cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generating multimedia briefings: coordinating language and illustration

Abstract Communication can be more effective when several media (such as text, speech, or graphics) are integrated and coordinated to present information. This changes the nature of media-specific generation (e.g., language or graphics generation), which must take into account the multimedia context in which it occurs. This paper presents work on coordinating and integrating speech, text, static and animated three-dimensional graphics, and stored images, as part of several systems we have developed at Columbia University. A particular focus of our work has been on the generation of presentations that brief a user on information of interest
SnSe nanocrystals: synthesis, structure, optical properties, and surface chemistry.

The colloidal synthesis of SnSe nanoparticles is accomplished through the injection of bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amino]tin(II) into hot trioctylphosphine:selenium in the presence of oleylamine. Through the manipulation of reaction temperature particles are grown with the average diameter reliably tuned to 4−10 nm. Quantum confinement is examined by establishing a relationship between particle size and band gap while the in depth growth dynamics are illuminated through UV−vis−NIR spectroscopy. Surface chemistry effects are explored, including the demonstration of useful ligand exchanges and the development of routes toward anisotropic particle growth. Finally, transient current−voltage properties of SnSe nanocrystal films in the dark and light are examined.
Effects of isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate polymer on cultured cells derived from murine cerebral microvessels

Abstract The initial and delayed effects of isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate (IBCA) polymer on cells cultured from the wall of mouse cerebral microvessels were examined using a simple cytotoxicity assay. Cell cultured media were conditioned by exposure to IBCA polymer for 24-hr periods over the 15 days following polymerization and the media were then added to confluent endothelial or smooth muscle cell monolayers. The resulting cell detachment was assessed as a measure of cytotoxicity. The results indicated that immediately or a few days after polymerization and at approximately 12–13 days after polymerization, IBCA released material(s) that caused significant cell detachment from cell monolayers. This finding may explain some of the observed toxic effects of IBCA, particularly on vascular lesions within the brain. This simple bioassay may be used to study early and delayed effects of other potential embolotherapy materials on components of the blood vessel wall.
The effects of adenosine and adenine nucleotides on the guinea-pig vas deferens: evidence for existence of purinergic receptors.

Abstract The effect of adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) and its congeners on the alpha-adrenergic neuroeffector transmission in the isolated vas deferens of the guinea pig was evaluated. Both intracellular activity and contractile response of the smooth muscle of the vas deferens were recorded by using the sucrose-gap method. Adenosine, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) influenced alpha-adrenergic receptor-mediated excitatory responses by depolarizing the cell membrane potential. ATP, on the other hand, produced action potentials rather than sustained depolarization, and its activity was blocked by theophylline and 2, 2′-pyridylisatogen, an ATP antagonist, but not blocked by either phentolamine or phenoxybenzamine, which inhibit alpha-adrenoreceptor responsiveness caused by norepinephrine or phenylephrine. Furthermore, dipyridamole, an adenosine uptake blocker, potentiated both ATP and adenosine activities. These findings indicate that adenosine and adenine nucleotides may exert their action at an extracellular site. From these results, it may be speculated that alpha adrenoreceptors and purinergic receptors do indeed exist on the smooth muscle of the vas deferens.
Multiple literacies: The whole mind at work

Rudolph Arnheim sugirio, que la mente joven absorbe el mundo para entenderlo y ser testigo de sus maravillas, para interpretarlo y expresarse. Este articulo examina varias maneras en las que los ninos absorben el mundo, desarrollando alfabetismos verbales, visuales y musicales y realizando las posibles conexiones entre estas formas de representacion e indagacion. Se nos presentan varios ejemplos de las competencias que van desarrollandose en ninos en edad preescolar y primaria en el campo de los alfabetismos artisticos, que estan cargados de significados emocionales y culturales. Para los ninos de todas partes del mundo es relevante el desarrollo de multiples alfabetismos dentro del contexto de sus propias culturas. Los adultos pueden ayudar a que se active en los ninos la capacidad de dar sentido a las cosas como base del aprendizaje.
The world social forum and the lessons for economic geography

AbstractThis article examines the development of the World Social Forum (WSF) using theoretical arguments that have emerged from the new economic geography. In particular, it draws on the critique of economistic accounts of globalization by Richa Nagar, Victoria Lawson, Linda McDowell, and Susan Hanson to evaluate how far the WSF serves to move beyond institutional, spatial, and personal barriers that often limit academic debate over neoliberalism and global economic change. Following this critique, the authors evaluate how far the criticisms of neoliberalism that have been articulated at the WSF transcend traditional barriers to inclusion in debates and struggles over globalization. As such, the article examines the degree to which the WSF allows for (1) informal economic spheres to be considered and connected to formal economic developments, such as the Free Trade Area of the Americas;(2) excluded spaces and places to be discussed and involved; and (3) excluded actors and subjects to be both represented...
Hormonally mediated lordosis in female rats: actions of flutamide and an aromatization inhibitor.

Abstract Agents which interfere with androgen metabolism or receptor binding diminished androgen-induced, but not estrogen-induced lordotic behavior in female rats. The non-steroidal antiandrogen, flutamide, reduced the amount of lordosis displayed by females receiving 250 μg testosterone propionate (TP) plus progesterone (P). Flutamide (10 mg) did not affect the lordotic behavior of animals receiving estradiol benzoate (0.5 μg or 0.25 μg EB) plus P. Similarly, the aromatization inhibitor 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione (ATD; 10 mg) blocked TP plus P induced lordosis but failed to alter EB (10 μg) plus P induced lordosis. These results suggest that androgen-induced lordosis occurs after the testosterone molecule becomes bound to a receptor and is enzymatically converted to estrogenic metabolites.
Time‐dependent fracture strength of oriented polymers

A statistical consideration based upon a theory of microscopic molecular kinetics is developed to describe the time‐dependent fracture process for oriented polymers. The interrelation between the macroscopic fracture strength and the microscopic behaviors is formulated with the aid of a double Fourier series expansion. The microscopic behavior in the vicinity of a point is expressed in the form of a spherical function which can be expanded into a series of symmetric tensorial terms. Subsequently, the fracture strength of polymers is evaluated in terms of both time and molecular orientation. By taking account of the individual values of the directional fraction of integrity, the time to fracture and the most probable direction of fracture within any volume element in a medium are predicted.
Resistance to Lymphomatosis in the Fowl in Relation to Reproduction

OVER the past twenty years, the feasibility of breeding strains of fowls in which mortality from lymphomatosis is reduced to negligible levels has been demonstrated1,2. Many poultry breeders are now developing resistant strains. If families resistant to this disease do not hatch as well as families that are susceptible, as Coles and Underwood have stated3, the, desirability of attempting to develop resistant stock may seem dubious. Accordingly, we have examined our records for the past six years for evidence of any such relationship.
Effects of Tennessee Medicaid Managed Care On Obstetrical Care and Birth Outcomes

A comparative study was conducted in two neighboring states, Tennessee and North Carolina, to determine whether Medicaid managed care (implemented in Tennessee as TennCare) affected prenatal care, care patterns at labor-delivery, and birth outcomes. A pre- and post-design coupled with a difference-in- difference approach--using North Carolina as a control--was used to assess TennCare's effects for all births and for three categories of high-risk mothers (under age eighteen, unwed, or living in high poverty areas). Data from 328,296 singleton births in birth files and matched birth-death files for 1993 and 1995 in both states were used to analyze a number of variables related to maternal behavior during pregnancy, utilization of care before and after labor-delivery, patterns of obstetrical care at delivery, and birth outcomes. Under TennCare, Tennessee mothers were relatively more likely to obtain no prenatal care or to wait and initiate third trimester care as compared to those in North Carolina. Relative utilization of specific prenatal procedures declined, Apgar scores fell very slightly, and birth abnormalities increased in the poverty subsample. TennCare had no significant effect on infant mortality. Utilization reductions in obstetrical services were achieved with apparent spillovers to non-TennCare births, but without adverse effects overall. TennCare was neither a panacea nor an unmitigated disaster. It is a model worth examining, but not uncritically.
Evaluation of COTS silicon carbide photodiodes for a radiation-hard, low-energy x-ray spectrometer

Wide band-gap semiconducting materials such as silicon carbide (SiC) are attractive alternatives for radiation detection in more rugged environments due to low leakage currents, superior radiation hardness, and temperature insensitivity. However, the development of these technologies has been hindered by serious materials problems that restrict the quality and size of detector grade crystals. Recent developments in epitaxial growth of thin crystals on a substrate are yielding detector-grade material of reasonable dimension. While applications for ionizing radiation detectors are still limited primarily to small academic and R&D ventures, an active market exists for very thin epitaxial SiC photodiodes for the purpose of detecting UV light in high-temperature environments. The purpose of this project is to evaluate the utility of these commercially available SiC UV photodiodes for the purpose of detection and measurement of low-energy x-rays. We present results from bench-top electronic characterization, radioactive source measurements, x-ray source measurements at Los Alamos National Lab, and responsivity measurements performed at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Lab.
Chronic Primary Chylopericardium Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

The case of a 36-year-old white man who had recurrent milky pericardial effusion and repeated pericardiocenteses over a period of 1 year with minimal disability or symptoms is presented. Surgical management included thoracotomy with ligation of all structures resembling lymphatic channels in the chest in several places and hemipericardiectomy. Neither the source of chyle in the pericardium nor the etiological agent of this condition could be found. Criteria for successful management of this condition are re-emphasized.
Atlas of Fluorescence Spectra and Lifetimes of Dyes Attached to Protein

Abstract Fluorescence spectra and lifetimes of ovalbumin labeled with a variety of fluorescent reagents have been measured. The peak positions of the emission spectrum and the long wavelength band of the excitation spectrum as well as the fluorescence lifetimes, are tabulated. Heterogeneity of binding sites is shown by the broadness of some emisison spectra and the presence of multiexponential decay. The atlas may serve as a guide to the properties of these dyes attached to proteins in general.
A Raman Spectroscopic Study of H)D Isotopically Substituted Hydrous Aluminosilicate Glasses

We have obtained high quality Raman spectra for two H/D isotopically substituted hydrous aluminosilicate glasses with compositions along the NaAlSi3O8-SiO2 join. Consistent with the results of previous studies, the isotope shift for the band near 900 cm−1, whose intensity grows with increasing water content, is extremely small: v h /v d = 1.004 ± 0.004. The lack of a definite H/D isotope shift for this band does not, however, preclude its association with a vibration of a hydrous species in the glass, because of likely strong coupling between different vibrational modes of hydrated framework species. The 900 cm−1 band could well be due to a T — OH (T = Si, Al) stretching or bending vibration in the hydrous glass, as required by the presence of a combination band near 4500 cm−1 in near-infrared spectra.
Isolation by preparative isoelectric focusing of a direct acting fibrinolytic enzyme from the venom of Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix (southern copperhead).

Abstract N. B. Egen , F. E. Russell , D. W. Sammons , R. C. Humphreys , A. L. Guan and F. S. Markland Jr. Isolation by preparative isoelectric focusing of a direct acting fibrinolytic enzyme from the venom of Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix (southern copperhead). Toxicon 25, 1189 – 1198, 1987. — Fibrolase, a blood clot-lysing enzyme, was isolated from the venom of the snake Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix using preparative scale isoelectric focusing in the recycling isoelectric focusing (RIEF) apparatus. Two sequential purifications, beginning with 1.0 g of whole, dried venom, were employed. A pH 6 – 8 range gradient effected the first separation. While 100% of the enzyme was recovered in three fractions, 43% (one fraction) had 70% purity. The second run was a refractionation of three, pooled fractions from the first run, in a 0.7 pH range gradient. Of the fibrolase in the venom, 63% was recovered in four fractions. One of these represented 29% of venom fibrolase, with 97% purity. Gel filtration chromatography removed most of the remaining, higher molecular weight contaminants of the RIEF-purified enzyme.
Pilot scale field studies of in situ bioremediation of chlorinated solvents

This paper discusses results from pilot scale field studies that evaluated enhanced in situ bioremediation of chlorinated solvents. A stimulus-response methodology for performing controlled field experiments is exemplified. The cometabolic transformation of chlorinated aliphatic compounds by methanotrophic bacteria is of primary focus.
Efferent control of cricket giant fibres

THE central nervous system not only receives sensory input, but also controls the nature of that input. Efferent control of sensory pathways was suggested on the basis of behavioural experiments by von Holst and Mittelstaedt1 and by Sperry2, who called the postulated mechanism efference copy and corollary discharge, respectively. They argued the need for an efferent system to compensate for the stimulation received during behaviour, and which would otherwise be interpreted as due to events occurring in the environment.
A pretty good sponge: Dealing with open boundaries in limited-area ocean models

Abstract The problem of computing within a limited domain surrounded by open boundaries is discussed within the context of the shallow-water wave equations by comparing three different treatments, all of which surround the domain by absorbing zones intended to prevent reflections of outgoing waves. The first, which has attracted a lot of attention for use in electromagnetic and aeroacoustic applications, is intended to prevent all reflections. However, it has not yet been developed to handle the second important requirement of open boundaries, namely the ability to pass information about external conditions into the domain of interest. The other two treatments, which absorb differences from a specified external solution, allow information to pass through the open boundary in both directions. One, based on the flow relaxation scheme of [Martinsen, E.A., Engedahl, H., 1987. Implementation and testing of a lateral boundary scheme as an open-boundary condition in a barotropic ocean model. Coastal Eng. 11, 603–627] and termed here the “simple sponge,” relaxes all fields toward their external counterparts. The other, a simplification and generalization of the perfectly matched layer, referred to here as the “pretty good sponge,” avoids absorbing the component of momentum parallel to the open boundary. Comparisons for a case that is dominated by outgoing waves shows the pretty good sponge to perform essentially as well as the perfectly matched layer and better than the simple sponge. In comparisons for a geostrophically balanced eddy passing through open boundaries, the pretty good sponge out-performed the simple sponge when the only external information available was about the advecting flow, but when information about the nature of the eddy in the sponge zones was also available, the simple sponge performed better. For the case of an equatorial soliton passing through the boundary and no information provided about its nature outside the open domain, again the pretty good sponge performed better. Proving useful for situations governed by nonlinear equations forced by external conditions and being easy to implement, the pretty good sponge should be considered for use with existing limited-area ocean models.
Identification of a Novel Tetramerization Domain in Large Conductance KCa Channels

Abstract More than 50 genes are known to encode K + channel monomers and can coassemble to form hetero-tetrameric K + channels. However, only a subset of possible monomer combinations come together to form functional ion channels. The assembly and tetramerization of appropriate channel monomers is mediated by association domains (ADs). To identify such domains in human large-conductance Ca 2+ -activated K + channels (hSlo1), we screened hSlo1 domains for self-association using yeast two-hybrid assays. Putative ADs were subjected to functional assays in Xenopus oocytes and further characterized by coprecipitation, native gel electrophoresis, and sucrose density gradient centrifugation assays. This led to the identification of a single intracellular association domain localized near the channel pore and required for channel function. We conclude that this novel tetramerization domain, referred to as BK-T1, promotes the assembly of hSlo1 monomers into functional K Ca channels.
Role of voltage-dependent ionic currents in coupling glucose stimulation to insulin secretion in canine pancreatic islet B-cells.

Glucose-induced electrical activity in canine pancreatic islet B cells is distinct from that in rodent islets, though both display Ca2+-dependent insulin secretion. Rodent islet B cells undergo regular bursts of Ca2+-dependent action potentials, while canine islet B cells generate isolated Na+-dependent action potentials which often give way to a plateau depolarization. Here we present evidence to reconcile the species difference in electrical activity with the similarity of Ca2+ dependence of secretion. (i) In canine B cells increasing glucose concentrations produce membrane depolarization and increasing frequency of Nao-dependent action potentials until a background membrane potential (∼-40mV) is reached where Na+ currents are inactivated. (ii) Voltage-dependent Ca2+ currents are present which are activated over the voltage excursion of the action potential (−50 to +20 mV) and inactivate slowly, (over seconds) in the range of the plateau depolarization (−40 to −25 mV). Hence, they are available to contribute to both phases of depolarization. (iii) Tetrodotoxin (TTX) reduces by half an early transient phase of glucosestimulated insulin secretion but not a subsequent prolonged plateau phase. The transient phase of secretion often corresponds well in time to the period of initial high frequency action potential activity. These latter results suggest that in canine B cells voltagedependent Na+ and Ca2+ currents mediate biphasic glucose-induced insulin secretion. The early train of Na+-dependent action potentials, by transiently activating Ca2+ channels and allowing pulsatile Ca2+ entry, may promote an early transient phase of insulin secretion. The subsequent sustained plateau depolarization, by allowing sustained Ca2+ entry, may permit steady insulin release.
Motor mechanisms in schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia.

A specific aspect of the motor output of patients with tardive dyskinesia was investigated with an experimental procedure referenced in force control function (i.e., the maintenance of sustained force output). We hypothesized that response output (button press) at a given level would be significantly altered when preceded by an output of a higher force than when preceded by an output of a lower force. The difference could be interpreted as a behavioral measure of fatigability and/or threshold change, and its quantitative aspects could serve as a marker of motor impairment. Three groups of subjects participated in the study: schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD), schizophrenic patients without tardive dyskinesia, and normal control subjects. The test used was a target-matching task with force output ranging from 5 to 560 cN. Three dependent measures were used: output force, steadiness of force maintenance, and latency of target capture. Results indicated that precedent output at the previous trial significantly altered force, but even better group separation was attained with the measure of steadiness. The TD schizophrenic group's performance was least efficient, the control group's was most efficient, and the non-TD schizophrenic group's performance was intermediate. The principal conclusions reached were that the target-matching response reflects mechanisms related to both fatigability and recruitment of motor units involved in output control.
New Directions: Adapting air quality management to climate change: A must for planning

Abstract While adaptation to climate change is primarily thought of as a water, weather, and infrastructure issue, air quality and air quality management are important aspects of climate change adaptation. Air quality and climate change are so heavily intertwined that air quality needs to be considered not only for mitigation strategies but also in management of and adapting to climate change.
Synthesis of Optimum Forage Handling Systems for a One-Man Dairy Farm

Summary Linear programming techniques were used to select the forage-handling practices that would yield maximum family income from a dairy farm operation under corn belt conditions and to consider their effect on the entire farm organization. A high level of management and dairy production was assumed. Most phases of the dairy farm organization that could affect or be affected by the forage-handling practices were considered. Optimum farm organizations were developed restricted by the family labor available and selected amounts of capital. The total acreage in the farm was found to be primarily a function of the available capital. Maximum family income was realized when the number of cows was at the maximum permitted by the labor available on the farm. Generally, cows contributed more to net farm income than production of grain or hay for sale. A ration with a high proportion of grain was found to provide the most economical source of nutrients on farms with large areas of land. About the same number of cows was kept on the small as on the large farms but the small farm operators used more forage in the dairy ration. A rotational grazing program was found to be economically desirable. Further improvement in income could be obtained by adding first a hay conditioner and second a mow dryer. With a good yield of high-quality hay, silage was economically feasible only if a silo was already on the farm.
Most older women recover baseline functional status following pelvic organ prolapse surgery

To evaluate postoperative functional status changes in older women undergoing pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery and determine predictors for nonrecovery of baseline status. We enrolled women ≥ 65 years in whom POP surgery was planned and measured functional status using the Katz Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scales at baseline, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 months postoperatively. We used logistic regression modeling to identify predictors of postoperative nonrecovery of functional status (score < baseline) and calculated score change over time. Sixty-six women were enrolled and 3-month data were complete for 53. Subjects had a mean age of 72 ± 5 years, were all Caucasian, and had predominantly undergone vaginal surgery (70 %). At baseline 31 % were ADL-dependent and 12 % were IADL-dependent. Both ADL and IADL scores changed significantly over time (p <0.001). At 3 months postoperatively, 19 % of women failed to return to baseline ADLs and 25 % failed to return to baseline IADLs. At all time points ADL dependence was almost entirely attributable to lack of continence, while IADL dependence was commonly due to the inability to independently perform activities outside the home. Age, number of comorbidities, depression, and baseline functional status were not significant predictors of IADL nonrecovery. In a model controlling for baseline IADL status, age, and BMI, higher baseline Colorectal-Anal Distress Inventory (CRADI) score significantly predicted IADL nonrecovery (AOR 1.13, 95 % CI 1.00,1.27, p = 0.04). Most older women with baseline functional status independence undergoing POP surgery can expect to regain independence by 3 months postoperatively.
Gas Chromatographic Determination of Fentanyl and its Analogues in Human Plasma

There is currently no published chromatographic assay for the fentanyl family of analgesics. This study reports the development of a sensitive, precise, and accurate gas chromatographic method for the determination of fentanyl and its analogues in human plasma. Sensitivity attained for fentanyl and sufentanil was 0.1 ng/mL plasma with an average coefficient of variation of 4.5%. Calibration curve correlation coefficients of 0.99% or greater were consistently obtained. Average recovery of drug into the final extract exceeded 80% and was independent of fentanyl concentration. The required degree of specificity was obtained by selective extraction, use of the nitrogen/phosphorous detector, and chromatographic resolution. This method appears suitable for clinical studies of fentanyl and its derivatives in man.
Lethargy, Failure to Thrive, and Psychomotor Retardation in an Infant

1. What are this patient’s most striking clinical and laboratory findings? 2. How do you explain this patient’s most striking clinical and laboratory findings? 3. What is this patient’s most likely diagnosis? 4. What condition could be confused with this patient’s disease? 5. What is the pathophysiology of this patient’s disease? 6. What are the principal signs and symptoms associated with this patient’s disease? 7. What are the principal laboratory findings associated with this patient’s disease? 8. What imaging studies are useful in establishing the diagnosis of this patient’s disease? 9. What additional test should be performed to confirm the diagnosis of this patient’s disease? 10. What are the genetics of this patient’s disease? 11. How should this patient’s disease be treated?
External validity of randomised controlled trials in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

To the Editors: I would like to comment on the editorial by Johnson and Raghu 1, which was published in the November issue of the European Respiratory Journal . In a very clear way, the authors overviewed the use of outcome measures in clinical trials of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). I would like to propose some concerns, …
A synthetic environment system for planning, education and data visualization

An inexpensive workstation that creates an immersive environment for several people to see and manipulate computer generated 3D graphic objects would have many innovative and important applications, such as planning and brainstorming (3D viewgraphs), education (3D chalk-board), and data visualization. We have been developing a PC-based system with a multimedia architecture. Each participant uses a head-mounted display with a video camera at each eye, and mixes the live video with computer generated graphics to create a heads-up display of the common scene with added virtual objects. We present the architecture, design problems and solutions, and application experiences. >
Gender-specific survival following radical cystectomy for pT4 bladder cancer

To evaluate the association of gender with survival following radical cystectomy (RC) for patients with pT4 bladder cancer. We reviewed our institutional registry of 2,088 patients treated with RC between 1980 and 2005 to identify 128 with pT4 tumors, including 91 males and 37 females. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared with log-rank test. Cox hazard regression models were used to analyze the association of clinicopathologic demographics, including gender, with outcome. A total of 7 women and 30 men with pT4 tumor received perioperative chemotherapy. Median postoperative follow-up was 10.5 years, during which time 27 patients experienced local recurrence (LR) and 120 died, including 90 who died from bladder cancer. Women with pT4 tumor trended to have higher 5-year LR-free survival (72 vs. 59 %; p = 0.83), cancer-specific survival (31 vs. 17 %; p = 0.50), and overall survival (19 vs. 11 %; p = 0.33), although these differences did not reach statistical significance. On multivariate analysis, moreover, gender was not significantly associated with LR (HR 0.96; p = 0.93), cancer-specific mortality (HR 1.05; p = 0.87), or all-cause mortality (ACM) (HR 1.14; p = 0.58). Instead, poor ECOG performance status and pN+ disease were associated with an increased risk of ACM, while removal of a greater number of lymph nodes was associated with decreased ACM. We did not find gender-specific disparities in survival following RC for pT4 bladder cancer. Prognosis was instead driven by patient performance status and lymph node status.
Tools, Language and Cognition in Human Evolution

Tools, Language and Cognition in Human Evolution. Kathleen R. Gibson and Tim Ingold. eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. 483 pp.
Commentary: Osler in a Brave New World

The current issue ofAcademic Medicineincludes a proposal to reform internal medicine residency education by returning to the Oslerian ideal of an internist as a consultant‐generalist. To meet this goal, the proposed model focuses on a traditional inpatient learning experience with outpatient learning structured in blocks rather than continuity clinics. In this commentary, the author contends that today’s learning environment is significantly different from the learning environment of the 1890s when the Oslerian ideal was conceived. Inpatient wards are often filled with patients who arrive to the hospital ward with a diagnosis already made. Residency education needs to take into account the technological and scientific advances of today’s age to ensure that residents are learning the fundamental skills required of all physicians—delivering a precise differential diagnosis which leads to the ultimate evaluation and treatment plan. Meaningful experience with patients who cover the full spectrum of
Pinacol (Chloromethyl)boronate

[83622-42-8] C7H14BClO2 (MW 176.45) InChI = 1S/C7H14BClO2/c1-6(2)7(3,4)11-8(5-9)10-6/h5H2,1-4H3 InChIKey = ABFNBZSUTILCRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (precursor to allylic boronic esters for stereoselective reactions with aldehydes to form homoallylic alcohols;2 precursor to heterosubstituted methylboronates1) Alternate Name: 2-(chloromethyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane. Physical Data: bp 81 °C/14 mmHg; 1H NMR δ 1.22 (s, CH3), 2.77 (s, CH2Cl).3 Preparative Method: addition of BuLi to stirred ClCH2Br and B(OMe)3 in THF at −78 °C followed by Me3SiCl yields ClCH2B(OMe)2, which is transesterified with pinacol.4 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: (halomethyl)boronic esters are lachrymators and must be handled in a fume hood. As usual with reactive alkyl halides, skin contact should be avoided.
Subcutaneous granuloma annulare in childhood: clinicopathologic features in 34 cases.

Objective. To gather clinicopathologic data on subcutaneous granuloma annulare (SGA), a subtype of granuloma annulare that occurs exclusively in children and is histologically similar to rheumatoid nodules. Design. Retrospective record review. Patients. Children Results. Thirty-four patients (21 girls and 13 boys; average age at diagnosis: 4.6 years) were found to have SGA. The lesions predominantly occurred in the lower extremity, especially in a pretibial location. Local recurrence within 1 month to 7 years was documented in 38.2%; recurrence at other locations was documented in 14.7%. Average follow-up was 60 months; during follow-up, no patients developed signs or symptoms of rheumatologic disease. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 2 patients, 1 before the development of SGA and 1 after it by 1 month. Conclusions. SGA is a lesion that presents as subcutaneous nodules on the lower extremities, hands, or scalp in young children. Recurrence is common but usually does not warrant additional biopsy.
Fission Neutron Multiplicity for the 242mAm(n,f) Reaction

The fission neutron multiplicity, ν, of 242mAm(n,f) was measured relative to that of 235U(n,f) using the neutron time-of-flight facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 100-MeV elect...
Radiative Lifetimes for the 2 p π Π u 3 State of the Hydrogen Molecule

A calculation is made of the radiative electric dipole transition probabilities coupling the vibrational levels of the $2p\ensuremath{\pi}^{3}\ensuremath{\Pi}_{u}$ and the $2s\ensuremath{\sigma}^{3}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{g}$ electronic states of hydrogen. The radiative lifetimes for those vibrational levels lying above the ground state are found to be approximately 100 \ensuremath{\mu}sec. The lifetime of the ground vibrational level, decaying by magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole emissions, is estimated to be 1 msec. Finally, a calculation is made of the dependence of the radiative lifetimes upon an external electric field.
The School of the Dialogue of Cultures

Based on retrospective analysis, the article addresses the issues of the School of the Dialogue of Cultures (SDC) movement in Russia and Ukraine, which represents a promising direction for global educational reform toward teaching humanitarian thinking. It specifically argues that the SDC promotes multiculturalism and democracy in conflict/postconflict nations and in developed democracies.
Ada Run Time Support Environments and a common APSE Interface Set

The paper discusses the importance of linking Ada Run Time Support Environments to the Common Ada Programming Support Environment (APSE) Interface Set (CAIS). A non-stop network operating systems scenario is presented to serve as a forum for identifying the important issues. The network operating system exemplifies the issues involved in the NASA Space Station data management system.
A tribute to David B. Skinner, M.D.

Dr. David B. Skinner, dear friend, colleague and mentor to so many in the surgical community, died in New York on January 24, 2003, one day after suffering a massive cerebral hemorrhage. He was 67 years old. Dr. Skinner served as a role model for academic surgeons, demonstrating the balance and commitment needed to achieve excellence in research, teaching and clinical surgery while maintaining the values of family and community. His leadership in restructuring the nation’s largest academic healthcare delivery system will have a lasting impact on improving healthcare in this country.
Sedimentation of Heavy Crystal Particles under Microgravity Conditions

Crystals grown from specially prepared liquid solutions have important industrial applications such as in biochemical processes, refining etc. The efficiency of these crystals is usually a function of their size. Therefore, it is important to optimize the crystal size, and be able to control the defect location and concentration. For this reason, crystals have been grown in space in order to take advantage of the reduced gravity. However, due to the complexity of the microscopic chemical and macroscopic thermo-fluid phenomena, understanding of the growth of these crystals is still in its infancy. In this paper we present a high resolution finite element model describing the macroscopic dynamics of the fluid and the crystals under various microgravity conditions. The process is modelled by a set of coupled two-phase fluid dynamic equations and solved using a Finite Element segregated solution procedure. The numerical solutions were stabilized using concepts from flux corrected transport (FCT) scheme. Results are shown for the sedimentation rate and the complex velocity field induced by the motion of the heavy particles.
NUMERICAL MODEL FOR DUNE EROSION DUE TO WAVE UPRUSH

The objective of the work presented herein is to quantitize dune erosion as a function of the awash mechanics. In order to achieve this aim, a numerical model is developed which solves the one dimensional continuity and momentum equations for depth and velocity of the swash at the face of the dune. These parameters are then used as input to the dune erosion model which predicts the e::tent of toe retreat of the dune as a function of time. Since the model is formulated in real time, both short and long term events may be simulated. This is particularly important in terms of understanding the short term event in which the dune and beach face do not achieve an equilibrium profile.
Trends in Testosterone Prescription and Public Health Concerns

Testosterone supplementation therapy (TST) has become increasingly popular since the turn of the century. Most prescriptions in the U.S. are written by primary care providers, endocrinologists, or urologists. The FDA has requests pharmaceutical companies provide more long term data on efficacy and safety of testosterone products. Results from these studies will help define the appropriate population for TST going forward. It is hoped that these data combined with physician and public education will minimize inappropriate prescribing and allow those likely to benefit from TST to receive it.
Questionnaire Survey on Health Education Knowledge among 118 Pupils in A Primary School in Shanghai

[Objective] To study the awareness rates of health knowledge among pupils of Baoshan No.3 Central Primary School in Shanghai,know the requirements and suggestions for health education from the pupils to provide basis for perfecting the current Health Course.[Methods]The questionnaire from Shanghai health education Association was used,118 pupils from 4 classes of Grade Four finished independently in given time.[Results] The average correct rate of True/False in the questionnaire was 90.67%,and the rest 9.33% could not specify the correct definition.The average correct rate of Multiple-Choice in the questions was 81.86%,indicating a relative weak cognitive ability among pupils.[Conclusion]The pupils of Baoshan No.3 Central Primary School do not have enough health knowledge,and their cognitive ability is relatively poor.Many pupils made mistakes in Multiple-choice questions.We thus suggest that the method and content of health education should be improved.
A medical book collection for physician assistants.

Selecting resources for physician assistants is challenging and can be overwhelming. Although several core lists exist for nursing, allied health, and medical libraries, judging the scope and level of these resources in relation to the information needs of the physician assistant is difficult. Medical texts can be highly specialized and very expensive, in essence, “overkill” for the needs of the physician assistant. This bibliography is meant to serve as a guide to appropriate medical texts for physician assistants. Titles were selected from the Brandon/Hill list, Doody's Electronic Journal, and various other reference resources. Resources were evaluated based on the subject and scope, audience, authorship, cost, and currency. The collection includes 195 titles from 33 specialty areas. Standard texts in each area are also included.
Guest Essay: The ultra-urban botanic garden

Scot Medbury is president of Brooklyn Botanic Garden. He has been involved in the curation, cultivation and interpretation of public gardens for 35 years, having held appointments at prominent institutions in California, Washington State, Hawaii, the UK and New Zealand. Scot currently serves as a member of the governing councils of Botanic Gardens Conservation International, the Center for Plant Conservation and the International Dendrology Society. He is a trustee of and chairs the Historic Landscape Committee of Brooklyn’s Green-Wood Cemetery, and serves as an advisor to four American public gardens. He holds an MSc from the University of Washington’s Center for Urban Horticulture and a BA from the University of Washington Jackson School of International Studies.
Satellite: joint analysis of CDNs and network-level interference

Satellite is a methodology, tool chain, and data-set for understanding global trends in website deployment and accessibility using only a single or small number of standard measurement nodes. Satellite collects information on DNS resolution and resource availability around the Internet by probing the IPv4 address space. These measurements are valuable in their breadth and sustainability - they do not require the use of a distributed measurement infrastructure, and therefore can be run at low cost and by multiple organizations. We demonstrate a clustering procedure which accurately captures the IP footprints of CDN deployments, and then show how this technique allows for more accurate determination of correct and incorrect IP resolutions. Satellite has multiple applications. It reveals the prevalence of CDNs by showing that 20% of the top 10,000 Alexa domains are hosted on shared infrastructure, and that CloudFlare alone accounts for nearly 10% of these sites. The same data-set detects 4,819 instances of ISP level DNS hijacking in 117 countries.
Immune Evasion and Modulation by Listeria monocytogenes

Listeria monocytogenes has long served as a model pathogen for elucidating many functions of the immune response. Both the innate and adaptive immune systems are crucial to the recognition and elimination of this pathogen from the host. However, although L. monocytogenes infection induces robust immune responses, the bacterium has evolved mechanisms to evade and modulate the immune response. Its intracellular niche allows it to evade several aspects of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Expression of different virulence factors during infection leads to modulation of other arms of the immune response. In this chapter, we focus on the specific mechanisms L. monocytogenes has evolved to evade and modulate the host immune response. 12.
Family Instability and Material Hardship: Results from the 2008 Survey of Income and Program Participation

This study used longitudinal, nationally representative data from the 2008 Survey of Income and Program Participation to explore how each of six sources of instability (employment shocks, household formation shocks, residential changes, income changes, household size changes, and disability shocks) impacted the key domains of material hardship (food insecurity and medical, housing and essential expense hardship). The study found that income shocks and having a person with a disability join the household were the only consistent triggers for all types of material hardship, and that overall, sources of instability had an asymmetrical impact on material hardship; that is, sources of instability did not help households when they were removed as much as they harmed households when introduced. These results provided a nuanced understanding of the household dynamics that result in economic and family instability in the US and provided new evidence regarding why some households were unable to cover basic needs.
Impact of pathologic tumor response in the treatment of gastric cancer.

The treatment of gastric cancer in the U.S. and Europe has largely been affected by trials demonstrating improved survival with perioperative treatment with chemotherapy. As such, assessing the pathologic tumor response to such treatment may provide important information as to the efficacy of neoadjuvant treatment, and several systems have been established to grade the pathologic response. Currently, however, no defined treatment strategy exists for how to treat patients post-operatively with poor tumor response. The question remains: should patients with a poor tumor response to neoadjuvant therapy undergo a different adjuvant therapy strategy?
Quantum computers: the first gate opens

A quantum computer would be a marvellous thing. It would be fast and versatile because each of its individual processors could exploit the quantum mechanical principle of superposition to carry forward many different computations in parallel. A quantum computer could crack cryptographic codes and recognize patterns in image processing applications that an ordinary computer could not.
Verified Secure Implementations for the HTTPS Ecosystem: Invited Talk

The HTTPS ecosystem, including the SSL/TLS protocol, the X.509 public-key infrastructure, and their cryptographic libraries, is the standardized foundation of Internet Security. Despite 20 years of progress and extensions, however, its practical security remains controversial, as witnessed by recent efforts to improve its design and implementations, as well as recent disclosures of attacks against its deployments. The Everest project is a collaboration between Microsoft Research, INRIA, and the community at large that aims at modelling, programming, and verifying the main HTTPS components with strong machine-checked security guarantees, down to core system and cryptographic assumptions. Although HTTPS involves a relatively small amount of code, it requires efficient low-level programming and intricate proofs of functional correctness and security. To this end, we are also improving our verifications tools (F*, Dafny, Lean, Z3) and developing new ones. In my talk, I will present our project, review our experience with miTLS, a verified reference implementation of TLS coded in F*, and describe current work towards verified, secure, efficient HTTPS.
Bilirubin Oxidation Products Seen Post Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Have Greater Effects on Aged Rat Brain Compared to Young

Introduction: We have previously shown that novel oxidation products of Bilirubin, called Bilirubin oxidation products (BOXes), are found in humans and animal models post subarachnoid hemorrhage. We have also proposed that BOXes may play a role in the pathogenesis and clinical complications post SAH. In this study we report on the direct toxicity effects of BOXes on rat brain.
Neurologic Injury in Acidemic Term Infants.

Objective To determine whether arterial umbilical cord gas (aUCG) pH, in anatomically normal-term infants, could select infants at risk for brain injury identified on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Study Design We performed a nested case-control within a prospective cohort of 8,580 women. Cases, with an aUCG pH Results Fifty-five cases were matched to 165 controls. There was no statistical difference in brain injury between the groups (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.7–4.4]). Base excess ≥ −8 mEq/L was not significantly associated with brain injury (p = 0.12). There was no increase in risk of injury based on elevation of arterial lactate ≥ 4 mmol ⁄L (p = 1.00). Cases were significantly more likely to have an abnormal score in several domains of the Dubowitz neurologic examination. Conclusion The aUCG acid-base parameters alone are not sufficient clinical markers to identify term infants that might benefit from MRI of the brain to identify injury.