cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A discursive grammar for customizing mass housing: the case of Siza's houses at Malagueira

The ultimate goal of the described research is a process for mass customizing housing based on computer-aided design and production systems. The current goal is the development of an interactive system for generating solutions on the Web based on a modeling approach called discursive grammar. A discursive grammar consists of a programming grammar and a designing grammar. The programming grammar generates design briefs based on user data; the designing grammar provides the rules for generating designs in a particular style, and a set of heuristics guides the generation of designs towards a solution that matches the design brief. This paper describes the designing grammar using Siza's houses at Malagueira as a case study.
Swelling and contraction of mitochondrial particles: a re-examination of the existence of a contractile protein extractable with 0.6 M-potassium chloride.

Abstract Using ATP-induced superprecipitation as criterion for the presence of an actomyosin-like protein, an attempt was made to resolve the uncertainty concerning the 0.6 m -KCl-extractable “contractile protein” in mitochondria. It was not possible to extract from liver mitochondria, using 0.6 m -KCl under various conditions, a protein which would superprecipitate upon the addition of ATP (with or without added magnesium ions). The superprecipitation observed with heart sarcosome extracts, well characterized by its dependence on pH, ATP and magnesium ions, and by its modification with EDTA and heavy-metal ions, was not demonstrably different from that of heart muscle actomyosin. Even though electron micrographs of heart sarcosome pellets do not show the presence of myofibrillar material, it is concluded that the superprecipitation observed with the 0.6 m -KCl extracts is, in fact, due to extrasarcosomal actomyosin which cannot be eliminated by successive washings and differential centrifugation of the sarcosomes. Although extractions other than with 0.6 m -KCl may prove successful later in demonstrating the existence in the mitochondrial membrane of contractile macromolecules, the present results suggest that mitochondria do not contain a functional “contractile protein”.
Preparation of thin ceramic monofilaments for characterization by TEM.

A method for preparing transmission electron microscopy specimens from ceramic fibers has been developed that is particularly useful when only a small amount of the material is available for characterization. Fiber segments are lined up and sandwiched between two glass slides using high-temperature epoxy. The resulting specimen is then polished flat from both sides using tripod polisher to remove the glass and produce thin (<2 μm) longitudinal section of the fibers. The specimen is then ion-milled for a short time to produce electron-transparent areas. The method is also suitable for preparing very flat specimens for site-specific optical and SEM analysis.
The Internet and the price–value–loyalty chain

Abstract The Internet and associated technology (including the World Wide Web (WWW)) are fast changing the conceptualization and determinants of value to the customer. One primary reason behind the change is that the transparency of price information over the Internet enables closure of the traditional information asymmetry that exists between the buyer and the seller and brings down the ability of marketers to differentiate solely on the basis of price. Marketers would, thus, have to explore what constitutes value for the consumer and determine newer ways to create and deliver such value to the customer. We develop a series of propositions to demonstrate how the Internet affects price and nonprice factors contributing to value. Given certain key behavioral characteristics of consumer online shopping, we then note the challenges that marketers would face in attracting and retaining loyal customers.
Assay of possible carcinogenic hydrocarbons from cigarette smoke.

RECENTLY, Cooper and Lindsey1 and Seelkopf2 described the identification and assay of the carcinogen 3,4-benzpyrene and other poly cyclic hydrocarbons in a neutral aromatic fraction of cigarette smoke. These investigators, in the attempt to reconstruct conditions complying with those present in normal human cigarette smoking, smoked cigarettes in an automatic fashion which effected strictly regular intermittent puffing.
Training and Credentialing in Vascular Laboratory Diagnosis

Physicians interpreting vascular laboratory studies require proper training and credentialing. It is suggested minimal training requirements include but, may not be limited to, the following: a medical license and knowledge of the fundamental concepts of vascular physiology, anatomy, and ultrasound physics. In addition, there should be evidence of training in vascular diagnostics beyond medical school, clinical experience in the treatment of vascular disease, supervised experience with specific numbers of vascular laboratory interpretations in the areas in which the physician wishes to interpret, and evidence of ongoing continuing medical education (CME) in noninvasive vascular diagnostics. Credentialing requirements are determined locally, but it is suggested that successful completion of the American Registry of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' Registered Physician in Vascular Interpretation (RPVI) examination will provide evidence of core knowledge of vascular laboratory topics that is independent of medical or surgical specialty. Completion of the RPVI exam, completion of core training requirements, along with ongoing CME, is a basis for establishing minimal requirements for interpretation of vascular laboratory studies.
Integrative genomic analysis of human ribosomal DNA

The transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is critical to life. Despite its importance, ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is not included in current genome assemblies and, consequently, genomic analyses to date have excluded rDNA. Here, we show that short sequence reads can be aligned to a genome assembly containing a single rDNA repeat. Integrated analysis of ChIP-seq, DNase-seq, MNase-seq and RNA-seq data reveals several novel findings. First, the coding region of active rDNA is contained within nucleosome-depleted open chromatin that is highly transcriptionally active. Second, histone modifications are located not only at the rDNA promoter but also at novel sites within the intergenic spacer. Third, the distributions of active modifications are more similar within and between different cell types than repressive modifications. Fourth, UBF, a positive regulator of rRNA transcription, binds to sites throughout the genome. Lastly, the insulator binding protein CTCF associates with the spacer promoter of rDNA, suggesting that transcriptional insulation plays a role in regulating the transcription of rRNA. Taken together, these analyses confirm and expand the results of previous ChIP studies of rDNA and provide novel avenues for exploration of chromatin-mediated regulation of rDNA.
ALGAL EXCRETION AND BACTERIAL ASSIMILATION IN HOT SPRING ALGAL MATS1

SUMMARY Benthic algal-bacterial mats are present in the effluents of alkaline hot springs at temperatures between 50 and 73 C. The thin surface layer is composed of the unicellular blue-green alga Synechococcus lividus. Also present in the surface layer and forming thick, orange mats beneath it, are filamentous, phototrophic, gliding bacteria of the genus Chloroflexis, also capable of heterotrophic growth. The very low species diversity and the constancy of the hot spring environment, make these mats a good ecosystem for studying the transfer of nutrients from the algae to the bacteria. To determine whether the alga might supply organic materials to the bacterium, excretion by natural populations of S. lividus was studied in the field by means of short-term radioisotope experiments. Under optimal conditions for photosynthesis, between 3 and 12% of the total 14C fixed was excreted as 14C-labeled organic compounds. Variations in cell density at concentrations of S. lividus approximating those found in the mat had no effect on the percentage excretion. However, at cell densities below a threshold, level, the percentage excretion increased with diminishing cell density. Except at very low light intensities the percentage of fixed carbon excreted, was very similar for all light intensities tested. Excretion at temperatures approaching the upper limit for growth was not significantly different from the percentage excretion values observed at lower temperatures. 14C-labeled organic compounds excreted during algal photosynthesis could be subsequently assimilated by natural populations of the bacteria present in the mat.
Modeled Antarctic Precipitation. Part I: Spatial and Temporal Variability*

Abstract Surface snow accumulation is the primary mass input to the Antarctic ice sheets. As the dominant term among various components of surface snow accumulation (precipitation, sublimation/deposition, and snow drift), precipitation is of particular importance in helping to assess the mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheets and their contribution to global sea level change. The Polar MM5, a mesoscale atmospheric model based on the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model, has been run for the period of July 1996 through June 1999 to evaluate the spatial and temporal variability of Antarctic precipitation. Drift snow effects on the redistribution of surface snow over Antarctica are also assessed with surface wind fields from Polar MM5 in this study. It is found that areas with large drift snow transport convergence and divergence are located around escarpment areas where there is considerable katabatic wind acceleration. It is also found that the drift snow transport generall...
Frame relay: protocols and private network applications

The authors discuss possible protocols for both data transfer and connection control in frame relay and describe the application of frame relay in private ISDN-based networks. First, the functions and frame structure associated with the frame sublayer and the operation of the frame-relaying process are reviewed. Then, the Q.931 procedures are examined for control of frame-relay connections at user-network interfaces, as well as the transport of the associated Q.931 messages across these interfaces, for several scenarios. Finally, the use of frame relay as a transport mechanism is described for all forms of packet-oriented traffic in private networks, focusing in particular on the synergy between the use of Q.931 procedures with appropriate extensions for inner-node signaling and the use of frame-relay to transport Q.931 messages within the network. Possibilities are briefly suggested for the evolution of private networks with frame relay into integrated packet networks. >
COPD may increase the incidence of refractory supraventricular arrhythmias following pulmonary resection for non-small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: This study investigated the association of COPD and postoperative cardiac arrhythmias, specifically supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), as well as mortality in patients undergoing pulmonary resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: A retrospective chart review of 244 patients who had undergone lung resection for NSCLC at Indiana University Hospital between 1992 and 1997 was undertaken. COPD, which was defined as an FEV1 of < 70% predicted and an FEV1/FVC ratio of < 70% based on the results of a preoperative pulmonary function test (PFT), was diagnosed in 78 of the 244 patients (COPD group). In the remaining 166 patients, the results of preoperative PFTs did not meet these criteria (non-COPD group). Both groups were otherwise well-matched with respect to multiple variables, including age, comorbid conditions, extent of pulmonary resection, and final pathologic stage. The incidence of cardiac arrhythmias and operative mortality were compared between the two groups using univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Seventy-six patients (31.9%) experienced new onsets of postoperative SVT, with 58 of these patients (76.3%) demonstrating atrial fibrillation. The COPD group had a 58.7% incidence of SVT (n 44) compared to a 27.0% incidence (n 44) in the non-COPD group (p < 0.0 0 1). Moreover, following initial digoxin therapy, the COPD group required more second-line antiarrhythmic therapy than did the non-COPD group (66.7% vs 37.8%, respectively; p 0.0 03). Overall, there were 16 operative deaths (6.6%), and the mortality rate was significantly higher in the COPD group (14.1%) than in the non-COPD group (3.0%; p 0.0 04). Patients who developed SVT had a significantly longer hospital course than did patients who did not (p < 0.0001). Thirteen of the 16 patients who died experienced SVT; however, SVT was not an independent risk factor for death. Finally, of the 19 variables evaluated, major resection (ie, pneumonectomy and bilobectomy) and COPD were identified as independent risk factors for the development of cardiac arrhythmias (p 0.0 033 and p 0.0 009, respectively). Conclusion: Patients with COPD, as defined by the results of preoperative PFTs, are at significantly higher risk for SVT, and in particular SVT refractory to digoxin, following pulmonary resection for NSCLC. Although SVT was not an independent risk factor for death, a significantly longer hospitalization was observed. (CHEST 2001; 120:1783–1790)
Regularity and blow-up analysis for J-holomorphic maps

If u∈H1(M,N) is a weakly J-holomorphic map from a compact without boundary almost hermitian manifold (M,j,g) into another compact without boundary almost hermitian manifold (N,J,h). Then it is smooth near any point x where Du has vanishing Morrey norm ℳ2,2m-2, with 2m=dim(M). Hence H2m-2 measure of the singular set for a stationary J-holomorphic map is zero. Blow-up analysis and the energy quantization theorem are established for stationary J-holomorphic maps. Connections between stationary J-holomorphic maps and stationary harmonic maps are given for either almost Kahler manifolds M and N or symmetric ∇hJ.
INTCTD: A Peer-to-Peer Approach for Intrusion Detection

In this paper we propose a peer-to-peer (P2P) prototype (INTCTD) for intrusion detection over an overlay network. INTCTD is a distributed system based on neural networks for detecting network traffic anomalies and for modifying dynamically the network resource access policies. Automated learning and online knowledge sharing are employed among the participating nodes, while the distillation of the network traffic is performed by each individual each node. This approach for local analysis of the network traffic gives the opportunity for utilization of simple automated learners at each node and the reduction of the amount of information exchanged among the peers.
Preparation of Isocyanates from Linseed, Safflower and Tall Oil Fatty Acids: I

Fatty acids from linseed, safflower and tall oils were converted to the corresponding isocyanates by two methods. In the first method linseed and safflower fatty acids were converted to the acid chloride either with thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride and the acid chlorides were converted to the azide which was finally decomposed into the isocyanate. Yields of isocyanates were related to the method used to prepare the parent acid chlorides, the oxalyl chloride procedure giving higher yields of isocyanates. Loss in unsaturation from acids to isocyanates was slight. The tall oil isocyanates were prepared in hig yields via the phosgene method, thus, fatty acids to nitriles to amines, to the amine hydrochloride which were then reacted with phosgene. The isocyanates prepared by this procedure contained one more CH2 group than those prepared via the first mentioned method. The infrared spectra of all isocyanates were essentially identical. Herstellung von Isocyanaten aus Lein-, Safflor- und Tallol-Fettsauren Lein-, Safflor- sowie Tallol-Fettsauren wurden nach zwei Methoden in die entsprechenden Isocyanate ubergefuhrt. Nach einem dieser Verfahren wurden zunachst die Lein- und Safflorol-Fettsauren entweder mit Thionylchlorid oder Oxalylchlorid zu den Saurechloriden umgesetzt, die nach ihrer Uberfuhrung in die Azide und anschliesender Zersetzung die Isocyanate ergaben. Die Ausbeute der Isocyanate war abhangig von der Methode zur Ausbeute der Isocyanate war abhangig von der Methode zur Herstellung des Saurechlorids. Die Oxalylchlorid-Methode lieferte hohere Ausbeuten an Isocyanat. Die Abnahme des Gehaltes an Doppelbindungen war bei der Umwandlung der Sauren zu den Isocyanaten gering. Tallol-Isocyanate wurden in hoher Ausbeute nach der Phosgen-Methode erhalten, wobei die Fettsauren uber Nitrile und Amine in Aminhydrochloride ubergefuhrt wurden, die man mit Phosgen umsetzte. Die nach dieser Methode erhaltenen Isocyanate enthalten eine CH2-Gruppe mehr als die, die nach der erstgenannten Methode hergestellt wurden. Die IR-Spektren aller Isocyanate waren im wesentlichen identisch.
UV Raman Determination of the Environment and Solvent Exposure of Tyr and Trp Residues

We characterized the dependence of the 229 nm Raman cross sections of tyr and trp on solvent exposure in native horse and tuna cytochrome c and in horse and sperm whale myoglobin. Tyr and trp resid...
Positively Diverse: Jewish Difference in Western Culture and the Academy

Thinking in Jewish. Jonathan Boyarin. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996. 218 pp. People of the Book: Thirty Scholars Reflect on Their Jewish Identity. Jeffrey Rubin-Dorsky and Shelley Fisher Fishkin. eds. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1996. 507 pp.
Visualizing Induction of Lytic Gammaherpesvirus Infection

EBV and KSHV both are associated with malignancies. In tumors the latent form of infection predominates and there is little or no expression of lytic genes. FIAU is a nucleoside analogue that is selectively phosphorylated by EBV and KSHV thymidine kinases. We have used a variety of pharmacologic agents to induce lytic infection in xenografts of Burkitt's lymphoma and primary effusion lymphoma cell lines in SCID mice. Using 125I labeled FIAU, we have been able to visualize lytic gene reactivation. from 2005 International Meeting of The Institute of Human Virology Baltimore, USA, 29 August – 2 September 2005
Direction-Independent Add/Drop Access for Multi-Degree ROADMs

We analyze system costs and associated tradeoffs for implementing direction- independent add/drop access for multi-degree ROADMs employing 1×K wavelength selective switches (WSS) and 3D-MEMS-based mirror array switches.
Cost-Effective Radiator Repair Ventilation Control

Abstract Radiator repair shops in the United States employ an estimated 40,000 workers. The shops are generally small, employing an average of four workers each. Airborne lead levels as high as 500 μg/m3, ten times the OSHA PEL of 50 μg/m3, have been reported in some of these shops, and blood lead levels in workers of over 60 μg/dl are not uncommon. Although numerous publications deal with the exposure problem, few describe methods to reduce lead levels. Typically, engineering controls in these radiator repair shops consist of propeller fans in the building walls or roof for general ventilation or electrostatic precipitators suspended from the ceiling to remove particulate from the air. Both methods are ineffective in reducing worker lead exposures to below the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL). This article describes a cost-effective ventilation enclosure made of a flexible silicone sheet reinforced by fibrous glass that forms a tent-like structure over...
Orientation and Affective Expression Effects on Face Recognition in Williams Syndrome and Autism

We sought to clarify the nature of the face processing strength commonly observed in individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) by comparing the face recognition ability of persons with WS to that of persons with autism and to healthy controls under three conditions: Upright faces with neutral expressions, upright faces with varying affective expressions, and inverted faces with neutral expressions. No differences were observed under the upright/neutral expression condition. However, the WS group was more accurate than the autism group when discriminating upright faces with varying affective expressions, whereas the opposite pattern emerged when discriminating inverted faces. We interpret these differences as a reflection of the contrasting social features of the two syndromes.
The temporalis muscle flap in reconstruction of intraoral defects: an appraisal of the technique.

Abstract Purpose. The purpose of this article is to review the experience of the authors in the use of the temporalis muscle flap for reconstruction of intraoral defects. Patients and Methods. This is a retrospective review of the use of the temporalis muscle flap for reconstruction of different types of intraoral defects in 8 patients. All patients in this series previously wore obturators as a nonsurgical treatment of their defects. Criteria used to evaluate the results of this technique included flap necrosis, facial nerve deficit, limitation of mandibular range of motion, and cosmetic deformity from scarring of the incision line or from loss of muscle volume in the temporal fossa. The patients were also evaluated for their degree of satisfaction with their speech and mastication with the obturator preoperatively and with the flap postoperatively. This article also reviews the success rates and complications with use of the temporalis muscle flap reported in the English-language literature during the past 14 years. Results. All 8 patients in this series had their defects successfully reconstructed, completely eliminating any further need for prosthetic obturation of the defect. There were no incidents of flap necrosis, facial nerve deficit, or long-term changes in mandibular range of motion. Slight temporal hollowing was seen in the first 3 patients. Results of the literature review also showed a high success rate and a low incidence of complications with use of this flap. Conclusions. The temporalis flap is a useful, reliable, and versatile option for reconstruction of moderate to large sized defects. The muscle can provide abundant tissue, with minimal to no functional morbidity or esthetic deformity in the donor site. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002;94:24-30)
Testing the modifiability of the state sport confidence inventory.

Completing the State Sport Confidence Inventory requires participants to compare themselves with the most confident athlete they know. Inconsistency is inherent in participants' choices that may result in unsystematic variance across such responses. This study tested the modifiability of the inventory by removing the "comparison" component from the instructions and from each of the 13 questions. Using data from 31 female figure skaters (M age = 16.1 yr., SD= 1.0), the original and modified versions were compared. Adequate reliabilities were found for both measures (both rs=.94), but a paired sample t test indicated significant differences between mean scores on the two versions. The total score and all of the item scores were higher for the modified version than the original, and coefficients of determination showed variance shared by the modified and original items ranged only from 9 to 59% per item. These results suggest that the modified version was not an adequate representation of the original inventory.
Impacts of a Gape Limited Brook Trout, Salvelinus Fontinalis, on Larval Northwestern Salamander, Ambystoma Gracile, Growth: A Field Enclosure Experiment

Abstract The formation of amphibian population structure is directly affected by predation. Although aquatic predators have been shown to have direct negative effects on larval salamanders in laboratory and field experiments, the potential impacts of gape-limited fish on larval salamander growth has been largely underexplored. We designed an enclosure experiment conducted in situ to quantify the effects of gape-limited Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) on larval Northwestern Salamander (Ambystoma gracile) growth. We specifically tested whether the presence of fish too small to consume larvae had a negative effect on larval growth. The results of this study indicate that the presence of a gape-limited S. fontinalis can have a negative effect on growth of larval A. gracile salamanders.
Good Samaritans and Castañeda’s System of Deontic Logic

The present paper continues my examination of Hector-Neri Castaneda’s unusual, intriguing, but oft neglected system of deontic logic. In [30] I examined Castaneda’s system against the Contrary-to-Duty Imperative Paradox. Here my plan is to focus on how his system fares against a strengthened version of the Good Samaritan Paradox: the Paradox of the Knower.
Reflections on U.S. - Based Human Rights NGO's Work on Africa

This note focuses on the International Human Rights Law Group and the Women’s Rights Project of Human Rights Watch as U.S. based international human rights nongovernmental organizations (INGOs). The authors worked for these groups and have used their experience to develop key points in how INGOs should change their operations in order to further their goals. Further, the article argues the African NGOs should seek to build broad-based local constituencies as opposed to being based entirely on support from more powerful countries.
Discarded theories: the role of changing interests

I take another look at the history of science and offer some fresh insights into why the history of science is filled with discarded theories. I argue that the history of science is just as we should expect it to be, given the following two facts about science: (i) theories are always only partial representations of the world, and (ii) almost inevitably scientists will be led to investigate phenomena that the accepted theory is not fit to account for. Together these facts suggest that most scientific theories are apt to be discarded sometime, superseded by new theories that better serve scientists’ new research interests. Consequently, it is reasonable to expect that many of the theories we currently accept, despite their many impressive successes, will be discarded sometime in the future. But I also argue that discarded theories are not always aptly characterized as a sign of failure or as a sign of some sort of shortcoming with science. Theories are discarded because scientists are making advances in their pursuit of knowledge. Thus, discarded theories are often a sign of the good health of science. Scientists are responding to their changing research interests.
Coaxial ion trap mass spectrometer: concentric toroidal and quadrupolar trapping regions.

We present the design and results for a new radio-frequency ion trap mass analyzer, the coaxial ion trap, in which both toroidal and quadrupolar trapping regions are created simultaneously. The device is composed of two parallel ceramic plates, the facing surfaces of which are lithographically patterned with concentric metal rings and covered with a thin film of germanium. Experiments demonstrate that ions can be trapped in either region, transferred from the toroidal to the quadrupolar region, and mass-selectively ejected from the quadrupolar region to a detector. Ions trapped in the toroidal region can be transferred to the quadrupole region using an applied ac signal in the radial direction, although it appears that the mechanism of this transfer does not involve resonance with the ion secular frequency, and the process is not mass selective. Ions in the quadrupole trapping region are mass analyzed using dipole resonant ejection. Multiple transfer steps and mass analysis scans are possible on a single ...
Roll and Pitch Imaging Stabilization for Small UAS

Three solutions for providing roll and pitch image stabilization on small UAS (Unmanned Aircraft Systems) were developed. Stabilization is provided in the roll and pitch axes through the use of a gimbaled mirror system that maintains a constant orthogonal view of the ground. A consistent orthogonal view provides better quality imagery for visual evaluation as well as image mosaicing. Three different stabilization solutions are presented for qualitative, quantitative, and logistic comparisons. Each system has a unique driving device for stabilization. The first system uses a mechanical gyroscope, the second system uses an infrared horizon sensor, and the third system uses an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit). Laboratory testing as well as flight testing are discussed.
THE ENZYMES OF THE GALACTOSE OPERON IN ESCHERICHIA COLI. I. PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF URIDINE DIPHOSPHOGALACTOSE 4-EPIMERASE.

SUMMARY The structure of the galactohinase in Escherichia coli has been analyzed with the aim of defining the size of its structural gene. To that end the molecular weight, amino acid composition, number of tryptic peptides, and amino-terminal residues of this protein were determined. The results indicate that this galactokinase consists of one polypeptide chain containing 368 residues, and hence that its structural gene contains about 1100 base pairs.
BOSS: building operating system services

Commercial buildings are attractive targets for introducing innovative cyber-physical control systems, because they are already highly instrumented distributed systems which consume large quantities of energy. However, they are not currently programmable in a meaningful sense because each building is constructed with vertically integrated, closed subsystems and without uniform abstractions to write applications against. We develop a set of operating system services called BOSS, which supports multiple portable, fault-tolerant applications on top of the distributed physical resources present in large commercial buildings. We evaluate our system based on lessons learned from deployments of many novel applications in our test building, a four-year-old, 140,000sf building with modern digital controls, as well as partial deployments at other sites.
Hippocampal Changes in Down’s Syndrome

Semiquantitative scales and quantitative computerized image analyses were used to determine the neurofibrillary tangle formation and AB amyloid deposition in the hippocampal formation and inferior temporal gyrus in 36 Down’s syndrome cases, aged 4 to 73 years.
Individual Physician Penalties Resulting From Violation of Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act: A Review of Office of the Inspector General Patient Dumping Settlements, 2002–2015

Objective The objective was to describe characteristics of civil monetary penalty settlements levied by the Office of the Inspector General (OIG) against individual physicians related to violation of the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA). Methods Descriptions of all civil monetary penalty settlements between 2002 and 2015 were obtained from the OIG. Characteristics of settlements against individual physicians related to EMTALA violations were described including settlement date, location, amount, whether there was an associated hospital settlement, the medical specialty of the physician involved, and the nature of the allegation. Results Of 196 OIG civil monetary penalty settlements related to EMTALA, eight (4%) were levied against individual physicians, and 188 (96%) against facilities. Seven of the eight penalties against individual physicians were imposed upon on-call specialists, including six who failed to respond to evaluate and treat a patient in the emergency department (ED), and one who failed to accept appropriate transfer of a patient requiring higher level of care. The only penalty imposed on an emergency physician involved a case where a provider repeatedly failed to provide a medical screening examination to a pregnant teen based on the erroneous belief that a minor could not be evaluated or treated absent parental consent. Four of eight penalties against individual physicians were levied within the first 3 years of the 14-year study period. Half of all physician settlements were associated with a separate hospital civil monetary penalty settlement. Conclusions For emergency physicians, a civil monetary penalty is a feared consequence of EMTALA enforcement, as a physician can be held individually liable for fine of up to $50,000 not covered by malpractice insurance. Although EMTALA is an actively enforced law, and violation of the EMTALA statute often results in hospital citations and fines, and occasionally facility closure, we found that individual physicians are rarely penalized by the OIG following EMTALA violation. Individual physician penalties are far less common than hospital citations or fines related to EMTALA or malpractice claims or payments. The majority of penalties against individual physicians were levied upon on-call specialists who refused to evaluate and treat ED patients. Only one emergency physician was fined during the study period for a clear violation of the EMTALA statute. Physicians should be diligent to ensure appropriate patient care and that facilities are compliant with the EMTALA statute, but should be aware that settlements against individual physicians are a rare consequence of EMTALA enforcement.
Needs of Libraries with Rich Islamic Collections: Classification Dilemma and Optimal Solution for Islamic Knowledge

Standard library classification systems (e.g., DDC, LCC, UDC) are convenient information organization tools. Libraries with rich collections on Islam face problems; hence, use expansions/indigenous systems. This poster examines this problem and presents a potential optimal solution, based on data from 30 libraries and 16 LIS Scholars from nine countries. Les systemes de classification documentaires standards (p. ex. DDC, LCC, UDC) sont des outils d’organisation de l’information pratiques. Les bibliotheques avec de riches collections sur l’Islam font face a des problemes et elles doivent utiliser des systemes complementaires ou ad hoc. Cette affiche examine ce probleme et presente une solution optimale potentielle, basee sur les donnees de 30 bibliotheques et 16 chercheurs en BSI de neuf pays.
Low temperature adsorption study of CO2 in ZIF-8

Abstract We present the results of a thermodynamic and kinetics of adsorption study of CO2 sorbed in ZIF-8. Adsorption isotherms were measured at ten temperatures between 133 K and 237 K. Consistent with what has been reported for this system at higher temperatures, there is only one step in the sorption isotherms up to reaching the saturated vapor pressure. We obtained the isosteric heat of adsorption as a function of loading from the isotherm data. The isosteric heat displays a non-monotonic dependence on loading: there is a maximum in the isosteric heat at high sorbent loadings. For all loadings below the maximum, the isosteric heat is an increasing function of loading. We also measured the time required to reach equilibrium after a dose of gas was added to the sorbent to establish the sorption kinetics for this system. While the general trend in the equilibration times is that equilibration times are shorter for increasing loading, we found a small local maximum in a region in the neighborhood of where the isosteric heat has its peak value. The thermodynamic and kinetic results obtained for CO2 in ZIF-8 are compared with those obtained in prior studies of O2 and Xe in ZIF-8.
Jahn–Teller Effect in Laser Crystal LiCaAlF6: Cr3+

Abstract In this chapter we have theoretically investigated the Jahn–Teller effect in the excited 4 T 2g states of the laser crystal LiCaAlF 6 :Cr 3+ . The Cr 3+ (3d 3 ) ion has octahedral site symmetry in the host crystal and its low-lying energy levels are obtained in a static crystal field model. The fine structure of the 4 T 2g state due to spin–orbit interaction and mixing of 2 E g , 4 T 2g and 2 T 1g have been calculated. The dynamical Jahn–Teller effect in a moderate crystal field and intermediate vibronic coupling have been considered to calculate the Ham reduction of total splitting of the 4 T 2g term. The linear spin–orbit and the linear vibronic coupling Hamiltonians are used. The results are compared with the experimental data.
G80(P) Are children with disability more at risk of abuse? A single centre retrospective case notes review

Background A report commissioned by NSPCC in 2014, ‘We have the right to be safe: Protecting disabled children from abuse’ stated disabled children are 3 times more likely to be abused than non-disabled children. The report identified certain high risk groups among disabled children including males, conduct disorders and learning disabilities. Aims A retrospective case notes review of a single centre, to compare the occurrence of suspected and confirmed abuse among children with and without disability. An estimated risk of abuse was calculated from local authority population data. Methods We identified all children referred for suspected abuse at a single Tertiary Safeguarding Unit, covering a population of over 2 70 000 children, in a 3 month period. Data on Demographics, type of injuries and disability was collected and analysed. Occurrence of abuse in those with disabilities was compared with those without disability. Results Data was analysed for all 109 children referred with safeguarding concerns between January to March 2016. Disability was recorded for 106 children and 31% had a disability. The rates of disability in our population is estimated at 20% by the local authority. Our figures suggest a 1.55 fold increased risk of abuse in disabled children compared with non-disabled. Children presented with a range of and sometimes multiple disabilities to include communication problems(42%), pre-school developmental delay(21%), Learning difficulties(27%) and ADHD(27%). 61% of disabled children seen were male. Following referral there were more outcomes of abuse in disabled(n=33) versus non-disabled(n=73), demonstrated in Table 1 (shaded=disabled). The commonest injuries seen in disabled children were physical assault(27%), poor handling(15%) and ear bruising(15%). Conclusions Of children referred with safeguarding concerns nearly one third had a disability(31%). Our estimated 1.55 times increased risk is half that quoted by NSPCC raising concerns that abuse in these vulnerable children may be underreported. Greater awareness among professionals caring for these families and increased vigilance in identifying abuse in disabled children is needed.
Advancing Health Equity: Facilitating Action on the Social Determinants of Health Among Public Health Departments.

The article discusses efforts to facilitate action on the social determinants of health among public health departments in order to advance and achieve health equity in the U.S. Topics include the need for flexible and sustained funding in order to facilitate work on social determinants of health among public health departments, and the lack of available research on the cost effectiveness associated with interventions targeting the social determinants of health.
When Do Electoral Quotas Advance Indigenous Representation?: Evidence from the Taiwanese Legislature†

The Republic of China on Taiwan has long reserved legislative seats for its indigenous minorities, known collectively as yuanzhumin, providing an important avenue of influence in national politics ...
Experimental and Theoretical Studies on Gas-Phase Fragmentation Reactions of Protonated Methyl Benzoate: Concomitant Neutral Eliminations of Benzene, Carbon Dioxide, and Methanol

Protonated methyl benzoate, upon activation, fragments by three distinct pathways. The m/z 137 ion for the protonated species generated by helium-plasma ionization (HePI) was mass-selected and subjected to collisional activation. In one fragmentation pathway, the protonated molecule generated a product ion of m/z 59 by eliminating a molecule of benzene (Pathway I). The m/z 59 ion (generally recognized as the methoxycarbonyl cation) produced in this way, then formed a methyl carbenium ion in situ by decarboxylation, which in turn evoked an electrophilic aromatic addition reaction on the benzene ring by a termolecular process to generate the toluenium cation (Pathway II). Moreover, protonated methyl benzoate undergoes also a methanol loss (Pathway III). However, it is not a simple removal of a methanol molecule after a protonation on the methoxy group. The incipient proton migrates to the ring and randomizes to a certain degree before a subsequent transfer of one of the ring protons to the alkoxy group for the concomitant methanol elimination. The spectrum recorded from deuteronated methyl benzoate showed two peaks at m/z 105 and 106 for the benzoyl cation at a ratio of 2:1, confirming the charge-imparting proton is mobile. However, the proton transfer from the benzenium intermediate to the methoxy group for the methanol loss occurs before achieving a complete state of scrambling. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Reflections on Polarities and Bias

I am a biased person. Occasionally, when I am with people who call themselves psychologists, I think saying that means I am not one of them. On the other hand, it is possible that I am not the only biased person in the world of psychology and that others, too, have biases. As a matter of fact, when I think not only of the part of the conference where this panel participates, but also take account of the sessions that preceded us, I believe that this conference, as a whole, is an example of how to use bias in the service of research in organizational psychology. Here are two examples of bias that have impressed me recently.
The Physician Group Practice Demonstration-A Valuable Model for ACOs?

Valuable lessons for the accountable care organization model can be gleaned from Medicare's Physician Group Practice Demonstration, but, until it proves broadly successful, other strategies to curb Medicare spending must be identified.
Speech coding using trajectory compression and multiple sensors.

This paper presents a new method of multi-frame speech coding based upon polynomial approximation of speech feature trajectories incorporating multiple sensor signals from microphones, accelerometer, electro-glottograph, and microradar. The trajectory polynomial approximation exploits the inter-frame information redundancy encountered in natural speech. The trajectory method is applicable to features such as spectral parameters, gain, and pitch. The method is suitable for application to a frame vocoder to further reduce the transmission bit rate. Multiple transducers increase the intelligibility and quality of the coded speech in noisy environments. Experimental results are obtained by embedding the new method into an enhanced mixed-excitation linear prediction vocoder. The resulting vocoder operates at 1533 bps and preliminary intelligibility and quality tests show results comparable to those of the original 2400 bps vocoder.
Who goes to college, military, prison, or long-term unemployment? Racialized school-to-labor market transitions among American men.

This paper analyzes the selection processes behind post-schooling transitions into college enrollment, military service, long-term unemployment, and incarceration relative to civilian employment, examining to what extent these processes are racialized. Rather than analyzing a complete set of alternatives, previous research typically focuses on a limited set of these alternatives at a time, and rarely accounts for incarceration or long-term unemployment. Using individual-level panel data on the first post-high school transition from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 Cohort, results show that white men experience positive transitions (college enrollment and military service) at higher rates and for longer periods than black men, who experience negative transitions (long-term unemployment and incarceration) at higher rates for longer periods than whites. Competing risk Cox regression analyses reveal that blacks’ transitions are polarized, showing that blacks in the upper distributions of standardized test scores and socioeconomic status are more likely to pursue a college education relative to their white counterparts, whereas blacks in the bottom of the standardized test score and socioeconomic status distribution are more likely to experience negative transitions than whites. Unlike prior research finding that military service provided “bridging careers” for racial minorities, black men are no longer more likely to join the military than whites. Instead, blacks now face a much higher risk of incarceration. Implications for intra-generational mobility and changing opportunity structures for racial minorities are discussed.
The making of an interstellar mixtape

Music writer Jonathan Scott likes weird records with distinct formats: playable postage stamps and golden disks billions of miles from Earth carrying disco-era messages for extraterrestrials, to name a couple. The Vinyl Frontier is his breezy take on the creation of the latter.
Sternorrhynchous vectors of plant viruses: virus-vector interactions and transmission mechanisms.

Publisher Summary Vector transmission of plant viruses can be influenced by a number of factors, such as geographical distribution and availability of viruses, vectors, and virus host plants and their proximity to each other. The study of how environmental factors such as these affect virus–vector–plant compatibility, as measured by virus spread or vector transmission efficiency, is referred to as “transmission ecology.” This chapter discusses the transmission ecology mainly limited to the times when virus, vector, and plant come together during the acquisition, carryover, and inoculation phases of transmission. Special emphasis is placed on how virus–vector–plant interactions determine the mechanisms by which viruses are transmitted within particular virus–vector transmission systems. Studies on the fate of pea enation mosaic virus in its pea aphid vector, Acyrthosiphon pisum , elucidated the mechanism of circulative transmission of small isometric viruses by aphids and provided the first direct evidence in support of the hypothetical role of the aphid's salivary system in determining virus–vector specificity phenomena. Additional support for the selective role of aphid salivary glands in virus transmission comes from a very similar electron microscopic study of the virus–vector interactions of two isolates of the luteovirus barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV).
The synthetic preparation of naturally-occurring aromatase inhibitors, morachalcone A, isogemichalcone B, and isogemichalcone C

Abstract A convergent synthesis applicable to the preparation of oxidized prenylchalcones is reported that relies on key Claisen–Schmidt, Mitsunobu, and vinyl/benzyl Stille coupling operations. The synthetic strategy was applied towards the preparation of the natural products morachalcone A and isogemichalcones B & C, allowing their preparation in less than 10 steps and 6–8% overall yield.
Take control: on the unreasonable effectiveness of software analytics

The goal of software analytics should be insight; i.e. surprises that make us change the way we do business (in our case, the business of software construction, maintenance and evolution). So what insights have we learned from software analytics? Our field is rife with any number of truisms that are commonly quoted but rarely checked. That stops now. Using software analytics, we can check, and prune, many of those truisms. Specifically, the number of variables required to make predictions about SE projects is remarkably small---which means that (a) most of the things we think might affect software quality have little impact in practice; (b) controlling just a few key variables can be enough to improve software quality.
Inhibition of Angiopoietin-Like Protein 3 With a Monoclonal Antibody Reduces Triglycerides in Hypertriglyceridemia

Background: Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and may be caused by impaired lipoprotein clearance. Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) inhibits lipoprotein lip...
Accelerating Change: The Power of Faculty Change Agents to Promote Diversity and Inclusive Teaching Practices.

Faculty play an important role in attracting students to the geosciences, helping them to thrive in geoscience programs, and preparing them for careers. Thus, faculty have the responsibility to wor...