cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance Characteristics and Metrics for Intra-Pulse Radar-Embedded Communication

Low probability of intercept (LPI) communication generally relies on the presence of noise to obfuscate a covert signal through the use of spectral spreading or hopping. In contrast, this paper addresses the use of ambient interference from other man-made emissions as a means to mask the presence of covert communication. Specifically, the high power, wide bandwidth, and repeating structure of pulsed radar systems provide an advantageous framework within which to embed a communication signal. The operating paradigm considered here is that of an RF tag/transponder that is illuminated by the radar and intends to covertly communicate with the radar or some other desired receiver while being masked by the ambient radar backscatter to avoid detection by an intercept receiver. Communication takes place on an intra-pulse (or individual pulse) basis to maximize the data rate. The impact of multipath, and its exploitation using time reversal to achieve spatio-temporal focusing, is considered. The processing gain for the destination receiver and intercept receiver are derived analytically and subsequently used to optimize the parameterization of communication symbol design.
Chemistry and the Electronic Properties of Diamond Surfaces

The structure and chemistry of annealed and oxygen or hydrogen-terminated low-index (100, 110) diamond surfaces was determined with high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and other techniques. HREELS revealed carbonyl, hydroxyl and bridge-bonded oxygen groups on oxidized C(100) and C(110) surfaces. The surface chemistry was correlated with secondary electron emission spectra and other data. The oxidized and annealed (reconstructed) surfaces exhibited larger work functions and electron affinity than hydrogenated surfaces, which we attribute to both band-bending and dipole layer effects due to surface oxygen.
Grape and wine phenolics: Observations and recent findings

Lo que los consumidores prueban en el vino es la culminacion de practicas de manejo que parten en el vinedo y concluyen en la copa. Como investigadores, para tener un control sobre la composicion del vino al momento del consumo, es importante comprender como afectan las practicas de manejo la composicion quimica del vino. Debido a que los compuestos fenolicos tienen tal importancia sobre la calidad final del vino, estos compuestos han sido objeto de una intensa investigacion mundial. Esta revision de literatura es un resumen del conocimiento actual y de algunos descubrimientos recientes que han ocurrido en esta area.
What needs to be said? Informed consent in the context of spinal anesthesia

Patient JK consulted Dr. N, a surgeon, regarding an “enlarging bulge” in his right groin. On physicat examination, Dr. N determined that JK was suffering from a large right inguinal hernia as well as a small left inguinal hernia. Dr. N felt that the most appropriate treatment modality for JK’s condition was a bilateral hernioplasty. Dr. N consulted with Dr. M, an anesthesiologist, regarding the most appropriate anesthesia for the hernioplasty and Dr. M determined thatJKwould be best served by spinal anesthesia. Dr. M did not explain or indicate any risks at all with respect to the spinal anesthetic. Postoperatively, JK exhibited swelling in his right testicle for three months. Subsequent physical examination revealed that his testicles had decreased in size to 0.2
Performance and Cost-Based Comparison of Green and Gray Infrastructure to Control Combined Sewer Overflows

AbstractRainwater harvesting (RWH) is being used more often today as a water supply and stormwater management green infrastructure (GI). In recent years, GIs in urban water engineering have gained attention due to their lower lifecycle costs—in both implementation and operation phases—rather than traditional gray approaches. The research described in the present paper compared implementation of RWH systems to gray approaches previously designed as a part of the long-term control plan (LTCP) for combined sewer overflow (CSO) control in Toledo, Ohio. RWH scenarios in this study were defined based on different system capacities and release policies, and then combined gray and green scenarios were analyzed according to their hydrologic performance and cost. This study employed long-term continuous hydrologic and hydraulic (H&H) simulations as well as lifecycle cost (LCC) analysis techniques. The results showed that greening the LTCP via RWH could improve the lifecycle cost-effectiveness by 48%. The captured r...
Understanding the “ghosts in the nursery” of pregnant women experiencing domestic violence: Prenatal maternal representations and histories of childhood maltreatment

Selma Fraiberg and colleagues (1975) conceptualized the "ghosts in the nursery" as experiences from a mother's past that influenced her ability to form a warm and attuned relationship with her child. Contemporary infant mental health interventions often ask the mother to reflect on her own history of attachment relationships to gain insight into as well as to strengthen her developing relationship with her child. This study investigated the association between a mother's history of childhood maltreatment (CM) and her subsequent prenatal maternal representation during the third trimester of pregnancy. Controlling for domestic violence (DV), distorted prenatal representations were associated with higher rates of self-reported childhood physical neglect. In addition, DV moderated the relationship between representations and CM, such that women who were exposed to DV during pregnancy and had distorted prenatal representations were least likely to report childhood physical and sexual abuse. Implications are discussed in relation to infant mental health interventions which rely on a parent's ability to psychologically access and reflect on childhood histories to more sensitively parent her own child.
Two Conceptions of the Genius of American Politics

A FEW YEARS AGO Daniel Boorstin articulated in his book, The Genius of American Politics, the inarticulate feeling about political theory shared by many Americans, namely, the feeling that the absence of a clear and comprehensive theory of democracy has been a national blessing.' Americans, Boorstin argued, have believed that "an explicit political theory is superfluous" because our values have been given to us, and automatically defined for us, by "certain facts of geography or history peculiar" to the American scene.2 This belief Boorstin calls "givenness."3 It has three facets.
Motoneurons innervating guinea pig perineal muscles are sexually dimorphic in size but not number

Sexual differentiation occurs prenatally in guinea pigs but extends into the postnatal period in rats. Steroids affect the development of two motoneuron nuclei of the rat lumbar spinal cord that innervate sexually dimorphic perineal muscles. The spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) innervates the bulbocavernosus (BC) and levator ani (LA) muscles while the dorsolateral nucleus (DLN) innervates the ischiocavernosus (IC). In male rats, perinatal testosterone prevents degeneration of these muscles and results in a sex difference in both motoneuron size and number in adulthood. For comparative purposes, we examined the guinea pig motoneurons innervating these muscles, as well as those innervating the retractor penis (RP) and retractor clitoris (RC), muscles that have no counterpart in rats. Injections of horseradish peroxidase localized the BC/LA and IC motoneurons of guinea pigs to discrete columns in spinal levels L6 and S1, with the BC/LA motoneurons occupying a more medial position. The RP/RC motoneurons were found in L5. Motoneuronal soma area was larger in males in all examined motor pools, as was nuclear area of BC/LA and IC motoneurons. Although raw counts suggested a sex difference in cell number in the motor columns containing BC/LA and IC motoneurons, either of two different correction procedures for split nuclei error eliminated the sex difference in cell number, emphasizing the importance of such corrections when comparing neurons of different size.
Quantitative genomics of locomotor behavior in Drosophila melanogaster

Locomotion is an integral component of most animal behaviors, and many human health problems are associated with locomotor deficits. Locomotor behavior is a complex trait, with population variation attributable to many interacting loci with small effects that are sensitive to environmental conditions. However, the genetic basis of this complex behavior is largely uncharacterized. We quantified locomotor behavior of Drosophila melanogaster in a large population of inbred lines derived from a single natural population, and derived replicated selection lines with different levels of locomotion. Estimates of broad-sense and narrow-sense heritabilities were 0.52 and 0.16, respectively, indicating substantial non-additive genetic variance for locomotor behavior. We used whole genome expression analysis to identify 1,790 probe sets with different expression levels between the selection lines when pooled across replicates, at a false discovery rate of 0.001. The transcriptional responses to selection for locomotor, aggressive and mating behavior from the same base population were highly overlapping, but the magnitude of the expression differences between selection lines for increased and decreased levels of behavior was uncorrelated. We assessed the locomotor behavior of ten mutations in candidate genes with altered transcript abundance between selection lines, and identified seven novel genes affecting this trait. Expression profiling of genetically divergent lines is an effective strategy for identifying genes affecting complex behaviors, and reveals that a large number of pleiotropic genes exhibit correlated transcriptional responses to multiple behaviors.
Impact of a University Recreation Center on Social Belonging and Student Retention

While studies have been conducted to determine the social-emotional development and learning outcomes associated with participation in sport clubs, very few similar studies have been done on the re...
Rheological Studies of Amorphous Polystyrene Above Tg

Studies of the relationship of macroscopic properties to internal structure have been at the forefront of polymer science for many years. We are now in a position to use rheological studies as a method of elucidating internal structure and internal structural distortion mechanisms. This paper will use this approach to determine the characteristics of transitions above the glass transition temperature, T g , in amorphous polymers with the objective of understanding the structure of these polymers and the mechanisms involved in the transitions.
High-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung highly express enhancer of zeste homolog 2, but carcinoids do not

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2, the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2, is a histone methyltransferase and plays an important role in cell proliferation and cell cycle regulation. It has been shown to be overexpressed in a number of malignant neoplasms. This study aimed to determine the expression pattern of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 in neuroendocrine tumors of the lung and the potential of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 to serve as a biomarker to segregate carcinoids from high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas. Fifty-four cases, including 25 typical carcinoids, 7 atypical carcinoids, 9 large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, and 13 small-cell lung carcinomas, were immunohistochemically studied using a monoclonal antibody against enhancer of zeste homolog 2. All 13 small-cell lung carcinomas demonstrated moderate to strong nuclear staining with 12 exhibiting more than 90% of tumor cells staining. All 9 large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas were moderately to strongly positive for enhancer of zeste homolog 2, with 6 cases having staining in more than 80% of tumor cells. In contrast, all 25 typical carcinoids and 6 atypical carcinoids showed only rare scattered enhancer of zeste homolog 2-positive tumor cells, with 1 case of atypical carcinoid exhibiting moderate staining in 40% of tumor cells. A subsequent validation study of the 14 specimens of lung or mediastinal lymph node biopsy and fine-needle aspiration, including 6 small-cell lung carcinomas, 2 large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, 5 typical carcinoids, and 1 atypical carcinoid, was performed. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 was diffusely and strongly positive in all small-cell lung carcinomas and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, even with severe crush artifact, whereas it was only positive in rare tumor cells in carcinoids. These findings support the formulation that enhancer of zeste homolog 2 may play an important role in the regulation of biologic behavior of high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas and as a diagnostically useful marker in distinguishing high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas from carcinoids.
Neutrophil-Mediated Mycobacteriocidal Immunity in the Lung during Mycobacterium bovis BCG Infection in C57BL/6 Mice

Although neutrophils have been identified as sources of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, little is known about their immunologic function during mycobacterial infection in the lungs. In this study, we examined the growth of Mycobacterium bovis BCG in the lungs under experimental conditions that altered neutrophil recruitment to the lungs. Depletion and recruitment of neutrophils was associated with respective increases and decreases in M. bovis BCG growth. Thus, neutrophils may enhance mycobacteriocidal immunity in the lungs.
A comparison of two algorithms for predicting the condition number

We present experimental results of comparing the modified K-nearest neighbor (MkNN) algorithm with support vector machine (SVM) in the prediction of condition numbers of sparse matrices. Condition number of a matrix is an important measure in numerical analysis and linear algebra. However, the direct computation of the condition number of a matrix is very expensive in terms of CPU and memory cost, and becomes prohibitive for large size matrices. We use data mining techniques to estimate the condition number of a given sparse matrix. In our previous work, we used support vector machine (SVM) to predict the condition numbers. While SVM is considered a state-of- the-art classification/regression algorithm, kNN is usually used for collaborative filtering tasks. Since prediction can also be interpreted as a classification/regression task, virtually any supervised learning algorithm (such as kNN) can also be applied. Experiments are performed on a publicly available dataset. We conclude that modified kNN (MkNN) performs much better than SVM on this particular dataset.
Positional Clustering Improves Computational Binding Site Detection and Identifies Novel Cis-Regulatory Sites in Mammalian GABAA Receptor Subunit Genes

National Institutes of Health (A08 POGM66401A, J50 01-130021, 2T32 GM00854); National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS050393)
Boundary behavior of SLE

Introduction. Several lattice models from statistical physics such as random walks (RWs), loop-erased random walks (LERWs), self-avoiding random walks (SAWs), and critical FK (Fortuin and Kasteleyn) percolations have been shown or are conjec tured to be invariant under conformai mappings. The stochastic Loewner evolution (SLE) was first introduced by 0. Schramm as a possible scaling limit for the pla nar LERW [33]. As a one-parameter family of random growth processes, the SLE curves are the only random non-self-crossing curves with a certain Markovian type property and conformai invariance. Loewner chains are widely applied in complex analysis. For instance, de Branges used Loewner evolutions to prove the Bieberbach conjecture, which states that the nth coefficient in the power series of a univalent function in the class S should be no greater than n [6]. In fact, Loewner introduced this concept in the 1920's in order to calculate an estimate on the third coefficient. G. F. Lawler, O. Schramm, and W. Werner used SLE? to determine the two-sided disconnection exponent for Brownian motion. It led to the proof of Mandelbrot's conjecture that the Hausdorff dimension of the planar Brownian frontier is 4/3. See [21], [22], [23], [24], and [25]. The planar Brownian frontier is defined as the bound ary of the unbounded component of the complement of the planar Brownian path. In [19], G. F. Lawler expressed the Hausdorff dimension of the planar Brownian frontier in terms of the two-sided disconnection exponent. Numerous discrete models have been proven or are expected to correspond to SLE? for some k. Using Cardy's formula in Carleson's form, Smirnov proved that the critical site percolation on the triangular grid has a conformai invariant scaling limit. He also showed that the scaling limit is described by SLE? [35]. G. F. Lawler, O. Schramm, and W. Werner proved that the scaling limits of LERW and the uniform spanning tree (UST) Peano curve with appropriate boundary conditions are, respectively, SLE2 and SLEg [26]. G. F. Lawler, O. Schramm, and W. Werner also showed that if the scaling limit of planar SAWs exists and is conformally invariant, then it is SLE8/3 [27]. R. Kenyon conjectured that the scaling limit of
Structural Examination of the Dufour's Gland of the Solitary Bees Osmia lignaria and Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

ABSTRACT The Dufour's gland of two solitary cavity-nesting bees, Osmia lignaria Say and Megachile rotundata (F.) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), was examined with microscopy to determine the structure and arrangement of the gland in the sting apparatus. The appearance and relative size of the Dufour's gland of these two bee species are similar. Unlike the termination of the Dufour's gland at the base of the sting in the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. ( Apidae), the posterior portion of the Dufour's gland in these megachilids enters into the sting bulb along with the venom duct. Within the sting bulb, the Dufour's gland is ventral to and longer than the venom duct. The following evidential findings presented here and elsewhere are in support of the hypothesis that the Dufour's gland is the source of an individual nest recognition cue in these two bee species: 1 ) the presence of a duct and exit pore at the posterior end of the Dufour's gland that may release glandular secretions, 2) the location of thick, brush...
Estimation of possible excitation frequencies for shallow rectangular cavities.

The physical processes that sustain discrete-frequency oscillations of cavities adjacent to compressible flow are modeled analytically, yielding a formula which predicts excitation frequencies as a function of Mach number and cavity geometry. These physical processes are similar to those used by Powell in describing the mechanism underlying the production of edge tones. The empirically determined constants appearing in Rossiter's formula for excitation frequencies are computed from the model. It appears that instability of the shear layer as well as interaction between the shear layer and the cavities' trailing edge is required to sustain discrete-frequency oscillation. It is suggested that the simultaneous excitation of two or more discrete frequencies (which are not harmonic), as have been observed in practice, correspond to the simultaneous participation of two or more vortex sheet displacement modes. The model analyzed yields qualitatively correct acoustic mode shapes in the cavity. Theoretical results include the calculation of possible excitation frequencies over the range 0.8 ^ M ^ 3 for rectangular cavities and show their dependence on cavity depth. Analytic results are in general agreement with experimental data.
Effect of environmental factors on whole plant assimilate partitioning and associated gene expression

Partitioning of assimilated carbon among sink organs is a critical factor that controls the rate and pattern of plant growth. Time-course measurements of plant and organ growth rates are useful for determining how regulation of carbon partitioning controls plant growth. Measuring growth rates over a 24 h period reveals the current pattern of carbon partitioning that can be used to predict growth rates of specific sinks. Comparison of growth rates among sinks under defined conditions can point out key factors that regulate partitioning of recently assimilated carbon among sinks. Internal control of carbon partitioning by developmental programmes regulates the timing and site of carbon distribution among developing parts, thereby establishing the adaptive traits of a species, cultivar or transgenic construct. Regulation of partitioning in response to environmental factors establishes or restores allometric growth among plant parts and functional balance between the supply and use of carbon. Environmental stress often restricts resource availability while successful acclimation sets in motion processes that restore the supply. A key mechanism contributing to regulation of carbon partitioning is an expression of genes that control activity of the enzymes which initiate sucrose metabolism at specific sites and stages of ontogeny.
Imaging, security, configuration, and maintenance for the masses

Educational Partnerships and Learning Technologies (EPLT) [1] at the University of Washington maintains and supports a fleet of approximately 1,000 general-access student computing workstations across campus. Our services include a broad range of software offerings, multimedia creation capabilities, research support, teaching support, and full featured in-person consulting. The distributed placement of the workstations in a variety of environments, and the high numbers of clients that use them presents some unique technical problems and support issues that EPLT has solved and worked into a robust environment. We have a firm commitment to keeping the workstations as unrestricted as possible, to presenting a consistent, sensible interface to clients, to a fast turnaround between clients and to minimizing downtime of workstations. Using Windows Active Directory [2], Windows Software Update Services [3], Faronics Deep Freeze [4], Symantec Ghost [5], and a small set of custom backend configurations and scripts, we have managed to provide a consistent, robust, full featured computing experience that presently serves up to 60,000 clients per week.
Depersonalization and Derealization

Depersonalization and derealization consist of altered perceptions about the self and the environment. Both of these phenomena may be symptoms of a wide variety of psychiatric disorders with exceedingly diverse etiologies. Both depersonalization and derealization without depersonalization are listed as dissociative disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSMIV) (American Psychiatric Association, 1994).
The generation and function of soluble apoE receptors in the CNS

More than a decade has passed since apolipoprotein E4 (APOE-e4) was identified as a primary risk factor for Alzheimer 's disease (AD), yet researchers are even now struggling to understand how the apolipoprotein system integrates into the puzzle of AD etiology. The specific pathological actions of apoE4, methods of modulating apolipoprotein E4-associated risk, and possible roles of apoE in normal synaptic function are still being debated. These critical questions will never be fully answered without a complete understanding of the life cycle of the apolipoprotein receptors that mediate the uptake, signaling, and degradation of apoE. The present review will focus on apoE receptors as modulators of apoE actions and, in particular, explore the functions of soluble apoE receptors, a field almost entirely overlooked until now.
Racial Composition, White Racial Attitudes, and Black Representation: Testing the Racial Threat Hypothesis in the United States Senate

We make the case for why the racial threat hypothesis should characterize the relationship between states’ racial composition, whites’ racial attitudes, and black representation in the United States Senate. Consistent with this claim, we find that senators from states with larger percentages of African-Americans among the electorate and more racially conservative preferences among whites provide worse representation of black interests in the Senate than their counterparts. We also apply theories of congressional cross-pressures in considering how senator partisanship and region moderate the effect of white racial attitudes on black representation. Finally, consistent with the racial threat hypothesis, we show that the negative effect of white racial attitudes on the quality of black representation is stronger when state unemployment rates are higher.
A cometabilic kinetics model incorporating enzyme inhbition, inactivation, and recovery: I. Model development, analysis, and testing

Cometabolic biodegradation prcesses are important for bioremediation of hazardous waste sites. However, these proceeses are not well understood and have not been modeled thoroughly. Traditional Michaelis–Menten kinetics models often are used, but toxic effects and bacterial responses to toxicity may cause changes in enzyme levels, rendering such models inappropriate. In this article, a conceptual and mathematical model of cometabolic enzyme kinetics i described. Model derivation is based on enzyme/growth-substrate/nongrowth-substrate interaction and incorporates enzyme inhibition (caused by the presence of a cometabolic compound), inactivation (resulting from toxicity of a cometabolic product), and recovery (associated with bacterial synthesis of new enbzyme in response to inactivation). The mathematical model consists of a system of two, nonlinear ordinary differential equations that can be solved implicitly using numerical methods, providing estimates of model parameters. Model analysis shows that growth substraate adn nongrowth substrate oxidation rates are related by a dimensionless constant. Reliability of tehy model solution prcedure is verifiedl by abnalyzing data ses, containing random error, from simulated experimentss with trichhloroethyylene (TCE) degradation by ammonia-oxidizing bacterialunder various conditions. Estimation of the recovery rate contant is deterimined to be sensitive to intial TCE concentration. Model assumptions are evaluated in a companion article using data from TCE degradation experiments with amoniaoxidizing bacteria. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Negative effects of changing temperature on amphibian immunity under field conditions

Summary 1Recent evidence of the important role of emerging diseases in amphibian population declines makes it increasingly important to understand how environmental changes affect amphibian immune systems. 2Temperature-dependent immunity may be particularly important to amphibian disease dynamics, especially in temperate regions. Changes in temperature are expected to cause deviations away from optimal levels of immunity until the immune system can respond. 3To test whether temperature changes cause deviations from optimal immunity under natural conditions, we conducted a seasonal survey of adult Red-Spotted Newts and measured basal levels of several immunological variables. 4We then examined these findings in relation to: (1) the lag hypothesis, which predicts that changes in temperature-dependent immune parameters lag behind short-term temperature changes, and (2) the seasonal acclimation hypothesis, which predicts that immune cell production declines during long-term temperature decreases until amphibians can fully acclimate to winter conditions. 5Our results supported both hypotheses, showing a spring lag effect on lymphocyte levels and an even stronger seasonal acclimation effect on lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils in the autumn. Our findings suggest that temperature variability causes increased susceptibility of amphibians to infection, and they have implications for the emergence of disease and the potential for climate change to exacerbate amphibian decline.
A heathkit method for building data management programs

One of the difficulties faced in implementing information management and retrieval systems is that each case seems to present its own special complexities. As a result information retrieval systems typically fall behind their programming schedule and have many bugs when delivered. In this paper a set of basic operations on types of files are defined. These operations are intended to fulfill the same role for information retrieval systems programmers that functions such as LOG(X) fill for mathematical applications programmers.. they should make the job very much easier. The file operations have been implemented as a run-time package written in FORTRAN IV and Burroughs Extended Algol. The approach has been used to develop three different information management systems; an APL interactive computing system, a generalized information retrieval system, and a specialized information retrieval system for map oriented data. These systems are described.
LIKELIHOOD-BASED INFERENCE IN TRENDING TIME SERIES WITH A ROOT NEAR UNITY

This paper studies likelihood-based estimation and tests for autoregressive time series models with deterministic trends and general disturbance distributions. In particular, a joint estimation of the trend coefficients and the autoregressive parameter is considered. Asymptotic analysis on the M -estimators is provided. It is shown that the limiting distributions of these estimators involve nonlinear equation systems of Brownian motions even for the simple case of least squares regression. Unit root tests based on M -estimation are also considered, and extensions of the Neyman–Pearson test are studied. The finite sample performance of these estimators and testing procedures is examined by Monte Carlo experiments.
Taking a different perspective: Mindset influences neural regions that represent value and choice

Most choices are complex and can be considered from a number of different perspectives. For example, someone choosing a snack may have taste, health, cost or any number of factors at the forefront of their mind. Although previous research has examined neural systems related to value and choice, very little is known about how mindset influences these systems. In the current study, participants were primed with Health or Taste while they made decisions about snack foods. Some neural regions showed consistent associations with value and choice across Health or Taste mindsets. Regardless of mindset, medial orbitofrontal cortex (MOFC) tracked value in terms of taste, regions in left lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) tracked value in terms of health, and MOFC and dorsal anterior cingulate were associated with choice. However, activity in other neural regions was modulated by the mindset manipulation. When primed with Taste, rostral anterior cingulate tracked value in terms of taste whereas left amygdala and left putamen were associated with choice. When primed with Health, right LPFC and posterior MOFC tracked value in terms of health. The findings contribute to the neural research on decision-making by demonstrating that changing perspectives can modulate value- and choice-related neural activity.
Constitutive Activation of the Nlrc4 Inflammasome Prevents Hepatic Fibrosis and Promotes Hepatic Regeneration after Partial Hepatectomy

TThe molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of hepatic fibrosis are not fully understood. The Nlrc4 inflammasome detects cytosolic presence of bacterial components, activating inflammatory cytokines to facilitate clearance of pathogens and infected cells. We hypothesized that low-grade constitutive activation of the Nlrc4 inflammasome may lead to induced hepatocyte proliferation and prevent the development of hepatic fibrosis. The gene of Nlrc4 contains two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), one located within the Nlrc4 promoter and one contained within exon 5. These SNPs regulate Nlrc4 gene transcription and activation as measured through gene reporter assays and IL-1β secretion. The 17C-6 mice have increased IL-1β in plasma after chronic carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration compared to B6 mice. After two-thirds partial hepatectomy (2/3PH) 17C-6 mice have earlier restoration of liver mass with greater cyclin D1 protein and BrdU incorporation compared to B6 mice at several time points. These data reveal mild constitutive activation of the Nlrc4 inflammasome as the results of two SNPs, which leads to the stimulation of hepatocyte proliferation. The increased liver regeneration induces rapid liver mass recovery after hepatectomy and may prevent the development of hepatotoxin-induced liver fibrosis.
A phase II study of sorafenib in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with metastatic or recurrent squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCCHN).

5592 Background: Cytotoxic chemotherapy (CT) is the current standard treatment for metastatic/recurrent SCCHN. The prognosis for these patients (PTS) is poor with a median progression free survival...
Varieties of Developmental States: Three Non-Western Pathways to the Millennium Development Goals

The “developmental state” discourse has opened up fruitful scholarly explorations of alternatives to neoliberal capitalism, but its scope has been somewhat narrow and geographically limited. As a r...
Multi-photon tolerant protocols for quantum secure communication in wireless standards

This paper presents the integration of multi-photon tolerant quantum key distribution QKD protocols into three wireless communication standards. An analysis of the mode of operation and implementation of multi-photon tolerant QKD protocols in IEEE 802.11, WiMAX, and LTE wireless networks is presented along with the benefits and challenges of the proposed schemes. Traditional QKD based on the BB'84 protocol or its derivatives has relied on single photon protocols; however, the authors of this paper have opted to use multi-photon tolerant protocols. The choice of multi-photon tolerant protocols is based on the fact that not only the key distribution process is quantum-secure but also the other parameters distance, data rate of communication are maintained, which is not the case in single photon QKD approaches. This can be achieved since multi-photon tolerant protocols do not rely on the presence of no more than single photons per pulse to provide quantum-level security.
Multidisciplinary approach to soft-tissue reconstruction of the diabetic Charcot foot.

Background:Diabetics are prone to foot ulceration as a result of local tissue ischemia, immune impairment, and biomechanical derangement in the setting of neuropathy. Healing ulcers in the setting of Charcot neuroarthropathy is challenging, as the skeletal changes usually signify advanced disease.Me
General GI Infections

GI infections are common and are often due to obstruction, translocation, or peroration of the GI tract. This chapter will outline some of the guidelines for antibiotic and/or alternative therapies.
Real-time radioactive source localization with a moving coded-aperture detector system at low count rates

We present a feasibility study of real-time radioactive source localization in which the effects of low count rates on source localizations with a moving coded-aperture detector system are addressed. The conventional crosscorrelation method with the installed binary mask was not reliable enough to filter out background noise at low count rates in this study. To improve the cross-correlation performance, we adopted a new binary mask design method for future work. Offline data processing to mimic on-line data processing was based on multi-CPUs and multi-GPUs (graphics processing units) parallel processing. We also show an iterative list-mode localization method using background-free simulated data.
On Quine’s Translation Argument

Quine's translation argumnent figures centrally in his views on logic. The goal of this paper is to get clear on that argument. It can be interpreted as an argument to the effect that one should never translate somebody’s speech as going against a law of the translator’s logic. Key to this reading of the translation argument is the premise that one should never translate somebody's speech such that their speech is unintelligible. Ultimately, it is my aim to reject this reading. I argue that only a weaker conclusion—one that says “not most of the time” instead of the stronger “never”—should be attributed to Quine. Accordingly, I propose and defend a weaker version of the first premise that better coheres with the weaker conclusion of the translation argument. Instead of the claim that one should never translate somebody’s speech such that their speech is unintelligible I argue that we should only ascribe to Quine the claim that one should not most of the time translate somebody’s speech in a way that makes it unintelligible. I go on to sum up the results of my discussion and respond to a criticism of my reading.
Behavioral and Physiological Studies of Sound Localization in the Cat

Physiological studies of the auditory system have traditionally focussed on understanding the mechanisms of action in the peripheral auditory system, from observations of the traveling wave down the basilar membrane (von Bekesy, 1960) to the transduction of vibrations by the inner hair cells (Russell and Sellick, 1978) and the subsequent coding of sound stimuli by auditory nerve fibers (Sachs and Young, 1979). The neuronal processing in the central auditory system has not received as much attention as in the visual system, with the possible exception of studies in the auditory cortex of the echolocating bat (Suga et al., this volume). Moreover, while there have been a large number of studies of the visual system using behaving animals, very few studies in the auditory system have exploited the benefits of this preparation.
Technology, Disability, and Law: Then and Now.

Disability law and technology services share a rich history. This article investigates this transformative relationship through the contextual framework of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. A summary of legal cases, accommodation services, and barriers to access are explored. This includes an overview of the challenges facing technology as we develop the classrooms of the 21st century. A reflection of past rulings, technological advancements, and ongoing questions culminates in a look at where special education technology is heading.
Analysis of Amyloid-β Pathology Spread in Mouse Models Suggests Spread Is Driven by Spatial Proximity, Not Connectivity

While the spread of some neurodegenerative disease-associated proteinopathies, such as tau and α-synuclein, is well studied and clearly implicates transsynaptic pathology transmission, research into the progressive spread of amyloid-β pathology has been less clear. In fact, prior analyses of transregional amyloid-β pathology spread have implicated both transsynaptic and other intracellular- as well as extracellular-based transmission mechanisms. We therefore conducted the current meta-analytic analysis to help assess whether spatiotemporal amyloid-β pathology development patterns in mouse models, where regional proteinopathy is more directly characterizable than in patients, better fit with transsynaptic- or extracellular-based theories of pathology spread. We find that, consistently across the datasets used in this study, spatiotemporal amyloid-β pathology patterns are more consistent with extracellular-based explanations of pathology spread. Furthermore, we find that regional levels of amyloid precursor protein in a mouse model are also better correlated with expected pathology patterns based on extracellular, rather than intracellular or transsynaptic spread.
2007: Putin Tells the Sechinites He Favours Naryshkin for the Presidency; June–September 2007—New Sechinite Offensive Rocks the Cherkesovites

In July 2007 the senior bureaucrat Naryshkin reportedly told the Sechinites that Putin had asked him to be his successor. The group was pleased. But was Putin sincere in what he said to them about Naryshkin? Or was he deceiving them with a scenario that he never intended to implement? In April 2007, Putin had made a precautionary preparation for the succession when he launched a major institutional change to curb the powers of the procuracy. A law was drafted to create a powerful ‘Investigations Committee attached to the Procuracy-general (ICP)’. By appointing Bastrykin, a Sechin ally, to the ICP, Putin created for himself an instrument for initiating investigations against individuals opposed to the Sechinites. In June–October 2007, Putin authorized attacks on the Cherkesov group, including on Zolotov personally, and had Kumarin and then Bul’bov arrested. But Sechin also took a severe blow when his supremely confident moves to have Rosneft take over the oil company Surgutneftegaz eventually came to naught.
“The Will to Live and the Meaning of Life”: Hunger as Vulnerability in French Existential Phenomenology

This essay explores the phenomenology of hunger in reference to work by Jean-Paul Sartre, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Simone de Beauvoir. Considering the wealth of references to hunger in phenomenolo...
Molecular Bases for Adaptation of Coniferous Trees to Cold Climates

With selected woody perennials, an analysis of molecular aspects of adaptive phenotypic expression is provided. Cold acclimation is examined in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) genotypes in the Canadian boreal forest. The adaptive behavior of spruce is contrasted with a genetic disorder in an almond cultivar (Prunus amygdalus (Batsch.) cv. Nonpareil) under Mediterranean climatic conditions in California. The disorder involves aberrations in growth during heat acclimation. All data are based on local field studies, with concepts being extended to boreal timberlines. Several new diagnostic approaches are developed in an effort to understand the behavioral aspects of tree fitness in relation to more flexible breeding and testing systems for clones and progeny.
Regulators of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in cancer.

The fact that VEGF is so precisely regulated is a testament to its central role in tumor angiogenesis, progression, and metastasis. The upstream pathways that regulate VEGF expression are valid targets for therapy as long as those pathways have some role in tumor growth. Although it is theoretically possible that argeting an upstream molecule could inhibit VEGF expression, the redundancies in the pathways that regulate VEGF make the success of this approach unlikely. However, it is possible that some dominant pathway leads to VEGF induction (e.g. VHL or HIF) and that inhibition of that pathway may lead to significant reductions in VEGF levels and angiogenesis in tumors. Careful preclinical modeling and clinical trial design will provide insights into the efficacy of inhibiting upstream targets of VEGF with the intent of decreasing tumor angiogenesis.
Civility and collective action: Soft speech, loud roars, and the politics of recognition:

Analyzing the relationship between collective action and civility within the world’s largest democracy, this essay argues that, rather than being a precondition for democratic participation or a qu...
Discovery of Cu3Pb

Materials discovery enables both realization and understanding of new, exotic, physical phenomena. An emerging approach to the discovery of novel phases is high-pressure synthesis within diamond anvil cells, thereby enabling in situ monitoring of phase formation. Now, the discovery via high-pressure synthesis of the first intermetallic compound in the Cu-Pb system, Cu3Pb is reported. Cu3Pb is notably the first structurally characterized mid- to late-first-row transition-metal plumbide. The structure of Cu3Pb can be envisioned as a direct mixture of the two elemental lattices. From this new framework, we gain insight into the structure as a function of pressure and hypothesize that the high-pressure polymorph of lead is a possible prerequisite for the formation of Cu3Pb. Crucially, electronic structure computations reveal band crossings near the Fermi level, suggesting that chemically doped Cu3Pb could be a topologically nontrivial material.
An autoethnography of broaching in supervision: Joining supervisee and supervisor perspectives on addressing identity, power, and difference

Broaching race, ethnicity, and other cultural factors within supervision can spark growth in supervisor and supervisee cultural responsiveness, enhance client care, and strengthen the supervisory r...
Women's Human Rights and Migration: Sex-Selective Abortion Laws in the United States and India by Sital Kalantry

Kalantry, Sital. Women’s Human Rights and Migration: Sex-Selective Abortion Laws in the United States and India . Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017.
The Science of Rubber Compounding

This chapter reviews both the types and the properties of elastomers, compounding with a range of filler or reinforcement systems such as carbon black, and enhancement of filler performance by novel use of compounding ingredients such as silane coupling agents. Other issues such as antioxidant systems and vulcanization systems are also discussed.
The teacher simulation exercise: changes in physician teaching emphasis and strategy. The SGIM Task Force on the Medical Interview.

Objective:The objective of the study was to determine the effect of a faculty development course in teaching medical interviewing on participants’ ability to provide effective feedback to interviewers. Design:The study used a non-concurrent control group design which randomized subjects into two groups before the intervention. The two groups completed different pretests; each group then completed the other group’s pre-test as its post-test. The post-course scores of one group were compared with the pre-course scores of the other group to establish differences. Setting:The research was conducted at the 1985 faculty development course sponsored by the SGIM Task Force on the Medical Interview. Participants:49 of 52 teachers of medical interviewing attending the course completed the study. Intervention:The week-long intervention consisted of a variety of educational activities which assisted the participants in defining and actively pursuing their learning objectives in interviewing, teaching, and self-awareness. Measurements and Main Results:In their assessment of two videotaped segments of initial medical visits, participants were more likely after the course to comment on the interviewer’s lack of attention to patient affect (69.0% versus 27.2%, p=0.005 in one segment) and somewhat more likely to identify teaching strategies that actively involved the interviewer (47.2% vs. 35.0%, p=0.09 in one segment). Both shifts were congruent with assessments made by course faculty. Conclusions:Faculty development can influence teachers to recognize the need to provide feedback on skills that expert teachers would emphasize. The non-concurrent control group design provides an innovative approach to common constraints in evaluating faculty development courses.
Transient hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hypertension associated with hydrocortisone in preterm infant: A case report.

AbstractRationale:Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heterogeneous, usually familial disorder of heart muscle. The hypertrophic form of cardiomyopathy is frequently genetic, or as part of several neuromuscular disorders. In neonates, especially prematurity, HCM could also be secondary to cortico