cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Accuracy of Personality Judgments by the Self and Knowledgeable Others

ABSTRACT In this article we compare the accuracy of personality judgments by the self and by knowledgeable others. Self- and acquaintance judgments of general personality attributes were used to predict general, videotaped behavioral criteria. Results slightly favored the predictive validity of personality judgments made by single acquaintances over self-judgments, and significantly favored the aggregated personality judgments of two acquaintances over self-judgments. These findings imply that the most valid source for personality judgments that are relevant to patterns of overt behavior may not be self-reports but the consensus of the judgment of the community of one's peers.
Multifocal neuropathy as the presenting symptom of Purkinje cell cytoplasmic autoantibody‐1

Introduction: Patients with Purkinje cell cytoplasmic autoantibody type 1 (PCA-1-IgG, a.k.a. anti-Yo) classically present with a paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by subacute onset cerebellar ataxia with rapid progression. Recently, a broader spectrum of neurological presentations has been recognized, which include peripheral neuropathy, but detailed case descriptions are lacking. Methods: A patient presented with a painful progressive multifocal sensorimotor polyneuropathy including face pain. Whole body positron emission tomography (PET), exploratory abdominal laparotomy and nerve biopsy were combined with serial neurological examinations and neuro-immunological testing to diagnose and determine treatment. Results: PCA-1 autoimmunity was identified. Although a PET scan failed to detect a tumor, the patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy, given the strong association of PCA-1-IgG autoantibodies with underlying malignancy. The patient was diagnosed with an ovarian lymphoepithelial cancer that was subsequently treated with chemotherapy. Conclusions: PCA-1-IgG autoantibodies can occur in the setting of peripheral neuropathy and predict type of cancer. Multifocal neuropathy with face pain and treatment-resistance is a specific clinical pattern associated with PCA-1-IgG autoantibodies and ovarian cancer. Muscle Nerve 48:827–831, 2013
Comment on "Tropospheric temperature response to stratospheric ozone recovery in the 21st century" by Hu et al. (2011)

Abstract. Stratospheric ozone recovery is expected to figure prominently in twenty-first century climate change. In a recent paper, Hu et al. (2011) argue that one impact of ozone recovery will be to enhance the warming of the surface-troposphere system produced by increases in well-mixed greenhouse gases. Furthermore, this enhanced warming would be strongest in the Northern Hemisphere, which is surprising since previous studies have consistently shown the effects of stratospheric ozone changes to be most pronounced in the Southern Hemisphere. Hu et al. (2011) base their claims largely on differences in the simulated temperature change between two groups of CMIP3 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 3) climate models, one group which included stratospheric ozone recovery in its twenty-first century simulations and a second group which did not. Both groups of models were forced with the same increases in well-mixed greenhouse gases according to the A1B emissions scenario. In the current work, we compare the surface temperature responses of the same two groups of models in a different experiment in which atmospheric CO2 was increased by 1% per year until doubling. We find remarkably similar differences in the simulated surface temperature change between the two sets of models as Hu et al. (2011) found for the A1B experiment, suggesting that the enhanced warming which they attribute to stratospheric ozone recovery is actually a reflection of different responses of the two model groups to greenhouse gas forcing.
Channel blocking properties of a series of nicotinic cholinergic agonists

Inhibition of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) by channel blockade has been demonstrated with a variety of large organic cations, including several nicotinic agonists. We have studied the kinetics of channel blocking of a series of agonists which vary systematically in size and hydrophobicity due to a hydrocarbon chain from one to six carbons in length, as well as one agonist with a tertiary isomer of one hydrocarbon chain. Single-channel recording was used in combination with three different analysis techniques for determining the kinetic and equilibrium parameters of channel blockade. With an increasing number of methylenes, the blocking rates were essentially constant and the unblocking rates decreased exponentially. This is consistent with studies of the blocking properties of alcohols at the nAChR channel. Also, a linear decrease in the depth to which the larger agonists penetrate the membrane spanning region of the channel was observed. The three smaller agonists, however, all traverse approximately 75% of the membrane field, in agreement with previous measurements of the location of the narrowest region of the channel, the selectivity filter.
Individual Sociodemographic Characteristics Associated With Hospitalization for Pediatric Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions

This study examined the association of individual socio- demographic characteristics with pediatric ambulatory care sensitive con- dition (ACSC) hospitalizations in American hospitals while controlling for selected hospital characteristics. Data came from the 1994 National Hospital Discharge Survey. Bivariate statistical comparisons were per- formed to test the differences between ACSC and non-ACSC hospitaliza- tion rates in patient demographic and hospital characteristics. Logistic regression was followed to examine the relative significance of patient and hospital characteristics associated with pediatric ACSC hospitalizations. Such individual sociodemographic characteristics as age, race, and insur- ance status were significant predictors of ACSC hospitalization. Younger children were more likely to have ACSC hospitalization than older ones. Black children were 1.653 times more likely than white children to be hos- pitalized for ACSC (confidence interval = 1.53-1.79). Those with Medic- aid or no secondary insurance were more likely to be hospitalized for ACSC than those with private insurance or with secondary insurance.
The role of pharmacognosy in modern medicine

Drugs of natural origin continue to be important for the treatment of many diseases worldwide. Pharmacognosy, a long-established pharmaceutical science, has played a diverse role in the discovery, characterisation, production and standardisation of these drugs. The relevance of this discipline in terms of research and teaching has increased in the last decade as members of the public in developed countries have turned to the use of herbal remedies for the self-medication of minor diseases. However, many phytomedicines require further investigation for their clinical effectiveness, while others need to be thoroughly investigated for their potential health risks or interactions with prescription drugs.
The flu shot study: Using multiattribute utility theory to design a vaccination intervention☆

Differences between the multiattribute utility (MAU) profiles of participants who had previously gotten flu shots and those who had not done so were used to design an informational brochure urging influenza vaccination. The effectiveness of the MAU brochure was evaluated in a VA ambulatory care clinic with a long-standing influenza vaccination program. The target population for the intervention was high-risk clinic patients who had not gotten a shot the previous year. Participants received either a letter urging them to get a flu shot, or a letter plus the informational brochure. A significantly larger proportion of the patients who received the brochure got shots; 36% versus 23% for the letter only. While a 13 percentage point increase is modest, influenza and related complications (preventable through vaccination) are the fourth-leading killers of older persons. Adding a MAU-based brochure to an ongoing vaccination program is inexpensive and may save additional lives.
Lost in a Good Book: Jorge Borges’ Inescapable Labyrinth

“Entrance” is a marvelous example of a heteronym, a word endowed with (at least) two separate pronunciations, each of which has a meaning distinct from the others. In this case, in the context of what I am writing about, the two pronunciations and meanings complement each other very well: Entrance, a place to enter, and: Entrance, to delight and fill with wonder.
Romani Refugees and the Postwar Order

Scholarship on Romani (Gypsy) migration has typically focused either on longue duree patterns of persecution and marginalization or on Roma migrants within Europe since the fall of communism. This article shows how the westward migration of Roma after the Second World War and during the early years of the Cold War breaks with several common assumptions about the history of displaced persons, refugees, and Roma alike. Contrary to claims about unbroken continuities in the persecution of European Roma, in the immediate postwar years officers of the International Refugee Organization used ‘Gypsy' as a privileged category that improved an applicant’s changes of getting support from the organization. Internationalization thus offered a brief respite from discrimination for one of the only ethnic refugee groups without its own lobby. This situation changed by the 1950s, when national refugee administrations replaced the earlier international refugee regimes established in the wake of the war. Roma became an exce...
Prediction of Heat Transfer With Cavity Flow Modeling for Engine Design

In this paper, in order to improve temperature prediction, 2D axisymmetric CFD analysis has been implemented to determine the cavity flow network in Finite Difference Method (FDM) thermal analysis model. With this work process, for example, the complex recirculation of cavity flow can be considered in FDM thermal analysis.In the beginning, the rig test of simplified cavity with rotating disk and PIV measurement are carried out to investigate the flow structure in the cavity and to validate CFD analysis. CFD result has matched well with the measurement data of PIV, and it has been found that SST k-ω turbulent model provides the most reliable result by the sensitivity study. The study result also helps to choose the most suitable scheme of discretization and the method of pressure correction. Then, the modeling of the cavity flow network based on CFD analysis result has been applied to the thermal analysis for the aero-engine. Compared with the measured data, the result with this modeling shows that temperature prediction has been well improved.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Using optical interferometry for GEO satellites imaging: an update

We describe multi-baseline observations of a geostationary satellite using the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer (NPOI) during the glint season of March 2015. We succeeded in detecting DirecTV-7S with an interferometer baseline length of 8.8 m on two nights, with a brief simultaneous detection at 9.8 m baseline length on the second night. These baseline lengths correspond to a resolution of ~4 m at geostationary altitude. This is the first multiple-baseline interferometric detection of a satellite.
Physical and Formal Aspects of Computation: Exploiting Physics for Computation and Exploiting Computation for Physical Purposes

Achieving greater speeds and densities in the post-Moore’s Law era will require computation to be more like the physical processes by which it is realized. Therefore we explore the essence of computation, that is, what distinguishes computational processes from other physical processes. We consider such issues as the topology of information processing, programmability, and universality. We summarize general characteristics of analog computation, quantum computation, and field computation, in which data is spatially continuous. Computation is conventionally used for information processing, but since the computation governs physical processes, it can also be used as a way of moving matter and energy on a microscopic scale. This provides an approach to programmable matter and programmed assembly of physical structures. We discuss artificial morphogenesis, which uses the formal structure of embryological development to coordinate the behavior of a large number of agents to assemble complex hierarchical structures. We explain that this close correspondence between computational and physical processes is characteristic of embodied computation, in which computation directly exploits physical processes for computation, or for which the physical consequences of computation are the purpose of the computation.
Adolph Sutro and the Ruins of the Sutro Baths

The Sutro Baths (1894-1966) was a glass enclosed natatorium complex comprised of several large swimming pools innovatively engineered with an elaborate pipe system that drew water directly from the ocean. Completed in 1894 and opened officially to the public in 1896, it was also home to an eclectic museum and three restaurants. Adolph Sutro (1830-1899) designed the natatorium as part of a larger entertainment development that included a Bavarian inspired castle known as the Cliff House, a tree-lined park with classical statues, and an amusement parkway. During its first decades, the Sutro Baths was host to elaborate aquatic performances, orchestras, and vaudeville-style entertainments. Located in what was, at the time, the desolate inhospitably foggy area of San Francisco, it was an affordable entertainment for individuals from a wide variety of socio-economic backgrounds, even having its own rail line to take visitors from and back to the more densely populated areas of the city. Since 1966, the ruins of the burned and demolished baths have been left to the devices of nature, except for the occasional painting over of graffiti. This paper presents an iconographical analysis of the Sutro Baths ruins. Drawing directly from Erwin Panofsky's (1892-1968) iconological theory, in addition to Walter Benjamin's (1892-1940) definition of the aura, the following analysis will include an assessment of the ruins' expressive qualities, first through a visit to the site, followed by a brief biographical overview of its creator, Adolph Sutro, and concluding with a summary of the historical context of the site. This analysis will reveal ideas of amusement, cultural edification, and the nineteenth century architectural interest in the containment of nature within artificial environments. In direct contrast to this containment or mastery of nature is posed the paradox of the architectural ruin and the slow steady reclamation of nature.
Multi-kilowatt diffractive coherent combining of pseudorandom-modulated fiber amplifiers

We report efficient coherent beam combining of five kW-class fiber amplifiers seeded with pseudorandom phase-modulated light, using a 1×5 diffractive optical element (DOE). Each fiber amplifier channel was path length matched, actively polarized, and provided approximately 1.2 kW of near diffraction-limited output power (M2<1.1). A low-power sample of the combined beam after the DOE provided an error signal for active phase stabilization. After phase stabilization, the beams were coherently combined via the DOE. Notably, a total output power of ∼5 kW was achieved with 82% combining efficiency and excellent beam quality (M2<1.1). The intrinsic DOE splitter loss was 5%. Additional losses due in part to nonideal polarization, amplified spontaneous emission content, uncorrelated wavefront errors, and fractional beam misalignments contributed to the efficiency reduction. Overall, multi-kW beam combining of pseudorandom-modulated fiber amplifiers was demonstrated for the first time.
A 190GFLOPS/W DSP for energy-efficient sparse-BLAS in embedded IoT

A DSP for sparse-BLAS is realized in 40nm CMOS. Featuring an efficient data stream reordering scheme and an intelligent, CSC-aware memory controller, the DSP achieves a peak energy efficiency of 190 GFLOPS/W at 0.6V, 160MHz, and a peak performance of 4.12 GFLOPS at 1V, 515MHz showing more than 6,600×, 2,700×, 1,100×, and 450× higher energy efficiency than state-of-the-art CPU, GPU, DSP, and FPGA hardware designs, respectively.
Clinical risk stratification in patients with surgically resectable micropapillary bladder cancer

Objective To analyse survival in patients with clinically localised, surgically resectable micropapillary bladder cancer (MPBC) undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) with and without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and develop risk strata based on outcome data. Patients and methods A review of our database identified 103 patients with surgically resectable (≤cT4acN0 cM0) MPBC who underwent RC. Survival estimates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method and compared using log-rank tests. Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was performed to identify risk groups for survival. Results For the entire cohort, estimated 5-year overall survival and disease-specific survival (DSS) rates were 52% and 58%, respectively. CART analysis identified three risk subgroups: low-risk: cT1, no hydronephrosis; high-risk: ≥cT2, no hydronephrosis; and highest-risk: cTany with tumour-associated hydronephrosis. The 5-year DSS for the low-, high-, and highest-risk groups were 92%, 51%, and 17%, respectively (P Conclusion In patients with surgically resectable MPBC, NAC appears to confer benefit to patients with muscle-invasive disease without hydronephrosis, while patients with cT1 disease can proceed to upfront RC. Patients with hydronephrosis do not appear to respond well to NAC and have poor prognosis regardless of treatment paradigm. However, further external validation studies are needed to support the proposed risk stratification before treatment recommendations can be made.
Comparative Phylogenomic Assessment of Mitochondrial Introgression among Several Species of Chipmunks (TAMIAS)

Many species are not completely reproductively isolated, resulting in hybridization and genetic introgression. Organellar genomes, such as those derived from mitochondria (mtDNA) and chloroplasts, introgress frequently in natural systems; however, the forces shaping patterns of introgression are not always clear. Here, we investigate extensive mtDNA introgression in western chipmunks, focusing on species in the Tamias quadrivittatus group from the central and southern Rocky Mountains. Specifically, we investigate the role of selection in driving patterns of introgression. We sequenced 51 mtDNA genomes from six species and combine these sequences with other published genomic data to yield annotated mitochondrial reference genomes for nine species of chipmunks. Genomic characterization was performed using a series of molecular evolutionary and phylogenetic analyses to test protein-coding genes for positive selection. We fit a series of maximum likelihood models using a model-averaging approach, assessed deviations from neutral expectations, and performed additional tests to search for codons under the influence of selection. We found no evidence for positive selection among these genomes, suggesting that selection has not been the driving force of introgression in these species. Thus, extensive mtDNA introgression among several species of chipmunks likely reflects genetic drift of introgressed alleles in historically fluctuating populations.
Gender differences in use of hearing protection devices among farm operators

Purpose: Although farm operators have frequent exposure to hazardous noise and high rates of noise-induced hearing loss, they have low use of hearing protection devices (HPDs). Women represent about one-third of farm operators, and their numbers are climbing. However, among published studies examining use of HPDs in this worker group, none have examined gender-related differences. The purpose of this study was to examine gender-related differences in use of hearing protection and related predictors among farm operators. Materials and Methods: Data previously collected at farm shows and by telephone were analyzed using t -tests and generalized linear model with zero inflated negative binomial (ZINB) distribution. Findings: The difference in rate of hearing protector use between men and women farm operators was not significant. There was no difference between men and women in most hearing protector-related attitudes and beliefs. Conclusion: Although men and women farm operators had similar rates of use of hearing protectors when working in high-noise environments, attitudes about HPD use differed. Specifically, interpersonal role modeling was a predictor of HPD use among women, but not for men. This difference suggests that while farm operators of both genders may benefit from interventions designed to reduce barriers to HPD use (e.g., difficulty communicating with co-workers and hearing warning sounds), farm women have unique needs in relation to cognitive-perceptual factors that predict HPD use. Women farm operators may lack role models for use of HPDs (e.g., in peers and advertising), contributing to their less frequent use of protection.
Multilevel Caves and Landscape Evolution

Multilevel caves are formed by periods of water table stability punctuated by changes in the position of the water table. These cave systems are hydrologically linked to regional rivers and can be used to date episodes of river stability and incision. The measurement of cosmogenic radioisotopes in cave sediments yields a burial age for the sediment, which in turn equates to the time of passage abandonment due to water-table lowering. Karst geomorphologists and others are using burial dates from multilevel caves to calculate Plio-Pleistocene rates of river incision, tectonic uplift, and erosion in various parts of the world.
On Thin Ice: Radar Identification of thin and not so thin Layers in Hydrological Media

Abstract Many remote sensing systems have been tried or proposed for identifying interfaces in surface and subsurface media 3 , 4 As an example we consider here the use of short pulse radar applied to ice layers. A computational system is required which will clearly mark reflections from interfaces while suppressing other unwanted responses as much as possible, so that automated layer detection is possible. This is achieved using a straight forward, band limited inverse filter, modified by a time dependent penalty weighting procedure. Contrasting model dependent techniques must be applied to reflections from thin ice, in which returns from top and bottom surfaces and multiples are not separated. The same techniques which succeed here should be applicable to other sufficiently non-dissipative media featuring layers with contrasting dielectric constants.
ROSCA Composition and Repayment: Evidence from Taiwanese Bidding ROSCAs

ABSTRACTRotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs) are widespread and remain a key financial management tool for poor individuals. We analyse data from Taiwanese bidding ROSCAs and focus on how social relationships within the group influence contribution behaviour and ROSCA failure. We find that less socially-connected participants were more likely to receive the pot early in the cycle, which increases their incentive to default, yet contrary to accepted wisdom groups including more outsiders were not more likely to experience repayment problems. Our results highlights how bidding ROSCAs can be a versatile device that provide profitable savings while allowing for emergency credit.
Semi-autonomous mobility assistance for power wheelchair users navigating crowded environments

Power wheelchair users suffering from cognitive or physical impairment often face difficulties in maneuvering their wheelchairs through crowded environments. Currently, users need to be continuously aware of all traffic around them to actively avoid all collisions. This is an especially difficult task since many wheelchair users are unable to accurately view or perceive their surroundings. Additionally, imprecise joystick control, slowed reaction time, or imperfect interpretation of the environment can lead to unintended collisions with objects in the environment. This work looks to augment user's input with data gathered from an ultrasonic sensor ring to prevent accidental collisions. Using data gathered from the sensors, we detect objects within a certain radius of the chair. This sensor information is combined with the user input from a joystick to generate a potential field description for the intended motion of the wheelchair. An optimal motion vector is calculated which works to avoid collision with obstacles. Ultimately, this control method reduces the cognitive load on the user and enables them to navigate complex environments by providing simple and/or imprecise input to the system.
Understanding How Acoustic Vibrations Modulate the Optical Response of Plasmonic Metal Nanoparticles.

Measurements of acoustic vibrations in nanoparticles provide an opportunity to study mechanical phenomena at nanometer length scales and picosecond time scales. Vibrations in noble-metal nanoparticles have attracted particular attention because they couple to plasmon resonances in the nanoparticles, leading to strong modulation of optical absorption and scattering. There are three mechanisms that transduce the mechanical oscillations into changes in the plasmon resonance: (1) changes in the nanoparticle geometry, (2) changes in electron density due to changes in the nanoparticle volume, and (3) changes in the interband transition energies due to compression/expansion of the nanoparticle (deformation potential). These mechanisms have been studied in the past to explain the origin of the experimental signals; however, a thorough quantitative connection between the coupling of phonon and plasmon modes has not yet been made, and the separate contribution of each coupling mechanism has not yet been quantified....
Allosteric Opening of the Polypeptide-Binding Site When an Hsp70 Binds ATP

The 70 kD heat shock proteins (Hsp70s) are ubiquitous and highly conserved molecular chaperones essential for cellular protein folding and proteostasis. Each Hsp70 has two functional domains: a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) that binds and hydrolyzes ATP, and a substrate-binding domain (SBD) that binds extended polypeptides. NBD and SBD interact little when in ADP; however, ATP binding allosterically couples the polypeptide- and ATP-binding sites. ATP binding promotes polypeptide release; polypeptide rebinding stimulates ATP hydrolysis. This allosteric coupling was poorly understood. To explore the molecular mechanism of this essential ATP-induced allosteric coupling, we solved a crystal structure of an intact Hsp70 from E. coli in complex with ATP at 1.96 A resolution. NBD-ATP adopts a unique conformation, forming extensive interfaces with a radically changed SBD that has its α-helical lid displaced and the polypeptide-binding pocket of its β-subdomain flipped open. Our biochemical analysis inspired by this structure provides a long-sought mechanistic explanation of how ATP binding allosterically opens the polypeptide-binding site.
Phase 1B of ibrutinib and high-dose methotrexate for recurrent/refractory CNS lymphoma.

7533Background: Primary CNS Lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive primary brain tumor. Outcome and treatment options for patients with recurrent/refractory (r/r) disease are poor. We have observed prom...
Dynamical energy systems and modern physics: Fostering the science and spirit of complementary and alternative medicine

When systems theory is carefully applied to the concept of energy, some novel and far-reaching implications for modern physics and complementary medicine emerge. The heart of systems theory is dynamic interactions: systems do not simply act on systems, they interact with them in complex ways. By definition, systems at any level (e.g., physical, biological, social, ecological) are open to information, energy, and matter to varying degrees, and therefore interact with other systems to varying degrees. We first show how resonance between two tuning forks, a classic demonstration in physics, can be seen to reflect synchronized dynamic interactions over time. We then derive how the dynamic interaction of systems in mutual recurrent feedback relationships naturally create dynamic "memories" for their interactions over time. The mystery of how a photon (or electron) "knows" ahead of time whether to function as a particle or wave in the single slit/double slit quantum physics paradigm is potentially solved when energetic interactions inherent in the experimental system are recognized. The observation that energy decreases with the square of distance is shown not to be immutable when viewed from a dynamical energy systems perspective. Implications for controversial claims in complementary and alternative medicine, such as memory for molecules retained in water (homeopathy), remote diagnosis, and prayer and healing, are considered. A dynamical energy systems framework can facilitate the development of what might be termed "relationship consciousness," which has the potential to nurture both the science and spirit of complementary medicine and might help to create integrated medicine.
Abstract 249: Quality of Medical Advice Provided Online Between Anonymous Members of a Message Board for Implanted Defibrillator Patients

Background: As therapeutic interventions across medicine increase in complexity, most patients use the internet to research health issues to inform decisions, including whether or not to accept cer...
Characterization of the helicon plasma flux to the target of Proto-MPEX

Abstract The ITER divertor will have to handle the boundary plasma power exhaust in the form of high heat and particle flux. The Prototype Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment (Proto-MPEX) is a plasma source development device for the proposed Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment (MPEX), which is intended to create fusion reactor divertor-like plasma conditions for studying plasma material interactions. Here, ion fluxes to various targets within Proto-MPEX are found to be 5 ± 2.5 × 1023 m−2s-1 when using only a helicon plasma source. The fluxes along the flux tube are compared for both 30 cm in front of the target and a few cm in front of the target. The emission intensity fall-off distance in front of the target is studied via Balmer series from a visible camera looking at the target. This fall-off distance of ∼2–4 cm and the dissociation and ionization mean free path of D2 being over 0.5 m leads to a conclusion that Proto-MPEX is not in a high recycling regime with helicon only plasmas.
Myristoylated rhinovirus VP4 protein activates TLR2-dependent proinflammatory gene expression.

Asthma exacerbations are often caused by rhinovirus (RV). We and others have shown that Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), a membrane surface receptor that recognizes bacterial lipopeptides and lipoteich...
National Patterns of Care and Fertility Outcomes for Reproductive-aged Women with Endometrial Cancer or Atypical Hyperplasia

Background Although it is uncommon, the incidence of endometrial cancer and atypical hyperplasia among reproductive-aged women is increasing. The fertility outcomes in this population are not well described. Objective We aim to describe the patterns of care and fertility outcomes of reproductive-aged women with endometrial cancer or atypical hyperplasia. Materials and Methods A cohort of women aged ≤45 years with endometrial cancer or atypical hyperplasia diagnosed in 2000 to 2014 were identified in Truven Marketscan, an insurance claims database of commercially insured patients in the United States. Treatment information, including use of progestin therapy, hysterectomy, and assisted fertility services, was identified and collected using a combination of Common Procedural Terminology codes, International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems codes, and National Drug Codes. Pregnancy events were identified from claims data using a similar technique. Patients were categorized as receiving progestin therapy alone, progestin therapy followed by hysterectomy, or standard surgical management with hysterectomy alone. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess factors associated with receiving fertility-sparing treatment. Results A total of 4007 reproductive-aged patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer or atypical hyperplasia were identified. The majority of these patients (n = 3189; 79.6%) received standard surgical management. Of the 818 patients treated initially with progestins, 397 (48.5%) subsequently underwent hysterectomy, whereas 421 (51.5%) did not. Patients treated with progestin therapy had a lower median age than those who received standard surgical management (median age, 36 vs 41 years; P Conclusion The number of patients who received fertility-sparing treatment for endometrial cancer or atypical hyperplasia increased over time. However, the proportion of women who experience a live birth following these diagnoses is relatively small.
Status competition among Russia, India, and China in clubs: a source of stalemate or innovation in global governance

ABSTRACTThe conventional wisdom in international relations is that rising powers seek additional status and influence from the hegemon. But emerging powers may also compete among themselves for sta...
The Initiation of Meiotic Sex Chromosome Inactivation Sequesters DNA Damage Signaling from Autosomes in Mouse Spermatogenesis.

Summary Meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI) is an essential event in the mammalian male germline. MSCI is directed by a DNA damage response (DDR) pathway centered on the phosphorylation of histone variant H2AX at serine 139 (termed γH2AX). The failure to initiate MSCI is linked to complete meiotic arrest and elimination of germ cells; however, the mechanisms underlying this arrest and elimination remain unknown. To address this question, we established a new separation-of-function mouse model for H2ax that shows specific and complete defects in MSCI. The genetic change is a point mutation in which another H2AX amino acid residue important in the DDR, tyrosine 142 (Y142), is converted to alanine (H2ax-Y142A). In H2ax-Y142A meiosis, the establishment of DDR signals on the chromosome-wide domain of the sex chromosomes is impaired. The initiation of MSCI is required for stage progression, which enables crossover formation, suggesting that the establishment of MSCI permits the timely progression of male meiosis. Our results suggest that normal meiotic progression requires the removal of ATR-mediated DDR signaling from autosomes. We propose a novel biological function for MSCI: the initiation of MSCI sequesters DDR factors from autosomes to the sex chromosomes at the onset of the pachytene stage, and the subsequent formation of an isolated XY nuclear compartment—the XY body—sequesters DDR factors to permit meiotic progression from the mid-pachytene stage onward. Video Abstract Download : Download video (33MB)
Late-Life Depression: A Narrative Review on Risk Factors and Prevention

LEARNING OBJECTIVES After participating in this activity, learners should be better able to:• Identify risk factors for late-life depression• Evaluate strategies to prevent late-life depression ABSTRACT: Late-life depression (LLD) is one of the major sources of morbidity and mortality in the world. Because LLD is related to increased public health burden, excess health care costs and utilization, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality, prevention is a priority. Older adults differ from younger adults with respect to key features, such as their chronicity and lifetime burden of depression and their constellation of comorbidities and risk factors. LLD likely arises from a complex interplay of risk factors, including medical, physiologic, psychosocial, behavioral, and environmental factors. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of LLD risk factors is necessary to inform prevention strategies. In this narrative literature review, we address both the risk architecture of LLD and several potential strategies for prevention. Our description of LLD risk factors and prevention approaches is informed by the framework developed by the National Academy of Medicine (formerly, Institute of Medicine), which includes indicated, selective, and universal approaches to prevention.
Chapter 4 – Reconfiguration Management

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a variety of methods proposed and used to reduce and in some cases to remove reconfiguration overhead, including various configuration architecture designs, scheduling, and caching techniques, and ways to reduce the configuration data size. The difficulty of clock speed increases and power consumption concerns motivate reconfigurable computing as an important technique to advance digital design, implementing compute-intensive application tasks in reconfigurable hardware. However, the performance and power penalty of reconfiguration has the real potential to overwhelm its benefits. In many cases, several approaches can be combined to further reduce the overhead. For example, relocation and defragmentation architectural features facilitate advanced configuration scheduling mechanisms that load configurations in advance of their use to minimize processor stall time during reconfiguration. Likewise, a configuration cache can be combined with a relocation- and defragmentation-enabled design that uses a staging area, providing a wide path to configuration memory to decrease transfer time. This in turn can be combined with wildcarding to allow multiple identical rows or columns to be configured simultaneously. Such combined methods allow reconfigurable computing system designers to effectively minimize reconfiguration overhead and to provide the full benefit of reconfigurable computing in future computing systems.
A Virtual Plant for Integrated Continuous Manufacturing of a Carfilzomib Drug Substance Intermediate, Part 3: Manganese-Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation, Crystallization, and Filtration

This article describes the process characterization and development of models to inform a process control strategy to prepare (R,R)-epoxy ketone 2, an intermediate in the manufacture of carfilzomib...
Euphorbia bicolor (Euphorbiaceae) latex phytochemicals and applications to analgesia

Abstract Many Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) species have been reported to have medicinal properties. The present chapter discusses the pain-relieving properties of the Euphorbia genus, with an emphasis on Euphorbia bicolor latex extract, and presents evidence of the effects of several identified phytochemicals that may underlie the observed analgesia. It was recently reported that E. bicolor latex extract induces nonopioid, long-lasting analgesia via direct action on sensory nerves, modulating inflammatory mediators, and reducing oxidative stress. Mass spectrometry of the E. bicolor latex extract has thus far identified 11 phytochemicals belonging to four major groups: coumestans (coumestrol), diterpenes (abietic acid, resiniferatoxin), flavonoids (chalcone, kaempferol, naringenin, quercetin, rutin), and isoflavones (biochanin A, daidzein, genistein). The literature indicates that these phytochemicals target discrete mechanisms that contribute to the pain-relieving properties of E. bicolor. Future studies should focus on the synergistic effects of the phytochemicals and the discovery of novel phytochemicals to support the development of new pain therapeutics.
Mixing Zone Concepts

There is no uniform approach to the designation of zones to accommodate liquid waste discharges into an aquatic receiving system without interference with other beneficial uses. This leads to confusion and indecision among dischargers and enforcement agencies. Acceptance of universally adaptable guidelines would initiate understanding and progress. Such conceptual guidelines are proposed, including: initial establishment of the waste capacity of the receiving system; control of mass emission rate of critical materials; adoption of aesthetic criteria; establishment of water quality requirements in the mixing zone based on time exposure history; derivation of specialized criteria to permit overlapping mixing zones; limiting the total region of a waterbody devoted to mixing zones; assessment of damage to biota on a population basis; recognition that limited loss of living area may not be significant to populations; early acknowledgment that siting and discharge design can afford protection to uses; and that a case-by-case approach is essential to wise use of natural resources.
OAK RIDGE RESERVATION PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND NATURAL RESOURCES

The topography, geology, hydrology, vegetation, and wildlife of the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) provide a complex and intricate array of resources that directly impact land stewardship and use decisions (Fig. 1). The purpose of this document is to consolidate general information regarding the natural resources and physical characteristics of the ORR. The ORR, encompassing 33,114 acres (13,401 ha) of federally owned land and three Department of Energy (DOE) installations, is located in Roane and Anderson Counties in east Tennessee, mostly within the corporate limits of the city of Oak Ridge and southwest of the population center of Oak Ridge. The ORR is bordered on the north and east by the population center of the city of Oak Ridge and on the south and west by the Clinch River/Melton Hill Lake impoundment. All areas of the ORR are relatively pristine when compared with the surrounding region, especially in the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province (Fig. 2). From the air, the ORR is clearly a large and nearly continuous island of forest within a landscape that is fragmented by urban development and agriculture. Satellite imagery from 2006 was used to develop a land-use/land-cover cover map of the ORR and surrounding lands (Fig. 3). Following the acquisition of the land comprising the ORR in the early 1940s, much of the Reservation served as a buffer for the three primary facilities: the X-10 nuclear research facility (now known as the Oak Ridge National Laboratory [ORNL]), the first uranium enrichment facility or Y-12 (now known as the Y-12 National Security Complex [Y-12 Complex]), and a gaseous diffusion enrichment facility (now known as the East Tennessee Technology Park [ETTP]). Over the past 60 years, this relatively undisturbed area has evolved into a rich and diverse eastern deciduous forest ecosystem of streams and reservoirs, hardwood forests, and extensive upland mixed forests. The combination of a large land area with complex physical characteristics and diverse natural resources has provided a critical foundation for supporting DOE's environmental research mission, as well as the area in which to build leading-edge facilities.
A Method to Generate Large Common-Sense Knowledge Bases from Online Lexical Resources

This paper presents a general method to automatically build large knowledge bases from online lexical resources. While our experiments were limited to generate a knowledge base from WordNet, an online lexical database, the method is applicable to any type of dictionary organized around the elementary structure lexical entry - denition(s) . The advantages of using WordNet, or richer online resources such as thesauri, as the source of a knowledge base, are outlined.
Co-Participation Networks Using Comment Information

Using comment information available from Digg we define a co-participation network between users. We focus on the analysis of this implicit network, and study the behavioral characteristics of users. We use the comment data and social network derived features to predict the popularity of online content linked at Digg using a classification and regression framework. We also compare network properties of our co-participation network to a previously defined reply-answer network on news forums.
Intelligence on the Web and e-Inclusion

Within the context of Web, the word intelligence is often connected with the visions of Semantic Web and Web 2.0. One of the main characteristic of Semantic Web lies in the fact that information is annotated with metadata and this gives the opportunity of organizing knowledge, extracting new knowledge and performing some basic operations like query answering or inference reasoning. Following this argument, the advent of the Semantic Web is often claimed to bring about substantial progress in Web accessibility (which is part of the e-Inclusion concept). Web 2.0 sites, favoring massive information sharing, could as well be of great importance for e-Inclusion, enabling new forms of social interaction, collective intelligence and new patterns of interpersonal communication. Benefits could be substantial also for people with activity limitations. The paper tries to highlight the possible roles and convergence of Web 2.0 and Semantic Web in favoring e-Inclusion. It highlights the fact that examples of applications of these concepts to the e-Inclusion domain are few and limited to the e-Accessibility field.
Level Structure of Sn 118 and Sn 120 from the Decay of Sb Isotopes

The decay of 5-hr ${\mathrm{Sb}}^{118}$ and 6-day ${\mathrm{Sb}}^{120}$ were studied. The spins, parities, and multipole orders of the transitions in both Sn isotopes are characterized by $7\ensuremath{-}(E2)5\ensuremath{-}(E1)4+(E2)2+(E2)0+$. Level ordering in both isotopes was determined to differ from the previously accepted order. The spins and multipole order assignments were determined from angular correlation and internal conversion measurements in ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{118}$ and from a reinterpretation of similar experimental results by Ikegami for ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{120}$. All $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay is directly to the 7- states. The levels are at 2.57, 2.32, 2.28, and 1.23 Mev in ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{118}$ and 2.50, 2.30, 2.21, and 1.18 Mev in ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{120}$. Half-lives determined using delayed coincidence techniques were as follows: (7-), (2.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ sec; (5-), (2.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ sec in ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{118}$; and (7-), (1.12\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ sec; (5-), (5.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ sec in ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{120}$. Reduced transition probabilities are compared with current theories. No crossover transitions were found in either decay except for a weak 1.090-Mev $E3$ transition from the 5- to 2+ levels in ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{118}$, which has a reduced transition probability close to single-particle speed. Triple coincidence experiments determined a ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{+}$ to capture ratio of (1.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ in the ${\mathrm{Sb}}^{118}$ decay yielding an inferred transition energy of 1.32 Mev.
Targeted Therapy For AIDS-related Kaposi's Sarcoma

Angiogenesis plays a critical in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma. Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are among the angiogenic pathways that have been implicated in the development of Kaposi's sarcoma. The introduction of specific therapies such as imatinib and Col-3 that target the PDGF pathway and MMPs, respectively, provide a mechanism to test the importance of these pathways in Kaposi's sarcoma in vivo. In this session the rationale for targeted therapy in Kaposi's sarcoma will be discussed. The results from recent trials involving anti-angiogenic agents and signal transduction inhibitors will be reviewed. Additionally, trials of targeted therapies that are underway or in development will be outlined. from 2005 International Meeting of The Institute of Human Virology Baltimore, USA, 29 August – 2 September 2005