cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prolonged infusion of ornithine plus dopamine in the treatment of the hepatorenal syndrome: a breakthrough?

The Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is the most lethal and unforgiving complication of cirrhosis (1). It was also one of the last unsolved major pathogenetic puzzles in hepatology until the landmark peripheral arterial vasodilation hypothesis was proposed by Schrier and his self-appointed committee of middle-aged experts (2). The HRS is characterized by great reductions in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration and progressive increases in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations. Furthermore, the HRS exists at two levels of severity: Type 1, the more severe form, is defined as a serum creatinine concentration more than twice the upper limit of normal (>2 mg/dl) and a decrease in creatinine clearance to 1.5 mg/dl and a creatinine clearance of 40 ml/min. What is most remarkable about their program is not the therapeutic protocol per se, but its conceptual simplicity and the objective trial-and-error method by which the optimal dosage was determined. They reason that if the primary problem was caused by vasodilation, the solution of the problem should be achieved by administering the proper vasoconstrictive drugs in the proper dosage. They perform these investigations in seven patients with severe Type 1 HRS (mean creatinine clearance of 15 ± 1 ml/min and urinary sodium excretion of 7 ± 1 mEq every 24 hr).
A slow transient potassium current expressed in a subset of neurosecretory neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.

Type I putative magnocellular neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) express a prominent transient outward rectification generated by an A-type potassium current. De...
Learning with Imprecise Classes, Rare Instances, and Complex Relationships

In applications including chemoinformatics, bioinfor- matics, information retrieval, text classification, com- puter vision and others, a variety of common issues have been identified involving frequency of occurrence, variation and similarities of instances, and lack of pre- cise class labels. These issues continue to be important hurdles in machine intelligence and my doctoral thesis focuses on developing robust machine learning models that address the same.
Digitalisierung der Industrie vom AUTOmobil zum AutoMOBIL

Vier Marktkrafte sind es, die sich aus unterschiedlichen Richtungen und mit verschiedenen Geschaftskompetenzen allmahlich zu einer Mobilitatsindustrie entwickeln. Neben den Fahrzeugherstellern sind das die Technologie- und Elektronikunternehmen, die offentlichen Verkehrsunternehmen und die Mobilitatsdienstleister. Aber auch mit Einflussen von anderen Seiten ist zu rechnen: von politischen Regulierungen uber sich wandelnde gesellschaftliche Vorstellungen von Mobilitat bis hin zu wirtschaftlichen Unwagbarkeiten. Was bedeutet das fur die Automobilindustrie? In welcher Weise kann ihre Unternehmensarchitektur so angepasst werden, dass sie bestmoglich dafur gerustet ist? Kapitel 4 entwirft eine Antwort.
Maintenance of virtual metrology models

Virtual metrology (VM) predicts on-wafer properties, such as thickness and uniformity, using equipment data (e.g., sensors, constants) and potentially on-wafer properties or predictions from previous steps. While much literature is devoted to developing VM models, maintaining them (e.g., so they can be used for months in production) presents a different set of challenges. Behavior of equipment can change over time, causing degradation of VM models. Maintenance events can abruptly reset sensors and process conditions, invalidating VM models. In addition, sensor noise, sensor imperfection and aging parts can disturb performance of VM models. While some of these issues can be addressed during modeling by incorporating certain variables that capture the dynamics associated with these issues, others are harder to foresee. Resolving these issues may require tuning the models as they age or manually rebuilding the models after they become ineffective. To mitigate these problems, techniques including monitoring residual error and tool degradation, compensating for sensor reset and residual error, and auto-retraining models can significantly help VM models maintain their performance during deployment.
The effects of Symbiodinium (Pyrrhophyta) identity on growth, survivorship, and thermal tolerance of newly settled coral recruits.

For many coral species, the obligate association with phylogenetically diverse algal endosymbiont species is dynamic in time and space. Here, we used controlled laboratory inoculations of newly settled, aposymbiotic corals (Orbicella faveolata) with two cultured species of algal symbiont (Symbiodinium microadriaticum and S. minutum) to examine the role of symbiont identity on growth, survivorship, and thermal tolerance of the coral holobiont. We evaluated these data in the context of Symbiodinium photophysiology for 9 months post-settlement and also during a 5-d period of elevated temperatures Our data show that recruits that were inoculated with S. minutum grew significantly slower than those inoculated with S. microadriaticum (occasionally co-occurring with S. minutum), but that there was no difference in survivorship of O. faveolata polyps infected with Symbiodinium. However, photophysiological metrics (∆Fv/F'm, the efficiency with which available light is used to drive photosynthesis and α, the maximum light utilization coefficient) were higher in those slower growing recruits containing S. minutum. These findings suggest that light use (i.e., photophysiology) and carbon acquisition by the coral host (i.e., host growth) are decoupled, but did not distinguish the source of this difference. Neither Symbiodinium treatment demonstrated a significant negative effect of a 5-d exposure to temperatures as high as 32°C under low light conditions similar to those measured at settlement habitats.
A case report of concurrent embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in an adult without identifiable cancer predisposition

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Rhabdomyosarcoma, the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood. makes up less than 1% of solid malignancies in adults with around 400 new cases each year in the United States. They have not previously been reported concurrently. A 37 year old woman presented with painful enlarging leg mass. Biopsy of the mass was consistent with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Staging imaging revealed a PET avid anterior mediastinal lymph node. Excisional biopsy of this mass was consistent with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Hybridization capture-based next-generation DNA sequencing did not reveal shared somatic tumor mutations. Germline analysis did not show identifiable aberrations of TP53 or other heritable cancer susceptibility genes. She was treated with a personalized chemotherapy regimen combining features of R-CHOP and Children’s Oncology Group ARST 0331. This case illustrates a unique clinical entity successfully treated with a personalized chemotherapeutic regimen.
High Elastic Strain Directly Tunes the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Tungsten Carbide

Elastic strain provides a direct means to tune a material’s electronic structure from both computational and experimental vantage points and can thus provide insights into surface reactivity via changes induced by electronic structure shifts. Here we investigate the role of elastic strain on the catalytic activity of tungsten carbide (WC) in the hydrogen evolution reaction. WC makes an interesting material for such investigations as it is an inherently promising catalyst that can sustain larger elastic strains (e.g., −1.4 to 1.4%) than common transition-metal catalysts, such as Pt or Ni (e.g., −0.4 to 0.4%). On the basis of density functional theory calculations, a compressive uniaxial strain is expected to cause weakening of the surface–hydrogen interaction of 10–15 meV per percent strain, while a tensile strain is calculated to strengthen the surface–hydrogen interaction by a similar magnitude. Sabatier analysis suggests that weakening of the surface-hydrogen interaction would enhance catalysis. We prep...
Adult Children's Education and Physiological Dysregulation Among Older Parents.

Objectives Despite growing awareness that children's education benefits the health of older parents, the underlying mechanisms of this relationship are not well-understood. We investigated (a) the associations between children's education and biological functioning of parents, (b) psychosocial and behavioral factors that explain the associations, and (c) gendered patterns in the associations. Methods Using longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of older Taiwanese, we performed mediation analysis of the association between adult children's education and physiological dysregulation of their parents. Results Offspring's schooling is inversely associated with parental inflammation after controlling for parental socioeconomic status and baseline health. Parents who have well-educated children report higher social standing and life satisfaction, experience fewer stressful events, and are more likely to engage in healthy behaviors related to smoking and diet. These factors moderately attenuate the associations between children's education and parental inflammation. There is no conclusive evidence that mothers and fathers benefit differently from having well-educated children. Discussion Parents who devote family and personal resources to their offspring's schooling may have better biological profiles in later life. Well-educated children may promote their parents' wellbeing by strengthening perceived social status, reducing exposure to stressors, and encouraging a healthy lifestyle.
African American Obese Women’s Perspectives Regarding Barriers to the Utilization of Bariatric Surgery: A Phenomenological Study:

The purpose of the study was to explore how obese African American women conceptualize and construct meaning around obesity and bariatric surgery. The authors specifically focused on gaining insigh...
Darwin and Women: A Selection of Letters

In April 1838, the 29-year-old Charles Darwin had returned from his Beagle voyage and was beginning to earn a reputation as a gifted naturalist. But despite his professional success, he remained a ...
Iconoclast: Abraham Flexner and a Life in Learning

(2004). Iconoclast: Abraham Flexner and a Life in Learning. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 75, No. 3, pp. 362-363.
Is lead shielding of patients necessary during fluoroscopic procedures? A study based on kyphoplasty

To determine the benefits, risks, and limitations associated with wrapping a patient with lead shielding during fluoroscopy-guided kyphoplasty procedures as a way to reduce operator radiation exposure. An anthropomorphic phantom was used to mimic a patient undergoing a kyphoplasty procedure under fluoroscopic guidance. Radiation measurements of the air kerma rate (AKR) were made at several locations and under various experimental conditions. First, AKR was measured at various angles along the horizontal plane of the phantom and at varying distances from the phantom, both with and without a lead apron wrapped around the lower portion of the phantom (referred to here as phantom shielding). Second, the effect of an operator’s apron was simulated by suspending a lead apron between the phantom and the measurement device. AKR was measured for the four shielding conditions—phantom shielding only, operator apron only, both phantom shielding and operator apron, and no shielding. Third, AKR measurements were made at various heights and with varying C-arm angle. At all locations, the phantom shielding provided no substantial protection beyond that provided by an operator’s own lead apron. Phantom shielding did not reduce AKR at a height comparable to that of an operator’s head. Previous reports of using patient shielding to reduce operator exposure fail to consider the role of an operator’s own lead apron in radiation protection. For an operator wearing appropriate personal lead apparel, patient shielding provides no substantial reduction in operator dose.
Single-Ion Li+, Na+, and Mg2+ Solid Electrolytes Supported by a Mesoporous Anionic Cu–Azolate Metal–Organic Framework

A novel Cu(II)–azolate metal–organic framework (MOF) with tubular pores undergoes a reversible single crystal to single crystal transition between neutral and anionic phases upon reaction with stoichiometric amounts of halide or pseudohalide salts. The stoichiometric transformation between the two phases allows loading of record amounts of charge-balancing Li+, Na+, and Mg2+ ions for MOFs. Whereas the halide/pseudohalide anions are bound to the metal centers and thus stationary, the cations move freely within the one-dimensional pores, giving rise to single-ion solid electrolytes. The respective Li+-, Na+-, and Mg2+-loaded materials exhibit high ionic conductivity values of 4.4 × 10–5, 1.8 × 10–5, and 8.8 × 10–7 S/cm. With addition of LiBF4, the Li+ conductivity improves to 4.8 × 10–4 S/cm. These are the highest values yet observed for MOF solid electrolytes.
Augmented Lagrangian-based preconditioners for steady buoyancy driven flow

Abstract In this paper, we apply the augmented Lagrangian (AL) approach to steady buoyancy driven flow problems. Two AL preconditioners are developed based on the variable’s order, specifically whether the leading variable is the velocity or the temperature variable. Correspondingly, two non-augmented Lagrangian (NAL) preconditioners are also considered for comparison. An eigenvalue analysis for these two pairs of preconditioners is conducted to predict the rate of convergence for the GMRES solver. The numerical results show that the AL preconditioner pair is insensitive with respect to the mesh size, Rayleigh number, and Prandtl number in terms of GMRES iterations, resulting in a significantly more robust preconditioner pair compared to the NAL pair. Accordingly, the AL pair performs much better than the NAL pair in terms of computational time. For the AL pair, the preconditioner with velocity as the leading variable gives slightly better efficiency than the one with temperature as the leading variable.
Building Out Data Science at Small Colleges: (Abstract Only)

Abstract: Data science is on the rise, being a high-demand skill for a number of employers, both in the tech field and in various scientific disciplines. Since it is a new field, only a handful of schools offer a data science program, most of those being large research institutions. This presents a unique opportunity for smaller schools to combine an exciting and highly relevant topic with the personalized education, small class sizes, and individual attention they are known for. On the flip side, building out data science at small schools also presents numerous challenges, including finding sufficient faculty time and expertise, attracting a sufficient number of students, forging interdepartmental connections, and convincing the administration to approve the new courses and program. In this poster, we present lessons learned from data science efforts at three small institutions, including one which recently successfully developed a data science certificate (containing four new data science courses).
Watershed erosion modeling using the probability of sediment connectivity in a gently rolling system

Abstract Sediment connectivity has been shown in recent years to explain how the watershed configuration controls sediment transport. However, we find no studies develop a watershed erosion modeling framework based on sediment connectivity, and few, if any, studies have quantified sediment connectivity for gently rolling systems. We develop a new predictive sediment connectivity model that relies on the intersecting probabilities for sediment supply, detachment, transport, and buffers to sediment transport, which is integrated in a watershed erosion model framework. The model predicts sediment flux temporally and spatially across a watershed using field reconnaissance results, a high-resolution digital elevation models, a hydrologic model, and shear-based erosion formulae. Model results validate the capability of the model to predict erosion pathways causing sediment connectivity. More notably, disconnectivity dominates the gently rolling watershed across all morphologic levels of the uplands, including, microtopography from low energy undulating surfaces across the landscape, swales and gullies only active in the highest events, karst sinkholes that disconnect drainage areas, and floodplains that de-couple the hillslopes from the stream corridor. Results show that sediment connectivity is predicted for about 2% or more the watershed’s area 37 days of the year, with the remaining days showing very little or no connectivity. Only 12.8 ± 0.7% of the gently rolling watershed shows sediment connectivity on the wettest day of the study year. Results also highlight the importance of urban/suburban sediment pathways in gently rolling watersheds, and dynamic and longitudinal distributions of sediment connectivity might be further investigated in future work. We suggest the method herein provides the modeler with an added tool to account for sediment transport criteria and has the potential to reduce computational costs in watershed erosion modeling.
Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusions in Neostriatal Striosomes and Matrix in Huntington’s Disease

Neuronal intranuclear inclusions have recently been described in the cerebral cortex and neostriatum in Huntington’s disease brain that are demonstrable immunocytochemically with antibodies to N-terminal huntingtin and to ubiquitin. Their distribution by region and by neuron type matches the known vulnerability pattern in Huntington’s disease, and it is thought that the presence of inclusions is a marker for future cell degeneration. We recently described a preferential loss of medium spiny neurons in neostriatal striosomes relative to the matrix, as defined by calbindin immunostaining, in early to middle stages of Huntington’s disease. We now show that ubiquitinated neuronal intranuclear inclusions are present in a greater proportion of the medium spiny neurons of striosomes than in those of the matrix in Huntington’s disease brains (Vonsattel grade 0–3). The proportion in striosomes correlates strongly with age at death, probably a reflection of CAG repeat length, whereas in the matrix the proportion with inclusions correlates with Vonsattel grade. The fmding of a preferential involvement of striosomal medium spiny neurons early in the course of disease is consistent both with the hypothesis of greater vulnerability of striosomal neurons to the pathogenic process in Huntington’s disease, and with the idea that the inclusions are harbingers of cell death.
Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy: a review

In the less than 10 years since the commercial introduction of inductively coupled plasma (ICP) instruments, ICP atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) has developed into one of the most used new analytical tools of the decade. 1 table.
Brief Communication: Mini-Treatment Groups for Children

This brief communication deals with a relatively unknown model of child group treatment involving only two (or occasionally three) homogeneous or heterogeneous youths. Termed “duo therapy” by some, or “peer pair psychotherapy” by others, this method has been successfully employed with children who were unsuitable for the traditional eight-member treatment groups. While in some instances, such mini-groups were used with fearful and withdrawn youngsters, in others, they were found helpful in preparing unduly impulsive ones, for membership in larger groups. This model has also been recommended for short-term diagnostic or reparative interventions in cases of severe sibling rivalry.
The Feasibility of Using Volumetric Phase-Contrast MR Imaging (4D Flow) to Assess for Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Dysfunction.

PURPOSE To demonstrate the feasibility of detecting patency, stenosis, or occlusion of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) with four-dimensional (4D) flow MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sequential adult patients with TIPS were eligible for enrollment. Volumetric phase-contrast sequence was used to image TIPS. Particle tracing cine images were used for qualitative assessment of stenosis. TIPS was segmented to generate quantitative data sets of peak velocity. Segmentation and quantitative measurement of flow throughout an entire TIPS defined technical success. Doppler US was used for comparison. Venography, when available, and 6-month clinical follow-up were used as reference standards. RESULTS 4D flow MR imaging was performed in 23 patient encounters and was technically successful in 16/23 (69.6%) encounters. Three cases demonstrated both focal turbulence and abnormal velocities (> 190 cm/s or < 90 cm/s) on 4D flow and had venography-confirmed stenosis (true-positive cases). Seven cases had normal velocities and no turbulence on 4D flow, and all were confirmed negative with clinical follow-up or venography (true-negative cases). Six cases had discordant 4D flow results, with abnormal velocities but no turbulence or focal turbulence but normal velocities. All 6 discordant cases had no evidence of dysfunction during 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSION 4D flow MR imaging can detect TIPS patency and stenosis, but further investigation is required before it can be used to assess for TIPS dysfunction.
Increasing Engagement of Children Who Are DHH During Parent–Child Storybook Reading:

Children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) are at risk for language and literacy delays, and parent–child book reading can contribute to developing early literacy foundations. Although many par...
Attention bias toward threatening faces in women with PTSD: eye tracking correlates by symptom cluster.

Maladaptive patterns of attention to emotional stimuli are a common feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with growing evidence supporting sustained attention to threatening stimuli acro...
The “Internal Referencing” Structural Instability in an Environment Characterized by Random Variation: The Example of the N.Y.C. Banks in the Crisis of 1857

The outcome of socio-economic decisions made under conditions of uncertainty (or in an environment characterized by random variation) must in general depend on the nature of the models used by decision-makers in reaching their conclusions, and in particular on the quality of the information utilized in their models. Since information is costly to acquire, it will be generally true that most decisions are based upon partial, and sometimes erroneous, information.
On the degrees of freedom of the phase retrieval problem in phase space

Phase-space tomography describes the recovery of signals from a tomographic reconstruction of the generalized radiance distribution with measurements being interpreted as projections of phase space. For coherent signals the phase space of the Wigner distribution function is a highly redundant signal representation. For efficient signal recovery based on phase-space information, it is necessary to address these redundancies. To understand the number of independent measurements necessary for the recovery of the WDF, Talbot self-imaging is used to derive a formalism for discrete phase-space tomography and signal recovery.
Abnormal and Singular Solutions in the Target Guarding Problem with Dynamics

The topic of this paper is a two-player zero-sum differential game known as the target guarding problem. After a brief review of Isaacs’ original problem and solution, a problem with second-order dynamics and acceleration control is considered. It is shown that there are four solution classes satisfying the necessary conditions. The four classes are (i) abnormal and non-singular, (ii) normal and non-singular, (iii) normal and pursuer singular, (iv) normal and evader singular. The normal and totally singular case is ruled out. Closed-form solutions are provided for cases ii–iv. The order of singularity in all cases is infinite. Thus, the problem exhibits many interesting properties: normality, abnormality, non-singularity, infinite-order singularity, and non-uniqueness. A practical example of each class is provided.
Pavement Image Datasets: A New Benchmark Dataset to Classify and Densify Pavement Distresses

Automated pavement distresses detection using road images remains a challenging topic in the computer vision research community. Recent developments in deep learning has led to considerable research activity directed towards improving the efficacy of automated pavement distress identification and rating. Deep learning models require a large ground truth data set, which is often not readily available in the case of pavements. In this study, a labeled dataset approach is introduced as a first step towards a more robust, easy-to-deploy pavement condition assessment system. The technique is termed herein as the Pavement Image Dataset (PID) method. The dataset consists of images captured from two camera views of an identical pavement segment, i.e., a wide-view and a top-down view. The wide-view images were used to classify the distresses and to train the deep learning frameworks, while the top-down view images allowed calculation of distress density, which will be used in future studies aimed at automated pavement rating. For the wide view group dataset, 7,237 images were manually annotated and distresses classified into nine categories. Images were extracted using the Google Application Programming Interface (API), selecting street-view images using a python-based code developed for this project. The new dataset was evaluated using two mainstream deep learning frameworks: You Only Look Once (YOLO v2) and Faster Region Convolution Neural Network (Faster R-CNN). Accuracy scores using the F1 index were found to be 0.84 for YOLOv2 and 0.65 for the Faster R-CNN model runs; both quite acceptable considering the convenience of utilizing Google maps images.
Crystal structure of the C-terminal domain of DENR

The density regulated protein (DENR) forms a stable heterodimer with malignant T-cell-amplified sequence 1 (MCT-1). DENR-MCT-1 heterodimer then participates in regulation of non-canonical translation initiation and ribosomal recycling. The N-terminal domain of DENR interacts with MCT-1 and carries a classical tetrahedral zinc ion-binding site, which is crucial for the dimerization. DENR-MCT-1 binds the small (40S) ribosomal subunit through interactions between MCT-1 and helix h24 of the 18S rRNA, and through interactions between the C-terminal domain of DENR and helix h44 of the 18S rRNA. This later interaction occurs in the vicinity of the P site that is also the binding site for canonical translation initiation factor eIF1, which plays the key role in initiation codon selection and scanning. Sequence homology modeling and a low-resolution crystal structure of the DENR-MCT-1 complex with the human 40S subunit suggests that the C-terminal domain of DENR and eIF1 adopt a similar fold. Here we present the crystal structure of the C-terminal domain of DENR determined at 1.74 A resolution, which confirms its resemblance to eIF1 and advances our understanding of the mechanism by which DENR-MCT-1 regulates non-canonical translation initiation and ribosomal recycling.
Capture-Recapture Methods for the Social and Medical Sciences

Capture-recapture (CR) is the generic name of a family of statistical methods for estimating the size of a finite population based on one or more incomplete samples. Although the first documented a...
Social Network Analysis for Coronavirus (COVID-19) in the United States.

Objectives This study explores how public key players play an important role in social networks for coronavirus (COVID-19). Methods This study employs social network analyses based on 2,864 Twitter users and 2,775 communications of Twitter. Results This study finds that President Trump plays the most important role in social networks among the top 20 key players for both in-degree centrality and content in tweets. Second, Donald Trump and Barak Obama show the opposite result for the in-degree centrality and follower analysis. The result shows that the topic-based networks and the person-based networks play a different role in social networks. This study demonstrates that the presidents, the World Health Organization (WHO) and its regional offices, the Centers for Disease Control, and news channels play a crucial role in the news of COVID-19 for people. Key players, such as Donald Trump, Barack Obama, and BBC, are located in the central networks. In contrast, U.S. news channels and WHO and its regional offices have independent channels. Conclusions Governments should understand the characteristics of public key players to provide information for COVID-19 in a timely manner.
Collegiate Athletes' Perceptions of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment.

Introduction Many published studies have examined the effects of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT), but none has evaluated its role in treating collegiate athletes. The authors examined collegiate athletes' perception of OMT. Methods A cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of 592 collegiate athletes was conducted from two universities in the midwestern United States during August-September 2019. The athletes completed a 12-item survey during pre-participation physical evaluations at their respective institutions. Main outcome measures included pain, need for pain medication, stress and anxiety associated with injuries, and overall satisfaction with the OMT in recovery and return to sports. Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate association between the variables. Results The participation rate was 80.6% (477/592). Slightly fewer than 7% (31/477) of the athletes were familiar with OMT. Eighteen of the 31 athletes (58.1%) had received osteopathic manipulation as part of a treatment plan for injury. Of these athletes, 94.4% (17/18) reported a decreased need for pain medication and 83.3% (15/18) had reduced stress and anxiety related to their injury. One in three of them expressed interest in receiving osteopathic manipulation as a treatment option for an injury. The athletes reported general satisfaction with OMT in their recovery and return to sports. Conclusion The findings demonstrated the interest and benefits of OMT among collegiate athletes. This evidence supported previous findings about perceived efficacy of OMT in treating patients regard-less of injury and diagnosis. Future studies need to establish causal relationship among OMT, stress and anxiety, pain, and use of pain medications.
Towards the Optimal Placement of Containerized Applications on a Cloud-Edge Network

Cloud computing is now a global standard computing topology and has been widely studied for many years. Less frequently researched is the use of cloud and edge computing to optimize the performance of a system as a whole. One important aspect of cloud and edge computing is managing the placement of the applications in the network system so as to minimize each application’s runtime, given the resources of system’s devices and the capabilities of the system’s network. The properties of containerized applications now make this possible. The process of containerization creates a lightweight, mobile, packaged application for each of the algorithms in a system. These applications can then be deployed easily and quickly on any layer of the cloud and edge computing architectures. In this research, a fuzzy placement control system is designed to place applications on the cloud-edge model. As verified by simulation, the fuzzy placement control system proposed reduces the total runtime of the applications by placing applications in an efficient location.
Surgical Timing and Outcomes of Unilateral Versus Bilateral Superior Cavopulmonary Anastomosis: An Analysis of Pediatric Heart Network Public Databases.

Requiring bilateral superior cavopulmonary anastomosis (bSCPA) instead of unilateral superior cavopulmonary anastomosis (uSCPA) could influence surgical timing and outcomes. We compared surgical timing and outcomes for patients who underwent uSCPA to those who underwent bSCPA through use of the Pediatric Heart Network’s public datasets for the Infant Single Ventricle trial and Single Ventricle Reconstruction trial. There was no statistically significant difference in median age at SCPA (158 vs. 150 days, p = 0.68), hospital length of stay (LOS) (7 vs. 7 days, p = 0.74), intensive care unit (ICU) LOS (4 vs. 5 days, p = 0.53), time requiring ventilator support (2 vs. 2 days, p = 0.51), or oxygen saturation at discharge (82 vs. 81%, p = 0.22) between the uSCPA and bSCPA groups, respectively. However, sub-analysis comparing only those who underwent early SCPA, at < 120 days of age, revealed significantly longer hospital LOS (8 vs. 13 days, p = 0.04), ICU LOS (5 vs. 11 days, p = 0.01), and time requiring ventilator support (2 vs. 4 days, p = 0.03) for the early bSCPA group when compared to the early uSCPA group. A multivariable logistic regression revealed bSCPA to be the only significant predictor of prolonged hospital LOS for patients who underwent early SCPA (odds ratio 4.1, 95% CI 1.2–14.2). Overall, there was no difference in surgical timing or outcome measures between uSCPA and bSCPA. However, early bSCPA, performed at < 120 days, had worse outcome measures than early uSCPA. Delaying elective bSCPA until at least 120 days of age could minimize morbidity in infants with bilateral superior venae cavae.
Patient Perceptions on Barriers and Facilitators to Accessing Low-acuity Surgery During COVID-19 Pandemic.

Abstract Background The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic led to the postponement of low-acuity surgical procedures in an effort to conserve resources and ensure patient safety. This study aimed to characterize patient-reported concerns about undergoing surgical procedures during the pandemic. Methods We administered a cross-sectional survey to patients who had their general and plastic surgical procedures postponed at the onset of the pandemic, asking about barriers to accessing surgical care. Questions addressed dependent care, transportation, employment and insurance status, as well as perceptions of and concerns about COVID-19. Mixed methods and inductive thematic analyses were conducted. Results One hundred thirty-five patients were interviewed. We identified the following patient concerns: contracting COVID-19 in the hospital (46%), being alone during hospitalization (40%), facing financial stressors (29%), organizing transportation (28%), experiencing changes to health insurance coverage (25%), and arranging care for dependents (18%). Nonwhite participants were 5 and 2.5 times more likely to have concerns about childcare and transportation, respectively. Perceptions of decreased hospital safety and the consequences of possible COVID-19 infection led to delay in rescheduling. Education about safety measures and communication about scheduling partially mitigated concerns about COVID-19. However, uncertainty about timeline for rescheduling and resolution of the pandemic contributed to ongoing concerns. Conclusions Providing effective surgical care during this unprecedented time requires both awareness of societal shifts impacting surgical patients and system-level change to address new barriers to care. Eliciting patients’ perspectives, adapting processes to address potential barriers, and effectively educating patients about institutional measures to minimize in-hospital transmission of COVID-19 should be integrated into surgical care.
“Like a Wolf Who Fell upon Sheep”: Arab Diaspora and Religion in America, 1880–1930

Historians of migration have extensively studied the economic, social, and political impact of migration and the secular changes amongst diasporic communities, but changes in religious faith, pract...
Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from the Oxidation of Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane at Atmospherically Relevant OH Concentrations

Abstract. Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5, C10H30O5Si5) is measured at ppt levels outdoors and ppb levels indoors. Primarily used in personal care products, its outdoor concentration is correlated to population density. Since understanding the aerosol formation potential of volatile chemical products is critical to understanding particulate matter in urban areas, the secondary organic aerosol yield of D5 was studied under a range of OH concentrations, OH exposures, NOx concentrations, and temperatures. The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yield from the oxidation of D5 is extremely dependent on the OH concentration, and differing measurements of the SOA yield from the literature are resolved in this study. Here, we compare experimental results from environmental chambers and flow tube reactors. Generally, there are high SOA yields (> 68 %) at OH mixing ratios of 5 × 109 molec cm−3. At atmospherically relevant OH concentrations, the SOA yield is largely
Thermodynamic Analysis for Industrial Refrigeration Systems

The vapor compression cycle (VCC) underpins the vast majority of refrigeration systems throughout the world. Most undergraduate thermodynamics courses cover the VCC, albeit in a cursory fashion. This book is designed to offer an in-depth look at the analysis, design and operation of large-scale industrial ammonia-based refrigeration systems. An important feature of this work is a treatment of computer-aided analysis using CoolProp, an open source resource for evaluating thermodynamic properties. CoolProp can be incorporated into a large number of common computational platforms including Microsfot Excel, Python, and Matlab, all of which are covered in this book.
Applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) in Nephrology

Nuclear magnetic resonance techniques (NMR) were developed in the mid-1940’s1,2. Initially the technology was applicable in different branches of chemistry to determine the fine structure of various small molecular weight molecules and to examine the effect of perturbation of ambient media on the structure of these compounds. In spite of the explosive growth of NMR literature, application of NMR technology to physiological issues is relatively new. This has only become possible with development of superconductive magnets, pulse technology with Fourier transformation, and large-bore magnets.
ESTIMATION PROBLEMS IN DATA-TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS

The transfer of information over noisy and dispersive media has traditionally been, and still represents, an important subject of applied estimation and approximation theory. In this paper the specific problems encountered in synchronous data-transmission systems are reviewed. A first set of problems arises in timing-and carrier-phase tracking and in adaptive equalization, where continuous-valued parameters are to be estimated which may change slowly over time. A second set of problems deals with recovering the transmitted information from received noisy signals. It is shown that in the presence of severe signal distortion and/or redundant sequence coding the optimum receiver has to solve a dynamic programming problem.
9,10‐Di­bromo­triptycene

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C20H12Br2, has high rigidity and approximate threefold symmetry, but no crystallographically imposed molecular symmetry.
Non-myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adults with relapsed and refractory mantle cell lymphoma: a single-center analysis in the rituximab era

Non-myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adults with relapsed and refractory mantle cell lymphoma: a single-center analysis in the rituximab era
X-Rays and Activity in Pre-Main Sequence Stars

Low mass pre-main sequence stars are rapidly rotating and fully convective, the perfect recipe for copious magnetic activity and coronal X-ray emission. EINSTEIN observations revealed a large number of serendipitous X-ray sources in regions of star formation — the low mass pre-main sequence naked T Tauri stars. These stars are coeval and cospatial with, and outnumber, the classical T Tauri stars. I summarize the properties of this X-ray discovered population, and the characteristics of stellar activity at young ages.
Bio-imaging Toolkit for Indexing, Searching, Navigation, Discovery and Annotation

Bio-imaging toolkit is an application for biological imaging community that will bring in the latest efforts in indexing, searching, navigation, discovery, analysis and annotation for both biological image and video collections. This paper discusses both metadata-based and content-based representation, indexing, querying, navigation, discovery, and retrieval, as well as video segmentation and image/video annotations. It also discusses image retrieval by texture similarity, shape similarity, color similarity, and spatio-temporal relationships for the bio-imaging database. A highly interactive multimedia information retrieval system has been developed which is based on Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) that relies on the REST based web-service model to create efficient web components. Application designed is a light weight container application that can be deployed easily without any expertise and easy to understand for novice users.
The scientific context and basis of the pharmacologic management of dry eyes.

Dry eye is a condition characterized by symptoms of sandy-gritty irritation and dryness or burning caused by the ocular surface disease that results from any condition or circumstance that decreases tear secretion or increases tear film evaporation, resulting in a loss of water from the tear film sufficient to increase tear film osmolarity. Dry eye is a common condition that has been estimated, based on population-based studies, to affect 7.8%–14% of adults, with the prevalence increasing with age. Women are affected approximately twice as frequently as men [1–3]. The ability to diagnose and treat dry eye has improved dramatically over the last decade as understanding of disease mechanisms and pathology has improved. The ability to screen patients for dry eye before ophthalmic plastics procedures has improved, and the ability to manage and treat dry eye in patients after surgery also has improved.
Optical coherence tomography for cross-sectional imaging of neural activity.

We report a functional optical coherence tomography cross-sectional scanner to detect neural activity using unmyelinated nerves dissected from squid. The nerves, unstained or stained with a voltage-sensitive dye, were imaged in a nerve chamber. Transient phase changes from backscattered light were detected during action potential propagation. The results show that the scanner can provide high spatiotemporal resolution cross-sectional images of neural activity (15 μs/A-line; 0.25 ms/B-scan; ∼8.5×5.5 μm2 in xz). The advantage of this method compared to monitoring a single depth profile z is a dramatic increase in the number of available sites that can be measured in two spatial dimensions xz with lateral scanning; therefore, the study demonstrates that two-dimensional monitoring of small-scale functional activity would also be feasible.
Similarity relationships in the unstable aquatic surface layer

[1] Turbulence mixing in aquatic surface layers controls the exchange of energy, momentum, heat, and mass between the atmosphere and the water beneath it. In many instances, due to a lack of suitable observations, scaling laws from atmospheric surface layers over land have been “borrowed” to model turbulence in oceans and lakes. However, it is unclear to what extent, and under what forcing conditions, atmospheric scaling laws are valid in aquatic surface layers. Here we present unique observations of the vertical structure of two key turbulence parameters, the dissipation of turbulence kinetic energy and the dissipation of temperature fluctuations, when the aquatic surface layer was forced by a combination of wind stirring and heat loss to the atmosphere. The good agreement found with scaling laws in atmospheric surface layers, under similar forcing and stability conditions, provides new evidence linking the structure of turbulence in aquatic and atmospheric surface layers.
Efficacy of Single‐Dose Dexamethasone as Adjuvant Therapy for Acute Pharyngitis

Hypothesis: Pharyngeal inflammatory pain is reduced by a single dose of dexamethasone. Study Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Methods: From August 1998 to July 2000, a total of 118 patients were enrolled. We compared placebo (n = 37), a 10-mg single dose of intramuscular injection of dexamethasone (n = 39), and a 10-mg single dose of oral dexamethasone (n = 42). All patients were given oral antibiotics and had bacterial throat cultures. Results: Complete telephone follow-up 12 hours after treatment was available in 111 patients, and 24-hour follow-up data were available in 116. The change in pain visual analogue scale scores (pretreatment score minus 12-h follow-up score) reported by patients who were given either intramuscular (median score, 4; mean score ± SD, 4.2 ± 2.3) or oral dexamethasone (median score, 3; mean score ± SD, 3.8 ± 2.3) was significantly greater than that of the patients who were given placebo (median score, 2; mean score ± SD, 2.1 ± 2.0) (P <.001and P = .002, respectively). This difference in improvement was also evident when the percentage of change was compared in the three treatment arms at 12-hour and 24-hour follow-up. Patients who were given dexamethasone had the onset of pain relief a median of 4 hours earlier than those who were given oral and intramuscular placebo (P =.029). Statistically significant differences among the three treatment arms were confirmed when a bacterial pathogen was identified (n = 47) but not in a subset that did not have a pathogen identified. Conclusions: Single-dose dexamethasone appears to be a safe, effective, and inexpensive adjunctive treatment for acute pharyngitis in patients 15 years of age and older. Patients treated with intramuscular or oral dexamethasone had significant relief of pain (relative to baseline) compared with patients who were given placebo. Identification of a bacterial pathogen had a significant impact on the response to dexamethasone.
Field-scale prediction of enhanced DNAPL dissolution based on partitioning tracers.

Abstract The equilibrium streamtube model (EST) has demonstrated the ability to accurately predict dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) dissolution in laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. Here the model is applied to predict DNAPL dissolution at a tetrachloroethylene (PCE)-contaminated dry cleaner site, located in Jacksonville, Florida. The EST model is an analytical solution with field-measurable input parameters. Measured data from a field-scale partitioning tracer test were used to parameterize the EST model and the predicted PCE dissolution was compared to measured data from an in-situ ethanol flood. In addition, a simulated partitioning tracer test from a calibrated, three-dimensional, spatially explicit multiphase flow model (UTCHEM) was also used to parameterize the EST analytical solution. The EST ethanol prediction based on both the field partitioning tracer test and the simulation closely matched the total recovery well field ethanol data with Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency E = 0.96 and 0.90, respectively. The EST PCE predictions showed a peak shift to earlier arrival times for models based on either field-measured or simulated partitioning tracer tests, resulting in poorer matches to the field PCE data in both cases. The peak shifts were concluded to be caused by well screen interval differences between the field tracer test and ethanol flood. Both the EST model and UTCHEM were also used to predict PCE aqueous dissolution under natural gradient conditions, which has a much less complex flow pattern than the forced-gradient double five spot used for the ethanol flood. The natural gradient EST predictions based on parameters determined from tracer tests conducted with a complex flow pattern underestimated the UTCHEM-simulated natural gradient total mass removal by 12% after 170 pore volumes of water flushing indicating that some mass was not detected by the tracers likely due to stagnation zones in the flow field. These findings highlight the important influence of well configuration and the associated flow patterns on dissolution.