cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vitellogenin: its structure, synthesis and processing in the cockroach Periplaneta americana.

The vitellogenin in the oocyte of the American cockroach contains three different polypeptides with approximate molecular weights of 123 000, 118 000 and 57 000. These are present in a molar ratio of 2 : 2 : 2; all three contain carbohydrate. The same subunit structure is observed in vitellogenin isolated from hemolymph and in that secreted by fat body in organ culture. The only protein found within fat body by precipitation with female-specific antiserum is a large polypeptide, with a molecular weight of approx. 250 000. No mature vitellogenin subunits are found in fat body, even after pulsing with labeled amino acids and chasing with unlabeled substrates for up to 4 h. These data suggest that vitellogenin is synthesized in the fat body as a large precursor, which is processed to smaller polypeptides upon secretion into the hemolymph.
Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH2 induces penile erection via brain and spinal melanocortin receptors.

Penile erection induced by alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and melanocortin receptors (MC-R) in areas of the spinal cord and periphery has not been demonstrated. To elucidate sites of the proerectile action of melanocortin peptides, in awake male rats we administered the MC-R agonist Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH(2) (MT-II) i.c.v., intrathecal (i.th.) and i.v. and scored penile erection and yawning. Injection of the MC-R antagonist Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-DNal(2')-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH(2) (SHU-9119) i.c.v. or i.th. in combination with i.th. MT-II differentiated spinal from supraspinal effects. To exclude a site of action in the penis, we recorded intracavernous pressure responses to intracavernosal injection of MT-II in the anesthetized rat.I.c.v., i.th., and i.v. MT-II induced penile erections in a dose-dependent fashion. Yawning was observed with i.c.v. and i.v. MT-II, while spinal injection did not produce this behavior. Intrathecal delivery of MT-II to the lumbosacral spinal cord was more efficacious in inducing erections than i.c.v. or i.v. administration; SHU-9119 blocked the erectile responses to i.th. MT-II when injected i.th. but not i.c.v. Intracavernosal MT-II neither increased intracavernous pressure nor augmented neurostimulated erectile responses. We confirmed the central proerectile activity of MT-II and demonstrated that in addition to a site of action in the brain, the distal spinal cord contains melanocortin receptors that can initiate penile erection independent of higher centers. These results provide new insight into the central melanocortinergic pathways that mediate penile erection and may allow for more efficacious melanotropin-based therapy for erectile dysfunction.
The Determination of Impurities in 233UO2 by Spark Source Mass Spectrometry

Abstract A method for the determination of impurities in 233UO2 has been developed and applied to the analysis of a product stream of ceramic grade 233UO2 powder. The analytical method has combined isotope dilution and internal standard methods to permit the determination of impurities at concentrations between 0.1 and 500 ppm in a single sample.
Defending Interpretations of Literary Texts: The Effects of Topoi Instruction on the Literary Arguments of High School Students

The study of literature has many important benefits for students, but research shows that students often have difficulty interpreting literary texts, are unable to read critically, and are challenged to write interpretations that go beyond basic plot summary. This article provides a theoretical interpretation of the processes by which students read, represent, and make effective analytical arguments about literary texts. To illustrate how this framework can be utilized in the classroom, we briefly discuss an instructional intervention in which high school students were taught to improve their analytical writing about literature through training in the “topoi” of literary analysis, and a cognitive writing strategy based on the self-regulated strategy development model of S. Graham and K. Harris. The implications for teaching students about the analysis of literary texts are discussed.
Association of monuron in chloroplasts in relation to inhibition of hill reaction

Abstract The absorption of monuron by spinach chloroplasts from aqueous suspension medium and its relation to the inhibition of Hill reaction has been investigated using 14C-labeled monuron. Attempts were made to estimate the distribution of monuron within the chloroplast. Two compartments were found to exist for monuron absorption. The association of monuron in compartment 1 was responsible for the inhibition of Hill reaction; the compound could be removed from the chloroplast by washing, with concomitant restoration of activity. The amount of monuron absorbed by the chloroplasts correlated with the degree of inhibition regardless of oxidant (Fe(CN)63−, DPIP, or NADP+) used, pH of the reaction mixture, light intensity, or chloroplast integrity. Monuron absorption by the chloroplast increased with a shift in pH of the reaction medium from 7·8 to 6·8. However, this increase of uptake was mainly due to an increase of inactive binding site. A study of the activation energy between the monuron molecule and the binding sites of the chloroplast revealed that the association was due to some very weak physical adsorption.
Strongly annular functions with small Taylor coefficients

Daniel D. Bonar 1, Frank Carroll 2, and George Piranian 3 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023, USA 2 Department of Mathematics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA a Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
In vitro transcription of the TATAA-less mouse thymidylate synthase promoter: multiple transcription start points and evidence for bidirectionality.

Abstract The mouse thymidylate synthase (TS) promoter (pTS) lacks a TATAA box and an initiator element, and has multiple transcription start points (tsp) located across a 90-bp region. We have developed an in vitro transcription system for pTS using circular templates and nuclear extracts from HeLa cells or mouse 3T6 fibroblasts. The amount of RNA synthesized and the locations of the tsp were determined by S1 nuclease protection assays. The transcription system reproduced the complex pattern of in vivo tsp, except that the downstream tsp were used preferentially. The reaction temperature, concentrations of DNA template and MgCl2, and incubation time were optimized. The pTS core region contains binding sites for the Sp1 and Ets transcription factors. Inactivation of the Spl-binding element led to a twofold reduction in transcription and a preferential use of upstream tsp. Inactivation of the Ets-binding element, which reduced promoter activity tenfold in vivo, had only a minor effect in vitro. Addition of a strong initiator element introduced a new tsp, but did not eliminate the complex tsp pattern. To determine if pTS had bidirectional promoter activity, the promoter was inverted and analyzed for transcriptional activity. The inverted promoter was found to initiate transcription at multiple tsp and had approximately the same strength as the normal pTS.
There's No Substitute: The Politics of Time Transfer in the Teaching Profession

Recent scholarly attention has turned to the imbalance of work time in the United States. Although some workers experience overwork, others remain underemployed, often in contingent employment. Sch...
An experimental investigation of viscous heating in some simple shear flows

Theoretical investigations of viscous heating in the flow of fluids with an exponential dependence of viscosity on temperature have shown that, for a given shear stress, two shear rates are possible. Above a critical value, the stress decreases as the shear rate increases. The present work is an experimental study of this phenomenon in plane and circular Couette flows and in cylindrical Poiseuille flow. ArochlorR 1260, a high viscosity Newtonian fluid with an extremely sensitive viscosity-temperature dependence is used as the test fluid. The results clearly show that two shear rates for Couette flow exist for one measured wall shear stress. Because of the viscosity-pressure dependence of the fluid, the Poiseuille flow results are inconclusive.
Childhood relationships, adult coping resources and depression.

Abstract Underlying the design of most adult epidemiologic stress-distress studies is the assumption that only social factors deriving from individuals' current environments or very recent pasts impact on their mental health status. The present study examined the link between perceived early parent-child relations and adult depressive symptomatology. It was hypothesized that (1) perceived dysfunctional early parent-child relationships correlate with adult depressive symptomatology and (2) adult internal personality resources (level of autonomy-dependency and internal-external locus of control) mediate this relationship. A cohort of students beginning medical school was administered self-report questionnaires measuring the above variables (final N = 153, 73% response rate). Using correlational and regression analysis, hypothesis 1 was supported and hypothesis 2 was partially supported. The authors discuss alternative causal interpretations of the correlational findings, and recommend future studies of the social origins of psychopathology which embrace a total life cycle model. These studies should ideally reflect interdisciplinary theoretical perspectives and encompass long-term prospective research designs or greater attention to the construction and validation of instruments for improved retrospective assessments.
Two-band superconductor magnesium diboride

This review focuses on the most important features of the 40 K superconductor MgB2—the weakly interacting multiple bands (the σ and π bands) and the distinct multiple superconducting energy gaps (the σ and π gaps). Even though the pairing mechanism of superconductor MgB2 is the conventional electron–phonon coupling, the prominent influence of the two bands and two gaps on its properties sets it apart from other superconductors. It leads to markedly different behaviors in upper critical field, vortex structure, magnetoresistance and many other superconducting and normal-state properties in MgB2 from single-band superconductors. Further, it gives rise to new physics that does not exist in single-band superconductors, such as the internal Josephson effects between the two order parameters. These unique phenomena depend sensitively on scattering inside and between the two bands, and the intraband and interband scattering can be modified by chemical substitution and irradiation. MgB2 has brought unprecedented attention to two-band superconductivity, which has been found to exist in other old and new superconductors. The legacy of MgB2 will be long lasting because of this, as well as the lessons it teaches in terms of the search for new phonon-mediated higher Tc superconductors.
Literacy disparities in patient access and health-related use of Internet and mobile technologies.

Background Age and race-related disparities in technology use have been well documented, but less is known about how health literacy influences technology access and use. Objective To assess the association between patients’ literacy skills and mobile phone ownership, use of text messaging, Internet access, and use of the Internet for health-related purposes. Methods A secondary analysis utilizing data from 1077 primary care patients enrolled in two, multisite studies from 2011–2013. Patients were administered an in-person, structured interview. Results Patients with adequate health literacy were more likely to own a mobile phone or smartphone in comparison with patients having marginal or low literacy (mobile phone ownership: 96.8 vs. 95.2 vs. 90.1%, respectively, P < 0.001; smartphone ownership: 70.6 vs. 62.5 vs. 40.1%, P < 0.001) and to report text messaging (78.6 vs. 75.2 vs. 53.1%, P < 0.001). They were also more likely to have access to the Internet from their home (92.1 vs. 74.7 vs. 44.9%, P < 0.001) and to report using the Internet for email (93.0 vs. 75.7 vs. 38.5%, P < 0.001), browsing the web (93.9 vs. 80.2 vs. 44.5%, P < 0.001), accessing health information (86.3 vs. 75.5 vs. 40.8%, P < 0.001), and communicating with providers (54.2 vs. 29.8 vs. 13.0%, P < 0.001). Relationships remained significant in multivariable analyses controlling for relevant covariates. Conclusions Results reveal that literacy-related disparities in technology access and use are widespread, with lower literate patients being less likely to own smartphones or to access and use the Internet, particularly for health reasons. Future interventions should consider these disparities and ensure that health promotion activities do not further exacerbate disparities.
Precision position control of ionic polymer metal composite

The ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) is a novel smart polymer material. It shows significant potential in the application for low-mass high-displacement actuators. The IPMC behavior in open loop is not repeatable and also it is difficult to maintain its tip displacement constant at a specified position in open loop. Hence closed-loop control of IPMC is important. In this paper model-based precision position control of an IPMC strip in a cantilever configuration is demonstrated. After implementing the closed-loop position control the overshoot decreased to 20% from 205.34% in open loop, and the settling time reduced to 1 s from 27 s in open loop. Precision micro-scale position-control capability of the IPMC was also demonstrated. A 20-/spl mu/m position resolution was achieved with a position noise of 7.6-/spl mu/m rms.
Low variation current source for 90nm CMOS

We investigate an addition-based current source that reduces the impact of process variation and device mismatch without post-fabrication efforts. By optimizing the transistor size and taking the advantage of the nonlinearity associated with real resistors in 90 nm CMOS technology, we are able to achieve significant performance improvement. Simulation based on the proposed circuit topology shows more than 67% reduction in the current variation of an equally sized single transistor current source.
Modeling land-use change in the Ipswich watershed, Massachusetts, USA

The Ipswich watershed in northeastern Massachusetts, USA, is experiencing important land-use changes, which are contributing to severe environmental problems such as eutrophication, ground water depletion and loss of wildlife. The objective of this paper is to model deforestation between 1971, 1985 and 1991 in the watershed of the Ipswich River in Massachusetts, USA, where most of the forest loss is attributable to new residential development. The maps of suitability for deforestation are calibrated with maps of real change between 1971 and 1985 by using logistic regression, multi-criteria analysis and spatial filters. The maps of 1971 and 1985 serve also as the basis to extrapolate the quantity of predicted future deforestation. Then, the calibrated suitability maps and extrapolated quantities predict the location of deforestation between 1985 and 1991. The predicted deforestation maps are validated with the map of real forest loss of 1985–1991. relative operating characteristic (ROC) and variations of the Kappa index of agreement (Kno, Klocation and Kquantity) measure the validation. For most simulation runs, Kno = 93%, Klocation = 8% and Kquantity = 100%. The best predictor of quantity of deforestation from 1985 to 1991 is linear extrapolation forward in time of the deforestation that occurred from 1971 to 1985. It is difficult to predict the exact locations of deforestation in the watershed because only 2% of the watershed is deforested from 1971 to 1991, the patches of deforestation are scattered evenly across the landscape, and the some of the most important variables are not readily available in digital form. Nevertheless, the best predictor of location of deforestation (ROC = 70%) is a suitability map that uses a spatial filter and multi-criteria evaluation of elevation, slope, and proximity to existing residential areas. The locations that are most threatened are those that are unprotected, near existing residential development and in towns where the demand for new residential development is high. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Basel’s Rural Pastors as Mediators of Confessional and Social Discipline

Over the last two decades historians of early modern Europe have adopted the paradigm of confessionalization to describe the religious, political, and cultural changes that occurred in the two centuries following the Reformation.1 As an explanatory model confessionalization has often been portrayed as the religious and ecclesiastical parallel to the secular and political process of social discipline, as formulated by Gerhard Oestreich.2 In its simplest form, the process of confessional and social discipline is depicted as hierarchical and unidirectional: the impulse to discipline and control came from the secular and ecclesiastical authorities, and the laity, particularly the peasants at the bottom of the hierarchy, had little possibility of exerting counterpressures on those seeking to shape their beliefs and behavior. The inevitable result of the disciplinary process was the gradual suppression of popular culture and the imposition of new standards of belief and behavior on the subjects of the territorial state.
Modes of Subwavelength Plasmonic Slot Waveguides

We investigate the properties of the modes that are supported by 3-D subwavelength plasmonic slot waveguides. We first show that the fundamental mode that is supported by a symmetric plasmonic slot waveguide, which is composed of a subwavelength slot in a thin metallic film embedded in an infinite homogeneous dielectric, is always a bound mode for any combination of operating wavelength and waveguide parameters. Its modal fields are highly confined over a wavelength range extending from zero frequency to the ultraviolet. We then show that for an asymmetric plasmonic slot waveguide, in which the surrounding dielectric media above and below the metal film are different, there may exist a cutoff slot width and/or a cutoff metal film thickness above which the mode becomes leaky, and there always exists a cutoff wavelength above which the mode becomes leaky. We investigate in detail the effect of variations of the parameters of the symmetric and asymmetric plasmonic slot waveguides. We also consider related alternative 3-D plasmonic waveguide geometries, such as a plasmonic slot waveguide, in which the two metal film regions that form the slot have a finite width, and a plasmonic strip waveguide, which is formed between a metallic strip and a metallic substrate. We show that for a specific modal size, the fundamental mode of the standard plasmonic slot waveguide has a larger propagation length compared with the corresponding modes of these plasmonic waveguides.
Lipolytic activity of bacterial lipase survives better than that of porcine lipase in human gastric and duodenal content

Abstract Background/Aims: Treatment of pancreatic steatorrhea with porcine lipase is unsatisfactory because it is rapidly denatured by acidic intraluminal conditions. The aim of this study was to determine if bacterial lipase is resistant to acid denaturation and is active in the presence of bile acids by comparing its stability with that of porcine lipase in gastric and duodenal juice obtained from six patients undergoing a cholecystokinin octapeptide pancreatic function test. Methods: After inactivating native lipolytic activity, both juices were altered to simulate fasting and postprandial conditions in normal patients and patients with pancreatic insufficiency. Gastric juice was adjusted to pH 2, 3, 4, or 6, duodenal juice to pH 4 or 6, and bile acid concentrations to 4 or 12 mmol/L. Nutrients were added to one half of the samples. Initial bacterial or porcine lipolytic concentrations were 25 or 250 U/mL. After a 1-hour incubation at 37 ‡C, lipolytic activity was remeasured. Results: In gastric juice, more bacterial lipolytic activity survived than porcine lipolytic activity at both concentrations in the absence of nutrients and at a concentration of 25 U/mL with nutrients ( P P Conclusions: Bacterial lipolytic activity should survive better within the gastrointestinal lumen than porcine lipolytic activity and be more effective to treat steatorrhea.
Closing cluster attack windows through server redundancy and rotations

It is well-understood that increasing redundancy in a system generally improves the availability and dependability of the system. In server clusters, one important form of redundancy is spare servers. Cluster security, while universally recognized as an important subject in its own right, has not often been associated with the issue of redundancy. In prior work, we developed a self-cleansing intrusion tolerance (SCIT) architecture that strengthens cluster security through periodic server rotations and self-cleansing. In this work, we consider the servers in the cleansing mode as redundant, spare hardware and develop a unified control algorithm that manages the requirements of both security and service availability. We show the advantages of our algorithm in the following areas: (1) Intrusion tolerance through constant server rotations and cleansing, (2) Survivability in events of server failures, (3) Guarantee of service availability as long as the cluster has a minimum number of functioning servers, and (4) Scalability, the support of using high degrees of hardware/server redundancy to improve security and fault tolerance. We provide proofs for important properties of the proposed algorithm. The effects of varying degrees of server redundancy in reducing attack windows are investigated through simulation.
Experimental studies of bifurcations leading to chaos in the Belousof-Zhabotinsky reaction

Abstract A review is presented of the experimental evidences of chemical chaos in the Belousof-Zhabotinsky reaction, with special emphasis on the bifurcations leading to the chaotic dynamics. It is shown that a simple 1D map can account for most of the experimental observations.
Successful Lecturing: Presenting Information in Ways That Engage Effective Processing

The lecture has recently come into disrepute as a method of teaching. Active learning, cooperative learning, and student-based learning are in vogue, mostly for good reasons, while the lecture is viewed as a necessary—or maybe an unnecessary—evil. Viewing lecturing as second rate is unfortunate and inaccurate. It is unfortunate because lecturing is often indispensable, particularly in large classes with hundreds of students; it is inaccurate because an effective lecture—one that induces effective processing in one’s students—can be a successful method of teaching. In this chapter, we assume that the fundamental goal of the lecture is to increase the learning of students beyond what they can learn from reading a textbook. In different courses or in the same course at different times, the learning objectives may differ, ranging from the memorization of facts, to a change in students’ structuring of knowledge, or even to increase students’ enthusiasm for the subject, but the overarching goal is to increase learning. With that basic goal in mind, there exists a large body of research that is relevant to effective lecturing, specifically, research on the processes that enhance learning. (Bjork, 1979, is one of the first attempts to apply the research literature to the enhancement of teaching.) We outline here what
INHIBITION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN NONINFECTED L CELLS BY PARTIALLY PURIFIED INTERFERON PREPARATIONS

Partially purified interferon preparations, obtained from L-cell monolayers infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV), were shown to inhibit protein synthesis in noninfected L cells. The incorporation of several amino acids-14C was equally sensitive to the pretreatment of the cells with the interferon preparation. Treatment of L-cell monolayers for 24 hr with 800 units of interferon resulted in a 50% decrease in amino acid incorporation. The degree of inhibition was found to be a function of the interferon concentration and the time of exposure of the cells to the partially purified preparations. No inhibitory effect was detected in medium obtained from noninfected cells and purified in an identical manner. The inhibitory effect was shown to be cell specific in that the partially purified interferon from L cells did not reduce amino acid incorporation in heterospecific cell lines. Heating the interferon preparations at 60°C destroyed their antiviral activity and their ability to inhibit valine-14C incorporation in L cells.
NONBREEDING HABITAT SELECTION AND FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF THE BLACK-THROATED GREEN WARBLER COMPLEX IN SOUTHEASTERN MEXICO

Abstract We studied the ecological distribution and foraging behavior of three species in the Black-throated Green Warbler (Dendroica virens) species group in the Eastern Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico. The three species, Black-throated Green, Hermit (D. occidentalis) and Townsend's (D. townsendi) Warblers are largely allopatric on the breeding grounds and variably sympatric during the winter. We surveyed the composition of 166 mixed-species flocks and recorded habitat variables associated with the flock location along an elevational transect. We found that Black-throated Green and Townsend's Warblers segregated by altitude, whereas Hermit Warbler overlapped extensively with both other species. Even though Townsend's and Hermit Warblers co-occurred commonly in the same flocks, the latter showed strong selective use of pine trees and the former showed weaker selectivity of oak trees. Black-throated Green Warbler showed no tree-type selection. The combined differences in elevational distribution and tree-type...
PATIENT-ADAPTIVE SPATIO-TEMPORAL MRI: FROM PARADIGM TO PARADISE AND BEYOND

Spatial and temporal resolution and image quality in dynamic MRI are severely limited by physical constraints of MRI on the rate of acquisition. The most challenging and important application is cardiac MR (CMR) imaging. We survey work on an explicit model-based methodology developed in our lab, enabling more than an order-of-magnitude reduction in the acquisition requirements in both single and multiple channel MRI, and providing guarantees on the quality of reconstruction subject to the modeling assumptions. Based on time-sequential sampling theory, the approach uses the models to (i) design a minimum redundancy acquisition sequence; and (ii) reconstruct a movie (cine) of the object. By adapting the model to the imaged subject, both acquisition and reconstruction are adaptive. Phantom studies with known ground truth, and in-vivo CMR experiments demonstrate unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions.
Model Complexity, Goodness of Fit and Diminishing Returns

We investigate a general characteristic of the trade-off in learning problems between goodness-of-fit and model complexity. Specifically we characterize a general class of learning problems where the goodness-of-fit function can be shown to be convex within first-order as a function of model complexity. This general property of "diminishing returns" is illustrated on a number of real data sets and learning problems, including finite mixture modeling and multivariate linear regression.
The road to LOAD: late-onset Alzheimer's disease and a possible way to block it

The ageing brain becomes increasingly less able to destroy or eject toxic amyloid (A) beta42 peptide byproducts of normal neuronal activity that consequently accumulate to induce Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, the various components of the Abeta-clearing machinery are prime targets for AD therapeutics. In this connection, there are reports that taking statins to lower circulating cholesterol to prevent cardiovascular disease can also prevent late-onset AD (LOAD) the most common form of the disease. However, it seems unlikely that statins would prevent LOAD by lowering the very long-lived brain cholesterol that is controlled independently from the very much shorter-lived circulating cholesterol. In fact, reducing the ability of the brain astrocytes to make cholesterol for their closely associated neuron clients' synaptogenesis could damage the brain rather than protect it. However, a plausible way statins might prevent LOAD is to target a main component of the clearance machinery, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), the brain's powerful Abeta-efflux driver. This is indicated by a reported ability of micromolar concentrations of lovastatin and simvastatin to strongly stimulate brain vascular endothelial cells to make this Abeta ejector. Therefore, if this holds up, taking a statin over the years would prevent the normal decline of LRP1 in the ageing brain and a LOAD-driving accumulation of Abeta.
The κ-opioid receptor antagonist nor-BNI inhibits cocaine and amphetamine, but not cannabinoid (WIN 52212-2), abstinence-induced withdrawal in planarians: An instance of ‘pharmacologic congruence’

The broad applicability of receptor theory to diverse species, from invertebrates to mammals, provides evidence for the evolution in complexity of pharmacologic receptor diversification and of receptor-effector signal transduction mechanisms. However, pre-mammalian species have less receptor subtype differentiation, and thus, might share signal transduction pathways to a greater extent than do mammals, a phenomenon that we term 'pharmacologic congruence'. We have demonstrated previously that the lowest species considered to have a centralized nervous system, planarians, display both abstinence-induced and antagonist-precipitated withdrawal signs, indicative of the development of physical dependence. We report here: (1) amphetamine abstinence-induced withdrawal, and (2) the attenuation of cocaine and amphetamine, but not cannabinoid agonist (WIN 52212-2), abstinence-induced withdrawal by the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone and by the selective kappa-opioid receptor subtype antagonist nor-BNI (nor-Binaltorphimine), but not by the selective mu-opioid or the delta-opioid receptor subtype antagonists CTAP (D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH(2)) and naltrindole. These results provide evidence that the withdrawal from cocaine and amphetamine, but not cannabinoids, in planarians is mediated through a common nor-BNI-sensitive (kappa-opioid receptor-like) pathway.
Blood Flow in End-to-Side Anastomoses ∗

Blood flow in end-to-side autogenous or prosthetic graft anastomoses is of great interest to biomedical researchers because the biomechanical force profile engendered by blood flow disturbances at such geometric transitions is thought to play a significant role in vascular remodeling and graft failure. Thus, investigators have extensively studied anastomotic blood flow patterns in relation to graft failure with the objective of enabling the design of a more optimal graft anastomotic geometry. In contrast to arterial bifurcations, surgically created anastomoses can be modified to yield a flow environment that improves graft longevity. Understanding blood flow patterns at anastomotic junctions is a challenging problem because of the highly varying and complex three-dimensional nature of the geometry that is subjected to pulsatile and, occasionally, turbulent flow.
Competencies for teaching mainstreamed students

(1982). Competencies for teaching mainstreamed students. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 21, Exceptional Children in the Schools, pp. 139-143.
Sphenoid encephaloceles: disease management and identification of lesions within the lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus

Objectives: Encephaloceles usually involve herniation of frontal lobe tissue through an anterior cranial fossa defect into the ethmoid sinus or nasal cavity. Encephaloceles can also result from temporal lobe herniation through a middle fossa defect into the sphenoid sinus. Within the sphenoid, encephaloceles are thought to occur most commonly in the central or midline aspect of the sinus. Lateral sphenoid encephaloceles, especially within the lateral aspect of the sphenoid sinus when the sphenoid sinus has pneumatized extensively into the pterygoid recess, are considered exceedingly rare. The objectives of the study were to review our experience with sphenoid encephaloceles to understand the relative frequency and the locations in which they occur within the sphenoid sinus and to report our experience in caring for patients with this condition. Study Design: Retrospective review. Methods: Retrospective review of patient records and operative reports from 1991 to 2000. Results: Twelve patients were treated for intrasphenoid encephaloceles during a 10-year period. Eight patients had lesions located in the lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus. Surgical repair was undertaken in all 12 cases using endoscopic techniques. In 11 of 12 cases, the repair was successful with follow-up times of 12 to 69 months (mean follow-up, 31.9 mo). Conclusions: Temporal lobe encephaloceles in the lateral sphenoid sinus have been reported rarely in the literature. Careful preoperative evaluation and localization of the sphenoid defect are critical for the selection of the optimal surgical approach for repair of the skull base defect. Our 10-year experience represents the largest group of patients treated endoscopically for intrasphenoid encephaloceles reported to date.
Large plastic scintillator panels with WLS fiber readout: Optimization of components

Abstract Results are presented on R&D efforts to design and build large size veto panels, optimized for underground low background experiments, in the most efficient and economical way using commercially available components. A variety of plastic scintillators, photomultiplier tubes, wavelength shifting fibers, and light reflector combinations were tested. Results of these studies and performance of a 2.2 m long panel are presented.
Inheritance of fear and trauma

Although Lamarckism, the belief that an organism can pass on characteristics that it acquired during its lifetime to its offspring, lost acceptance decades ago, it has recently enjoyed a resurgence via observations of epigenetic inheritance. For example, studies have shown that when mice are taught to fear an odor, both their offspring and the next generation are born fearing it. Although parental exposure to stress is typically believed to increase vulnerability in offspring of rodents and humans, some biological alterations in progeny may instead reflect an accommodation to parental trauma. Yehuda et al. obtained blood samples from 32 Holocaust survivors and found a 10% increase in DNA cytosine methylation within the third glucocorticoid response element (GRE) of FKBP5 intron 7. This intron was tested because it can fold to contact the transcription start site; this region can be demethylated by glucocorticoid administration; and methylation of this GRE affects FKBP5 expression. Unexpectedly, among 22 offspring born from Holocaust survivor parents, the findings were reversed: DNA cytosine methylation at the same site within FKBP5 was decreased by 8%. This represents the first human finding of pre-conception stress resulting in epigenetic changes in both exposed parents and their offspring, although in opposite directions. Because both parents of each offspring were Holocaust survivors, the mechanism of inheritance cannot be resolved here; further studies investigating families in which only one parent was exposed to such trauma may enhance our understanding. If it can be shown that the extent of FKBP5 methylation in PTSD patients correlates to prognosis, this work may ultimately help identify a biomarker of PTSD risk; moreover, if FKBP5 activity proves to affect clinical outcome, this protein may represent a therapeutic point of intervention. In the offspring of highly traumatized individuals, testing of FKBP5 methylation may facilitate interventions to prevent intergenerational transmission of trauma. R. Yehuda et al ., Holocaust exposure induced intergenerational effects on FKBP5 methylation. Biol. Psychiatry 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.08.005 (2015). [[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://www.biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com/article/S0006-3223(15)00652-6/abstract
The Place of Physical Education in the College and University

(1906). The Place of Physical Education in the College and University. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 75-82.
Correlation of Imaging Characteristics With Histopathological WHO Grade in Meningiomas

0.7, pZ 0.01).Within the BRAF-mutated subgroup, therewas no difference in tumor LC based on exposure to a BRAF inhibitor. There was also a trend towards improved CNS progression free survival (PFS) at 1 year (26% vs. 0%, pZ0.06), favoring BRAF-mutated patients. There was no difference in overall survival between the groups. Conclusion: In this retrospective study we found that BRAF mutation was associated with an improvement in local control for melanoma brain metastases treated with SRS compared to those without the mutation. There was also a trend for improved CNS PFS. Our data suggest that BRAF mutation may sensitize tumors to radiosurgery, and that BRAF wild-type tumors may be more radioresistant. Additional studies will be required to fully characterize the role of BRAF mutation in LC of brain metastases treated with SRS. Author Disclosure: I.S. Gallaher: None. Y. Watanabe: None. K.E. Dusenbery: None. C.K. Lee: None. H. Lin: None. T.E. DeFor: None. J. Yuan: None.
Unilateral Traction in Conjunction with Heat Modalities, Proper Positioning, and Exercises for a Herniated Nucleus Pulposus

Physical therapists who deal with patients reporting back pain frequently treat variations of the disk injury reported in this article. The physical therapy program in this case report helped the patient considerably, although it did not entirely eliminate his back pain. The modalities were heat, unilateral traction, and a combination of exercises and positioning. The proper timing of the treatments increased their effectiveness. As the therapist, I focused mainly on applying the traction, providing an exercise plan, and listening to what the patient told me. Many times, our patients will give us clues for their cures if we, the therapists, would only stop to listen. PATIENT DATA Two months before the physical therapist treated him, the 33-year-old white male electrician (163.5 lb, 6 ft 2 in; 74.16 kg, 182.88 cm) had experienced a three-month episode of pain in the left sacroiliac joint and left paraspinal area with occasional radiation of pain to the left buttock and posterior thigh.…
A Clinician's Approach to Double-Hit Lymphoma: Identification, Evaluation, and Management

Double-hit lymphomas have concurrent rearrangements of CMYC and BCL2 or occasionally BCL6. Although double-hit lymphomas are a part of the mature B-cell lymphoma lineage, they have an aggressive clinical course that is complicated by an extremely poor response to standard therapy for aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Overall survival is short for many patients with double-hit lymphomas, which reinforces the importance of identifying appropriate therapies for these patients. Fortunately, recent reports have demonstrated improved outcomes with the use of intensive induction therapies. This article discusses the biology, therapeutic considerations, treatment opinions, possible role of autologous stem-cell transplant, and need for ongoing clinical trials for this subgroup of patients with lymphoma.
A Human Science View of Behavioral Health

An exclusively quantitative public health approach to substance use in Mexico is criticized here as being of limited use to nurses working as clinicians with persons, families, and communities struggling with this issue. Three human science-based studies from three different countries are discussed to serve as options for addressing this limitation.
Influence of Hydrodynamic Fluid Pressure and Shoe Tread Depth on Available Coefficient of Friction

Slip and fall accidents are a major occupational health concern. Identifying the lubrication mechanisms affecting shoe-floor-contaminant friction under biofidelic (testing conditions that mimic human slipping) conditions is critical to identifying unsafe surfaces and designing a slip-resistant work environment. The purpose of this study is to measure the effects of varying tread design, tread depth and fluid viscosity on underfoot hydrodynamic pressure, the load supported by the fluid (i.e. load carrying capacity), and the coefficient of friction (COF) during a simulated slip. A single vinyl floor material and two shoe types (work shoe and sportswear shoe) with three different tread depths (no tread, half tread and full tread) were tested under two lubrication conditions: 1) 90% glycerol and 10% water (219 cP) and 2) 1.5% Detergent-98.5% (1.8cP) water solutions. Hydrodynamic pressures were measured with a fluid pressure sensor embedded in the floor and a forceplate was used to measure the friction and normal forces used to calculate coefficient of friction. The study showed that hydrodynamic pressure developed when high viscosity fluids were combined with no tread and resulted in a major reduction of COF (0.005). Peak hydrodynamic pressures (and load supported by the fluid) for the no tread-high viscous conditions were 234 kPa (200.5 N) and 87.63 kPa (113.3 N) for the work and sportswear shoe, respectively. Hydrodynamic pressures were negligible when at least half the tread was present or when a low viscosity fluid was used despite the fact that many of these conditions also resulted in dangerously low COF values. The study suggests that hydrodynamic lubrication is only relevant when high viscous fluids are combined with little or no tread and that other lubrication mechanisms besides hydrodynamic effects are relevant to slipping like boundary lubrication.© 2012 ASME
THE OXIDATIVE CRACKING OF HYDROCARBON FUELS

We describe recent results on the oxidation of n-butyl radical generated from n-butyl iodide in single pulse shock tube experiments. The procedure builds on earlier work on pyrolytic decomposition and involves adding sufficient oxygen molecules into the system so that pyrolytic decomposition is suppressed. Instead, an oxidative cracking pattern is obtained. The results show that the main products from oxidative decomposition are ethylene and 1butene with minor contributions from propene and tetrahydrofuran. These results demonstrate via mass balance considerations that under present conditions HO2 is the main product and the OH yields are over an order of magnitude smaller. These results are directly applicable for the simulation of high temperature combustion systems under the present reactive environment. Some of the problems involved in using these results to extrapolate to situations at different temperatures and pressures and molecular structures will be discussed.
MicrO: an ontology of phenotypic and metabolic characters, assays, and culture media found in prokaryotic taxonomic descriptions

This work was funded by grants from the National Science Foundation (award DEB-1208534 to CEB, DEB-1208567 to HC, and DEB-1208685 to LRM) and by a travel grant (to CEB) to attend the 2013 NESCent Ontologies for Evolutionary Biology workshop. RW was supported by CyVerse and the National Science Foundation under award numbers DBI-0735191 and DBI-1265383. Many thanks to Elvis Hsin-Hui Wu (University of Arizona), Gail Gasparich (Towson University), and Gordon Burleigh (University of Florida) for comments and/or assistance with ontology construction and compilation of taxonomic descriptions. We would also like to thank Chris Mungall (LBNL), Oliver He (University of Michigan) for technical assistance with OntoBee and OntoFox, and Gareth Owen (ChEBI project leader, head curator) and other curators at ChEBI for assistance in the incorporation of microbial-specific chemical terms and synonyms into ChEBI. Thanks also to the instructors (Melissa Haendel, Matt Yoder, Jim Balhoff) and students of the 2013 NESCent Ontologies for Evolutionary Biology workshop, and to Karen Cranston (NESCent) and the support staff at NESCent. Thanks also to the OBI-devel team for comments regarding the overall structure of assay terms, and associated object properties, in MicrO.
Investigation on Awareness Behavior of the Hypertensive and Epidemiological Characteristic of Hypertension among Community Population in Hunan Province

Objective To understand the current status and distribution characteristics as well as long-range trend of hypertension in community population.To analyze the hypertensive's knowledge levels on hypertension,their treatment and control status.Methods A total of 6 665 subjects aged 15 years and over in urban districts of Changsha and rural areas of Yueyang were selected with the multistage sampling method. Results The overall prevalence of hypertension was 17.60% in Hunan Province.The prevalence of the urban population and the rural areas were 25.88% and 12.00% respectively.The prevalence for males under 45 was significantly higher than that of the females.The prevalence rates of the teachers,medical staffs and administrators were ranked the top of the list.Obesity was an important risk factor for hypertension,its odds ratio was 2.95 to 8.28. The standardized rate of hypertension in 2001 increased 73% comparing with that of 10 years ago.The awareness,treatment and control rates were 22.45%,23.32% and 17.84% respectively,in which the rates of the rural area were all lower than those of the urban area. Conclusion The high prevalence,fast-rising speed,poor knowledge,low treatment and control rate of hypertension have posed a threat to health of the population in Hunan Province. Corresponding intervention measures should be taken to control the hypertension and reduce the occurrence of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease.
Social Effectiveness: A 30-Year Review of the Rehabilitation Counseling Literature

The ability to effectively manage social interactions is key to achieving many life goals. A substantial amount of research has been conducted in rehabilitation counseling and rehabilitation psycho...
Salinity Induced Changes in Leaf Expansion, Photosynthesis and K + Accumulation in Sunflower

It is well known that plants whose growth is environmentally limited are smaller that plants with sufficient or unlimiting resources, but the physiological causes and consequences of growth reductions are not always easily defined. Clearly, if plants are smaller, their total photosynthesis will be reduced in the long term. In the shorter term, the effects on photosynthesis, and the importance of those effects to growth, are more variable.
Sound Propagation in 3He and 4He Above the Liquid-Vapor Critical Point

A scaled plot is presented of published sound attenuation and dispersion data of3He and4He along the critical isochore above Tcas a function of the reduced frequency ω*. Here ω*≡ω/Γ with ω the frequency and Γ the order parameter relaxation rate, where the latter is determined from experimental transport and thermodynamic data. For a given isotope, the scaled data obtained at different frequencies lie on a single curve. These curves are different, however, for3He and4He. The resulting scaled plot is compared with recent predictions by Onuki, and by Folk and Moser. The crossover-term contribution in Γ from the background thermal conductivity data is compared with the form derived by Bhattacharjee and Ferrell. In the Appendix, the calculation of Γ for both3He and4He from experiments is described and discussed.
Looking around the corner using transient imaging

We show that multi-path analysis using images from a timeof-flight (ToF) camera provides a tantalizing opportunity to infer about 3D geometry of not only visible but hidden parts of a scene. We provide a novel framework for reconstructing scene geometry from a single viewpoint using a camera that captures a 3D time-image I(x, y, t) for each pixel. We propose a framework that uses the time-image and transient reasoning to expose scene properties that may be beyond the reach of traditional computer vision. We corroborate our theory with free space hardware experiments using a femtosecond laser and an ultrafast photo detector array. The ability to compute the geometry of hidden elements, unobservable by both the camera and illumination source, will create a range of new computer vision opportunities.