cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A before-after implementation trial of smoking cessation guidelines in hospitalized veterans.

Although most hospitalized smokers receive some form of cessation counseling during hospitalization, few receive outpatient cessation counseling and/or pharmacotherapy following discharge, which are key factors associated with long-term cessation. US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals are challenged to find resources to implement and maintain the kind of high intensity cessation programs that have been shown to be effective in research studies. Few studies have applied the Chronic Care Model (CCM) to improve inpatient smoking cessation. The primary objective of this protocol is to determine the effect of a nurse-initiated intervention, which couples low-intensity inpatient counseling with sustained proactive telephone counseling, on smoking abstinence in hospitalized patients. Key secondary aims are to determine the impact of the intervention on staff nurses' attitudes toward providing smoking cessation counseling; to identify barriers and facilitators to implementation of smoking cessation guidelines in VA hospitals; and to determine the short-term cost-effectiveness of implementing the intervention. Pre-post study design in four VA hospitals Hospitalized patients, aged 18 or older, who smoke at least one cigarette per day. The intervention will include: nurse training in delivery of bedside cessation counseling, electronic medical record tools (to streamline nursing assessment and documentation, to facilitate prescription of pharmacotherapy), computerized referral of motivated inpatients for proactive telephone counseling, and use of internal nursing facilitators to provide coaching to staff nurses practicing in non-critical care inpatient units. The primary endpoint is seven-day point prevalence abstinence at six months following hospital admission and prolonged abstinence after a one-month grace period. To compare abstinence rates during the intervention and baseline periods, we will use random effects logistic regression models, which take the clustered nature of the data within nurses and hospitals into account. We will assess attitudes of staff nurses toward cessation counseling by questionnaire and will identify barriers and facilitators to implementation by using clinician focus groups. To determine the short-term incremental cost per quitter from the perspective of the VA health care system, we will calculate cessation-related costs incurred during the initial hospitalization and six-month follow-up period. NCT00816036
Closed-Loop Modeling of the Frame Collision Probability under the IEEE 802.11b DCF

The frame collision probability is an important parameter of the performance modeling of the IEEE 802.11b DCF. This probability has long been assumed to be independent to the medium access control. The validity of this assumption has not been scrutinized. In this paper, we modeled the 802.11b DCF by a closed-loop model. The transient expressions of the collision probability is first derived from the closed-loop model, and its time-invariant expression is further derived. The time-invariant expression is dependent only on the number of contending devices. The validity of our modeling is demonstrated by comparing the analytical results with the measurement results obtained from simulations. The analytical results closely approximate the measurement results.
Reduction of Loss and Local Overheating in the Tank of a Current Transformer

Transformer manufacturers often use low carbon steel for oil tanks to cut down production costs. The low carbon steel tanks experience not only high eddy currents loss, but also suffer from localized overheating in the tank particularly in the vicinity of insulated terminals. A numerical analysis of the eddy current loss generated in the tank walls of a current transformer (CT) due to adjacent high-current carrying primary conductor is presented. A 3-D nonlinear-transient finite-element method was used to determine the eddy current loss. Estimated losses at rated and overload conditions are then compared with the measured ones; they are in good agreement. In order to reduce the tank loss and local overheating, three nonmagnetic inserts are proposed and their effectiveness is analyzed. These inserts yield about 25 to 40% reduction in the total loss in the CT compared to that without any insert. Results also indicate that these inserts may be used to obtain a significant reduction in the local overheating, thereby contributing to improved life and reliability of the CTs.
Informed consent in children and adolescents: Age, maturation and psychological state

Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationship of understanding of research participation to anxiety, control, and stage of cognitive development. Methods: Participants included 44 boys and girls ages 7 to 20 years. All were inpatients for the first time in pediatric units of a research hospital. Twenty participants were admitted for experimental treatment of pediatric cancers and 24 were admitted for a 3-week treatment of extreme obesity. An interview was conducted to assess 12 elements of knowledge of research participation of a medical protocol. The interview was coded for: 1) knowledge of research participation score, 2) weighted knowledge of participation in research score (based on physician ratings of what was most-to-least important for children and adolescents to know), and 3) global control (perceived control over life, illness and treatment). A measure of anxiety and one Piagetian task to measure stage of cognitive development also were administered. Results: Pearson correlations, significant at p ≦ .05, were as follows: knowledge of participation in research and global control, ( r = .40) and weighted knowledge of participation in research score and global control ( r = .38). Hierarchical regression showed that the best predictors of knowledge of research participation or the weighted knowledge of research participation score was global control alone or an interaction of global control with anxiety. Conclusions: Emotional factors were more frequently related to understanding of research participation than age or cognitive development. Providing medical environments that decrease anxiety and increase control may enhance children's and adolescent's understanding of the research process.
Aqueous Degradation and Chemical Passivation of Yttria-Tetragonally-Stabilized Zirconia at 25°C

The objective of this study was to establish the mechanism(s) controlling degradation of yttria-tetragonally-stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) powder in aqueous suspensions and determine the significance of this degradation to the aqueous physical chemistry of Y-TZP. Experiments were performed on commercially available Y-TZP powder placed in aqueous suspensions at 25°C. Experimental investigations included analysis of the aqueous chemistry of Y-TZP in water via ICP-MS, determination of the surface and bulk structure of the powder via XRD and solid-state NMR, and observation of changes in surface charges via zeta potential determinations. The goal of this study was to control the surface chemistry of Y-TZP in aqueous suspension to promote dispersion and permit aqueous processing of Y-TZP powders.
Effect of Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid on the Growth Rate of Live Birds and on the Abdominal Fat Content and Quality of Broiler Meat

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the growth, body composition, abdominal fat accumulation, and meat quality in broilers. In Experiment 1, 50 broilers that were 3 wk old (total of 200 birds) were assigned to one of the four diets containing 0, 0.25, 0.5, or 1% CLA and were fed for 3 wk. In Experiment 2, 40 broilers that were 3 wk old (total of 120 birds) were assigned to one of the three diets containing 0, 2, or 3% CLA and fed for 5 wk. At the end of the 3-wk feeding trial, the average body weight of broilers for Experiment 1 was about 2.20 kg per bird for all treatments. For Experiment 2, after 5-wk feeding trial, the average body weights of birds were 4.04, 3.99, and 3.93 kg for the control, 2% CLA, and 3% CLA groups, respectively, with a non significant reduction in body weight as the levels of dietary CLA increased. There was no difference in abdominal fat weight, the total body fat, and protein content in broilers among the CLA treatments for Experiment 1. However, when the dietary CLA was increased to 2 or 3%, the total body fat content was reduced. The whole body fat content decreased from 14.2% in the control to 11.9 and 12.2% for 2 and 3% CLA, respectively. Dietary CLA at 2 and 3% levels influenced meat quality. After cooking, the breast meat from 2 or 3% dietary CLA treatment was harder and drier, and the color was a little darker than that of the control. These changes could be caused by the decreased unsaturated fatty acid content in meat after CLA feeding, which increased the melting point of the fat.
A versatile all-channel stimulator for electrode arrays, with real-time control

Over the last few decades, technology to record through ever increasing numbers of electrodes has become available to electrophysiologists. For the study of distributed neural processing, however, the ability to stimulate through equal numbers of electrodes, and thus to attain bidirectional communication, is of paramount importance. Here, we present a stimulation system for multi-electrode arrays which interfaces with existing commercial recording hardware, and allows stimulation through any electrode in the array, with rapid switching between channels. The system is controlled through real-time Linux, making it extremely flexible: stimulation sequences can be constructed on-the-fly, and arbitrary stimulus waveforms can be used if desired. A key feature of this design is that it can be readily and inexpensively reproduced in other labs, since it interfaces to standard PC parallel ports and uses only off-the-shelf components. Moreover, adaptation for use with in vivo multi-electrode probes would be straightforward. In combination with our freely available data-acquisition software, MeaBench, this system can provide feedback stimulation in response to recorded action potentials within 15 ms.
Evaluation of a modified colorimetric assay for the determination of acetaminophen in serum

An evaluation of a new colorimetric assay (SIGMA-430) for the rapid determination of acetaminophen in serum or plasma was performed. Acetaminophen was reacted with nitrous acid to form a 2-nitro-5-acetamidophenol derivative, which was measured colorimetrically in an alkaline medium. The assay was linear over a concentration range of 50-500 mg/L. Within-run and between-run CV's with a 300 mg/L sample were 1.51% (n = 12) and 3.00% (n = 20), respectively. Mean analytical recovery of acetaminophen added to plasma at 50-600 mg/L was 102.0%. Seventeen commonly prescribed weakly acidic or neutral drugs were also analyzed by the method with no significant interferences. A comparison of 21 consecutive serum samples with the colorimetric assay and an HPLC method yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.989. Colorimetric values were statistically higher.
Gas micro-well track imaging detectors for gamma-ray astronomy

We describe our program to develop gas micro-well detectors (MWDs) as three-dimensional charged particle trackers for use in advanced gamma-ray telescope concepts. A micro-well detector consists of an array of individual micro-patterned gas proportional counters opposite a planar drift electrode. The well anodes and cathodes may be connected in X and Y strips, respectively, to provide two-dimensional imaging. When combined with transient digitizer electronics, which record the time signature of the charge collected in the wells of each strip, full three-dimensional reconstruction of charged-particle tracks in large gas volumes is possible. Such detectors hold great promise for advanced Compton telescope (ACT) and advanced pair telescope (APT) concepts due to the very precise measurement of charged particle momenta that is possible (Compton recoil electrons and electron-positron pairs, respectively). We present preliminary lab results, including detector fabrication, prototype electronics, and initial detector testing. We also discuss applications to the ACT and APT mission concepts, based on GEANT3 and GEANT4 simulations.
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Should a Chaperone Accompany Our Therapeutic Approach?

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes that is associated with axonal atrophy, demyelination, blunted regenerative potential, and loss of peripheral nerve fibers. The development and progression of DPN is due in large part to hyperglycemia but is also affected by insulin deficiency and dyslipidemia. Although numerous biochemical mechanisms contribute to DPN, increased oxidative/nitrosative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction seem intimately associated with nerve dysfunction and diminished regenerative capacity. Despite advances in understanding the etiology of DPN, few approved therapies exist for the pharmacological management of painful or insensate DPN. Therefore, identifying novel therapeutic strategies remains paramount. Because DPN does not develop with either temporal or biochemical uniformity, its therapeutic management may benefit from a multifaceted approach that inhibits pathogenic mechanisms, manages inflammation, and increases cytoprotective responses. Finally, exercise has long been recognized as a part of the therapeutic management of diabetes, and exercise can delay and/or prevent the development of painful DPN. This review presents an overview of existing therapies that target both causal and symptomatic features of DPN and discusses the role of up-regulating cytoprotective pathways via modulating molecular chaperones. Overall, it may be unrealistic to expect that a single pharmacologic entity will suffice to ameliorate the multiple symptoms of human DPN. Thus, combinatorial therapies that target causal mechanisms and enhance endogenous reparative capacity may enhance nerve function and improve regeneration in DPN if they converge to decrease oxidative stress, improve mitochondrial bioenergetics, and increase response to trophic factors.
Kinematic eddy viscosity at low Reynolds numbers.

with A = A + v(tw/p)~]-/2, and showed that when Eqs. (3) (with a = 0.0168) and (5) were used as the eddy- viscosity formulation in the solution of the boundary-layer equations, the agreement with experiment was improved. Bushnell and Morris6 made measurements in hypersonic turbulent boundary layers at low Reynolds numbers. They observed that when they calculated the eddy-viscosity distribution from their data, the variations with Reynolds number of the parameters K and a in the inner and the outer eddy-viscosity formulas were similar to those in Refs. 5 and 4. Recently Huffman and Bradshaw7 concluded, after examining a large number of experimental data, that the parameter K in Eq. (5) was a constant. As may be seen from all these studies, the question of the universality of these constants is not settled. In the present Note we attempt to settle the question by showing that the parameter a is not a universal constant, but that K is— at least according to the calculations done by the author.
Tensions in the Parent and Adult Child Relationship: Links to Solidarity and Ambivalence

Tensions are normative in the parent and adult child relationship, but there is little research on the topics that cause the most tension or whether tensions are associated with overall relationship quality. Adult sons and daughters, aged 22 to 49, and their mothers and fathers (N = 158 families, 474 individuals) reported the intensity of different tension topics and relationship quality (solidarity and ambivalence) with one another. Tensions varied between and within families by generation, gender and age of offspring. In comparison to tensions regarding individual issues, tensions regarding the relationship were associated with lower affective solidarity and greater ambivalence. Findings are consistent with the developmental schism hypothesis, which indicates that parent-child tensions are common and are the result of discrepancies in developmental needs which vary by generation, gender, and age.
Relationship of IQ and Reading Score to Visual, Spatial, and Temporal Matching Tasks

Intersensory integration has been extensively explored in relation to reading and its developmental anomalies. Since matching across sensory modalities also involves different modes of presentation (auditory-sequential vs. visual-spatial), we tested the ability of normal and learning disabled children to match spatially arranged patterns of dots as well as sequences of light flashes within a single modality, vision. Normal and experimental subjects found it easiest to match spatial patterns with each other, and that task did not distinguish between the two groups. The other tasks were more difficult for both, particularly when sequential flashes of light were presented first and had to be matched to other flashes of light or to a spatial pattern. On these tasks the performance of normal children was significantly better than that of the learning disabled. Only the condition which required matching from sequence to pattern correlated with reading age among the learning disabled: possibly it is a process si...
Foreign Aid under Quantitative Restrictions: Welfare Effects and International Factor Mobility

Using a two-country, general-equilibrium model of international trade, this paper incorporates pre-existing quantitative trade restrictions and international factor mobility into the transfer problem analysis. The effects of foreign aid on the welfare of both the donor and recipient nations are identified under each form of quantitative trade restriction: quotas and voluntary export restraints (VERs). In doing so, this paper identifies conditions under which international transfers are strictly Pareto-improving (i.e. increase global welfare). A central result of this analysis is the direct welfare effect of a transfer received by a nation with quota-constrained (VER-constrained) imports is enhanced (may be enhanced) by a worsening of the recipient’s terms of trade.
In Vivo Labeling of Serum Albumin for PET

The purpose of this study was to develop a novel in vivo albumin-labeling method to allow PET of cardiac function after myocardial infarction and vascular leakage and increased permeability in inflammatory diseases and malignant tumors. Methods: To label albumin in vivo, we synthesized a NOTA (1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N′,N″-triacetic acid)-conjugated truncated form of Evans blue (NEB). 18F labeling was achieved by the formation of an 18F-aluminum fluoride (18F-AlF) complex, and 64Cu labeling was obtained by a standard chelation method. Sixty-minute dynamic PET imaging was performed on normal mice to evaluate the distribution of 18F-AlF-NEB, which was compared with in vitro–labeled mouse serum albumin (18F-fluorobenzyl-MSA). Electrocardiography-gated PET imaging was performed in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. Both dynamic and static PET scans were obtained in a mouse inflammation model induced by local injection of turpentine to evaluate vascular leakage. Tumor permeability was studied by dynamic and late-point static PET using 64Cu-NEB in a UM-22B xenograft model. Results: NEB was successfully synthesized, and 18F labeling including work-up took about 20–30 min, with a radiochemical purity greater than 95% without the need for high-performance liquid chromatography purification. Most of the radioactivity was retained in the circulation system at 60 min after injection (26.35 ± 1.52 percentage injected dose per gram [%ID/g]). With electrocardiography-gated PET, ventricles of the heart and major arteries were clearly visualized. The myocardial infarction mice showed much lower left ventricular ejection fraction than the control mice. Inflammatory muscles showed significantly higher tracer accumulation than the contralateral healthy ones. UM-22B tumor uptake of 64Cu-NEB gradually increased with time (5.73 ± 1.11 %ID/g at 1 h and 8.03 ± 0.77 %ID/g at 2 h after injection). Conclusion: The distribution and local accumulation of serum albumin can be noninvasively visualized and quantified by 18F-AlF-NEB and 64Cu-NEB PET. The simple labeling and broad applications make these imaging probes attractive for clinical translation.
Cerebellar subjects show impaired coupling of reach and grasp movements

We examined how cerebellar deficits in isolated reaching or grasping movements contribute to abnormalities in a combined reach and grasp movement, and whether people with cerebellar damage show abnormalities in the spatiotemporal relationships of reach and grasp movements. We studied subjects with cerebellar damage and matched controls as they performed a combined reach and grasp, an isolated reach, and an isolated grasp. These movements were performed under slow-accurate and fast speed conditions. Subjects were also tested for their ability to correctly estimate the target size based on visual information. We measured the three-dimensional position of the index finger, thumb and wrist joint during all tasks. Results showed that cerebellar subjects overestimated the target size to a greater extent than did controls. During movement testing, cerebellar subjects were impaired on isolated reach and isolated grasp. However, they did not worsen parameters of reach or grasp movements during the combined reach and grasp. Instead there were distinct deficits in the coupling of the reach and grasp movement. Compared with controls, cerebellar subjects showed abnormalities in the sequence of the reach and grasp movement and highly variable timing of peak grip aperture. In the slow-accurate condition, cerebellar subjects decomposed the reach and grasp movement into separate reach then grasp components, and produced multiple peaks in grip aperture. In the fast condition, cerebellar subjects did not decompose, produced a single peak grip aperture, and dropped the target more often. These results indicate that cerebellar damage can cause a specific breakdown in the coupling of reach and grasp movements. The cerebellum may be involved in combining reach and grasp movements into a single motor program.
Environmental influences on neural systems of relational complexity.

Salary support for M. Layne Kalbfleisch was provided by Leonard and Virginia Pomata. Salary support for M. Banasiak was provided by the Academy of Neuroscience for Architecture (ANFA). Publication of this article was funded in part by the George Mason University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund.
Perceived coercion in inpatients with Anorexia nervosa: Associations with illness severity and hospital course.

Objective The use of coercion in the treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN) is controversial and the limited studies to date have focused on involuntary treatment. However, coercive pressure for treatment that does not include legal measures is common in voluntarily admitted patients with AN. Empirical data examining the effect of non-legal forms of coerced care on hospital outcomes are needed. Method Participants (N = 202) with AN, Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID), or subthreshold AN admitted to a hospital-based behavioral specialty program completed questionnaires assessing illness severity and perceived coercion around the admissions process. Hospital course variables included inpatient length of stay, successful transition to a step-down partial hospitalization program, and achievement of target weight prior to program discharge. Results Higher perceived coercion at admission was associated with increased drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction, but not with admission BMI. Perceived coercion was not related to inpatient length of stay, rate of weight gain, or achievement of target weight although it was predictive of premature drop-out prior to transition to an integrated partial hospitalization program. Discussion These results, from an adequately powered sample, demonstrate that perceived coercion at admission to a hospital-based behavioral treatment program was not associated with rate of inpatient weight gain or achieving weight restoration, suggesting that coercive pressure to enter treatment does not necessarily undermine formation of a therapeutic alliance or clinical progress. Future studies should examine perceived coercion and long-term outcomes, patient views on coercive pressures, and the effect of different forms of leveraged treatment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:407–412).
Intentionality and Psychological Explanation

Intentionality is a property of some mental states and of linguistic expressions, according to which they are directed onto or are about things other than themselves. Beliefs, desires, and other internal representations are intentional states. Intentional psychological explanation consists in discovering and citing law-like regularities between internal representations and types of behavior. Such law-like regularities are not to be found either between stimulus and response or between behavior and specific types of brain states (characterized at neuron-type level). Rather the regularities that would explain human behavior are to be found by subsuming representations—intentional states—and behavior under general laws. An appealing consequence of this theory is that it allows ordinary psychological explanations in terms of the agent's beliefs and desires, on the one hand, and neurological and pharmaceutical explanations, on the other, to be compatible and even complementary. Keywords: explanation; intentionality; representation; theory of mind
Authoritarianism, Religiousness, and Conservatism : Is “Obedience to Authority” the Explanation for Their Clustering, Universality and Evolution?

Authoritarianism, Religiousness and Conservatism are among the most studied social attitudes in modern psychology . Measures of the three attitudes consistently correlate between 0.50 and 0.70. These strong correlations suggest that they form a higher order factor that I call Traditionalism. I review evidence that supports the idea of such a higher order factor distinct from other attitude factors and comparable higher order personality traits. I propose that an underlying cause of Traditionalism is the disposition to obey authority and more broadly to respond positively to symbols of authority. Contemporary research shows that variance in this trait is due to genetic factors and not due to patterns of childrearing. There is suggestive evidence that this trait facilitates reproductive fitness , but the evidence is very indirect and appropriately designed studies are needed to answer the question. The predisposition to obey authority is consistent with constructs in two other major evolutionary theories: Haidt’s theory of the evolution of moral intuition and Simon’s theory of “docility.” I further argue that while obedience to religious authorities can be seen as a form of exploitation, and may well be in some cases, the disposition to obey authority probably evolved in the context of reciprocity .
Identification of potential missed opportunities for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in women referred to an academic colposcopy clinic for evaluation of abnormal cervical cytology.

abstractObjective: To identify possible predictors of missed opportunities for human papillomavirus (HPV) counseling and vaccination prior to presentation at an academic colposcopy clinic. Materials and Methods: We examined the characteristics of 638 vaccinated and 1,024 unvaccinated age-eligible patients using data from a patient registry of women presenting for colposcopic evaluation between 2/26/2007 and 3/10/2014 who were aged 26 or less at presentation. Demographics, smoking history, pregnancy history, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), sexual history, contraception use, immunosuppression, and medical problems were compared between HPV vaccinated and unvaccinated women. Multivariable logistic regression models included age, race, language, marital status, insurance type, lifetime number of sexual partners, other medical illnesses, number of pregnancies, contraception use, history of STIs, and smoking history to determine predictors of HPV vaccination. Results: In multivariable analysis, race, ma...
Builders of School Morale

(1933). Builders of School Morale. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 24-77.
Intraocular Pressure and Autonomic Dysfunction

Publisher Summary An inadequate outflow of aqueous causes an increase of intraocular pressure (IOP). An IOP increase is a significant risk factor for the development of glaucoma. Glaucoma is defined as optic nerve damage in which there is a characteristic acquired loss of retinal ganglion cells and damage to the optic nerve. Vision loss in untreated glaucoma is progressive and permanent. Glaucoma generally is bilateral and affects the peripheral vision initially. It may also occur in patients with measured IOP within the population physiologic range of 10 to 21 mmHg. Patients with autonomic failure can experience dimming of their vision as they assume an upright posture. These symptoms improve with the treatment of their autonomic dysfunction. Some also report ocular pain with wide fluctuations in blood pressure. Untreated patients have significant declines in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, IOPs, and mean ocular perfusion pressures compared with matched control subjects when changing from supine to standing positions.
Perioperative factors associated with acute kidney injury after partial nephrectomy

Abstract Background Partial nephrectomy is performed with the aim to preserve renal function. But the occurrence of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) can interfere with this goal. Our primary aim was to evaluate associations between pre-specified modifiable factors and estimated glomerular filtration rate after partial nephrectomy. Our secondary aims were to evaluate associations between pre-specified modifiable factors and both serum creatinine concentration and type of nephrectomy. Methods The records of 1955 patients who underwent partial nephrectomy were collected. Postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was used as the primary outcome measure. Twenty modifiable risk factors were studied. A repeated-measures linear model with autoregressive within-subject correlation structure was used. The interaction between all the factors and type of nephrectomy was also studied. Results A total of 1187 (61%) patients had no kidney injury, 647 (33%) had stage I, 80 (4%) had stage II, and 41 (2%) had stage III injury. The mean eGFR increased an estimated 0.83 (99.76% CI 0.79–0.88) ml min−1 1.73 m−2 for a unit increase in baseline eGFR. Mean eGFR was 2.65 (99.76% CI: 0.13, 5.18) ml min−1 1.73 m−2 lower in patients with hypertension. Mean eGFR decreased 0.42 (99.76% CI: 0.22, 0.62) ml min−1 1.73 m−2 for a 10-minute longer in duration of procedure and decreased 2.09 (99.76% CI: 1.39, 2.80) ml min−1 1.73 m−2 for a 10-minute longer in ischemia time. It was 3.53 (99.76% CI: 0.83, 6.23) ml min−1 1.73 m−2 lower for patients who received warm ischemia as compared to cold ischemia. Conclusion Potentially modifiable factors associated with AKI in the postoperative period were identified as baseline renal function, preoperative hypertension, longer duration of surgical time and ischaemia time, and warm ischaemia.
Eradicating mass spectrometric glycan rearrangement by utilizing free radicals

Mass spectrometric glycan rearrangement is problematic because it provides misleading structural information. Here we report on a new reagent, a methylated free radical activated glycan sequencing reagent (Me-FRAGS), which combines a free radical precursor with a methylated pyridine moiety that can be coupled to the reducing terminus of glycans. The collisional activation of Me-FRAGS-derivatized glycans generates a nascent free radical that concurrently induces abundant glycosidic bond and cross-ring cleavage without the need for subsequent activation. The product ions resulting from glycan rearrangement, including internal residue loss and multiple external residue losses, are precluded. Glycan structures can be easily assembled and visualized using a radical driven glycan deconstruction diagram (R-DECON diagram). The presence and location of N-acetylated saccharide units and branch sites can be identified from the characteristic dissociation patterns observed only at these locations. The mechanisms of dissociation are investigated and discussed. This Me-FRAGS based mass spectrometric approach creates a new blueprint for glycan structure analysis.
Molecular Profiles and the “Indeterminate” Thyroid Nodule

Although fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is the most accurate and reliable diagnostic test available for the evaluation of a thyroid nodule, 20–30 % of FNA results are indeterminate or suspicious. In order to improve upon the diagnostic accuracy of FNA, several ancillary molecular tests have emerged to further refine the diagnostic role of FNA biopsy and improve the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis of indeterminate thyroid lesions. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in the investigation of these molecular markers, and promising findings have been reported. However, because of the complexity of surgical decision-making processes, the clinical usefulness and impact of these markers remain unclear. This chapter will review the efficacy and potential clinical utility of these molecular markers in preoperative diagnosis of an indeterminate thyroid nodule.
How should we teach lumbar manipulation? A consensus study

Abstract Background Spinal manipulation is an effective intervention for low back pain, yet there is little consistency in how this skill is taught. Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify what educators and clinicians believe are important characteristics of the patient and operator position prior to side-lying lumbar manipulation and the patient position and operator motion during the manipulative thrust. Design A multi-disciplinary correspondence-based Delphi method. Methods Three rounds of questionnaires were sent to physical therapists, osteopaths and chiropractors. Consensus was established in Round 3 if at least 75% of respondents identified a characteristic as very important/extremely important on a 5-point Likert scale. Results 265 educators and clinicians completed the three rounds of questioning. There was consensus that localization to target segment, patient comfort, table height, and logrolling the patient towards the operator are important characteristics of patient position during the preparatory phase. During the manipulation phase, respondents agreed that it is important to maintain localization to the segment and rotate the patient's pelvis and lumbar spine. For the operator characteristics, consensus was reached for the following items; moving up and over the patient, maintaining contact using forearms, and close contact between the operator and patient (preparatory phase); generating force through the body and legs, dropping the body downwards, maintaining localization, and providing a high-velocity and low-amplitude thrust (manipulation phase). Conclusions This Delphi study successfully identified key characteristics of patient position and operator position and motion for effective delivery of side-lying lumbar spine manipulations.
Euler's Problem Revisited: 222 Years Later

This paper furnishes several closed-form solutions for the buckling eigenvalue problem of the columns with variable flexural rigidity along the axis. The column is either under uniformly distributed axial load or under concentrated compressive load.
Resilience as a Political Ideal

Abstract“Resilience” is booming. No longer a mere metaphor or abstract reference to dispositional properties, the resilience of communities or social-ecological systems is increasingly grounded in specific first-order properties. Consequently, resilience now constitutes a contentful and achievable partial conception of a good society. Yet political philosophers have taken little notice. The current article first discerns within recent social-scientific literature a set of attainable and measurable first-order properties that constitute “community resilience” or “ecological resilience.” Then, specifying “resilience” as the resilience of high-HDI democratic societies to environmental disasters, infrastructure failures, and economic collapse, the current article argues from within a liberal framework that both “classical” (Lockean) and “egalitarian” (Rawlsian) liberals must treat resilience so understood as a necessary condition of legitimacy and justice; and this conclusion forces an overhaul of these liber...
Subtotal De-Epithelialization and Partial Concealment of the Glans Clitoris: A Modification to Improve the Cosmetic Results of Feminizing Genitoplasty

AbstractAn unsatisfactory appearance of the external genitalia after otherwise successful genitoplasty may result from failure to reduce the size of a hypertrophied glans clitoris and change its appearance from a large bulbous structure to a small conical cap. A more pleasing cosmetic result can be achieved by modifying a technique for glansplasty originally described by Lattimer: subtotal glans de-epithelialization and partial glans concealment. Six patients with virilized external genitalia (3 with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 2 with gonadal dysgenesis and 1 true hermaphrodite) underwent feminizing genitoplasty using this modified technique at ages 3 to 13 months. All patients have achieved pleasing cosmetic results that are vastly superior to our experience with other methods for clitoral reduction.
Clinicopathologic Determinants of Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Specimens Diagnosed as Atypia of Undetermined Significance/Follicular Lesion of Undetermined Significance

The diagnostic category of atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) in The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) has proven to be heterogeneous in terms of usage and clinical outcome. Several factors have been noted in the literature to lead to AUS/FLUS diagnosis. In this study, we assessed the significance of various clinicopathologic factors that …
Two Learning Trajectories

In design research instructional design and research are interrelated, “the design of classroom learning environment serves as the context for research and, conversely, ongoing and retroactive analyses are conducted in order to inform the improvement of design” (Cobb et al., 2011, p. 75). The design of mathematical tasks or learning sequences of exercise and their analysis is a central component of research in mathematics education and ties together learning trajectories and design research.
Correlative Super-Resolution Microscopy: New Dimensions and New Opportunities.

Correlative microscopy, the integration of two or more microscopy techniques performed on the same sample, produces results that emphasize the strengths of each technique while offsetting their individual weaknesses. Light microscopy has historically been a central method in correlative microscopy due to its widespread availability, compatibility with hydrated and live biological samples, and excellent molecular specificity through fluorescence labeling. However, conventional light microscopy can only achieve a resolution of ∼300 nm, undercutting its advantages in correlations with higher-resolution methods. The rise of super-resolution microscopy (SRM) over the past decade has drastically improved the resolution of light microscopy to ∼10 nm, thus creating exciting new opportunities and challenges for correlative microscopy. Here we review how these challenges are addressed to effectively correlate SRM with other microscopy techniques, including light microscopy, electron microscopy, cryomicroscopy, atom...
Relationship between perfusion index and patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants

Perfusion index (PI) is a noninvasive measure of perfusion. ΔPI (difference between pre- and postductal PI) may identify hemodynamically significant PDA. However, studies are limited to brief and intermittent ΔPI sampling. Our objective is to assess the value of continuous high resolution ΔPI monitoring in the diagnosis of PDA. Continuous ΔPI monitoring in preterm infants was prospectively performed using two high-resolution pulse oximeters. Perfusion Index measures (ΔPI mean and variability, pre- and postductal PI) were analyzed over a 4-h period prior to echocardiography. A cardiologist blinded to the results evaluated for PDA on echocardiography. Linear mixed regression models were utilized for analyses. We obtained 31 echocardiography observations. Mean ΔPI (−0.23 vs. 0.16; P < 0.05), mean pre-PI (0.86 vs. 1.26; P < 0.05), and ΔPI variability (0.39 vs. 0.61; P = 0.05) were lower in infants with PDA compared to infants without PDA at the time of echocardiography. Mean ΔPI, ΔPI variability, and mean pre-PI measured 4 h prior to echocardiography detect PDA in preterm infants. PI is dynamic and should be assessed continuously. Perfusion index is a promising bedside measurement to identify PDA in preterm infants.
Preparing potential leaders: Facilitating a learning experience on LMX and fairness in the workplace

Abstract The topic of ethics and its relation to leadership is a pedagogical concern for organizations and educators alike. However, current empirical and instructional approaches to leadership still lack a critical perspective on the topic of fairness. We take an initial step as a response to this gap in management education by introducing a learning activity focused on leader-member exchange (LMX) and its implications for fairness in the workplace. This proposed pedagogical approach incorporates a classroom-based game to emphasize two critical psychological strategies for learning: emotional learning and depth of processing. We hope that this pedagogical approach and emphasis on these two learning strategies will contribute to management education by 1) responding to recent calls to critically appraise and redesign the manner in which we currently teach leadership, particularly as it relates to humanizing the concept and highlighting its workplace fairness components, 2) bringing to light two critical learning strategies known to facilitate the commitment of new information to memory, 3) exposing students to a facet of leadership they are likely to experience in their first professional entry-level positions, and 4) facilitating a discussion of leadership more broadly.
86 Team Working with Volunteers to Uplift the Environment and Facilitate Enhanced Wayfinding

Enhancing the Healing Environment (EHE), a programme administered by Help the Hospices in conjunction with the King’s Fund, encourages end-of-life care providers to recognise the positive impact of light, colour and art on the general wellbeing of patients. Through consultation with patients, staff, volunteers and relatives, the EHE project …
SpeedPro: A Predictive Multi-Model Approach for Urban Traffic Speed Estimation

Data generated by GPS-equipped probe vehicles, especially public transit vehicles can be a reliable source for traffic speed estimation. Traditionally, this estimation is done by learning the parameters of a model that describes the relationship between the speed of the probe vehicle and the actual traffic speed. However, such approaches typically suffer from data sparsity issues. Furthermore, most state of the art approaches does not consider the effect of weather and the driver of the probe vehicle on the parameters of the learned model. In this paper, we describe a multivariate predictive multi-model approach called SpeedPro that (a) first identifies similar clusters of operation from the historic data that includes the real-time position of the probe vehicle, the weather data, and anonymized driver identifier, and then (b) uses these different models to estimate the traffic speed in real-time as a function of current weather, driver and probe vehicle speed. When the real-time information is not available our approach uses a different model that uses the historical weather and traffic information for estimation. Our results show that the purely historical data is less accurate than the model that uses the real-time information.
Linking design and properties of purine-based donor–acceptor chromophores as optoelectronic materials

Creating new building blocks for donor–acceptor conjugated systems is an important task for continued development of materials for organic electronics. Purines were introduced into small-molecule π-conjugated systems via Stille cross-coupling using stannylated derivatives of benzodithiophene, thiophene, or dithienylbenzothiadiazole to generate a series of “purine–π–purine” chromophores having high thermal stability, long excited-state lifetimes, and high quantum yields. Photophysical and electrochemical property characterization indicate that depending on the choice of a conjugated bridging unit, purines behave as either an electron-donating or an electron-accepting unit in these small-molecule donor–acceptor chromophores. Specifically, while purine chromophores do not exhibit charge transfer character when linked to a thiophene unit, purinyl units act as a weak acceptor when coupled with benzodithiophene and as a weak donor when coupled with dithienylbenzothiadiazole. In addition to fundamental insights into the molecular design of purine-based chromophores and their charge-transfer character, the results and synthetic tailorability of purines suggest that they may be compelling building blocks in conjugated materials for optical and electronic devices and sensors.
Promoting Learning for a Student with a Severe Disability Through Paraprofessional Training

Most paraprofessionals are not well trained to implement evidence-based practices that can improve student outcomes. In this study, we trained a paraprofessional to use evidence-based instructional...
Endarterectomy of the Abdominal Aorta and Its Branches

The application of endarterectomy, or direct removal of a lesion from within an artery, was the first operation performed to restore flow in arterial occlusive disease. Dos Santos performed the first endarterectomy in a superficial femoral artery and termed the operation “disobliteration” and noted the critical role that the anticoagulant heparin had in his success. Jack Wylie at the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) performed the first successful endarterectomy in the United States for occlusive disease of the abdominal aorta soon thereafter, and went on to report a significant series of these pioneering operations. This established a tradition of endarterectomy at UCSF which has evolved to treat occlusive lesions throughout the arterial system.
Cortical and Sensory Causes of Individual Differences in Selective Attention Ability Among Listeners With Normal Hearing Thresholds.

Purpose This review provides clinicians with an overview of recent findings relevant to understanding why listeners with normal hearing thresholds (NHTs) sometimes suffer from communication difficu...
Near Real-Time Data Recovery from Oceanographic Moorings

The chapter focuses on the basic principles and challenges of transmitting near real-time data from surface and subsurface moorings, and discusses designs and approaches used in the current generation of moorings.