cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Boundary Controllability of Thermoelastic Plates via the Free Boundary Conditions

Controllability properties of a partial differential equation (PDE) model describing a thermoelastic plate are studied. The PDE is composed of a Kirchoff plate equation coupled to a heat equation on a bounded domain, with the coupling taking place on the interior and boundary of the domain. The coupling in this PDE is parameterized by $\alpha >0$. Boundary control is exerted through the (two) free boundary conditions of the plate equation and through the Robin boundary condition of the temperature. These controls have the physical interpretation of inserted forces and moments and prescribed temperature, respectively, all of which act on the edges of the plate. The main result here is that under such boundary control, and with initial data in the basic space of well-posedness, one can simultaneously control the displacement of the plate exactly and the temperature approximately. Moreover, the thermal control may be taken to be arbitrarily smooth in time and space, and the thermal control region may be any nonempty subset of the boundary. This controllability holds for arbitrary values of the coupling parameter $\alpha $, with the optimal controllability time in line with that seen for uncoupled Kirchoff plates.
Domain-growth kinetics for the Q-state Potts model in two and three dimensions

We present new simulations of the domain-growth kinetics for the Q-state Potts model in two and three dimensions. The time dependence of the average grain radius R\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} can be described by R\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}\ensuremath{\simeq}${\mathrm{Bt}}^{n}$, where B is a temperature-dependent constant. In two dimensions, we find n=0.49\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 for a range of Q values from 2 to 48. This value of n is obtained from very long simulations on lattices up to size ${1000}^{2}$ and is in contrast to our earlier estimates for n which were less than (1/2 (n\ensuremath{\simeq}0.41\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01) for large Q. In three dimensions on lattices of size ${100}^{3}$, we find that n=0.48\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04 if early-time data are excluded from the fit to the kinetic data but smaller if the entire data set is used. The grain-size distribution for several values of Q in both two and three dimensions is also determined and compared with our results for grain growth in real polycrystalline materials.
Reperfusion Therapy in the Acute Management of Ischemic Stroke

Reperfusion, or restoration of blood flow, is an effective means of reducing disability in the setting of acute stroke. Reperfusion therapies, such as intravenous thrombolysis or endovascular and interventional procedures, fit within the existing stroke system of care. There are currently 4 devices cleared by the Food and Drug Administration for recanalization of arterial occlusion in patients with ischemic stroke. Endovascular device technology and advanced imaging technology continue to evolve with newer devices suggesting greater recanalization success. A new paradigm using advanced imaging to select patients in combination with newer devices is being tested and may lead to great improvements in care.
Effect of Bed Sand Content on the Turbulent Flows Associated with Clusters on an Armored Gravel Bed Surface

AbstractAs a gravel bed river armors, a bed surface often develops clusters as part of its structure. The influence of sand on armoring and the impact of clusters on the surrounding flow processes were investigated through flume experiments. Armored beds were created from four different sediments, which progressively increased from 1–38% sand in the bed sediment, extending from gravel framework to sand matrix beds. Turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and xz-direction Reynolds stress calculated from velocity profiles showed the clusters increased turbulence and induced formation of recirculation cells. Similar recirculation cells formed downstream of every cluster, but the strength and orientation of these cells varied with bed condition. The increase in sediment sand content and change in bed condition from gravel framework to sand matrix correlated to an increase in the energy and momentum in the recirculation cell but a reduction in cluster influence across the flow profile. Results show that the sand conten...
The role of mutations in epigenetic regulators in myeloid malignancies

Over the past decade, genomic studies have identified a number of novel and recurrent somatic mutations that affect epigenetic patterning in patients with myeloid malignancies, including myeloproliferative neoplasms, myelodysplastic syndrome, and acute myeloid leukemia. Many of these mutations occur in genes with established roles in the regulation and maintenance of DNA methylation and/or chromatin modifications in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Subsequent genetic and functional studies have revealed that these mutations affect epigenetic patterning in myeloid diseases. In this review, we discuss historical and recent studies implicating epigenetic modifiers in the development and evolution of the various myeloid malignancies and discuss how this knowledge has and will lead to future clinical and biologic insights.
SEASONAL MIGRATION AND FLIGHT OF THE PEA LEAF WEEVIL, SITONA LINEATUS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) IN NORTHERN IDAHO AND EASTERN WASHINGTON1

Sitona lineatus flight patterns in the pea growing region of northern Idaho and eastern Washington were monitored with omnidirectional sticky traps from 1974 to 1976. Trapping sites ranged in altitude from 256–1006 m. Flight occurred from April to September in all years of study, but spring migration occurred at approximately the same time at all trapping sites within each year of the study. Late-summer migration by new generation adults did not occur at nearly the same time for each study site over the 3 years of the study, but appeared to follow the maturity of peas. RESUME MIGRATION SAISONNIERE ET VOL DU CHARANCON DES FEUILLES DU POIS, SITONA LINEATUS, DANS L'IDAHO DU NORD ET WASHINGTON ORIENTAL Les caracteristiques du vol de Sitona lineatus dans la zone de culture du Pois du Nord de Idaho et de l'Est de Washington ont ete examinees aves des pieges omnidirectionnels de 1974 a 1976. Les lieux de piegeages se situaient entre 256 et 1006 m. Les migrations printanieres dans toutes les localites se sont produites a peu pres a la meme epoque chaque annee, independamment de la date de semis des pois, de leur phenologie, de la densite de population de Sitona lineatus ou du temps. Les migrations estivales tardives des adultes de la nouvelle generation n'ont pas eu lieu toujours a la meme epoque chaque annee dans toutes les localites mais suivant la maturite des pois. Les pieges s'etageaient entre 61 et 183 cm. Aux periodes de vols les plus importantes, plus d'adultes etaient captures aux niveaux les plus eleves alors qu'aux autres periodes, les captures etaient a peu pres les memes a tous les niveaux. Ces resultats conduisent a la conclusion qu'il y a une veritable migration chez Sitona lineatus.
Optimizing conditions for tobacco BY-2 cell cycle synchronization

Tobacco BY-2 cells have become a major tool in plant cell biological research, in part due to the availability of a cell cycle synchronization protocol. This method, pioneered by Nagata and coworkers, involves sequential treatments with aphidicolin (a DNA synthesis inhibitor) and propyzamide (a microtubule inhibitor which arrests mitosis). The effects of these inhibitors are reversible, allowing the cell culture to progress into M phase synchronously. However, attempts to reproduce high levels of synchrony with published protocols have not been uniformly successful. This paper describes critical parameters for cell cycle synchronization and documents the kinetics and variation typically found in using this protocol.
Verbal priming and taste sensitivity make moral transgressions gross.

The aims of the present study were to assess whether: (a) visceral and moral disgust share a common oral origin (taste); (b) moral transgressions that are also viscerally involving are evaluated accordingly as a function of individual differences in taste sensitivity; (c) verbal priming interacts with taste sensitivity to alter how disgust is experienced in moral transgressions; and (d) whether gender moderates these effects. Standard tests of disgust sensitivity, a questionnaire developed for this research assessing different types of moral transgressions (nonvisceral, implied-visceral, visceral) with the terms “angry” and “grossedout,” and a taste sensitivity test of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) were administered to 102 participants. Results confirmed past findings that the more sensitive to PROP a participant was the more disgusted they were by visceral, but not moral, disgust elicitors. Importantly, the findings newly revealed that taste sensitivity had no bearing on evaluations of moral transgressions, regardless of their visceral nature, when “angry” was the emotion primed. However, when “grossed-out” was primed for evaluating moral violations, the more intense PROP tasted to a participant the more “grossed-out” they were by all transgressions. Women were generally more disgust sensitive and morally condemning than men, but disgust test, transgression type, and priming scale modulated these effects. The present findings support the proposition that moral and visceral disgust do not share a common oral origin, but show that linguistic priming can transform a moral transgression into a viscerally repulsive event and that susceptibility to this priming varies as a function of an individual’s sensitivity to the origins of visceral disgust—bitter taste.
Zigzag Electrodes for Suppressing the Color Shift of Kerr Effect-Based Liquid Crystal Displays

The electro-optic properties of Kerr effect based liquid crystal display (LCD) with zigzag electrode structure are studied using a three-dimensional simulator. The optimal bending angle of the zigzag in-plane switching (IPS) electrodes is found to be 90° , which is different from the conventional strip electrodes. Although the zigzag structure exhibits a slightly lower transmittance than the strip IPS electrodes, it significantly suppresses the color shift while providing a relatively wide viewing angle.
Association of declining red pine stands with reduced populations of bark beetle predators, seasonal increases in root colonizing insects, and incidence of root pathogens

Abstract Declining red pine, Pinus resinosa (Aitman), stands in the Great Lakes region appear to arise from a complex of biotic and abiotic factors. We monitored stem and root colonizing beetles in declining and healthy plantations in Wisconsin from 1997 to 1999. We also conducted systematic field excavations and laboratory isolations of various root pathogens. Multiple funnel traps were baited with the synthetic aggregation pheromones of the two most common bark beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) species in the region, Ips pini (Say) and Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff). Lower-stem flight traps were baited with 1:1 (+)-α-pinene:75% ethanol, and pitfall traps were baited with 1:1 (−)-α-pinene:75% ethanol. Healthy stands had higher populations of predators, particularly Thanasimus dubius (F.) (Coleoptera: Cleridae), Platysoma cylindrica (Paykull) (Coleoptera: Histeridae), and Platysoma parallelum Say than declining stands. Seasonal abundance patterns of predators and Ips also varied between declining and healthy stands. Declining stands had higher numbers of Ips and lower numbers of predators early in the season, whereas healthy stands had higher predator populations in the early season. Declining stands had more lower stem infesting bark beetles Dendroctonus valens LeConte (Scolytidae) and weevils (Curculionidae) Pissodes spp. Surprisingly, healthy stands had more root weevils, Hylobius pales (Herbst) and Hylobius radicis Buchanan, and root bark beetle Hylastes porculus Erichson, over the entire season. However, spatial by temporal patterns again were important. Populations of root colonizing insects were higher in healthy stands early in the season, but higher in declining stands throughout much of the ovipositional period. These results suggest dispersal patterns and overwintering behaviors are important in the interactions among herbivores, predators, and host plant condition in Red Pine Decline. The principal fungi isolated from roots were Leptographium procerum (Kendr.) Wingfield and Leptographium terebrantis Barras & Perry. These were more prevalent in declining than healthy stands. Staining fungi were more frequently isolated from roots of trees at the pocket margin than from trees in the asymptomatic portion of declining stands. Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. was not isolated from root samples or stem disks, despite 40% recovery in positive controls using the latter method. Likewise, Armillaria spp. were not associated with declining plantations. Our results further support the view that forest declines are due to complex interactions among multiple biotic and abiotic stresses, and exhibit particular spatial and temporal patterns.
Time-scaled electrical networks. Properties and applications in the design of programmable analog filters

In this paper, we discuss the properties of time-scaled electrical networks. Two specific ways of implementing scaled linear networks, constant conductance scaling and constant-capacitance scaling, are reviewed along with their noise properties. We then extend time scaling to nonlinear networks. We show that constant-capacitance scaled networks are optimal with respect to noise and dynamic range, irrespective of the scaling factor.
Yeast ortholog of the Drosophila crooked neck protein promotes spliceosome assembly through stable U4/U6.U5 snRNP addition.

Mutants in the Drosophila crooked neck (crn) gene show an embryonic lethal phenotype with severe developmental defects. The unusual crn protein consists of sixteen tandem repeats of the 34 amino acid tetratricopeptide (TPR) protein recognition domain. Crn-like TPR elements are found in several RNA processing proteins, although it is unknown how the TPR repeats or the crn protein contribute to Drosophila development. We have isolated a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene, CLF1, that encodes a crooked neck-like factor. CLF1 is an essential gene but the lethal phenotype of a clf1::HIS3 chromosomal null mutant can be rescued by plasmid-based expression of CLF1 or the Drosophila crn open reading frame. Clf1p is required in vivo and in vitro for pre-mRNA 5' splice site cleavage. Extracts depleted of Clf1p arrest spliceosome assembly after U2 snRNP addition but prior to productive U4/U6.U5 association. Yeast two-hybrid analyses and in vitro binding studies show that Clf1p interacts specifically and differentially with the U1 snRNP-Prp40p protein and the yeast U2AF65 homolog, Mud2p. Intriguingly, Prp40p and Mud2p also bind the phylogenetically conserved branchpoint binding protein (BBP/SF1). Our results indicate that Clf1p acts as a scaffolding protein in spliceosome assembly and suggest that Clf1p may support the cross-intron bridge during the prespliceosome-to-spliceosome transition.
High-speed addressable confocal microscopy for functional imaging of cellular activity

Due to cellular complexity, studying fast signaling in neurons is often limited by: 1. the number of sites that can be simultaneously probed with conventional tools, such as patch pipettes, and 2. the recording speed of imaging tools, such as confocal or multiphoton microscopy. To overcome these spatiotemporal limitations, we develop an addressable confocal microscope that permits concurrent optical recordings from multiple user-selected sites of interest at high frame rates. Our system utilizes acousto-optic deflectors (AODs) for rapid positioning of a focused laser beam and a digital micromirror device (DMD) for addressable spatial filtering to achieve confocality. A registration algorithm synchronizes the AODs and DMD such that point illumination and point detection are always colocalized in conjugate image planes. The current system has an adjustable spatial resolution of approximately 0.5 to 1 microm. Furthermore, we show that recordings can be made at an aggregate frame rate of approximately 40 kHz. The system is capable of optical sectioning; this property is used to create 3-D reconstructions of fluorescently labeled test specimens and visualize neurons in brain slices. Additionally, we use the system to record intracellular calcium transients at several sites in hippocampal neurons using the fluorescent calcium indicator Oregon Green BAPTA-1.
Identification of CHIP, a Novel Tetratricopeptide Repeat-Containing Protein That Interacts with Heat Shock Proteins and Negatively Regulates Chaperone Functions

The chaperone function of the mammalian 70-kDa heat shock proteins Hsc70 and Hsp70 is modulated by physical interactions with four previously identified chaperone cofactors: Hsp40, BAG-1, the Hsc70-interacting protein Hip, and the Hsc70-Hsp90-organizing protein Hop. Hip and Hop interact with Hsc70 via a tetratricopeptide repeat domain. In a search for additional tetratricopeptide repeat-containing proteins, we have identified a novel 35-kDa cytoplasmic protein, carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP). CHIP is highly expressed in adult striated muscle in vivo and is expressed broadly in vitro in tissue culture. Hsc70 and Hsp70 were identified as potential interaction partners for this protein in a yeast two-hybrid screen. In vitro binding assays demonstrated direct interactions between CHIP and both Hsc70 and Hsp70, and complexes containing CHIP and Hsc70 were identified in immunoprecipitates of human skeletal muscle cells in vivo. Using glutathione S-transferase fusions, we found that CHIP interacted with the carboxy-terminal residues 540 to 650 of Hsc70, whereas Hsc70 interacted with the amino-terminal residues 1 to 197 (containing the tetratricopeptide domain and an adjacent charged domain) of CHIP. Recombinant CHIP inhibited Hsp40-stimulated ATPase activity of Hsc70 and Hsp70, suggesting that CHIP blocks the forward reaction of the Hsc70-Hsp70 substrate-binding cycle. Consistent with this observation, both luciferase refolding and substrate binding in the presence of Hsp40 and Hsp70 were inhibited by CHIP. Taken together, these results indicate that CHIP decreases net ATPase activity and reduces chaperone efficiency, and they implicate CHIP in the negative regulation of the forward reaction of the Hsc70-Hsp70 substrate-binding cycle.
Teenagers, behavioral problems, and preferences for heavy metal and rap music: A case study of a southern middle school.

The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between musical preference, commitment to popular music and behavior problems of teenagers in an optional middle school. This research tested three hypotheses. 1) Musical preference is related to race, 2) Musical preference can predict behavior problems, and, 3) Commitment to popular music, measured in hours, can predict behavior problems. Data were gathered from a survey distributed to 80 students, school records, and participant observation. Results indicated that musical preference can predict race but can not predict identification as a behavior problem. Commitment to particular types of popular music did not predict behavior problems.
Management of Pediatric Intestinal Failure

Patients and families suffering from intestinal failure are exposed daily to physical, emotional, and fiscal burdens that result in an immeasurable amount of distress [1]. Intestinal failure occurs in these patients because of an inability of their bowel to meet fluid and/or nutritional needs required to sustain normal physiology and growth without parenteral nutritional support. In children, short-bowel syndrome (SBS) is the major cause of intestinal failure and results from both congenital disorders and extensive surgical resection. The common causes of SBS include intestinal atresia, abdominal wall defects (primarily gastroschisis), intestinal volvulus, long-segment Hirschsprung disease, complicated meconium ileus, and necrotizing enterocolitis (30% of cases and the most common cause). Of all pediatric SBS, 80% occurs during the neonatal period. Data on the incidence and mortality related to SBS are sparse. A recent cohort of very low and extremely low birth weight neonates at 16 tertiary centers in the United States demonstrated incidences of SBS at 0.7% and 1.1%, respectively, although this excluded cases in term infants [2]. Given the increase in the overall number and survival of these at-risk patients, it is logical to assume that the overall number of pediatric SBS will continue to increase as well. Mortality in this population of patients occurs in a bimodal fashion, with the first peak corresponding to infants who undergo massive initial bowel resections and a later peak corresponding to complications of SBS, namely central venous catheter sepsis and intestinal failure–associated liver disease (IFALD). Survival rates for children with SBS have been quoted as 73% to 89%, with lower rates in patients requiring chronic total parenteral nutrition (TPN) [3–6]. Recently, the development of formal multidisciplinary programs has greatly improved the care provided to these patients by reducing both the morbidity and mortality associated with intestinal failure [7]. In general, these programs
Field independence and the free-recall of nonsense syllables.

40 Ss were classified as either field independent or field dependent and then randomly assigned to one of four free-recall learning situations which were varied in terms of mode of item presentation and item meaningfulness. A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment was carried out. The hypothesized Field Independence × Meaningfulness and Field Independence × Mode of Presentation interactions were not significant, but significant main effects were found for Field Independence (p < .05), Meaningfulness (p < .01) and Mode of Presentation (p < .05). It was concluded that lists of nonsense syllables high in intra-list similarity form embedding contexts analogous to the contexts presented in the Embedded Figures Test.
Center-of-inattention: Position biases in decision-making

Abstract This paper examines centrality of physical position as a cue that leads to systematic biases in people’s decisions to retain or eliminate a participant from a group. Termed the “center-stage” effect, we argue that people use their belief that “important people sit in the middle” as a schematic cue that they substitute for individuating performance information for individuals who occupy central positions when the goal is to eliminate all but one of the group members. This leads to the errors of those in center-positions being overlooked: or making them the “centers-of-inattention.” Study 1 examines people’s lay beliefs regarding positions using two stylized placement tasks (a group interview and classroom seating scenarios). These suggest that people believe that more attention is paid to those in the center than those on the extremes. Study 2 tests the center-stage effect using observational data from a real television show, The Weakest Link. Results show that players assigned at random to central positions are more likely to win the game than those in extreme positions. Study 3, a laboratory experiment manipulating attention paid to the game shows that observers overlook the errors of players in the center to a greater extent than the errors of players in extreme positions. Study 4 replicates the game in the laboratory with direct process measures to show that players playing the game make the same error. Study 5 shows that in a stylized group interview setting, participants who believe that “important people sit in the middle” find the performance of candidates in the extreme position easier to recall than the performance of those in the central position, and are more likely to choose them. Study 6 shows that the “center-stage” effects are weaker when the end-game rule allows for two (vs one) contestants to be retained. Overall results converge to show that the use of the “center-stage” heuristic substitutes for the effortful processing of individuating information, leading to a biased (favorable) assessment of people in the center. Implications for decision-making are discussed.
Hippocampal administration of chondroitinase ABC increases plaque-adjacent synaptic marker and diminishes amyloid burden in aged APPswe/PS1dE9 mice

Substantial data has shown that the lectican group of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans are involved in inhibition of axonal plasticity in response to injury in the central nervous system. Increasing evidence indicates that lecticans may also play a role in synaptic plasticity related to memory, especially associated with aging. A recent study has shown that lectican expression is elevated at a young age in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and hippocampal treatment with chondroitinase ABC reversed a loss of contextual fear memory and restored long-term potentiation. The purpose of this study was to examine the presence of a synaptic lectican in AD tissue, determine if amyloid-β (Aβ) binds to lecticans purified from brain tissue, and examine how treatment of the same AD model with chondroitinase ABC would influence plaque burden and the density of the synaptic marker synaptophysin around plaques. In human superior frontal gyrus, levels of the brain-specific lectican, brevican, were significantly elevated in AD compared to non-cognitively impaired subjects, with a trend toward an increase in tissue from subjects with mild cognitive impairment. In vitro immunoprecipitation studies showed that brevican binds to oligomeric and fibrillar Aβ1-42, and less so to monomeric Aβ1-42. Intrahippocampal injection of 15 months APPswe/PS1dE9 mice with chondroitinase ABC resulted in a reduction of Aβ burden in the stratum lacunosum moleculare and a reversal of the loss of synaptic density surrounding plaques in the same region. It is possible that lecticans, particularly brevican, inhibit synaptic plasticity in this model of AD. Since the hippocampus undergoes changes in synaptic plasticity early in the disease process, it could be possible that removal of lecticans or inhibition of their signaling pathways could prolong plasticity in patients early in the disease process, and delay cognitive decline of AD progression.
CAESAR: a system for case based software reuse

The authors show how the compositional software reuse approach can be fruitfully cast in the case-based reasoning (CBR) paradigm. Any CBR system in which the cases are software artifacts must rely on software-specific concepts to provide adequate knowledge representation. However, the fact that these software artifacts can be executed on a computer should yield stronger results than could be expected from generic CBR. The CAESAR system relies on advanced data flow analysis concepts for its representation of knowledge about software modules. Cases and their fragments are retrieved and adapted to solve new problems. The new cases which result are executed on system-generated test sets to evaluate the results of CBR. >
Genetic Risk Factors for Longitudinal Changes in Structural MRI in Former Organolead Workers

This study examined associations between polymorphisms in three genes, apolipoprotein E (APOE), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), and vitamin D receptor (VDR), and longitudinal change in brain volumes and white matter lesions (WML) as well as effect modification by cardiovascular factors and tibia lead concentrations. Two MRIs, an average of 5 years apart, were obtained for 317 former organolead workers and 45 population-based controls. Both regions-of-interest and voxel-wise analyses were conducted. APOE e3/e4 and e4/e4 genotypes were associated with less decline in white matter volumes. There was some evidence of interaction between genetic polymorphisms and cardiovascular risk factors (ACE and high-density lipoprotein; VDR and diabetes) on brain volume decline. The VDR FokI ff genotype was associated with an increase in WML (no association for APOE or ACE). This study expands our understanding of how genetic precursors of dementia and cardiovascular diseases are related to changes in brain structure.
Spontaneous Deterioration of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia to Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia in the Absence of Heart Disease

Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is usually associated with a good prognosis. This is a case of a 57-year woman who presented with supraventricular tachycardia that spontaneously deteriorated to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PVT). The PVT terminated without treatment after 16 seconds. Extensive cardiac evaluation including echocardiography, stress testing, coronary angiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging did not reveal any structural heart disease. Electrophysiology testing demonstrated typical AVNRT which was successfully treated with cryoablation. The clinical ventricular tachycardia could not be reproduced despite the use of an aggressive induction protocol and isoproterenol. Postablation, exercise treadmill testing did not provoke any tachyarrhythmia. The patient is doing well 13 months later. In summary, we present the rare finding of a moderately fast, typical AVNRT degenerating to a long run of PVT, in the absence of any detectable heart disease or other etiology for PVT.
Ocelot Awareness among Latinos on the Texas and Tamaulipas Border

Knowledge about wildlife represents a critical component of conservation. Although several variables (e.g., gender, education, length of residency) predict components of wildlife knowledge, previous research on the topic has rarely included multivariate analysis and has not focused on Latinos, the largest ethnic minority in the United States. We addressed this gap with a survey assessing the ability of residents on the Texas–Tamaulipas border to identify an ocelot. Few residents (13%, n = 402) could identify an ocelot. Males, those with higher education and income levels, longer-term residents, and residents owning rural and agricultural properties were most likely to identify ocelots correctly. These results suggest wildlife education and extension activities in borderland communities should target females, new residents, and residential property owners. Future research should address the extent these findings apply for Latino populations outside borderland contexts.
Angle accuracy improvement using DMC randomization for phased array

It is shown that, as an alternative to using cable randomization, decorrelation can be obtained by randomizing the element phase settings at one half of the LSB value. As demonstrated in computer simulations for both methods, this randomization is not only more accurate than cable randomization; it can also be obtained cost-free in most modern phased arrays. To decorrelate the quantization error using DMC (distributed modular controller) randomization, a random number stored in a DMC register is added to DMC's phase shift calculation. The maximum value of this random number is one-half of the phase shifter LSB. The lower bound for the LSB of this random number is equal to the LSB of the DMC. Therefore, the number of bits in this random number is equal to or less than the difference between the DMC word length and the number of bits in the phase shifter. The choice of randomization bit length is affected by tradeoffs involving DMC cost and throughput and array pointing accuracy. Some of these tradeoffs are summarized for a 16-b DMC. >
Nonprofessional Hospital Workers and a Union Organizing Drive

Introduction, 372; research perspective, 373; the hospital setting, 374. — I. The organizing campaign; pre-strike developments, 374; the strike, 376; factors leading to union defeat, 379. — II. Analysis of behavior; simple correlation, 380; motivating forces, 385. — III. Conclusion, 397. — Appendix A, 402. — Appendix B, 403.
Biosynthesis and antioxidant function of glutathione in plants

Le glutathion est synthetise aussi bien par les chloroplastes que par le cytosol. Avec l'ascorbate, il protege les macromolecules contre l'oxydation pouvant resulter de stress tels que les temperatures extremes, la secheresse, les herbicides, les polluants atmospheriques
Abstract W P62: Rapidly Improving Stroke Symptoms (RISS): A Prospective, Pilot Study

Background: “Rapidly Improving Stroke Symptoms” (RISS) is a controversial exclusion criterion for tPA treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Prior studies suggest 20-30% of those excluded from tPA solely because of RISS have poor outcomes. Objectives: (1) To estimate frequency and magnitude of RISS using prespecified RISS definitions; (2) To explore how different RISS definitions predict clinical outcome. Methods: A prospective, observational, pilot study of AIS patients presenting within 4.5 hours of symptoms. After informed consent, subjects were administered serial NIH Stroke Scales (NIHSS) by certified examiners every 20 (±5) minutes until a treatment decision (tPA vs no-tPA) was made by the treating physician, independently from the study. RISS was calculated as baseline NIHSS (bNIHSS) - treatment decision NIHSS (tdNIHSS). Definitions of RISS (based on prior literature and expert consensus) were: (1) change in NIHSS score ≥ 4 point improvement (IMP) or (2) % change in NIHSS score (a) ≥ 25% or (b) ≥ 50% IMP. Good outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS)=0-1 at 3-month post stroke. Logistic regression was used to determine if definition(s) of RISS predicted good outcome. Results: Fifty AIS: mean age 65 yrs (±15 SD); male 56%; black 78%; prior stroke/TIA 28%; median bNIHSS score 8(IQR 2,11); before treatment decision was made, 2 serial NIHSS scores were obtained for the entire cohort, 3 scores in 26/50 (52%); median tdNIHSS score 5 (IQR 2,9); treated with tPA 23/50(46%). Frequency of RISS varied based on definition used: 10% for ≥ 4 point IMP, 22% for ≥ 25% IMP, and 12% for ≥ 50% IMP. In the overall cohort, 42% of patients had good outcomes: 17/27 (63%) not treated with tPA (bNIHSS 3; IQR 2,5) vs 6/23 (26%) treated with tPA (bNIHSS 9;IQR 5,15), p=0.02. There was a difference in tdNIHSS between those not given tPA (2;IQR 1,4) and those given tPA (8;IQR 6,13), p Conclusions: Our prospective, pilot data suggest that a serial NIHSS assessment prior to treatment decision is feasible and may help determine the frequency and magnitude of RISS for larger studies. In our cohort, AIS patients improved approximately 3 points on the NIHSS from baseline to tPA treatment decision.
Effective utilization and evaluation of indigenous health care workers.

The use of indigenous health workers (IHCWs) were key elements in community health care programs in the US in the 1960s providing health education child care parenting education and patient advocacy. A project at the Institute of Maternal and Child Health at Wayne State University employs indigenous paraprofessional health advocates as a case management strategy. The program identifies pregnant women who are not receiving prenatal care and infants who are at risk of poor health outcomes recruits these women and children into established public and private health care agencies and facilitates their use of health and social services. The development and implementation of programs using IHCWs are described in 4 stages: recruitment and selection training supervision staff development and evaluation. A model of program evaluation action research is proposed as an evaluation strategy that assesses the processes and outcomes of providing health services by indigenous paraprofessionals. It integrates empirical research into ongoing programs monitors the programs progress and assesses the programs outcomes. General characteristics of the action research paradigm applied to the evaluation of IHCWs are that: 1) evaluation is an ongoing process at all stages of program operations; 2) the evaluation of a programs use of IHCWs is in the context of the community it serves and its use of health services; 3) it identifies the elements for meeting the goals and objectives of the program; 4) assessing the clients perception of his/her community and the notion of co-existing in a distinct community with IHCWs; 5) the clients evaluation of the relationship with the IHCW; and 6) continually assessing the quality of health services by monitoring the views of professionals and IHCW. Issues in evaluating the provision of services by IHCWs include identifying the contribution of program elements to service outcomes; the need to continuously review program outcomes to guide revisions in service delivery; and the need to provide the programs different audiences with information regarding services and outcomes. Continuation of a project may depend on how indigenousness is associated with cost savings.
Evidence of Nematicity in K0.8Fe1.7Se2

It has been proposed that the superconducting state of K0.8Fe1.7Se2 is phase separated from a non-superconducting magnetic state. The results from a recent neutron diffraction study on a single crystal of K0.8Fe1.7Se2 provide evidence for a continuous transition between the I4/m m m high temperature phase in which the Fe vacancies are randomly distributed and the I4/m vacancy ordered phase in the temperature range between T C and T S. Upon cooling, the I4/m phase becomes more populated, increasing the $\sqrt {5}\times \sqrt {5}\times 1$ superlattice structure, resulting in an enhancement of the (101) superlattice peak. The same temperature dependence is observed for the magnetic peak as well. Moreover, due to the Fe site splitting with the transition, its z-coordinate fluctuates, and so must the d x z and d y z orbitals. The orbital fluctuations couple to the magnetic ordering as seen here and may lead to a realization of nematic order in this system.
Asset Class Liquidity Risk

This paper studies liquidity risk, as measured by the covariation of returns with unexpected changes in aggregate liquidity, across 106 indices covering global equity, industry sectors, fixed income, and hedge funds. Roughly 20% of all sample indices, and over 50% of hedge-fund indices, display a significant exposure to liquidity risk. The annualized cross-sectional liquidity risk premium is estimated at about 2%. The results are robust to various controls and methodological choices. Practical implications for risk management and asset allocation are discussed. Investors with relatively short investment horizons may find it useful to hedge liquidity risk by acquiring low-liquidity-beta assets, while long-run investors may consider increasing liquidity-risk exposures to earn the associated risk premium.
Rigid-Rod And Segmented Rigid-Rod Polyimides: GEL/SOL And Liquid Crystalline Transitions, Fibers And Films

Organo-soluble rigid-rod and segmented rigid-rod polyimides and their copolyimides exhibit isotropic solutions in hot m-cresol, but form gels upon cooling. A lyotropic liquid crystal phase is observed below the gel/sol transition. Mechanical gel formation is caused by liquid-liquid phase separation, while the liquid crystal phase may be formed through a nucleation process after gelation. High performance fibers can be spun from the hot isotropic solutions using a dry-jet wet spinning method. After the fibers are drawn at high temperatures, they display tensile strength higher than 3.2 GPa and an initial modulus higher than 130 GPa. In particular, the fibers retain relatively high mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. Solution casted films exhibit very low thermal expansion coefficients and dielectric constants. Their structure, morphology and property relationships will also be discussed.
Radioautographic analysis of soluble antigen-antibody complexes separable by paper electrophoresis.

SummaryA radioautographic technic with a sensitivity many times greater than conventional staining methods is described for evaluation of paper electrophoretic studies of soluble antigen-antibody complexes. Electrophoretic mobilities of BSA-anti BSA soluble complexes relative to rabbit serum proteins are reported with a semi-quantitative analysis of percentage concentration for each of the complexes at various values of antigen excess.
Holographic Fabrication of Designed Functional Defect Lines in Photonic Crystal Lattice Using a Spatial Light Modulator

We report the holographic fabrication of designed defect lines in photonic crystal lattices through phase engineering using a spatial light modulator (SLM). The diffracted beams from the SLM not only carry the defect’s content but also the defect related phase-shifting information. The phase-shifting induced lattice shifting in photonic lattices around the defects in three-beam interference is less than the one produced by five-beam interference due to the alternating shifting in lattice in three beam interference. By designing the defect line at a 45 degree orientation and using three-beam interference, the defect orientation can be aligned with the background photonic lattice, and the shifting is only in one side of the defect line, in agreement with the theory. Finally, a new design for the integration of functional defect lines in a background phase pattern reduces the relative phase shift of the defect and utilizes the different diffraction efficiency between the defect line and background phase pattern. We demonstrate that the desired and functional defect lattice can be registered into the background lattice through the direct imaging of designed phase patterns.
Philip Roth’s Postmodern Judaism: Retold Religious Stories of Suffering in American Pastoral

ABSTRACTThis article considers religious references and biblically informed narrative strategies in Philip Roth’s American Pastoral. In the novel, Roth complicates the divide between Judaism and atheism via a retelling of biblical narratives that contemplate human suffering and provide reason to doubt God: the story of man’s fall and the story of Job. In writing about his Adam- and Job-like protagonist, Seymore Levov, Roth critiques both faithlessness and faith and shows value in seeing beyond or between binaristic extremes. He also underscores biblical narrative’s capacity to relate with postmodern ways of thinking about history and religion. Hence American Pastoral represents Roth’s return to Judaism of a sort. Ultimately, for Roth, retelling and struggling with biblical narrative enables the negotiation of Jewish and postmodern identities, resolves suffering, and reveals means by which seemingly irreconcilable ideologies can intermingle, inform one another, and even unearth liminal spaces for commonali...
Perceived Self-Efficacy, Cultural Values, and Coping Styles among Chinese Families of Children with Autism.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive developmental disorder that has grown in prevalence over the past few decades and has a tremendous impact on families that struggle with adjustment to this disorder. Initial exposure to such a disorder may be a significant source of stress and tribulation for Chinese families who are not accustomed to mental health discourse and related services in the health arena and surrounding community. Little is known of how Chinese parents cope when raising children with ASD. The purpose of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of ways that Chinese families cope with stress when they have a child diagnosed with ASD. Seven Chinese families with children between the ages of 2 and 5 who were diagnosed with ASD participated in this qualitative study. Results may guide assessment and intervention for professionals who work with Chinese families within clinical, school, health, and community settings. Thematic analyses explored factors contributing to parental stre...
Fetal heart rate analysis by hierarchical dirichlet process mixture models

In this paper, we propose to analyze fetal heart rate (FHR) signals by hierarchical Dirichlet process (HDP) mixture models. We investigate whether the clustering results of real-world FHR time series obtained by these models are informative in terms of determining the health status of a fetus. The FHR signals are divided into two groups, healthy and unhealthy, according to the umbilical arterial blood pH values of the fetuses. We computed the frequencies of clusters appearing in each of the groups, and applied the MannWhitney U test to compare the frequencies. The results showed that the frequencies of appearance of certain clusters are statistically significantly different across the two groups. This indicates that certain clusters may relate to pathological fetal heart rate patterns.
Interrogative Inquiry as Defeasible Reasoning

This paper presents an account of interrogative inquiry based on defeasible inference rules. With any such account, the main issue is the proper identification of the class of conclusions that are warranted on the basis of a set of such rules. In particular, the main formal features that any such account needs to satisfy are identified, and two different approaches are presented, the second one of which satisfactorily meets all desired properties. The approach is based on the author’s previous work on defeasible logics.
Agrarian Terrorism Confounds the Atlantic Community, 1870–1882

Irish terrorism was not exclusively a Fenian vocation nor was it limited to sensational, spectacular attacks like the Clerkenwell explosion. Throughout the prolonged struggle against British hegemony in Ireland, peasantry agitation has manifested various modes and even the decline of Fenianism after Clerkenwell did not mean an end to politically or socially inspired violence. The diminishment of Fenianism and nationalist violence did not restore peace—an equally aggressive and more lethal terrorism consumed much of Irish society for over a decade occupying considerable attention of British imperial officials. By the late 1860s and intermittently throughout the 1870s Ireland endured dire economic conditions resulting from poor harvests that were compounded by intractable political grievances from the absence of local self-government among the peasantry. These conditions fostered widespread social discontent and persuaded the most desperate to implement a form of rural terrorism, commonly referred to as agrarianism. Retributive violence from personal animosities among the lower classes was certainly a component of the land agitation, but agrarianism was a broad social movement embodied by much of the peasantry and supported by a substantial portion of the Irish intelligentsia and upper-class reacting to the loss of local autonomy. The land movement included a salient political dynamic, conveyed through legal and constitutional means, but by the 1870s, agrarianism was increasingly expressed through extralegal, violent conspiracies.
Methods for the Evaluation of the Bioactivity and Biocontrol Potential of Species of Trichoderma

Members of the genus Trichoderma comprise the majority of commercial fungal biocontrol agents of plant diseases. As such, there is a wealth of information available on the analysis of their biocontrol potential and the mechanisms behind their superior abilities. This chapter aims to summarize the most common methods utilized within a Trichoderma biocontrol program for assessing the biological properties of individual strains.