cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of methods to reduce dose to swallowing-related structures in head and neck cancer.

Introduction Emerging data suggest that reduction of dose to the larynx and pharyngeal constrictor may lower the risk of swallowing complications such as long-term gastrostomy dependence and aspiration. Organ avoidance becomes difficult when the primary tumor or involved nodes are present at the level of the larynx. Materials and Methods Fifteen patients with Stage III–IV squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with high-dose target volume at the level of the larynx (but not involving the glottic larynx) were planned with whole-field IMRT (WF-IMRT), as well as a low anterior neck field dynamically matched to an IMRT plan (D-SCLV). Plans were compared with respect to coverage of targets and sparing of normal tissues including the larynx, inferior pharyngeal constrictor (IPC), parotid, and cord. Results There was no significant difference between the two techniques in coverage of the high- or intermediate-dose planning target volumes (PTVs). Coverage of the elective nodal PTV was inferior with the D-SCLV technique, with a mean of 96.5% vs. 86.3% of the volume receiving the prescription dose ( p = 0.001) compared with WF-IMRT plans. However, the D-SCLV technique significantly reduced mean dose to the larynx (43.7 vs. 46.7 Gy, p = 0.05) and IPC (39.1 vs. 46.1 Gy, p = 0.002). There was no significant difference in dose to the parotid or cord. Conclusion Given the steep dose responses seen in studies examining the association between swallowing toxicity and dose to the larynx and IPC, dose reductions using the D-SCLV technique may be clinically significant.
The scientific work of T.D. Lee and C.N. Yang

Resume Un physicien eminent me disait un jour a propos de la loi des erreurs: “Tout le monde y croit fermement parce que les mathematiciens s'imaginent que c'est un fait d'observation, et les observateurs que c'est un theoreme de mathematiques.” Il en a ete longtemps ainsi pour le principe de la conservation de l'energie. Il n'en est plus de meme aujourd'hui; personne n'ignore que c'est un fait experimental.
Optimal binary linear codes of length ≤ 30

Abstract For n⩽30 , we determine when an [n,k,d] (binary linear) code exists, and we classify optimal [n,k,d] codes, where by optimal we mean that no [n−1,k,d], [n+1,k+1,d] , or [n+1,k,d+1] code exists. Subsumed therein are the following nontrivial new results: there are exactly six [24,7,10] codes (discovered independently by Kapralov, Enumeration of the binary linear [24,7,10] codes, in: Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Algebraic and Combinatorial Coding Theory, Unicorn, Shumen, Bulgaria, 1996, pp. 151–156.), exactly 11 [28,10,10] codes, no [29,11,10] code, exactly one [28,14,8] code, and no [29,15,8] code. We also show that there are exactly two [32,11,12] codes. All the results, new and old, are presented as a proof in the author's computer language Split , whose execution takes about 11 h on a 1996-era desktop computer, exclusive of a single line in the [28,10,10] classification, which takes 115 h.
Metastable eutectic formation in Ni- Al alloys

Directional solidification experiments have been carried out at low rates in alloys near the N13AI composition in the Ni-AI binary alloy system. Results confirm an earlier study at high rates showing that the eutectic in this system occurs between the β and γ′ phases. It is shown that under certain composition and growth conditions a metastable eutectic between the β and γ phases forms in these alloys. Analysis of the decomposition of this metastable eutectic into the γ′ phase and additional composition measurements are used to provide an improved version of the phase diagram near the N13AI composition.
Reward vs. punishment: comment on a confusion.

(1957). Reward Vs. Punishment: Comment on a Confusion. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 45-50.
Lattice parameter variations during aging in nickel-base superalloys

The importance of the state of coherency on measurements of gamma/gamma-prime lattice mismatch has been experimentally demonstrated during aging at 1000 C of specimens of an alloy with composition Ni-(8.6)Cr-(5.3)Al-(10.1)Co-(11.7)W-(1.2)Ti-(0.7)Mo (wt pct). Lattice parameter measurements are given as a function of aging time, and the corresponding sample microstructures are presented. The results show that changes of the two phases during aging did not influence the lattice parameter measurements, indicating that aging specimens to produce a semicoherent gamma/gamma-prime structure provides a good approximation of the true, unconstrained lattice mismatch.
Batterer Characteristics and Treatment Completion

This study explored the relationship between treatment completion and the level of threat or consequence perceived by the client from the referral source, which is usually the judicial system. Completion was high at 71% (n = 60), but the degree of threat from the referral source did not predict treatment completion. What were found to be significant predictors of treatment completion were reported symptoms of drug abuse (n = 37,44% of sample) and unemployment (n = 14, 17% of sample). The literature indicates that a trend to provide substance abuse services is developing, although programs do not generally address issues of unemployment. In addition, most batterer treatment programs have strict policies concerning payment of fees. This raises issues when the unemployed batterer has an employed spouse, as was the case for 10 of the 14 unemployed in this sample.
Comparative in vitro metabolism of phospho-tyrosol-indomethacin by mice, rats and humans

Phospho-tyrosol-indomethacin (PTI; MPI 621), a novel anti-cancer agent, is more potent and safer than conventional indomethacin. Here, we show that PTI was extensively metabolized in vitro and in vivo. PTI was rapidly hydrolyzed by carboxylesterases to generate indomethacin as its major metabolite in the liver microsomes and rats. PTI additionally undergoes cytochromes P450 (CYP)-mediated hydroxylation at its tyrosol moiety and O-demethylation at its indomethacin moiety. Of the five major human CYPs, CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 catalyze the hydroxylation and O-demethylation reactions of PTI, respectively; whereas CYP1A2, 2C9 and 2C19 are inactive towards PTI. In contrast to PTI, indomethacin is primarily O-demethylated by CYP2C9, which prefers acidic substrates. The hydrolyzed and O-demethylated metabolites of PTI are further glucuronidated and sulfated, facilitating drug elimination and detoxification. We observed substantial inter-species differences in the metabolic rates of PTI. Among the liver microsomes from various species, PTI was the most rapidly hydrolyzed, hydroxylated and O-demethylated in mouse, human and rat liver microsomes, respectively. These results reflect the differential expression patterns of carboxylesterase and CYP isoforms among these species. Of the human microsomes from various tissues, PTI underwent more rapid carboxylesterase- and CYP-catalyzed reactions in liver and intestine microsomes than in kidney and lung microsomes. Together, our results establish the metabolic pathways of PTI, reveal significant inter-species differences in its metabolism, and provide insights into the underlying biochemical mechanisms.
Optimized nested threshold cell discarding for ATM overload control

This paper deals with overload control in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks via priority cell discarding mechanisms governed by a set of nested queue fill thresholds. Specifically, we address the problem of finding the optimal set of discarding thresholds, for an arbitrary number of priorities, under two different performance scenarios. In the first scenario, we minimize the expected discarding cost (a performance penalty) for a given offered load using stochastic dynamic programming. In the second scenario, we maximize the offered load subject to constraints on cell loss (discarding) probabilities using an efficient search technique developed specifically for this problem. Our results illustrate that nested threshold discarding systems can perform significantly better under either scenario than a system without discarding priorities. We characterize the performance advantage over ranges of system parameter values and briefly study the use of sub-optimal, non-adaptive thresholds.
Characterization of proteins associated with polyglutamine aggregates: a novel approach towards isolation of aggregates from protein conformation disorders.

The common feature of many neurodegenerative diseases is emergence of protein aggregates. Identifying their composition can provide valuable insights into the cellular mechanisms of protein aggregation and neuronal death. No reliable method for identification of the aggregate-associated proteins has been available. Here we describe a method for characterization of protein aggregates based on sedimentation of immunocomplexes without involvement of a solid support. As a model, we used the aggregates formed in yeast by a polyglutamine-containing segment of mutant huntingtin. Sixteen proteins associated with the isolated aggregates were identified with 2D gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry. We found that the aggregates in cells lacking Rnq1 prion recruited lesser amounts of chaperones than those in the wild type cells. The method can be utilized for characterization of various types of aggregates, prions and very large protein complexes under mild conditions that preserve associated proteins.
Effect of glycerol on protein acetylation by acetic anhydride

We investigated the basis for the previously unexplained stabilization of proteins by glycerol during reaction with acetic anhydride [S. Siegel and W. M. Award, Jr. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 3233-3240]. Model studies showed that glycerol competes successfully for acetylation against protein hydroxyl groups. In contrast, amino groups are much more potent nucleophiles and their acetylation is not apparently affected. Since alpha-amino and phenolic pKa's did not change significantly in increasing glycerol concentrations, these findings are ascribed to glycerol's lower pKa value as compared to water, leading to the decreased acetylation of tyrosine, threonine, and serine hydroxyl groups in Pronase guanidine-stable chymoelastase. An additional mechanism is important and predominates in the protection against inactivation of bovine delta-chymotrypsin during acetylation and is explained by the recently described basis for protein stabilization in glycerol [K. Gekko and S. N. Timasheff (1981) Biochemistry 20, 4667-4676; 4677-4686]. Those studies demonstrated that glycerol increased the hydrophobicity of nonpolar residues, augmenting their tendency to be removed from protein surfaces. Therefore, the stabilization afforded by glycerol for chymotrypsin is attributed in part to a favoring of the native folded state which forces the side chains of isoleucine-16 and valine-17 to be buried, increasing the apparent pKa of the alpha-amino group of isoleucine-16 as it forms the charge pair with the beta-carboxyl group of aspartate-194. This conclusion was supported by stopped-flow analyses of the interaction of delta-chymotrypsin with proflavin in increasing concentrations of glycerol.
Synthesis of aryl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5-diones as antagonists of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor

Several efficient synthetic routes for 2-, 4-, and 6-aryl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5-diones were developed. Derivatives were synthesized and studied as gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists in an effort to understand structure-activity relationships of the monocyclic compounds.
An Ex Post Facto Evaluation Framework for Place-Based Police Interventions

Background: A small but growing body of research evidence suggests that place-based police interventions generate significant crime control gains. While place-based policing strategies have been adopted by a majority of U.S. police departments, very few agencies make a priori commitments to rigorous evaluations. Objective: Recent methodological developments were applied to conduct a rigorous ex post facto evaluation of the Boston Police Department's Safe Street Team (SST) hot spots policing program. Research Design: A nonrandomized quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate the violent crime control benefits of the SST program at treated street segments and intersections relative to untreated street segments and intersections. Propensity score matching techniques were used to identify comparison places in Boston. Growth curve regression models were used to analyze violent crime trends at treatment places relative to control places. Units of Analysis: Using computerized mapping and database software, a micro-level place database of violent index crimes at all street segments and intersections in Boston was created. Measures: Yearly counts of violent index crimes between 2000 and 2009 at the treatment and comparison street segments and intersections served as the key outcome measure. Results: The SST program was associated with a statistically significant reduction in violent index crimes at the treatment places relative to the comparison places without displacing crime into proximate areas. Conclusions: To overcome the challenges of evaluation in real-world settings, evaluators need to continuously develop innovative approaches that take advantage of new theoretical and methodological approaches. Language: en
PERFORMANCE OF MOSFETs ON REACTIVE-ION-ETCHED GaN SURFACES

We have fabricated, characterized and compared the performance of lateral enhancement-mode GaN MOSFETs on as-grown and RIE-etched surfaces with 900 and 1000°C gate oxide annealing temperatures. Both subthreshold swing and field effect mobility show 1000°C is the optimal annealing temperature for the PECVD gate oxide in our MOSFET process.
New N,N,N-heteroscorpionates based on 2,2'-bis(pyrazolyl)ethanamine and its derivatives. Ligands designed for probing supramolecular interactions.

The successful design and synthesis of the new bis(pyrazolyl)ethanamine ligand and its copper(I) triphenylphosphine complex is reported. The ligand coordinates to the copper(I) center in a fac tridentate fashion, through both the pyrazolyl rings and the nitrogen atom from the NH2 group. In the solid state, the compound is organized in a 2D noncovalent network by N−H···π and C−H···π interactions and hydrogen bonds. The analogous ligand with a benzyl group substituted on the amine forms a complex with the same copper(I) center that has a similar 2D supramolecular structure and, in addition, is organized by the benzyl synthon into a 3D architecture.
Genetics and Speciation of Three Semispecies of Neotoma

The genetic structure of 19 natural populations of three semispecies of Neotoma ( N. albigula, N. micropus , and N. floridana ) was analyzed using starch-gel electrophoresis. Of the 20 loci examined, nine were considered monomorphic, with the same allele fixed in the three semispecies. The mean proportion of polymorphic loci per population for the three was 0.263, whereas the mean proportion of loci heterozygous per individual was 7.8%. The greatest contributors to heterozygosity were the Hb-1, Hb-2, Alb-1, Es-3 , and 6-Pgd loci. The mean coefficient of genetic similarity (S) between the three semispecies was 0.765 and is comparable to values obtained for other semispecies. Average genic identity (I) between the three semispecies was 0.881, and 78% of the loci examined had identity values greater than 0.95. Divergence time estimated from biochemical data indicates the three species diverged approximately 155,000 years B.P. at about the beginning of the Wisconsin glacial.
Introduction to Clinical Partnerships in Teacher Education: Perspectives, Practices, and Outcomes

In this issue of the Peabody Journal of Education, we address the critical topic of clinical partnerships as transformative in preparing teachers for today's and tomorrow's classrooms. This issue i...
PROPAGATION OF INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS VIRUS IN MONKEY KIDNEY TISSUE CULTURE CELLS.

INFECTIOUS bovine rhinotracheitis virus was isolated from infectious material of cattle and grown in bovine embryo kidney tissue cultures by Madin et al.1. The virus has since been adapted to grow in HeLa cells2, human amnion cells3, and porcine kidney cells4. This report describes propagation of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in primary monkey kidney tissue cultures through 25 passages.
Preparation of the new species [W3(μ3-O)(μ-Cl)2(μ-O2CMe)4Cl3]− and [Mo3(μ3-O)(μ-Cl)4(μO2CMe)2Cl2(PMe3)2]− that bracket, structurally, the very common M3(μ3-O)(μ-X)3(μ-O2CR3)3L3 type of cluster compound

Abstract Two new monocapped trinuclear molybdenum and tungsten clusters, which also contain different numbers of bridging halogen atoms and carboxylate groups, have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, thus completing an entire series of monocapped trinuclear molybdenum and tungsten clusters with 1–6 bridging carboxylate ligands. Compound 1, (Et4N)[W3OCl5(OAc)4]·3CH2Cl2, was obtained as a byproduct in the reaction of (Et4N)3[W2Cl9] with acetic acid and acetic anhydride. Crystallographic data: space group P212121, a=12.795(3), b=15.685(3), c=19.436(3) A, V=3901(1) A3, Z=4, R=0.037. The W-W distances are 2.7280(7), 2.5754(8) and 2.5715(8) A. The average oxidation state of the tungsten atoms is +3.33. Compound 2, (Et4N)[Mo3OCl6(OAc)2(PMe3)2], was synthesized by the reaction of (Et4N)[Mo3OCl6(OAc)3] with Me3SiCl and PMe3 in THF. Crystallographic data: space group Pna21, a=27.459(7), b=13.660(5), c=18.524(5) A, V=6948 A3, Z=8, R=0.052. The Mo-Mo distances are 2.627(4), 2.546(3) and 2.631(6) A. The entire series of monocapped trinuclear molybdenum and tungsten clusters with 0–6 μ-CH3CO2 groups is reviewed.
Commentary: The Public Health Consequences of an Industry-Influenced Psychiatric Taxonomy: “Attenuated Psychotic Symptoms Syndrome” as a Case Example

Determining the distribution of psychiatric disorders and developing sound preventive and intervention practices are pressing public health issues. Since at present mental disorders lack biological markers, psychiatric taxonomies must grapple with how best to address issues of validity and reliability. With the increasing congruence between the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) (American Psychiatric Association, 2010), it is imperative that decisions regarding the inclusion of new disorders be research-based and not unduly influenced by industry. The first draft of DSM-V, recently made public, has created a firestorm of controversy, for the DSM's nomenclature of disease or other pathology not only affects such disparate domains as jurisprudence and insurance claims but is also an instrument designed to facilitate research on psychopathology.
Coronary risk of noncardiac surgery

ORONARY ARTERY disease is the number one cause of death in the United States, often progressing silently until severe disease is present. It is also one of the most frequent causes of death after noncardiac surgery. Therefore, risk stratification of patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease should be performed at the time of presentation for noncardiac surgery. Occasionally, a patient’s condition will necessitate modification of the planned surgical approach or deferment in favor of a trial of medical therapy. Appropriately selected patients will benefit from preoperative coronary interventions, primarily coronary artery bypass surgery (CARG), before undergoing noncardiac surgery. This review will describe the epidemiologic aspects of perioperative myocardial infarction (MI) and cardiac death. Various methods of risk stratification will be discussed, including exercise treadmill testing with and without adjunctive radionuclide imaging, studies of left ventricular function, dipyridamole thallium scintigraphy, silent ischemia monitoring, and transesophageal echocardiography. We will also present a summary of the impact of medical and interventional therapy of coronary artery disease on perioperative cardiac complications. Finally, a general patient management strategy will be outlined.
Cortisol and catecholamines in posttraumatic stress disorder: an epidemiologic community study.

Background Prior research has connected posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to increased levels of catecholamines. However, studies of cortisol levels have produced mixed results. Objective To examine urinary catecholamine and cortisol levels in individuals with PTSD in a community sample. Design A representative cohort of young adult community residents, assessed periodically during a 10-year period for exposure to trauma and PTSD, was used to select a subset for urine collection studies conducted in a sleep laboratory across 2 consecutive nights and the intermediate day. Setting The sample of young adults was randomly selected from a large health maintenance organization and is representative of the geographic area except for the extremes of the socioeconomic status range. Participants A subsample was selected from the 10-year follow-up cohort (n = 913; 91.1% of the initial sample). Eligibility criteria were: (1) persons exposed to trauma during the preceding 5 years, (2) other individuals who met PTSD criteria, and (3) a random preselected subsample. Of 439 eligible individuals, 292 (66.5%) participated, including 69 with lifetime PTSD. Main Outcome Measures Measures of cortisol and catecholamine levels in urine. Results The lifetime PTSD group demonstrated significantly higher catecholamine levels than the group exposed to trauma without PTSD and the nonexposed group. Individuals exposed to trauma without PTSD demonstrated significantly lower urine catecholamine levels than the nonexposed and the PTSD groups. Mean cortisol levels did not differ across groups. When analyzed by comorbidity with major depressive disorder (MDD), the PTSD-only group did not differ in cortisol levels from the groups with neither PTSD nor MDD. Women with MDD plus PTSD demonstrated significantly higher cortisol levels than women with neither disorder or with either disorder alone. Conclusions Trauma per se does not lead to sustained increases in cortisol or catecholamine levels. Posttraumatic stress disorder is associated with higher catecholamine levels. In contrast, persons with PTSD had neither an increase nor a decrease in mean urinary cortisol levels. Women with PTSD and comorbid MDD had higher cortisol levels.
A study of gesture-based first person control

Control within a First Person Shooter (FPS) traditionally involves one of two methods of input - primarily a gamepad or the combination of keyboard and mouse. Recent advances in hardware now allow users to engage with digital media through gesture alone, opening new possibilities for interaction techniques. In this paper, we present the results of a study on using single-hand gestures to control a FPS game, comparing the performance against traditional input methods. Fundamental tasks, including movement and aiming were investigated independently, and were later combined into a full control scheme. This work presents the results of a study of 26 participants, including summaries of in-game performance and a post-game survey. The motivation behind the study is not in evaluating these three input methods through direct comparison, but to establish a baseline of user capabilities for the nascent field of gesture-based game control.
Partly fluorinated poly(arylene ether ketone sulfone) hydrophilic–hydrophobic multiblock copolymers for fuel cell membranes

Abstract Hydrophilic–hydrophobic alternating poly(arylene ether ketone sulfone) multiblock copolymers, 6FK-BPSH100, were prepared by the synthesis and coupling of partly fluorinated hydrophobic poly(arylene ether ketone)oligomers (6FK) and disulfonated hydrophilic poly(arylene ether sulfone) telechelic oligomers (BPSH100), containing 3,3′-disulfonated-4,4′dichlorodiphenylsulfone (SDCDPS) as a source of ionomeric moieties. By precisely controlling the molecular weight and composition of the telechelic oligomers, a series of multiblock copolymers were prepared varying in block length and ion exchange capacity (IEC) for a comparative study. The resulting copolymers afforded tough and ductile membranes by solution casting from DMAc. Membrane properties of these copolymers were characterized with regard tointrinsic viscosity, thermal stabilities, morphology, water uptake, and proton conductivity. The results were compared to those of Nafion® and random copolymer BPSH35. The nanophase separated morphology developed in the membranes was illustrated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which account for enhanced proton conductivity at reduced relative humidity (RH). More importantly, film processing studies have demonstrated that a major advance in proton conductivity versus RH behavior and greatly reduced water uptake could be achieved via precise annealing experiments.
Prenatal development of the bovine lung.

A light and electronmicroscopic study of the development of the bovine lung was conducted, using tissues from 60 abatoir collected fetuses of various ages. Standard categorical stages of development were used to classify development stages relative to fetal age. The sequencial development of the bovine lung is described and compared with that of other species in which similar studies have been made.
Biosynthesis of dolichol and cholesterol during embryonic development of the chicken.

Abstract The polyisoprenol dolichol, in its phosphorylated form, serves as the lipid intermediate in N-linked glycoprotein synthesis, and shares a portion of its biosynthetic pathway with cholesterol. The synthesis of dolichol and cholesterol was followed over the course of development by incubating chicken embryos with [3H]acetate for 24-h intervals. Dolichol and cholesterol were isolated from the non-saponifiable lipids and identified by gel filtration and thin-layer chromatography. It was found that the rate of acetate incorporation into these two compounds per g of embryo decreased from days 8 to 14 of development. In the whole embryo, over the course of development the ratio of the rates of acetate incorporation into dolichol to that into cholesterol decreased markedly. These results suggest that mechanisms exist for controlling the differential rates of dolichol and cholesterol synthesis during development. When labeled organs from day 10 embryos were analyzed, it was found that the ratio of the rates of synthesis of dolichol to cholesterol in brain was about 14-fold lower than that in liver and heart. Similar values for the rates of synthesis of these two compounds were obtained when isolated organs were labeled in vitro. These data suggest that these three organs are capable of synthesizing dolichol and cholesterol de novo, and that each organ independently regulates the rates of synthesis of dolichol and cholesterol.
Characteristics of Inversion Operation on Fermilab Phase Controlled Pulsed Power Supplies

A well known property of phase controlled rectifiers with pulsed inductive loads is the ability to advance firing angles from full rectification (positive voltage) to full inversion (negative voltage). Though these properties have been effectively used in the Main Ring power supplies, they have not been extensively utilized for beam line magnet power supplies. Modifications to permit advancing phase angle sufficiently to permit inversion were made on TransRex 500 KW power supplies and Ling 55 KW power supplies. The objective of these modifications was to rapidly reduce the current in magnet loads to zero upon command. The modifications required and the performance of the power supplies are discussed.
A New Approach for Gate-Level Delay-Insensitive Asynchronous Logic

We present a new approach for gate-level delay-insensitive asynchronous logic. The new approach uses only conventional synchronous synthesis and computer-aided design tools, as well as conventional standard cell libraries. This new design approach is highly suitable for very low voltage operation compared with traditional static CMOS design. An auto-sleep mode together with supply voltage control logic reduces leakage power consumption. Several benchmark circuits are implemented using IBM 130nm technology to show that the new asynchronous logic approach is robust even when operating in the sub-threshold regime. The layout for each benchmark is generated using Cadence's automatic placement and routing tool. Hspice simulations for both asynchronous and synchronous versions of the benchmark circuits enabled comparison of the delay, area and leakage current. Monte Carlo simulations are performed for each benchmark circuit to demonstrate delay insensitivity for very low supply voltages with substantial threshold voltage ($$V_{T}$$VT) variations.
3-O-Acetylbeiwutine from Aconitum liaotungeuse

Abstract Together with 17 known alkaloids, a new diterpene alkaloid was isolated from the roots of Aconitum liaotungeuse and identified as 3-O -acetylbeiwutine by spectral analysis and chemical transformation from beiwutine. Complete and unambiguous assignments of the 1H and 13 C NMR data of both compounds were made by a combination of one- and two-dimensional techniques (COSY, DQF-COSY, ROESY, HMQC, HMBC and selective INEPT).
Essentialism and historicism in Danto's philosophy of art

Arthur C. Danto has long defended essentialism in the philosophy of art, yet he has been interpreted by many as a historicist. This essentialism/historicism conflict in the interpretation of his work reflects the same conflict both within his thought and, more importantly, within modern art itself. Danto's strategy for resolving this conflict involves, among other things, a Bildungsroman of modern art failing to discover its essence, an essentialist definition of art provided by philosophy which is indemnified against history, and a thesis about the end of art once it has been defined. Is this strategy successful, or does it result, as I argue, in a philosophical disenfranchisement of art of precisely the type that Danto himself has criticized?
Building a mutually beneficial partnership to ensure backup supply

Abstract In today׳s complex global environment, it is very important for a firm to possess backup supply resource when facing unpredictable disruptions from its primary supply resource. To ensure the actual arrival of backup supply in cases of primary supply disruptions, a purchasing firm needs to work with its backup supplier to forge a strong partnership that not only protects itself, but also assures the backup supplier׳s economic benefit. In this research, we establish the structure of such a partnership based on real business practices. The interactions between the purchasing firm and the backup supplier are examined through a decision-tree approach that takes disruption situations at all levels into consideration. We then design the backup supply contract, find the Nash equilibrium contract parameters, and identify the critical conditions under which such a contractual partnership will be valuable. The contract parameters we find are functions of the moments of the demand distribution, which are independent of specific demand distributions and are easy to be estimated in practice. Our numerical tests support our theoretical results and demonstrate the robustness of the contract with respect to various demand distributions.
Distributed wireless network utility maximization

We present a distributed algorithm for optimizing the rate-reliability tradeoff in wireless networks with randomly time-varying channels. The stochastic optimization is based on wireless network utility maximization, extended to incorporate dynamics at physical layer. The proposed algorithm enables a distributed implementation. We also verify the convergence of the proposed algorithm using Stochastic Approximation. The performance of the proposed algorithm and its convergence is illustrated via simulations.
Histochemical evidence for the existence of skeletofusimotor (β) innervation in the primate

A total of ten a motor axons which innervated the peroneus brevis muscle were isolated in two cynomolgus monkeys. In each experiment, the isolated α axons were stimulated collectively to deplete glycogen from their muscle units. The muscle was then frozen quickly, cut serially, and stained for glycogen. Of the 52 muscle spindles that were examined, zones of glycogen depletion were found in the intrafusal fibres of 32 spindles. The glycogen-depleted motor units included both fast-twitch and slow-twitch types. Depleted zones were observed in all three types of intrafusal muscle fibres. It was concluded that skeletofusimotor (β) efferents were among the stimulated motor axons. This finding constitutes the first anatomical evidence for the existence of β innervation in the primate.
NanoClusters Surface Area Allows Nanoparticle Dissolution with Microparticle Properties

Poorly water-soluble drugs comprise the majority of new drug molecules. Nanoparticle agglomerates, called NanoClusters, can increase the dissolution rate of poorly soluble compounds by increasing particle surface area. Budesonide and danazol, two poorly soluble steroids, were studied as model compounds. NanoCluster suspensions were made using a Netzsch MiniCer media mill with samples collected between 5 and 15 h and lyophilized. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray Diffraction were used to evaluate the physicochemical properties of the powders, and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) analysis was used to determine surface area. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed NanoClusters were between 1 and 5 μm. NanoCluster samples showed an increase in dissolution rate compared with the micronized stock and similar to a dried nanoparticle suspension. BET analysis determined an increase in surface area of eight times for budesonide NanoClusters and 10-15 times for danazol NanoClusters compared with the micronized stock. Melting temperatures decreased with increased mill time of NanoClusters by DSC. The increased surface area of NanoClusters provides a potential micron-sized alternative to nanoparticles to increase dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs.
Effect of Concomitant 3-Hydroxy-3-Methyl-Glutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitor Therapy on Creatine Phosphokinase Levels and Mortality Among Patients Receiving Daptomycin: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction The prescribing information for daptomycin recommends discontinuing statin therapy during receipt of daptomycin. The literature supporting this recommendation is sparse. The objectives of this study were to examine the impact of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) on creatine phosphokinase (CPK) elevations and mortality among patients receiving daptomycin therapy.
The Significance of Fathers for Inner-City African-American Teen Mothers

Using the accounts of family life in young women's life stories, this qualitative study examined experiences with biological fathers for a sam- ple of inner-city African-American teen mothers and a comparable sample of young women who were not parents. Distinguishing findings emerged about the pattern of young women's residential history with fathers, activity and interactions with fathers, and feelings about fathers. These qualitative find- ings were discussed in terms of their implications for services, policy, and research.
Modulation of glutathione peroxidase expression by selenium: effect on Human MCF-7 breast cancer cell transfectants expressing a cellular glutathione peroxidase cDNA and doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 cells

We have studied the effect of selenium on the expression of a cellular glutathione peroxidase, GSHPx-1, in transfected MCF-7 cells and in doxorubicin-resistant (Adrr) MCF-7 cells. A GSHPx-1 cDNA with a Rous Sarcoma virus promoter was transfected into a human mammary carcinoma cell line, MCF-7, which has very low endogenous cytosolic glutathione (GSH) peroxidase activity and no detectable message. The transfectant with the highest GSH peroxidase activity among the isolates, MCF-7H6, was characterized. Adrr MCF-7 cells, a subline of MCF-7 cells, also has elevated GSH peroxidase activity. GSH peroxidase expressed by MCF-7H6 and Adrr MCF-7 cells is similar to the endogenous GSHPx-1 based on molecular weight, immunoreactivity, and metabolic labeling with 75Se. MCF-7H6 and Adrr MCF-7 cells grown in Se-deficient media had 2.6 +/- 2.4 (mean +/- S.D.) and 4.2 +/- 3.6 units/mg protein of GSH peroxidase specific activity, respectively. Se supplementation increased GSH peroxidase activity in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion. Enzymatic activity reached a level of 164 +/- 62 in MCF-7H6 cells and 114 +/- 27 in Adrr MCF-7 cells within 5 days of growth in media supplemented with 30 nM Se. Northern analysis revealed that Se-deficient MCF-7H6 cells expressed 2.1 +/- 0.4-fold less GSHPx-1 mRNA than their Se-sufficient counterparts. Similarly, Se-deficient Adrr MCF-7 cells expressed 3.3 +/- 1.8-fold less GSHPx-1 mRNA than their Se-supplemented counterparts after the quantity of mRNA was normalized with beta-actin. These studies suggest that modulation of GSH peroxidase activity by Se in both MCF-7H6 transfectants expressing pRSV-GSHPx-1 and Adrr MCF-7 cells expressing endogenous GSHPx-1 occurs largely at the translational level, and to a lesser degree at the level of mRNA, possibly by stabilizing GSHPx-1 mRNA since the transfected cDNA in MCF-7H6 cells has only 5 nucleotides 5' to the AUG initiation codon.
Restoring a deep gingival wall with amalgam for a cast gold restoration

Abstract Caries extending below the cementoenamel junction can be restored to the desired level with amalgam to facilitate the making of a cast gold preparation. The gingival floor can be brought up to a height that will give facility, access, and visibility in the construction of a gold restoration. This simple procedure makes a gold restoration possible when the extent of cervical caries or of root anatomy creates a problem.
Flexible Work Hours and Productivity: Some Evidence from the Pharmaceutical Industry

Flexible work hours potentially influence productivity through effects on absenteeism and turnover, organizational attachment, job attitudes, work-related stress, and other areas. Prior studies suggest positive effects on productivity but are inconclusive because of small sample sizes, failure to apply direct productivity measures, or failure to account for other associated changes. We apply alternative fixed- and random-effects models to estimate production functions using panel data, with controls included for firm effects, time effects, capital quality, autocorrelation, and specification error. The results suggest that flexible work schedules contribute to improvements of about 10 percent in productivity.
Thermodynamic analysis of mRNA cap binding by the human initiation factor eIF4E via free energy perturbations.

Eukaryotic mRNAs are appended at the 5′ end, with the 7-methylguanosine cap linked by a 5′−5′-triphosphate bridge to the first transcribed nucleoside (m7GpppX). Initiation of cap-dependent translation of mRNA requires direct interaction between the cap structure and the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E. Biophysical studies of the association between eIF4E and various cap analogs have demonstrated that m7GTP binds to the protein ca. −5.0 kcal/mol more favorably than unmethylated GTP. In this work, a thermodynamic analysis of the binding process between eIF4E and several cap analogs has been conducted using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations in conjunction with free energy perturbation (FEP) calculations. To address the role of the 7-methyl group in the eIF4E/m7GpppX cap interaction, binding free energies have been computed for m7GTP, GTP, protonated GTP at N(7), the 7-methyldeazaguanosine 5′-triphosphate (m7DTP), and 7-deazaguanosine 5′-triphosphate (DTP) cap analogs. The MC/FEP simulations for the...
Talk of Kyoto

Progress in Immunology V. Edited by Y. Yamamura and T. Tada. Academic: 1984. Pp.1,640. 110, 85.
Evaluation of Annealed Poly(ethylene Terephthalate) Structures by Gas Chromatography

Solvent-crystallized, ground PET fibers were used in a gas chromatographic column as the stationary phase and subjected in situ to increasingly severe thermal treatment. After each treatment, an ho...
Radiation crosslinking of polyurethanes

On essaie de determiner si l'augmentation de la stabilite de la structure de phase est significative lors d'une reticulation radiochimique du polyurethanne a la temperature ordinaire
Scientific integrity discussed

Scientists need to be more aware of how their science is used and misused, and they need to speak out more often, advised several speakers at a 12 December 2006 session at the AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco, Calif. Peter Gleick, co-founder and president of the Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security, said, “Increasingly, we live in a world in which science and policy are very intertwined, where the outcomes of science affect the outcomes of policy Policy is beginning to influence science.” Gleick discussed various challenges to the integrity of science, including logical fallacies, direct abuse of the scientific process, and a lack of independence in funding. Uncertainty, a natural part of all of science, can also be abused, he said. Gleick noted that in policy making, deciding when something is certain enough can be difficult.
Tyrosinase and acid phosphatase activities in melanocytes from avian albinos.

Two forms of cutaneous albinism in the chicken were investigated for the presence and distribution of tyrosinase and acid phosphatase in melanocytes in situ and in culture. In sex-linked recessive tyrosinase-positive albinism, Sal, melanocytes in regenerating feathers and neural tube-derived cultures contained morphologically normal and abnormal premelanosomes. Tyrosinase was localized primarily to the abnormal premelanosomes and probably not to the normal ones. The cells possessed, in addition, vacuoles with membranous inclusions, located in the dendrites, and capped by dopa-positive vesicles (capping yes-ides). Acid phosphatase colocalized with tyrosinase in the abnormal primelanosomes and capping vesicles. Tyrosinase activity in extracts of cultured Sal melanocytes equalled that of e+ control melanocytes. A tyrosinase antiserum, raised against hamster tyrosinase (Pomerantz), precipitated 2 proteins, 68 kD and 82 kD, which had a precursor-product relationship. The amount immunoprecipitate was the same in Sal and control extracts, but in Sal extracts the lower-molecular-weight protein was twice as abundant as the higher-molecular-weight protein. Melanocytes in regenerating feathers from an autosomal recessive, tyrosinase-negative albino, ca, also contained morphologically normal and abnormal premelanosomes. In culture, ca melanocytes had no formal premelanosomes but only dopa-negative multivesicular bodies with wispy filamentous material. Tyrosinase activity and immunoprecipitable tyrosinase were absent. These results suggest that: (1) the tyrosinase-positive albino, Sal, has an aberration in both its tyrosinase and acid phosphatase profiles and (2) the tyrosinase-negative albino, ca, lacks functionally and antigenically normal tyrosinase.
Flowfield Characteristics of a Confined Transverse Slot Jet

The current study explored the mean and turbulent flowfield features of a confined transverse slot jet. The slot jet spans 95 % of the full channel spanwise dimension, a geometrical feature found to result in a highly three-dimensional mean flowfield. The transverse slot jet produces a recirculation bubble that has similarities to that found for the flow downstream of a rearward-facing step. The flowfield results were compared with a 2:1 expansion ratio step flow and the observations were discussed in the context of how the transverse slot jet may provide advantages compared with a sudden expansion for subsonic combustors. High turbulence levels are achieved and large turbulent length scales are produced for strong transverse slot jets. The momentum ratio of the jet to that of the channel is found to be a governing parameter, and the dimensions of the recirculation zone scale with this parameter. A series of models constructed in ANSYS/CFX-10 were done to complement the experimental work and showed that the three-dimensionality of the mean flow disappears when the slot jet extends fully across the channel.
Cerebral blood flow measured by xenon-enhanced computed tomography as a guide to management of patients with cerebrovascular disease.

Abstract CT scanning performed before and sequentially during the inhalation of stable xenon (32%), coupled with end-tidal xenon measurements, has made possible the routine construction of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) maps with resolution that approximates that of the CT scanner. The capability of obtaining quantitative flow maps with direct anatomic correlation is now available with a commercial package of hardware and software adapted to the General Electric 9800 scanner. The ability to distinguish between normal and reduced rCBF in specific vascular territories has proved useful in the management of cerebrovascular disease. Specific clinical dilemmas that have been addressed with rCBF information from xenon-enhanced CT scanning include the following: (1) In the patient with asymptomatic occlusive disease, is normal rCBF preserved? Is there adequate collateral flow? (2) Are cerebrovascular symptoms a result of emboli or chronic regional low flow? (3) In the patient with complex multivessel occlusive disease, which revascularization procedure is indicated first? Did operation improve rCBF? Should a further procedure be added? (4) May a diffusely diseased but patent artery, which is the source of emboli, be sacrificed safely without compromising rCBF? On the basis of experience with 155 patients, the management and understanding of cerebrovascular disease has been aided substantially by the incorporation of rCBF mapping by xenon-enhanced CT scan in the evaluation of these patients. (J VASC SURG 1986;3:298-304.)
Risk of Future Suicide Attempts in Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients at 18‐month Follow‐up

This study investigated potential predictors of suicidal behavior in adolescents during an 18-month follow-up period. Subjects included 60 adolescent psychiatric inpatients initially assessed in a private psychiatric hospital. Follow-up suicidality was most strongly predicted by high intake levels of hopelessness, and an increase in or persistent problems with depression during follow-up. Some family functioning variables measured at intake were predictive of suicidal behavior at the univariate level but did not add to the predictive ability of individual functioning variables. A mediational model was proposed in which the impact of family functioning on adolescent suicidality is mediated by its impact on individual functioning.
Repair of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in infants.

OBJECTIVES: Anatomical repair seems an ideal method for the surgical treatment of the anomalous left coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) in infancy. The medium-term outcome has been investigated for infants with ALCAPA following the restoration of a dual-coronary arterial circulation.
Making the Strange Familiar: A Pedagogical Exploration of Visual Thinking

Scholarly conversation within the field of professional communication increasingly has focused on the practice, research, and pedagogy of visual rhetoric. Yet, visual thinking has received relative...