cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Orlik-Solomon algebras in algebra and topology

This is a survey of Orlik-Solomon algebras of hyperplane arrangements. These algebras first appeared in theorems due to Arnol'd, Brieskorn, and Orlik and Solomon as the cohomology algebras of the complements of complex hyperplane arrangements. Numerous applications of these algebras have subsequently been found. This survey is confined to studying Orlik-Solomon algebras per se and some of their applications to topology and combinatorics. Most of the results are taken from recent papers and preprints, although for the reader's convenience we also include relevant definitions and basic facts from the book Arrangements of hyperplanes by Orlik and Terao. For some of these facts new and more straightforward or shorter proofs are given.
Neutron-scattering studies of the ribosome of Escherichia coli: a provisional map of the locations of proteins S3, S4, S5, S7, S8 and S9 in the 30 S subunit.

Abstract Results of neutron-scattering experiments to determine the distances between seven pairs of proteins within the 30 S ribosomal subunit are presented. These results, combined with earlier data (Engelman et al. , 1975; Moore et al. , 1977) lead to the construction of a three-dimensional map of the positions of the centers of mass of proteins S3, S4, S5, S7, S8 and S9. The properties of this map and its relationship to other information on the structure of the 30 S subunit are discussed.
Affective Disruption From Social Rhythm and Behavioral Approach System (BAS) Sensitivities: A Test of the Integration of the Social Zeitgeber and BAS Theories of Bipolar Disorder

The behavioral approach system (BAS)/reward hypersensitivity theory and the social zeitgeber theory are two biopsychosocial theories of bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs) that may work together to e...
Niter and Gunpowder

On March 15, 1959, John Salling died in Slant, Virginia, his lifelong residence in the far southwestern quarter of the state (Fig. 5.1). Salling claimed that he was born in 1846 and served in the 25th Virginia regiment of the Confederate Army where he was assigned to help dig out the local saltpeter deposits for the manufacture of gunpowder. At age 14 or 15, Salling said, he went to work collecting “peter dirt” in his home area of Scott County for the army’s Niter Corps. He told one reporter that he never wore a service uniform: “There just warn’t enough to go around” [57]. Although niter-rich limestone caverns known to have been active in the war abound in this vicinity, Salling stated that he did not work in the caves. Instead, his unit “…got dirt from the floors of chicken houses, tobacco barns, stables, and under houses” [57]. Toward the end of his long life, he attended many veterans’ meetings where people who saw him invariably were struck by his thick shock of unruly dark hair standing out amid his white-headed comrades. When asked how his hair had stayed that way, he replied it was because he never touched it with water.
The Role of Hair Care Products

At this International Congress, we represent many countries whose citizens collectively spend billions of dollars annually on hair care products. Why this fascination and indulgence in our hair? For apes who are supposed to be naked, humans are the only primates who have developed this obsession with hair or the lack of it. One reason for this is that hair is the only natural feature that can be changed easily and at will. To quote the British journalist, Wendy Cooper, “The fact that hair can be cut and shaped, with a normally guaranteed regrowth to allow for changes of style, has added considerably to its charm for us and has made it not only a conveniently pliable form of sexual adornment and attraction but also an easily controlled variable to denote status, set fashion, or serve as a badge. It has become not only sexually, but also culturally and socially, significant.“
Nondynamical methods to determine parities and to test invariance principles

All following considerations are independent of dynamics. Four simple theorems are proven concerning experiments which can determine intrinsic parities of particles or experiments which can test the validity of invariance under space reflection, time reversal, and (assuming theCPT theorem) charge conjugation. The last two of these invariance principles are discussed only for elastic reactions. It is shown, among other things, that both parity determination and testing of invariance principles are essentially impossible in reactions involving more than four particles, and are possible in four-particle reactions essentially only if some spin information is obtained about all participating particles.
Diffusion archeology for diffusion progression history reconstruction

Diffusion through graphs can be used to model many real-world processes, such as the spread of diseases, social network memes, computer viruses, or water contaminants. Often, a real-world diffusion cannot be directly observed, while it is occurring--perhaps it is not noticed until some time has passed, continuous monitoring is too costly, or privacy concerns limit data access. This leads to the need to reconstruct how the present state of the diffusion came to be from partial diffusion data. Here, we tackle the problem of reconstructing a diffusion history from one or more snapshots of the diffusion state. This ability can be invaluable to learn when certain computer nodes are infected or which people are the initial disease spreaders to control future diffusions. We formulate this problem over discrete-time SEIRS-type diffusion models in terms of maximum likelihood. We design methods that are based on submodularity and a novel Prize Collecting Dominating Set Vertex cover relaxation that can identify likely diffusion steps with some provable performance guarantees. Our methods are the first to be able to reconstruct complete diffusion histories accurately in real and simulated situations. As a special case, they can also identify the initial spreaders better than the existing methods for that problem. Our results for both meme and contaminant diffusion show that the partial diffusion data problem can be overcome with proper modeling and methods, and that hidden temporal characteristics of diffusion can be predicted from limited data.
Reduction of Carbonate Electrolytes and the Formation of Solid-Electrolyte Interface (SEI) in Lithium-Ion Batteries. 2. Radiolytically Induced Polymerization of Ethylene Carbonate

Extensive polymerization of ethylene carbonate (EC) leading to the formation of oligomers with masses up to 1 to 2 kDa in electron beam radiolysis is demonstrated using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. This polymer has a different structure and morphology than the linear chain copolymer of ethylene oxide and EC that is generated in anionic polymerization of intact EC molecules. This radiolytically generated polymer exhibits chain branching and pendant carbonate groups, and it can form a 3D organic network that is additionally cross-linked through lithium ions. Such a morphology is consistent with the occurrence of anionic and radical polymerization that involve the products of recombination and disproportionation of secondary radicals generated in one-electron reduction of EC. Our examination of this chemistry suggests that the same polymer is likely to occur in electrochemical reduction of EC. The formation of this polymeric network qualitatively accounts for some...
Aircraft Concept Design Performance Visualization Using an Energy-Maneuverability Presentation

The aircraft conceptual design process requires the engineer to select the overall vehicle size, aerodynamic configuration, wing loading and thrust loading to meet specific performance requirements. Plotting common steady-state aircraft cruise and loiter performance metrics in “Energy-Maneuverability” format (as a function of Mach number and flight altitude) provides a method to visualize performance and facilitate trade studies. This paper illuminates the utility of this method of data presentation. It depicts a series of “sky map” plots useful to understand steady-state performance. It also presents trade studies of notional aerodynamic performance as a function of changing fundamental configuration design variables: thrust loading, wing loading and vehicle wing configuration. This paper demonstrates how this visualization technique helps the engineer identify parameters that influence both the “best operating” flight conditions and the point performance at specific aircraft flight conditions.
A loving-kindness intervention : boosting compassion for self and others.

WEIBEL, DAVID, T., Ph.D., November 2007, Psychology A Loving-Kindness Intervention: Boosting Compassion for Self and Others (124 pp.) Director of Dissertation: Timothy M. Anderson Loving-kindness meditation is a millennia old tradition for increasing positive emotions such as love, kindness, and compassion. To date the only published lovingkindness intervention focused mainly on pain and psychological symptom variables. Thus, the ability of loving-kindness meditation to boost compassion has not been studied in a controlled scientific study. The current study compared the effects of a four-session loving-kindness intervention to a non-intervention control group on the variables of selfcompassion, compassionate love, and trait anxiety. A repeated measures design (pre, post, two month follow-up) showed an overall time by group interaction, and univariate tests revealed that the loving-kindness group showed greater increases in self-compassion and compassionate love at post-treatment, and a greater increase in self-compassion and a greater decrease in trait anxiety at follow-up. The Discussion highlights the potential for future research into methods of boosting compassionate attitudes and emotions as well as exploring the potential secondary benefits of these attitudes and emotions. Approved: _____________________________________________________________ Timothy M. Anderson Associate Professor of Psychology
Discriminant analysis for predicting dystocia in beef cattle. I. Comparison with regression analysis.

Data from 131 calvings of Chianina crossbred cows (2 to 5 yr old) bred to Chianina bulls were used to compare stepwise multiple regression analysis (RA) and stepwise, two-group discriminant analysis (DA) for predicting dystocia. Variables (21) studied in relation to dystocia included both prebreeding and precalving cow and calf effects. Calving was categorized as either unassisted or assisted without regard to the severity of dystocia. During this study, 30 (22.9%) assisted births occurred. All variables were standardized to a mean of zero and a variance of one before statistical analyses. Models were developed based on precalving variables and with both precalving and postcalving variables with both RA and DA. Average discriminant scores (centroids) were different (P less than .01) between assisted and unassisted cows. Significant precalving DA variables were cow age and precalving pelvic height. This model correctly predicted 26 of 30 (86.7%) of the occurrences of dystocia. Significant precalving RA variables were prebreeding pelvic width and precalving pelvic height. The amount of variation accounted for by these two factors was 31.5%. Calf birth weight, calf chest depth, calf height, precalving pelvic area, cow age and precalving cow weight were selected by DA for use in the combined precalving and postcalving prediction model. Calf birth weight was 58% more important than either pelvic size or cow age. Percentage correctly classified with this model was 87.4. Significant postcalving variables selected by RA in order of importance were prebreeding pelvic width, calf birth weight and calf shoulder width (R2 = .399).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Interconfigurational and Charge Transfer Transitions

In charge transfer transitions, an electron is removed from the donor atom and goes to an acceptor. The wavefunctions of the hole left on the donor and the electron on the acceptor may overlap, but in many cases the overlap is small enough so that it is a good approximation to say that an electron has actually been transferred from one atom to another. This circumstance leads to the possibility of relating ionization potentials and electron affinities of atoms to processes occurring in the solid or liquid state.
Restructuring wireless systems using phy layer information

Wireless and mobile systems play an increasingly important role in our lives. Fueled by an array of innovative services and applications, mobile data traffic is surging rapidly. Traditionally, wireless traffic growth is met by acquiring new spectrum. However, wireless spectrum demand is soon going to surpass it's availability. Thus, there is an urgent need for major innovations in wireless network architecture, so that our spectrum utilization can achieve its full potential. Motivated by this problem, we explore an alternative design of physical layer aware wireless systems. Typical approaches towards improving wireless performance is confined within the physical (PHY) or link layers of the networking stack, providing only partial solutions. In this thesis, we advocate to consider the entire network architecture holistically. We show how rich PHY layer information can be utilized to address existing challenges in wireless networking – contention resolution, rate control, interference management, etc. We design, implement, and experimentally evaluate protocols to understand network-wide implications of PHY-aware systems. We also pursue the observation that PHY layer not only encode bits but also contain rich information about the ambience, and hence can be viewed as a sensor. This sensing information can be further coupled with other phone sensors, thereby benefitting pervasive mobile services and applications. We demonstrate how this synergy can contribute towards designing precise indoor localization systems, an important building block for next generation mobile applications.
Lateralizing Signs in Partial Epilepsy

Lateralizing signs (LSs) in 100 children of 12 or <12 years of age with localizationrelated epilepsy were studied while undergoing presurgical evaluation at the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Bielefeld, Germany.
Understanding the role of violence as a social determinant of preterm birth.

Background Preterm birth is one of the leading causes of infant morbidity and mortality. Although major strides have been made in identifying risk factors for preterm birth, the complexities between social and individual risk factors are not well understood. Objective This study examines the association between neighborhood youth violence and preterm birth. Study Design A 10-year live birth registry data set (2004 through 2013) from Richmond, VA, a mid-sized, racially diverse city, was analyzed (N = 27,519). Data were geocoded and merged with census tract and police report data. Gestational age at birth was classified as Results Nearly a fifth of all births occurred in areas with the highest quartiles of violence. After adjusting for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, paternal presence, parity, adequacy of prenatal care, pregnancy complications, history of preterm birth, insurance, and tobacco, alcohol, and drug use, census tracts with the highest level of violence had 38% higher odds of very preterm births (adjusted odds ratio, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.80), than census tracts with the lowest level of violence. Conclusion There is an association between high rate of youth violence and very preterm birth. Findings from this study may help inform future research to develop targeted interventions aimed at reducing community violence and very preterm birth in vulnerable populations.
The effects of antenna directivity on path loss and multipath propagation in UWB indoor wireless channels

The effects of antenna directivity on path loss and multipath propagation in the ultra-wideband (UWB) indoor channel are analyzed for different transmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx) antenna combinations in the 2 GHz to 6 GHz frequency band. A statistical model of the path loss in the channel is presented, where the parameters in the model (i.e., path loss exponent and shadow fading statistics) are dependent on the particular Tx/Rx antenna combination. Time domain statistics of the channel (i.e., mean delay spread and RMS delay spread) are analyzed thoroughly for each antenna combination. There is a significant reduction in RMS delay spread when directional antennas are used at the transmitter and receiver as opposed to using omni-directional antennas. Results show that directional antennas can be used as an effective way of mitigating the effects of multipath propagation in UWB indoor channels.
Energy-Modelled Climb and Climb-Dash — The Kaiser Techniques

Abstract F. Kaiser's germinal 1944 report on his “resultant-height” concept, now known as energy modelling, is reviewed. The data base for the Me. 262 jet fighter is recreated via spline-lattice representation of specific excess power. Minimum-time and “distance” climb trajectories are generated in an attempt to check Kaiser's results. Agreement is good for the minimum-time calculations but only qualitative agreement is obtained for the my sterious “distance climbs,” whose documentation is fragmentary. The character of optimal climb-dash trajectories in energy approximation is examined and illustrated.
Rapid isolation of functionally intact nuclei from the yeast Saccharomyces

Most available methods for nuclear isolation entail lengthy procedures that are difficult to master and generally emphasize yield and enrichment over nuclear preservation, thus limiting their utility for further studies. Here we demonstrate a novel and robust method to rapidly isolate well-preserved yeast nuclei. The method can be easily adapted to multiple preparation scales depending on experimental need and it can readily be performed on multiple samples by a single researcher in one day. We show that the nuclei fraction is strongly enriched and that the resulting nuclei are free from contaminating endoplasmic reticulum and other cell debris. EM studies show that preservation of nuclear morphology is exquisite, making it possible to study peripheral nuclear pore components such as the cytoplasmic filaments and the basket, whose structure is generally difficult to maintain ex vivo. In addition, incubation of isolated nuclei with bulk transport substrates of different sizes and with import cargo indicates that the nuclear envelope is intact and nuclear pores retain their capacity to bind transport substrates. Our results suggest that this preparation procedure will greatly facilitate studies of the yeast nucleus which have been difficult to establish and to multiplex to date.
Unbelievable: Neural Correlate of the Feedback Negativity in the Anterior Cingulate

The feedback- or error-related negativity (FN) has been extensively documented in frontal EEG recordings in human participants. In this issue of Neuron, Hyman et al. (2017) have documented a single-cell correlate of the FN in the ACC of rodents.
Families in War and Peace: Chile from Colony to Nation by Sarah C. Chambers

Chambers, Sarah C. Families in War and Peace: Chile from Colony to Nation . Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2015. Review by Courtney Merz.
State of the Field and Future Prospects

Biofuel production has the potential to have a great and lasting impact on the society and is a focal point of biological and metabolic engineering research. There have been great advances in the ability to engineer biological systems, and it can be seen that there lies many possibilities to expand the use of biology in producing a variety of chemicals, not just biofuels.
Psychological Explanation and Causal Deviancy

Etude de l'argument developpe par D. Davidson dans le sens d'une interpretation causale de l'explication psychologique. Distinguant les explications de la croyance et du desir, d'une part, des explications teleologiques utilisant les concepts d'intention et finalite, d'autre part, l'A. presente la these causale, l'argument principal et l'interpretation courante de la position de Davidson qui s'appuie sur la these de l'adequation et repond a l'analyse causale de l'action intentionnelle par des exemples de deviation causale
The Advanced Architecture of the Cell

This chapter will introduce you with the detailed cell construction: elements, molecules, forces and bonds between them, macromolecules and their functions in the cells as well as movable, working molecules that are maintaining cell energetic level, being capable of performing specific functions. This entire book is giving you the overall picture of organ-tissue functions starting from the skin (integumentary system) that wraps the body as the organ which is separating the body toward external environment as well as the internal organs the functions of which are interrelated. In order to understand it, it is necessary to understand how the nature has designed the construction of the cell, or what does cellular architecture look like?
Overview of the ITER Project

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). The main objective of ITER is to demonstrate the scientific and technological feasibility of fusion energy for peaceful purposes. ITER would achieve this by demonstrating controlled ignition and extended fusion burn, in inductive pulses with a flat-top duration of approximately 1000 s and an average neutron wall loading of about 1 MW/m 2. An important assumption underlying the detailed technical objectives is that there is an adequate supply of tritium from external sources of around 2-3 kg/year throughout operation. ITER is a necessary and inevitable step towards the use of controlled thermonuclear fusion power. ITER, remains to be an experimental device, produces 1500 MW power output, which is at a power reactor size. The design as a whole offers high confidence of meeting the technical and programmatic objectives. The technological needs and challenges for ITER are well characterized and rely on established approaches. Focused R&D programs are in place to apply the relevant technologies to ITER's specific needs, including, in particular, manufacturing demonstration and testing, and remote handling of key components. ITER can be the only possible through international collaboration and it represents a technical challenge which is being met by the international fusion community.
The percentage of dense red cells does not predict incidence of sickle cell painful crisis

chronic end organ damage, degree of anemia, or, ultimately, in life expectancy. These varied components of severity may be under different pathophysiological controls, and variation might result from environmental or epistatic gene effects.2 Sickling has been shown to be modifled by cellular HbF content,3 by the presence of f3-thalassemia,4 and by the mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC).5 The presence ofa-thalassemia has been shown to affect the deformability of homozygous sickle cell anemia (SS) cells and the percentage of dense cells,6’7 and more recently cation content and transport.8 In this paper, we will consider the impact of one aspect of the hematologic heterogeneity, the percentage of dense red cells, on the frequency of sickle cell painfulcrisis. The dense cell fraction contains the largest proportion of irreversibly sickled cells and has been shown to be the most rheologically incompetent.9 If these qualities of sickle cells are the major determinants of sickle cell painful crisis, as postulated by others,’#{176}the percent of dense cells should be correlated with the incidence of these episodes. The data presented here do not find that correlation, suggesting that microcirculatory and other physiologic events mustbe powerful modulators in the incidence of sickle
Micropools of reliable area MT neurons explain rapid motion detection.

Computational and psychophysical models suggest that performance in many perceptual tasks may be based on the preferential sampling of reliable neurons. Recent studies of MT neurons during rapid mo...
Logics and Logistics for Future Research: Appropriately Interpreting the Emotional Landscape of Multicultural Negotiation

To invigorate future teaching and research, this article discusses theoretical approaches and empirical opportunities to better understand emotional dynamics in negotiation settings across cultural contexts. We adopt a culturally informed logic of appropriateness (Kopelman, 2009) to shed light on emerging and underexplored topics in this domain. The goal of this article is to inspire scholars worldwide to engage in rigorous empirical investigations of the antecedents, consequences, mechanisms, boundary conditions, and evidence‐based strategies in the combined domain of negotiation, culture, and emotion through research, teaching, and practice.
Posttraumatic Growth in the 2010 Haitian Earthquake Survivors and Its Relationship With Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Three Years After the Earthquake

AbstractPosttraumatic growth (PTG) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were examined for a sample of 256 Haitians after they were exposed to the 2010 earthquake. Participants complete...
Aggression in the Dreams of Blind Women.

Compared a group of visually handicapped adult females and normally sighted college females for nature of aggressive content in nocturnal dreams. The visually handicapped group was comprised of ind...
Is direct acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis c viral infection associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma before or after liver transplantation

Direct acting antiviral (DAA) therapy revolutionized the curative therapy for >90% of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients. Initially, in late 2016, concerns were raised by several European centers that DAA therapy may be increasing the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence or de novo HCC ( Table 1 ). Singal et al . (1) compared the frequency of HCC recurrence in patients who received DAA therapy for HCV versus patients who did not receive DAA, among patients with HCV positive patients associated HCC, cured with complete response by various modalities [resection, trans arterial chemo embolization (TACE), local ablation, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) or other methods].
Follow-Up After IUD Insertions: Managing IUD Expectations, Addressing Side Effects, and Providing Post-Insertion Counseling

While routine visits after intrauterine device (IUD) insertion are not recommended for adolescents and young adults by evidence-based guidelines, they can present valuable opportunities to answer patient questions, review method-specific information, and offer routine reproductive health care. It is important for providers to be aware of the range of bleeding and cramping that happens after IUD placement, both by timing and type of device. This knowledge helps clinicians provide reassurance, as well as understand the treatment options available for those whose symptoms are bothersome. Understanding additional IUD-related symptoms and how to provide counseling in a patient-centered manner can help to maintain the ongoing patient-clinician relationship and improve method satisfaction. This chapter will review the rationale for scheduled versus problem-based visits after IUD insertion, describe the common and less common patient concerns after IUD insertion, and provide information to help clinicians manage IUD concerns. Lastly, we will discuss how to integrate a reproductive justice framework into discussions around IUD removal.
The Impact of Imatinib on Survival and Treatment Trends for Small Bowel and Colorectal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

The aim of this study is to assess treatment trends and overall survival (OS) in small bowel (SB) and colorectal (CR) gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) with respect to the introduction of imatinib in 2008. Patients diagnosed with SB and CR GIST were identified from the National Cancer Database (2004–2015). The primary outcome was 5- and 10-year OS. Patients were stratified by tumor site, time period (before and after imatinib), and treatment type. OS was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards models. A total of 8441 cases were included (SB 81.66%; CR 18.34%). Radical resection was the most common treatment (SB 42.33%; CR 38.69%). The addition of chemotherapy to radical resection for SB GIST increased between the two time periods (31.76 to 40.43%; p < 0.001), and was associated with improved unadjusted and adjusted OS (2009–2015: adjusted HR [AHR] 0.73, 95% CI 0.59–0.89, p = 0.002). Patients with SB GIST had better 5- and 10-year OS compared with CR (SB 69.83% and 47.68%; CR 61.33% and 45.39%; p < 0.001), even after stratifying by treatment type and tumor size and adjusting for other factors (SB 5-year AHR 1.35, 95% CI 1.19–1.53; 10-year AHR 1.23, 95% CI 1.09–1.38; each p < 0.001). CR GIST are associated with lower OS than SB GIST. Radical resection is the most common treatment type for both sites. Chemotherapy with radical resection offers better OS in SB GIST, but not in CR GIST. Further studies are needed to assess the biology of CR GIST to explain the worse OS.
Development of a microporous annealed particle hydrogel for long‐term vocal fold augmentation

Objectives/hypothesis The purpose of this study was to develop and provide evidence of a novel permanent injectable biomaterial for vocal fold augmentation with the potential to treat glottic incompetence by evaluating its performance in two animal models. Study design Animal model. Methods Microporous annealed particle (MAP) hydrogel was fabricated using a water-in-oil emulsion method and synthetically tuned to match the stiffness modulus of native vocalis muscle. Thirty-two New Zealand White rabbits were administered unilateral injections of MAP (n = 16), saline (n = 8), and the clinical standard hyaluronic acid (Restylane-L) (n = 8), and evaluated at day 0, and 6-week, 4-month, and 6-month endpoints. Induced vocal fold vibration was recorded with a high-speed camera prior to euthanization, with glottic closure and mucosal wave characteristics assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively by an experienced voice clinician. Histologic analysis was performed to assess scaffold permanence, immunogenicity, and vascularization within the scaffold. Results Histologic analysis confirmed the MAP gel treatment group maintained its volume without migration for 6 months postimplantation. Immune staining showed minimal to nonexistent immunogenicity over the course of the implant lifetime. Extensive tissue integration and vascularization was observed histologically within the MAP gel group by immunofluorescence staining. Mucosal wave was not impaired by any of the injected materials, including the MAP gel augmentation. Conclusions MAP gel is a nonresorbable biostimulatory injectable implant that provides superior tissue integration, stiffness matching, and permanence compared to current injectable implants, with retained biomechanical function, suggesting its potential as a new therapeutic for glottic incompetence. Level of evidence NA Laryngoscope, 130:2432-2441, 2020.
Discovery of 318 new risk loci for type 2 diabetes and related vascular outcomes among 1.4 million participants in a multi-ancestry meta-analysis

We investigated type 2 diabetes (T2D) genetic susceptibility via multi-ancestry meta-analysis of 228,499 cases and 1,178,783 controls in the Million Veteran Program (MVP), DIAMANTE, Biobank Japan and other studies. We report 568 associations, including 286 autosomal, 7 X-chromosomal and 25 identified in ancestry-specific analyses that were previously unreported. Transcriptome-wide association analysis detected 3,568 T2D associations with genetically predicted gene expression in 687 novel genes; of these, 54 are known to interact with FDA-approved drugs. A polygenic risk score (PRS) was strongly associated with increased risk of T2D-related retinopathy and modestly associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), peripheral artery disease (PAD) and neuropathy. We investigated the genetic etiology of T2D-related vascular outcomes in the MVP and observed statistical SNP-T2D interactions at 13 variants, including coronary heart disease (CHD), CKD, PAD and neuropathy. These findings may help to identify potential therapeutic targets for T2D and genomic pathways that link T2D to vascular outcomes.
Development and initial validation of the Exercise Sensitivity Questionnaire

Abstract Background Aerobic exercise is essential for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease and is a critical component of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). However, anxiety and avoidance of aerobic exercise is common in those with cardiac risk and disease as a result of heightened sensitivity to exercise sensations due to deconditioning or similarity in the physical sensations of exercise to health issues (e.g., shortness of breath, chest tightness, dizziness, fatigue, pain). Purpose To develop and evaluate the initial psychometric properties of an instrument that measures exercise sensitivity (i.e., fear of aerobic exercise sensations), for use in individuals with elevated cardiovascular risk or with qualifying conditions for CR. Method A large item pool was generated from existing measures of interoceptive sensitivity and evaluated for relevance to aerobic exercise by an initial sample of patients attending outpatient CR. Potential scale items, along with a set of validating questionnaires, were then administered through an online survey to adults (N = 252) with either a self-reported history of qualifying CR conditions or at least two cardiovascular risk factors. An exploratory factor analysis was used for item reduction and final item selection. Reliability and validity of the final scale items were examined in the online sample in addition to a clinical sample of patients attending CR (N = 50). Results The exploratory factor analysis resulted in an 18-item scale, the Exercise Sensitivity Questionnaire (ESQ), which produced two factors characterized by anxiety about cardiopulmonary sensations and pain/weakness sensations during exercise. The ESQ and factor scores evidenced internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, in addition to predictive validity in relation to exercise participation. Conclusions The findings suggest that the ESQ is a reliable, valid measure of exercise sensitivity that may be useful for clinical use and research in CR or for those with cardiovascular risk.
High-Speed Evanescently-Coupled Waveguide Type-II MUTC Photodiodes for Zero-Bias Operation

We demonstrate evanescently-coupled GaAs0.5Sb0.5/In0.53AlyGa0.47-yAs modified uni-traveling carrier (MUTC) waveguide photodiodes (PDs) with high bandwidth (BW) of 66 GHz at zero bias and over 100 GHz bandwidth under low bias condition. An InxAlyGa1-x-yAs dual-integrated waveguide-drift layer which can facilitate efficient light coupling from the waveguide into the absorber over a short length is utilized. A 7-μm long waveguide PD has an internal responsivity of 0.48 A/W at 1550 nm and clearly open eye diagrams at 40 Gb/s are demonstrated at zero bias.
UQpy: A general purpose Python package and development environment for uncertainty quantification

Abstract This paper presents the UQpy software toolbox, an open-source Python package for general uncertainty quantification (UQ) in mathematical and physical systems. The software serves as both a user-ready toolbox that includes many of the latest methods for UQ in computational modeling and a convenient development environment for Python programmers advancing the field of UQ. The paper presents an introduction to the software's architecture and existing capabilities, divided in the code in a set of modules centered around different UQ tasks such as sampling methods, generation of random processes and random fields, probabilistic inverse modeling, reliability analysis, surrogate modeling, and active learning. The paper also highlights the importance of the RunModel module, which is used to drive simulations in the uncertainty analyses performed in UQpy . This module conveniently allows the user to define computational models directly in Python, or to run simulations from a third-party software in serial or in parallel. To illustrate the various capabilities, two examples are tracked throughout the paper and analyzed repeatedly for various UQ tasks. The first is a Python model solving a nonlinear structural dynamics problem, used to illustrate UQpy 's capabilities in sampling and forward propagation of high dimensional random vectors (stochastic processes), and probabilistic inference. The second model is a third-party Abaqus finite element model solving the thermomechanical response of a beam structure. This example is used to illustrate UQpy 's capabilities in variance reduction sampling techniques, reliability analysis, surrogate modeling and active learning techniques.
Response of an Obstetric Unit during the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: Experiences from a Tertiary Care Center

Objective To describe our experiences in preparing our obstetric unit in Westchester County, New York, during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease of 2019) pandemic. We focus on describing our timeline, continuously evolving actions, observations, and challenges. Methods With guidance from the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH), our institutional epidemiologist, and key multidisciplinary faculty members, we evaluated emerging national data as well as expert opinions to identify issues and challenges to create action plans. Results We created and modified policies for our patients presenting for obstetrical care on the labor and delivery unit to accommodate their unique needs during this pandemic. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has posed many unique challenges. Balancing communication, risks of infection to providers, patient autonomy and rights, and resources for testing and personal protective equipment were among the valuable lessons learnt. We have shared our experiences and described our observations and challenges in Westchester County, New York.
Spatiotemporal Analysis for the Outbreak of COVID-19 in the World

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 has already spread over 200 countries approaching two million of confirmed cases, hundreds of thousand of deaths, and is st
Deconstructing a “puzzle” of visual experiences of blind and low-vision visual artists.

A lot of experiences that come from visual information are often not fully accessible by people with visual impairments (VIPs). Details like subtle facial expressions, physical appearance and atmosphere in the space are not easily perceived by VIPs. Our goal is to design a technological solution to communicate visual details haptically. In order to better understand how visual details are perceived and interpreted by VIPs, we conducted semi-structured interviews with six blind and low vision visual artists. Our interviews focused on understanding how visual information is perceived and reflected in their artwork. We identified four themes that described the participants’ visual experiences in relation to (1) Perception of Physical Attributes, (2) Interactions with Others, (3) Identifying Challenging Environments, (4) Strategies and Challenges of Perceiving the Surroundings. Our findings from this preliminary study will guide the design of a haptic solution.
Role of GM-CSF in regulating metabolism and mitochondrial functions critical to macrophage proliferation

Abstract Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) exerts pleiotropic effects on macrophages and is required for self-renewal but the mechanisms responsible are unknown. Using GM-CSF receptor-β-chain deficient (Csf2rb−/−) mice, we show GM-CSF is critical for mitochondrial turnover, functions, and integrity. GM-CSF signaling is essential for fatty acid β-oxidation and markedly increased tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP production. GM-CSF also regulated cytosolic pathways including glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and amino acid synthesis. We conclude that GM-CSF regulates macrophages in part through a critical role in maintaining mitochondria, which are necessary for cellular metabolism as well as proliferation and self-renewal.
Adapting Existing Resources for Serious Illness Communication Skills Training for Internal Medicine Residents.

OBJECTIVES Goals of care discussions are a vital component of patient care, but Internal Medicine residents receive limited training in these skills. Existing curricula often require simulated patients or faculty development, limiting implementation in many residency programs. Thus, we developed and implemented a curriculum leveraging existing educational resources with the goal of improving resident attitudes and confidence in conducting goals of care discussions in training settings. METHODS We developed cases and a detailed faculty guide for small-group discussion with three exercises to standardize the learner experience and minimize the need for faculty development. Exercises introduced established communication skill frameworks including SPIKES (setting, perception, invitation, knowledge, empathy, summary) and REMAP (reframe, emotion, map, align, propose a plan) for how to break bad news, respond to strong emotions, and conduct a goals of care discussion. Participants were 163 Internal Medicine postgraduate year 1, -2, and -3 residents at a large urban academic institution, where residency-wide curriculum is delivered in weekly half-day didactic sessions during the course of 5 weeks. Primary outcomes were resident self-reported confidence with goals of care communication skills. RESULTS A total of 109 (response rate 67%) of residents reported improvement in overall confidence in goals of care discussion skills (3.6 ± 0.9 vs 4.1 ± 0.6, P < 0.001), responding to emotions (3.5 ± 0.9 vs 3.9 ± 0.6, P = 0.004), making care recommendations (3.5 ± 1.0 vs 3.9 ± 0.7, P < 0.001), and quickly conducting a code status discussion (3.6 ± 1.0 vs 4.0 ± 0.7, P < 0.001). Residents also expressed an increased desire for supervision and feedback to further develop these skills. CONCLUSIONS This goals of care communication curriculum improves resident confidence and requires minimal resources. It may be ideal for programs that have limited access to simulated patients and/or faculty trained in communication skill simulation, but desire enhanced education on this important aspect of patient-doctor communication and high-quality patient care. Future studies measuring clinical outcomes and changes in learner behavior as a result of this intervention are needed. Ongoing observation and feedback on these skills will be important to solidify learning and sustain impact.
Determinate Sentencing and the Epidemic of Biases in American Courts

The 1984 Sentencing Reform Act was first put into place to direct court rulings and mitigate biases from the outcomes of sentences. By implementing universal responses to any given scenario, the ability to rule discretionally based on external factors was to be eliminated, designated to a relic of a past era. Unfortunately, the efforts were less than successful. Due in large part to the decisions made in the case United States vs. Booker in 2005, America has started its shift back to discretionary sentencing policies. The dissatisfaction with the outcomes of determinate sentencing was made clear, but the issues were not inherent with the guidelines as much as with the same issues which have plagued the country for over two centuries now. While failing to live up to its high expectations, determinate sentencing still manages to surpass discretionary sentencing measures by its structural simplicity, philosophies, and potential. In the United States, many disparities exist similarly outside of the judicial system, including wealth, race, sexual orientation, and gender disparities. With each of these segments of society, unique disproportionalities arise that have helped to highly benefit only small percentages of the community, creating a system that overall fails to reconcile and inevitably exacerbates many of the limited community resources and impacts of disparate treatment. This paper intends to display the fundamental failings of strict sentencing guidelines and purport that, while they have failed in living up to their expectations of eliminating structural inequality, the disparities exist not by failing to allow discretion, but by failing to limit these systems which perpetuate its existence.
Effect of gravitational field self-interaction on large structure formation

Abstract We check whether General Relativity's field self-interaction alleviates the need for dark matter to explain the universe's large structure formation. We found that self-interaction accelerates sufficiently the growth of structures so that they can reach their presently observed density. No free parameters, dark components or modifications of the known laws of nature were required. This result adds to the other natural explanations provided by the same approach to the, inter alia, flat rotation curves of galaxies, supernovae observations suggestive of dark energy, and dynamics of galaxy clusters, thereby reinforcing its credibility as an alternative to the dark universe model.
Investigating the Interactive Effects of Prosocial Actions, Construal, and Moral Identity on the Extent of Employee Reporting Dishonesty

Employee reporting dishonesty is a significant area of concern for firms. In this study, we investigate how providing information about their prosocial actions, such as organizational citizenship behaviors, affects the extent of employee reporting dishonesty. We distinguish prosocial actions whose welfare effects are mutually beneficial (i.e., that help others and the employee), which are common in business practice, from those that are selfless in nature (i.e., that help others at a personal cost to the employee). In addition to examining the effect of the type of prosocial action on the extent of employee reporting dishonesty, we also examine the effect of construal (the manner in which individuals perceive and interpret the action). Using an experiment, we find that participants with high moral identity are less dishonest when they describe their selfless prosocial actions than when they describe their mutually beneficial prosocial actions, but only when they abstractly construe this information. However, we do not find evidence that the reporting dishonesty of participants with low moral identity is influenced by the type of prosocial action they provide information about or the construal of that information. We discuss implications of these results for theory and practice.
A Streaming Language Implementation of the Discontinuous Galerkin Method

We present a Brook streaming language implementation of the 3-D discontinuous Galerkin method for compressible fluid flow on tetrahedral meshes. Efficient implementation of the discontinuous Galerkin method using the streaming model of computation introduces several algorithmic design challenges. Using a cycle-accurate simulator, performance characteristics have been obtained for the Stanford Merrimac stream processor. The current Merrimac design achieves 128 Gflops per chip and the desktop board is populated with 16 chips yielding a peak performance of 2 Teraflops. Total parts cost for the desktop board is less than $20K. Current cycle-accurate simulations for discretizations of the 3-D compressible flow equations yield approximately 40-50% of the peak performance of the Merrimac streaming processor chip. Ongoing work includes the assessment of the performance of the same algorithm on the 2 Teraflop desktop board with a target goal of achieving 1 Teraflop performance.
Marketing and pricing of full-text end-user services

Consequences sur la commercialisation et la promotion des systemes d'information en texte integral, du developpement des technologies nouvelles
Evidence Blocking: How the Defense Can Define the Legal Landscape at Trial

A defense attorney can use the rules of evidence and procedural aspects of the court to turn evidence rulings in his favor. In this Article, Professor Rapping outlines several methods of challenging evidence put forth against the defense.