cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Complicated Limp: When Occam's Razor Fails

This is a case of an 8-year-old girl who presents to the emergency department unable to walk due to right hip and left ankle pain for 3 days. Her examination is notable for polyarthralgia with significant tenderness of the left ankle and a heart murmur. Arthrocentesis of the ankle was performed, and initial results were inconclusive. Magnetic resonance imaging of the left ankle demonstrated findings consistent with an infection of the joint space. Subsequent laboratory results were also diagnostic for acute rheumatic fever. This patient was treated for both septic arthritis and acute rheumatic fever. This case report reviews the differential diagnosis for arthritis as well as the diagnostic criteria for acute rheumatic fever. The case highlights the need to search for a second diagnosis if a unifying diagnosis fails to explain all of a patient's signs and symptoms.
EFFECTS OF PHENYLEPHRINE ON CEREBRAL AID MYOCARDIAL BLCCO FLAW DURING CPR IN INFANT PIGLETS

We evaluated phenylephrine (PE) during CPR in an infant animal model to determine if cerebral (CBF) and myocardial (CBF) blood flow could be sustained for longer periods of CPR than in our previously published study using epinephrine (E)1. CPR was performed on 6 pentobarbital-anesthetized piglets (2 weeks old, 4-5 kg) by a pneumatic compressor at 100 coirpressions/min, 60% duty cycle, and 1:5 breath to compression ratio. Aortic pressure decreased after 10 min of CPR, while right artial pressure remained unchanged resulting in MBF of 28 and 35 ml/min/100 g at 5 and 10 min of CPR. CBF (ml/min/100 g) was maintained at prearrest values (34 ± 4) for 20 min (28 ± 9) of CPR but fell during prolonged CPR because of a decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure after that time. CMRO2 (ml/min/100 g) was sustained at control values (2.1 ± .2) for 10 min (2.4 ± .3) but thereafter decreased. Cerebral extraction (EXT) was elevated above prearrest levels, but not different than with E. In conclusion, PE sustained CMRO2 and CBF for 10 and 20 min of CPR, comparing favorably to E in our study. PE provided significant levels of MBF during early CPR, but less than with E. Therefore, in infant piglets, PE and E provide similar benefits on CBF and CMRO2 during early CPR, but are not sustained indefinitely in either group. MBF may be less with PE. 1. Schleien, C., et al. Circulation 73:809, 1986. (Supported by NS20020)
The correlation of watermark and paper chemistry in sixteenth century Italian printed maps

(1990). The correlation of watermark and paper chemistry in sixteenth century Italian printed maps. Imago Mundi: Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 84-93.
Identification of a CHO cell-elongating factor produced by Vibrio cholerae O1.

Abstract Vibrio cholerae strains with all known toxin genes deleted or inactivated still cause diarrhoea in some volunteers, suggesting the presence of an unknown virulence factor or factors. Lysozyme-EDTA treated cells of JBK70, a genetically manipulated cholera toxin negative strain of Vibrio cholerae O1, biotype El Tor, release a factor that causes elongation of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. CHO cell-elongating toxin (Cef) was purified by FPLC chromatography (anion exchange; Q Sepharose High Performance) followed by 2D electrophoresis (isoelectric focusing gel, IEF; pH 3–9 and SDS-PAGE, 8–25% gradient gel). Partly purified toxin (anion exchange or IEF-eluted concentrate) caused fluid accumulation in sealed infant mice suggesting that Cef shows some properties of an enterotoxin. On SDS-PAGE (8–25%) and IEF (pH 2.5–5.0) gels, CHO cell activity was associated with a single band at 85 kDa and a pI of 3.8, respectively. A unique amino terminal sequence, XGDETNSSGASTEVVYESYIQQ, was determined by automated Edman degradation of gel-purified protein. The unique molecular mass, N-terminal sequence and activity on CHO cells indicate that this factor is not zonula occludens toxin (Zot) or accessory cholera enterotoxin (Ace) or the Hly A haemolysin. Partly purified Cef did not increase cyclic AMP or prostaglandin E 2 levels in CHO cells which suggests that its mechanism of action differs from that of cholera toxin.
Precambrian of Ethiopia

THE western (Wollega-Gojjam) and southern (Sidamo) of the four main areas of exposed Precambrian in Ethiopia have been studied during the current United Nations-Ethiopia Mineral Survey. Coupled with data obtained in the north (Tigre)1, a preliminary three-fold stratigraphie subdivision has been established. A generalized sketch of the Precambrian structure of Ethiopia and adjacent parts of the Horn of Africa may now be drawn (Fig. 1).
Yukon River: Evidence for Extensive Migration during the Holocene Transgression

The shift of the Yukon River, during the Holocene sea-level transgression, from south of Nunivak Island during the Wisconsin maximum to its present location (a distance greater than 300 kilometers) is indicated by remanent channels, distinct subbottom structures, deltaic sediments, and anomalous rates of sediment accumulation on the continental shelf of the east-central Bering Sea. These features were produced as the ancestral river migrated northward across the easternmost part of this area before 11,000 years ago.
Characterization of the role of TCRγδ in NK cell accumulation during viral liver inflammation

Abstract Polyinosinic–polyctidylic acid (Poly I:C) is a viral RNA mimic that can induce immune responses similar to that seen during viral infection. Although poly I:C administration into mice is associated increased NK cell infiltrates in the liver, the mechanisms underlying increased hepatic NK cell accumulation in response to poly I:C administration are incompletely defined. In the current study, we have identified a novel and important role for γδT cells in driving the accumulation and activation of NK cells in the liver during poly I:C-mediated viral liver infection. Specifically, NK cell accumulation but not activation in γδT cell deficient mice following poly I:C administration was significantly attenuated in comparison to that seen in poly I:C-treated wildtype mice. The ability of γδT cells to promote NK cell accumulation and activation in the liver may be virus-specific since NK cell accumulation in the liver was not altered by TCRγδ deficiency following adenovirus administration.
A disaggregate analysis of port selection

Abstract With this article we use an alternative form of the discrete choice model to analyze the distribution of maritime shipments among US ports. We model the distribution as a function of the characteristics that describe each shipment and each port. We assume that vessel schedules are fixed in the short-term and examine the assignment to ports for exports of various commodity-types as a function of geographic location, port characteristics, and characteristics of vessel schedules. We find that the most significant characteristic of a port is its location. We show also how the market share predicted for a port can be expected to vary with each commodity-type and each carrier, and we show how the choice process varies for discretionary cargo.
Desperately seeking "normal": the promise and perils of living with kidney transplantation.

Abstract Organ transplantation offers a dramatic example of the promises for health held out by biomedicine—and thus, a productive vantage point from which to interrogate those promises. Drawing on ethnographic research on kidney transplantation in Guadalajara, Mexico, this article examines the version of “health” offered to patients through transplantation. The paper explores patients’ transplant trajectories as they move from learning to desire a transplant to actually receiving one and living with it over the long term, all within particular structuring sociocultural and political economic conditions. The article analyzes how transplanted patients are forced to come to terms with the contingent states of “health” and “normality” wrought by transplantation as they carve out an existence in the persistently liminal spaces between the roles of “sick” and “healthy,” dependent patient and fully contributing family member.
The dsp curriculum analag signal processing first

The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Illinois recently adopted new undergraduate curricula. The most radical change was the introduction of ECE 210, Analog Signal Processing, in place of both the sophomore-level circuit analysis course and the junior-level signals and systems course. The new course combines core material from these traditional courses, along with applications such as AM radio and a modest laboratory component, in a way that improves both the students’ understanding and their motivation. The new course still serves well as the base of the required curriculum and as a prerequisite for subsequent courses, while realizing savings in the early curriculum and allowing more time for advanced signal processing and systems courses in future semesters .
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes as high temperature carbon monoxide sensors

Abstract Heat treatment of acid-treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) produces profound changes in their electrical properties. Below 600 °C the resistance of a thick film of MWCNT (∼100 μm) was below 200 Ω while at 700 °C, the resistance increased to over 20 MΩ. This process was irreversible. TEM showed that for a heat treatment ≤600 °C, the tube nature prevailed, but above 600 °C, nanoparticles of carbon materials with graphitic layers as well as tubes are present. The resistance changes upon interaction with carbon monoxide were monitored for materials heated at 600 and 700 °C. For materials heated at temperatures ≤600 °C, the largest changes in resistances (p-type) were observed at 400 °C with CO, with no measureable resistance changes at 100 and 600 °C. For materials heated to 700 °C, p-type resistance changes were observed for both CO and O 2 between 600 and 700 °C, with no changes at 800 °C, and background resistances approaching 95 MΩ at 500 °C. MWCNTs are demonstrated as potential materials for carbon monoxide sensing over the temperature range of 600–700 °C, but not very suitable for sensing between 100 and 400 °C, primarily because of the drift in the background.
Reputations, Perceptions, and International Economic Agreements

How do countries’ actions on the international stage affect their reputations? We propose that, particularly when evaluating countries about whom individuals may have few prior beliefs, internation...
Motives and social evaluation: Actor-observer differences in the delineation of motives for a beneficial act☆

Abstract Adequate social evaluation of an intentional act depends on a specification of the actor's motives, that is, the consequences he or she anticipated when performing the purposeful behavior. Prior work in experimental social psychology has often underestimated the important social functions served by motive statements, including how they influence and regulate social conduct, permit adequate social analysis of purposeful behavior, and project desired identities. Two experiments examined actor-observer differences in the delineation of motives for the positive act of helping another person. In both studies, it was found that actors attributed their behavior largely to positive motives (e.g., to help the other) and minimized nonpositive ones (e.g., to make a favorable impression), while observers' attributions showed little or no differentiation as a function of the valence of the motives. Actors' self-enhancing attributions were somewhat more pronounced when the consequences were large, and occurred under private as well as public assessment conditions. Also, a reversal of the “typical” actor-observer effect was found in that actors attributed more personal than situational responsibility, while observers did the opposite. This pattern occurred under private assessment conditions and was even more pronounced when the actors' interpretations would be public. The results suggest the presence of motivational biases in the interpretation of social events, and are difficult to explain through recourse to the standard “logical” information processing alternatives.
Infrared Matrix‐Isolation Studies of Nuclear‐Spin‐Species Conversion

Studies of the time evolution of intensities in the fine structure of infrared bands of CH3D, H2O, and NH3 isolated in rare‐gas matrices in the temperature region 6.5°–20°K have been made. The molecule CH3D exhibits a fine structure at 6.5°K with time‐dependent intensities. The data are interpreted in terms of nuclear‐spin‐species conversion. Because of rapid reconversion at 20°K it is concluded that CH3D cannot be obtained at room temperature with a nonequilibrium distribution of spin isomers by low‐temperature equilibration. The time dependence of the fine structure of the H2O bending mode at 6.5°K has been reinvestigated. The essence of the previous work is confirmed. The rate of nuclear‐spin conversion is found to be rapid at 30°K. The fine structure of the NH3 umbrella motion exhibits a time dependence which indicates that most of the fine structure observed is not due to rotation.
Introductory lecture: Systems materials engineering approach for solar-to-chemical conversion

Solar-to-chemical (STC) production using a fully integrated system is an attractive goal, but to-date there has yet to be a system that can demonstrate the required efficiency or durability, or could be manufactured at a reasonable cost. One can learn a great deal from the natural photosynthesis where the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to carbohydrates is routinely carried out at a highly coordinated system level. There are several key features worth mentioning in these systems: spatial and directional arrangement of the light-harvesting components; charge separation and transport; as well as the desired chemical conversion at catalytic sites in compartmentalized spaces. In order to design an efficient artificial photosynthetic materials system, at the level of the individual components better catalysts need to be developed, new light-absorbing semiconductor materials will need to be discovered, architectures will need to be designed for effective capture and conversion of sunlight, and more importantly, processes need to be developed for the efficient coupling and integration of the components into a complete artificial photosynthetic system.
Cholesterol domains in biological membranes.

Membrane cholesterol is distributed asymmetrically both within the cell or within cellular membranes. Elaboration of intracellular cholesterol trafficking, targeting and intramembrane distribution has been spurred by both molecular and structural approaches. The expression of recombinant sterol carrier proteins in L-cell fibroblasts has been especially useful in demonstrating for the first time that such proteins actually elicit intracellular and intra-plasma membrane redistribution of sterol. Additional advances in the use of native fluorescent sterols allowed resolution of transbilayer and lateral cholesterol domains in plasma membranes from cultured fibroblasts, brain synaptosomes and erythrocytes. In all three cell surface membranes, cholesterol is enriched in the inner, cytofacial leaflet. Up to three different cholesterol domains have been identified in the lateral plane of the plasma membrane: a fast exchanging domain comprising less than 10% of cholesterol, a slowly exchanging domain comprising ab...
Ion and electron beam processing of condensed molecular solids to form thin films

Electron and ion beams can be used to deposit thin films and etch surfaces using gas phase precursors. However, the generation of undesirable gas phase products and the diffusion of the reactive species beyond the region irradiated by the electron or ion beam can limit selectivity. In this paper, the feasibility of processing condensed precursors such as diborane, tri-methyl aluminum, ammonia and water at 78 K with low energy ( 100--1000 eV) electron and ion beams (Ar{sup +}, N{sub 2}{sup +} and H{sub 2}{sup +}) ranging in current density from 50 nA to several {mu}a per cm{sup 2} is examined. It was found that boron, boron nitride and stoichiometric aluminum oxide films could be deposited from the condensed volatile; species using charged particle beams and some of the physical and chemical aspects and limitations of this new technique are discussed.
Mycosis fungoides: Clinicopathologic relationships, survival, and therapy in 59 patients with observations on occupation as a new prognostic factor

Clinicopathologic relationships, survival, and therapy were reviewed in 59 patients with mycosis fungoides (MF). An analysis of patient survival disclosed that stage of disease was a significant prognostic variable only if both cutaneous and visceral manifestations were considered in the staging design. The classical three-stage format, based solely on findings of eczema (I), plaques (II), or skin tumors (III), was not a significant factor in predicting survival. However, the inclusion of lymphadenopathy (IV) and organomegaly (V) or circulating Sezary cells (VI) in an expanded model revealed a significant decline in the probability of survival with increasing stage of disease. Regarding cases where the original histopathologic material was available for review, there was no association between the histologic stage of the specimen and the morphology of skin lesions. These data militate against the use of a staging scheme based on histologic criteria. Among 30 different types of treatment employed during the course of this study, highdose electron beam was superior to all other physical and chemotherapeutic modalities. In a case-control study considering occupational factors, patients with MF who were employed in manufacturing or construction industries were at significantly increased risk (relative risk = 4.3). Patient survival was reduced considerably for those with industrial backgrounds, suggesting that this subgroup was inclined to have severe disease. The concept that occupational factors may be implicated in the etiology of mycosis fungoides provides a new dimension to previous pathogenic hypotheses that needs further evaluation.
Religion in the Psychology of Personality: An Introduction

This article presents an overview of this special issue of the Journal of Personality on religion in the psychology of personality. I begin with a brief historical overview in which I highlight the discrepancy between the vision of early personologists and how religion is handled today within the field of personality. I then consider how contemporary research and theory can profit by incorporating religious and spiritual constructs and processes. As personality psychologists purport to study the whole person, the relative neglect of religiousness in the current literature is a serious omission that precludes a comprehensive understanding of the person.
The tragedy of offensive realism: testing aggressive power politics models

Offensive realism is a theory of opportunistic state power maximization. States are said to always seek power so that they may dominate the international system and survive under conditions of anarchy. The theory of offensive realism is both descriptive in the sense that it suggests how states have acted in the past and prescriptive in that it suggests how states should conduct foreign policy. What remains is to empirically test the propositions that offensive realism advocates. Under such testing, we argue that offensive realism fails to accurately explain the “tragedy of great power politics.” We find that two opposing theories, one norm-based and one issue-based, perform better than offensive realism in describing the actions of major powers. If the theory fails to accurately explain past historical events, it is of little use for guiding future actions and policy.
Proximity soundings for severe convection for Europe and the United States from reanalysis data

Abstract Proximity soundings from reanalysis data have been created for significant severe thunderstorms in the United States and Europe, along with corresponding soundings not associated with severe thunderstorms. The probability of a combination of convective available potential energy (CAPE) and deep tropospheric wind shear being associated with significant severe thunderstorms has been calculated for both areas. Probabilities of significant severe storms are higher for high CAPE and shear in Europe, but those large scale environmental conditions are experienced much more frequently in the US, so that the overall number of events is much higher in the US. Probabilities of significant storms are approximately constant for constant values of CAPE⁎Shear for each of the datasets. High values of 0–1 km wind shear and low lifted condensation levels are associated with higher probabilities that significant severe thunderstorms will be associated with significant tornadoes. A subset of the US data, taken from the southeastern US in the cool season, produces probabilities that are much closer to the European values than the overall US data. The environments also are closer to European values with relatively low CAPE and low lifted condensation levels. From the southeastern US data, it is shown that the probability of severe convection occurring with moderate values of CAPE⁎Shear is much higher in the cool season than in the warm season. It is suggested that the higher probabilities result from stronger synoptic forcing and stronger and more frequent boundaries to initiate convection.
The strategy of grounded theory: possibilities and problems.

Kathleen Wells, PhD, is associate professor ; Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences , Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland , OH 441067164. It edited Riessman, by tive is the a Studies pleasure by recent Sherman and in to publication Qualitative Social write and an Work Reid. essay of Research two Research These about books, in books issues Social , edited Qualitatestify raised Work by , by the recent publication of two books, Qualitative Studies in Social Work Research , edited by Riessman, and Qualitative Research in Social Work , edited Sherman and Reid. Th e books testify to the variety of qualitative methods, their potential for enhancing knowledge and informing practice, and the interest of social work researchers in qualitative approaches. The editor-in-chief of this journal commissioned this essay along with others in this volume not only to acknowledge the importance of qualitative methods but also to recognize their complexity and the controversy surrounding their use (Morse, 1994). Indeed, social work researchers do not agree even on how to define, implement, and evaluate qualitative methods, because they cut across social scientific paradigms, academic disciplines, and fields of study and their associated questions (Denzin & Lincoln, 1994; Patton, 1990). To promote elaboration of some specific issues, this essay focuses on one qualitative strategy, grounded theory (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). This approach has been used widely in social work, in other human services professions, and in the social sciences (Strauss & Corbin, 1994). Several authors in Riessman's and Sherman and Reid's books used the strategy. The investigations these authors describe, however, do not conform to my understanding of the approach (Abramson & Mizrahi, 1994; Belcher, 1994; Burnette, 1994; Gregg, 1994; Mizrahi & Abramson, 1994). I suggest not that the investigations lacked rigor or merit but rather that the term "grounded theory" was applied to diverse approaches to knowledge development. Such use complicates the description, evaluation, and teaching of the grounded theory strategy. To clarify the strategy of grounded theory and to promote restricted use of the term, I review the development of the approach, its central features, and criteria for its evaluation. I then suggest some possible reasons for misunderstanding it and identify critical issues regarding its use.
Predictive transform: further results

It is shown that statistics used to design a minimum mean square error (MSE) linear predictive transform (LPT) estimator result in significant design and implementation simplifications, by factors of eight and four, respectively, when these statistics satisfy certain symmetry constraints and the state dimensionality is large. More specifically, the computational burden associated with the design of the exact minimum MSE LPT signal source model present in the LPT estimator is reduced by a factor of approximately eight; the computational burden linked to the design of LPT estimator gains is simplified by a factor of approximately eight; and the implementation burden of the LPT estimator is reduced by a factor of approximately four. >
A Culture of Collaboration: Meeting the Instructional Needs of Adolescent English Language Learners.

This article details a study that focused on the supports that enabled an English language learner (ELL) facilitator to contribute to a culture of collaboration between the English as a Second Language (ESL) and Language Arts Departments to more effectively meet the instructional needs of ELLs in one culturally and linguistically diverse high school. Findings emphasize the importance of (1) a supportive leadership context for inclusion of ELLs and the ELL facilitator's work, (2) schoolwide supports for ELLs, and (3) collaboration and influence of the literacy team. The article describes the contributions of the ELL facilitator to the culture of collaboration between the ESL and Language Arts Departments, analyzes the structures and organization of the school context that contributed to this collaborative work to meet the instructional needs of ELLs, and discusses the importance of these findings for both research and practice.
Diiron Azamonothiolates by the Scission of Dithiadiazacyclooctanes by Iron Carbonyls

The reaction of Fe3(CO)12 with the dithiadiazacyclooctanes [SCH2N(R)CH2]2 affords Fe2[SCH2N(Me)CH2](CO)6 (R = Me, Bn). The methyl derivative 1Me was characterized crystallographically (Fe-Fe = 2.5702(5) A). Its low symmetry is verified by variable temperature 13C NMR spectroscopy which revealed that the turnstile rotation of the S(CH2)Fe(CO)3 and S(NMe)Fe(CO)3 centers are subject to very different energy barriers. Although 1Me resists protonation, it readily undergoes substitution by tertiary phosphines, first at the S(CH2)Fe(CO)3 center, as verified crystallographically for Fe2[SCH2N(Me)CH2](CO)5(PPh3). Substitution by the chelating diphosphine dppe (Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2) gave Fe2[SCH2N(Me)CH2](CO)4(dppe), resulting from substitution at both the S(CH2)Fe(CO)3 and S(NMe)Fe(CO)3 sites.
Using acoustic modeling to develop a hybrid H-ADCP configuration

The Port Everglades Shipping Channel (PESC) in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida is thought to be a pathway by which anthropogenic nutrients and pathogens reach the coastal ocean from inland waters. To quantify this, a flow measurement system was installed in the PESC. In planning this measurement system, conventional vertical and horizontal ADCP configurations were considered but found to be unsuitable for differing reasons. This motivated the development of a hybrid deployment configuration. A Teledyne-RDI 300 kHz H-ADCP was deployed near the surface with an 8.5 degree downward tilt so that measurement cells nearest to the instrument would record data from the upper water column while cells further from the instrument would record data from deeper depths. The PESC is often times vertically stratified and it was realized that this stratification could affect the data received from a system deployed in this manner. To estimate these effects, sound speed profiles taken in the PESC were used as input to an acoustic propagation model. This model simulated the acoustic paths from the instrument deployed at different angles. Analysis of these simulations enabled the selection of the optimal angle for deployment that allowed for the maximum profiling range while minimizing the effects of stratification on the acoustic path.
Invasive meningococcal disease in childhood

1. Anne F. Brayer, MD* 2. Sharon G. Humiston, MD, MPH* 1. *Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Describe the epidemiology of meningococcal disease, including predisposing host and environmental factors. 2. Recognize early and key clinical features of meningococcal meningitis and severe meningococcal sepsis. 3. Know current treatment guidelines for invasive meningococcal disease. 4. Identify the most common complications and prognosis for meningococcal disease. 5. Be familiar with current vaccination recommendations in the United States. Neisseria meningitidis remains a serious bacterial threat to the well-being of children. Since the introduction of immunization against Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, the risk of serious illness from these organisms has decreased sharply among immunized children, and it is hoped that widespread use of meningococcal conjugate vaccine will lead to the same outcome. The meningococcus causes a variety of disease entities, but this review focuses primarily on its two major manifestations: severe meningococcal septicemia (SMS), sometimes confusingly called “meningococcemia,” and meningococcal meningitis (MM). ### Prevalence Annually, meningococcal disease has affected as many as 3,000 people in the United States. Although outbreaks of illness tend to receive major media attention, fewer than 5% of cases occur during outbreaks. The prevalence of the asymptomatic carrier state varies from less than 2% in children younger than 2 years of age to as high as 10% to 40% among adolescents and young adults. The highest carrier prevalence is among those living in close quarters, such as college students and military recruits. Based on data from the United States Active Bacterial Core Surveillance sites, the estimated average annual incidence of meningococcal disease is 0.53 cases per 100,000 population, with the annual incidence decreasing from 0.92 per 100,000 population in 1998 to 0.33 cases …
Local Treatment for Neuropathic Foot Ulceration and Osteoarthropathy

Forty-one patients with 42 involved feet received local care for neuropathic foot disease. Thirty-one patients had ulcers (nine with associated fractures), and 10 did not (eight with fracture and two with severe ligamentous injury). Patients were examined at least 1 year after initiation of treatment, and follow-up averaged 3 years (range, 1 to 9). Treatment included ulcer cleansing, debridement, local bone excision, molded plaster casts, and antibiotics for patients with significant infection. Most patients used special shoes. Of the 42 involved extremities, 39 (93%) healed with treatment, 21 extremities (50%) remained healed at follow-up examination, and 16 patients (39%) continue to have difficulty with recurrent foot ulceration or osteoarthropathy. Thirty-nine patients (95%) have avoided the need for a major amputation.
A Solid-State Digital Tide Gauge

A new type of marine water-height sensing device has been designed and built for use as a tide gauge. Primary prerequisites for the instrument were inexpensive construction, avoidance of moving parts, reliability of operation in a marine environment, and direct computer interface for automated data acquisition. The resultant instrument employs carbon electrodes fixed to a polyvinyl chloride pipe, and remote electronics to sense water level in the pipe. The electronics were designed so as to minimize current through the electrodes. The design is adaptable to different tidal ranges and resolutions, and could also be used as a wave-height sensor.
DOCUMENTING LOCAL CULTURE: AN INTRODUCTORY FIELD SCHOOL

This chapter provides a detailed description of a three-week summer residential field school conducted in Bloomington, Indiana, in 2000 and 2001. Following a model developed by David A. Taylor of the American Folklife Center, the school provided instruction and hands-on experience to students interested in learning methods of cultural fieldwork including interviewing, photography and participant-observation. Additionally, students learned methods of documentation including archiving and exhibition through radio, video, and other public displays. Each field school was organized around a salient local theme: the public square, in year 1 and community and disability, in year 2. This chapter summarizes the multiple practical challenges that students and instructors face in conducting a successful fieldwork school, with reference to transportation, supervision, field ethics, meals, residential accommodations, equipment, teamwork, and exiting the field.
Effects of temperature and stocking density on food consumption and growth of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella, Val.

Grass carp were raised in 227 1 indoor tanks at 12.8, 18.3, 23.9 and 29.4° C temperatures, each experimental condition received five fish. Five grass carp were also raised in a 1135 1 tank maintained at 29.4° C representing low stocking density (29.4° C-L). Food consumption, food conversion, and growth of carp were not different among the 18.3, 23.9, and 29.4° C experimental conditions with identical stocking density. The least growth and food consumption were noted for the fish at the 12.8° C temperature. The fish at the low stocking density had the best growth and maximum food consumption.
When the World Outside Gets Inside Your Head: The Effects of Media Context on Perceptions of Public Opinion

Citizens are variably influenced by information flow depending on their location within a social structure. One method of understanding this influence is through an assessment of multiple levels of analysis. Although many scholars have called for such analyses, few have heeded that call. This research addresses the relevance of “context” to the study of media effects on perceptions of public opinion. Survey data from the American National Election Studies are combined with a content analysis of campaign news in 24 regional newspapers, as well as advertising data, in order to parse out contextual media effects. Results show that perceived public opinion varies significantly across media markets. Newspaper use and personal candidate preference had a significant effect on the likelihood of perceiving Kerry to be the state-winning candidate. There was also a significant cross-level interaction between media context and political discussion on perceptions of public opinion.
Benzoylnitrene radical anion: A new reagent for the generation of M-2H anions

Benzoylnitrene radical anion, formed in high abundance by electron ionization of benzoylazide, is found to be a useful reagent for the formation of ionized reactive intermediates, such as diradicals and carbenes. The reactivity of the ion is similar to what is observed with atomic oxygen anion, occurring in many instances by H2+ transfer. However, because benzoylnitrene radical anion is less basic than oxygen anion, it undergoes H2+ transfer with substrates that react with oxygen anion by only proton transfer and therefore can be used to generate reactive ions not easily prepared by other methodologies.
Energy loss and angular characteristics of high energy electromagnetic processes

Abstract For high energy protons, pions and muons (up to 30 TeV) the energy and angle of the final state particles in bremsstrahlung, direct pair production and, for muons, deep inelastic scattering are determined as a function of the fractional energy loss of the incident particle. The results are parametrized for convenient use in Monte Carlo simulations. The average energy loss and rms angular deflection of muons, pions and protons in bulk matter are determined and compared with other work.
A Physiological Assessment of Seasonal Differences in Spring and Autumn Migration Stopover at Braddock Bay, Lake Ontario

Abstract. This study investigated seasonal differences in fat deposition and nutritional status of migrating passerine birds at an important stopover site on the south shore of Lake Ontario. Birds were captured during spring and autumn stopovers, and their plasma metabolites were measured as indicators of refueling rates (plasma triglyceride) and nutritional state (plasma uric acid). Catharus thrushes had higher plasma triglyceride and lower plasma uric acid in autumn than in spring, whereas Red-eyed Vireos had higher plasma triglyceride in spring than in autumn, but no seasonal differences in plasma uric acid. There were no seasonal differences in plasma triglyceride concentrations in White-throated Sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis) and Blackpoll Warblers (Setophaga striata), although White-throated Sparrows had plasma uric acid higher in spring than in autumn, suggesting they were consuming more protein than were those captured during autumn migration. These data suggest that songbirds use this site for...
Rescue by PF Deletion, Traces as (Non)interveners, and the That-Trace Effect

The article demonstrates that the rescue-by-PF-deletion account of the amelioration effect of island violations under ellipsis, originally noted by Ross (1969), can be extended to account for the that-trace effect, including the adverb amelioration effect, and the lack of intervention effects with certain null arguments that are otherwise found with their overt counterparts, as well as to deduce the generalizations that traces do not count as interveners for relativized minimality effects and that traces void islandhood. The fact that the rescue-by-PF-deletion analysis makes it possible to unify a number of previously unrelated phenomena should be taken as a strong argument in its favor. The current extension of the rescue-by-PF-deletion approach, on which the rescue can arise not only through the deletion process involved in ellipsis but also through regular copy deletion, also accounts for the different behavior of the Superiority Condition and the Wh-Island Condition with respect to the amelioration ef...
Ground Delay Program Planning Using Markov Decision Processes

This paper compares three approaches for selecting planned airport acceptance rates in the single-airport ground-holding problem: the Ball et al. model, the Richetta–Odoni dynamic model, and an approach based on approximate dynamic programming. Selecting planned airport acceptance rates is motivated by current practice of ground delay program planning under collaborative decision making. The approaches were evaluated using real flight schedules and landing capacity data from Newark Liberty International and San Francisco International Airports. It is shown that planned airport acceptance rates can be determined from the decision variables of the Richetta–Odoni dynamic model. The approximate dynamic programming solution, introduced by the authors, is found by posing a model that evaluates planned airport acceptance as a Markov decision process. The dynamic Richetta–Odoni and approximate dynamic programming approaches were found to produce similar solutions, and both dominated the Ball et al. model. The Ric...
2014: Club financial performance

Financial results play a very important role in the club industry. Percentages and numbers are the representative indicators of the financial performance of any company. In clubs, these numbers denote to management and members the financial strength and viability of their clubs. This study surveyed clubs regarding their financial performance in 2014, reporting averages for demographic data and medians for financial data. The results of the top performers (fifth or top quintile) and the bottom performers (first or lowest quintile) were compared. In 2014, the median profit margin was at 1.65% with the top quintile reporting at 17.43% and the lower quintile at a loss of -10.08%.
Response to Comment on “Mutation rate and genotype variation of Ebola virus from Mali case sequences”

Rambaut et al . show that the erratum to our report on Ebola virus Makona evolution not only corrected sample dates modified by others in GenBank but also corrected an additional transcriptional error in our original analysis. We agree with their observation that both factors contributed to our revised evolutionary rate estimate but continue to stand by our revised estimate and conclusions.
Genetic risk score and risk of stage 3 chronic kidney disease

We developed a genetic risk score (GRS) and examined whether the GRS may predict incident stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) independent of common clinical risk factors. The present study included 2,698 individuals who attended the 15th (1977 to 1979) and the 24th exams (1995 to 1998) in the Framingham Original cohort or the 6th (1995 to 1998) and the 8th exams (2005 to 2008) in the Framingham Offspring cohort. A weighted GRS was constructed combining 53 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with lower creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Stage 3 CKD was defined as eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, and incident cases were identified at follow-up after excluding prevalent cases at baseline. A total of 292 incident cases and 2,406 non-cases were identified over, on average, 11 years of follow-up. After adjustment for sex, age, cohort, baseline eGFR, hypertension, diabetes, and dipstick proteinuria, the odds ratio of incident stage 3 CKD was 1.37 (95%CI: 1.02–1.83) per 10 alleles of the GRS (P = 0.04). There was no statistically significant difference between the C-statistic without and with inclusion of the GRS (0.783 and 0.785, respectively; P = 0.39). A GRS developed based on 53 SNPs associated with reduced eGFR was prospectively associated with incident stage 3 CKD. However, this score did not substantially improve discrimination of stage 3 CKD beyond the common clinical risk factors.
Female Urethral Reconstructive Surgery

Female urethral reconstruction is an uncommonly performed surgery to repair female urethral strictures, diverticulum, and fistulas. Because of the rarity of these operations, complications have not been well described in the literature. Complications can be categorized as intraoperative and postoperative. Postoperative can be further divided into general complications common to all pelvic surgery, which will not be discussed here, and those that are specific to urethral reconstruction. Those complications include: (1) early or late postoperative wound complications from the graft or flap harvest site, (2) stricture or fistula recurrence, (3) de novo postoperative incontinence, (4) de novo or recurrent urethral obstruction, and (5) de novo detrusor overactivity.
Improving survivors' outcomes in cancer survivorship clinics.

93Background: A core measure of the ASCO Quality Oncology Practice Initiative and Commission on Cancer Program Standard is adherence to use of written treatment summaries (TSs) and care plans (CPs)...
Inclusive Neutrino Scattering Off the Deuteron at Low Energies in Chiral Effective Field Theory

Cross sections for inclusive neutrino scattering off the deuteron induced by neutral and charge-changing weak currents are calculated from threshold up to 150 MeV energies in a chiral effective field theory including high orders in the power counting. Contributions beyond leading order (LO) in the weak current are found to be small, and increase the cross sections obtained with the LO transition operators by a couple of percent over the whole energy range 0--150 MeV. The cutoff dependence is negligible, and the predicted cross sections are within $\ensuremath{\sim}2%$ of, albeit consistently larger than, corresponding predictions obtained in conventional meson-exchange frameworks.
An update on diagnosing STIs and HIV

We can do a better job of screening and testing sexually active teens and young adults for STIs. Keeping up with the latest evidence can help you decide when to test, whom to test, and which of a wide array of office- and lab-based tests to choose.
Improving Predictions for Tree Ensembles using Distributions of Estimated Probabilities with Applications in Record Linkage

A random forest is an ensemble of classification trees built using randomized subsets of the covariates and bootstrap samples of the observations at each split in each of the $T$ trees in the ensemble. In a two-class problem, random forests aggregate the predictions of each underlying tree using a ``majority vote" scheme, assigning the class with the majority vote amongst the underlying trees as the predicted class of the random forest. Predicted/estimated probabilities for a given class are obtained by finding the proportion of trees that voted for that class. However, much information is discarded in this process, including the individual predicted probabilities from each of the $T$ underlying trees, which we show to often have multimodal or heavily skewed distributions. A new prediction approach is introduced that extracts and incorporates information from these distributions of tree probabilities for the two-class problem. A second classifier is trained, modeling the binary outcome given summary statistics from the distribution of tree probabilities. This approach is assessed on a large, labeled record linkage dataset of death records from the Syrian Civil War conflict.
Separated Flow Response to Rapid Flap Deflection

The transient response of a massively separated flow over an airfoil to rapid flap actuation is presented. A NACA 0006 airfoil is oriented at a fixed incidence of 20 deg for a Reynolds number of Re...
Likelihood Orders for the $p$-Cycle Walks on the Symmetric Group

Consider for a random walk on a group, the order from most to least likely element of the walk at each step, called the likelihood order. Up to periodicity issues, this order stabilizes after a sufficient number of steps. Here discrete Fourier analysis and the representations of the symmetric group, particularly formulas for the characters, are used to find the order after sufficient time for the random walks on the symmetric group generated by $p$-cycles for any $p$ fixed, $n$ sufficiently large. For the transposition walk, generated by all the $2$-cycles, at various levels of laziness, it is shown that order $n^2$ steps suffice for the order to stabilize. Likelihood orders can aid in finding the total variation or separation distance mixing times.
Trophoblast differentiation, invasion and hormone secretion in a three-dimensional in vitro implantation model with rhesus monkey embryos

The initiation of primate embryo invasion into the endometrium and the formation of the placenta from trophoblasts, fetal mesenchyme, and vascular components are essential for the establishment of a successful pregnancy. The mechanisms which direct morphogenesis of the chorionic villi, and the interactions between trophectoderm-derived trophoblasts and the fetal mesenchyme to direct these processes during placentation are not well understood due to a dearth of systems to examine and manipulate real-time primate implantation. Here we describe an in vitro three-dimensional (3-D) model to study implantation which utilized IVF-generated rhesus monkey embryos cultured in a Matrigel explant system. Blastocyst stage embryos were embedded in a 3-D microenvironment of a Matrigel carrier and co-cultured with a feeder layer of cells generating conditioned medium. Throughout the course of embryo co-culture embryo growth and secretions were monitored. Embedded embryos were then sectioned and stained for markers of trophoblast function and differentiation. Signs of implantation were observed including enlargement of the embryo mass, and invasion and proliferation of trophoblast outgrowths. Expression of chorionic gonadotropin defined by immunohistochemical staining, and secretion of chorionic gonadotropin and progesterone coincident with the appearance of trophoblast outgrowths, supported the conclusion that a trophoblast cell lineage formed from implanted embryos. Positive staining for selected markers including Ki67, MHC class I, NeuN, CD31, vonWillebrand Factor and Vimentin, suggest growth and differentiation of the embryo following embedding. This 3-D in vitro system will facilitate further study of primate embryo biology, with potential to provide a platform for study of genes related to implantation defects and trophoblast differentiation.