cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Responses to unpleasant work relationships

The likelihood of use in Rusbult's (e.g., Rusbult & Zembrodt, 1983) typology of exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect responses to romantic relationships was assessed for its general applicability to unpleasant work relationships. Correlational analysis revealed that one's own orientation to an unpleasant work relationship and the perception of the other person's orientation to the problematic relationship were associated with the voice response. Loyalty was associated with one's own orientation to the problematic relationship, as was the neglect response. Status relative to the unpleasant person was found to shape one's responses to the relationship as well. Some correlations varied by gender.
Egg Turning, Pipping Position and Malpositions

Abstract THE ability of the chick embryo to orient itself within the shell prior to hatching time is a subject of dispute. Hutt and Pilkey (1934) stated that if eggs are placed horizontally on a tray on the eighteenth day, and not turned subsequently, all eggs which hatch are pipped on the upper surface. They stated further that eggs turned on the nineteenth and twentieth days are pipped about equally on upper, lower, and intermediate surfaces. They presented no data to support their statements. Waters (1935a) presented data for 225 eggs turned four times daily after the seventeenth day and for 225 controls not turned after the seventeenth day. The turned eggs were pipped about equally on all surfaces, as Hutt and Pilkey stated, but the unturned eggs were also pipped about equally on all surfaces. Byerly and Olsen (1936) reported that about 5 percent of eggs not turned after the . . .
Comparing the effectiveness of two kinds of continued fractions

Abstract We prove a Lochs-type result that compares the rate of approximation of two different kinds of continued fraction expansions. Two major ingredients of the proofs are: (1) the entropies of the maps that generate these continued fraction expansions and (2) a recent result of Dajani and Fieldsteel that compares the effectiveness of number theoretic expansions.
Using neural networks to diagnose cancer

While artificial brains are in the realm of science fiction, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are scientific facts. An artificial neural network is a computational structure modeled somewhat on the neural structure of the brain; both have many highly interconnected processing elements. These biologically inspired processing elements are taught by feeding examples until the results are acceptable. In the past 5 years, neural networks have become successful in providing meaningful second opinions in clinical diagnosis. In our research, a prototype artificial neural network was trained on numeral ultrasound data of 52 actual cases and then correctly identified renal cell carcinoma from renal cysts and other conditions without diagnostic errors. Our nonlinear artificial neural network was trained on software using the standard backpropagation paradigm on a 80386 microcomputer. Our ANN learned from ultrasound data in 52 cases (17 malignant, 30 cysts, and 5 other) at a Memphis hospital. The trained prototype performed without error on 47 cases which were not in the data used for training. This prototype must be validated by extending this study to more cases.
Providing Alumni Access to Electronic Resources

Abstract University alumni are frequently surprised and dismayed to find that access to online library resources is terminated at graduation. Alumni have been vocal for years about their need for library resources as they move into the working world, and campus alumni offices are frequently eager to provide this service in order to maintain ongoing relationships with alums. Publishers are beginning to include alumni as authorized users in electronic resources contracts with models for free or paid access. Most academic libraries have not begun or are in the early stages of working with alumni offices to provide this service. This article discusses opportunities and challenges of designing and implementing successful alumni access to electronic resources.
Resource allocation in on-line reading by younger and older adults.

Younger and older adults read a series of expository passages for immediate recall by self-pacing the presentation sector-by-sector on a computer screen. Regression analysis of sector reading times (RT) was used to estimate the time allocated by individuals to word-level (i.e., syllable length and mean word frequency), text-level (i.e., number of propositions, number of new concepts introduced, and total Yngve depth), and discourse-level (i.e., serial position) features. Age differences were found in the pattern of reading time allocation that engendered high levels of recall. Specifically, younger adults who achieved high recall were more responsive to word frequency and the introduction of new concepts. By contrast, high recall among the old was related to a greater degree of on-line contextual facilitation (i.e., a steeper serial position effect). These data suggest that there is an age difference in how the allocation of resources at encoding optimizes subsequent memory performance.
Dissociation between microneurographic and heart rate variability estimates of sympathetic tone in normal subjects and patients with heart failure.

The concept that spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) can estimate cardiac sympathetic nerve traffic in subjects with both normal and impaired left ventricular systolic function has not been validated against muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). We used coarse-graining spectral analysis to quantify the harmonic and non-harmonic, or fractal, components of HRV and to determine low-frequency (0.0-0.15 Hz; PL) and high-frequency (0.15-0.5Hz; PH) harmonic power. To test the hypothesis that MSNA and HRV representations of sympathetic nerve activity (PL and PL/PH) increase in parallel in heart failure, we recorded heart rate and MSNA during supine rest in 35 patients (age 52.4+/-2 years; mean+/-S. E.M.), with a mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 22+/-2%, and in 34 age-matched normal subjects. Power density was log10 transformed. Mean MSNA was 52.9+/-2.6 bursts/min in heart failure patients and 34.9+/-1.9 bursts/min in normal subjects (P<0.0001). In normal subjects, but not in heart failure patients, total power (PT) (r=-0.41; P=0.02) and fractal power (PF) (r=-0.36; P=0.04) were inversely related to age. In heart failure patients, total and fractal power were reduced (P<0.009 for both), and were inversely related to MSNA burst frequency (r=-0.55, P=0.001 and r=-0.60, P=0. 0003 respectively). In normal subjects, there was no relationship between MSNA and either PL or PH. In heart failure patients, as anticipated, PH was inversely related to MSNA (r=-0.41; P<0.02). However, PL was also inversely rather than directly related to MSNA (r=0.44 for 1/log10 PL; P<0.01). There was no relationship between other sympathetic (PL/PH) or parasympathetic (PH/PT) indices and MSNA in either heart failure patients or normal subjects. The lack of concordance between these direct and indirect estimates of sympathetic nervous system activity indicates that this component of HRV cannot be used for between-subject comparisons of central sympathetic nervous outflow. It is the absence of low-frequency power that relates most closely to sympathetic activation in heart failure.
A DNA vaccine targeting the receptor-binding domain of Clostridium difficile toxin A

Clostridium difficile is a pathogen with increasing severity for which host antibody responses provide protection from disease. DNA vaccination has several advantages compared to traditional vaccine methods, however no study has examined this platform against C. difficile toxins. A synthetic gene was created encoding the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of C. difficile toxin A, optimized for expression in human cells. Gene expression was examined in vitro. Mice were inoculated and then challenged with parenteral toxin A. Vaccination provided high titer antibodies and protected mice from death. This represents the first report of DNA vaccine inducing neutralizing antibodies to C. difficile toxin A.
A simple model of the human cervix during the first stage of labor

Abstract Published observations of the birth system during the first stage of labor indicate that the system is limited to the cervix, the uterus, and its contents. The cervix is modeled with an axisymmetric ring. The fetal head is approximated by an ellipsoid. By comparison with experimental data this model confirms the hypothesis that intrauterine pressure causes dilatation. Friction between the head and the cervix is negligible. Cervical tissue displays an exponentially elastic and a linearly viscous component. Cervical dilatation is predicted with multiple correlation coefficients of 0·97 and 0·94 for two labors.
Cavitation in crosslinked polymers: Molecular dynamics simulations of network formation

Abstract Crosslinked organic polymers are used in a wide variety of coatings and composites to distribute stress, increase toughness and protect the substrate by limiting the passage of aggressive chemicals. Enhancing performance of crosslinked polymers requires understanding how precursor chemistry and geometry, as well as crosslinking protocol, determine the structure and performance of the resulting network. Previous molecular dynamics studies have indicated that cavitation produces pores in simulated liquids, even metals (and the resultant solids), when there is only a single type of force, usually van der Waals, between particles. Here we show that nano-sized cavitation voids also occur in a system bound by van der Waals (Lennard–Jones) forces that is additionally crosslinked with strong covalent (FENE) bonds to form 3 or 6 functional solid networks. Cavitation was observed in both systems. These voids are not a consolidation of “free volume”, nor due to a loss of volatiles, but happen as the solidification/cooling stresses exceed the local tensile strength of the material. At temperatures well above the glass transition temperature, “free volume” is distributed evenly throughout the sample in very small pores. As the system cools through its rubbery phase, a few larger voids form via cavitation. Although the loci of these larger voids is associated with crosslinked nodes, cavitation involves the rupturing of weak van der Waals (Lennard–Jones) bonds between molecular chains in regions not constrained by the strong intramolecular bonds. Voids were observed to form during rapid quenches, as well as during much slower cooling at fixed volume, which emulates adhesion of the network to a more rigid body. The voids are large compared to the dimensions of aggressive ionic species and water molecules, and may potentially reduce the barrier properties of a crosslinked coating or composite. Such pore formation, via cavitation, during network formation and curing is not incorporated in current theories of the crosslinking process.
Gender Differences in Attitudes toward Science and Technology among Majors.

In the USA, women have consistently been proportionally underrepresented in science and technology (S&T). In these disciplines, as students move from high schools to colleges to graduate programs, qualified women drop out at higher rates than do men, resulting in a striking loss of talented students. Attitude toward a discipline is one of the major factors in students’ choice of majors. As a result, attitudes toward S&T are issues with longstanding attention and interest in education research. Retention of female students in S&T majors remains a major concern. The purpose of the study was to investigate attitudes toward S&T including attitudes toward female participation in S&T, among S&T majors, and examine differences by gender and class standing. Such an investigation would provide deeper insights to help devise strategies to retain women in S&T majors.
Automated analysis of fluid flow topology

A new approach for visualizing vector data sets was developed by reducing the original vector field to a set of critical points and their connections, and was applied to fluid flow data sets. The critical point representation allows for considerable reduction in the data complexity. The representations are displayed as surfaces which are much simpler than the original data set, yet retain all the pertinent flow topology information. It is suggested that topological representations may be useful for database comparison.
Phosphorylation of linker histone is associated with transcriptional activation in a normally silent nucleus.

Previous studies have suggested that micronuclear linker histones are phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in Tetrahymena (Sweet, M.T., and C.D. Allis. 1993. Chromosoma. 102: 637-647). In this study, we report that a rapid and dramatic phosphorylation of the micronuclear linker histone, delta, occurs early in the sexual pathway, conjugation. Phosphorylated isoforms of delta are detected as early as 30 min after mixing cells of different mating types; blocking pair formation abolishes this induction completely. Phosphorylation of delta is stimulated by the addition of N6-benzoyladenosine 3':5' cyclic monophosphate to starved (nonmating) cells, suggesting that a PKA/cAMP signal transduction pathway is involved. Maximal phosphorylation of delta is observed during meiotic prophase, a period when micronuclei become transcriptionally active. In situ staining, using phospho-delta-specific antibodies combined with [3H]uridine autoradiography, shows that decondensed micronuclear chromatin undergoing active transcription is enriched in phosphorylated delta isoforms. In contrast, condensed inactive micronuclear chromatin is enriched in dephosphorylated delta. These results strongly suggest that phosphorylation of linker histone plays an important and previously unsuspected role in establishing transcriptional competence in micronuclei.
Development and Current Status of Home‐Delivered Meals Programs in the United States: Are the Right Elderly Served?

Federal home-delivered meals programs for the frail elderly began in the United States in the 1970s, and during the 1980s the provision of meals to the homebound elderly has been expanded through development of state-funded meals programs. The time has now come to pose two questions relative to coverage and program impacts. These questions are whether the program serves those who are currently most needy and whether the meals programs reduce the need for higher levels of care. Information available suggests that the elderly most served are those with socioeconomic problems that reduce their ability to obtain regular meals. Medical disability as a criterion for program eligibility or priority is less often used. The new finding that provision of home-delivered meals reduces hospitalization rates has to be reexamined, to ask the key question of whether the medically needy are actually kept out of the hospital by being provided with home-delivered meals.
Analysis of coccal cell formation by Campylobacter jejuni using continuous culture techniques, and the importance of oxidative stress.

Campylobacter jejuni is an important human gastrointestinal pathogen. In hostile environments it may adapt its physiology to prolong survival, potentially including the adoption of a viable, non-culturable form and a change to coccal cell morphology. By independently controlling the individual parameters of continuous cultures of Camp. jejuni (e.g. pH, nutrient limitation, growth rate, etc.), coccal cell formation was shown to be elicited only be high oxygen tension in conjunction with reduced carbon concentration. Electron microscopy revealed degradative changes in these cells. This occurred as a transient response over 48 h coincident with a large reduction in maximum growth rate and viable count. Kinetic analysis of the biomass reduction of the cultures demonstrated that significant underlying growth was maintained, with the subsequent selection of a more oxygen-resistant population of cells and reversion to spiral morphology. Coccal cells appear to be predominantly a degenerate form of Camp. jejuni resulting from oxidative damage. While some of these coccal cells may recover, the more interesting population of cells is probably that which retains, or regains, spiral morphology during adaptation to oxidative stress.
Nicotine Increases Osteoblast Activity of Induced Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in a Dose-Dependent Manner: An in vitro Cell Culture Experiment.

Previous studies by our group showed that nicotine delivered via a transdermal nicotine patch significantly enhanced posterior spinal fusion rates in rabbits. Nicotine transdermal patches provide a steady serum level; there may be a dose-dependent effect of nicotine on posterior spinal fusion. In an in vitro cell culture model of rabbit bone marrow–derived osteoblast-like cells, cells were exposed to different concentrations of nicotine (0, 20, 40, 80 ng/mL and 10, 100, 250 μg/mL). Wells were stained with an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining kit to determine ALP enzyme activity. Cells were stained with Von Kossa for mineralization. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using dose and time as variables showed significant differences among groups; post hoc analysis showed that the 100-μg/mL dose of nicotine significantly enhanced ALP activity over controls. A one-way ANOVA using dose as the variable showed that the 100- and 250-μg/mL doses had significantly greater mineralization than controls. Dose-response analysis revealed a statistically significant effect of nicotine dose on ALP activity and Von Kossa activity. The effects of nicotine on spinal fusion may be dose-dependent and due to stimulation of osteoblastic activity. Nicotine may not be responsible for the inhibited bone healing observed in smokers.
How Lipids Mediate Pten Tumor Suppressor Function

Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is an important regulator of the PI 3-kinase signaling pathway. Mutation or deletion of one copy of this protein results in a tumorigenic state and PTEN has been identified as the second most important human tumor suppressor, rivaled only by p53. Not surprisingly, PTEN function is tightly regulated at the post-translational level as well as through interactions with lipids and other proteins. We have shown that PTEN binds synergistically to phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) and phosphatidylserine (PS), which leads to membrane association and allosteric activation. In this talk we will present molecular details about the interaction of PI(4,5)P2 with PTEN's N-terminal end as well as the interaction of PS with PTEN's C2 domain. In addition, we will discuss how PTEN function is affected by the lateral distribution of phosphoinositide lipids.
Transformations Between Epithelium and Mesenchyme: Normal, Pathological, and Experimentally Induced

0 In this review, we define the two major tissue types, epithelium and mesenchyme, and we describe the transformations (transdiierentiations) of epithelium to mesenchyms (EMT) and mesenchyme to epithelium (MET) that occur during embryonic development. The diitiation of the metanephrtc blastema provides a striking example of MET. Diintiation of metanephric epithelium is promoted by matrix molecules and receptors (nidogen, laminins, & integrins), hepatic growth factor/scatter factor, and products of the genes writ-1, wnt4, and Pax-2 Transformation of MDCK epithelium to mesenchyme-like cells is promoted in vitro by antibodies to E-cadherin, products of v-sfc, v-ras, and v-mos, and by manipulation of the epithelium on collagen gels. ffuspension in collagen gel, transforming growth factors, and c-fos have also been shown to promote EMT in epithelia. We present studies from our laboratory showing that a5fil integrin has a role in the EMT of lens epithelium that is brought about by suspension in collagen gel. Our laboratory has also shown that transfection with the E-cadherin gene induces embryonic comeal fibroblasts to undergo MET and that this MET is enhanced by interaction of the diierentjating epithelium with living fibroblasts. This review calls attention to the roles that EMT and MET might have in kidney pathologies and urges further study of the involvement of these phenomena in renal development, renal injury, and renal malignancy. 0 1995
Regional forest landscape restoration priorities: Integrating historical conditions and an uncertain future in the northern Rocky Mountains

National law and policy direct the management of the National Forests, with restoring resilient forest conditions being an overarching theme. Climate is a major driver of disturbances that affect ecosystems, especially those with vegetation that show large departures from historical conditions. Drought, fire, insects, and diseases are common forest stressors whose impacts are being exacerbated by climate change. These stressors are threatening the ecosystem services that people value in the forests of the northern Rocky Mountains. The forests of most concern are the dry ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir, moist western white pine mixed with western larch, and cool lodgepole pine mixed with quaking aspen and whitebark pine. Potential reductions in some ecosystem services pose a challenge in terms of not only direct biophysical consequences but also social and economic values that flow from these forests. Values at risk include forest integrity, wildlife habitat, watershed condition, fish habitat, recreation opportunities and investments, community infrastructure, and public safety. This article describes a decision support tool developed by the USDA Forest Service Northern Region in 2010 to support integrated restoration planning. The Northern Region's Integrated Restoration and Protection Strategy (IRPS) is premised on identifying historical conditions through application of the natural range of variability, comparing them with current conditions, and considering a broader range of future issues, including climate change. The IRPS assists managers in the complex task of evaluating factors that influence national forest planning efforts. The assessment and IRPS, by integrating ecological, social, and economic considerations, will help managers of national forests prioritize restoration opportunities using increasingly scarce financial resources. The IRPS will be most beneficial when associated with planning silvicultural practices and fire management directed at restoring the forests of the Northern Region to a more resilient condition.
The Effect of a Competitive and Cooperative Environment on the Comprehension of a Cognitive Task

AbstractSix hundred fifty-two Ss were divided alphabetically into cooperative and competitive sets of eights. Each S was given a play booklet with 12 targets from which to develop rules for placing the target correctly. After 20 minutes, play booklets were collected and a 30-item matrix test was administered in which each S was to identify if the targets were correctly placed. Comparisons of the results observed between groups were made by ANOVA. It was found that a cooperative learning environment is not more conducive to the learning of a mental task than is a competitive learning environment.
Hardware accelerated multichannel receiver

Software-based radios implemented on general-purpose processors are cheaper, easier, and faster to develop, maintain, and upgrade than hardware-based equivalents. Unfortunately, today's general-purpose processors are not fast enough to process certain waveforms. The current alternative is to use application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) for all the signal processing. These operate at very high speeds but are dramatically more expensive and require lengthy development cycles. A single, often small, block is responsible for the bulk of signal processing in a large class of radios. It is therefore very wasteful to implement all the signal processing in a high-speed device such as an ASIC or FPGA. In this paper, we present a software-centric architecture that offloads only the most computationally expensive tasks to an FPGA. The resultant system combines the advantages of both platforms, while minimizing the disadvantages of each. An open-source software radio platform is combined with a consumer off-the-shelf (COTS) FPGA development board to create a hardware-accelerated multichannel receiver. The FPGA is efficiently utilized by partitioning the device into multiple accelerator regions and taking advantage of runtime partial reconfiguration to reconfigure each region as needed during operation. Comparisons between a software-only receiver and a hardware-accelerated implementation are performed.
Job changing decisions of faculty members: a case study of a model with multiple selection

A model of faculty job search behaviour must explain the two decisions of whether to search for another position and of whether to accept the new position if an offer is received. Developing a theoretical model of this process is not diffcult, but estimation difficulties caused by the self-selection inherent in the data subsamples of non-searchers, searchers who stay, and searchers who leave must be considered. To estimate the structural determinants of these decisions we make assumptions regarding the covariance matrix of the error terms of the structural equations that allow us to use a straightforward extension of earlier approaches to this problem. The particular variables that correspond to the theoretical measures in the model are not common to most data bases on faculty. Thus, we were forced to use a rather old data base to estimate the model, which reduces the usefulness of the estimates for current policy purposes. Nonetheless, the estimates do shed light on the efficacy of the model and illustra...
Transcription factor regulation of epidermal keratinocyte gene expression

The epidermis is a tissue that undergoes a very complex and tightly controlled differentiation program. The elaboration of this program is generally flawless, resulting in the production of an effective protective barrier for the organism. Many of the genes expressed during keratinocyte differentiation are expressed in a coordinate manner; this suggests that common regulatory models may emerge. The simplest model envisions a 'common regulatory element' that is possessed by all genes that are regulated together (e.g., involucrin and transglutaminase type 1). Studies to date, however, have not identified any such elements and, if anything, the available studies suggest that appropriate expression of each gene is achieved using sometime subtly and sometime grossly different mechanisms. Recent studies indicate that a variety of transcription factors (AP1, AP2, POU domain. Sp1, STAT factors) are expressed in the epidermis and, in many cases, multiple members of several families are present (e.g., AP1 and POU domain factors). The simultaneous expression of multiple members of a single transcription factor family provides numerous opportunities for complex regulation. Some studies suggest that specific members of these families interact with specific keratinocyte genes. The best studied of these families in epidermis is the AP1 family of factors. All of the known AP1 factors are expressed in epidermis [52] and each is expressed in a specific spatial pattern that suggests the potential to regulate multiple genes. It will be important to determine the role of each of these members in regulating keratinocyte gene expression. Finally, information is beginning to emerge regarding signal transduction in keratinocytes. Some of the early events in signal transduction have been identified (e.g., PLC and PKC activation, etc.) and some of the molecular targets of these pathways (e.g., AP1 transcription factors) are beginning to be identified. Eventually we can expect to elucidation of all of the steps between the interaction of the stimulating agent with its receptor and the activation of target gene expression.
Value of serial echo-guided ramp studies in a patient with suspicion of device thrombosis after left ventricular assist device implantation.

Thrombus formation inside of the pump is a major cause for device malfunction following the left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. We recently established a novel ramp test protocol facilitating continuous bedside echo monitoring to optimize LVAD function and diagnosing device malfunctions. We describe a case of 29-year-old woman undergoing HeartMate II LVAD implantation, in whom serial ramp studies were used to diagnose intra-device thrombus after device implantation. The 1st ramp study at postoperative day (POD) 26 revealed adequate reduction in ventricular size according to the increase in LVAD speed (left ventricular end-diastolic diameter [LVEDD] at minimum and maximum speeds, 68 and 37 mm, respectively). The patient was discharged home and received routine anticoagulation maintenance therapy. However, a 2nd ramp test was performed on POD 56 due to increased lactase dehydrogenase and brain natriuretic peptide levels and showed marked increase in left ventricle (LV) chamber size without adequate response to the LVAD speed changes (LVEDD at minimum and maximum speeds, 88 and 76 mm, respectively). Given the suspicion for partial pump thrombosis, the patient was immediately hospitalized and received intravenous heparin infusion. After the optimization of the intensive anticoagulation therapy, the patient underwent a 3rd ramp study, which showed a remarkable improvement of the adequate response to LVAD speed changes. The patients eventually underwent cardiac transplant successfully, and the partial clot was found inside of the pump. This case demonstrates the usefulness of serial ramp studies in patients who are suspected to have device thrombosis.
Using solver to determine vertical groundwater velocities by temperature variations, Purdue University, Indiana, USA

Vertical groundwater velocities can be estimated based on directions of groundwater thermal gradients. Temperature-depth profiles were obtained from 12 monitoring wells at 3 different times of the year (Fall, Winter, and Spring) in West Lafayette, Indiana (USA) mainly on the Purdue University campus. Microsoft Excel Solver was used to match plots of groundwater temperature distribution in the wells with published type curves in order to find a dimensionless parameter β, from which vertical groundwater velocities were obtained. The vertical groundwater velocities found in the monitoring wells ranged from 0.92 to 4.53 cm/yr. Clay-rich aquitards presented greater vertical groundwater velocities than outwash aquifers. The highest groundwater velocities occurred in the Spring while the lowest were during the Winter. This method was found to be especially useful in glacially-derived materials with varying hydraulic conductivities for estimating vertical groundwater velocities in-situ.
Nucleosides in Human Urine I: Isolation and Identification of N2-Dimethylguanosine, 1-Methylinosine, and N2-Methylguanosine from Normal Human Urine

Using partition column chromatography, three methylated nucleosides have been isolated from normal human urine. The lyophilized urine was fractionated on a diatomaceous earth column using a formic acid gradient in an ethyl acetate-2-ethoxy-ethanol solvent system. Purification of the major fractions, using repeated paper chromatography, led to the isolation of methylated nucleosides, N2-dimethylguanosine, 1-methylinosine, and N2-methylguanosine. The identity of these nucleosides was established by comparison of their paper chromatographic and electrophoretic mobilities and UV spectra with those of authentic samples. Acid hydrolysis and the orcinol color reaction were in agreement with their identity as nucleosides.
The origin of new epidermal cells in the skin of normal and x‐rayed frogs

The skins of normal and x-rayed tadpoles and frogs were compared. Almost no mitotic figures occurred after the tenth day of larval life. The number of mitoses and the length of the period during which mitosis occurred were reduced by x-rays in proportion to the exposure. Spindle-shaped cells were found on the vertical connective tissue fiber bundles which connect the lower layer of the dermis with the under side of the epidermis in adult frogs. After exposure to 4000 r the number of these cells, which are believed to be traveling up the vertical strands to join the epidermis, was doubled. New, uninjured cells appeared in the basal epidermal layer following this increase. Since no appreciable number of mitotic divisions and no amitotic divisions were found in the epidermis, either normally or during the regeneration following exposure to x-rays, these ‘traveling-cells’ are held to be an important source of replacement in correlation with normal desquamation as well as desquamation caused by the irradiation.
An inelastic neutron scattering and NIR-FT Raman spectroscopy study of chloroform and trichloroethylene in faujasites

Molecular information about the nature and the strength of the interactions between chloroform and trichloroethylene (TCE) sorbates and siliceous FAU, NaY, and NaX zeolites was obtained by inelastic neutron scattering (INS) and Raman spectroscopies. The spectral features of the two sorbates differ in terms of their frequencies, splittings, and line widths from the ones of chloroform and TCE molecules in the gas phase. In conjunction with the authors simulation results, these differences are rationalized by assuming that, in siliceous FAU, the two sorbates undergo a nondissociative adsorption involving the formation of an H{sub sorbate}{hor{underscore}ellipsis}O{sub framework} hydrogen bond and Cl{sub sorbate}{hor{underscore}ellipsis}O{sub framework} van der Waals interactions, whereas in NaY and NaX, additional Cl{sub sorbate}{hor{underscore}ellipsis}Na{sup +} electrostatic interactions are involved. Interestingly, no {pi}/Na{sup +} interaction takes place for TCE. These findings, which are in agreement with previous calorimetric and simulation results, confirm that the strength of the sorbate/zeolite interactions is correlated to the basicity of the zeolite and therefore increases in the sequence siliceous FAU < NaY < NaX, following the sequence of the heats of adsorption.
The effects of Omega-3 fatty acids on growth regulation of epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines.

Abstract Objective. Omega-3 fatty acids (OM-3FAs) have been shown to possess anti-carcinogenic properties. We investigated the effect of OM-3FAs on epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines to determine if a growth suppressive effect existed and to gain a better insight on the potential molecular mechanisms that may be involved. Methods. Three epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV-3 [p53 null], TOV-21G [wt p53] and OVCAR-3 [mutant p53]) and one immortalized ovarian surface epithelial cell line (IOSE-29 [wt p53]) were treated with OM-3FAs and evaluated for cellular proliferation (WST-1 assay), apoptosis (Annexin V-FITC/PI method) and VEGF expression (VEGF ELISA assay). Results. A statistically significant inhibitory effect under the influence of OM-3FAs was detected in all four cell lines. Apoptosis and VEGF down-regulation were either limited or not detected in the p53 null and mutant cell lines, SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 respectively. Apoptosis and/or VEGF down-regulation was strongly evident in the wt p53 cell lines TOV-21G and IOSE-29. Conclusion. These data suggest that, under the influence of OM-3FAs, there are definitive growth suppressive mechanisms at work and that the biologic effects of OM-3FAs may in part be mediated by the p53 status.
Accidental Inequality: How Religious Youth Socialization Reproduces Social Inequality

How and why does religious socialization contribute to the reproduction of social inequality? An in-depth case study of religious youth programming provides an empirical investigation of the way that a primary institution that many youth encounter may serve to legitimate the broader field of social stratification. Despite the apparent lack of direct interest of religious congregations in maintaining a system of religious youth group from which some participating youth can benefit more than others, a neo-institutional analysis reveals systematic tendencies toward reproducing stratification. Mimetic isomorphism to schools is one explanation for the socially stratified patterns in religious youth programming.
Alteration of nuclear lamin organization inhibits RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription.

RTegulation of gene activity is mediated by alterations in chromatin organization. In addition, chromatin organization may be governed in part by interactions with structural components of the nucleus. The nuclear lamins comprise the lamina and a variety of nucleoplasmic assemblies that together are major structural components of the nucleus. Furthermore, lamins and lamin-associated proteins have been reported to bind chromatin. These observations suggest that the nuclear lamins may be involved in the regulation of gene activity. In this report, we test this possibility by disrupting the normal organization of nuclear lamins with a dominant negative lamin mutant lacking the NH2-terminal domain. We find that this disruption inhibits RNA polymerase II activity in both mammalian cells and transcriptionally active embryonic nuclei from Xenopus laevis. The inhibition appears to be specific for polymerase II as disruption of lamin organization does not detectably inhibit RNA polymerases I and III. Furthermore, immunofluorescence observations indicate that this selective inhibition of polymerase II–dependent transcription involves the TATA binding protein, a component of the basal transcription factor TFIID.
Q-angle influences tibiofemoral and patellofemoral kinematics

Numerous surgical procedures have been developed to correct patellar tracking and improve patellofemoral symptoms by altering the Q-angle (the angle between the quadriceps load vector and the patellar tendon load vector). The influence of the Q-angle on knee kinematics has yet to be specifically quantified, however. In vitro knee simulation was performed to relate the Q-angle to tibiofemoral and patellofemoral kinematics. Six cadaver knees were tested by applying simulated hamstrings, quadriceps and hip loads to induce knee flexion. The knees were tested with a normal alignment, after increasing the Q-angle and after decreasing the Q-angle. Increasing the Q-angle significantly shifted the patella laterally from 20 degrees to 60 degrees of knee flexion, tilted the patella medially from 20 degrees to 80 degrees of flexion, and rotated the patella medially from 20 degrees to 50 degrees of flexion. Decreasing the Q-angle significantly tilted the patella laterally at 20 degrees and from 50 degrees to 80 degrees of flexion, rotated the tibia externally from 30 degrees to 60 degrees of flexion, and increased the tibiofemoral varus orientation from 40 degrees to 90 degrees of flexion. The results show that an increase in the Q-angle could lead to lateral patellar dislocation or increased lateral patellofemoral contact pressures. A Q-angle decrease may not shift the patella medially, but could increase the medial tibiofemoral contact pressure by increasing the varus orientation.
Arms Race Theory: Strategy and Structure of Behavior

Introduction: Strategy and the Structure of Behavior in Arms Races The Problem of Interaction in Arms Accumulation Theories of Interaction in Arms Accumulation Methods for Representing Interaction in Arms Accumulation A Computational Model of Arms Accumulation Strategies of Arms Accumulation Research Summary and Conclusions on Armaments Accumulation Appendix A: The RICHLIT DBMS Appendix B: Documentation on ARES System Appendix C: Documentation on ARES Code Selected Bibliography Index
Recent changes in the management and outcome of acute closure after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.

Abstract The major cause of morbidity and mortality associated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is acute closure. This study compared the clinical outcome of 2 groups of patients who experienced acute closure during PTCA. One group was treated during a period when intracoronary stents, laser balloons and perfusion balloons were available for treatment of acute closure (group II). These results were compared with the clinical outcome a group of similar patients who were treated for acute closure during a period that immediately preceded the availability of these devices (group I). One hundred sixty-six patients had acute closure in group I, whereas 156 patients experienced acute closure in group II. Baseline clinical characteristics were similar for both groups. There was no difference in ejection fraction, number of vessels diseased, degree of stenosis or number of vessels attempted between the 2 groups. Patients in group II had more balloon inflations and longer balloon inflation times when compared with patients in group I. Of the 156 patients in group II, 47% were treated with either an intracoronary stent, laser balloon or perfusion balloon. Group II patients had fewer Q-wave myocardial infarctions (9.1 vs 20.3%, p = 0.005). In addition, peak creatine phosphokinase levels (826 ± 1,515 vs 517 ± 1,050, p
Deprivation of both sucrose and water reduces the mosquito heart contraction rate while increasing the expression of nitric oxide synthase

Abstract Adult female mosquitoes rely on carbohydrate-rich plant nectars as their main source of energy. In the present study we tested whether the deprivation of a carbohydrate dietary source or the deprivation of both carbohydrate and water affects mosquito heart physiology. Intravital video imaging of Anopheles gambiae showed that, relative to sucrose fed mosquitoes, the deprivation of both sucrose and water for 24 h, but not the deprivation of sucrose alone, reduces the heart contraction rate. Measurement of the protein, carbohydrate and lipid content of mosquitoes in the three treatment groups did not explain this cardiac phenotype. However, while the deprivation of sucrose reduced mosquito weight and abdominal width, the deprivation of both sucrose and water reduced mosquito weight even further without augmenting the change in abdominal width, indirectly suggesting that starvation and dehydration reduces hemolymph pressure. Analysis of the mRNA levels of crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP), FMRFamide, corazonin, neuropeptide F and short neuropeptide F then suggested that these neuropeptides do not regulate the cardiac phenotype observed. However, relative to sucrose fed and sucrose deprived mosquitoes, the mRNA level of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was significantly elevated in mosquitoes that had been deprived of both sucrose and water. Given that nitric oxide suppresses the heart rate of vertebrates and invertebrates, these data suggest a role for this free radical in modulating mosquito heart physiology.
A Transformative Collegiate Discourse

The languages, attitudes, experiences, and interests of groups of people are often interconnected through discourses. Within collegiate courses, systems of connected individuals progress through learning opportunities, often led by their professors. During one graduate course at Louisiana State University, two students acted as research investigators studying the unique characteristics of a collegiate discourse. The findings indicate that authors of the study were members of the discourse, topics of discussion were guided by only those students in attendance, and there was reciprocity in teaching and learning between active members of the discourse.
On the origin of low-18O magmas: Evidence from the Casto pluton, Idaho

The Eocene Casto pluton (Idaho) is a newly identified low- 18 O igneous rock, the first intrusive body related to caldera eruptions found to have this character. This pluton crystallized from a magma with a 6.7‰ o range of oxygen isotope ratios. These values vary gradationally across the pluton. The Casto pluton is a high-silica granite within the extensional trans-Challis fault zone. It intruded into the basal parts of the Thunder Mountain and Van Horn Peak cauldron complexes after they collapsed, and its rocks are intrusive equivalents of the eruptive rocks of the cauldrons. Unaltered Casto samples have δ 18 O values that range from 2.7‰ o to 9.4‰ o . Mineral-mineral fractionations in these rocks exhibit typical magmatic values: quartz-orthoclase averages 2.2‰ o and quartz-biotite averages 5.1‰ o . Thus, parts of the pluton crystallized from a low- 18 O magma. The low- 18 O values are thought to have resulted by assimilation of up to 55% hydrothermally altered wall rocks. The low values are concentrated in the central part of the pluton, along the southern extension of the Thunder Mountain cauldron complex. Similar to other Tertiary low- 18 O igneous rocks in the American Cordillera, the Casto pluton crystallized from a high-silica magma emplaced within an extensional tectonic environment, and it is intimately associated with ash-flow eruptions and complex caldera collapse structures.
Visible light photon counters and the DØ scintillating fiber tracker

Abstract The Visible Light Photon Counter (VLPC) will be used as the photodetector for a large-scale scintillating fiber tracker in the DO upgrade. The VLPC is a solid-state device capable of high-rate single photon counting with excellent quantum efficiency, low noise and small gain dispersion. The development of the VLPC through several versions will be discussed, including the results of the characterization of more than 4278 channels of version HISTE-IV. Results of a cosmic ray test of a 3072 channel fiber tracking prototype read out with HISTE-IV VLPCs will be presented, including measurements of position resolution, tracking efficiency, and stability of VLPC performance over many months of operation. Finally, preliminary results from tests of the latest version of VLPCs and a discussion of their implementation in the DO tracker will be given.
Rapid calculation of mode participation factors for circular cylindrical shells

Abstract Determination of the seismic response of circular cylindrical tanks when subjected to horizontal base excitation requires extensive computational effort. To simplify the computation of the mode participation factor of the tanks, an analytical procedure was developed and is presented herein. The base excitation is defined via spectrum technique. The shells considered in the study have a height to diameter ratio between 0.1 and 1.5, inclusive. The derivations yield simple cubic polynomials which can be used in the definition of the modal participation factors. Different polynomial coefficients are presented for open top tanks, and for roofs with various masses. The paper includes a procedure for the use of the developed mode participation factors in the determination of the seismic forces, base shear, overturning moment, etc. acting on the tank.
Evaluation of iron-aluminide CVD coatings for high temperature corrosion protection

AbstractChemical vapor deposited (CVD) Fe-Al coatings are being investigated to address fundamental issues concerning aluminide coating performance and lifetime. By using a well-controlled laboratory CVD procedure, the coatings are uniform in composition, purity and microstructure. A typical ferritic steel, Fe-9Cr-1Mo, and an austenitic stainless steel, 304L (nominally Fe-18Cr-9Ni), were coated to examine differences in the two types of substrates. For both substrates, the as-deposited coating consisted of a thin (<5 μm), Al-rich layer above a thicker (30–50 μm), lower Al content layer. To follow-up on initial results, which showed good coating performance in air+10vol.%H2O and H2S-H2O-H2-Ar, cyclic tests were performed in both environments at 800°C and more detailed characterization of the isothermally exposed coatings was conducted. During 2–5, 25h cycles at 800°C in H2S-H2O-H2-Ar, CVD coatings on both substrates showed progressively more attack during each cycle. However, in 1h cycles at 800°C in air +...