cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
762-3 Modified Ultrafiltration Reduces Airway Pressures and Improves Lung Compliance After Congenital Heart Surgery

Following surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD) decreased Dynamic Compliance (DC) (Δvolume/Δpressure) results in increased airway pressures, impaired cardiovascular function and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Modified ultrafiltration (MUF) reduces total body water, promotes hemoconcentration after separation from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and may improve cardiorespiratory performance. MUF is accomplished by connecting the arterial cannula in series to a roller pump, an ultrafilter and the venous cannula. To determine the acute effects of CPB and MUF on respiratory mechanics (RM) after surgery for CHD, 18 pts were evaluated. The control (CTL) group consisted of 7 pts age 1 wk–9 mo and wgt 2.5–7 kg. The 11 successive pts who underwent MUF were aged 1 wk–9 yrs and wgt 3.5–23.9 kg. Diagnoses of the study group included TOF (3), AVSD (2), AS (1), cor triatriatum (1), DORV (1), HLHS (1), MS (1) and truncus arteriosus (1). RM were measured in the OR using a pneumotach and RM monitor. The peak airway pressure and peak end expiratory pressure were obtained Pre CPB, Post CPB and Post MUF (20 min post CPB in CTL group) with the tidal volume held constant. Following 17 ± 2 min of MUF, the HCT increased from 17 ± 1 to 39 ± 3% p = 0.0002. Group Pre CPB DC Post CPB DC Post MUF or 20 min post CPB DC CTL (n = 7) 4.8 ± 0.8 3.7 ± 0.5 * 3.8 ± 0.4 * MUF (n = 11) 11.3 ± 33 8.0 ± 2.2 # 10.1 ± 2.3 τ * = P l 0.05 vs Ctl Pre CPB # = Pl 0.05 τ = p = ns vs MUF Pre CPB In the CTL group there was a significant reduction in DC after CPB which persisted 20 min after CPB. However, in the MUF group the reduction in DC after CPB was reversed by MUF. MUF improves DC, possibly due to a reduction in lung water. By increasing DC, MUF allows a reduction in airway pressures thereby potentially decreasing the negative impact of elevated airway pressures on cardiovascular function and improving cardiorespiratory interactions. These acute findings suggest that MUF may improve cardiorespiratory function thereby decreasing length of ventilation and length of hospital stay. Randomized studies are therefore indicated.
Collision-induced spin exchange of alkali-metal atoms with 3He

Collisions of atoms and molecules in external electromagnetic fields can depolarize electronic and nuclear spins, leading to decoherence of quantum superposition states. The fundamental microscopic processes giving rise to spin depolarization are spin exchange and spin relaxation. In this work, we present an analysis of spin exchange transitions in collision of alkali metal atoms with 3He. We use accurate ab initio calculations to evaluate the electron spin density of Li-He and the interaction energy of Rb-He. The Fermi contact interaction constants for the complexes of Na, K, and Rb atoms with 3He are extracted from the measured frequency shift enhancement factors using the ab initio interaction potentials. The spin density calculations also yield the hyperfine pressure shift of Li-He.
A quantitative comparison of the effectiveness of instructional visual stimuli for therapy exercise

In the interest of determining if several visual instruction stimuli used in commercial exercise games/software are viable for use with rehabilitative exercise games/software, this study quantitatively compares a selection of instructional stimuli. We hypothesize that if a difference in the accuracy of the results produced by each stimuli type exists, this should indicate which instructional stimuli provide better instruction in comparison to the others.
The Relationship Between Cesarean Delivery and Gestational Age Among US Singleton Births

The increasing trend of delivering at earlier gestational ages has raised concerns of the impact on maternal and infant health. The delicate balance of the risks and benefits associated with continuing a pregnancy versus delivering early remains challenging. Among singleton live births in the United States, the proportion of preterm births increased from 9.7% to 10.7% between 1996 and 2004. The increase in singleton preterm births occurred primarily among those delivered by cesarean section, with the largest percentage increase in late preterm births. For all maternal racial/ethnic groups, singleton cesarean section rates increased for each gestational age group. Singleton cesarean section rates for non-Hispanic black women increased at a faster pace among all preterm gestational age groups compared with non-Hispanic white and Hispanic women. Further research is needed to understand the underlying reasons for the increase in cesarean section deliveries resulting in preterm birth.
The Hashtag Generation: The Twitter Phenomenon in Saudi Society

The objective of this paper is to describe and explain the extremely high usage of Twitter within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This topic relates strongly to the current transformations that Saudi society is undergoing, and helps to demonstrate the growing desire of the youth to express their opinions in the public sphere via social media. Although the government has attempted to censor Twitter and hold individual users accountable, in addition to legislation further criminalizing speech against the state, it has become clear that regulating the Twittersphere is incredibly difficult. Consequently, in recent years, the regime has taken a different approach and attempted to engage with the population via Twitter, creating accounts for ministries, high-profile princes, and other officials. While Twitter is commonly used to criticize the monarchy in Riyadh and explore taboo subjects, such as the right of women to drive, Saudis are also using it to defend conservative values and support the preservation of traditions. This forum is providing Saudis with access to lively and engaging debates in a way that was not previously possible.
Changes in antibacterial activity of triclosan and sulfa drugs due to photochemical transformations

Sulfa drugs and triclosan represent two classes of antibacterials that have been found in natural waters and for which photodegradation is anticipated to be a significant loss process. Parent antibacterial compounds and the products of photolysis reactions were compared for three sulfa drugs and triclosan to determine the extent to which photolysis affects their antibacterial potency on Escherichia coli DH5alpha. Sulfathiazole (median effective concentration [EC50] = 20.0 microM), sulfamethoxazole (EC50 = 12.3 microM), and sulfachloropyridazine (EC50 = 6.9 microM) inhibited bacterial growth but did not affect respiratory activity. Photolysis products of these sulfa drugs did not retain any measurable ability to inhibit growth. Triclosan inhibited both the growth (EC50 = 0.24 microM) and respiratory activity of E. coli DH5alpha. Triclosan photolysis products also exhibited no measurable effect on growth or respiratory activity. These experiments indicate that the products of triclosan and sulfa drug photolysis are unlikely to possess antibacterial activity in natural waters. The rapid screening method used for these two classes of compounds will be useful for helping to identify photolabile antibacterial compounds, for which photoproducts could require further investigation.
Gesture and Motor Skill in Relation to Language in Children with Language Impairment.

Purpose To examine gesture and motor abilities in relation to language in children with language impairment (LI). Method Eleven children with LI (aged 2;7 to 6;1 [years;months]) and 16 typically de...
Redundancy and Don't Cares in Logic Synthesis

A signal in a logical network is called redundant if it can be replaced by a constant without changing the function of the network. Detecting redundancy is important for two reasons: guaranteeing coverage in stuck-fault testing, and simplifying multilevel logic without converting to two levels. In particular, removing redundancy allows simplification in the presence of don't cares. The algorithm for redundancy removal described in this paper has been used successfully for both of the above purposes. It achieves savings in computer resources at the expense of possibly failing to discover some redundancies.
A case study: perspectives on a self-care deficit nursing theory-based curriculum.

This case study provides a descriptive analysis of administrative, faculty and student perspectives on use of and satisfaction with Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory (SCDNT) in one baccalaureate nursing programme's curriculum elements of (a) goals and objectives, (b) materials, (c) content, (d) nursing foci, and (e) evaluation The need for such an analysis is indicated by the wide acceptance and use of the SCDNT in education and the absence of any similar study Curriculum is conceptualized in the context of the Curriculum Model for the Study of Schooling, USA Administrative representatives included the dean of nursing, the director of the nursing programme, the two curriculum chairpersons and the programme co-ordinator The faculty and students from two specific courses provided the instructional and experiential perspectives Data collection included structured personal interviews and document review The investigator developed from the ideal perspective of the literature (Orem and related scholars) criteria for judging if the SCDNT indeed was implemented in the curriculum elements and the satisfaction with the theory The faculty perspective was the most similar to the ideal, and the administration's was the least similar Student and faculty perceptions were extremely similar All three perspectives were in near agreement with the ideal on the use of the SCDNT in goals and objectives, content and evaluation A major inconsistency was found. Each perspective expressed varying interpretations of the nursing process Pronounced patterns were examined, and implications for nursing education were stated.
Terrestrial implication of layering, bubble shape and minerals along faults in tektite origin

Abstract Both detrital mineral grains and minerals which crystallized in situ were first found in tektites along faults in Muong Nong-type indochinites from Kan Luang Dong, Thailand. The detrital mineral grains have the optical properties of quartz and are within the size range of quartz abundant in local soil and rock. Such a correspondence in grain size strongly implies that the tektites from Kan Luang Dong are locally derived. Layered tektites are probably the result of the accumulation in puddles of melt from flash fusion of bare patches of soil and rock. The faulting took place while the melt was very hot and the evidence for this is: (1) perfect welding of the fault-fractures with detrital grains equally embedded in the glass on either side of the welds, (2) growth of minerals along the faults, and (3) warping of the fault planes by movement of the melt following faulting.
A novel human gene encoding an F-box/WD40 containing protein maps in the SHFM3 critical region on 10q24.

Abstract We report the cloning and characterization of a new human gene, Dactylin, encoding a novel member of the F-box/WD40 protein family. The Dactylin gene comprises nine exons distributed in more than 85 kb of genomic DNA and encoding a protein with four WD40 repeats and an F-box motif. Northern blot analysis demonstrates a single 2.8 kb transcript in brain, kidney, lung and liver. FISH hybridization localized Dactylin to 10q24.3. Using an Msc I SNP identified in the first exon of the gene, we were able to assign Dactylin within the critical region for Split Hand Split Foot malformation (SHFM3) that has been mapped to 10q24. The SHFM3 phenotype includes absence or hypoplasia of the central digital rays, a deep median cleft and syndactyly of the remaining digits. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of F-box/WD40 proteins in the regulation of developmental processes, by a mechanism of specific ubiquitinization and subsequent proteolysis of target proteins belonging to the Wnt, Hh and NF-κB signaling pathways. The chromosomal location of Dactylin and its putative function as an F-box/WD40 repeat protein, likely to be involved in key signaling pathways crucial for normal limb development, make it a promising candidate gene for SHFM3.
Does Piaget's Graphic Collection (Stage I Classification) Exist?

Summary In an otherwise fine presentation of Piaget's theory, Brainerd made a number of distorted interpretations of the replication research of Piaget's three successive stages in classificatory development, and concludes that “… there is no evidence that Stage I even exists.” Very young children (ages 2.5 to 4.5), according to Piaget, tend to arrange elements (geometrical figures that can be classified according to color, shape, and size) in short or long lines or to place them in some spatial or pictorial arrangement. Piaget calls these arrangements graphic collections, and they represent the first stage of classification. Of the studies cited by Brainerd, two supported the graphic collection stage, the others did not methodologically deal with the issue, and most did not include the age-appropriate Ss. In order to test Piaget's classificatory stage development, a replication of the Genevan studies was conducted with 80 2- to 6-year children in Brazil, and the results were in total agreement with Piage...
Synthetic aperture radar imaging of a two-story building

This paper investigates the expected performance of a ground-based, multi-story building imaging radar system through far-field and near-field computer models. We created a 3-D computer-aided design model of a complex two-story building, simulated the radar response from this complex structure for various geometries and applied synthetic aperture radar image formation algorithms consistent with the simulation scenarios. In this study, we employed the Finite Difference Time Domain method and the Xpatch software to compute the radar signatures. The numerical results give a better understanding of the phenomenology of the scattering and imaging processes and show that relying solely on the far-field scattering data at one elevation angle is not sufficient to obtain the multi-story building layout. Multiple elevation angle views are required in order to determine the location of imaged objects in the vertical direction. Xpatch simulation results in a near-field strip-map configuration suggest a way to achieve this goal within the constraints of a ground-based radar system.
Concurrent validity of the Stanford-Binet fourth edition and K-ABC for head start children

Abstract The validity of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (SB-4) and that of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) were investigated with a sample of white and black preschool children from low-income families. The subjects for this study consisted of 89 Head Start children. The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale-Form LM (SB-LM) was used as a criterion measure with which to compare SB-4 and K-ABC scores. Some support was found for the concurrent and construct validity of both new instruments for use with high-risk black and white preschool children. However, further research on the construct and predictive validity of the SB-4 and K-ABC is needed before either is substituted for the SB-LM.
The Thermal Chemistry of 1-Chloro-3-Iodopropane (ClC3H6I) Adsorbed on Pt(111)

This paper describes the thermally activated surface chemistry of 1-chloro-3-iodopropane, ClC{sub 3}H{sub 6}I, on Pt(111). The work is related to companion studies on other C{sub 3}adsorbates investigated in the laboratory, including cyclopropane, c-C{sub 3}H{sub 6}. HREELS and XPS indicate negligible dissociation of ClC{sub 3}H{sub 6}I during adsorption at 100 K. During TPD, no ClC{sub 3}H{sub 6}I desorbs for coverages below 0.4 ML. For higher, but not multilayer coverages, parent ClC{sub 3}H{sub 6}I desorption occurs in two peaks, 200 and 230 K. After even larger doses, unsaturable multilayer desorption occurs at 170 K. HREELS indicates that most C-I bonds dissociate by 205 K. The following reaction paths are proposed on the basis of TPD and HREELS results. When the C-I bond breaks, 3-chloropropyl fragments, C{sub (a)}H{sub 2}CH{sub 2}CH{sub 2}Cl, are formed and these either lose HCl to form {eta}{sup 3}- or {eta}{sup 1}-allyl or lose a {beta}-hydrogen to form 3-chloro-di-{sigma}-propylene. Some {eta}{sup 3}-allyl groups hydrogenate to either propylene, some of which desorbs at 240 K, or n-propyl, some of which hydrogenates to release propane at 250 K. Other {eta}{sup 3}-allyl groups isomerize to {eta}{sup 1}-allyl. At 250 K, 3-chloro-di-{sigma}-propylene eliminates chlorine as HCl and also releases H atoms that hydrogenate neighboringmore » C{sub 3} fragments. The {eta}{sup 1}-allyl fragment either hydrogenates and desorbs as propylene at 325 K or isomerizes to propylidyne. Propyl and di-{sigma}-propylene moieties rearrange to form propylidyne or release propylene at 325 K. Interestingly, there is some benzene desorbing at 375 K. To account for it, a diene metallacycle is suggested. Atomic iodine desorbs at 825 K. Comparisons of the thermal chemistry of ClC{sub 3}H{sub 6}I on Ag(111) and Ni(100) are made as are comparisons of ClC{sub 3}H{sub 6}I with other C{sub 3} adsorbates on Pt(111).« less
Antisense RNAs and epigenetic regulation.

Antisense RNA is the first noncoding RNA found to have a regulatory function. With the advances of biological science, it has been recognized that the function of antisense RNAs is not only limited to post-transcriptional regulation, but extends to transcriptional regulation of various important genes leading to epigenetic changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications. Gene regulation by antisense RNA is a general phenomenon observed in eukaryotic cells while genome-wide natural antisense transcripts have been identified in many animals and plants. Antisense RNAs are not only involved in X-chromosome inactivation and imprinted silencing in normal cells, but aberrantly expressed antisense RNAs can also induce epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes in cancer cells and deletion-induced aberrant antisense RNAs lead to epigenetic silencing and diseases. While a general picture of the pathways involved in antisense RNA-mediated gene regulation has emerged, many questions remain. The mechanisms by...
Resveratrol: a whiff that induces a biologically specific tsunami.

Commentary to:Effects of Resveratrol on Gene Expression in Renal Cell CarcinomaTing Shi, Louis S. Liou, Provash Sadhukhan, Zhong-Hui Duan, Andrew C. Novick, John G. Hissong, Alexandru Almasan and Joseph A. DiDonato
Monitoring trends and accuracy of self-efficacy beliefs during interventions: Advantages and potential applications to school-based settings

Self-efficacy measures are context-specific assessment tools designed to evaluate students' perceptions of capability to attain specific outcomes on particular tasks. These measures are important because they possess several desirable features typical of progress-monitoring tools (i.e., context specific, free of reactive effects, strong psychometric properties), have been shown to be strong predictors of motivated and self-regulatory behaviors, and possess many advantages relative to more global self-report scales of motivation. In this article, a general framework for using these scales as a supplemental assessment tool to behavioral or skill-based assessments will be presented and discussed. The key focus of this article involves illustrating how practitioners can evaluate and interpret the trends in students' self-efficacy judgments as well as the accuracy of these judgments during the implementation and evaluation of academic interventions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamic manipulations of light pulses in an optically dense coherent medium

We present experimental and theoretical studies of EIT-based quantum memory that go beyond three-level system and account for enhanced nonlinear interactions at high optical depth.
Does Wealth Enhance Life Satisfaction for People Who are Materially Deprived? Exploring the Association among the Orang asli of Peninsular Malaysia

Recent studies investigating need theory and the extent to which money can buy happiness have called for more research within culturally homogeneous samples from developing countries to explore this relationship. We examine wealth as a measure of possessions and savings and relate this to subjective well-being (SWB) among poor indigenous farmers in Peninsular Malaysia. With hierarchical multiple regression, we find that the association between wealth and life satisfaction, after controlling for demographic variables, is positive and significant, β = 0.24, p<0.001. This effect is similar to effect sizes reported for other poor samples around the globe and is larger than what has been normally found in Western samples. Our analysis of the Malay translation of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) reveals rather low internal reliability and prompts us to explore the potential wealth-SWB relationship in the absence of measurement error. We find a larger effect size when measurement error is removed, r = 0.43. We discuss the use of latent variable analysis to better interpret wealth-SWB effect sizes and recommend its use for future studies that use SWLS translations. Finally, we find that age, education, family size, and recent illness, while weak zero-order correlates of SWB, become significant predictors of life satisfaction when included with wealth in the multiple regression model. Some explanations and implications of these findings are conjectured. Our study contributes a unique sample to the expanding literature in support of need theory, and may be one of the first to examine the relationship between wealth and life satisfaction among a country’s aboriginal people.
Memory and behavior: a second generation of genetically modified mice

The use of standard genetic techniques, such as gene targeting and transgenesis, to study cognitive function in adult animals suffers from the limitations that the gene under study is often altered in many brain regions, and that this alteration is present during the entire developmental history of the animal. Furthermore, to relate cognitive defects to neuronal mechanisms of memory, studies have relied on examining long-term potentiation - an artificially induced form of synaptic plasticity. Recent technical advances allow the expression of a genetic alteration in mice to be restricted both anatomically and temporally, making possible a more precise examination of the role of various forms of synaptic plasticity, such as long-term potentiation and long-term depression, in memory formation. Recordings from so-called 'place cells' -hippocampal cells that encode spatial location -in freely moving, genetically modified mice have further advanced our understanding of how the actual cellular representation of space is influenced by genetic alterations that affect long-term potentiation.
Multispectral imaging system using acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF)

This paper describes the development of a multispectral imaging (MSI) device using AN acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF). A 2D charge-coupled device (CCD) was used as a detector. The AOTF was used as a wavelength selector. Unlike a tunable grating or prism based monochromator, the tunable filter has no moving parts, and it can be rapidly tuned to any wavelength in its operating range. The large aperture of the AOTF and its high spatial resolution allowed the optical image from an IFP to be recorded by the CCD. These characteristics, combined with their small size, make AOTFs important new alternatives to conventional monochromators, especially for spectral imaging in biomedical applications.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Cleft palate: players, pathways, and pursuits

Cleft lip and palate is a common human birth defect, and its causes are being dissected through studies of human populations and through the use of animal models. Mouse models in particular have made a substantial contribution to our understanding of the gene pathways involved in palate development and the nature of signaling molecules that act in a tissue-specific manner at critical stages of embryogenesis. Related work has provided further support for investigating the role of common environmental triggers as causal covariates.
Microelectrophoresis apparatus employing palladium electrodes

Abstract Microelectrophoresis apparatus for the electrokinetic study of suspended particles has been improved by the use of a novel palladium electrode system. These electrodes, suitably charged with atomic hydrogen by cathodic electrolysis, permit high current densities without evolving gas, and under prescribed operating conditions do not contaminate the suspensions under study with heavy metal ions or other electrode reaction products. Other features of the apparatus described are a precision-built, laterally oriented, flat observation chamber, phase contrast optics, a constant-current power supply, and a water bath for rapid dissipation of ohmic heat and maintenance of constant temperature. The simplicity of the electrodes makes them easily adaptable to any type of observation chamber.
Effect of heparin on insulin-glucose interactions measured by the minimal model technique: Implications for reproducibility using this method

The minimal model technique permits investigation of glucose and insulin interactions during a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT). The model allows measurement of several important variables including insulin sensitivity (SI), glucose effectiveness at basal insulin (SG), and glucose effectiveness at zero insulin (GEZI). In addition, from the FSIGT, first-phase insulin secretion (AIRglucose) and the glucose disappearance constant (Kg) can be estimated. The estimates obtained using the minimal model technique could be of importance in understanding potential relationships between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. In studying lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and mass as one of the elements of lipid metabolism, heparin administration is necessary. However, the effect of administration of this agent on factors important in carbohydrate metabolism has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, to assess the effect of heparin on insulin-glucose interactions, we performed paired studies in which subjects randomly underwent FSIGT studies 20 minutes following bolus injections of heparin or saline. None of the measured parameters was influenced by heparin administration just before the FSIGT. Since these estimates were not affected by heparin administration, these studies also permitted assessment of the coefficient of variation of replicate analysis for all values generated using the minimal model technique. The coefficients of variation of replicate analysis calculated from these two studies were 16.9% for SI, 16.6% for SG, 18.3% for GEZI, 20.6% for AIRglucose, and 14.5% for Kg. These results suggest that heparin can be administered as part of a procedure that would allow concurrent assessment of various aspects of both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Wax deposition modeling of oil/water stratified channel flow

Wax deposition modeling becomes complicated when multiphase flow is involved. Empirical heat and mass transfer correlations are unreliable for multiphase deposition modeling and full scale computational fluid dynamics calculations require expensive computational intensity. In this work, numerical methods are used to study wax deposition in oil/water stratified flow through a channel. A unidirectional flow analysis is used to calculate the nonisothermal hydrodynamics and mass transfer. It was found that the change in the position of the oil/water interface throughout the channel must be taken into accounted for the mass balance to be valid. Unfortunately, this change has not been accounted for in all previous studies. In addition, the growth of the wax deposit as a function of time along with the effect of oil/water flow rate ratio is discussed. The presence of water significantly reduces the severity of wax deposition by altering the heat and mass transfer characteristics. V C 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 57: 841–851, 2011
Scheimpflug anterior segment photography assessment of wound healing after myopic excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy

Abstract Purpose: To describe a method for analyzing Scheimpflug anterior segment images for a new measure of the cornea's response to excimer laser photoablation. Setting: Mericos Eye Institute, Scripps Memorial Hospital, La Jolla, California. Methods: Digitized Scheimpflug anterior segment photographs of operated and unoperated eyes were obtained in 17 patients 1 to 15 months after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). The images were analyzed to determine their dimensions. Each imaged opacity was compared with corneal haze observed by slitlamp biomicroscopy, intended ablation depth, postoperative corneal thickness, and refractive error change. Results: All postoperative corneas displayed a nonhomogeneous, meniscus-shaped pattern in the ablated area that ranged from 17 to 40% of corneal thickness. This pattern correlated poorly with intended laser ablation depth. Conclusion: This technique provides a new assessment of corneal response to PRK. Improvements in software analysis may facilitate quantitative assessment.
Whey protein film with oxygen scavenging function by incorporation of ascorbic acid.

UNLABELLED Residual O(2) in a package headspace can be removed by an O(2)-absorbing sachet, which can be harmful if swallowed by the consumer, or by a chemically-active plastic packaging film, which is difficult to recycle. An edible, O(2)-absorbing film would avoid these disadvantages. The objective of our research was to assess the O(2)-scavenging potential of an edible whey protein isolate (WPI) film incorporating ascorbic acid (AA). AA at 0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 M was added to 5% (w/w) heat-denatured WPI film-forming solutions with WPI : glycerol (Gly) ratio of 1: 1.00, 1: 0.80, or 1: 0.67. The pH of solutions was then adjusted to 3.5 (below pK(a1) of AA), to stabilize AA against oxidation, before film casting. The mechanical properties, O(2) permeabilities, and thermal transitions of films were measured. Activation of the O(2)-scavenging function of the AA-incorporated films was accomplished by adjustment of the films to pH ≥ 7. O(2)-scavenging ability of AA-incorporated WPI films was determined by measuring residual O(2) in the headspace of a high-barrier container. Incorporation of AA into WPI film decreased film tensile strength and further reduced O(2) permeability at each WPI : Gly ratio. AA-containing films adjusted to pH ≥ 7 demonstrated O(2) absorption proportional to AA content, consistent with theoretical O(2)-scavenging capacity. Thermal transition measurements indicated that AA was involved in WPI structural modification and decreased the degradation temperature of WPI-based film. The demonstrated O(2)-scavenging function, improved O(2) barrier and acceptable mechanical properties of AA-incorporated films indicate potential commercial usefulness. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Ascorbic acid-incorporated whey protein film with oxygen scavenging function can be used to extend shelf lives of a wide variety of oxygen-sensitive products by eliminating headspace oxygen as well as oxygen permeating through the packaging wall over time. Edible oxygen-scavenger film has the advantages of avoiding both accidental consumption and nonrecyclability of conventional oxygen scavenger systems.
Targeting of SNAP-25 to Membranes Is Mediated by Its Association with the Target SNARE Syntaxin

The docking and fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane require the interaction of the vesicle-associated membrane protein VAMP with the plasma membrane proteins syntaxin and SNAP-25. Both of these proteins behave as integral membrane proteins, although they are unusual in that they insert into membranes post-translationally. Whereas VAMP and syntaxin possess hydrophobic transmembrane domains, SNAP-25 does not, and it is widely believed that SNAP-25 traffics to and inserts into membranes by post-translational palmitoylation. In pulse-chase biosynthesis studies, we now show that SNAP-25 and syntaxin rapidly bind to each other while still in the cytosol of neuroendocrine and transfected heterologous cells. Cell fractionation studies revealed that cytosolic SNAP-25·syntaxin complexes then traffic to and insert into membranes. Furthermore, the association of SNAP-25 with membranes is dramatically enhanced by syntaxin, and the transmembrane domain of syntaxin is essential for this effect. Surprisingly, despite the importance of the SNAP-25 palmitoylation domain for membrane anchoring at steady state, removal of this domain did not inhibit the initial association of newly synthesized SNAP-25 with membranes in the presence of syntaxin. These data demonstrate that the initial attachment of newly synthesized SNAP-25 to membranes is a consequence of its association with syntaxin and that it is only after syntaxin-mediated membrane tethering that SNAP-25 is palmitoylated.
Antiphospholipid antibodies: basic immunology and assays

Great progress has been made within the past 10 years in characterizing, assaying, and describing mechanism(s) of action in vitro of antiphospholipid antibodies (a-PL Abs); three prominent members are reagin, anticardiolipin antibodies (a-CL Abs), and the lupus anticoagulants (LAC). The major focus of this review is on basic and current biochemical and immunologic research. First, the biochemistry, structural composition, and sources of anionic and dipolar ionic (zwitterionic) phospholipids are discussed together with several serum antibodies directed to these phospholipids. Cardiolipin, the most acidic phospholipid (net negative charge of 2 at pH 7.0) has been historically important as an antigen for testing reagin in syphilis serology, and currently is part of the antigenic composition used in the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) tests. In this connection, the chronic biological false-positive test for syphilis and the LAC are discussed in association with autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Second, a naturally occurring plasma anticoagulant in vitro and a critical cofactor for binding of purified autoimmune a-CL Abs to cardiolipin is considered, the beta 2-glycoprotein I (beta 2-gpI). This single-chain plasma polypeptide is highly glycosylated, has 326 amino acids, a molecular weight of 50 kD, and is characterized by repeating amino acid motifs or domains that structurally resemble multiple loops. The highly cationic C-terminal fifth domain binds to anionic phospholipids. The beta 2-gpI is a member of the short consensus repeat superfamily of proteins, and is compared with other proteins with similar domains. Third, experiments are detailed for defining LAC and distinguishing it from other a-CL Abs. Cofactors are also associated with LAC and include beta 2-gpI, prothrombin, protein C, protein S, tissue factor, and factor XI. Thus, LAC antibodies are heterogeneous, and no individual assay can detect all LACs. Because patients with syphilis and other infectious diseases have no cofactor associated with a-CL Abs, their plasma LACs are negative. The a-CL Abs found in infection are not associated with the clinical features of the antiphospholipid syndrome. LAC assays are important because of the pathogenetic association with clinical observations of venous and arterial thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, and recurrent fetal loss. Finally, reports leading to development of currently used direct solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for testing a-PL Abs are outlined; these developments have greatly increased understanding of the basic immunology of target antigens and their respective antibodies. Of significance, a-CL Abs cross-react with other anionic phospholipids. Additionally, the results of these assays led to the realization that high levels of circulating a-PL Abs over long periods are associated with a number of clinical problems now known collectively as the antiphospholipid syndrome.
Gender determinants of opioid mediation of swim analgesia in rats

Abstract Continuous cold-water swims (CCWS) and intermittent cold-water swims (ICWS) elicit respective nonopioid and opioid analgesic responses in adult male rats. The present experiment evaluated whether gender differences were observed in naloxone's (14 mg/kg, SC) ability to alter differentially CCWS and ICWS analgesia on the tail-flick and jump tests in age-matched and weight-matched intact rats and in gonadectomized rats. CCWS analgesia was unaffected by naloxone on either test in age-matched males and females. Naloxone significantly reduced ICWS analgesia on the tail-flick (45%) and jump (37%) tests in intact males, but not age-matched females. Naloxone significantly reversed ICWS analgesia in weight-matched males on the tail-flick (1–14 mg/kg, 30–32%) and jump (14 mg/kg, 31%) tests. Naloxone also significantly reduced ICWS analgesia on the tail-flick (32%) and jump (41%) tests in castrated males, but not ovariectomized females. Changes in swim hypothermia could not account for the above effects. These data indicate gender differences in naloxone's differential modulation of swim analgesia, and reflect further differences in pain-inhibitory responses as a function of gender.
Dynamic analysis of hybrid energy systems under flexible operation and variable renewable generation – Part I: Dynamic performance analysis

Abstract Dynamic analysis of HES (hybrid energy systems) under flexible operation and variable renewable generation is considered in this two-part communication to better understand various challenges and opportunities associated with the high variability arising from integrating renewable energy into the power grid. Unique consequences are addressed by devising advanced HES solutions in which multiple forms of energy commodities, such as electricity and chemical products, may be exchanged. Dynamic models of various unit operations are developed and integrated within two different HES options. One HES option, termed traditional, produces electricity only and consists of a primary heat generator, a steam turbine generator, a wind farm, and a battery storage. The other HES option, termed advanced, includes not only the components present in the traditional option but also a chemical plant complex to repurpose excess energy for non-electricity services, such as for the production of chemical goods. In either case, a given HES is connected to the power grid at a point of common coupling and requested to deliver a certain electricity generation profile as dictated by a regional power grid operator based on a predicted demand curve. A dynamic performance analysis of these highly-coupled HES is conducted in this part one of the communication to identify their key dynamical properties and limitations and to prescribe solutions for best managing and mitigating the high variability introduced from incorporating renewable energy into the energy mix.
Promiscuous Origin of a Chimeric Sequence in the Escherichia coli O157:H7 Genome

A novel sequence of 2.9 kb in the intergenic region between the mutS and rpoS genes of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and closely related strains replaces a sequence of 6.1 kb in E. coli K-12 strains. At the same locus in Shigella dysenteriae type 1, a sequence identical to that in O157:H7 is bounded by the IS1 insertion sequence element. Extensive polymorphism in the mutS-rpoS chromosomal region is indicative of horizontal transfer events.
Breaking the Codex: Brendan Fernandes's Recent Work

This article examines two recent projects by the Brooklyn-based artist Brendan Fernandes at the Guggenheim Museum and Art in General. It argues that Fernandes's practice is important because it shows the language-power relations by which cultural identification is produced, and it takes those relations as his work's central problem.
The Politics of Health as a School-Sponsored Ethic: Foucault, Neoliberalism, and the Unhealthy Employee

This article describes the emergence of health policies targeted at the unhealthy school employee by examining how these are manifest in a Nevada school district. The analysis draws on the work of Foucault, specifically his writings on governmentality. The purpose of this critical appraisal is to problematize school-sponsored health policies by suggesting possible ramifications for these kinds of activities. It is salient for educational scholars and practitioners to consider how these policies, advocated in the name of health, work to construct certain ideologies and correspondingly, how these constructions affect the ways in which school work is managed and regulated.
High performance MPI-2 one-sided communication over InfiniBand

Many existing MPI-2 one-sided communication implementations are built on top of MPI send/receive operations. Although this approach can achieve good portability, it suffers front high communication overhead and dependency on remote process for communication progress. To address these problems, we propose a high performance MPI-2 one-sided communication design over the InfiniBand Architecture. In our design, MPI-2 one-sided communication operations such as MPI-Put, MPI-Get and MPI-Accumulate are directly mapped to InfiniBand Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) operations. Our design has been implemented based on MPICH2 over InfiniBand. We present detailed design issues for this approach and perform a set of microbenchmarks to characterize different aspects of its performance. Our performance evaluation shows that compared with the design based on MPI send/receive, our design can improve throughput up to 77%, and reduce latency and synchronization overhead up to 19% and 13%, respectively. Under certain process skew, the bad impact can be significantly reduced by new design, from 41% to nearly 0%. It also can achieve better overlap of communication and computation.
Cyclooxygenase metabolites contribute to oleic acid-induced lung edema by a pressure effect.

We investigated the role that lung-derived arachidonic acid metabolites play in the acute changes in pulmonary hemodynamics, airway function, and lung fluid balance following oleic acid-induced injury in the isolated blood free perfused lung. A bolus injection of oleic acid (OA) emulsion (12 mg) into the pulmonary artery caused a rapid increase in pulmonary arterial pressure, inspiratory pressure, and weight gain. These pathophysiologic changes were not due to emboli per se, but were correlated with release of the vaso- and broncho-constrictive prostanoids, tbromboxane A2 (measured as throm-boxane B2) and prostaglandin F2α. The leukotrienes (C4, D4, and E4) and prostacyclin (measured as 6 keto-prostaglandin F1α) were not released by OA injury. Ibuprofen, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, blocked the release of the vasoconstrictive prostanoids and also attenuated the rise in pressures and the development of edema indicating an important functional role for the prostanoids in the fluid imbalance. Ibuprofen also a...
Odor transport in turbulent flows: Constraints on animal navigation

Odor plumes are common features of aquatic and terrestrial environments, forming an olfactory landscape through which animals must navigate to locate resources and avoid potential hazards. Time-averaged concentration profiles suggest that plumes consist of stable gradients in odor that animals may use for orientation. However, the time scales necessary to generate such profiles are much longer than those typically associated with the neural or behavioral components of odor-mediated search. In contrast, plume measurements made at biologically relevant scales have indicated that turbulent plumes consist of discrete odor filaments separated by clean water. In addition, certain characteristics of individual odor filaments may vary consistently with distance from the odor source, thus providing directional information to a navigating organism. Unfortunately, there is no method to predict the distribution of these putative chemical cues, and our knowledge of odor dispersal is limited to very few laboratory flume studies. Here, we present the results of a field study during which we measured the distributions of the time-averaged concentration, properties of odor filaments, conditional statistics, and relevant hydrodynamic mixing parameters. Many of the observed odor plume characteristics have similar spatial distributions through a range of hydrodynamic conditions. The high degree of similarity in the distribution of many odor plume characteristics suggests that organisms can rely on any number of metrics to successfully orient in an odor plume. However, the temporal and spatial scales of odor dispersal may constrain the strategies used by navigating organisms and influence the efficiency of odor-mediated search. These field results should provide the basis for further empirical and theoretical work on chemosensory-mediated behavior of aquatic animals.
Fatal Bacillus cereus sepsis following resolving neutropenic enterocolitis during the treatment of acute leukemia.

Bacillus cereus is increasingly being acknowledged as a serious bacterial pathogen in immunosuppressed hosts. We report a case of fatal B. cereus sepsis in a patient with newly diagnosed acute leukemia following resolving neutropenic enterocolitis. Gastrointestinal complaints are common during induction chemotherapy, yet some antimicrobial coverage suitable for generalized neutropenia is not optimal for the eradication of B. cereus. This case demonstrates that, in the neutropenic patient with gastrointestinal complaints or in the setting of resolving neutropenic enterocolitis, it is important to anticipate possible B. cereus infection and sepsis.
Asteroid rotation: I. Tabulation and analysis of rates, pole positions and shapes

Abstract Data are presented for the 182 asteroids whose rotational properties are available in the literature. Plots are provided for the asteroid rotational frequency f and lightcurve amplitude Δm versus asteroid size; the latter is determined using standard methods if data are available but otherwise is estimated from asteroid albedos, selected depending on taxonomic type or orbital position. A linear least-squares fit to all the data shows that f increases with decreasing size, confirming McAdoo and Burns' (1973) result; this is demonstrated to be primarily caused by relatively more small non-C than C asteroids in our sample, coupled with a slower mean rotation rate for C asteroids (P ≈ 11 hr) than non-C asteroids (P ≈ 9 hr). In terms of the collisional theory of Harris (1979a), this means that the C's are less dense than the other minor planets. Any slight tendency for smaller asteroids to spin faster, even within a taxonomic type, could be due to selection effects; our data are not extensive enough to determine whether the very smallest (⪅ 10-km diameter) spin especially fast. The minor planets of our survey become more irregular at smaller sizes, disputing the conclusions of Bowell (1977b), Degewij (1977), and Degewij et al. (1978), based on other, perhaps more complete, data; selection effects may account for this disagreement. Shapes do not appear to depend on taxonomic type. The dispersion of asteroid rotation rates from the mean is found to be in excellent agreement with a three-dimensional Maxwellian distribution, such as would be developed in a collisionally evolved system. The rotation axes, therefore, appear to be randomly oriented in space. Rotation pole positions are also tabulated and calculated to likely be constant in space over the extent of past observation. Observers are encouraged to measure the rotational properties of faint objects and asteroids of unusual taxonomic types, and to carry out long-time studies of asteroids which over short periods do not seem to vary.