cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spatial signature of dose patterns associated with acute radiation-induced lung damage in lung cancer patients treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy.

Thoracic radiation therapy (RT) is often associated with lung side effects, whose etiology is still controversial. Our aim was to explore correlations between local dose in the thoracic anatomy and the radiation-induced lung damage (RILD). To this end, we designed a robust scheme for voxel-based analysis (VBA) to explore dose patterns associated with RILD in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving stereotactic body RT (SBRT). We analyzed 106 NSCLC SBRT patients (median prescription dose: 50 Gy; range: [40-54] Gy) in 4 fractions (range: [3-5]) with clinical and dosimetric records suitable for the analysis. The incidence of acute G1 RILD (RTOG grade ⩾ 1) was 68%. Each planning CT and dose map was spatially normalized to a common anatomical reference using a B-spline inter-patient registration algorithm after masking the gross tumor volume. The tumor-subtracted dose maps were converted into biologically effective dose maps (α/β = 3 Gy). VBA was performed according to a non-parametric permutation test accounting for multiple comparison, based on a cluster analysis method. The underlying general linear model of RILD was designed to include dose maps and each non-dosimetric variable significantly correlated with RILD. The clusters of voxels with dose differences significantly correlated with RILD at a given p -level (S p ) were generated. The only non-dosimetric variable significantly correlated with RILD was the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p = 0.034). Patients with G1 RILD received significantly (p ⩽ 0.05) higher doses in two voxel clusters S 0.05 in the lower-left lung (14 cm3) and in an area (64 cm3) largely included within the ventricles. The applied VBA represents a powerful tool to probe the dose susceptibility of inhomogeneous organs in clinical radiobiology studies. The identified subregions with dose differences associated with G1 RILD in both the heart and lower lungs endorse a trend of previously reported hypotheses on lung toxicity radiobiology.
Web of Slides: Automatic Linking of Lecture Slides to Facilitate Navigation

Lecture slides covering many topics are becoming increasingly available online, but they are scattered, making it a challenge for anyone to instantly access all slides relevant to a learning context. To address this challenge, we propose to create links between those scattered slides to form a Web of Slides (WOS). Using the sequential nature of slides, we present preliminary results of studying how to automatically create a basic link based on similarity of slides as an initial step toward the vision of WOS. We also explore interesting future research directions using different link types and the unique features of slides.
Early design stage selection of best manufacturing process

Design for additive manufacturing (DFAM) calls for more complex designs to best utilise unique design freedoms to improve designs. Conversely, less complex designs are generally more suitable for conventional manufacturing processes due to the higher cost to produce features that are more complex. As additive manufacturing (AM) emerges as an increasingly viable option to produce products beyond initial prototyping, the choice of conventional versus additive manufacturing must occur as early as possible in the design process as this choice can substantially affect how the product is designed. Realising the right decision too late in a design process will lead to wasted design time, increased time to market the product, a functionally inferior design, and/or a costlier product. To address this critical decision, we introduce a Design for any X Manufacturing (DFXM) method to use at early design stages to identify the best process for a given product design in cases where comprehensive current process databases may not yet be available to a designer to screen process choices. This DFXM method customises targeted questions to break down concepts into the key elements while capturing any known disparate process choices within consistent formulations. The method relates any measurable metrics found for any criteria at conceptual design within these formulations to evaluate them accordingly. A technique is introduced to simplify and focus voluminous process capability information toward that needed for this specialised early stage decision. After initial inputs from a designer, an algorithm automatically computes the best process choice as a function of expected order quantity. Three illustrative case studies demonstrate the practical application of this DFXM method in representative design scenarios.
Do students know what they think they know?: assessing student confidence in a computer graphics course

This paper describes an experiment to determine the extent students' confidence of their knowledge matches their ability. In other words, do students know what they think they know? This is done by comparing pre-course and post-course surveys about the learning objectives of the course to final exam answers. The primary goal is to determine if there are components of the course in which students have built up an overconfidence - they think they know the material more than they actually do or can demonstrate; or, conversely, an under-confidence - they are intimidated by the concept, but can actually perform the tasks to a greater level than their expectations. A secondary goal is to assess the effectiveness of the course in terms of the ability of the students to perform tasks related to the learning objectives and their perceptions. The experiment is done in the context of an introductory course on computer graphics. We found that the aggregate student confidence levels in the post-course exam were consistent with the corresponding final exam scores. However, students tended to have a slight overconfidence in material that was covered in the beginning of the semester.
Social scientists’ testimony before Congress in the United States between 1946-2016, trends from a new dataset

Congressional hearings are a venue in which social scientists present their views and analyses before lawmakers in the United States, however quantitative data on their representation has been lacking. We present new, publicly available, data on the rates at which anthropologists, economists, political scientists, psychologists, and sociologists appeared before United States congressional hearings from 1946 through 2016. We show that social scientists were present at some 10,347 hearings and testified 15,506 times. Economists testify before the US Congress far more often than other social scientists, and constitute a larger proportion of the social scientists testifying in industry and government positions. We find that social scientists’ testimony is increasingly on behalf of think tanks; political scientists, in particular, have gained much more representation through think tanks. Sociology, and psychology’s representation before Congress has declined considerably beginning in the 1980s. Anthropologists were the least represented. These findings show that academics are representing a more diverse set of organizations, but economists continue to be far more represented than other disciplines before the US Congress.
Editorial Commentary: Elbow Arthroscopy Is a Safe Procedure. Sure.

Abstract Elbow arthroscopy is a procedure that is of great potential use and yet also of grave potential risks. To balance the risk-versus-reward consideration, one must be aware of the potential complications associated with this procedure, weigh them against the potential advantages, and understand one’s own skills and familiarity with the procedure. There is no doubt that elbow arthroscopy has changed and even revolutionized our management of pathology about the elbow; however, one must bear in mind that this comes at a risk of complications that cannot be reduced to zero.
Wearable Stretch Sensors for Human Movement Monitoring and Fall Detection in Ergonomics.

Wearable sensors are beneficial for continuous health monitoring, movement analysis, rehabilitation, evaluation of human performance, and for fall detection. Wearable stretch sensors are increasingly being used for human movement monitoring. Additionally, falls are one of the leading causes of both fatal and nonfatal injuries in the workplace. The use of wearable technology in the workplace could be a successful solution for human movement monitoring and fall detection, especially for high fall-risk occupations. This paper provides an in-depth review of different wearable stretch sensors and summarizes the need for wearable technology in the field of ergonomics and the current wearable devices used for fall detection. Additionally, the paper proposes the use of soft-robotic-stretch (SRS) sensors for human movement monitoring and fall detection. This paper also recapitulates the findings of a series of five published manuscripts from ongoing research that are published as Parts I to V of “Closing the Wearable Gap” journal articles that discuss the design and development of a foot and ankle wearable device using SRS sensors that can be used for fall detection. The use of SRS sensors in fall detection, its current limitations, and challenges for adoption in human factors and ergonomics are also discussed.
Broadband-absorbing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composite films on topologically complex substrates

Abstract Reactive vapor deposition (RVD) allows researchers to coat a diverse set of textiles with robust films of conjugated macromolecules and build conformally-integrated nanostructured electronics on textiles. However, the number of precursors amenable to RVD are limited, which in turn limits the variety of device architectures and optoelectronic functions that can be integrated with textile substrates. Here, we develop a dehydrogenative coupling reaction that can be used to create uniform, conformal and patternable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) coatings on textiles using RVD protocols. PAHs possess large absorption coefficients, tunable band edges, high charge carrier mobilities and ambipolarity, meaning that a number of photonic and optoelectronic devices can be elaborated from the coatings reported here. We discuss, in particular, a fluoranthene/perifluoranthene composite PAH coating created using RVD, which exhibits strong light absorption over a large wavelength range and accompanying intermolecular energy transfer, qualifying it as a competitive photoactive material for conformally integrated, textile-based solar energy harvesters.
Evaluation of the Fecal Bacterial Communities of Angus Steers With Divergent Feed Efficiencies Across the Lifespan From Weaning to Slaughter.

Numerous studies have examined the link between the presence of specific gastrointestinal bacteria and the feed efficiency of cattle. However, cattle undergo dietary changes during their productive life which can cause fluctuations in their microbial consortium. The objective of the present study was to assess changes in the fecal microbiome of beef steers genetically selected to be divergent in feedlot feed efficiency, to determine whether differences in their fecal microbiomes could be detected as early as weaning, and continued throughout the rearing process regardless of dietary changes. Fecal samples were collected at weaning, yearling age, and slaughter for a group of 63 steers. Based on their feedlot-finishing performance, the steers were selected and divided into two groups according to their residual feed intake (RFI): efficient steers (low-RFI; n = 7) and inefficient steers (high-RFI; n = 8). To ascertain the fecal microbial consortium and volatile fatty acid (VFA) content, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and VFA analysis were performed. Overall, bacterial evenness and diversity were greater at weaning compared to yearling and slaughter for both efficiency groups (P < 0.001). Feedlot RFI linearly decreased as both Shannon diversity and Ruminococcaceae abundance increased (R2 = 65.6 and 60.7%, respectively). Abundances of Ruminococcaceae, Rikenellaceae, and Christensenellaceae were higher at weaning vs. yearling age and slaughter (P < 0.001); moreover, these families were consistently more abundant in the feces of the low-RFI steers (for most of the timepoints evaluated; P ≤ 0.05), compared to the high-RFI steers. Conversely, abundances of Bifidobacteriaceae were numerically higher in the feces of the high-RFI steers throughout their lifespan. Total VFA concentrations increased at slaughter compared to weaning and yearling for both efficiency groups (P < 0.001). The acetate:propionate ratio decreased linearly (P < 0.001) throughout the life of the steers regardless of their efficiency, reflective of dietary changes. Our results indicate that despite fluctuations due to animal age and dietary changes, specific bacterial families may be correlated with feed efficiency of steers. Furthermore, such differences may be identifiable at earlier stages of the production cycle, potentially as early as weaning.
Applicability and Efficiency of a Computerized Adaptive Test for the Washington Assessment of the Risks and Needs of Students.

The Washington Assessment of the Risks and Needs of Students (WARNS) is a computer-based assessment created to help courts, schools, and youth service providers determine an adolescent’s risks and ...
A Weak Groethendieck Compactness Principle for Infinite Dimensional Banach Spaces

A Weak Grothendieck Compactness Principle for Infinite Dimensional Banach Spaces Kaitlin Bjorkman The goal of this thesis is to give an exposition of the following recent result of Freeman, Lennard, Odell, Turett and Randrianantoanina [3] A Banach space has the Schur property if and only if every weakly compact set is contained in the closed convex hull of a weakly null sequence. This result complements an old result of Grothendieck (now called the Grothendieck Compactness Principle) stating that every norm compact subset of a Banach space is contained in the closed convex hull of a norm null sequence. We include many of the relevant definitions and preliminary results which are required in the proofs of both of these theorems. Dissertation Director: Dr. Kevin Beanland A Weak Grothendieck Compactness Principle for Infinite Dimensional Banach Spaces
Data, consistency and feedback: a new approach to robust direct adaptive control

The performance guarantee provided by robust control is a mathematical fiction, existing only subject to unverifiable assumptions about model error bounds. Realistically, the best that can be hoped for are control performances that are not falsified by past data. This paper gives a formal definition for a "unfalsified controller," and shows how controllers whose performance capabilities are not falsified by past data can be obtained directly from the data.
Noninvasive recognition of the parchment right ventricle (Uhl's anomaly arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia) syndrome

The case of a 53-year-old man with right heart failure, selective enlargement of the right-sided cardiac chambers, and recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia is presented. Echocardiographic, radionuclide ventriculographic, and angiographic studies were typical of the right ventricular abnormalities in Uhl's anomaly; electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic findings were those of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. Features of this unusual cause of cardiac failure and ventricular arrhythmias in the adult are reviewed, and compared to previous reports of both Uhl's anomaly and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. We postulate that these two syndromes are manifestations of a single, presumably congenital, pathophysiologic process--the "parchment right ventricle" syndrome.
Glomerular disease in the elderly population.

As the second millennium dawns, it has become increasingly apparent that the elderly population will constitute an increasing fraction of the total disease burden of society. In the last decade of the 20th Century, approximately one in every 15 individuals was over the age of 65 and as the ‘baby boomers’ reach maturity, this fraction was expected to increase. Renal disease, in general, becomes increasingly common with aging, particularly those diseases related to urinary-tract obstruction and infection and to atherosclerosis. However, glomerular disease also is quite prevalent. The types of glomerular disease observed in the elderly generally reflect those seen in the population as a whole, however, certain disorders may have an increased prevalence among them. For example, renal complications of type 2 non-insulin dependent diabetes are seen with increasing frequency in the aging population. Amyloidosis, renal para-neoplastic syndromes and adverse effects of therapeutic agents are examples of renal and glomerular disorders also seen with increased frequency in older patients. This paper discusses glomerular disease in the elderly, focusing on specific issues of geriatric care that need to be embraced by practicing nephrologists.
Isolation of the outer layer of the nuclear envelope. Composition of the RNA.

A new method is presented for the isolation of the outer layer of the nuclear envelope and its attached ribosomes. Nuclei isolated from rat livers by the method of Chauveau et al. were treated with 2.5% citric acid to separate the outer layer of the nuclear envelope from the remainder of the nucleus. Morphological evidence showed that the precipitate obtained by high speed centrifugation of the citric acid extract contained both membranes and ribosomes. Evidence that the RNA of the outer layer of the nuclear envelope is a mixture of ribosomal and other RNAs was obtained by kinetic studies, UV and 32P nucleotide analyses, and the effects of actinomycin D. The kinetics of labeling of the 18S and 28S RNA of the outer layer of the nuclear envelope with orotic 14C-2-acid were intermediate between those of cytoplasmic ribosomal RNA and nuclear RNA. Maximal labeling was found in 6 h for RNA of the nuclear envelope, 46 h for ribosomal RNA, and 40 min for nuclear RNA. The half-lives of the 18S and 28S RNA of the outer layer of the nuclear envelope were shorter than those of ribosomal RNA and longer than those of nuclear RNA. Although the UV base compositions of nuclear RNA and RNA of the outer layer of the nuclear envelope were similar, the 18S RNA of the latter had a higher content of uridylic acid and a lower content of guanylic acid than nuclear 18S RNA. The 28S RNA of the nuclear envelope had a higher content of adenylic and uridylic acids and a lower content of cytidylic and guanylic acids than nuclear 28S RNA. The distribution of 32P in the nucleotides of 18S RNA of the outer layer of the nuclear envelope was similar to that of nuclear 18S RNA. For the 28S RNA of the nuclear envelope, the differences were more marked. The 28S RNA of the nuclear envelope had a lower 32P content in uridylic acid and a higher 32P content in guanylic and cytidylic acids than nuclear 28S RNA. Actinomycin D inhibited the labeling of nuclear 18S and 28S RNA equally but in the outer layer of the nuclear envelope the labeling of 18S RNA was inhibited by more than 50% with no significant effect on labeling of the 28S RNA.
A Note on Approximate Counting for k -DNF

We describe a deterministic algorithm that, for constant k, given a k-DNF or k-CNF formula φ and a parameter e, runs in time linear in the size of φ and polynomial in 1/e (but doubly exponential in k) and returns an estimate of the fraction of satisfying assignments for φ up to an additive error e. This improves over previous polynomial (but super-linear) time algorithms. The algorithm uses a simple recursive procedure and it is not based on derandomization techniques. It is similar to an algorithm by Hirsch for the related problem of solving k-SAT under the promise that an e-fraction of the assignments are satisfying. Our analysis is different from (and somewhat simpler than) Hirsch’s.
Laser-induced ionization and damage of high-performance optics by ultrashort pulses

Damage of high-performance optics by ultrashort laser pulses is attributed to the laser-induced ionization and electron excitation. New theoretical models and current state of knowledge in the field are overviewed and critically analyzed based on the recent developments and results.
Accounting for Exchange Transactions: An Alternative Perspective.

This paper presents a simple alternative method of recording exchange transactions that is theoretically superior to the popular gross method and is more informative than either the net or gross method.
Synthesis of 2-Cycloalkenones (Parts of 1,4-Diacyl-1,3-butadiene Systems) and of a Heterocyclic Analogue by Metal-Catalyzed Decomposition of 2-Diazoacylfurans

Furans with side-chains at C(2) of various lengths terminating in diazomethyl keto groups are shown to undergo Rh2(OAc)4-catalyzed furan unravelling with the production of 2-cyclopentenone, 2-cyclohexenone, and 2-cycloheptenone to each of whose olefinic C(β) is attached an acrylaldehyde unit. Interposition of a cyclohexane or a methylaminomethylene moiety between the furan and diazoketo functions leads to the formation of a hydroindenone and pyrrolone, respectively. Replacement of the diazomethylketo terminus by an α-diazoethylketo system or a α-diazo-β-keto-ester function produces 2-substituted 2-cycloalkenones. A furan with a C4, diazo-methylketo-terminating side-chain at C(3) is described to be transformed into a 4-formylmethylidene-2-cyclohe-xenone.
Configurational Changes of Polypeptide Molecules in the Helix-Coil Transition Region, I.

Formal expressions are derived for the mean square of the end-to-end distance and the electric moment of polypeptide molecules in the helix-coil transition region. It is assumed that each amino acid residue of a polypeptide molecule in the transition region is involved either in a helical section or in a randomly coiled section. A partition function of a polypeptide molecule is constructed by means of the matrix method. First, the partition function is used in obtaining the average of some scalar quantities, e.g., the mean fraction of residues involved in helical sections. Next, we obtain the average of a product of martices, which is used in calculating the mean square of the end-to-end distance and the electric moment. Expressions for the α-helix are also derived. An improved partition function including various effects, e.g., the end effect, is given in the appendix.
Vascular expression of integrin-associated protein and thrombospondin increase after mechanical injury.

Background Integrin-associated protein (IAP) is a thrombospondin (TSP)-binding, Gi protein-coupled cell surface receptor. The vascular function of IAP has not been defined, and it is not known whether TSP and IAP are expressed at the same time in injured arteries. Methods Left brachial arteries of baboons were injured using balloon withdrawal technique. Arteries were harvested 1 week after injury, and immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were performed using standard techniques. Uninjured right brachial arteries served as a control. Proliferation studies were performed using cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC). Results We found significant IAP expression in the media and neointima 7 days after injury using BRIC-126, an immunoglobulin (Ig) G2b monoclonal antibody that recognizes IAP with high specificity. In contrast, IAP staining in the uninjured vessel was only observed in the endothelium. Concurrent with IAP expression, TSP mRNA and protein expression in the neointima and media was enhanced 1 week after injury. In cultured SMC, activation of IAP was sufficient to elicit a proliferative response. TSP-induced proliferation was inhibited by antibodies that block TSP binding to IAP and mimicked by 4N1K, a 10-amino acid peptide derived from the IAP binding site within the carboxyl terminus of TSP. Conclusions Vascular expression of IAP and TSP increased after mechanical injury and activation of IAP elicited a proliferative response in cultured SMC. These findings support the hypothesis that IAP participates in vascular healing responses.
Convergence of αvβ3Integrin–And Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor–Mediated Signals on Phospholipase Cγ in Prefusion Osteoclasts

The macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and alpha(v)beta(3) integrins play critical roles in osteoclast function. This study examines M-CSF- and adhesion-induced signaling in prefusion osteoclasts (pOCs) derived from Src-deficient and wild-type mice. Src-deficient cells attach to but do not spread on vitronectin (Vn)-coated surfaces and, contrary to wild-type cells, their adhesion does not lead to tyrosine phosphorylation of molecules activated by adhesion, including PYK2, p130(Cas), paxillin, and PLC-gamma. However, in response to M-CSF, Src(-/-) pOCs spread and migrate on Vn in an alpha(v)beta(3)-dependent manner. Involvement of PLC-gamma activation is suggested by using a PLC inhibitor, U73122, which blocks both adhesion- and M-CSF-mediated cell spreading. Furthermore, in Src(-/-) pOCs M-CSF, together with filamentous actin, causes recruitment of beta(3) integrin and PLC-gamma to adhesion contacts and induces stable association of beta(3) integrin with PLC-gamma, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and PYK2. Moreover, direct interaction of PYK2 and PLC-gamma can be induced by either adhesion or M-CSF, suggesting that this interaction may enable the formation of integrin-associated complexes. Furthermore, this study suggests that in pOCs PLC-gamma is a common downstream mediator for adhesion and growth factor signals. M-CSF-initiated signaling modulates the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin-mediated cytoskeletal reorganization in prefusion osteoclasts in the absence of c-Src, possibly via PLC-gamma.
Temperature-dependent photoabsorption cross section measurements of O2 at the NI airglow and auroral emission lines

Abstract In this Letter, we report the first temperature-dependent measurements (at 295, 373, 473 and 573 K) of the O 2 photoabsorption cross sections at the aeronomically important NI airglow and auroral emission lines (at 1200, 1492 and 1742 A) in the far ultraviolet spectral region. A high-current low-voltage argon mini-arc source was used as the light source in the present measurements. The measurements were carried out at a spectral resolution of 0.30 A at full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM). Direct application of the Beer-Lambert absorption equation yielded the absolute photoabsorption cross sections for O 2 at each NI emission lines of interest.
Team Planning for Unmanned Vehicles in the Risk-Aware Mixed-Initiative Dynamic Replanning System

The Navy envisions using heterogeneous teams of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and unmanned undersea vehicles (UUVs) for future missions. The operator must interact with both the team as an entity as well as with individual vehicles. To accomplish these missions, the team must autonomously plan activities to meet the team mission objectives while abiding by operating constraints. As part of the Office of Naval Research's (ONR) Intelligent Autonomy program, Draper is developing the risk-aware mixed-initiative dynamic replanning (RMDR) system. The RMDR operator specifies team-level tasking, approves generated plans, and may re-task the team during the mission. The operator tasking includes Search tasks with value and precedence constraints, UUV Sentry tasks, UAV communication relay tasks, as well as vehicle, task, and region constraints. The RMDR team planner allocates the tasking among the available vehicles to accomplish the team objectives, abiding by the constraints. This paper focuses on the team-level planning capabilities and algorithms, specifically the Search task optimization and the Communication Relay task assignment. The Search task algorithm allocates Search tasks to vehicles using a mixed- integer optimization formulation that minimizes the total mission time and maximizes mission value. The communication relay task assignment algorithm calculates communication locations and time intervals for UAVs to maximize communication coverage for the UUV tasks.
Advanced Sonic Boom Prediction Using the Augmented Burgers Equation

This paper presents an approach to predict the sonic boom ground signatures accurately by numerically solving the Augmented Burgers’ equation entirely in the time domain. The method is capable of predicting the shock thicknesses, thus improving the frequency spectrum of the ground signatures. This also improves the loudness calculation when compared to linear theory methods because the shock rise times are computed and not empirically adjusted or corrected. The method is capable of predicting under-track and off-track ground signatures, with or without wind effects, along with consideration for aircraft maneuvers. This method is very efficient and accurate, making it a very useful design tool in the development of supersonic cruise aircraft.
TRENDS IN AFRICAN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN FATHERS’ NURTURANCE AND INVOLVEMENT

Using Perceived Parental Acceptance-Rejection Theory (PARTheory), the re- lationship between perceived paternal nurturing and involvement and psychosocial de- velopmental outcomes in 202 college-aged African American and Caribbean American young adults were assessed. All dimensions of paternal nurturing and involvement were positively related to all positive psychosocial outcomes. However the relationship between the reported and desired parental behaviors was strongly negative for the African American population. This suggests that the assumption that father absence is undamaging and does not negatively impact psychosocial outcomes, may be false. Mean values of fathering variables and developmental outcomes also varied by ethnicity. Dif- ferences in correlations were also moderated by ethnicity.
The NH2-terminal Domain of Golgin-160 Contains Both Golgi and Nuclear Targeting Information

Abstract Golgin-160 is a member of the golgin family of Golgi-localized membrane proteins. The COOH-terminal two-thirds of golgin-160 is predicted to form a coiled-coil, with an NH2-terminal “head” domain. To identify the Golgi targeting information in golgin-160, full-length and deletion constructs tagged with green fluorescent protein were generated. The head domain alone was targeted to the Golgi complex in the absence of assembly with endogenous golgin-160. Further truncations from both ends of the head domain narrowed the Golgi targeting information to 85 amino acids between residues 172 and 257. Surprisingly, certain truncations of the head domain also specifically accumulated in the nucleus. Both a nuclear localization signal (masked in the full-length protein) and information for nuclear retention contributed to the nuclear localization of these truncations. Because the golgin-160 head is cleaved by caspases during apoptosis, we examined the localization of epitope-tagged proteins corresponding to all potential caspase cleavage fragments. Our data suggest that three of six fragments could be targeted to the nucleus, provided that they are released from Golgi membranes after cleavage. The finding that both Golgi and nuclear targeting information is present in the same region of golgin-160 suggests that this protein may have more than one function.
CAVERNOUS HAEMANGIOMA AND CHRONIC INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION IN A GYNAECOLOGICAL PATIENT

Summary Giant cavernous haemangioma is a rare cause of consumption coagulopathy. A 29-year-old gynaecological patient had severe postoperative bleeding secondary to this entity. Diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment are discussed.
Induced resistance to polychlorinated biphenyls confers cross-resistance and altered environmental fitness in a marine diatom☆

Abstract Since a variety of toxic chemicals is typically found in chronically polluted estuaries, the ability of a marine phytoplankter to develop resistance to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), as well as cross-resistance to DDT, was evaluated, as were concomitant alterations of the tolerance to environmental stresses other than pollution, including temperature, salinity and nutrient availability. A clone of the marine diatom, Ditylum brightwellii , sensitive to PCB, was pretreated with sublethal concentrations of PCB over a period of thirty days by two methods: (1) a single dose of 10 μg liter −1 and (2) progressively increasing doses from 10 to 30 μg liter −1 . Both methods produced resistance to PCB, as well as cross-resistance to DDT. Resistance was still present two years later despite no further exposure to PCB. The PCB-resistant strain exhibited greater tolerance to PCB than the PCB-sensitive strain under all environmental conditions where its growth was possible, even at salinities, temperatures and nitrogen levels quite different from those under which resistance was induced. PCB resistance, however, decreased the tolerance of the strain to lower salinities and nitrogen limitation but increased its tolerance to lower temperatures.
Data coordination and management in the Growth failure in Children with Renal Diseases Study

Summary The DCC of the GFRD Study works closely with the Administrative Core and with all participating clinical centers to ensure the timely collection of accurate, reliable, and complete data. The development and maintenance of a data-base management system, including continuous monitoring of all data, represent primary responsibilities of the DCC. Coordination and communication tasks in the multicenter study have been challenging but rewarding. Proper planning and positive attitudes have enhanced the effectiveness of the DCC throughout this clinical trial.
Noninvasive quantitative mapping of conductivity and dielectric distributions using RF wave propagation effects in high-field MRI

In this paper I show with phantom and animal experiments a non-invasive and quantitative method for measuring the conductivity and dielectric distributions based on high field magnetic resonance imaging. High field MRI is accompanied by significant RF wave propagation effects. They are observed as phase and magnitude variations of the image that cannot be removed by optimizing the static field homogeneity, or by improving the RF coils. These variations reflect the RF field distribution in the sample, and in fact obey a modified Helmholtz equation. By mapping both the phase and magnitude of the field with MRI techniques, both the conductivity and the dielectric constant are determined non-invasively. In phantom experiments at 1.5 tesla, conductivity values were measured at 4 mm resolution to 0.5 S/m accuracy. At 4.7 tesla, the accuracy was improved to 0.2 S/m, and the dielectric constant was measured to an accuracy of 5 (relative to vacuum) for 2cm regions.
Effectiveness and duration of intramuscular antimotion sickness medications.

Motion sickness inhibits gastric motility, making the oral route ineffective for medications. The intramuscular route is an effective alternative. The rotating chair was used to produce the M 111 level of motion sickness on the Graybiel Symptom Scale. The intramuscular medications given 30 minutes before rotation were compared with placebo (saline, 1 mL) for effectiveness and duration in increasing the number of tolerated head movements. Average placebo number of head movements was 294. Promethazine 25 mg increased head movements by 78% (P < .05), with a duration of 12 hours. Scopolamine 0.2 mg increased head movements by 91% (P < .05), with a duration of 4 hours. The effect of caffeine 250 mg and ephedrine 25 mg was not significant. When combined with scopolamine, ephedrine produced an 32% additive effect. Scopolamine 0.08 mg, 0.1 mg, and 0.2 mg and also promethazine 12.5 mg and 25 mg were significant (P < .05). Promethazine appears to be the drug of choice for intramuscular use because of a longer duration and a high level of effectiveness. Scopolamine was of high effectiveness, but had a duration of 4 hours. It was eight times as potent by the intramuscular as by the oral route.
Diethyldithiocarbamate Methyl Ester Sulfoxide, an Inhibitor of Rat Liver Mitochondrial Low Km Aldehyde Dehydrogenase and Putative Metabolite of Disulfiram

S-methyl N,N-diethylthiolcarbamate sulfoxide (DETC-MeSO) is a potent inhibitor of rat liver mitochondrial low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) both in vivo and in vitro, and has been proposed to be the metabolite responsible for ALDH2 inhibition by disulfiram. Diethyldithiocarbamate methyl ester (DDTC-Me), a key intermediate in the metabolism of disulfiram, has been shown to be bioactivated by microsomal monooxygenases to diethyldithiocarbamate methyl ester sulfoxide (DDTC-Me sulfoxide). Studies were conducted to determine if DDTC-Me sulfoxide was also an active metabolite of disulfiram and inhibitor of ALDH2. DDTC-Me sulfoxide inhibited ALDH2 in vitro with an IC50 of 10 microM, and in vivo with an ID50 of 31 mg/kg (170 mumol/kg). Maximal ALDH2 inhibition in vivo was observed 8 hr after the administration of 45.2 mg/kg DDTC-Me sulfoxide, with ALDH2 activity returning to control levels after 48 hr. Although DDTC-Me sulfoxide inhibited ALDH2 in vivo, DDTC-Me sulfoxide was not detected in plasma from rats treated with either disulfiram (75 mg/kg), DDTC-Me (122.25 mg/kg), or DDTC-Me sulfoxide (45.2 mg/kg). However, DDTC-Me and S-methyl N,N-diethylthiolcarbamate (DETC-Me) were detected in plasma from rats treated with DDTC-Me sulfoxide. In rats treated with DDTC-Me sulfoxide and challenged with ethanol, a small increase of approximately microM in blood acetaldhyde and an inconsistent drop in blood pressure was observed. In conclusion, DDTC-Me sulfoxide inhibited ALDH2 in vitro and in vivo, was less potent than DETC- MeSO, and was not detected after disulfiram administration.
Right ventricular dynamics during left ventricular assistance in closed-chest dogs

Abstract To determine the effects of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support on global right ventricular (RV) systolic mechanics, 8 closed-chest, conscious, sedated dogs were studied after placement of an LVAD (left ventricle to femoral artery bypass) and implantation of 27 tantalum markers into the left ventricular and RV walls for computation of biventricular volumes and geometry. Biplane cinefluoroscopic marker images and hemodynamic parameters were recorded during transient vena caval occlusion at various levels of LVAD support. Right ventricular contractility was assessed using end-systolic elastance and preload recruitable stroke work, and the myocardial (pump) efficiency of converting mechanical energy to external work (stroke work/total pressure-volume area) was calculated. With full LVAD support, RV end-diastolic volume increased from 60 ± 15 to 62 ± 17 mL ( p 5 ( p leftward septal shift ( p p p p > 0.74 and p > 0.33, respectively). Therefore, during LVAD support, global RV contractility is impaired with leftward septal shifting, but RV myocardiol efficiency and power output are maintained through a decrease in RV afterload and an increase in RV preload.
Relationship between low-frequency noise and resistance drift in metal films.

The use of low-frequency noise methods for the measurement of resistive drift in thin metal film samples is analyzed. Several simple results are derived relating resistance changes in the sample to the measured low-frequency noise. Low-frequency-noise measurements of aluminum thin films were made in the regimes of a stable sample resistance, a sample resistance that was linearly increasing with time and a sample resistance that was increasing by discrete resistance steps with time. In all cases the measured spectrum was well predicted by the change in the resistance of the sample.
Analytical laws of mortality in actuarial mathematics

The choice of an appropriate statistical model for a real‐life application is often difficult. Standard examples given in a traditional calculus‐based course in probability and statistics do not provide students with a taste of the challenge usually associated with finding a satisfactory theoretical probability distribution in certain important applications. In addition, the assessment of the goodness of fit in practical terms is not usually discussed. To illustrate the difficulties of modelling, analytical laws of mortality are proposed using probability functions that are commonly discussed in a standard probability and statistics text intended for undergraduates in mathematics and statistics. An assessment is made of the resulting quality of approximations obtained for the valuation of premiums regarding a term life insurance policy.
Effect of hyperthyroidism on body weight gain and feed consumption in male and female rats.

SummaryMale and female rats of Sprague-Dawley-Rolfsmeyer strain, age 26 days, were injected daily with 3.0, 6.0, 9.0, and 12.0 μg L, thyroxine/100 g BW for 200 days in comparison with normal groups. Lowest level was 3 X mean TSR and equal to highest rate observed in lactating rats. In females, weight gain was reduced by less than 10% in comparison with controls with increasing age, and no trend toward greater weight restriction was observed on higher levels of T4. In males, increased weight restriction appeared at 40 days and beyond, and was more marked than in females. Levels of 6 μg and above permitted gain equal to 60 to 70% of that of controls. Food consumption increased progressively on higher T4 levels but females showed less increase than did males.
Throughput of random access without message passing

We develop distributed scheduling schemes that are based on simple random access algorithms and that have no message passing. In spite of their simplicity, these schemes are shown to provide high throughput performance: they achieve the same performance as that of some maximal scheduling algorithms, e.g. Maximum Size scheduling algorithms.
An OCR based approach for word spotting in Devanagari documents

This paper describes an OCR-based technique for word spotting in Devanagari printed documents. The system accepts a Devanagari word as input and returns a sequence of word images that are ranked according to their similarity with the input query. The methodology involves line and word separation, pre-processing document words, word recognition using OCR and similarity matching. We demonstrate a Block Adjacency Graph (BAG) based document cleanup in the pre-processing phase. During word recognition, multiple recognition hypotheses are generated for each document word using a font-independent Devanagari OCR. The similarity matching phase uses a cost based model to match the word input by a user and the OCR results. Experiments are conducted on document images from the publicly available ILT and Million Book Project dataset. The technique achieves an average precision of 80% for 10 queries and 67% for 20 queries for a set of 64 documents containing 5780 word images. The paper also presents a comparison of our method with template-based word spotting techniques.
Flow Resistance and Drag Forces Due to Multiple Adherent Leukocytes in Postcapillary Vessels

Computational fluid dynamics was used to model flow past multiple adherent leukocytes in postcapillary size vessels. A finite-element package was used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations for low Reynolds number flow of a Newtonian fluid past spheres adhering to the wall of a cylindrical vessel. We determined the effects of sphere number, relative geometry, and spacing on the flow resistance in the vessel and the fluid flow drag force acting to sweep the sphere off the vessel wall. The computations show that when adherent leukocytes are aligned on the same side of the vessel, the drag force on each of the interacting leukocytes is less than the drag force on an isolated adherent leukocyte and can decrease by up to 50%. The magnitude of the reduction depends on the ratio of leukocyte to blood vessel diameter and distance between adherent leukocytes. However, there is an increase in the drag force when leukocytes adhere to opposite sides of the vessel wall. The increase in resistance generated by adherent leukocytes in vessels of various sizes is calculated from the computational results. The resistance increases with decreasing vessel size and is most pronounced when leukocytes adhere to opposite sides of the vessel.
Is a ‘rainbow coalition’ a good way to govern?

Abstract As the recently re-elected President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was putting the finishing touches to a new cabinet for his second term in office, we asked two experts on democracy to set out their views on the desirability and likely consequences of his finding a place in this new coalition for all or most of the parties that had gained seats in the parliament. In the event, the new cabinet was announced shortly before this issue went to press. As had been widely expected, the president did indeed opt for a wide coalition, appointing to the ministry individuals from most – but not all-parties represented in parliament. The following discussion of the merits and likely consequences of this approach is therefore very timely and useful for understanding how the incoming administration is likely to function. The first of our experts, Larry Diamond, is senior fellow at the Hoover Institution and the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies at Stanford University, and directs Stanford's Center ...
Multifunctional hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase and the ‘tuning’ of blood glucose levels

The enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase shows a potent capacity to synthesize glucose 6-phosphate as well as to degrade it. This synthetic activity can serve as an adjunct to glucokinase in hepatic glucose phosphorylation and may function in liver-mediated, adjustable maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis.
Dynamic yield behavior of shock-loaded iron from 76 to 573°k☆

Abstract The dynamic yield behavior of Ferrovac E iron was studied over a temperature range of 76–573°K. Large diameter-to-thickness ratio discs were shock loaded, producing a state of uniaxial strain and strain rates of ~10 5 sec −1 . The dynamic yield stress for 12.6-mm thick discs was found to be 9.61 ± 0.13 kbar regardless of temperature. This was in contrast to the highly temperature sensitive quasi-static yield stress which decreased by a factor of 2.5 between 76 and 298°K. The shock-loading data were analyzed in terms of dislocation models which previously have been applied in describing the decay of the dynamic yield point at constant temperature with increasing propagation distance. None of the models provided an adequate fit to both the new data involving the effect of temperature on the dynamic yield stress at a constant propagation distance and previous data of Taylor and Rice on the effect of propagation distance on the dynamic yield stress at a constant temperature. From the failure of these various models to correctly describe the dynamic yielding of iron, it would seem that some of the assumptions utilized in applying the dislocation theories to the description of dynamic yielding under shock loading need further study. Of particular importance are the assumptions that dislocation acceleration and relativistic effects are negligible. Twinning was observed to occur at shock-loading stress levels slightly above the dynamic yield stress but did not occur at lower stresses. It was concluded that the motion of twinning dislocations is the mechanism of dynamic yielding of iron.