cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of nonlocal thin elastic plates by a cylindrical projectile

Abstract This paper is concerned with the analysis of the problem of dynamic impact of an elastic thin plate by a cylindrical projectile. The behavior of the plate material is assumed to be nonlocal elastic, and the effect of the impact is represented by a uniform velocity distribution over a circular region of the plate surface. Assuming the plate is thin, only the contributions of vertical shearing stress are considered, and the expressions of shear stress, axial displacement and the corresponding velocity components are obtained. Finally, the value of the total strain energy—crack initiation energy—for which the plastic flow will start, has been calculated and compared with experiments.
Transient load sharing between inverters and synchronous generators in islanded microgrids

When inverters in voltage control mode are paired with synchronous generators they exhibit poor transient load sharing in islanded operation. The inverter initially picks up the majority of every load step, and the generator's output slowly increases until they reach their steady state load sharing given by droop settings. This excessive transient power output from the inverter constrains its rating compared to the largest anticipated load step, and could negatively impact battery life in battery energy storage inverters. This paper examines the transient load sharing characteristics between synchronous generators and inverters in voltage control, i.e. grid-supporting-grid-forming control, and investigates methods to improve it. An equivalent circuit is proposed to describe the initial power sharing ratio, and the effects of increased inverter droop slope and increased governor integral gain are investigated. An inverter control strategy of emulating a synchronous generator is shown to provide good transient load sharing. Validation is provided by simulation and experimental results for real and reactive loads.
A test of the ADV-based Reynolds flux method for in situ estimation of sediment settling velocity in a muddy estuary

Under conditions common in muddy coastal and estuarine environments, acoustic Doppler velocimeters (ADVs) can serve to estimate sediment settling velocity (w s) by assuming a balance between upward turbulent Reynolds flux and downward gravitational settling. Advantages of this method include simple instrument deployment, lack of flow disturbance, and relative insensitivity to biofouling and water column stratification. Although this method is being used with increasing frequency in coastal and estuarine environments, to date it has received little direct ground truthing. This study compared in situ estimates of w s inferred by a 5-MHz ADV to independent in situ observations from a high-definition video settling column over the course of a flood tide in the bottom boundary layer of the York River estuary, Virginia, USA. The ADV-based measurements were found to agree with those of the settling column when the current speed at about 40 cm above the bed was greater than about 20 cm/s. This corresponded to periods when the estimated magnitude of the settling term in the suspended sediment continuity equation was four or more times larger than the time rate of change of concentration. For ADV observations restricted to these conditions, ADV-based estimates of w s (mean 0.48±0.04 mm/s) were highly consistent with those observed by the settling column (mean 0.45±0.02 mm/s). However, the ADV-based method for estimating w s was sensitive to the prescribed concentration of the non-settling washload, C wash. In an objective operational definition, C wash can be set equal to the lowest suspended solids concentration observed around slack water.
Effects of Shear, Defocus, and Wavefront Error on the Theoretical Performance of the Composite Infrared Spectrometer for Cassini

The combined effects on performance of shear between the two arms, defocus of die detector, and difference in wavefront between the two arms of a Fourier transform spectrometer using cube corner retroreflectors were investigated. Performance was characterized by the amplitude of the fringe signals coming from a detector as the path-length difference was scanned. A closed-form expression was found for the combined effects of shear and defocus, and it was found that defocus had no effect in the absence of shear. The effect of wavefront error was modeled numerically and assumed to be independent of shear and defocus. Results were compared with measurements made on the breadboard and engineering model of the Composite Infrared Spectrometer for the Cassini mission to Saturn, and good agreement was found.
Attenuation and Restoration of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Mutant Lacking 2′-O-Methyltransferase Activity

The sudden emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002 and, more recently, Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV) underscores the importance of understanding critical aspects of CoV infection and pathogenesis. Despite significant insights into CoV cross-species transmission, replication, and virus-host interactions, successful therapeutic options for CoVs do not yet exist. Recent identification of SARS-CoV NSP16 as a viral 2'-O-methyltransferase (2'-O-MTase) led to the possibility of utilizing this pathway to both attenuate SARS-CoV infection and develop novel therapeutic treatment options. Mutations were introduced into SARS-CoV NSP16 within the conserved KDKE motif and effectively attenuated the resulting SARS-CoV mutant viruses both in vitro and in vivo. While viruses lacking 2'-O-MTase activity had enhanced sensitivity to type I interferon (IFN), they were not completely restored in their absence in vivo. However, the absence of either MDA5 or IFIT1, IFN-responsive genes that recognize unmethylated 2'-O RNA, resulted in restored replication and virulence of the dNSP16 mutant virus. Finally, using the mutant as a live-attenuated vaccine showed significant promise for possible therapeutic development against SARS-CoV. Together, the data underscore the necessity of 2'-O-MTase activity for SARS-CoV pathogenesis and identify host immune pathways that mediate this attenuation. In addition, we describe novel treatment avenues that exploit this pathway and could potentially be used against a diverse range of viral pathogens that utilize 2'-O-MTase activity to subvert the immune system. Importance Preventing recognition by the host immune response represents a critical aspect necessary for successful viral infection. Several viruses, including SARS-CoV, utilize virally encoded 2'-O-MTases to camouflage and obscure their viral RNA from host cell sensing machinery, thus preventing recognition and activation of cell intrinsic defense pathways. For SARS-CoV, the absence of this 2'-O-MTase activity results in significant attenuation characterized by decreased viral replication, reduced weight loss, and limited breathing dysfunction in mice. The results indicate that both MDA5, a recognition molecule, and the IFIT family play an important role in mediating this attenuation with restored virulence observed in their absence. Understanding this virus-host interaction provided an opportunity to design a successful live-attenuated vaccine for SARS-CoV and opens avenues for treatment and prevention of emerging CoVs and other RNA virus infections.
Spurious modulation and bandshape in interferometric RF-channelized receivers

Use of the interferometric spectrum analyzer as an RF channelized receiver requires careful optimization of optical beam apodization to achieve an acceptable channel bandshape and to suppress spurious modulation produced by the self-interference of optical local oscillators which can limit dynamic range. Design techniques are shown for proper optimization and factors which limit performance in practical systems are discussed. It is shown that reference self-interference spurs can be controlled if the reference Bragg cell has a time-bandwidth product which significantly exceeds the number of channels. Other spurious suppression techniques are considered as well. Non-Gaussian apodization is shown to result in an improved bandshape for channelized receiver applications.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Path integrals for a particle in curved space

We consider a particle obeying the Schr\"odinger equation in a general curved $n$-dimensional space, with arbitrary linear coupling to the scalar curvature of the space. We give the Feynman path-integral expressions for the probability amplitude, $〈x,s|{x}^{\ensuremath{'}},0〉$, for the particle to go from ${x}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ to $x$ in time $s$. This generalizes results of DeWitt, Cheng, and Hartle and Hawking. We show in particular, that there is a one-parameter family of covariant representations of the path integral corresponding to a given amplitude. These representations are different in that the covariant expressions for the incremental amplitudes, $〈{x}_{l+1},{s}_{l}+\ensuremath{\epsilon}|{x}_{l},{s}_{l}〉$, appearing in the definition of the path integral, differ even to first order in $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ (after dropping common factors). Finally, using the proper-time representation, we give the corresponding generally covariant expressions for the propagator of a scalar field with arbitrary linear coupling to the scalar curvature of the spacetime.
The ability of peptides to induce cytotoxic T cells in vitro does not strongly correlate with their affinity for the H-2Ld molecule: implications for vaccine design and immunotherapy.

Abstract The hypothesis that the ability of a peptide to bind to a class I molecule correlates with its immunogenicity is controversial. In this paper we have measured the affinity constants of nine synthetic peptides, which have been previously identified as binding to H-2Ld molecules, and have determined their immunogenicity in an in vitro cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) induction assay. We find that six peptides bind with high affinity ( K a > 10 7 M ); of these, four are of viral origin but only two elicit potent CTLs, one is a self peptide which is not immunogenic, while the sixth is of bacterial origin and also does not generate effective CTLs. Two peptides bind with intermediate affinity ( K a > 10 6 M ); one of these elicits a moderate CTL response, while the other, a tumor-derived epitope, is highly immunogenic. Intriguingly, the peptide with lowest affinity (p2Ca) is exceedingly effective at eliciting CTLs. The efficacy of peptides with modest affinity for their restriction elements appears to corrlate well with the CTL precursor frequency. We have also examined intrinsic parameters of some of the peptides such as solubility and stability. Taken together, our results underscore the relevance of factors other than affinity which affect immunogenicity and which may be critical in the design of peptide-based vaccines as well as tumor immunotherapy approaches.
Toward a Sociology of the Person

This paper proposes a sociology of the person that focuses upon the socially defined, publicly visible beings of intersubjective experience. I argue that the sociology of the person proposed by Durkheim and Mauss is more accurately described as a sociology of institutions of the person and neglects both folk or ethnopsychologies of personhood and the interactional production of persons. I draw upon the work of Goffman to develop a sociology of the person concerned with means, processes, and relations of person production. I also propose that the work of Goffman, Foucault, and others provides insights into the contemporary technology of person production and into how its control and use affects relations of person production. I conclude with a brief outline of the theoretical connections among institutions of the person, folk psychologies, the social constitution of the person, and the prospect of a distinctively sociological psychology.
Dye-mediated photolysis of normal and neoplastic hematopoietic cells

The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity to merocyanine 540 (MC 540)-mediated photolysis of normal human hematopoietic progenitor cells and four leukemia cell lines (Daudi, Raji, K562 and HL-60). Late erythroid progenitors were the most sensitive normal cells. Early erythroid progenitors were of intermediate sensitivity. Granulocyte/macrophage progenitors and multipotent progenitors were the least sensitive normal marrow cells. A combination of dye concentration, serum concentration, and illumination that eliminated 50% of multipotent progenitor cells reduced the concentration of leukemic cells by greater than or equal to 4.5 log. It is conceivable that this difference in photosensitivity can be exploited for the extracorporeal purging of autologous remission marrow grafts.
Fully Edited and Partially Edited nad9 Transcripts Differ in Size and Both Are Associated With Polysomes in Potato Mitochondria

Two classes of nad9 transcripts are present at different abundances in the steady-state RNA pool of potato mitochondria. The 5'- and 3' termini of the transcripts were determined by primer extension and S1 nuclease protection analyses respectively. Using two primer pairs that will either specifically amplify the larger transcript or amplify both the larger and the smaller transcripts in RT-PCR analyses it was found that the larger nad9 transcripts are partially edited, while the smaller transcripts are fully edited. Both the larger and the smaller transcripts were found to be associated with mitochondrial polysomes. The polysome association was found to be sensitive to EDTA and puromycin treatment. Therefore, both fully and partially edited nad9 transcripts appear to be engaged in translation.
Two-Dimensional Electronic Excitations in Self-Assembled Conjugated Polymer Nanocrystals

Several spectroscopic methods were applied to study the characteristic properties of the electronic excitations in thin films of regioregular and regiorandom polythiophene polymers. In the regioregular polymers, which form two-dimensional lamellar structures, increased interchain coupling strongly influences the traditional one-dimensional electronic properties of the polymer chains. The photogenerated charge excitations (polarons) show two-dimensional delocalization that results in a relatively small polaronic energy, multiple absorption bands in the gap where the lowest energy band becomes dominant, and associated infrared active vibrations with reverse absorption bands caused by electron-vibration interferences. The relatively weak absorption bands of the delocalized polaron in the visible and near-infrared spectral ranges may help to achieve laser action in nanocrystalline polymer devices using current injection.
Streptavidin in Antibody Pretargeting. 2. Evaluation of Methods for Decreasing Localization of Streptavidin to Kidney while Retaining Its Tumor Binding Capacity

An investigation has been conducted to determine if the kidney localization of recombinant streptavidin can be decreased to improve its characteristics in pretargeting protocols. Three different methods of accomplishing this were evaluated. The first method, blocking kidney uptake with a preadministration of recombinant streptavidin in which biotin occupied all of the binding sites, was unsuccessful. In a second method, l-lysine administration was used to block kidney localization. This method worked well, decreasing the concentration to 29% of the unmodified amount at 8 h postinjection. However, this method suffered from a requirement for constant infusion of lysine during the period of observation. A third method, use of succinylated recombinant streptavidin, was found to be the best approach. Succinylation of streptavidin was readily accomplished with very good protein recovery. With the succinylated streptavidin, the kidney concentration was only 14% of that of nonmodified streptavidin at 4 h postinjection. While these results demonstrated that the concentration of streptavidin could be decreased in the kidney, it was important to assess whether the tumor colocalization of streptavidin with biotinylated antibody was affected under those conditions. As part of our continuing investigation of pretargeting, a new water-solubilized biotinidase-stabilized biotinylation reagent was prepared. Using that reagent in a pretargeting experiment, an equivalent quantity of succinylated recombinant streptavidin as biotinylated antibody Fab' was localized in a tumor xenograft model. In that experiment, the kidney concentration was decreased to less than 10% of that obtained with unmodified recombinant streptavidin at 24 h postinjection. The results of our investigation have demonstrated that succinylation of streptavidin improves its distribution characteristics for pretargeting applications. The fact that succinylated streptavidin has no specific tissue localization should allow its use as a carrier of radioactivity in "two-step" pretargeting protocols.
Cinchonism : two case reports and review of acute quinine toxicity and treatment

Two cases of acute quinine toxicity are presented, one from self-poisoning and the other from an unidentified source. Both patients presented with acute bilateral blindness. They also experienced the classic symptoms of cinchonism, including nausea, vomiting, and tinnitus. Prolongation of the Q-T interval developed in both patients. Serum quinine levels of 5.3 mg/L and 13 mg/L were measured. Although their visual acuity improved, both patients had some residual deficit at follow-up. A review of the literature, including clinical presentation and emergency medicine diagnosis and management, is also presented.
Clonidine induced intrahypothalamic stimulation of eating in rats.

Intracerebral injection of 1 Μl volumes of solutions containing noradrenaline, clonidine, oxymetazoline and phentolamine were performed in the antero-lateral hypothalamus of the Wistar rat at the level of the pars infracommissuralis of the Stria terminalis. Intrahypothalamic clonidine in a dose as low as 1 Μg strongly increased food intake in satiated rats. Clonidine (4 Μg) was more potent than noradrenaline (12 Μg) but as potent as oxymetazoline (1.5 Μg). The clonidine induced eating response was completely blocked by the α-sympatholytic drug phentolamine. The results emphasize the role of clonidine as an activator of noradrenaline receptors in the central nervous system.
The attraction between homologous chromosomes

IT has been shown that the chromosomes of Datura (American Naturalist, vol. 56, pp. 339–346, 1922), Hyacinthus (Genetics, vol. 10, pp. 59–71, 1925) and Uvularia (Journal of Genetics, in press), for example, are combined side by side, and end to end, at the reduction division. If n is the haploid number of chromosomes, this finding of partners and conjugation of chromosomes points to the presence of 2n different attractions. (It is easily demonstrated in Uvularia that homologous ends of each chromosome are opposed, for the ends of the chromosomes differ in appearance.) This is confirmed by the formation of trivalents, quadiivalents, quinquevalents, etc., in triploid, tetraploid, and other plants with more than two homologous chormosomes; and also be the fact that none of the 12 chromosomes of the haploid Datura pair at the reduction division (Fig. 1). Such a number of attracting forces seems perhaps unexampled in physics.
A Flexible Framework for Tools Integration using Service Oriented Architecture

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is making strides into every industry, and is providing consumer centric approach to the end-to-end solution. In the business world, acquisitions and mergers are very common. Whenever an acquisition or merger happens, it is required to consolidate the business assets. It is possible to use Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) to arrive at an excellent framework for integrating and consolidating these business assets (which typically include business processes and the various software packages). We have designed and built a software framework for integrating various tools used within Global Delivery India Center.
A case of delirium, motor disturbances, and autonomic dysfunction due to baclofen and tizanidine withdrawal: a review of the literature

We report a case of delirium accompanied by extrapyramidal symptoms and autonomic dysfunction in a 59-year-old man following abrupt cessation of baclofen and tizanidine. An extensive search for the etiology was undertaken, but it was only after a careful history was taken that suspicion for baclofen and tizanidine withdrawal was raised. The delirium and motor disturbances resolved within 24 h of reintroduction of baclofen. Withdrawal from muscle relaxants requires a high index of suspicion but should be considered in patients who manifest signs and symptoms of withdrawal from the medications, particularly visual hallucinations, rigidity and autonomic dysfunction.
Circulation and heat fluxes during the austral fall in George VI Sound, Antarctic Peninsula

Abstract A mesoscale survey was conducted in northern George VI Sound as part of the United States Southern Ocean Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics program in austral fall 2001 to examine the circulation and heat fluxes. The absolute dynamic height field is determined from a combination of measured currents detided using model-predicted tidal currents, streamfunction fitting, and the thermal wind equation based on hydrographic measurements. The results have revealed surface coastal currents of 0.2 m s−1 intruding into northern George VI Sound from Marguerite Bay (MB) and mesoscale eddies formed within the deep trough. Both Antarctic surface waters and modified circumpolar deep water were transported into the sound along the eastern side of the sound while ice shelf influenced waters exited to MB along the western side. Analysis indicates that predominant southward winds during the season were responsible for driving the basin-wide circulation in the sound. Both convergence of horizontal heat transports and vertical upwelling heat fluxes were significant to the contribution or delay of local ice formation in George VI Sound, which is critical for the austral winter ecosystem.
Do subtypes of maritally violent men continue to differ over time

In previous batterer typology studies, only 1 study gathered longitudinal data and no research examined whether subtypes continue to differ from one another over time. The present study did so. We predicted that, at 1.5- and 3-year follow-ups, the subtypes identified at Time 1 (A. Holtzworth-Munroe, J. C. Meehan. K. Herron, U. Rehman, G. L. Stuart, 2000; family only, low level antisocial, borderline/dysphoric, and generally violent/antisocial) would continue to differ in level of husband violence and on other relevant variables (e.g., generality of violence, psychopathology, jealousy, impulsivity, attitudes toward violence and women). Although many group differences emerged in the predicted direction, not all reached statistical significance, perhaps because of small sample sizes. Implications of the findings (e.g.. not all marital violence escalates; possible overlap of the borderline/dysphoric and generally violent/antisocial subgroups) are discussed, as are methodological issues (e.g., need for more assessments over time, the instability of violent relationships).
The effect of discrimination training on the response rate and response duration of the rat

Response rate (responses per minute) and response duration (time in seconds per press) were recorded in rats shifted from multiple variable-interval variable-interval (mult VI VI) to multiple extinction variable-interval (mult EXT VI). This procedure produced positive contrast (i.e., a decrease in response rate in EXT and an increase in VI) in 11 of 12 rats and, in addition, produced an increase in response duration (i.e., bar holding), which, for the most part, was confined to the EXT component of the mult EXT VI condition. One of the 12 rats showed negative induction (i.e., a decrease in response rate in both the EXT and VI components), and also an increase in response duration in both the EXT and VI components of the mult EXT VI condition. The results indicate that generalization of behavior from the EXT to the VI component can produce negative induction, and that such generalization must be prevented if positive contrast is to occur in the rat.
Rare cells predict GVHD

Although natural killer (NK) T cells are present in about 1 in a 1000 T cells contained in hematopoietic cell transplants used for treatment of leukemia and lymphoma, their number is the dominant predictor of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in transplant patients according to the paper by Chaidos et al in this issue of Blood . 1
Invisibilité et spectacularité: Fénelon et “L'anneau de Gygès”

Etre, c'est voir. Ce grand axiome du baroque regit tout le XVIIe siecle ou l'individu toujours en representation connait un desir exacerbe de voir en toute impunite. Fenelon reprend le mythe de l'anneau de Gyges dans ses Fables et opuscules pedagogiques de 1690 : si l'education royale amene F. a censurer certaines possibilite du voyeuriqme, les themes complementaires de l'invisibilite et de la spectacularite, ainsi que leurs enjeux psychologiques et politiques, refletent bien des preoccupations essentielles de son temps
Theory of Measurement of Flow Birefringence by Use of the Sénarmont Compensator. II. Effect of Quarter-Wave Plate Error and Polychromatism*

In a study of the Senarmont compensator method of flow birefringence measurement, the effects of polychromatism and of error in the quarter-wave plate are investigated by a theoretical treatment of the behavior of the cross of isocline. It is found that with monochromatic light an error in the quarter-wave plate introduces asymmetry into the scissors-type motion of the cross of isocline. The arms of the cross do not close completely. Rather, one arm disappears while the other continues its motion toward the 45° position in the annulus. It is shown by example that, with the proper quarter-wave plate, polychromatic light from a filter can give a result which is almost the same as that given by monochromatic light and a quarter-wave plate without error. A mismatch of the quarter-wave plate and polychromatic light gives essentially the same error in the measurement of birefringence as the error caused by a comparable mismatch between the quarter-wave plate and monochromatic light.
The effect of retrogression and reaging on the properties of the 7249 aluminum alloy

The retrogression and reaging (RRA) heat-treatment process and recent developments in high-strength 7xxx series aluminum alloys are summarized in this article. The results of experimental work indicate that RRA 7249 aluminum has the strength equivalent to or greater than 7249-T6 and superior corrosion resistance. This work is the result of collaborative efforts between the U.S. Navy and Loyola Marymount University.
Chiral-symmetry breaking in a composite model with scalars based on lattice gauge theory

In a composite model, based on the SO(3) gauge group, in which there are both fermion and scalar fundamental fields, we determine whether there is spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry and look for the mass gap between the ground state and the one composite-fermion state. The chiral symmetry is realized in the strong-coupling lattice Hamiltonian with the fundamental fermions being massless and fundamental scalars being massive. This calculation is based on the mean-field approximation to the state wave functions. Similar to the calculations of Quinn, Drell, and Gupta in models without scalars, we also find that the chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken, and the composite fermions are massive. The extension of our calculation to SO(N) cases is shown to be straightforward.
On the crossing numbers of products of cycles and graphs of order four

The main results are that the crossing number of the product C4 × Cn is 2n for n ≥ 4 and that of the product K4 × Cn is 3n for n ≥ 3. These are extensions of an earlier result giving the crossing number of C3 × Cn as n for n ≥ 3.
The theory of reasoned action as parallel constraint satisfaction: towards a dynamic computational model of health behavior.

The reasoned action approach, although ubiquitous in health behavior theory (e.g., Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior), does not adequately address two key dynamical aspects of health behavior: learning and the effect of immediate social context (i.e., social influence). To remedy this, we put forth a computational implementation of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) using artificial-neural networks. Our model re-conceptualized behavioral intention as arising from a dynamic constraint satisfaction mechanism among a set of beliefs. In two simulations, we show that constraint satisfaction can simultaneously incorporate the effects of past experience (via learning) with the effects of immediate social context to yield behavioral intention, i.e., intention is dynamically constructed from both an individual’s pre-existing belief structure and the beliefs of others in the individual’s social context. In a third simulation, we illustrate the predictive ability of the model with respect to empirically derived behavioral intention. As the first known computational model of health behavior, it represents a significant advance in theory towards understanding the dynamics of health behavior. Furthermore, our approach may inform the development of population-level agent-based models of health behavior that aim to incorporate psychological theory into models of population dynamics.
The effect of dietary quercetin and rutin on AOM‐induced acute colonic epithelial abnormalities in mice fed a high‐fat diet

Dietary quercetin (QU) and rutin (RU), phenolic flavonoids found in many fruits and vegetables, when fed to mice on a low-fat diet successfully modified the response to azoxymethanol (AOM) by initially inhibiting hyperproliferation and the formation of foci of dysplasia (FADs) and ultimately reducing tumor incidence (Carcinogenesis 12, 1193-1196, 1991). In this study, we tested the efficacy of QU and RU when a high-fat diet was presented. An AIN 76A diet made with 20% corn oil (CO) was supplemented with QU (0.5%, 2.0%, or 5.0%) and RU (2.0% or 4.0%). These five diets, as well as a 5.0% and a 20.0% CO diet, were fed to a group of CF1 female mice for nine weeks. Both QU and RU showed nonsignificant dose-related trends toward normalization of the AOM-induced upward extension of S phase cells. Examination of 500 microns of serially sectioned distal colon revealed that 29% of mice fed the 20% CO control diet were free of FADs. Among the mice fed QU, regardless of dose, > 80% were free of FADs. When the three groups fed QU were pooled and compared with the control 20% CO-fed mice, the degree of protection was significant (p < 0.01). Mice fed RU expressed a level of protection that bordered on the significant (p < 0.08). These data suggest that, regardless of the fat content of the diet, QU and RU are capable of modifying or inhibiting events in the development of chemically induced colonic neoplasia.
Secure authentication and authorization design for rural‐based healthcare institutions

According to National Rural Health Association, the rural-based healthcare institutions serve approximately a quarter of the U.S. population. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) mandates that patient information can only be accessed by authorized personnel. The complexity of this task increases significantly when associated with a rural healthcare network due to a combination of factors, including economic disadvantages, educational shortcomings, inadequate infrastructure, lack of support by legislators, the sheer isolation of living in remote rural areas, and frequent needs to share patient's information across hospitals. This paper analyzes a rural healthcare network in Michigan's Upper Peninsula and introduces the Security for Clinical Authorization and Authentication on Health Care Networks (SCAAHN) system. A centralized repository is configured to store health level 7 (HL7) data from various healthcare organizations affiliated with the common network. Standard Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) containing patient's information can be securely accessed by authenticated and authorized personnel throughout the healthcare network. The preliminary results indicate that SCAAHN within the rural healthcare architecture has enhanced the authentication and authorization of patient records, and provided secure access to patient's information via a web portal interface. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maximum likelihood DNA sequence detection via sphere decoding

In sequencing-by-synthesis systems, determining the order of nucleotides of a DNA fragment can be cast as an ML sequence detection (MLSD) problem. Solving it via exhaustive search is prohibitive even for relatively short DNA sequences. Symbol-by-symbol and partial-MLSD solutions are computationally feasible but sacrifice the optimal performance. In this paper, we modify the so-called sphere decoding algorithm to efficiently solve the MLSD problem in sequencing-by-synthesis systems. We analyze the expected complexity of the algorithm, and demonstrate via simulations that it significantly outperforms heuristic techniques.
Sulfur and selenium isologs related to acetylcholine and choline IV. Activity in the electroplax preparation

Abstract Studies using the isolated single cell electroplax preparation indicated that the hydrolysis products of acetylthiocholine and acetylselenocholine, cholinethiol and cholineselenol, are powerful depolarizing agents. The activity of cholinethiol was greater at pH 6 than at pH 9. Methylation to form methylthiocholine and methylselenocholine increased activity further. Choline disulfide and choline diseleaide were antidepolarizing blocking agents. Differences between the active site of the depolarizing receptor and that of acetylcholinesterase are discussed.
Solving the Kinematics of Planar Mechanisms

This paper presents a general method for the analysis of planar mechanisms consisting of rigid links connected by rotational and/or translational joints. After describing the links as vectors in the complex plane, a simple recipe is outlined for formulating a set of polynomial equations which determine the locations of the links when the mechanism is assembled. It is then shown how to reduce this system of equations to a generalized eigenvalue problem, or in some cases, a single resultant polynomial. Both input/output problems and tracing-curve equations are treated.
Robust Disturbance Rejection in l 1 Optimal Control Systems

Given a class of plants formed by perturbing a nominal discrete-time linear shift-invariant plant with norm bounded unstructured perturbation, the problem of finding a single compensator that will stabilize all plants in this class and at the same time minimize the worst case norm of the sensitivity function is solved.
Localized β-adrenergic receptor blockade does not affect sweating during exercise

The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of a locally administered nonselective β-adrenergic antagonist on sweat gland function during exercise. Systemically administered propra...
Fundamentals of matrix computations

Gaussian Elimination and its Variants Sensitivity of Linear Systems Effects of Roundoff Errors Orthogonal Matrices and the Least Squares Problem Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors and Invariant Subspaces Other Methods for the Symmetric Eigenvalue Problem The Singular Value Decomposition Appendices Bibliography.
Possibility of observing massive neutrino admixtures in nuclear orbital electron capture rates.

The unusual case in nuclear orbital electron capture whereby either a neutrino in a weak interaction eigenstate or in a mass eigenstate is emitted by the same nucleus is examined. The case of the low-energy Q value nuclear electron capture decays is considered where, for at least one electronic shell, the emission of a weak eigenstate neutrino having an admixture of a second mass eigenstate neutrino (with mass in the keV/${\mathrm{c}}^{2}$ range) is energetically prohibited. This feature, in particular, opens the possibility for a new approach to searching for massive neutrino admixtures using relative electron capture rates. Five candidates are specifically identified, of which one, $^{157}\mathrm{Tb}$, is conceivably of immediate interest to the 17 keV/${\mathrm{c}}^{2}$ neutrino mass question. Finally experimental prospects and limitations are described.
Heterogeneity of human liver, muscle, and adipose tissue insulin receptor

Abstract We have studied the structure and function of the human insulin receptor in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. The α-subunit of the insulin receptor for liver, muscle and adipose tissue migrated on SDS-PAGE with Mrs 137632 ±216, 134034 ±1080, and 133575 ±165, respectively (p
Energetic Baroclinic Super-Tidal Oscillations on the Southeast Florida shelf

[1] Historical and recent data reveal a very energetic regime on the shelf off southeast Florida. In addition to spin off eddies, large-amplitude tidal velocity fluctuations with amplitudes exceeding 0.5 ms−1 are observed. Recent exploratory measurements conducted as a part of the South Florida Ocean Measurement Center (SFOMC) show that the time scale of these oscillations is about 10 hrs. This period does not coincide either with the inertial period (27 Hrs) or with the semidiurnal M2 (12.42 hrs) or S2 (12 hrs) tidal constituents. In addition, these internal oscillations appear to be modulated seasonally. A possible explanation is that these oscillations are near-resonant internal seiches generated by barotropic tidal wave in the channel between Florida and Bahamas.
Retinal Waves: Implications for Synaptic Learning Rules during Development

Neural activity is often required for the final stages of synaptic refinement during brain development. It is thought that learning rules acting at the individual synapse level, which specify how pre- and postsynaptic activity lead to changes in synaptic efficacy, underlie such activity-dependent development. How such rules might function in vivo can be addressed in the retinogeniculate system because the input activity from the retina and its importance in development are both known. In fact, detailed studies of retinal waves have revealed their complex spatiotemporal properties, providing insights into the mechanisms that use such activity to guide development. First of all, the information useful for development is contained in the retinal waves and can be quantified, placing constraints on synaptic learning rules that use this information. Furthermore, knowing the distribution of activity over the entire set of inputs makes it possible to address a necessary component of developmental refinement: rules governing competition between synaptic inputs. In this way, the detailed knowledge of retinal input and lateral geniculate nucleus development provides a unique opportunity to relate the rules of synaptic plasticity directly to their role in development.
Duality for Random Sequential Adsorption on a Lattice

If particles are dropped randomly on a lattice, with a placement being cancelled if the site in question or a nearest neighbor is already occupied, an ensemble of restricted random walks is created. We seek the time dependence of the expected occupation of a given site. It is shown that this problem reduces to one of enumerating walks from the given site in which a move can only be made to a previously occupied site or one of its nearest neighbors.
Discovery of a Novel Activator of KCNQ1-KCNE1 K+ Channel Complexes

KCNQ1 voltage-gated K+ channels (Kv7.1) associate with the family of five KCNE peptides to form complexes with diverse gating properties and pharmacological sensitivities. The varied gating properties of the different KCNQ1-KCNE complexes enables the same K+ channel to function in both excitable and non excitable tissues. Small molecule activators would be valuable tools for dissecting the gating mechanisms of KCNQ1-KCNE complexes; however, there are very few known activators of KCNQ1 channels and most are ineffective on the physiologically relevant KCNQ1-KCNE complexes. Here we show that a simple boronic acid, phenylboronic acid (PBA), activates KCNQ1/KCNE1 complexes co-expressed in Xenopus oocytes at millimolar concentrations. PBA shifts the voltage sensitivity of KCNQ1 channel complexes to favor the open state at negative potentials. Analysis of different-sized charge carriers revealed that PBA also targets the permeation pathway of KCNQ1 channels. Activation by the boronic acid moiety has some specificity for the Kv7 family members (KCNQ1, KCNQ2/3, and KCNQ4) since PBA does not activate Shaker or hERG channels. Furthermore, the commercial availability of numerous PBA derivatives provides a large class of compounds to investigate the gating mechanisms of KCNQ1-KCNE complexes.
Observation of neutrons with a Gadolinium doped water Cherenkov detector

Abstract Spontaneous and induced fission in Special Nuclear Material (SNM) such as 235U and 239Pu results in the emission of neutrons and high energy gamma-rays. The multiplicities of and time correlations between these particles are both powerful indicators of the presence of fissile material. Detectors sensitive to these signatures are consequently useful for nuclear material monitoring, search, and characterization. In this article, we demonstrate sensitivity to both high energy gamma-rays and neutrons with a water Cherenkov-based detector. Electrons in the detector medium, scattered by gamma-ray interactions, are detected by their Cherenkov light emission. Sensitivity to neutrons is enhanced by the addition of a Gadolinium compound to the water in low concentrations. Cherenkov light is similarly produced by an 8 MeV gamma-ray cascade following neutron capture on the Gadolinium. The large solid angle coverage and high intrinsic efficiency of this detection approach can provide robust and low cost neutron and gamma-ray detection with a single device.
Cellular Statistical Models of Broken Cloud Fields. Part II: Comparison with a Dynamical Model and Statistics of Diverse Ensembles

Cellular statistical models are designed to provide a simple two-parameter characterization of the structure of broken cloud fields described through distributions of cloud fraction and of chord lengths for clouds and clear gaps. In these analytical models cloud fields are assumed to occur on a semiregular grid of cells (which can be vaguely interpreted as atmospheric convective cells). In a simple, discrete cell model, cell size is fixed and each cell can either be completely filled with cloud with some probability or remain empty. Extending the discrete model to a continuous case provides more realism by allowing arbitrary cloud and gap sizes. Here the continuous cellular model is tested by comparing its statistics with those from large-eddy simulations (LES) of marine boundary layer clouds based on case studies from three trade-cumulus field projects. The statistics largely agree with some differences in small sizes approaching the LES model grid spacing. Exponential chord-length distributions follow from the assumption that the probability of any cell being cloudy is constant, appropriate for a given meteorological state (narrow sampling). Relaxing that assumption, and instead allowing this probability to have its own distribution, leads to a power-law distribution of chord lengths, appropriate to a broader sample of meteorological states (diverse sampling).
PDGF is associated with neuronal and glial alterations of Alzheimer's disease

In the present study we observed that while platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB is exclusively expressed by neurons in the human brain, PDGF-AA is expressed in neurons and blood vessels. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), antibodies against PDGF-BB (but not PDGF-AA) recognized the neurofibrillary alterations of this disease. The levels of PDGF-BB correlated with the patterns of synaptic loss and sprouting while PDGF-AA immunostaining of the vessels was correlated with glial proliferation. Immunostaining was completely abolished when the antibodies were preincubated with their respective purified recombinant PDGF. Western blot analysis showed that antibodies against PDGF recognized a 31 kDa protein that was mildly increased in AD. These data suggest that PDGF, as well as other neurotrophic factors, play an important role in the mechanisms of neurofibrillary pathology in AD.
Ex vivo characterization and isolation of rare memory B cells with antigen tetramers

Studying human antigen-specific memory B cells has been challenging because of low frequencies in peripheral blood, slow proliferation, and lack of antibody secretion. Therefore, most studies have relied on conversion of memory B cells into antibody-secreting cells by in vitro culture. To facilitate direct ex vivo isolation, we generated fluorescent antigen tetramers for characterization of memory B cells by using tetanus toxoid as a model antigen. Brightly labeled memory B cells were identified even 4 years after last immunization, despite low frequencies ranging from 0.01% to 0.11% of class-switched memory B cells. A direct comparison of monomeric to tetrameric antigen labeling demonstrated that a substantial fraction of the B-cell repertoire can be missed when monomeric antigens are used. The specificity of the method was confirmed by antibody reconstruction from single-cell sorted tetramer+ B cells with single-cell RT-PCR of the B-cell receptor. All antibodies bound to tetanus antigen with high affinity, ranging from 0.23 to 2.2 nM. Furthermore, sequence analysis identified related memory B cell and plasmablast clones isolated more than a year apart. Therefore, antigen tetramers enable specific and sensitive ex vivo characterization of rare memory B cells as well as the production of fully human antibodies.
Habermas and Deleuze on Law and Adjudication

This article stages an encounter between Habermas and Deleuze on law, rights, and adjudication. Most of the article is spent developing Habermas’s concept of adjudication as the application of communicatively generated norms. This application, I argue, involves a complex temporality that is at once retrospective and non-creative. Deleuze is used to critique this concept of adjudication in favor of one based on concrete situations and the creation of new problems. In so doing, I will develop Deleuze’s notorious, and notoriously hostile, remarks on human rights and philosophies of communication by relating them to discourse ethics and to the positive conception of law and judgment that can be drawn from his work.
Quercetin suppresses hypoxia‐induced accumulation of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) through inhibiting protein synthesis

Quercetin, a ubiquitous bioactive plant flavonoid, has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and induce the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) in normoxia. In this study, under hypoxic conditions (1% O(2)), we examined the effect of quercetin on the intracellular level of HIF-1alpha and extracellular level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a variety of human cancer cell lines. Surprisingly, we observed that quercetin suppressed the HIF-1alpha accumulation during hypoxia in human prostate cancer LNCaP, colon cancer CX-1, and breast cancer SkBr3 cells. Quercetin treatment also significantly reduced hypoxia-induced secretion of VEGF. Suppression of HIF-1alpha accumulation during treatment with quercetin in hypoxia was not prevented by treatment with 26S proteasome inhibitor MG132 or PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Interestingly, hypoxia (1% O(2)) in the presence of 100 microM quercetin inhibited protein synthesis by 94% during incubation for 8 h. Significant quercetin concentration-dependent inhibition of protein synthesis and suppression of HIF-1alpha accumulation were observed under hypoxic conditions. Treatment with 100 microM cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, replicated the effect of quercetin by inhibiting HIF-1alpha accumulation during hypoxia. These results suggest that suppression of HIF-1alpha accumulation during treatment with quercetin under hypoxic conditions is due to inhibition of protein synthesis.