cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of gelatinases in disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.

Gelatinases are a subgroup of the family of matrix metalloproteinases, which contains two members—gelatinase A and B. These enzymes play an important role in basement membrane homeostasis. Previous studies have associated basement membrane degradation with skeletal muscle atrophy. However, the specific contribution of gelatinases to the pathobiology of muscle atrophy remains unknown. In this study we examined the specific roles of gelatinase A and B in disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy using knockout mice. Although both gelatinase A and B are highly upregulated in disused muscle, only gelatinase A null mice had significantly reduced muscle atrophy as compared to wildtype littermates. Type IV collagen and laminin, two major components of basement membrane, were relatively well-preserved in disused muscle in gelatinase A null mice, but not in gelatinase B null mice. These findings suggest that gelatinase A, and not gelatinase B, plays a critical role in disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Reproduction and Development of the Biocontrol AgentHydrellia pakistanae(Diptera: Ephydridae) on Monoecious Hydrilla

Abstract Previous investigations of the laboratory biology and host range ofHydrellia pakistanae,a biological control ofHydrilla verticillata(hydrilla), used the dioecious hydrilla biotype common to Florida, Texas, and California. A monoecious biotype that is now spreading throughout the mid-Atlantic states, California, and Washington was not investigated during these original studies. We therefore compared the dioecious and monoecious hydrilla biotypes as hosts forH. pakistanae.FemaleH. pakistanaeaccepted the two biotypes equally as ovipositional substrates. Overall developmental success differed little: 42% of eggs oviposited on monoecious hydrilla produced adults compared to 39% of eggs oviposited on dioecious hydrilla. Fly development required about 33 days on both biotypes (at 22 ± 2°C), but larvae that completed development mined 1.6 times as many leaves on monoecious hydrilla as on dioecious plants. These data suggest thatH. pakistanaewould be a useful biocontrol agent of monoecious hydrilla, should this plant invade areas where it can grow as a perennial.
Colloidal macromolecular phenomena

Colloidal macromolecular phenomena represent a novel segment of polymer chemistry. They are associated with the unique physical behavior of discrete, particulate, and highly organized aggregates of hundreds or thousands of long chain molecules having dimensions roughly between those of the smallest viruses and the larger bacteria. Unique rheological and other functional properties are exhibited by unhinged colloidal macro-molecular micro crystals possessing truly colloidal dimensions, namely, circular or rectangular rods, or platelets of the order of 25 A. × 50 A. × >1000 A., properties that are in large measure independent of chemical composition. Two commercial products now are available utilizing colloidal macromolecular phenomena (Avicel micro crystal line cellulose and Baymal colloidal alumina). It is believed that these are the forerunners of many new colloidal macromolecular products to come, new products fashioned from microcrystals of both synthetic and natural high polymers, from organic as well as inorganic high polymers, or combinations of both of them.
Childhood maltreatment in women with binge-eating disorder: Associations with psychiatric comorbidity, psychological functioning, and eating pathology

OBJECTIVE: To examine correlates of childhood maltreatment in women with binge-eating disorder (BED). METHOD: Semistructured interviews evaluated 137 women with BED for psychiatric disorders and eating psychopathology, and self-reported childhood maltreatment was assessed. RESULTS: Emotional abuse was reported by 52% of participants, physical abuse by 28%, sexual abuse by 31%, emotional neglect by 66%, and physical neglect by 48%. Maltreatment categories were not associated with most lifetime psychiatric diagnoses, although specific associations were observed for dysthymic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and alcohol use disorders. Few associations were noted with eating pathology, but most forms of childhood maltreatment were negatively associated with selfesteem. DISCUSSION: Women with BED report rates of childhood maltreatment comparable to those for clinical groups, and much higher than community samples. Although prevalent in women with BED, childhood maltreatment is not generally associated with variability in eating pathology or with psychiatric comorbidity, but is associated with lower self-esteem.
Language Theory and Analysis in Augustine

In spite of the fact that it is often ignored, one of the interesting features in the thought of some of the early Church Fathers, was a considerable skill at language and logical analysis. Given the basic liberal disciplines of Greco-Roman education it is not surprising that those Fathers who were fortunate enough to receive formal education were able to utilise the skills of rhetoric and logic as well as other skills of the liberal arts. Also it is not surprising that later great thinkers of the church informed by the liberal arts and by the writings of the earlier Fathers should make use of these skills. This is surely the case with Saint Augustine.
Isolation and characterization of an attenuated strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AC869, a 3,5-dichlorobenzoate degrader.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa AC869, a 3,5-dichlorobenzoate degrader, is a mouse pathogen and has a reported 50% lethal dose (LD50) of 1.05 x 10(7) CFU when given intranasally to C3H/HeJ mice (S.E. George, M.J. Kohan, M.I. Gilmour, M.S. Taylor, H.G. Brooks, J.P. Creason, and L.D. Claxton, Appl. Environ, Microbiol. 59:3585-3591, 1993). AC869 was serotyped as O6 when grown in CD-1 mouse cecal and lung mucus but could not be assigned an O serotype when grown in Luria broth (LB). After growth in mouse cecal mucus, a less virulent mutant, AC869-11, was isolated from AC869 by using bacteriophage E79, which adsorbs to the O side chain of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). AC869-11 produced significantly less O antigen on its LPS than AC869 when grown in mouse lung and cecal mucus. The mutant also produced half the amount of exoenzyme S and 16-fold less extracellular protease than AC869 and was more sensitive than its parent to a number of antibiotics when grown either in LB or in mouse lung mucus. AC869-11 had ninefold higher LD50 than AC869 in CD-1 mice when administered intranasally. AC869-11 was found in the lungs, small intestine, cecum, and large intestine in numbers at least 100-fold below AC869, 3 h after intranasal exposure of mice to a sublethal dose of the two strains. Moreover, AC869-11 induced a decreased pulmonary inflammatory response relative to AC869. In contrast to AC869, AC869-11 did not translocate to the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and spleen following a sublethal dose. Despite attenuation, AC869-11 grew as well as AC869 with 3,5-dichlorobenzoate as the sole carbon and energy source. However, although AC869-11 survived in 3,5-dichlorobenzoate-contaminated soil as well as AC869 for 1 week, it failed to survive as well thereafter. These results suggest the possibility that mutations that lead to pulmonary attenuation of P. aeruginosa in mice also lead to weakness in the environment, despite such mutants maintaining the ability to degrade toxic substances under laboratory conditions.
Genetically engineered normal flora for oral polypeptide delivery: dose-absorption response.

ABSTRACT: Genetically modified Lactococcus lactis ( L . lactis ), a probiotic bacterium, able to secrete β-lactamase (29 kDa), was used as a vector for the oral delivery of β-lactamase to the rats. Three different doses of L . lactis were administered to the rats, and the resulted β-lactamase oral bioavailability was studied, and compared to the solution form. The oral administration of 1.2 × 10 7 , 3 × 10 7 , and 8 × 10 7 colony-forming units of L . lactis led to 145, 209, and 364 mU of β-lactamase absorbed, and the corresponding bioavailability was 8.7%, 15.5%, and 20.8% based on the in vitro production of β-lactamase by L . lactis . The oral administration of 504 mU and 1008 mU β-lactamase free solution resulted in 30 and 47 mU absorbed, a bioavailability of 5.9% and 4.7%, respectively. L . lactis significantly ( p p L . lactis can be used as a sustained delivery system. In conclusion, there is a linear relationship between L . lactis dose and these absorption PK parameters within L . lactis dose range of the current study.
Evaluation of Conversational Voice Communication Quality of the Skype, Google-Talk, Windows Live, and Yahoo Messenger Voip Systems

In this paper, we evaluate die conversational voice communication quality (CVCQ) of VoIP systems, both from the user and the system perspectives. We first identify the metrics for CVCQ, which include listening-only speech quality (LOSQ). conversational interactivity (CI), and conversational efficiency (CE). These depend on the mouth-to-ear delays (MEDs) between the two clients. Based on packet traces collected in the PlanetLab and on the dynamics of human interactive speech, we study four popular VoIP client systems: Skype (v2.5), Google-Talk (Beta), Windows Live Messenger (v8.0). and Yahoo Messenger with Voice (v8.0). under various network and conversational conditions.
Pore‐Forming Activity of Coxiella burnetii Outer Membrane Protein Oligomer Comprised of 29.5‐ and 31‐kDa Polypeptides

Envelopes of large-cell variant Coxiella burnetii, the agent of Q fever, were the starting material for purification of an outer membrane protein (OMP) oligomer with aggregate molecular mass of approximately 2 x 10(4) kDa. The oligomer was resistant to trypsin and dissociation by SDS at 100 degrees C. Reducing agents dissociated the oligomer into monomers of 29.5 and 31 kDa, which migrated as a doublet during SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both monomers were reactive in an immunoblot assay with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 4E8 and 4D6, which were previously selected for their reactivity with purified and SDS-denatured 29.5 kDa protein. Proteoliposomes were functional in an equilibrium assay at pH 7 and a swelling assay at pH 7 and 4.5. The pores in proteoliposomes allowed the passage of arabinose, glucose, and sucrose, but restricted stachyose. Polyclonal antibodies to C. burnetii cells and the mAbs were able to bind C. burnetii at pH 7 and 4.5. The uptake of 14C-glucose at pH 4.5 was inhibited by polyclonal antibodies and mAbs after binding to cells at pH 7. The mAbs did not inhibit 14C-glucose uptake at pH 4.5 after binding to cells at pH 4.5. Although the mAbs bind C. burnetii porin epitopes before and after acid activation, the mAbs bound under acidic conditions were unable to inhibit porin function. The inhibition of porin channel function by mAbs confirms the role of porin as a permeability barrier for the subsequent active transport of glucose by C. burnetii. In another study, we showed that the 29.5 kDa OMP antigen induced active immunity against virulent challenge. This information, combined with the recent confirmation that porins are important antigens in the induction of specific protective immune responses against infection by gram-negative bacteria, suggests that humoral immunity directed against C. burnetii porins might play an important role in immunity against Q fever (human infection) and coxiellosis (animal infection), global enzootic diseases.
Increased energy efficiency and reliability of ultra-low power arithmetic

To achieve ultra-low energy datapath units, probabilistic computing can be employed such that supply voltages are lowered to near threshold or subthreshold levels causing probabilistic operation of devices. The limit to voltage scaling for deterministic computing is the thermodynamic limit where gates begin to fail on a probabilistic basis due to thermal noise. It has been shown in prior work that probabilistic datapath units can be designed to compute successfully and that this operation is desireable given the extreme energy savings available. Continuing with this work, 2 novel theorems are developed proving which gates and circuit topologies are most amenable to probabilistic errors. To illustrate these theorems at work, a case study of a full adder is given that shows the most energy efficient full adder design for a given error rate under ultra-low supply voltage conditions where the thermal noise constraint exists. Simulation results using TSMC 0.25 mum technology are given verifying the ultra-low power, probabilistic full adder designs. It will be shown that for a given error rate, the energy consumption of a full adder can be improved up to 6X over the baseline case that optimizes for speed using these probabilistic design principles. Further, over 10X energy savings is acheived for a full adder over the deterministic case.
Nonlinear Soil-Abutment-Bridge Structure Interaction for Seismic Performance-Based Design

Current seismic design of bridges is based on a displacement performance philosophy using nonlinear static pushover analysis. This type of bridge design necessitates that the geotechnical engineer predict the resistance of the abutment backfill soils, which is inherently nonlinear with respect to the displacement between soil backfill and the bridge structure. This paper employs limit-equilibrium methods using mobilized logarithmic-spiral failure surfaces coupled with a modified hyperbolic soil stress-strain behavior (LSH model) to estimate abutment nonlinear force-displacement capacity as a function of wall displacement and soil backfill properties. The calculated force-displacement capacity is validated against the results from eight field experiments conducted on various typical structure backfills. Using LSH and experimental data, a simple hyperbolic force-displacement (HFD) equation is developed that can provide the same results using only the backfill soil stiffness and ultimate soil capacity. HFD is compatible with current CALTRANS practice in regard to the seismic design of bridge abutments. The LSH and HFD models are powerful and effective tools for practicing engineers to produce realistic bridge response for performance-based bridge design.
Waveform generation and signal processing for a multifunction radar system

A multifunction, single platform RF sensor capable of performing target acquisition and tracking, combat identification, high data rate communications, and active protection is of interest to the USA army. The sensor ultimately must tie affordable and the size minimized to meet the demands of a rapidly deployable force. To address these needs, the Army Research Laboratory has built and tested a multifunction radar test bed capable of performing multiple tasks simultaneously at K/sub a/-band. The system has integrated high-end RF components together with commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) signal processing technology. Key elements of the test bed are a commercial direct digital synthesizer (DDS) for adaptable waveform generation, multiple COTS field programmable gate array (FPGA) processors for real-time data acquisition and signal processing, a COTS FPGA based multi-port input/output (I/O) board programmed for radar timing and control, and an electronically scanned antenna (ESA) based upon a Rotman lens beam-former with active elements for multi-beam generation. The radar is capable of transmitting and receiving two simultaneous and independent beams in azimuth with up to 3 GHz of bandwidth and up to 8 watts of average power. The current configuration uses one beam for a radar target acquisition function and the other for a high data rate communication channel. The emphasis of this paper is on the radar's waveform generation and signal processing capability.
Tidal stripping of stars near supermassive black holes

In a binary system composed of a supermassive black hole and a star orbiting the hole in an equatorial, circular orbit, the stellar orbit will shrink due to the action of gravitational radiation, until the star fills its Roche lobe outside the Innermost Stable Circular Orbit (ISCO) of the hole or plunges into the hole. In the former case, gas will flow through the inner Lagrange point (L1) to the hole. If this tidal stripping process happens on a time scale faster than the thermal time scale but slower than the dynamical time scale, the entropy as a function of the interior mass is conserved. The star will evolve adiabatically, and, in most cases, will recede from the hole while filling its Roche lobe. We calculate how the stellar equilibrium properties change, which determines how the stellar orbital period and mass-transfer rate change through the "Roche evolution" for various types of stars in the relativistic regime. We envisage that the mass stream eventually hits the accretion disc, where it forms a hot spot orbiting the hole and may ultimately modulate the luminosity with the stellar orbital frequency. The ultimate goal is to probe the mass and spin of the hole and provide a test of general relativity in the strong-field regime from the resultant quasi-periodic signals. The observability of such a modulation is discussed along with a possible interpretation of an intermittent 1 hour period in the X-ray emission of RE J1034 + 396.
Forecasting the North Atlantic Oscillation Using North Pacific Surface Pressure

Abstract A statistical forecasting scheme for the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is presented. The forecasts are based on Pacific Ocean surface pressure. With 21 months lead time, skills are significant and useful but modest. At 15-month lead, forecasts are robust and skillful under stringent cross validation, and further improve at 12-month lead. Cross-validated 1-yr forecasts correlate with 1925–2002 observations at ∼0.45. Other performance measures indicate similar skills, out performing the best autoregressive models of the NAO index. Importantly, skills of North Pacific–based forecasts easily exceed those of North Atlantic–based ones using identical machinery. The results suggest that NAO variability is not exclusively internal to the North Atlantic, but is also a response to upstream forcing from the North Pacific.
Secom Company, Limited (a)

A Japanese security company develops, over time, powerful information management systems that change its core capabilities. Significant questions arise about what businesses it is in or and what businesses it should and could be in. The history of the company and this development leave the reader wondering what direction the company should take.
Induction of glutathione S‐transferase‐π in Barrett's metaplasia and Barrett's adenocarcinoma cell lines

Barrett's metaplasia consists of columnar epithelium that replaces the normal esophageal mucosa in patients with chronic gastroesophageal reflux. Because intestinal-type Barrett's metaplasia is the major risk factor for adenocarcinoma development, understanding the mechanisms that predispose the esophageal mucosa to malignant degeneration is clinically important. Glutathione s-transferase (GST)-pi belongs to a class of protective enzymes whose activity has been shown to be much lower in Barrett's metaplasia than in the normal esophagus, where this form of GST is predominant. In the studies described here, using immunocytochemical analysis, we observed higher levels of cytoplasmic GST-pi protein in normal esophageal mucosa than in Barrett's metaplasia. Using northern blot analysis, we also observed lower GST-pi mRNA levels in Barrett's metaplasia than in normal esophagus or adenocarcinomas from the same patients. Using as model systems three Barrett's adenocarcinoma cell lines and short-term organ culture of freshly resected normal esophagus and Barrett's metaplasia, dose-dependent induction of GST-pi mRNA was observed by using butylated hydroxyanisole and dexamethasone. GST-pi mRNA in Barrett's metaplasia was induced up to 2.5-fold with 60 microM butylated hydroxyanisole and nearly fivefold with 320 nM dexamethasone after 24 h. These studies demonstrate the ability to induce protective GST-pi in Barrett's metaplasia and may suggest a mechanism for future chemoprevention studies in patients with this type of epithelium, which is at high risk for malignant degeneration.
Methodological contributions to video-based studies of classroom teaching and learning: a commentary

In the past decade, there has been important progress in the development and validation of video-based instruments that enable the systematic assessment of teaching competence with large samples of teachers, across multiple settings and populations, and by researchers other than the developers. This commentary focuses on the methodological contributions represented by the set of articles in this special issue. Several articles report on the development and psychometric properties of innovative ways to measure aspects of the relationship between teaching competence and performance including components of competence, contextual resources for decisions and actions, and knowledge-in-use or accessible knowledge. Others report empirical investigations of the relationships among components of the competence continuum. Still others consider conceptual and methodological challenges in studying instructional competence and performance. This commentary highlights the ways in which the research reported in the articles moves the field forward, providing the community of educational scholars and practitioners with a more nuanced look at the complex constructs of competence and performance.
Suboptimal Guidance for Orbital Proximity Maneuver with Path Constraints Capability

A suboptimal guidance strategy is applied to a 3D translation-only proximity maneuver for a spacecraft in a circular orbit. The approach combines the Inverse Dynamic in the Virtual Domain with the Sequential Gradient-Restoration Algorithm to generate, in realtime, quasi minimum energy trajectories. The maneuver scenarios are based on ClohessyWiltshire dynamic and considers a chaser spacecraft, with limited thrust, moving from an initial state to a final state within an assigned maximum maneuver time. The scenario is completed assuming a spherical keep-out-zone located in between the initial and final position. Resulting trajectories are compared to the optimal solutions obtained by pseudospectral methods. To test the disturbance rejection capability of this guidance strategy, simulations have been also executed assuming the presence of sensor noise and a disturbance force acting on the chaser. Simulation results are included, which show that the proposed approach is suitable for on-board real-time trajectory generation and guidance purposes.
Design of Flow Measurement & Management Automation System of Hunhe Sluice Project and Its Implementation

This paper introduces the design and implementation scheme of the flow measurement and management automation system of Hunhe sluice project. According to the relation among water level,opening degree,flow of sluice,the UF-911 ultrasonic flowmeter is used to calibrate the water flow of typical sluices whose flow measurement sections are selected,and the EC2000 professional flow supervisory and measurement software is used to draw the flow coefficient curves of the sluices and calculate the real-time water flow of each sluice considering the actual situation of wide river channel,numerous sluices,difficult water flow measurement and financial strain. The design and implementation of the scheme is an attempt for the automatic water flow monitoring of control projects on wide plain river channels with numerous sluices.
The effect of sublingual immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides farinae drops on the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 in the peripheral blood CD4~+T cells from asthmatic children

Objective To examine the therapeutic effects of sublingual immunotherapy(SLIT)and to investigate the effect on the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 in the peripheral blood CD4+T cells and the effect on antigen-specific IgE titer in D.farinae allergic asthma children.Methods In one-year double-blind,placebo-controlled trial,84 patients allergic to D.farinae were randomized to receive either D.farinae drops(n = 42)or placebo(n = 42).Symptom,medication and visual analogue score(VAS)were collected.Skin prick test and antigen-specific IgE assessment were performed at baseline and one-year after treatment.In addition,the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 in peripheral blood CD4+T cells were also assessed.Results The symptom score,total medication score and VAS were lower in SLIT group than in placebo group(P 0.05).The IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in CD4+T cells was higher in SLIT group than in placebo group(P 0.05).The ratio change of IFN-γ/IL-4 in CD4+T cells was associated with asthma symptom score change.There was no difference in antigen-specific IgE level between SLIT group and placebo group(P 0.05).Conclusions D.farinae drop is effective in treating allergic asthma.
P'u-Ku Huai-En 僕固懷恩 and the T'ang Court: The Limits of Loyalty

The third quarter of the 8th century is indisputably one of the two or three most crucial periods of the entire Tang dynasty, and yet the surface of its political history has scarcely been scratched. This was the period, we may recall, when the powerful state nurtured by Hsuan-tsung ;£ -=f? (712-755) broke down amid severe political divisions, when the An Lu-shan ^ Ufa jli rebellion ran its disastrous course, and when the central government was obliged to address itself to a long and painful task of reconstruction. Probably the dominance of military men throughout this period has acted as something of a deterrent to scholarly interest, for the consequences of brute force appear both too obvious and too little stimulating to the intellect. However, we must most certainly confront these events and these men, one of whom will in fact occupy our attention here. Aside from the general need, there are in addition good specific reasons for taking up the career of the loyalist general P'uku Huai-en eU 13 & JH (?-765). His is a fascinating, poignant story, of undeniable human interest. It is also an important story, closely interwoven with many of the principal events of the time. Not least, it is a story which offers a personal perspective as well as the official one contained in the formal histories, for, quite exceptionally in view of the subject's metier as soldier and his ultimate fate, he has left a long and candid statement of his own. Translated in full below, this document serves not only to express an individual point of view but also as a valuable source on the contemporary situation in general. Finally, and coincidentally, our subject stands out as an apparently typical product of that marginal frontier zone which, according to the well-known thesis of Professor Owen Lattimore, has played such a vital role in Chinese history.1
Statistical Mechanics: Ideal harmonic solid and black-body radiation

Ideal harmonic crystal We may usefully think of a crystalline solid as a single huge molecule in which the motions of the atoms are decomposable into nearly independent normal modes of vibration. Weak interactions between the modes allow energy to flow between them, leading to thermal equilibrium among them, just as the weak interactions and rare collisions between molecules in an otherwise ideal gas are necessary in order to establish the equilibrium properties of the gas including the Maxwell velocity distribution. Just as there is no further reference to those interactions in the equilibrium properties of the ideal gas, so will there be no further reference to the weak, anharmonic interactions between the otherwise independent harmonic oscillators that constitute this ideal crystal. If the crystal consists of N atoms there will be 3 N – 6 such normal modes of vibration, but since N is very large we may ignore the 6, which is associated with the translation and rotation of the crystal as a whole, and say that there will be 3 N vibrational modes. Precisely because N is large, it is pointless to try to enumerate the modes and find the frequency ν i ( i = 1, …, 3 N ) of each one. Instead, we recognize that there is virtually a continuum of frequencies ν, and we characterize the crystal by a frequency-distribution function g (ν) such that g (ν)dν is the fraction of all the 3 N modes that have frequencies in the infinitesimal frequency interval ν to ν + dν.
Pilot-scale testing of novel fine-particle dewatering aids

Novel dewatering aids were tested on various coal samples from the United States and Canada. Both laboratory and pilot-scale filtration experiments were performed on the samples. The reagents substantially improved the dewatering kinetics and reduced the cake moistures. The cake moistures were typically reduced from the 20% to 30% (by weight) range to the 8% to 14% range using vacuum filtration. When the reagents tested were used in conjunction with a pressure filter, even higher moisture reductions were achieved. In the present work, the novel dewatering aids were tested using different types of pilot-scale vacuum filters. The pilot-scale results were consistent with those obtained in laboratory experiments.
Depression symptom trends and health domains among lung cancer patients in the CanCORS study

Abstract Objectives Among lung cancer patients depression symptoms are common and impact outcomes. The aims of this study were to determine risk factors that contribute to persistent or new onset depression symptoms during lung cancer treatment, and examine interactions between depression symptoms and health domains that influence mortality. Materials and methods Prospective observational study in five healthcare systems and 15 Veterans Affairs medical centers. Patients in the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance (CanCORS) Consortium with lung cancer were eligible. The 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale was administered at baseline and follow-up. Scores ≥4 indicated elevated depressive symptoms. Health domains were measured using validated instruments. We applied logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards modeling to explore the association between depression symptoms, health domains, and mortality. Results Of 1790 participants, 38% had depression symptoms at baseline and among those still alive, 31% at follow-up. Risk factors for depression symptoms at follow-up included younger age (OR=2.81), female sex (OR=1.59), low income (OR=1.45), not being married (OR=1.74) and current smoking status (OR=1.80); high school education was associated with reduced odds of depression symptoms at follow-up, compared with lesser educational attainment (OR=0.74) (all p values Conclusions Patient risk factors for depression symptoms at follow-up were identified and these subgroups should be targeted for enhanced surveillance. Patients with depression symptoms suffer across all health domains; however, only more lung cancer symptoms or less social support are associated with worse mortality among these patients. These potentially modifiable health domains suggest targets for possible intervention in future studies.
Rafael Moneo: Building, Teaching, Writing

Nicholas Ray and Francisco Gonzalez de CanalesYale University Press, June 2015308 pages$40 (hardcover)On the heels of what has been a rare and late outpouring of publications on Jose Rafael Moneo—m...
Validation of Three Previously Developed Short Forms of the Beck Depression Inventory for Youth: A Replication

Three previously developed short forms of the Beck Depression Inventory-Youth (BDI-Y) were validated against the standard 20-item BDI-Y; 168 adolescent survivors completed the standard and short-form versions of the BDI-Y. The short forms were evaluated for internal consistency and compared with the standard BDI-Y using correlation coefficients and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. The three short forms had good internal consistency (α > 0.85), high correlations with the total BDI-Y scale (r > 0.85), and good discrimination compared with the standard BDI-Y cutoff score (area under the ROC curve >0.95). Consistent with prior findings, strong psychometric properties of an eight-item short form support its use as a screening measure for adolescent cancer survivors.
Risk Alleles Identified in Genome-Wide Association Studies Are Associated with Expression Quantitative Trait Loci in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Abstract 2875 Genome wide association studies (GWAS) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have identified thirteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with the risk of developing CLL but do not affect the coding regions of genes. The functional targets of these SNPs remain largely unknown although they are thought to potentially serve as regulatory elements for nearby genes. We have previously published the results of a high resolution integrated genomic analysis of 161 CLLs with matched normal DNAs using Affymetrix 6.0 SNP arrays and Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 arrays run on the CLL lymphocytes. In this analysis, we sought to exploit this dataset to investigate whether SNP genotype at loci implicated in CLL risk by GWAS was associated with altered expression of genes in the CLL lymphocyte expression arrays. We therefore investigated 19 SNPs previously described in GWAS studies, either the SNP itself if present on the Affymetrix 6.0 SNP array, or one or more proxy SNPs for those not present on the array, chosen based on their high linkage disequilibrium ( r 2 > 0.7, usually > 0.9) with the GWAS SNP. Regions studied included 2q13 (1 SNP), 2q37.1 (1 SNP), 2q37.3 (1 SNP), 6p21.3 (1 SNP), 6p25.3 (2 SNPs), 8q24.2 (6 proxy SNPs), 11q24.1 (1 SNP), 15q21.3 (1 SNP), 15q23 (1 proxy SNP), 15q25.2 (1 SNP), 18q21.1 (1 proxy SNP), and 19q13.32 (2 proxy SNPs). We hypothesized that the genes most likely to be regulated by these loci would be located nearby, and therefore explored associations between SNP genotypes and the expression of genes located within 2 Mb of the relevant SNP using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The number of genes evaluated ranged from 11–22 depending on the locus. The analysis was performed independently for SNP genotypes derived from the tumor / lymphocyte samples (n=143) and from the normal / saliva samples (n=70–80). Discordant genotypes between tumor and normal samples were manually reviewed for reconciliation or excluded in the case of poor quality, indeterminate genotype or altered genomic copy number at the locus. Using the SNP genotypes from the tumor samples, we identified 13 genes with expression significantly associated with a risk SNP (using p value HLA-DQA1 (p FKRP (p IRF4 expression on 6p25 was also significantly associated with rs872071 (p=0.01), as we and others have previously shown. MYC expression was associated with two of the proxy SNPs at 8q24, rs17762878 (p=0.03) and rs7823764 (p TLE3 expression (p CPEB1 expression (p COX4NB expression (p IRF4 and MYC by GWAS SNP alleles is unsurprising; current work is focused on validating the associations with the other genes in an extension cohort and exploring their possible functions in CLL. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Estimates of Extreme Precipitation Frequency Derived from Spatially Dense Rain Gauge Observations: A Case Study of Two Urban Areas in the Colorado Front Range Region

Precipitation design values, which describe precipitation extremes expected within a specified time period, provide critical guidance for public policy and the design of hydrologic infrastructure. ...
Streptococcus pneumoniae Osteomyelitis in a 25-Year-Old Man as the Initial Presentation of Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report.

CASE We report the case of a 25-year-old man with femoral Streptococcus pneumoniae pyomyositis as well as hypercalcemia, mild anemia, and elevated inflammatory markers; he subsequently was diagnosed with immunoglobulin G (IgG) kappa multiple myeloma. CONCLUSION Multiple myeloma most commonly affects patients who are >60 years of age, and causes clinical symptoms from anemia, lytic bone lesions, hypercalcemia, and renal failure. These findings and a monoclonal protein spike serve as initial diagnostic and treatment criteria. Multiple myeloma is associated with susceptibility to bacterial infections, especially encapsulated organisms; however, this is rarely the initial presentation. Additionally, it is unusual for myeloma to be diagnosed in a young person (<40 years of age).
Role of Paraoxonase 1 as an Antioxidant in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Abstract Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are leading causes of liver diseases in children as well as adults. Oxidative stress is recognized as an underlying mechanism for the progression of this condition. Several studies are being conducted with an aim to explain molecular pathological mechanism of NASH that could help identify important targets for therapeutic or preventive interventions for NASH patients. Paraoxonase (PON) 1 is an enzyme that is known for its role as an antioxidant in cardiovascular disease. This enzyme is synthesized in liver and is found in circulation bound to HDL. Recent studies have investigated its role in liver diseases, such as chronic hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma, acute viral hepatitis, chronic alcoholic disease, and NASH. This chapter summarizes PON enzymes structure and function, and its role in liver diseases that are mediated through oxidative stress.
Mechanism of Neuronal Shape Transformation and Its Electrical Consequences

A variety of chemical treatments have been shown to induce varicosity formation along neuronal processes, although little is known of their functional significance. Varicosity formation has been induced in neuntes following exposure to local anesthetics1, n-hexane2, and cytochalasin3. Traumatic stimulation is also known to cause varicosity formation in DRG processes. In an extreme example of this effect4, varicosity formation was shown in transected DRG processes within 30 min. of transection. Exposure of DRG cultures to a short duration, high energy, mechanical stimulation elicits marked changes in neural varicosities which became more irregular in spacing and size5.
ABSORPTION AND EMISSION

This chapter focuses on the absorption and emission processes in atoms, for which it is permissible to replace the totality of atomic states by just two discrete states between which the transition occurs. Such a simplification is possible if the energy separation between the two states of an atom correspond to the photon energy whereas all other levels are spaced so that there are no energy differences close to the the photon energy. In the semiclassical theory, the spontaneous part of the emission probability emerges after an attempt to reconcile the Planck's radiation law with thermodynamic requirements. However, the quantum–mechanical treatment of the radiation field gives the spontaneous emission automatically. The quantum–mechanical oscillator strength for an atomic transition corresponds to the number of classical oscillators that would emit or absorb the same amount of radiation. Collisions between atoms may have the effect of interrupting the wave train of the radiation emitted by an atom. In the case of quantum mechanics, an excited atom cannot only relax to the ground state by spontaneous emission but may also release its excitation energy to another atom in the course of an impact. The lifetime is therefore shortened and may be completely dominated by the time between collisions. The random motions of the atoms in a gas give rise to the Doppler Effect. The profile due to Doppler broadening is Gaussian because of the Maxwellian distribution of velocities. Doppler and collision broadening are independent.
Approaches for Creation and Evaluation of Computationally Efficient Thermofluid System Models

Abstract Useful simulation of complex systems for real-time or otherwise computationally constrained applications often requires the creation of simplified system models from existing analytical models and data. In this work, the creation of candidate models through machine learning and heuristic-informed model simplification methods are explored, and the resulting candidate models are evaluated and compared through an optimal experiment design process. The dynamic system of interest is a counterflow air-to-water heat exchanger.
The Trial of Charles I (1649): Selected Links & Bibliography

This is a bibliography of links including extensive text of documents from the trial of the only King of England to be tried and executed by his own people - Charles I in 1649. The trial of Charles culminated a long feud with Parliament over the extent of the royal prerogative and this bibliography includes extended excerpts from modern analysis as well as contemporary documents from the trial and its after-effect temporarily abolishing the monarchy and House of Lords. Included are the "indictment", Charles words in his own defense, the statement and sentence of the Court, the death warrant, and Charles' last words before beheading.
Modernizing Distribution System Restoration to Achieve Resiliency Against Extreme Weather Events

Recent severe power outages caused by extreme weather events have highlighted the importance and urgency of improving the resilience of the electric power grid. Grid resilience is increasingly critical since the number of outages caused by severe weather is expected to rise as climate change increases the frequency and intensity of hurricanes, blizzards, floods, and other extreme weather events. As the distribution grids may still remain vulnerable to natural disasters to a certain extent, the power industry has focused on methods of restoring distribution systems quickly after disasters. However, current distribution grid restoration practice is based on the predetermined priorities from previous experiences, which is not adaptive with respect to the status of power grid damage under evolving weather events and available restoration capabilities and resources, and thus tends to be inefficient and suboptimal. In addition, lack of situational awareness of distribution grids poses great challenges to power system operators, which largely delays the restoration process and incurs large economic costs to customers.
Microaggressions and Discrimination Relate to Barriers to Care Among Black Women Living with HIV.

Abstract In the United States, black women living with HIV (BWLWH) represent the highest proportion of women living with HIV and dying from HIV-related illnesses when compared with women of other r...
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is the encryption standard approved in 2000 under the auspices of the US government, originally for civilian cryptographic use. In 2003 the United States government approved the use of AES for classified and secret information. Versions of AES for 192 bit and 256 bit keys are approved for top secret information. The National Institute of Standards and Technology, which led the 3 year approval process for AES, has certified in excess of 1000 products incorporating AES [10].
Pediatric Patients and Dietary Choices: Examining Alternative Options, Decision Making, and Misinformation.

Background Nutrition is a key component of oncologic therapies and treatments. Patients and families are interested in the integration of alternative diets to promote therapy response as well as counteract the cancer. With the expansion of online and social media presence comes the endorsement of nonscientific claims. Objectives The purpose of this article is to review alternative diets and discuss the basis of good nutrition in pediatric patients with cancer. This article will also explore where patients and families are likely to seek their information and assess their level of trust in the information. Methods Five alternative diets and two supplements were assessed through a literature review for their effect on pediatric patients with cancer. Findings Additional research is needed to prove consistent and definitive dietary benefits for pediatric patients with cancer; however, some diets have demonstrated promising results. A general diet for pediatric patients with cancer consists of an appropriate distribution of nutritious carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. However, unregulated sources of information remain a risk.
The Elusive Core Collection

Abstract This paper revisits the concept of a core collection for college libraries. Is there a set of books which should be in every college library collection? Does anyone know what it is? As state university libraries become more integrated within their university systems, perhaps the notion of a list of indispensable titles is no longer relevant. In the University System of Georgia, for example, it might be assumed that at least one of its 34 institutions could supply nearly any book requested, and that it will be delivered quickly enough. Yet, the idea of core titles in each library still seems important, not only for the convenience of having valued books on the shelves, but also because “core” suggests books of importance. In this paper, the author looks at one likely source of “core titles”-lists of best books published in library journals-and examines the rate at which they have been purchased by six state universities. Percentages of titles purchased from best book lists will be compared with pe...
The war against pancreatic cancer in 2020 - advances on all fronts

In 2020, important advances were made across three major frontiers of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) research: risk factors, therapeutic resistance and tumour recurrence. Pathophysiology of obesity-mediated PDAC initiation was elucidated, novel stromal mechanisms of therapeutic resistance were unveiled and the genetic evolution of recurrent PDAC under therapeutic pressures was tracked in human samples.
Mental Health Issues in the Homeless

There is limited research on behavioral emergencies in the homeless population. The number of individuals who are homeless has become increasingly overwhelming and continues to be a public concern. Many of the homeless population have a mental health or substance use disorder [1, 2]. As medical and mental health professionals working in the field, it is increasingly important that steps are taken to improve the care and treatment of this population.
The Effect of Like-Kind Property on the Section 704(c) Anti-Mixing Bowl Rules

Section 704(c)(2) provides an exception to the section 704(c)(1)(B) anti-mixing bowl rules. Commentators have observed that the section 704(c)(2) regulations appear to reach a result that is different from the one intended by the language of the statute. This article take a close look at the language of section 704(c)(2) and suggests that it is subject to multiple interpretations. Of those multiple interpretations, one that requires the partners to recast their original transaction to account for the basis of distributed like-kind property is the most reasonable. The results obtained using that interpretation are identical to the results in the section 704(c)(2) regulations. Thus, the article concludes that commentary on those regulations is generally incorrect.