cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Compressive Failure due to Kinking of Fibrous Composites

A new approach to compressive strength modeling of fibrous composites, that bridges the micromechanics relevant to compressive failure due to fiber kinking with the global characteristics of a comp...
Cancer Mortality in U.S. Counties with Hazardous Waste Sites and Ground Water Pollution

Since the late 1950s, more than 750 million tons of toxic chemical wastes have been discarded in an estimated 30,000 to 50,000 hazardous waste sites (HWSs). Uncontrolled discarding of chemical wastes creates the potential for risks to human health. Utilizing the National Priorities Listing (NPL) of hazardous waste sites developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), this study identified 593 waste sites in 339 U.S. counties in 49 states with analytical evidence of contaminated ground drinking water providing a sole source water supply. For each identified county, age-adjusted, site-specific cancer mortality rates for 13 major sites for the decade 1970-1979, for white males and females, were extracted from U.S. Cancer Mortality and Trends 1950-1979. Also, HWS and non-HWS counties that showed excess numbers of deaths were enumerated for each cancer selected. Significant associations (p less than .002) between excess deaths and all HWS counties were shown for cancers of the lung, bladder, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, and rectum for white males; and for cancers of the lung, breast, bladder, stomach, large intestine, and rectum for white females when compared to all non-HWS counties. There were no consistent geographical patterns that suggested a broad distribution of gastrointestinal cancers associated with HWSs throughout the United States, although we did identify a cluster of excess gastrointestinal cancers in counties within states located in EPA Region 3 (Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
MJO-related oceanic Kelvin waves and the ENSO cycle: A study with the NCEP Global Ocean Data Assimilation System

[1] The surface wind anomalies associated with the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) appear to play a critical role during the onset and termination phases of ENSO. The characteristics of the MJO-related oceanic Kelvin waves have not been systematically studied due to a lack of ocean reanalysis that resolves intraseasonal variability. This study uses the operational ocean reanalysis for the period 1982– 2003 produced by the state-of-art global ocean data assimilation system at NCEP to explore the relationship between SST anomalies of ENSO and MJO-related oceanic Kelvin waves. The first four extended empirical orthogonal functions of the depth of 20C isotherm are used to represent the dominant oceanic Kelvin waves. The wave activity is measured by seasonal variance of oceanic Kelvin waves (SVKW) at 130W. SVKW peaks are associated with the onset stage of warm ENSO events since they occur during the transition period and tend to produce positive tendency in NINO3.4 and heat content, and lead mature phases by 5–11 months. MJO-related oceanic Kelvin wave activity is also shown to impact the growth and termination of warm events. The consistent relationships do not occur in cold events. A real time monitoring tool using SVKW index is proposed to support the official ENSO forecast at NCEP. Citation: Seo, K.-H., and Y. Xue (2005), MJO-related oceanic Kelvin waves and the ENSO cycle: A study with the NCEP Global Ocean Data Assimilation System, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L07712, doi:10.1029/2005GL022511.
Getting Serious about `Interrogating Representation' An Indigenous Turn

Steve Woolgar has urged the sociology of scientific knowledge to 'interrogate representation', and he has advocated an exploration of reflexivity issues as a means toward this end. However, ten years of scholarship addressing the meaning and purpose of a subdiscipline dedicated to displaying the social constructedness of all texts (including, at least by implication, its own) have yielded little. I propose an approach to the reflexivity dilemma, and to the larger question of 'representation', which differs significantly from those previously attempted. This alternative requires the genuinely radical step of considering a very different philosophy of language than the one(s) currently shared by SSK researchers and the scientists whose accounts constitute SSK's 'data'. Philosophies of language which might serve as instructive examples presently exist in the thought of some indigenous peoples, particularly American Indians. I explore one such philosophy as it is articulated by a Navajo student of traditional learning. I then show how such a philosophy of language reconfigures the reflexivity problem, and also offers SSK some ideas about how it might begin to do what it cannot presently do: formulate a genuinely radical interrogation of representation.
Alkaline ribonuclease inhibitor in human thyroid.

Abstract Thyroids of goitrogen-treated rats contain increased amounts of a protein inhibitor of ribonuclease activity at pH greater than 7 (alkaline ribonuclease inhibitor, ARI). We report here that thyroids from hyperthyroid patients contain more ARI than normal human thyroids. This increase parallels RNA concentration. The inhibitor is heat labile, inactivated by sulfhydryl blocking agents, and has a molecular weight near 50,000 daltons. ARI is quantitated by its activity against bovine pancreatic RNase, but it also inhibits human thyroid RNase. Analyses of a solitary toxic nodule and its surrounding suppressed tissue confirm in tissues from a single patient our results in tissue from numbers of thyrotoxic and euthyroid individuals and decrease the likelihood that changes are induced by antithyroid medication. A possible regulatory role for ARI is suggested.
Design and construction of a thermal neutron target for the RPI linac

Abstract To perform thermal cross section measurements the low energy neutron intensity from the RPI linac facility was increased. A new Enhanced Thermal Target (ETT) was designed, constructed and tested. The thermal flux of the new target was up to six times greater than the flux from the previous RPI Bounce Target (BT). This additional gain allows transmission measurements to be performed in the energy range of 0.001 to 15 eV with high statistical accuracy in a short time (∼ 40 h). The ETT was also designed to be coupled to a cold moderator that will give an additional flux increase factor of about 9 below 3 meV. Design calculations for the cold moderator including neutronics and cryogenics are also given.
Localization of the olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channel subunit 1 in normal, embryonic and regenerating olfactory epithelium.

Abstract The spatial and temporal expression of subunit 1 of the olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channel was investigated using affinity-purified anti-fusion protein antibodies. Immunoreactivity was most prominent in the ciliary layer of the olfactory epithelium, but high protein expression was also seen along the entire length of olfactory receptor neuronal axons to the level of the glomeruli. Electron microscopy showed that the long, thin distal compartments of olfactory cilia labeled more prominently than their thicker proximal segments. This was true as soon as these distal parts began to develop. Using light microscopy, developmental expression of olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channel subunit 1 could be detected in discrete populations of olfactory receptor neurons by embryonic day 14. Other signaling molecules are expressed either later (G olf ) or only at the level of the epithelial surface and not in axons (adenylyl cyclase type III). Following unilateral lesions of the olfactory bulb, olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channel subunit 1 immunoreactivity was present early and throughout developing olfactory receptor neurons; adenylyl cyclase type III immunoreactivity, in contrast, was detectable only later, and again present only in the cilial layer. These results support the hypothesis that this subunit of the olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channel may be involved in olfactory axon guidance, in addition to its well-described role in olfactory signal transduction.
Analysis of Slope Limiters on Irregular Grids

This paper examines the behavior of flux and slope limiters on non-uniform grids in multiple dimensions. Many slope limiters in standard use do not preserve linear solutions on irregular grids impacting both accuracy and convergence. We rewrite some well-known limiters to highlight their underlying symmetry, and use this form to examine the proper - ties of both traditional and novel limiter formulations on non-uniform meshes. A consistent method of handling stretched meshes is developed which is both linearity preserving for arbitrary mesh stretchings and reduces to common limiters on uniform meshes. In multiple dimensions we analyze the monotonicity region of the gradient vector and show that the multidimensional limiting problem may be cast as the solution of a linear programming problem. For some special cases we present a new directional limiting formulation that preserves linear solutions in multiple dimensions on irregular grids. Computational results using model problems and complex three-dimensional examples are presented, demonstrating accuracy, monotonicity and robustness.
Simulation of modified human airborne movements

Abstract A method has been developed to permit the analysis of a real-life motion and subsequent simulation of a modified motion. In the method an airborne activity is filmed with two high-speed motion-picture cameras. The films are subsequently analysed to calculate time-dependent three-dimensional coordinates of 21 body landmarks. From the coordinates a series of parameters of the filmed trial are computed. Subsequently, perturbations are introduced into the parameters defining the initial conditions of the airborne motion and/or the patterns of motion of the segments relative to the upper trunk. The resultant modified motion of the multi-segment body model is then generated by computer simulation. The period of validity of the simulated motion was estimated at approximately 0.6–0.8 sec, although this figure could vary for different activities or subjects.
A radioenzymatic assay for normetanephine in brain tissue

Abstract A simple, rapid and sensitive radioenzymatic assay for measurement of normetanephrine (NMN) in the brain has been described. The assay which is based on conversion of NMN to its N-methylated tritiated derivative metanephrine ( 3 N-MN), by partially purified bovine adrenal phenyl-ethanolamine-N-methyl represents an extension of a previously developed procedure for measurement of urinary NMN. The sensitivity of the assay is 50 pg and results can be obtained in less than 4 hours. In rat brain, NMN concentration was 61 ± 3.4 ng/gm for hypothalamus and 82 ± 4.2 for brain stem at level of obex in male rats; 74 ±11 and 139 ± 10, respectively in female rats. Measurement of NMN in different areas of the brain may help to elucidate possible involvement of central nervous system in the pathophysiology of disease states such as hypertension. The role of central catecholamines in the pathogenesis of disease states has been investigated by a variety of techniques. These include methods which estimate relative concentrations of catecholamines in different parts of the neurones (1,2) and absolute concentrations in specific brain nuclei (3). In addition, estimates been made of catecholamine synthesis (4,%) an dturnover rates (6). Neurotransmitter actually released into the synaptic cleft cannot be measured. Moreover, part of what is released is taken up again by the neurone. The remainder is subject to catabolism and the resulting metabolic products may well reflect the amount of physiologically active transmitter. This report describes a rapid specific and sensitive assay for measurement of the O-methylated metabolite of norepinephrine, normetanephrine (NMN) in brain tissue, which is an extension of a previously developed procedure for urinary NMN (31). The metabolite is stable and readily extracted into solvents.
Reconstruction of three-dimensional microstructures of TiB phase in a powder metallurgy titanium alloy using montage serial sectioning

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) microstructures of TiB phase in a powder metallurgy Ti–6Al–4V–1.7B alloy processed using two different routes are reconstructed from large-area high-resolution montage serial sections. Visualizations of the 3D microstructures are used to determine the effects of the processing route on the morphology, anisotropy, and spatial distributions of TiB particles.
Using Term Extraction Patterns to Discover Coherent Relationships from Open Source Intelligence

Unstructured open source information, especially the social, political, economic and cultural events described within web-based text/news articles, often contain possible motives for cyber security and trust issues. Automated processing of numerous open source intelligence sources requires the discovery of key domain terms, their conceptual hierarchies and the coherent relationships among them. A syntactic analysis of the word sequences in unstructured text documents allows for the extraction of subject-predicate-object triples, which form the basis for Term Extraction Patterns (TEP). In our research, we use TEPs to discover domain-specific multi-word entities which in turn, can be arranged in a taxonomy based on their semiotic inter-relationships. We explore the use of this method within the cyber security domain and analyze a collection of related news articles gathered from various public web sources. In this paper our initial results of term extraction and the semantic coherence derived from the TEP analyses are described. Our work extends beyond current methods, and our contribution is a novel methodology to extract semantics from unstructured text in domain specific open source information and its application to predict cyber attack outbreaks.
A low-sensitivity on-chip impulse radio pulse generation method

A new impulse radio pulse generation method that combines the time-shifted and scaled versions of a baseband pulse is proposed. The parameters of the pulse generator are chosen to minimize the sensitivity of the resulting spectrum to process variations and device mismatches. The proposed design obviates the need for a 5-10 GHz local oscillator and is expected to take up less space and dissipate less power than an up-conversion type pulse generator.
Predicted distribution of visible and near-infrared radiant flux above and below a transmittant leaf

The effects are studied analytically of leaf size, leaf height, and background reflectance on the upward and downward radiant flux (RF) of a leaf. The leaf is horizontal and isotropically scattering in the computer model which examines the light environment in three regions about the leaf. The spectral properties of the leaf are based on measurements of the big-leaf maple, and the model is interpreted in terms of relative RF which is defined as a percentage of the total light in the model. The results demonstrate the dependence of upward relative RF on the light's wavelength and background reflectance with large variations in the NIR. Brightness varies directly with distance from background with maximum brightness achieved at lower heights for smaller leaves. These and other results suggest that NIR canopy reflectance due to leaves is highly dependent on the background reflectance.
Enabling high-speed asynchronous data extraction and transfer using DART

As the complexity and scale of applications grow, managing and transporting the large amounts of data they generate are quickly becoming a significant challenge. Moreover, the interactive and real-time nature of emerging applications, as well as their increasing runtime, make online data extraction and analysis a key requirement in addition to traditional data I-O and archiving. To be effective, online data extraction and transfer should impose minimal additional synchronization requirements, should have minimal impact on the computational performance and communication latencies, maintain overall quality of service, and ensure that no data is lost. In this paper we present Decoupled and Asynchronous Remote Transfers (DART), an efficient data transfer substrate that effectively addresses these requirements. DART is a thin software layer built on RDMA technology to enable fast, low-overhead, and asynchronous access to data from a running simulation, and supports high-throughput, low-latency data transfers. DART has been integrated with applications simulating fusion plasma in a Tokamak, being developed at the Center for Plasma Edge Simulation (CPES), a DoE Office of Fusion Energy Science (OFES) Fusion Simulation Project (FSP). A performance evaluation using the Gyrokinetic Toroidal Code and XGC-1 particle-in-cell-based FSP simulations running on the Cray XT3-XT4 system at Oak Ridge National Laboratory demonstrates how DART can effectively and efficiently offload simulation data to local service and remote analysis nodes, with minimal overheads on the simulation itself. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous Determination of Pregnanediol and Pregnanolone in Urinary Extracts by Gas Chromatography

A method for the simultaneous determination of pregnanediol and pregnanolone in urinary extracts by gas chromatography is described. The method involves prior enzymatic hydrolysis of the steroid conjugates, chloroform extraction, and quantitation by means of gas chromatography.
THE LIFE HISTORY AND PREDATORY EFFICIENCY OF RAVINIA LHERMINIERI (DIPTERA: SARCOPHAGIDAE) ON THE FACE FLY (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE)

In laboratory tests, Ravinia lherminieri (Robineau-Desvoidy) larvae significantly reduced the numbers of face fly, Musca autumnalis De Geer, eggs or larvae (98% mortality), in 100 ml of bovine feces at R. lherminieri to face fly ratios down to 10:200. Face fly immature mortality due to R. lherminieri decreased from 98% to 0% as the volume of feces per larva increased from 10 ml to 80 ml. Although R. lherminieri larvae survived on feces alone, their survival increased 26% (63% vs. 89%) when face fly immatures were added to the feces.
Response of Xanthium strumarium leaf respiration in the light to elevated CO2 concentration, nitrogen availability and temperature

Summary • The leaf-level response of respiration in the light ( R L ) is a vital component of a plant’s energy and carbon balance. • Xanthium strumarium (common cocklebur) plants were grown in various combinations of CO 2 , nitrogen and temperature, and R L was measured using the Kok effect method. • R L was significantly lower than respiration in the dark ( R D ), with the lowest percentage inhibition in the elevated CO 2 , high-N treatment. In general R L increased in response to increased CO 2 concentration and N availability across all temperature treatments. However, there was a significant interactive effect of growth CO 2 concentration and measurement temperature on R L which indicated that R L responded more positively to temperature changes in elevated CO 2 conditions. Additionally, across all CO 2 and N treatments the percentage of respired C with respect to assimilated C increased as temperature increased. • Collectively, these results improve our understanding of the magnitude and sensitivity to foreseen environmental changes of mitochondrial respiration during light hours.
Predicting Functional Resilience Among Young-Adult Children of Opiate-Dependent Parents

Abstract Purpose This study describes the adversities experienced by a sample of children of opiate-dependent parents, examines criteria for young adulthood functional resilience, and tests parent, child, and school predictors of resilience. Methods The Focus on Families (FOF) project was a randomized trial of a family-focused intervention with opiate-dependent individuals in methadone treatment and their children. Analyses were conducted on data from the children in treatment and control families during the original study (1991–1995) and a long-term follow-up interview (2005–2006). Results Although all participants had an opiate-dependent parent, 70% experienced two or more additional types of childhood adversity and 20% experienced four or more types. A total of 24% met the following three criteria for functional resilience at the time of their young-adult interview: (1) working or being enrolled in school, (2) no history of substance abuse or dependence, and (3) no adult criminal charges in the prior 5 years. The FOF intervention did not significantly predict functional resilience. Girls were approximately four times more likely to exhibit resilience than boys. Experiencing a wider range of adversities in addition to having an opiate-dependent parent did not reduce the likelihood of functional resilience. Of the five child, family, and school predictors tested, only externalizing or internalizing problems in childhood were significantly associated with the likelihood of functional resilience (odds ratio=.30, p = .04) as a young adult. Conclusions These findings suggest that early intervention with families with opiate-dependent parents to prevent and reduce internalizing and externalizing problems in their children holds the most promise of supporting resilient adaptation in early adulthood.
A Genetic Screen to Discover Pathways Affecting Cohesin Function in Schizosaccharomyces pombe Identifies Chromatin Effectors

Cohesion, the force that holds sister chromatids together from the time of DNA replication until separation at the metaphase to anaphase transition, is mediated by the cohesin complex. This complex is also involved in DNA damage repair, chromosomes condensation, and gene regulation. To learn more about the cellular functions of cohesin, we conducted a genetic screen in Schizosaccharomyces pombe with two different cohesin mutants (eso1-G799D and mis4-242). We found synthetic negative interactions with deletions of genes involved in DNA replication and heterochromatin formation. We also found a few gene deletions that rescued the growth of eso1-G799D at the nonpermissive temperature, and these genes partially rescue the lagging chromosome phenotype. These genes are all chromatin effectors. Overall, our screen revealed an intimate association between cohesin and chromatin.
Cultural Methods for Aflatoxin Detection

Aflatoxins present important food safely problems in both developed and developing countries. Contamination is monitored in developed countries using enzyme‐linked immunusorbent assay (ELISA)‐ and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)‐based assays, both of which may be too expensive for routine use in many developing countries. There is a need for inexpensive alternative approaches to detect aflatoxins in lots of foods and feeds. Reviewed here are culture‐based methods that determine if a sample is contaminated with aflatoxigenic fungi. These approaches include 1) blue fluorescence of aflatoxin B1, particularly when enhanced by including β‐cyclodextrin in the culture medium, 2) yellow pigment production, and 3) color change on exposure to ammonium hydroxide vapor. The presence of aflatoxin B1 can be detected by its blue fluorescence, which is enhanced when the toxin complexes with the hydrophobic pocket of β‐cyclodextrin. The yellow pigment and ammonium hydroxide vapor tests are based on the produ...
Investigating the Secretory Pathway of the Baculovirus-Insect Cell System Using a Secretory Green Fluorescent Protein

The secretory pathway is important in actively transporting proteins into the extracellular environment of eucaryotic cells. In this study a green fluorescent protein (GFP) mutant engineered to contain a secretion signal was used as a model protein in order to visualize the secretion process inside insect cells. Fluorescent microscopy indicated that significant amounts of secreted green fluorescent protein (sGFP) accumulated in High-Five, Trichoplusia ni, cells following infection with a baculovirus vector containing the gene under the polyhedrin promoter. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to reconstruct whole cell images of the infected High-Five cells at multiple days postinfection. While the protein was widely distributed at 2 days postinfection, certain intracellular regions appeared to contain higher or lower concentrations of the sGFP. A layer by layer examination indicated pockets in which sGFP was absent, and these appear to be vesicles that have recently released the sGFP or are not yet accumulating sGFP. By 3 days postinfection, the sGFP in some cells was concentrated in a number of widely dispersed globules, which may represent the vesicle remnants of a deteriorating secretory pathway. In contrast, nonsecreted GFP was more uniformly distributed in the cells than sGFP and did not accumulate in vesicles. In addition to GFP, the lectins wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and concanavalin A (ConA), which have affinities for sugar residues, were used to examine the secretory pathway. The WGA, which is a Golgi marker, was distributed around the nucleus prior to infection but then was found to be polarized in one region of the cell following the baculovirus infection. The expansion of other cellular compartments following the baculovirus infection may have caused a change in intracellular distribution of the Golgi. While some of the sGFP was found to colocalize with the WGA label, much of the sGFP was outside this Golgi region. In contrast, ConA labeling, which was not as specific as WGA, was found throughout the cell both before and after infection similar to the sGFP distribution. These studies demonstrate that confocal visualization of fluorescent proteins can be used as an in vivo tool for examining secretory processing in insect cells.
Pressurized internal lenticular cracks at healed mica interfaces

The equilibrium states of internal penny cracks at interfaces in thin-sheet bodies are investigated. Consideration is given to cracks held open by a center-loading force from an entrapped particle in combination with a uniform pressure from a fixed mass of entrapped gas. A fracture mechanics analysis indicates that under these conditions the cracks are stable, but are amenable to growth from an enhancement in net pressure (increase in internal pressure or decrease in external pressure) or effective particle size. Essential details of the theory are confirmed by experiments on lenticular cracks at healed interfaces in muscovite mica. The results are pertinent to flaw responses in brittle ceramic systems where structural integrity is an issue.
Metabolic Consequences of Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Youth: Appropriate Monitoring and Clinical Management

OBJECTIVE To review the metabolic consequences of second-generation antipsychotics in youth and current monitoring and intervention guidelines for optimal treatment. BACKGROUND Second-generation antipsychotics have largely replaced the use of first-generation antipsychotics in treating psychotic disorders in youth. In addition, there has been a dramatic increase in using these medications to treat a variety of nonpsychotic disorders. These medications have significant metabolic side effects, including weight gain. This raises concern, given the problem of pediatric obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review of current literature looking at prescribing practices and possible reasons for the increased use of second-generation antipsychotics in children and adolescents was conducted. Review of the mechanisms for why youth may be particularly vulnerable to the metabolic consequences (particularly weight gain) was similarly completed. In addition, data supporting the efficacy, rationale, and unique side-effect profile of each individual second-generation drug were evaluated to help inform providers on when and what to prescribe, along with current monitoring practices. The current evidence base for possible interventions regarding the management of antipsychotic-induced weight gain was also evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION On the basis of the literature review, there are several speculated reasons for the increase in prescriptions of second-generation antipsychotics. The choice of antipsychotic for youth should be based upon the disorder being treated along with the unique side-effect profile for the most commonly used second-generation antipsychotics. Monitoring strategies are also individualized to each antipsychotic. The current interventions recommended for antipsychotic-induced weight gain include lifestyle management, switching medication to a drug with a lower propensity for weight gain, and pharmacologic (particularly metformin) treatment.
In Vivo Studies of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Factor in the Chicken Hypothalamus

Abstract Induction of ovulation was used to evaluate luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (LRF) activity in acidic extracts of chicken hypothalamus infused directly into the anterior pituitary of the hen. LRF activity was found in extracts of stalk-median eminence (SME), posterior pituitary and tuberal hypothalamus, but not in extracts of cerebral cortex. The crude SME extract was highly effective in inducing premature ovulation when infused into the adenohypophysis, but evoked no response when infused into adjacent hypothalamic structures or the systemic circulation. On fractionation of the SME extract on Sephadex G-25, LRF activity emerged in the same region of the column effluent as did oxytocic activity. However, a battery of control procedures indicated that the LRF activity is not attributable to mesotocin or arginine vasotocin. Intrapituitary infusion of dopamine, histamine, acetylcholine, epinephrine, norepinephrine or seratonin gave negative results. From these data, LRF in the chicken appears to be a low molecular weight, peptide-like material distinct from known median eminence hormones.
Gamma Delta T Cell Reconstitution Is Associated with Fewer Infections and Improved Event-Free Survival after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Pediatric Leukemia

Abstract After hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), successful engraftment and immune recovery is necessary to protect the patient from relapse and infection. Many studies highlight the importance of conventional αβ T cell recovery after HSCT, but the impact of γδ T cell recovery has not been well described. Here, we investigate the recovery of γδ T cells in 102 pediatric patients with acute leukemia in first clinical remission who underwent allogeneic HSCT at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital from 1996 to 2011. Mean patient age was 10.5 ± 5.9 years (range, .6 to 25.2), and mean survivor follow-up was 2.7 ± 1.8 years (range, .12 to 6.0). Diagnoses included 59% patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 41% patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Multivariate analysis demonstrated significant impact of the maximum number of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells and donor source on the γδ T cell recovery (P
Regularized robust filters for time-varying uncertain discrete-time systems

This note develops robust filters for time-varying uncertain discrete-time systems. The developed filters are based on a data regularization solution and they enforce a minimum state-error variance property. Simulation results confirm their superior performance over other robust filter designs.
A Comparison of the Metabolism of Geometrical Isomers of 14C-Δ9-Octadecenoic Acid in Threonine-imbalanced Rats

To explore the means by which dietary elaidic acid can limit liver lipid accumulation in threonine-imbalanced rats, 14C-elaidicacid was given to animals prefed threonine-imbalanced diets containing elaidinized olive oil. 14C-oleicacid-dosed animals fed untreated olive oil as the diet fat served as con trols. Tissue radioactivity was assessed 4 and 8 hours after gavage. Elaidic acid was excreted via the urine at a slower rate than oleic acid; however, it initially was incorporated into liver phospholipids and low density lipoproteins to a much greater extent than oleic acid. When 14C-elaidicacid was given to animals prefed untreated olive oil, it was distributed in the same manner as in the animals pre fed elaidinized olive oil. J. Nutr. 102: 1429-1436, 1972.
DENSITIES AND COVER DATA FOR INTERTIDAL ORGANISMS IN THE GULF OF MAINE, USA, FROM 2003 TO 2007

Experimental clearings in macroalgal (Ascophyllum nodosum) stands were made in 1996 to determine if mussel beds and macroalgal stands on protected intertidal shores in New England represent alternative community states. Uncleared control plots and four sizes of circular clearings, which mimicked ice scour events, were established in A. nodosum stands at 12 sites on Swan's Island, Maine, USA. The purpose of this data set is to provide access to data on densities and percent cover in the 60 experimental plots from 2003 to 2007 and to update data from 1996 to 2002 that are already published in Ecological Archives. Data include densities of mussels (Mytilus edulis and Modiolus modiolus), an herbivorous limpet (Tectura testudinalis), herbivorous snails (Littorina littorea, Littorina obtusata), a predatory snail (Nucella lapillus), a barnacle (Semibalanus balanoides), and fucoid algae (Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus), and percent cover by mussels, barnacles, fucoids, and other sessile organisms.
Neural regulation of the enhanced uptake of glucose in skeletal muscle after endotoxin

Previous studies have demonstrated that in vivo injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) acutely stimulates glucose uptake (GU) in skeletal muscle. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether this enhanced GU is neurally mediated. In the first group of rats, a unilateral sciatic nerve transection was performed 3 h before injection of LPS, and in vivo GU was assessed using 2-[14C]deoxy-D-glucose 40 min after LPS injection. At this time, LPS-treated rats were hyperglycemic (12 mM), and insulin levels were not different from control rats. In the innervated leg, LPS increased GU 43-228%, depending on the muscle type. In contrast, LPS failed to increase GU in muscles from the denervated limb. In other experiments, somatostatin was infused to produce an insulinopenic condition before the injection of LPS. Despite insulinopenia, muscle GU was still increased by LPS. In control rats, in which the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique was used, acute muscle denervation was shown to impair insulin-mediated GU in the presence of pharmacological, but not physiological, insulin levels. Non-insulin-mediated GU (NIMGU) was assessed in rats that were insulinopenic and hyperglycemic. In innervated muscle, NIMGU was increased 56-126 and 118-145% when the plasma glucose was elevated to 9 and 12 mM, respectively. In contrast, hyperglycemia-induced increases in NIMGU were attenuated in denervated muscle. These data demonstrate that 1) the early LPS-induced stimulation of muscle GU is mediated via a non-insulin-mediated pathway and 2) the LPS-induced increase in NIMGU in muscle is neurally mediated.
Psychiatric Comorbidity in Alcohol Dependence

We review our clinical studies of psychiatric comorbidity in short-term and long-term abstinent and in treatment naive alcoholics (STAA, LTAA and TNA). TNA ypically have less severe alcoholism than treated abstinent samples and evidence less severe psychiatric disturbance. Lifetime psychiatric diagnoses are the norm for STAA and LTAA but not for TNA. Individuals with alcohol and drug use disorders show greater antisocial personality disturbance, but do not show differences in the mood or anxiety domains or in borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms. The studies show that alcoholics can achieve and maintain abstinence in the face of ongoing mood, anxiety, or BPD problems. By contrast, for ASPD, LTAA essentially stop current antisocial behaviors in all seven domains of antisocial behaviors. We believe that ongoing antisocial behavior is not consistent with maintaining abstinence, and that LTAA modify their antisocial behavior despite continued elevated social deviance proneness and antisocial dispositionality. Abstinent individuals without lifetime psychiatric disorders and TNA show more (subdiagnostic threshold) psychiatric symptoms and abnormal psychological measures than non-alcoholic controls in the mood, anxiety, BPD, and antisocial domains. In summary, our studies show that although LTAA have achieved multi-year abstinence, they still report significant psychological distress compared to NAC. We believe this distress may negatively affect their quality of life. This suggests the importance of developing effective care models to address comorbid mental health problems in LTAA. We also show that antisocial personality disorder symptoms decline to the levels seen in normal controls, and that excluding individuals from research with a psychiatric diagnosis does not control for subdiagnostic psychiatric differences between alcoholics and controls.
Reactive crystallization of β-lactam antibiotics: strategies to enhance productivity and purity of ampicillin

Seeded reactive crystallization in the manufacture of semi-synthetic β-lactam antibiotics is described and the beneficial effects on yield are discussed. Conventional enzymatic synthesis of β-lactam is limited by secondary hydrolysis reactions that consume the desired product as it is being produced. Recent work in this area has pointed to the potential advantage of performing reactions at conditions that allow product crystallization to reduce the rate of secondary hydrolysis by protecting ampicillin in the solid phase. However, these approaches led to crystallization of both D-phenylglycine and ampicillin, which will greatly increase downstream processing. In the work described here, seeded crystallization is used to promote secondary nucleation of the desired ampicillin while it is being produced by the synthesis reaction, thereby selectively crystallizing ampicillin. Quantification of the solid phase confirmed selective crystallization of ampicillin with purities greater than 95% wt in all runs.
Content Analysis and Categorization: Towards a Systematization of the Literature on Counterfeiting and Piracy

The purpose of this chapter is to provide the results of the content analysis of the 572 collected articles. After having read all the articles, and based upon the categorization scheme proposed by the most recent and general literature review (Staake et al. 2009), the Author classifies each article based upon its main themes, objectives and contributions into one (or more) of six categories. Among these, the demand-side analysis (DSI), which delves into consumer attitudes, intentions and behaviors towards illicit goods, is the absolute richest followed by the anti-counterfeiting/piracy strategies, tools and actions (ACSTA) employed by companies to fight against these instances.
REMEDY: Remote exercise monitoring using an evaluative data sensing system for cancer

Exercise is complementary to cancer prevention, care, and survivorship. Exercise is considered safe and effective during and after cancer treatment when conducted under supervision and in controlled environments. Less is known about the safety and effectiveness of unsupervised, home-based exercise programs. Implementing methods of monitoring and reporting can provide more information and potentially enhance exercise effects and program integrity. This paper describes the development of REMEDY, a remote monitoring sensor system consisting of a wireless body-area network (WBAN), cloud database, mobile assisted application, and a set of intelligent algorithms. REMEDY can provide real-time exercise monitoring, participant feedback, and quality assessment that may lead to safer and more effective exercise programs and exercises for cancer patients and survivors.
ALLERGIC IRRITABILITY : III. THE INFLUENCE OF CHRONIC INFECTIONS AND OF TRYPAN BLUE ON THE FORMATION OF SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES.

1. The allergic irritability of the guinea pig (capacity of the animal to react to antigenic substances) is increased by infection with Bacillus abortus and a streptococcus, by the dead tubercle bacillus, and by intensive treatment with trypan blue, respectively. The effect of these influences, while definite, is less pronounced than that previously found for infection with the tubercle bacillus. The production of anti-sheep hemolytic amboceptor was used as the test reaction in these cases. 2. The allergic irritability of the guinea pig with reference to anti-typhoid agglutinin is increased by infection with the tubercle bacillus. 3. The allergic irritability of the rabbit with reference to anti-sheep hemolytic amboceptor is increased by an infection of suitable severity with the tubercle bacillus. 4. In the guinea pig the curve of antibody production is complex. Its peculiarities are developed during the production of antityphoid agglutinins as well as that of anti-sheep hemolytic amboceptor. In the latter case injections of antigen subsequent to the first give rise to a curve of production unchanged in form but somewhat affected in the time relations. 5. The effects of infection with Bacillus tuberculosis on allergic irritability with reference to anti-sheep hemolytic amboceptor are operative throughout a course of immunizing treatments. The successive increases due to the cumulative effect of repeated doses of the antigen are developed on a higher level. The end-result is that the animal with increased irritability furnishes more antibody not only in response to the initial injection of antigen as previously described, but an absolute increase over the amount attainable by a comparable number of treatments in series. That portion of the final result contributed by the increase in allergic irritability appears to be no less, and may even in instances be somewhat more than that due to the earlier doses of the specific antigen.
Rail transit investment and property values: An old tale retold

Although a number of researchers have used the hedonic pricing model to value transit improvements by comparing prices of real estate properties within a certain distance from a transit station with those beyond that distance, the accuracy of these assessments is subject to questioning due to methodological limitations. By analyzing single-family and multi-family property sale transactions in Los Angeles (CA) during 2003 and 2004, this spatial hedonic study examines how the property value effects of rail transit can become volatile depending on housing markets, rail transit technologies, near-station land uses and transit development phases. By contrasting results from the spatial Durbin models and the Geographically Weighted Regression models with those from the conventional Ordinary Least Squares approach, the study shows the estimation accuracy can be improved considerably by controlling for the spatial dependence effect. Proximity to mature rail transit stations generally benefits multi-family property values, but the effect is negative for single-family properties. Residents (especially those from single-family households) seem to favor proximity to heavy rail transit more than light rail services. The premiums for rail transit accessibility also largely depend on different development phases and can be heavily discounted by the existence of Park-and-Ride facilities. This study provides policy makers with new empirical evidence and analytical tools to revisit value capture as a financing alternative and to reform investment strategies for rail transit services.
Experimental characterization of a laser-triggered spark-gap switch

We have developed an experimental test bed to characterize the performance of a laser-triggered spark-gap switch, particularly as it transitions from photoionization to current conduction. The switch is triggered by a focused 532-nm wavelength beam from a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with a pulse duration of about 10 ns. The trigger pulse is delivered along the longitudinal axis of the switch, and the focal spot can be placed anywhere along the 5-mm, gas-insulated gap between the switch electrodes. Laser-triggered discharges consisting of pulses with as much as 15 kV across the switch and 4 kA of current through it have been obtained. The discharge through the switch is driven using an underdamped circuit that generates pulses lasting about 500 ns.
Is nasotracheal intubation safe in facial trauma patients

Abstract Background In the prehospital setting, oral intubation is preferred in facial trauma patients due to the potential for further injury during nasotracheal intubation. This study compared the complications of nasal vs. oral vs. nasal + oral intubations performed by first responder crews in facial trauma patients. Our objective was to assess patient outcomes and complications to determine the risk of nasal intubation in facial trauma patients in the prehospital setting. Methods Patients with facial trauma between 2008 and 13 were abstracted from the Miami Valley Hospital trauma registry: 50 were nasal only (n), 27 nasal + oral (no) , and 135 oral only (o) intubation. Analysis of variance with the post-hoc Least Significance Difference Test and the chi square test were used in the analysis. Results The oral group was older [41.1 ± 17.6 (o) vs. 36.2 ± 14.1 (n) vs. 33.0 ± 15.7 (no), p = 0.032] and had a higher facial abbreviated injury severity (AIS) mean score (1.8 ± 0.6 vs. 1.3 ± 0.5 vs. 1.5 ± 0.5, p nasal + oral patients were more likely to have one or more of the eight complication studied [63% (no) vs. 28% (o) vs. 34% (n), p = 0.002], and have a longer ICU and HLOS. Conclusions Prehospital nasal intubation is a viable short-term alternative to oral intubation in patients with facial trauma and warrants further research.
High-G (>20,000g) inertial shock survivability of epitaxially encapsulated silicon MEMS devices

In this work, we demonstrate both high-frequency (1.12 MHz) MEMS tuning fork resonators and lower frequency (39kHz) MEMS test devices capable of withstanding large magnitude inertial shocks. These devices reliably continue to function after the application of repeated inertial shocks in excess of 20,000g. The device performance, and the robust, pure silicon encapsulated environment are both preserved. Detailed before/after analysis and high-speed real time measurements confirm the functionality of the devices. High frequency, single anchored devices display no measureable change in properties, and even low frequency devices have high survival rates and only small changes in surface adhesion.
The Pseudoscorpions of Illinois

Pseudoscorpions are minute animals only a few millimeters long, with the general appearance of diminutive scorpions except that they have no tails. They belong to the large phylum of joint-legged animals, the Arthropoda, and to the class Arachnida. which, in addition to the pseudoscorpions, embraces the spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions, and other related groups. Pseudoscorpions are seclusive in habit, occurring in soil cover and rotten logs, under bark, and in similar places out of doors: one species is found in houses. In their natural habitat, these little brown animals arc difficult to see. especially when they draw in their legs and "play possum." In this position they look like little specks of dirt. Probably because pseudoscorpions are inconspicuous, few collections of the group have been made in the past, and the fauna, at least of North America, and especially of the central and north-central United States, has remained scantily known. The object of this report is twofold, first to present illustrated keys and descriptions for the identification of species in this region, and, secondly, to summarize information regarding the distribution, biology, and habitat preferences of the species. As an aid in use of the keys, a section has been included on morphology, in which the structures now considered of major taxonomic importance are explained. Summarizing the distribution has been especially difficult because many identifications made prior to Chamberlin's work are probably incorrect and should be rechecked before they are cited. Because of this situation there is little accurate information to serve as a guide in foretelling what additional described species may be collected in Illinois. In order to make this report of wide application, the keys have been made to include all the genera known from the central and northeastern portions of the United States and adjacent portions of Canada.