cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Gestational Age on mRNA and Protein Expression of Polyspecific Organic Cation Transporters during Pregnancy

Polyspecific organic cation (OC) transporters play important roles in the disposition of clinically used drugs, including drugs used during pregnancy. Pregnancy is known to alter the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters, but its specific effect on OC transporters has not been well defined. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry targeted proteomics, we determined the effect of pregnancy and gestational age on mRNA and protein expression of major OC transporters in the kidney, liver, and placenta in mice with timed pregnancies. Human organic cation transporter 3 (hOCT3) expression was further investigated in human placentas from the first and second trimesters and at term. Our results showed that pregnancy had a marginal effect on renal mouse organic cation transporter 1/2 (mOct1/2) expression but significantly reduced mouse multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter 1 (mMate1) expression by 20%–40%. Hepatic expression of mOct1 and mMate1 was minimally affected by pregnancy. Human and mouse placentas predominantly expressed OCT3 with little expression of OCT1/2, MATE1/2, and plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT). The hOCT3 protein in first and second trimester and term placentas was quantified to be 0.23 ± 0.033, 0.38 ± 0.072, and 0.36 ± 0.099 fmol/μg membrane protein, respectively. In contrast with the moderate increase in hOCT3 protein during human pregnancy, mOct3 expression in the mouse placenta was highly dependent on gestational age. Compared with gestational day (gd) 10, placental mOct3 mRNA increased by 37-fold and 46-fold at gd 15 and 19, leading to a 56-fold and 128-fold increase in mOct3 protein, respectively. Our study provides new insights into the effect of pregnancy on the expression of polyspecific OC transporters and supports an important role of OCT3 in OC transport at the placental barrier.
Information, Decision, and the Scientist

Decision-theoretical critique of ‘semantic information’ measures and of some other suggestions made by students of inductive logic leads to a formal statement of the following sequence of the scientist’s choices: (1) ‘What Problem shall I study?’ — chosing one of the sets of states of Nature ‘payoff-relevant’ to the scientist. (2) ‘What set of mutually exclusive and exhaustive Hypotheses shall I test?’ — chosing a partition of the Problem set. (3) ‘What kind of Evidence shall I use?’ — chosing a set of observations presumably related statistically to the set of Hypotheses. (4) ‘What Rule for accepting a hypothesis shall I use?’. (For a certain class of the scientist’s payoff functions, the Rule is to accept a hypothesis with maximal posterior probability.) To be optimal the four choices must be made simultaneously and will depend on the payoff functions for the alternative Problems, on the initial probabilities of states of Nature, and on the costs of testing, computing, storing and communicating (the latter costs are related to ‘teachability’ or ‘simplicity’).
Ras orchestrates exit from the cell cycle and light-chain recombination during early B cell development

How signals through the pre–B cell antigen receptor (pre-BCR) and IL-7 receptor (IL-7R) coordinate population expansion of pre-B cells with subsequent recombination of the immunoglobulin κ-chain locus is unclear. Clark and colleagues show that pre-BCR signaling via the Ras-MEK-Erk pathway poises pre–B cells to undergo differentiation after escaping IL-7R signaling. Signals through the pre–B cell antigen receptor (pre-BCR) and interleukin 7 receptor (IL-7R) coordinate pre–B cell population expansion with subsequent recombination of the locus encoding immunoglobulin κ-chain (Igk). Although many 'downstream' effectors of each receptor are known, how they integrate to mediate development has remained unclear. Here we report that pre-BCR-mediated activation of the Ras-MEK-Erk signaling pathway silenced transcription of Ccnd3 (encoding cyclin D3) and coordinated exit from the cell cycle with induction of the transcription factor E2A and the initiation of Igk recombination. IL-7R-mediated activation of the transcription factor STAT5 opposed this pathway by promoting Ccnd3 expression and concomitantly inhibiting Igk transcription by binding to the Igk intronic enhancer and preventing E2A recruitment. Our data show how pre-BCR signaling poises pre–B cells to undergo differentiation after escape from IL-7R signaling.
Synthesis of prepolymerization stage in polycondensation processes

A systematic design procedure of the prepolymerization stage of a polycondensation process is presented. This procedure treats polycondensation processes as reactive separation processes and offers an alternative to design through simulations. Feasible flowsheets and operating conditions are developed by analyzing the phase behavior of polycondensation systems at thermodynamic equilibrium. Functional end groups and apparent mole fractions are used to represent reaction kinetics and equilibrium, and real mole fractions are used to represent phase equilibrium. Reactive phase diagrams are plotted in transformed mole-fraction space to facilitate visualization of the phase behavior. Three examples are presented: manufacture of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) from dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and ethylene glycol (EG), from terephthalic acid (TPA) and EG, and manufacture of nylon-6,6. For these processes, the results of the approach agree excellently with detailed iterative performance simulations. The approach also reveals additional feasible process alternatives and corresponding operating conditions.
A Throughput-Efficient Packet Classifier with n Bloom filters

Packet classification is a critical data path in a highspeed router. Due to memory efficiency and fast lookup, Bloom filters (BFs) have been widely used for packet classification in a high-speed router. However, in a parallel packet classifier (PPC) of n parallel BFs, using all n BFs for a lookup is not throughput efficient in a high speed router. In this paper, we propose a multi-tiered packet classifier (MPC) for high throughput with the same memory size as a PPC. While a PPC of n BFs needs Theta(n) BF access complexity for a lookup, our MPC is geared to have the complexity which is probabilistically far less than Theta(n). Furthermore, by preprocessing a group of lookups in one cycle, each lookup is assigned to its associated BF at best effort, so that a higher throughput in an MPC is obtained. In simulation for flow identification with NLANR traces, we observed that, at most, 2.0 times more throughput was recorded than a PPC .
Similarities in the fracture surface features of borosilicate and polymer glasses

Considerable similarity exists between the features on the fracture surfaces of a borosilicate glass and those on the fracture surfaces of polymer thermoset glasses like epoxies and vinyl esters. These features include the steps and welts of the hackle, the arrays of skewed cracks, and the basic longitudinal texture. It was the latter, the basic longitudinal texture, that was the most surprising find on the fracture surfaces of borosilicate glass. On the fracture surfaces of polymer thermoset glasses, the basic longitudinal texture has been interpreted as a remnant from the fracturing process, arising from an instability in the meniscus between air and a polymer layer softened or “liquified” by the stresses of cracking. The meniscus instability results in an array of crack fingers preceding the nominal crack front. By analogy, it is suggested that the borosilicate glass fractures by a similar process, including the softening of the glass ahead of the crack front. The basic longitudinal texture is usually visible only at high magnification and often requires (a necessity for the borosilicate glass fracture surface) the tilting of the normal to the fracture surface toward the detector. The steps, welts and arrays of skewed cracks are simply explained with the crack fingering hypothesis.
Location management of products in display cabinets at a rental shop using multiple RFID tags

Product inventory and location management systems using IDs in RFID tags are now commercially introduced. However, systems that require highly precise product locations need to use multiple tag sensors. This requirement increases the system cost. These systems also require a database system for ID-based management. This paper proposes a location management method that requires only a single tag sensor and uses only passive tags. Specifically, product information (category and product name) is recorded in each tag, and two tag types (product tag and cabinet tag) are defined. The paper proposes that the system autonomously identifies product locations using inter-tag communication and category information, and updates product location information. The paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed location management method through experiments with an experimental system developed.
How did it work? An examination of the mechanisms through which an intervention for the unemployed promoted job-search behavior

Conducted process analysis of treatment mediation effects (Judd & Kenney, 1981) on longitudinal data from a large randomized field experiment with 928 recently unemployed persons. The experimental treatment included an intervention that succeeded in promoting quality reemployment outcomes, as described in earlier reports (Caplan et al., 1989; Vinokur et al., 1991). Using Ajzen's theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1985, 1988), the analyses examined the mediating effects of job-search self-efficacy, attitude, norms, and intention on job-search behavior. The results provided substantial support for the theory of planned behavior and demonstrated the mediational role of job-search self-efficacy. For both 1- and 4-month posttests, job-search self-efficacy was shown to mediate the effects of the intervention through its direct effects on job-search intention and on short term job-search behavior, as well as through its indirect effects on subjective norms and attitude. However, in the longer term 4-month posttest, exposure to the intervention had a direct effect on job-search behavior. This long-term direct effect of the intervention was hypothesized to reflect the influence of inoculation against setbacks which is essential for sustaining the long-term behavioral efforts involved in job seeking.
Aquarius and SMOS detect effects of an extreme Mississippi River flooding event in the Gulf of Mexico

[1] Sea surface salinity (SSS) measurements from the Aquarius/Satelite de Aplicaciones Cientificas (SAC)-D satellite and Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission were used to document the freshening associated with the record 2011 Mississippi River flooding event in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Assessment of the salinity response was aided by additional satellite observations, including chlorophyll-a (chl-a) and ocean surface currents, and a passive tracer simulation. Low SSS values associated with the spreading of the river plume were observed 1–3 months after peak river discharge which then receded and became unidentifiable from satellite observations 5 months after maximum discharge. The seasonal wind pattern and general circulation of the GoM dramatically impacted the observed salinity response, transporting freshwater eastward along the Gulf coast and entraining low salinity waters into the open GoM. The observed salinity response from Aquarius was consistent with SMOS SSS, chl-a concentrations, and the passive tracer simulation in terms of the pathway and transit time of the river plume spreading. This study is the first successful application of satellite SSS to study salinity variation in marginal seas.
Update on non-ablative light therapy for rejuvenation: a review.

Background and Objectives Non-ablative technologies are playing an increasing role in the management of photoaging. Newer radiofrequency technologies have added to this therapeutic armamentarium. Shorter wavelength technologies are more effective in targeting pilosebaceous vascular and pigmentary alterations while longer wavelength technologies are most effective in wrinkle reduction mediated through dermal remodeling. An overiew of the various technologies available to the practicing laser surgeon are outlined in the present review. Lasers Surg. Med. 32:120–128, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Development of techniques to compare mechanical properties of reversible hydrogels with spherical, square columnar and ocular lens geometry

Abstract We have developed a new experimental technique for determining the elastic modulus of the ocular lens by using hydrogel phantoms. We successfully prepared disulfide-reversible polyacrylamide hydrogels in the forms of a square column, a sphere, and a lens. The Mn (number average molecular weight) of the reduced copolymer ranged from 696,800 to 870,900 Da. The physical and swelling properties of the gels were independent of shape. The Mc (molecular weight between cross-links) ranged from 1776 to 1887 compared with the theoretical Mc of 1638 Da. The gels exhibited non-linear rubber elasticity, but at low strains the elastic moduli (E) were 4680±150, 5010±280, and 4870±220 Pa for the square column, sphere, and lens, respectively. The shear modulus (G) was 1531±70 Pa with an E/G ratio of approximately 3:1, indicating an incompressible gel at low strains. At high strains (∼15%) the Mooney–Rivlin plot was linear and the magnitude of 2C1 was 1515 Pa, which was comparable to the shear modulus of the gels. Finally, the Tatara mechanical model for large deformation of rubber spheres was successfully applied to extract the elastic modulus of the lens. The modulus of the lens obtained with this technique was consistent with the moduli for the square column and sphere. The new technique will be used to determine the mechanical properties of the ocular lens.
SEROTONIN SYNDROME AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF MILNACIPRAN FOR FIBROMYALGIA

We report a patient who presented with classic serotonin syndrome (SS) after being started on milnacipran for fibromyalgia. To our knowledge, this is the first case of serotonin toxicity reported since milnacipran was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of fibromyalgia. ### Level of evidence. This is a case report describing a single patient treated for classic symptoms of serotonin toxicity with milnacipran, while on a chronic dose of paroxetine, and is therefore a Class IV study. ### Case report. A 76-year-old man with a history of chronic pain presented to the emergency room with progressive worsening of lethargy and confusion. The patient was initially noted by the family to be confused and asking the same questions repeatedly. Throughout the following 2 days, the patient became more confused and eventually severely dysarthric. He was ultimately brought to the emergency room after he was found on the floor lethargic with incomprehensible speech. The patient had a history of depression and had been on paroxetine, 25 mg daily, for 5 years. Eight days prior to this presentation, the patient had been diagnosed with fibromyalgia and started on milnacipran 50 mg twice daily, a newly approved medication for the treatment of fibromyalgia. On physical examination, the patient was found to have a temperature ranging from 100.5 …
Anti-Communist Mob Action: A Case Study

SOME OF THE EARLY students of public opinion regarded mob behavior as a primary object of investigation. Although apart from the mainstream of current opinion research, the mob still provides a field in which the transformation of attitudes to opinions, and opinions to action, may be observed, and where symbol manipulation and the phenomena of suggestibility may be studied. The following report by a social psychologist represents one of the most complete accounts of contemporary mob behavior now available. The author is now on the research staff of the Educational Testing Service, and was formerly a member of the faculties of social science at Stanford and the University of Oregon.
A Strategy for Successful Implementation of Bundled Payments in Orthopaedic Surgery.

It is widely recognized that the current fee-for-service reimbursement system in health care provides an incentive to focus on the volume of health-care service provision over quality or value1,2. Various payers and self-insured employers have experimented with an alternate payment methodology—bundled payments—in which a single lump-sum payment is made to all health-care providers (including facilities, physicians, and nonphysician providers) for the entirety of a patient’s episode of care3. This approach is intended to encourage coordination of services and communication across providers and to reduce costs by aligning financial performance with high-quality outcomes. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act called for a large-scale pilot of bundled payment for Medicare patients, to be managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation (CMMI). In 2012, more than 400 hospitals from around the country were selected from hundreds of applicants for the CMMI Bundled Payments for Care Improvement …
Using the RNAstructure Software Package to Predict Conserved RNA Structures.

The structures of many non-coding RNA (ncRNA) are conserved by evolution to a greater extent than their sequences. By predicting the conserved structure of two or more homologous sequences, the accuracy of secondary structure prediction can be improved as compared to structure prediction for a single sequence. This unit provides protocols for the use of four programs in the RNAstructure suite for prediction of conserved structures, Multilign, TurboFold, Dynalign, and PARTS. These programs can be run through webservers, on the command line, or with graphical interfaces.
Students' Attitudes and Perceptions about the Use of Cooperative Exams in an Introductory Leadership Class.

This study sought to examine student perceptions related to the use of cooperative exams in an introductory leadership class. In this study, cooperative exams were used as a collaborative learning activity in which students took class exams individually first and then as a peer group. The majority of students ( n=41, 61.4%) had not previously taken a class that incorporated cooperative exams. Four advantages of cooperative exams were identified: the opportunity for discussion to increase understanding, the opportunity to increase the overall grade on the exam, the opportunity for collaboration and teamwork, and increased individual accountability. Two disadvantages of cooperative exams were identified: the reliance of some students on the efforts of others and the conflict that can arise from peer pressure in the peer group portion of the exam. Overall, students enjoyed the cooperative exams and think they should continue to be used in the class.
Bond interchange reactions in functionalized triglyceride oil/poly(ethylene terephthalate) compositions

Naturally functionalized triglyceride oils are renewable resources which contain reactive chemical groups, hydroxyl in the case of castor oil, and epoxide in the case of vernonia oil. In this article, the reaction of these groups, and the ester linkages between the glycerol and acid residue portions of the oil molecule with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is investigated through a variety of means. Multiple reactions are possible in the triglyceride–PET system, some of which form a copolymer that increases miscibility, and if allowed to continue, forms a completely random copolymer mixture. Among the numerous reactions possible, PET–ester exchange with the hydroxyl or epoxide functionality of the triglyceride oils is found to be the most significant, and the effects of these and other reactions are observed and structural implications discussed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Damage control The influence of environment on recovery from brain injury

Experience changes brain function and structure in the developing brain. Environmental enrichment leads to structural changes: increases in brain weight, cortical thickness, neuronal size, dendritic complexity, and synaptogenesis and the generation of new neurons (neurogenesis), glia, and blood vessels.1 Improvement in function accompanies these changes. This effect was first noted by Hebb, who recognized that the laboratory rats taken home as pets for his children showed better problem-solving skills than rats raised in the laboratory.2 Recent studies show that the influences of experience and environment on brain function extend to recovery from injury. In this issue of Neurology , Faverjon et al. report beneficial effects of an enriched environment on the cognitive recovery of rats after status epilepticus.3 The authors induced prolonged seizures in young rats (developmentally comparable to human toddlers), producing deficits …
A model of gas mixing into single-entrance tree cavities during wildland fires

The level of protection to fauna provided by tree cavities during wildland fires is not well understood. Here we present a model for estimating the transport of combustion gases into cylindrical, single-entrance cavities during exposures caused by different wildland fire scenarios. In these shelters, the entrance occurs near the top of the cavity. This empirical model was developed from a suite of numerical experiments using the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Fire Dynamics Simulator, which spanned a range of entrance diameters, wind speeds, gas temperatures, and vertical angles of in- cidence. To evaluate the model's predictions, it was used to replicate, with great accuracy, a time series of carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in a controlled experiment where a fabricated cylindrical cavity was exposed to combustion products. The time constant for cavity filling is proportional to the ratio of cavity volume to entrance area. Hot gases lead to signifi- cant stratification within the cavity during exposures. To demonstrate the model's potential use in predicting faunal expo- sures in the context of land management, we show that the model can be used to estimate dosage within red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis Vieillot, 1809) cavities without requiring temporally detailed, local measurements of wind speed and combustion product concentrations. Resume : Le degre de protection que procurent les cavites d'arbre pour la faune durant les feux de foret n'est pas bien connu. Nous presentons ici un modele pour l'estimation du deplacement des gaz de combustion dans des cavites cylindri- ques a une seule entree lors d'expositions correspondant a differents scenarios de feux de foret. Dans ces abris, l'entree se trouve pres du haut de la cavite. Ce modele empirique a ete developpe a partir d'une serie d'experiences numeriques reali- sees a l'aide du simulateur de dynamique du feu du National Institute of Standards and Technology, qui permet de tester une gamme de diametres d'entree, de vitesses du vent, de temperatures des gaz et d'angles verticaux d'incidence. Pour eva- luer les predictions du modele, le simulateur a ete utilise pour repeter, avec une grande exactitude, une serie temporelle de concentrations de monoxyde de carbone (CO) dans une experience en conditions controlees qui consistait a exposer une ca- vite cylindrique usinee a des produits de combustion. La constante de temps pour le remplissage de la cavite est proportion- nelle au ratio du volume de la cavite sur l'aire de l'entree. Les gaz chauds provoquent une importante stratification dans la cavite durant l'exposition. Pour demontrer la possibilite d'utiliser le modele pour predire les expositions de la faune dans un contexte d'amenagement du territoire, nous montrons que le modele peut etre utilise pour estimer les doses dans des cavites de pic a face blanche (Picoides borealis Vieillot, 1809) et ce, sans faire appel a des mesures detaillees dans le temps, a des mesures de vitesse locale du vent ou a des concentrations de produits de combustion. (Traduit par la Redaction)
THE GENUS BRATTIA BEYOND SOUTH AMERICA (ARANEAE, LINYPHIIDAE)

Brattia species (Linyphiidae) from Africa and the Philippines are not congeneric with the type species of Brattia. The type species of the genus, Brattia spadicaria Simon, and other Neotropical Brattia species were recently transferred to Sphecozone O. Pickard-Cambridge; Old World Brattia species were explicitly excluded from Sphecozone. Sphecozone spadicaria and Old World Brattia species are redescribed and illustrated. Brattia africana Simon is transferred to Pachydelphus Jocque ´ & Bosmans;B. scutilla is transferred to Apobrata new genus; B. dubia is transferred to the theridiid genus Anelosimus Simon.
Joint iterative channel estimation and decoding in flat correlated Rayleigh fading

This paper addresses the design and performance evaluation with respect to capacity of M-PSK turbo-coded systems operating in frequency-flat time-selective Rayleigh fading. The receiver jointly performs channel estimation and turbo decoding, allowing the two processes to benefit from each other. To this end, we introduce a suitable Markov model with a finite number of states, designed to approximate both the values and the statistical properties of the correlated flat fading channel phase, which poses a more severe challenge to PSK transmission than amplitude hiding. Then, the forward-backward algorithm determines both the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) value for each symbol in the data sequence and the MAP channel phase in each iteration. Simulations show good performance in standard correlated Rayleigh fading channels. A sequence of progressively tighter upper bounds to the capacity of a simplified Markov-phase channel is derived, and performance of a turbo code with joint iterative channel estimation and decoding is demonstrated to approach these capacity bounds.
Conditions of State Aid to Distressed Communities

Several studies have been undertaken to explain state aid to local governments and to ascertain if state aid is "responsive" to cities and urban problems. Most scholars have interpreted their findings with reference to the state role in the federal system. This study examines state aid to distressed communities (a category of aid programs created by the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations). We find that, independent of other factors, local need shapes the allocation of these programs. This evidence adds to other evidence suggesting that the states are responsive to urban distress.
Whole blood EBV-DNA predicts outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

An association between Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection and lymphoproliferative diseases has been reported with EBV + diffuse large B cell-lymphoma (DLBCL) of the elderly described as a distinct entity. In a cohort of 218 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, we detected EBV-DNA in 25% of whole blood (WB) samples at diagnosis. Presence and viral load in WB, mononuclear cells or plasma did not predict the presence of EBV in the tumor biopsy. Positive Hepatitis C virus (HCV) serology was associated with a higher frequency of EBV in WB. Patients with EBV-DNA in WB had a significantly shorter progression-free (p = 0.02) and overall survival (p = 0.05) after immunochemotherapy with R-CHOP (Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, Prednisolone). We conclude that detection of EBV in WB is not a surrogate marker for EBV-association in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, however it associates with worse outcome.
Temporal variables of the canter of the Tennessee Walking Horse

Temporal stride characteristics of the canter were compared between performance-shod (PS) and light-shod (LS) Tennessee Walking Horses, which generally differ in training and shoeing methods. Four consecutive strides for ten PS and ten LS horses were filmed (30 Hz), and frame-by-frame analysis performed to determine stride duration and individual limb stance duration. Also analysed was the percentage of stride duration devoted to single, bipedal or tripedal limb support. Footfall sequence for PS was trailing hind (TrH), leading hind (LdH), trailing fore (TrF) and leading fore (LdF), whereas footfall sequence for LS horses varied, with the majority of LS performing a sequence of TrH‐TrF‐LdH ‐LdF. Stride duration was greater for PS. As a percentage of stride duration, PS demonstrated greater duration of TrF and LdF, while LS demonstrated greater LdH duration. Hind and fore single limb support, and tripedal support, were greater for LS; however, PS utilized bipedal support to a larger extent than LS. Hind or forelimb bipedal support was demonstrated only in PS, while only LS demonstrated lateral bipedal support. Thus, while both performance- and light-shod Tennessee Walking Horses perform the canter, temporal variables for this gait differ dramatically between the two groups.
Geospatial Analysis of Barrier Island Width of Two Segments of the Outer Banks, North Carolina, USA: Anthropogenic Curtailment of Natural Self-Sustaining Processes

Abstract A comparison of two sections of the Outer Banks, North Carolina, USA (Pea Island and Avon-Buxton areas), reveals the importance of the interplay between oceanic and estuarine shoreline dynamics to long-term changes in barrier island width. From 1852 to 1998, the northern portion of Pea Island experienced an average net increase in width of 431 m (3 m/y); this area experienced low to moderate rates of oceanic shoreline erosion and high rates of back-barrier land accretion via overwash and formation of flood tidal delta islands. In contrast, between 1852 and 1998, the width of the southern portion of Pea Island and the Avon-Buxton area decreased an average of 515 m (4 m/y) and 594 m (4 m/y), respectively, because of high rates of oceanic shoreline erosion and variable changes in estuarine shoreline accretion and erosion. Net gain or net loss of barrier island width is strongly dependent on the natural depositional processes of overwash and flood tide delta formation. Anthropogenic modifications to ...
A Preliminary Assessment of the Ground-Dwelling Arthropod Community Composition in Six Common Dune Cover Types at Cape Cod National Seashore

We provide a preliminary assessment of the ground-dwelling arthropod com- munity composition in six common coastal dune ecosystem land cover-types at Cape Cod National Seashore. We captured 6815 individual arthropods representing 16 arthropod orders from 1008 terrestrial pitfall trap-nights. The most abundant orders were Hyme- noptera, Diptera, Araneae, and Isopoda (76.1%, 8.5%, 5.5%, and 3.3% of total captures, respectively). There were differences in ground-dwelling arthropod community compo- sition among the three early-successional and the three later-successional cover types, with the latter having a greater overall arthropod diversity and higher capture rates for a number of the major arthropod taxa captured. Our report is among the first community- wide analyses of arthropod community composition in coastal dune ecosystems of the northeastern US. The results from this study should be viewed as a preliminary assess- ment given that: 1) we employed a single trapping method (i.e., pitfall traps); 2) traps were only open during the late-afternoon to early morning hours, and only during the summer months; and 3) captured arthropods were classified only to order. We hope our report will inspire additional research of coastal dune arthropod communities.
Body-as-information: learning to listen to the body in the context of chronic illness

During the course of an illness, people may come to learn things about their bodies that they did not previously understand. This poster explores how one group of patients with a chronic illness, fibromyalgia, learned to listen to their bodies over time. This work is part of a larger qualitative study of fibromyalgia patients' illness journeys. Becoming more attuned to their bodies enabled participants to manage their condition better, including the impact it had on the rest of their lives. This poster also describes ways in which fibromyalgia patients acquire knowledge about how to utilize their bodies as physiological information, and considers how information services, resources and tools could be improved to facilitate the process.
Bridging hcp-Ni and Ni3C via a Ni3C 1-x solid solution: Tunable composition and magnetism in colloidal nickel carbide nanoparticles

Nanoparticles of elemental nickel underpin a large number of magnetic and catalytic applications, and the possibility of tuning these properties via the formation of different allotropes is intriguing. While bulk elemental nickel adopts a face centered cubic (fcc) structure, a growing number of reports suggest that colloidal nickel nanoparticles can crystallize in the metastable hexagonal close packed (hcp) structure. However, there is some disagreement in the literature concerning the formation of hcp-Ni, particularly with respect to the crystallographically-related Ni3C phase. Most notable is a range of lattice constants and magnetic properties that have been attributed to hcp-Ni. Here, we show that reaction time can be used to tune the carbon content of a Ni3C1-x solid solution. Importantly, colloidal nanoparticles of Ni3C1-x can help to experimentally rationalize the range of lattice constants and magnetic properties reported for hcp-Ni and Ni3C, effectively bridging these two end-member systems. All ...
Fire Risk Assessment of Malls Based on the Cluster Analysis and AHP

According to the fire characteristics in malls,AHP( analytic hierarchy process),which has the advantages in both semi-quantitative methods and qualitative methods,was used to establish fire risk assessment system. Through collecting expert questionnaires,the AHP and cluster analysis were integrated to calculate the index weight value in the system. According to the grading manual,this paper scored each index and calculated the values of the fire risk assessment to confirm the fire risk level of buildings. The practicability and reliability was verified by applying the assessment system in a clothing store in Wuhan. And the assessment system can be used not only in fire evaluation,but also in the insurance and others.
GC Detection of Residual Solvents in Cyclosporine

Objective To establish a method for detection of the residual solvents in cyclosporine substances.Methods The residual solvents in cyclosporine substances were determined by GC using capillary column SE-54(30 m×0.53 mm×2.5 μm) with FID detector and nitrogen as the carries gas.The injector temperature was 200 ℃,the detector temperature was 250 ℃,the column temperature rose by program,the initial temperature was 55 ℃ and maintained for 1 min,then raised to 145 ℃ with a rate of 10 ℃/min and raised to 200 ℃ with a rate of 55 ℃/min and maintained for 2 min.Split injection was use and the split ratio was 8∶1,the flow rate was 2.3 ml/min.External standard method was used with dimethylacetylamide as solvent.Results The solvents could be completely separated,and the calibration curves of each solvent had good linear relationship within a certain range.Conclusion The method is accurate and reliable.It can be applied in detection of residual solvents in cyclosporine substances.
Variations in cancer centers' use of cytology for the diagnosis of unresectable pancreatic cancer in the National Cancer Data Base.

BACKGROUND Cytology is an accurate, safe, cost-effective, and guideline-recommended method for pancreatic cancer diagnosis, particularly for unresectable disease. However, to the authors’ knowledge, the frequency and determinants of its use have not been described to date. The current study examined patterns of cytological diagnosis among patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer by treatment facility type and by patient characteristics. METHODS The prevalence of definitive cytological diagnosis (cytology only, without confirmatory histology) versus histological diagnosis (with or without accompanying cytology) was examined in National Cancer Data Base records of 13,657 patients diagnosed with unresectable (American Joint Committee on Cancer stages III and IV) pancreatic cancer in 2011 and 2012 who did not undergo surgical treatment (mode of diagnosis could not be ascertained for surgical patients). Associations between definitive cytological diagnosis and patient and facility characteristics were assessed using multivariable marginal logistic regression models and expressed as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS Overall, 26.8% of unresectable pancreatic cancer cases were definitively diagnosed with cytology. The prevalence of cytological diagnosis ranged from 16.5% in community cancer programs and 22.6% in comprehensive community cancer programs to 31.3% in academic/teaching/research cancer programs and 43.2% in National Cancer Institute-designated cancer programs (P<.001). Compared with patients diagnosed in National Cancer Institute-designated cancer programs, those from community cancer programs (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.20-0.42), comprehensive community cancer programs (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.31-0.59), and academic/teaching/research cancer programs (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.43-0.84) had lower odds of being diagnosed with cytology. CONCLUSIONS Greater than 25% of unresectable pancreatic cancers were diagnosed definitively with cytology, with wide variation in its use by facility type, suggesting opportunities for quality improvement interventions that increase the use of cytology. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:791-800. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Chiari Type I Malformation

A 13-year-old girl with post-traumatic cerebellar ataxia, transient upper extremity weakness, and lower cranial nerve dysfunction was found to have a Type I Chiari malformation on MRI at the Depts of Neurosurgery and Neurology, San Francisco General Hospital, California.
North Versus South – An Examination of Regional Comparative Development in Italy and Brazil

The ‘institutions versus geography’ debate argues for the primacy of institutions over geography in determining economic development. One way to parse this issue is to study differences in economic development within the same regions where institutional differences are less severe. This chapter examines data and maps illustrating regional disparities in income within South America, Brazil and Italy to establish a geographical pattern. The patterns reveal that in Italy which lies north of the equator, the northern areas of the country fare better in terms of economic performance, while the reverse is true for South America in general and Brazil in particular which lie south of the Equator. Even within the same countries income differences emerge suggesting that geography is at the root of the disparities.
“What Do I Call You?” Postcolonial Pastoral Care and Counseling: Ambiguous Sense of Self with Perspectives on the Experience of Korean Clergywomen

This research explores the ambiguous sense of self with the complexity of the psychological experiences of racial–ethnic minority women, especially Korean immigrant women’s subordinate roles in intercultural contexts. Through critical analysis of subjective experiences, this study addresses pastoral theological reflection with the ambiguous sense of self through the lens of postcolonial theology. The research method of intuitive inquiry through qualitative case study research was used in order to share the subjective experiences of five interviewees (O, H, J, M, and S), constituting both a Samo (a pastor’s wife) in Korean immigrant churches and a Moksa (a pastor) in cross-cultural and cross-racial appointments in the United Methodist Church in the United States. Using the interviewees’ narratives of being a Moksa and/or Samo, this research addresses multi-oppressions affecting Korean clergywomen working within immigrant contexts. In light of these findings, future research on the psychological influences ...
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2) modulates afterhyperpolarizations in oxytocin neurons of the supraoptic nucleus

Key points Afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs) generated by repetitive action potentials in supraoptic magnocellular neurons regulate repetitive firing and spike frequency adaptation but relatively little is known about PIP2 's control of these AHPs. We examined how changes in PIP2 levels affected AHPs, somatic [Ca2+ ]i , and whole cell Ca2+ currents. Manipulations of PIP2 levels affected both medium and slow AHP currents in oxytocin (OT) neurons of the supraoptic nucleus. Manipulations of PIP2 levels did not modulate AHPs by influencing Ca2+ release from IP3 -triggered Ca2+ stores, suggesting more direct modulation of channels by PIP2 . PIP2 depletion reduced spike-evoked Ca2+ entry and voltage-gated Ca2+ currents. PIP2 appears to influence AHPs in OT neurons by reducing Ca2+ influx during spiking. Abstract Oxytocin (OT)- and vasopressin (VP)-secreting magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) display calcium-dependent afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs) following a train of action potentials that are critical to shaping the firing patterns of these cells. Previous work demonstrated that the lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2 ) enabled the slow AHP component (sAHP) in cortical pyramidal neurons. We investigated whether this phenomenon occurred in OT and VP neurons of the SON. Using whole cell recordings in coronal hypothalamic slices from adult female rats, we demonstrated that inhibition of PIP2 synthesis with wortmannin robustly blocked both the medium and slow AHP currents (ImAHP and IsAHP ) of OT, but not VP neurons with high affinity. We further tested this by introducing a water-soluble PIP2 analogue (diC8 -PIP2 ) into neurons, which in OT neurons not only prevented wortmannin's inhibitory effect, but slowed rundown of the ImAHP and IsAHP . Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 did not inhibit either ImAHP or IsAHP in OT neurons, consistent with wortmannin's effects not being due to reducing diacylglycerol (DAG) or IP3 availability, i.e. PIP2 modulation of AHPs is not likely to involve downstream Ca2+ release from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3 )-triggered Ca2+ -store release, or channel modulation via DAG and protein kinase C (PKC). We found that wortmannin reduced [Ca2+ ]i increase induced by spike trains in OT neurons, but had no effect on AHPs evoked by uncaging intracellular Ca2+ . Finally, wortmannin selectively reduced whole cell Ca2+ currents in OT neurons while leaving VP neurons unaffected. The results indicate that PIP2 modulates both the ImAHP and IsAHP in OT neurons, most likely by controlling Ca2+ entry through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels opened during spike trains.
Binge-Eating Disorder: A Primer for Professional Counselors

Binge-Eating Disorder (BED) is a primary diagnosis listed in the Feeding and Eating Disorders chapter of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5; American Ps...
Human Capital Development and Economic Growth in Nigeria; The Role of Nomadic Education

Education is crucial to the socio-economic development of any country. This is because appropriate knowledge and skills are acquired in the formal setting of primary, secondary and higher education including adult, professional, technical and non-formal education. This study examined the impact of Nomadic education expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria. The study made use of time series data on real gross domestic product and total government expenditure on Nomadic education from 1986 to 2014. The study employed ordinary Least Square (OLS), which provides information about the long run relationship between the variables and revealed that total government expenditure on Nomadic education ((NEDUE) has a significant impact on Nigeria economic growth. The study concluded that there is need for the government to increase her budgetary allocation to the nomadic education and other educational sector because adequate investment in this sector will improve educational outcome and induce the nation economic growth.
High School Dropout and Students Identified with Behavioral Disorders

This study examined the extent and nature of the high school dropout problem among a sample of students with behavioral disorders It was found that the study sample had a much higher proportion of ...
Parameter Planes for Complex Analytic Maps

In this paper we describe the structure of the parameter planes for certain families of complex analytic functions. These families include the quadratic polynomials z 2 + c, the exponentials λ exp(z), and the family of rational maps \(z^{n} +\lambda /z^{n}\).These are, in a sense, the simplest polynomial, transcendental, and rational families, as each has essentially one critical orbit.
Infrastructure as Labor Intensive Development

At Liberation, China’s transportation, water management, and power infrastructures were both fragmentary and fragmented, yet the new state was capital poor facing massive repairs and unmet needs. The socialist solution was a two-track construction program, with major railways and dams/reservoirs/power stations directed and funded from Beijing, while thousands of middling to small projects were tasked to counties and towns through provincial authorities. Initially, People’s Liberation Army troops worked on repairing and extending railroads, but in time, 20 million peasants spent off-season months moving billions of cubic meters of local earth and stone to keep back floods and assure adequate roadways for getting crops to railheads. Focusing on ground-level actors, the chapter revisits “big project” work processes, county-level experiments and the shortcomings that both exhibited when urgency trumped attention to detail in construction. With the Great Leap’s collapse, “small and local” schemes to provide electricity, building materials, and chemical fertilizer gained traction, initially-clumsy efforts that proved valuable as first steps toward rural industrialization and as capital-saving investments.
Influence of intramolecular secondary sphere hydrogen-bonding interactions on cytochrome c oxidase inspired low-spin heme–peroxo–copper complexes

Dioxygen reduction by heme–copper oxidases is a critical biochemical process, wherein hydrogen bonding is hypothesized to participate in the critical step involving the active-site reductive cleavage of the O–O bond. Sixteen novel synthetic heme–(μ-O22−)–Cu(XTMPA) complexes, whose design is inspired by the cytochrome c oxidase active site structure, were generated in an attempt to form the first intramolecular H-bonded complexes. Derivatives of the “parent” ligand (XTMPA, TMPA = (tris((2-pyridyl)methyl)amine)) possessing one or two amine pendants preferentially form an H-bond with the copper-bound O-atom of the peroxide bridge. This is evidenced by a characteristic blue shift in the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) bands observed in UV-vis spectroscopy (consistent with lowering of the peroxo π* relative to the iron orbitals) and a weakening of the O–O bond determined by resonance Raman spectroscopy (rR), with support from Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Remarkably, with the TMPA-based infrastructure (versus similar heme–peroxo–copper complexes with different copper ligands), the typically undetected Cu–O stretch for these complexes was observed via rR, affording critical insights into the nature of the O–O peroxo core for the complexes studied. While amido functionalities have been shown to have greater H-bonding capabilities than their amino counterparts, in these heme–peroxo–copper complexes amido substituents distort the local geometry such that H-bonding with the peroxo core only imparts a weak electronic effect; optimal H-bonding interactions are observed by employing two amino groups on the copper ligand. The amino-substituted systems presented in this work reveal a key orientational anisotropy in H-bonding to the peroxo core for activating the O–O bond, offering critical insights into effective O–O cleavage chemistry. These findings indirectly support computational and protein structural studies suggesting the presence of an interstitial H-bonding water molecule in the CcO active site, which is critical for the desired reactivity. The results are evaluated with appropriate controls and discussed with respect to potential O2-reduction capabilities.