. Situationally manipulated self-awareness and dispositionally measured target self-consciousness were examined as potential moderators. Results indicated that neither side won the battle of beliefs: Perceivers were reluctant to abandon their initial expectancies, and selves were even more resistant to changing their self-conceptions. Negative (unsociable) beliefs, however, were more likely to change than positive beliefs. Self-concept change was most likely to occur among low-sociable targets who were high in public self-consciousness. Behavioral ratings also did not reveal a clear-cut winner, although results were more supportive of expectancy-confirmation predictions.
Multivariate regression as a method for FLIR target detection

I promote using an alternative philosophy for the design of infrared-target-detection algorithms. This philosophy focuses on finding first and eliminating natural clutter from a scene, followed by finding and preserving candidate targets in that scene. The reverse approach is the most common adopted one in the infrared ATR (automatic target recognition) community. This alternative is appealing because it should significantly reduce the amount of out-of-context information to be processed by a classifier. I show how to apply sensor domain knowledge, common sense, and multivariate regression to the problem of infrared target detection. A proof-of-principle experiment and its results are discussed.
Fluorescence spectroscopic studies on the identification and quantification of 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole and dibenz[a,j]acridine metabolites

Fluorescence spectroscopic techniques were developed and employed in the identification and quantitation of the metabolites of the carcinogenic pollutants 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (DBC) and dibenz[a,j]acridine (DBA) after HPLC separation. Metabolites formed in vitro with 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC)-induced Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomal preparations were used as the model for this research. The fluorescence spectra of the three major DBC metabolites matched those of the synthetic standards, 1-OH-, 3-OH- and 5-OH-DBC, respectively. Similarly, the fluorescence spectra of the four major DBA metabolites matched those of the synthetic standards, 1,2-diol-, 3,4-diol-, 5,6-diol- and 5,6-epoxide-DBA, respectively. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) has been especially helpful for the identification of these metabolites since it produces a single peak for each compound. Regression equations of the SFS peak areas versus concentrations of the synthetic standards were used to calculate quantities of the microsomal metabolites from the SFS peak areas of the metabolites. These values were comparable with those quantities calculated from radioactivity measurements. The use of HPLC combined with SFS is a convenient and sensitive non-radiometric method which can be used to identify and quantify DBC and DBA metabolites.
A Tribute to Pam Richards

(2001). A Tribute to Pam Richards. International Information & Library Review: Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 1-2.
Propagation of the myxozoan parasite Myxobolus cerebralis by different geographic and genetic populations of Tubifex tubifex: An Oregon perspective

Tubifex tubifex are obligate invertebrate hosts in the life cycle of Myxobolus cerebralis, the myxozoan parasite that causes whirling disease in salmonid fishes. This exotic parasite is established to varying degrees across Oregon's Columbia River system (Pacific Northwest, USA) and characteristics of local T. tubifex populations likely play a role in the pattern of disease occurrence. To better understand these patterns, we collected T. tubifex from three Oregon river basins (Willamette, Deschutes, and Grande Ronde), determined their genotype (mitochondrial 16S rDNA lineage and RAPD genotype) and exposed 10 different populations to M. cerebralis in the laboratory. Four mt lineages were identified: I, III, V and VI. Lineage III was found in all river basins but dominated both central and eastern sites. The RAPD assay further divided these lineages into geographic sub-populations; no RAPD genotype was common to all basins. There was a significant difference in prevalence of infection and level of parasite production among the populations we exposed to M. cerebralis that was attributed to genotypic composition. Only lineage III worms released actinospores and only populations dominated by this lineage amplified the parasite. These populations had the lowest survival, however, the lineage dominant before exposure remained dominant despite the high prevalence of infection. The distribution and infection dynamics of susceptible T. tubifex throughout Oregon may contribute to the differences in M. cerebralis occurrence; our studies further support the influence of oligochaete genotypes on the manifestation of whirling disease in salmonid populations.
Sites of reaction of Escherichia coli DNA gyrase on pBR322 in vivo as revealed by oxolinic acid-induced plasmid linearization.

Abstract pBR322 DNA, linearized by lysis of an oxolinic acid-treated culture of Escherichia coli strain DK6recA− (pBR322) with sodium dodecyl sulfate, was purified, treated with DNA polymerase in the presence of the four deoxynucleoside triphosphates, and ligated to DNA linkers containing the XhoI recognition sequence. Most of the drug-resistant colonies resulting from transformation of E. coli with this material bore plasmids that appeared by restriction enzyme analysis to differ from pBR322 only by the introduction of an XhoI site. The XhoI sites in plasmids from 93 transformants were distributed unevenly around the pBR322 map. Maxam-Gilbert DNA sequence analysis of 36 of these plasmids, labeled at the 5′ termini of the XhoI sites, revealed that 29 of them contained, in addition to the XhoI linker, a duplication of four base-pairs of the pBR322 sequence surrounding the linker. Therefore, oxolinic acid-induced linearization must have resulted in 5′-terminal extensions of four bases, the configuration known to result from oxolinic acid-induced DNA cleavage by DNA gyrase in vitro. The sequence data thus allowed the determination of the precise point at which linearization occurred, apparently by the abortion of a gyrase-DNA covalent intermediate that existed in vivo. When the 19 different sites of the 29 plasmids were compared, the following set of rules could be derived: where N is any nucleotide, R is a purine, and Y is a pyrimidine. Cleavage occurred at the line between the eighth and ninth positions from the left. The parenthetical G and T were preferred secondarily to T and G, respectively, whereas T and G in the 13th position from the left were equally preferred. Several of these rules are similar to those proposed previously based on several in vitro gyrase cleavage sites. Some of our rules show dyad symmetry around the axis midway between the cleavage points in the two strands, while others are distinctly asymmetric.
Ibn Al-Rifa On the Churches and Synagogues of Cairo'

Mamlūk Egypt witnessed a great degree of pressure on non-Muslims, and saw the conversion of many to Islam. In 1301, riots led to the closure of numerous houses of worship of non-Muslims, an act supported by a fatwā written by Najm al-Dīn ibn al-Rifā. Ibn al-Rifā offered five arguments against maintaining dhimmī houses of worship: (1) non-Muslims seeking to preserve their houses of worship must always be considered plaintiffs, that is, that the burden of proof falls upon them; (2) The contradiction between arguments that there were no synagogues or churches prior to the building of the city and those arguing for preservation based on maintaining existing buildings must be resolved by placing the burden of proof on the dhimmīs; (3) There was no peace agreement in Cairo, a necessary precondition for allowing non-Muslims to retain their houses of worship; (4) Even were there a peace agreement, it would have lapsed; and (5) Dhimmīs must prove they have not contravened individual terms of the treaty, even unrelated to houses of worship. Ibn al-Rifā's fatwā generated much support, but eventually the churches and synagogues were returned to their communities. Nevertheless, it reflects the attitudes of the times and was part of the pressures which led to greater conversion to Islam.