cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mixed-longitudinal growth of Karimojong girls and boys in Moroto District, Uganda.

In this article we examine results of a mixed-longitudinal study of child and adolescent growth among agropastoral Karimojong children in Moroto District, northeast Uganda. During a 5-month period from August to December, 2004, longitudinal data were collected for a mixed sample of 104 Karimojong children, aged from birth to 18 years. During a previous study in 1998–1999,we had measured 26 of these children who then ranged in Age between 3 months and 7 years. Most of the children were small and thin relative to accepted growth standards, and prevalence of stunting and wasting in childhood was high. In the period from the end of childhood through adolescence, however, Karimojong girls showed marked variability in annual growth, with some attaining a large adult size relative to what we predicted based on their poor childhood growth. Developmental, evolutionary, and environmental determinants are considered. We conclude that growth of these children reflects exposure to environmental insults that vary unpredictably within relatively short intervals. Variability in the magnitude and timing of these insults among children from different birth-cohorts is probably sufficient to account for so-called “shifting” of growth percentiles in childhood and adolescence in this mixed sample. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Di-acidic (DXE) Code Directs Concentration of Cargo during Export from the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Efficient export of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G), a type I transmembrane protein, from the endoplasmic reticulum requires a di-acidic code (DXE) located in the cytosolic carboxyl-terminal tail (Nishimura, N., and Balch, W. E. (1997) Science 277, 556–558). Mutation of the DXE code by mutation to AXA did not prevent VSV-G recruitment to pre-budding complexes formed in the presence of the activated form of the Sar1 and the Sec23/24 complex, components of the COPII budding machinery. However, the signal was required at a subsequent concentration step preceding vesicle fission. By using green fluorescence protein-tagged VSV-G to image movement in a single cell, we found that VSV-G lacking the DXE code fails to be concentrated into COPII vesicles. As a result, the normal 5–10-fold increase in the steady-state concentration of VSV-G in downstream pre-Golgi intermediates and Golgi compartments was lost. These results demonstrate for the first time that inactivation of the DXE signal uncouples early cargo selection steps from concentration into COPII vesicles. We propose that two sequential steps are required for efficient export from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Non-linear crustal corrections in high-resolution regional waveform seismic tomography

SUMMARY We compare 3-D upper mantle anisotropic structures beneath the North American continent obtained using standard and improved crustal corrections in the framework of Non-linear Asymptotic Coupling Theory (NACT) applied to long period three component fundamental and higher mode surface waveform data. Our improved approach to correct for crustal structure in high-resolution regional waveform tomographic models goes beyond the linear perturbation approximation, and is therefore more accurate in accounting for large variations in Moho topography within short distances as observed, for instance, at ocean‐continent margins. This improved methodology decomposes the shallow-layer correction into a linear and non-linear part and makes use of 1-D sensitivity kernels defined according to local tectonic structure, both for the forward computation and for the computation of sensitivity kernels for inversion. The comparison of the 3-D upper mantle anisotropic structures derived using the standard and improved crustal correction approaches shows that the model norm is not strongly affected. However, significant variations are observed in the retrieved 3-D perturbations. The largest differences in the velocity models are present below 250 km depth and not in the uppermost mantle, as would be expected. We suggest that inaccurate crustal corrections preferentially map into the least constrained part of the model and therefore accurate corrections for shallow-layer structure are essential to improve our knowledge of parts of the upper mantle where our data have the smallest sensitivity.
Reduplication and syllable transfer in Sanskrit and elsewhere

The phenomenon studied in this paper is the correspondence between the syllabic position of segments copied in reduplication and the syllabic position of their base counterparts. I will document this correlation and propose a model of reduplication that explains it.
Endurance Training of Trunk Extensor Muscles

Background and purpose. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of an endurance exercise protocol on the isometric holding time of the trunk extensor muscles (mechanical fatigue measure) and on the recorded median frequency (MF) measurements from the surface electromyogram (physiological fatigue measure). Subjects. Twenty-eight healthy female volunteers were selected to participate in the study. Methods. The subjects were stratified by activity level and then assigned to an exercise or a control group and tested at weeks 0, 3, and 6. Reliability (r) of the measurements, established by testing each subject twice at week 0, was .87. Exercise group subjects trained at home twice daily for 6 weeks, progressing by established protocol. Results. The exercise group subjects increased their isometric holding time by 22% after 6 weeks. The control group showed no significant changes. Conclusion and Discussion. The home program was believed to be effective for increasing isometric endurance of the trunk extensors, measured by holding time. The MF measurements prior to and just after a fatiguing contraction remained stable over time. The change in the slope of the MF with fatigue did not reach statistical significance. This physiologic measure of fatigue did not show commensurate changes with training in this group of subjects. Possible reasons for the results are discussed.
Extended Jastrow functions

Abstract The ground state wave function, ψ0, of a many-boson system is written as a generalization of the Jastrow function. The Schrodinger equation is replaced by coupled equations for lnψ0, which are solved iteratively. Preliminary results are given for liquid 4He.
The Supernova in the Pinwheel Galaxy

Type Ia supernovae are valuable distance indicators for cosmology and an important component in our understanding of binary stellar evolution; the elements they synthesize and eject contribute significantly to the origin of the elements. During the past year, the discovery and intensive worldwide observational follow-up of the brightest Type Ia supernova in a generation, SN 2011fe, have greatly improved our understanding of these cataclysmic stellar deaths. The supernova was discovered when it had only one one-thousandth of the brightness it would achieve at maximum light when it was observed by thousands around the world through binoculars and small telescopes. Although several long-held assumptions have been confirmed by this discovery, this supernova has forced us to question the origin of these events and to rethink and improve the way we model them through detailed simulations. We review our current understanding of Type Ia supernovae and discuss how SN 2011fe has both improved and challenged our und...
Self-Control and Adverse “Drinking” Consequences

Most research on adverse alcohol consequences such as problems with health, work, and relationships focuses only on alcohol use itself as a cause of these outcomes. However, Gottfredson and Hirschi’s (1990) self-control theory holds that alcohol use and these negative outcomes are likely to have a common cause–low self-control. Tests of hypotheses derived from self-control theory show that self-control predicts negative drinking consequences better than combined measures of alcohol dependence and frequency and quantity of drinking. This suggests that various forms of risk–taking behavior and negative outcomes can be conceptualized as indicators of underlying levels of self-control.
The molecular basis of differential subcellular localization of C2 domains of protein kinase C-α and group IVa cytosolic phospholipase A2

Abstract The C2 domain is a Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting module found in many cellular proteins involved in signal transduction or membrane trafficking. C2 domains are unique among membrane targeting domains in that they show a wide range of lipid selectivity for the major components of cell membranes, including phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine. To understand how C2 domains show diverse lipid selectivity and how this functional diversity affects their subcellular targeting behaviors, we measured the binding of the C2 domains of group IVa cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and protein kinase C-α (PKC-α) to vesicles that model cell membranes they are targeted to, and we monitored their subcellular targeting in living cells. The surface plasmon resonance analysis indicates that the PKC-α C2 domain strongly prefers the cytoplasmic plasma membrane mimic to the nuclear membrane mimic due to high phosphatidylserine content in the former and that Asn189 plays a key role in this specificity. In contrast, the cPLA2 C2 domain has specificity for the nuclear membrane mimic over the cytoplasmic plasma membrane mimic due to high phosphatidylcholine content in the former and aromatic and hydrophobic residues in the calcium binding loops of the cPLA2 C2 domain are important for its lipid specificity. The subcellular localization of enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged C2 domains and mutants transfected into HEK293 cells showed that the subcellular localization of the C2 domains is consistent with their lipid specificity and could be tailored by altering their in vitro lipid specificity. The relative cell membrane translocation rate of selected C2 domains was also consistent with their relative affinity for model membranes. Together, these results suggest that biophysical principles that govern thein vitro membrane binding of C2 domains can account for most of their subcellular targeting properties.
Effect of variations in oral fat and carbohydrate load on postprandial lipemia.

In this study we assessed the acute effects of the consumption of varying amounts of fat and fructose on the magnitude of postprandial lipemia. Subjects were studied after an overnight fast on four separate mornings, ingesting in random order 5, 40, or 80 g fat, or 5 g fat plus 50 g fructose. Vitamin A (36 mg, or 120 000 U retinol) was also given and blood was drawn at frequent intervals over the next 10 h for measurement of triacylglycerol and retinyl palmitate (RP) concentrations in plasma and the S f > 400 and S f 20-400 lipoprotein fractions. (S f denotes flotation units.) In general, the postprandial triacylglycerol response increased in plasma and in both lipoprotein fractions as a function of both the baseline fasting triacylglycerol concentration and the amount of fat ingested. However, no matter how high the fasting plasma triacylglycerol concentration, there was no increase in the postprandial triacylglycerol concentration in plasma or either lipoprotein fraction after the 5-g oral fat load. The results of the measurements of RP concentration were somewhat similar in that there was a dose-dependent increase in the plasma and the S f > 400 lipoprotein fraction in response to the higher fat loads. However, just the opposite was true in the S f 20-400 lipoprotein fraction, for which the increase in RP concentration was inversely related to the size of the fat load. The addition of 50 g fructose to the 5-g fat load also led to a significant increase in the RP concentration in plasma and in both lipoprotein fractions, and the increase in the S f 20-400 lipoprotein fraction after the addition of 50 g fructose to the 5-g fat load was approximately three times greater than that after 80 g fat. These data demonstrate that the addition of either fat or fructose will accentuate the degree of postprandial lipemia.
The future of ciliary and flagellar membrane research

There has been a dramatic shift of attention from the ciliary axoneme to the ciliary membrane, much of this driven by the appreciation that cilia play a widespread role in sensory reception and cellular signaling. This Perspective focuses attention on some of the poorly understood aspects of ciliary membranes, including the establishment of ciliary and periciliary membrane domains, the trafficking of membrane components into and out of these membrane domains, the nonuniform distribution of ciliary membrane components, the regulation of membrane morphogenesis, functional collaboration between the axoneme and the membrane, and the evolving field of therapeutics targeted at the ciliary membrane.
Psychological aspects of genetic counseling. III. Management of guilt and shame

Reactions of guilt and shame are conspicuous in the context of genetic counseling, and the relief of their distressing aspects is a widely held goal of genetic counselors. They are in a unique position to accomplish this; however, guidelines as to how one might proceed are not readily available. We have considered guilt and shame responses and have attempted to differentiate them, dynamically and developmentally, and have pointed out how each might be manifested in the course of genetic counseling. The major counseling tactics by means of which the alleviation or reduction of feelings of guilt and shame might be achieved are outlined and case illustrations are provided in which actual and potential counseling situations are explored and discussed.
RECQL5 and BLM exhibit divergent functions in cells defective for the Fanconi anemia pathway

Fanconi anemia (FA) patients exhibit bone marrow failure, developmental defects and cancer. The FA pathway maintains chromosomal stability in concert with replication fork maintenance and DNA double strand break (DSB) repair pathways including RAD51-mediated homologous recombination (HR). RAD51 is a recombinase that maintains replication forks and repairs DSBs, but also rearranges chromosomes. Two RecQ helicases, RECQL5 and Bloom syndrome mutated (BLM) suppress HR through nonredundant mechanisms. Here we test the impact deletion of RECQL5 and BLM has on mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells deleted for FANCB, a member of the FA core complex. We show that RECQL5, but not BLM, conferred resistance to mitomycin C (MMC, an interstrand crosslinker) and camptothecin (CPT, a type 1 topoisomerase inhibitor) in FANCB-defective cells. RECQL5 suppressed, while BLM caused, breaks and radials in FANCB-deleted cells exposed to CPT or MMC, respectively. RECQL5 protected the nascent replication strand from MRE11-mediated degradation and restarted stressed replication forks in a manner additive to FANCB. By contrast BLM restarted, but did not protect, replication forks in a manner epistatic to FANCB. RECQL5 also lowered RAD51 levels in FANCB-deleted cells at stressed replication sites implicating a rearrangement avoidance mechanism. Thus, RECQL5 and BLM impact FANCB-defective cells differently in response to replication stress with relevance to chemotherapeutic regimes.
User-interactive electronic skin for instantaneous pressure visualization

Electr onic skin (e-skin) presents a network of mechanically flexible sensors that can conformally wrap irregular surfaces and spatially map and quantify various stimuli 1‐12 . Previous works on e-skin have focused on the optimization of pressure sensors interfaced with an electronic readout, whereas user interfaces based on a human-readable output were not explored. Here, we report the first user-interactive e-skin that not only spatially maps the applied pressure but also provides an instantaneous visual response through a built-in active-matrix organic light-emitting diode display with red, green and blue pixels. In this system, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are turned on locally where the surface is touched, and the intensity of the emitted light quantifies the magnitude of the applied pressure. This work represents a system-on-plastic 4,13‐17 demonstration where three distinct electronic components— thin-film transistor, pressure sensor and OLED arrays—are monolithically integrated over large areas on a single plastic substrate. The reported e-skin may find a wide range of applications in interactive input/control devices, smart wallpapers, robotics and medical/health monitoring devices.
Extension of Chang-Chang's method to analysis of generalised multilayer and multiconductor transmission-line system

The characterisation of the capacitance matrix of a multilayer and multiconductor transmission-line system is very important in the development of microwave integrated circuits. Many practical multilayer and multiconductor configurations are just special cases of the general configuration described in the letter. The method presented is based on the variational principle. The determination of the capacitance matrix of a generalised N-layer and N-strip transmission-line system is programmable on a digital computer. It should be realised that the transverse-transmission-line concept does indeed make the application of the variational analysis to a multilayer and multiconductor system a relatively simple task.
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus with the Rabies Virus Glycoprotein Directs Retrograde Transsynaptic Transport Among Neurons In Vivo

Defining the connections among neurons is critical to our understanding of the structure and function of the nervous system. Recombinant viruses engineered to transmit across synapses provide a powerful approach for the dissection of neuronal circuitry in vivo. We recently demonstrated that recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) can be endowed with anterograde or retrograde synaptic tracing ability by providing the virus with different glycoproteins. Here we extend the characterization of the transmission and gene expression of VSV with the rabies virus glycoprotein (RABV-G), and provide examples of its activity relative to the anterograde tracer form of rVSV. rVSV with RABV-G was found to drive strong expression of transgenes and to spread rapidly from neuron to neuron in only a retrograde manner. Depending upon how the RABV-G was delivered, VSV served as a polysynaptic or monosynaptic tracer, or was able to define projections through axonal uptake and retrograde transport. In animals co-infected with rVSV in its anterograde form, rVSV with RABV-G could be used to begin to characterize the similarities and differences in connections to a given area. rVSV with RABV-G provides a flexible, rapid, and versatile tracing tool that complements the previously described VSV-based anterograde transsynaptic tracer.
Examining the Meaning Attached to Mental Illness and Mental Health Services Among Justice System-Involved Youth and Their Parents

A large percentage of youth involved in the juvenile justice system experience mental health problems, yet many do not receive mental health care. In this study, we used a process-focused framework of mental health decision making to gain insight into the use of mental health services among these youth. In-depth interviews were conducted with nine youth and nine parents participating in a program servicing youth with mental health problems who have been in detention. Themes related to problem recognition, the decision to seek and participate in services, subjective norms, and juvenile justice system involvement emerged. Most families acknowledged their youth was having problems, but few defined those problems in mental health terms. This did not prevent them from seeking services, although some were not able to access adequate services until the justice system became involved. Participants were aware of negative attitudes about mental illness, and might have limited their social networks to shield themselves.
Junk Car Clash on the Rural-Urban Fringe: A Case Study in Local Government Decision Making

This decision case is intended to provide an example of the complexity of local government decision making on the rural-urban fringe. In this case, a county is faced with making a decision about outlawing the existence of junk cars on personal property. Instructors can use this case to introduce topics such as zoning, takings, property rights, local government policy making, and the impact of the community on government decisions. Other issues could be explored, such as the role of culture and stereotypes in policy making, and how growth can impact local culture and lifestyle.
Investigating the critical properties of beyond-QCD theories using Monte Carlo renormalization group matching

Monte Carlo renormalization group (MCRG) methods were designed to study the nonperturbative phase structure and critical behavior of statistical systems and quantum field theories. I adopt the 2-lattice matching method used extensively in the 1980's and show how it can be used to predict the existence of nonperturbative fixed points and their related critical exponents in many flavor SU(3) gauge theories. This work serves to test the method and I study relatively well understood systems: the ${N}_{f}=0$, 4 and 16 flavor models. The pure gauge and ${N}_{f}=4$ systems are confining and chirally broken and the MCRG method can predict their bare step scaling functions. Results for the ${N}_{f}=16$ model indicate the existence of an infrared fixed point with nearly marginal gauge coupling. I present preliminary results for the scaling dimension of the mass at this new fixed point.
Pro : During cardiopulmonary bypass for elective coronary artery bypass grafting, perfusion pressure should routinely be greater than 70 mmHg

F DURING THE COURSE of a noncardiac surgical procedure under routine general anesthesia, a blood pressure of 75/35 mmHg was obtained, the common responses would include a decrease in the depth of anesthesia, administration of fluids, and possible infusion of vasopressors and/or inotropic agents. In contrast, a mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of 50 mmHg during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) elicits no such response; rather, it is accepted as normal in many cardiac centers. Why are the responses to hypotension so radically different in these two settings? The controversy over the optimal or even safe MAP during CPB is certainly not new. Keats, 1 in his 1983 Rovenstine lecture reviewing his 30 years in cardiac anesthesia, defined "a group of problems that were perceived as serious but never were solved, ''1 listing MAP on CPB as one such question. This question was further discussed in this Journal in 1991, 2,3 and is now being revisited in part because of recent data from the author's institution, in an admittedly small number of patients
Pathology of Spontaneous and Experimental Infection of North American Wild Ruminants with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis

Spontaneous paratuberculosis was studied in free-ranging and captive bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), and Rocky Mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus). Lesions of paratuberculosis in these species resembled the disease in domestic sheep and goats. Mycobac- terium paratuberculosis cultured from bighorn sheep was used to orally infect bighorn x mouflon (Ovis musimon) hybrid sheep, elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Clinical paratuberculosis developed only in mule deer and was characterized by poor growth and diarrhea. Gross lesions were mild in all species. Enlargement of mesenteric lymph nodes was mild to moderate; the wall of the distal small intestine was affected minimally. Focal to diffuse infiltrates of epithelioid macrophages and giant cells occurred in the cortex of mesenteric lymph nodes, around mesenteric lymphatics, and in the intestinal mucosa. Extraintestinal lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and lung were involved in some animals; focal necrosis and mineralization was present in all species but was severe and widespread in the cervids. Lesions of paratuberculosis have been well studied in domestic cattle (2, 5, 61, sheep (9, 10, 171, and goats (3, 7, 111. The disease is characterized by granulomatous inflammation in the intestinal tract, primarily the distal small intestine and the mesenteric lymph nodes. Focal necrosis and mineralization, while rare in the bovine, commonly are associated with granulomatous inflammation in ovine and caprine paratuberculosis. Hepatic microgranulomas occur in a significant number of clinically affected animals of all species. Paratuberculosis has been reported in free-ranging wild animals (8, 201 but is reported more frequently in captive wild animals in game farms and zoological gardens (l, 12, 16, 18, 191. Description of lesions of paratuberculosis in these species is incomplete. This study was undertaken in part to describe lesions of spontaneous paratuber- culosis in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) and Rocky Mountain goats ( Oreamnos americanus). In addition, lesions of experimental Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection were studied in captive bighorn x mouflon (Ovis musimon) hybrid sheep,
Treating trichotillomania: A meta-analysis of treatment effects and moderators for behavior therapy and serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exist examining the efficacy of behavior therapy (BT) or serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) for the treatment of trichotillomania (TTM), with no examination of treatment moderators. The present meta-analysis synthesized the treatment effect sizes (ES) of BT and SRI relative to comparison conditions, and examined moderators of treatment. A comprehensive literature search identified 11 RCTs that met inclusion criteria. Clinical characteristics (e.g., age, comorbidity, therapeutic contact hours), outcome measures, treatment subtypes (e.g., SRI subtype, BT subtype), and ES data were extracted. The standardized mean difference of change in hair pulling severity was the outcome measure. A random effects meta-analysis found a large pooled ES for BT (ES = 1.41, p < 0.001). BT trials with greater therapeutic contact hours exhibited larger ES (p = 0.009). Additionally, BT trials that used mood enhanced therapeutic techniques exhibited greater ES relative to trials including only traditional BT components (p = 0.004). For SRI trials, a random effects meta-analysis identified a moderate pooled ES (ES = 0.41, p = 0.02). Although clomipramine exhibited larger ES relative to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, the difference was not statistically significant. Publication bias was not identified for either treatment. BT yields large treatment effects for TTM, with further examination needed to disentangle confounded treatment moderators. SRI trials exhibited a moderate pooled ES, with no treatment moderators identified. Sensitivity analyses highlighted the need for further RCTs of SRIs, especially among youth with TTM.
Role of decreased numbers of follicles on reproductive performance in young and aged rats.

The primary objectives of this study were to: 1) determine if removal of 1.5 ovaries from young rats would mimic reproductive characteristics that normally occur with advancing age and 2) determine if removal of 1.5 ovaries from aged rats would further advance the process of reproductive aging. Removal of 1.5 ovaries increased the number of young (P<O.05) and old (P<0.01) rats that exhibited abnormal estrous cycles. In addition, concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were higher at both ages in the groups with half an ovary. The increased concentrations of FSH are consistent with a decrease in the number of growing follicles after removal of 1.5 ovaries. All groups had lower concentrations of estradiol (E2) than young controls. There was a significant increase in the number of abnormal embryos with age and removal of 1.5 ovaries when rats were mated during a 5-day estrous cycle, but there was no effect if they were mated during a 4-day estrous cycle. From the results of this study, we conclude that the reduction in ovarian tissue in young and aged rats mimicked several reproductive characteristics of advancing age. Also, an effect of aging on the hypothalamus was evident in this study.
A direct algorithm for type inference in the rank-2 fragment of the second-order l-calculus

We examine the problem of type inference for a family of polymorphic type systems containing the power of Core-ML. This family comprises the levels of the stratification of the second-order l-calculus (system F) by “rank” of types. We show that typability is an undecidable problem at every rank k≥3. While it was already known that typability is decidable at rank 2, no direct and easy-to-implement algorithm was available. We develop a new notion of l-term reduction and use it to prove that the problem of typability at rank 2 is reducible to the problem of acyclic semi-unification. We also describe a simple procedure for solving acyclic semi-unification. Issues related to principle types are discussed.
Ultrafilters generated by a closed set of functions

Let Kc and A be infinite cardinals, Y a filter on ,c, and 9 a set of functions from ,c to Kc. The filter S is generated by 9 if Y consists of those subsets of ic which contain the range of some element of S. The set 9 is <i-closed if it is closed in the <i-topology on ' K. (In general, the <i-topology on IA has basic open sets all H ieI Us such that, for all i E I, Us C A and I{i E I: Us / A}I < A.) The primary question considered in this paper asks "Is there a uniform ultrafilter on ic which is generated by a closed set of functions?" (Closed means < co-closed.) We also establish the independence of two related questions. One is due to Carlson: "Does there exist a regular cardinal ic and a subtree T of <'K such that the set of branches of T generates a uniform ultrafilter on T'?"; and the other is due to Pouzet: "For all regular cardinals ic, is it true that no uniform ultrafilter on ic is analytic?" We show that if ,c is a singular, strong limit cardinal, then there is a uniform ultrafilter on ,c which is generated by a closed set of increasing functions. Also, from the consistency of an almost huge cardinal, we get the consistency of CH + "There is a uniform ultrafilter on N, which is generated by a closed set of increasing functions". In contrast with the above results, we show that if ,c is any cardinal, A is a regular cardinal less than or equal to ,c and P is the forcing notion for adding at least (KHA)+ generic subsets of A, then in VP, no uniform ultrafilter on Kc is generated by a closed set of functions. ?
Disease progression in pulmonary arterial hypertension: refining the phenotype with a prognostic biomarker profile from collagen.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive syndrome of right heart failure that encompasses multiple etiologies and risk factors. The presentation, clinical progression, and response to therapeutic intervention are variable across patients, and much interest has been directed in clinical
Inherited arrhythmia syndromes: exome sequencing opens a new door to diagnosis.

Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation is a major clinical and diagnostic challenge. Because the heart is structurally normal and a culprit gene defect is not identified in the proband, family members cannot undergo clinical or genetic risk stratification. With low overall survival from ventricular
Initial assessment and stabilization of the critically injured child.

Expert pediatric trauma nursing care during the first hour following injury is critical to maximize outcome for the critically injured child. Aggressive nursing assessment and interventions during this time play a major role in reversing or preventing physiologic decompensation. In addition to providing expert physical care, nurses must understand and address the emotional needs of pediatric trauma victims and their families.
Government Regulation of Sexual Relationships

The three chapters of Part III examine measures that government might employ to reduce the number of births and to control the natural increase of the American population. The measures are not the only ones we might examine, but they are policies that legislators seem likely to consider. Formal measures expressly designed to control the rate of natural increase will probably be necessary because education regarding the population issue is of questionable effectiveness in changing attitudes toward population growth.1 Moreover, even if education had an important effect, attitudes do not appear capable of generating conduct or plans leading to a family size of less than two children. That is, concern with population growth affects childbearing decisions within the range of two to four children — the range that our society defines as acceptable and normal2 — but not below that range.3 An immediate cessation of population growth, however, requires a decline in family size to a level close to one child per couple.4 A prompt halt to natural increase is therefore likely to necessitate the development of formal measures to reduce childbearing.
Potential effects of climate change on streamflow for seven watersheds in eastern and central Montana

Abstract Study region Eastern and central Montana. Study focus Fish in Northern Great Plains streams tolerate extreme conditions including heat, cold, floods, and drought; however changes in streamflow associated with long-term climate change may render some prairie streams uninhabitable for current fish species. To better understand future hydrology of these prairie streams, the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System model and output from the RegCM3 Regional Climate model were used to simulate streamflow for seven watersheds in eastern and central Montana, for a baseline period (water years 1982–1999) and three future periods: water years 2021–2038 (2030 period), 2046–2063 (2055 period), and 2071–2088 (2080 period). New hydrological insights for the region Projected changes in mean annual and mean monthly streamflow vary by the RegCM3 model selected, by watershed, and by future period. Mean annual streamflows for all future periods are projected to increase (11–21%) for two of the four central Montana watersheds: Middle Musselshell River and Cottonwood Creek. Mean annual streamflows for all future periods are projected to decrease (changes of −24 to −75%) for Redwater River watershed in eastern Montana. Mean annual streamflows are projected to increase slightly (2–15%) for the 2030 period and decrease (changes of −16 to −44%) for the 2080 period for the four remaining watersheds.
Untraining Educational Researchers.

The author argues that educational research curriculum that repeats formalized, scientized, pre-existing, methods-driven social science research methodologies stifle the present and future of educa...
Franz Kafka’s Letter to His Father

(1953). Franz Kafka’s Letter to His Father. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 165-179.
In spies we trust: the story of Western intelligence, by Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015 (Paperback), 297 pp., £12.99, ISBN: 978-0-19-870190-3.

Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones’ In Spies We Trust is a well-informed and compact history of the rise, decline, and obsolescence of the Anglo-American special intelligence relationship over the past century....
Experiment 1: Classifiers

Following the dataset preprocessing, the next step in implementing RECTIN is classification module development. The classification module will use a model built on historical patients’ data, in order to support physicians in suggesting optimal treatment approach for new patients. Categorization is rather easy and relatively broad. However, a specific approach within each category varies. Before implementing this module, it is necessary to extract new, useful features and conduct experiments in order to obtain the most accurate classifier on the prepared dataset. It is assumed to reiterate the step of feature development in order to obtain the best combination of feature extraction/selection method and the prediction method. This involves the calibration and tuning of prediction methods, as well as comparing them and evaluating in terms of accuracy, F-score and confusion matrix.
Treatment Considerations in Female MS Patients of Reproductive Age

Women of childbearing age are the most prevalent group of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Clear management guidelines for this population of patients regarding contraception, conception, pregnancy, and postpartum period are not available. This chapter reviews the current state of knowledge and offers some guidance on family planning matters as they relate to disease state and available MS therapeutics.
Recent progress in organocatalytic asymmetric domino transformations

Sustainability in chemical synthesis is a major aspect of the current synthetic endeavors and, therefore, mimicking the biological process in the laboratory nowadays has the highest priority. Towards achieving this goal, designing organic reactions in domino mode rather than the multistep synthetic pathways and using organocatalysis instead of metal catalysis have received a lot of attention due to the inherent advantages of these processes in terms of synthetic efficiency and sustainability. As a result, the field of asymmetric organocatalytic domino reactions has witnessed tremendous progress in recent years. This review attempts to summarize the latest developments in asymmetric organocatalyzed domino reactions since 2012, with the emphasis on the catalysts and reaction modes. Discussions on the reaction mechanisms and the applications of the developed domino reaction methods in the synthesis of biologically active molecules and natural products are also included when appropriate.
Is weeding defensible? Moral consideration for crabgrass.

How we relate to other species undergirds our approach to sustainability. This paper traces the development of human regard for other organisms, considering philosophical and religious perspectives in light of recent developments in biology. Aspects of the biology of pest organisms like silverfish, dandelions, fruit flies, and crabgrass are reviewed as supporting moral considerability. It is determined that the findings of science, philosophy, and religion lead us to abandon a Cartesian conception of non-humans as machinelike other, and towards an attitude of moral consideration for other organisms. This position requires that we adjudicate conflicts between members of different species, affirming the need to survive over lesser needs such as efficiency or aesthetics. A respectful attitude towards common living things like crabgrass can only enhance our relationship to nature in general.
Topography of Spin Liquids on a Triangular Lattice

Spin systems with frustrated anisotropic interactions are of significant interest due to possible exotic ground states. We have explored their phase diagram on a nearest-neighbor triangular lattice using the density-matrix renormalization group and mapped out the topography of the region that can harbor a spin liquid. We find that this spin-liquid phase is continuously connected to a previously discovered spin-liquid phase of the isotropic J_{1}-J_{2} model. The two limits show nearly identical spin correlations, making the case that their respective spin liquids are isomorphic to each other.
Extending the magnetoelectric efficiency of an MFC/brass/NdFeB energy harvester by coupling a pair of movable magnets

In this letter, an MFC/brass/NdFeB tip magnet three-phase cantilever beam was coupled with a pair of movable magnets to harness energy from alternating magnetic fields. By coupling with a pair of moveable magnets, both bandwidth and magnetoelectric (ME) voltage coefficient were largely increased by 25% and 87.5%, respectively, in comparison with the same harvester coupled with stationary magnets. Such improvements were attributed to magnetic energy introduced by the moving magnets. Experiments also revealed the boundary positions of external magnets (movable and stationary) where the repulsive magnetic forces jumped to the attractive ones, and the stiffness hardening switched to the softening process. These results provided a wide-band nonlinear approach to efficiently harvest/detect the low-frequency alternating magnetic field energies.
Studying determinants of crowd-shipping use

Abstract This study explores the differences between crowd-shipping users and non-users based on responses to a 2016 online survey. We use proportional t-test analysis and a binary logit model to study how and to what extent the attitudes, preferences, and characteristics of crowd-shipping users differ from non-users. The results show that (1) crowd-shipping is more prevalent among young people, men, and full-time employed individuals, (2) urban areas are preferential for the development of crowd-shipping, and (3) crowd-shipping users are most inclined to use the system for medium-distance deliveries. The elasticity analysis indicates that individuals who have a strong sense of community and environmental concern are, respectively, 86.4% and 83.9% more likely to use crowd-shipping. However, individuals who have reservations regarding affordability and trust are 68.3% and 64.9% less likely to use crowd-shipping, respectively. The sensitivity analysis reveals these magnitudes of effects to vary among different population segments with experience in sending packages and gender being the most sensitive strata. The findings aid our understanding of the interaction of emerging shipping systems and user dynamics by providing a pioneering investigation of the determinants of crowd-shipping use.
One Look Is Worth a Thousand Words: Effectiveness of Video for Learning about Textile and Apparel Social Responsibility

The complexity of the social responsibility (SR) concept makes learning about SR crucial for future academic and industry professionals. The purpose of this study was to examine effectiveness of a single learning assignment (watching a video) on student understanding of SR in the textile and apparel industry. Three research questions guided the study: (1) What issues students perceive as SR problems in the industry, (2) How students' definitions of SR differ before and after watching the video, and (3) How students' SR related attitudes changed after watching the video. The results of this study indicated that completing the learning activity substantially enhanced students' knowledge of a wide range of issues related to SR. Furthermore, students' attitudes toward SR have shifted significantly after watching the video: In addition to responsibilities on the part of companies and industry overall, students realized the role of individual consumers and society as a whole.
A genetic analysis of microtubule assembly and function in yeast

The major goal of our laboratory’s research is to understand how cells organize their cytoskeletons to produce motility: specific patterns of shape change, intracellular motility and locomotion. We focus primarily on microtubules. We appreciate that results from several laboratories including our own, suggest that microtubule function is expressed in part through interactions with other elements of the cytoskeleton and other cellular compartments, such as the plasma membrane. However, focusing on microtubules represents a justifiable reduction, since a wide variety of drug interference and localization experiments support the notion that intact microtubules are essential for each of these motile phenomena.
Efferent neurons and suspected interneurons in motor cortex of the awake rabbit: axonal properties, sensory receptive fields, and subthreshold synaptic inputs

1. Properties of antidromically identified efferent neurons within the cortical representation of the vibrissae, sinus hairs, and philtrum were examined in motor cortex of fully awake adult rabbits. Efferent neurons were tested for both receptive field and axonal properties and included callosal (CC) neurons (n = 31), ipsilateral corticocortical (C-IC) neurons (n = 34) that project to primary somatosensory cortex (S-1), and corticofugal neurons of layer 5 (CF-5) (n = 33) and layer 6 (CF-6) (n = 32) that project to and/or beyond the thalamus. Appropriate collision tests demonstrated that substantial numbers of corticocortical efferent neurons project an axon to both the corpus callosum and to ipsilateral S-1. 2. Suspected interneurons (SINs, n = 37) were also studied. These neurons were not activated antidromically from any stimulus site but did respond synaptically to electrical stimulation of the ventrolateral (VL) thalamus and/or S-1 with a burst of three or more spikes at frequencies from 600 to > 900 Hz. All of these neurons also responded synaptically to stimulation of the corpus callosum. The action potentials of these neurons were much shorter in duration (mean = 0.48 ms), than those of efferent neurons (mean = 0.90 ms). 3. CF-5 neurons differed from CC, C-IC, and CF-6 neurons in their spontaneous firing rates, axonal properties, and receptive field properties. Whereas CF-5 neurons had a mean spontaneous firing rate of 4.1 spikes/s, CC, C-IC, and CF-6 neurons all had mean values of < 1 spike/s. Axonal conduction velocities of CF-5 neurons were much higher (mean = 12.76 m/s) than either CC (1.47 m/s), C-IC (0.97 m/s), or CF-6 (mean = 1.96 m/s) neurons. A decrease in antidromic latency (the "supernormal" period) followed a single prior impulse in most CC, C-IC, and CF-6 neurons but was minimal or absent in CF-5 neurons. Although all but two CF-5 neurons responded to peripheral sensory stimulation, many CC (35%), C-IC (59%), or CF-6 (66%) neurons did not. CC, CF-5, and CF-6 neurons that did not respond to sensory stimulation had significantly lower axonal conduction velocities and spontaneous firing rates than those that responded to such stimulation. 4. Sensory receptive fields of neurons in motor cortex were considerably larger than those observed in S-1 but were similar in size to those seen in secondary somatosensory cortex (S-2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Universal Profiles and Rigidity Theorems for the Energy Critical Wave Equation

In this note we review recent joint works with F. Merle and with T. Duyckaerts and F. Merle on global existence, scattering and finite time blow-up for the focusing energy critical non-linear wave equation in three space dimensions.
A viewpoint distinction in the representation of propositional attitudes

A representation scheme can be used by a cognitive agent as a basis for its normal, inbuilt cognitive processes. Also, a representation scheme can serve as a means for describing cognitive agents, in particular their "mental" states. A scheme can serve this second function either when it is itself naturally used by a cognitive agent (that reasons about agents), or when it is merely an artificial, theoretical tool used by a researcher. In designing a representation scheme one must pay very careful attention to two related questions: the question of whether, for any given agent, the scheme is used by the agent or is used to describe the agent (or both); and the question of whether the scheme is being used as a theoretical tool (as well as, perhaps, being used by agents). I show by example that representational pitfalls can be encountered when these questions are not clearly addressed. The examples revolve around Creary's logic-based scheme and Maida and Shapiro's semantic network scheme, both of which were designed primarily to facilitate the representation of propositional attitudes (beliefs, hopes, desires, etc.). However, the general points have wider application to schemes for propositional attitude representation. By appeal mainly to the Maida and Shapiro case I demonstrate also that it is possible to be misled by the ambiguity of whether "to represent" means "to denote" or "to be an ambassador/representative/abstraction of".