cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selective Recovery of Ammonia Nitrogen from Wastewaters with Transition Metal-Loaded Polymeric Cation Exchange Adsorbents.

Extracting valuable products from wastewaters with nitrogen-selective adsorbents can offset energy-intensive ammonia production, rebalance the nitrogen cycle, and incentivize environmental remediation. Separating nitrogen (N) as ammonium from other wastewater cations (e.g., K+ , Ca2+ ) presents a major challenge to N removal from wastewater and N recovery as high-purity products. High selectivity and capacity were achieved through ligand exchange of ammonia with ammine-complexing transition metals loaded onto polymeric cation exchange resins. Compared to commercial resins, metal-ligand exchange adsorbents exhibited higher ammonia removal capacity (8 mequiv g-1 ) and selectivity (N/K+ equilibrium selectivity of 10.1) in binary equimolar solutions. Considering optimal ammonia concentrations (200-300 mequiv L-1 ) and pH (9-10) for metal-ligand exchange, hydrolyzed urine was identified as a promising candidate for selective TAN recovery. However, divalent cation exchange increased transition metal elution and reduced ammonia adsorption. Ultimately, metal-ligand exchange adsorbents can advance nitrogen-selective separations from wastewaters.
Bilingual Childcare: Hitches, Hurdles, and Hopes, by Benz, V.: (2017). Bristol, UK; Blue Ridge Summit, PA: Multilingual Matters. 192 pp. $129.95 (hardcover). ISBN: 978-1783099177.

The question of bilingual education has long been a concern for parents and educators. As once-distinct languages and cultures continue to intersect in new settings, pedagogies require inclusive fr...
Dysregulation of Cell Signaling by SARS-CoV-2.

Pathogens usurp host pathways to generate a permissive environment for their propagation. The current spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection presents the urgent need to understand the complex pathogen–host interplay for effective control of the virus. SARS-CoV-2 reorganizes the host cytoskeleton for efficient cell entry and controls host transcriptional processes to support viral protein translation. The virus also dysregulates innate cellular defenses using various structural and nonstructural proteins. This results in substantial but delayed hyperinflammation alongside a weakened interferon (IFN) response. We provide an overview of SARS-CoV-2 and its uniquely aggressive life cycle and discuss the interactions of various viral proteins with host signaling pathways. We also address the functional changes in SARS-CoV-2 proteins, relative to SARS-CoV. Our comprehensive assessment of host signaling in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis provides some complex yet important strategic clues for the development of novel therapeutics against this rapidly emerging worldwide crisis.
Pathway-based approach of genetic variation in the vitamin D-related genes, serum vitamin D concentrations, and prostate cancer risk

3113 Background: Vitamin D may play a role in prostate carcinogenesis via vitamin D receptor (VDR), a transcription regulator that binds vitamin D; however, genetic variation in the VDR and other genes related to the metabolism and function of vitamin D and prostate cancer risk has not been comprehensively investigated. We examined the association of common genetic variants in vitamin D-related genes (total 206 tag SNPs; CYP27A1, GC, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, VDR, RXRA, RXRB, PPAR, NCOA1, NCOA2, NCOA3, and SMAD3) with prostate cancer risk in a nested case-control study within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial and examined possible interactions with serum vitamin D status. Methods: The study included 749 incident prostate cancer cases and 781 controls that were frequency-matched on age, time since initial screening, and calendar year of cohort entry. We utilized SNPs of interest from the PLCO-CGEMS genome wide scan data, which were selected based on r2(>0.8) and minor allele frequencies (>5%) and genotyped by the Illumina platform. Baseline serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D] was determined by radioimmunoassay. Multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression for individual SNPs; haplotype analyses were also conducted. Results: None of the tagSNPs examined were associated with prostate cancer risk overall. However, among men in the lowest tertile of 25(OH)D ( G); 1.87 (1.20-2.91) for rs757343 (IVS10+443 A>G); and 0.59 (0.39-0.87) for rs1544410 (Bsm I, IVS10+283G>A)]; the association between these genetic variations and prostate cancer risk was null among men in the highest two tertiles (> 48.9 nmol/l; p interactions
Integrating numerical modeling into an introductory physics laboratory

Traditional introductory physics laboratories typically focus on guided experimentation while neglecting essential aspects of the scientific practice including computational reasoning. While there is a broad consensus among physics faculty on the need to introduce undergraduate students to computation, its integration in physics curricula is far from adequate. In this article, we document the process of redesigning a calculus-based introductory physics laboratory course to incorporate computational modeling. We describe the instructional design and document students' and instructors' experiences and attitudes towards this new course. Despite some challenges, students identified numerical modeling as the most important and beneficial feature of the lab course. The computational tools allowed students to engage in more complex and realistic experiments than conventional laboratories, which triggered their interest and kept them engaged in the task. Results from instructor interview data corroborate the positive perceived aspects of student attitudes towards the course.
The Realities of Conducting Reproductive Health-based Studies in the Developing World: Cases from Mali & India

This field notes article provides an overview of two reproductive health research studies previously conducted in Mali and India and the methodological lessons learned. The lessons learned from these studies were: 1) to effectively emphasize the protocol for the study and the specific timeline to which all study coordinators/partners will adhere; 2) to obtain both written and oral agreements from all the partners to abide by the protocol; 3) to ensure the study tools are approved for use by all study coordinators; 4) to ensure adequate resources are available for use prior to the beginning of data collection; and 5) to provide adequate training to all interviewers and personnel who will be interacting and working with study participants. By following these steps, study investigators in the future will be able to effectively carry out international public health research.
Integration of Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine Students in a Trauma Center's Acute Pain Service: In-Person and Remote Training and Patient Care

Objective: Evidence of effectiveness and demand for acupuncture to treat acute pain conditions is growing, as is the need for acupuncturists trained to deliver patient care in a hospital setting. T...
Mycorrhizal type determines root–microbial responses to nitrogen fertilization and recovery

Nitrogen (N) fertilization has enhanced the forest land carbon (C) sink by increasing the amount of C stored in soils, possibly through reductions in decomposition. Established differences in nutrient acquisition strategies between trees that associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi have been shown to influence the magnitude of this N effect on decomposition and soil C stocks. However, N deposition is declining across many temperate North American forests and little is known about how mycorrhizal-associated strategies in trees may impact short-term recovery. To examine divergent nutrient acquisition responses to N between AM and ECM systems, we developed a conceptual framework based on the idea that N fertilization reduces the C cost of N acquisition. In this framework, under N fertilization, ECM trees shift from N mining to N foraging and AM trees shift from mycorrhizal foraging to root foraging. We expanded on this framework by hypothesizing that initial recovery occurs across a spectrum, where nutrient foraging strategies either (1) persist in their N fertilized state, (2) return to the ambient state, or (3) shift to a new steady state. We tested this framework by examining fine root biomass and morphology, mycorrhizal colonization, and soil enzyme activities in organic horizon, bulk mineral, and rhizosphere mineral soils in AM and ECM dominated plots during the last year of a ~ 30 year N fertilization experiment and 1-year after fertilization ceased at Bear Brook Watershed, in Maine USA. Overall, our results indicate that N fertilization disrupted the organic N mining nutrient economy of ECM trees by reducing fine root biomass and mycorrhizal colonization and altering root morphology to improve N foraging. In contrast, AM trees appeared to shift from mycorrhizal foraging toward root foraging by reducing mycorrhizal colonization while maintaining root biomass. While AM and ECM mycorrhizal colonization in the fertilized plots remained lower than the ambient plots during the year after fertilization ceased, the rapid recovery of roots in fertilized ECM soils back to a level similar to those of the control soils was mirrored by ECM rhizosphere and organic horizon enzyme recovery. The ECM bulk mineral and all of the AM soil enzymes activities remained at their N fertilized levels. Although these are short-term recovery responses, our results suggest that the recovery of enzyme activities in the majority of ECM soil fractions, but not the AM soils may destabilize stored soil C in ECM stands that decades of N deposition have enhanced.
Trl-6 Qualification of Jwst Mirror Segments

Since 1996, all key mirror technology for a JWST Primary Mirror Segment Assembly (PMSA), as defined directly from the JWST Level 1 Science Requirements, have been developed and matured from a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 3 to 6. This has occurred as the result of a highly successful technology development program including sub-scale Beryllium Mirror Demonstrator (SBMD), Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator (AMSD), and JWST flight mirror fabrication. Directly traceable prototypes (and in some cases the flight hardware itself) has been built, tested and operated in a relevant environment.
The U.S. Navy’s Approach to Climate Change and Sea Level Rise

Climate change and its associated effects such as sea level rise, ice sheet melting, and changing storm and precipitation patterns are being observed on global and regional scales around the world and will influence the way the U.S. Navy operates in the twenty-first century. In response to the overwhelming scientific evidence that climate change is occurring, and recognizing that climate change is a national security threat with strategic implications for the Navy, the Navy’s Task Force Climate Change and Task Force Energy are executing Navy Arctic and Climate Roadmaps and a Navy Energy Strategy. The Climate Change Roadmap outlines the Navy approach to assessing, predicting, and adapting to climate change to ensure that the Navy is mission ready in order to meet the challenges of the future.
Improved CFD modeling and validation of erosion damage due to fine sand particles

Abstract Using an Eulerian–Lagrangian approach, numerical erosion modeling of a 90° sharp bend in water–sand slurry flow is performed. The numerical results are validated with experimental data in the literature [1] . Two different sand types, 25 µm sharp silica sand and 256 µm rounded quartz are used. The carrier fluid velocity is varied from 15.2 m/s to 26.2 m/s. The total mass loss and local wall thickness loss in upstream and downstream sections of the sharp bend are calculated and compared with experimental data. Two models are employed for resolving the near wall region, standard wall-function and low- Re number approach. It is found that for large particles (256 μm) the erosion results predicted by both models agree well with experimental data. However, using the standard wall function for small particles (25 μm) produces non-physical particle trajectory near the wall. This leads to over prediction of experimental data by about one order of magnitude. The numerical results show that adequately resolving the near wall region and employing the low- Re number model can significantly improve the erosion prediction resulting from small particles.
The Spectral Nature of YHWH (Dtr): Perspectives from Derridean Hauntology

This article brings postmodern Continental philosophy of history to bear on the theologies of the Book of Deuteronomy. It looks at the "hauntological" effects of the character of YHWH (Dtr) as a "spectre" in the reception history of the book's god-talk. The character of YHWH (Dtr) seems to have attained the status of a literary ghost already within the book of Deuteronomy, the theology of which continues to haunt even in the atheological rhetoric of the New Atheism, long after the collapse of realism in Deuteronomic / Deuteronomistic philosophies of history.
Aligning library assessment processes to the library's service environment : A conceptual model

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the alignment of assessment processes in libraries and develop a conceptual model of aligning library performance assessment for effective reporting of library value and performance to stakeholders.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews of library performance assessment literature and current practice research to identify the need and value of aligned performance assessment processes for libraries, the primary contributing alignment factors affecting the library assessment process, and potential benefits of improved alignment of the assessment process for libraries.Findings – Libraries can improve the reporting and value of their assessment processes by improving the alignment of their assessment processes in two ways: internally through the use of consistent and innovative processes, metrics, and culture within the library and externally by embracing the alignment factors of the library's service environment. The library must develop more effe...
An Iterative Generalized Vickrey Auction: Strategy-Proofness without Complete Revelation

The generalized Vickrey auction (GVA) is a strategy-proof combinatorial auction, in which truthful bidding is the optimal strategy for an agent. In this paper we address a fundamental problem with the GVA, which is that it requires agents to compute and reveal their values for all combinations of items. This can be very difficult for bounded-rational agents with limited or costly computation. We propose an experimental design for an iterative combinatorial auction. We have a theoretical proof that the the auction implements the outcome of the Vickrey auction in special cases, and initial experimental results support our conjecture that the auction implements the outcome of the Vickrey auction in all cases. The auction has better information properties than the sealedbid GVA: in each round agents must only bid for the set of bundles that maximize their utility given current ask prices, which does not require agents to compute their exact values for every bundle.
The available niacin values of foods for rats and their relation to analytical values.

A bioassay for niacin was developed using weight gain or "gain/food eaten" of young rats as the response measure. The best basal diet contained casein 70 and gelatin 65.5 g/kg together with supplementary tryptophan to a total of 0.97 g/kg and other amino acids to meet requirements. After a 4-day depletion period, rats gained ca. 1 g/day over the next 20 days on the basal diet alone, or ca. 7 g/day and 12 mg/kg added nicotinic acid. Test foods were added at two levels with diets adjusted to keep constant amino acid composition. The results were compared with chemical analyses for total niacin (i.e., in extracts prepared from samples digested with alkali) and for free niacin (using extracts made at neutral pH) with separation of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide on thin-layer chromatograms or Sephadex columns. Eight samples of mature cooked cereals, with their niacin largely in bound forms, gave rat assay values equivalent to ca. 35% of their total niacin content. Alkali-cooked tortilas, steamed sweet corn, beans and liver, with their niacin all in free form, gave assay values close to their total niacin content. Baked potatoes and peanut flour were intermediate in both respects.
Novel Forms of epithelial cell motility on collagen and on glass surfaces

The motility of an epithelial cell line NBT-II derived from a rat bladder tumor was examined on glass and on collagen. On glass the cells rotate in groups of 2-8 cells. Rotatory migration ceases as cells enter into mitosis; after mitosis, the daughter cells spread out and participate in the rotatory activity of the group. As the number of cells in a group increases the rate of rotatory migration slows, and groups with ten cells or more do not rotate consistently. On collagen NBT-II cells migrate as single cells in a smooth gliding fashion, with the broad lamellipodia as the leading front. After mitosis, the two daughter cells separate at 180 degrees of each other and migrate away independently. Before totally spreading out on the collagen surface, the pair of daughter cells shows a characteristic twist of about 60 degrees from their original position at telophase. The difference in motility of NBT II cells on glass and on collagen is explained in terms of differences in cell-to-cell cohesion and cell-to-substrate adhesion.
Electrotribological behavior of Cu-15 vol.% Cr in situ composites under dry sliding

Abstract The Cu-15 vol.% Cr in situ composite i a promising material for the electrical contacts in high current devices, since it has an excellent combination of mechanical strength and electrical/thermal conductivity. The electrotribological behavior of Cu-15 vol.% Cr was studied using a modified pin-on-disk tester with an electrical current applied across the sliding interface. The Cu-15 vol.% Cr pins were slid against a hardened AISI 52100 steel disk under dry ambient conditions. Coefficient of friction, wear rate and bulk temperature of the composite pins were evaluated as a function of electrical current, normal pressure and sliding speed. The microstructural change in the composite due to electrical sliding was related to the electrotribological behavior. Within the studied range of electrical current, normal pressure and sliding speed, the coefficient of friction and the wear rate decreased with increasing electrical current, whereas the bulk temperature increased. A deformed subsurface layer was identified in the composite after electrical sliding. The thickness of the subsurface layer decreased with increasing electrical current. The surface layer, containing refined structure, wear debris and back transferred materials from the steel disk, had a high level of microhardness.
What's New in Shorthand Education?

Abstract For the fourth consecutive year the author presents a complete bibliography and brief comments for the annual review of stenography articles September, 1960, to June, 1961.
On the Development of a Scalable 8-DoF Model for a Generic Parafoil-Payload Delivery System

The paper presents an initial move to develop a scalable high-degree-of-freedom model of the parafoilpayload system. The intention is to develop the tool capable of: i) determining basic system’s geometry parameters by observing the video data of the real descend, ii) readjusting the nominal aerodynamic and control coefficients incorporated into the well-established equations of motions, and iii) performing model identification to tune numerous relative variables to achieve the best fit with the real drop data if available. Since in the certain way such a tool would represent some kind of generalization of the modeling efforts undertaken so far, the present paper starts from a comprehensive review of publications devoted to the modeling of parafoil-payload systems. The paper then briefly addressed the current stage of the development of a scalable model. In anticipation of real drop data to validate the approach paper ends with conclusions. I. Introduction UE to their ability to cover large horizontal distances from the drop point and their controllability, gliding parachutes offer considerable scope for military application in the delivery of troops, stores and munitions, enhanced safety for aircrew, etc. One concept in the gliding-parachute category which has received attention in mid 60’s is a ram-air-inflated fabric wing (called the Jalbert load-distributing flares parafoil). It has a rectangular planform and an airfoil cross-section with an opening at the leading edge to allow ram air to enter and inflate the wing to the desired shape. The payload is suspended on lines below the wing. Some of the earliest projects involving the usage of parafoil-based systems were discussed by Nikolaides and Knapp. 1-7 Lingard 8 provided comprehensive bibliography of ram-air literature up to 1980. Some definitions that in a quarter of a century have become sort of standard, discussion on modern parafoil parameters and their design were presented by Poynter. 9 For the past 40 years a lot of models of different parafoil-payload systems were developed to address the variety of issues. Lately, the high-fidelity 8 and 9 degrees-of freedom (DoF) models were also created. This paper describes current status of an attempt to develop a scalable model of a generic parafoil-payload system based on the model that has already been developed earlier for the Pegasus payload delivery system by FXC Corp. 10 In what follows the extensive review of the aerodynamic data available for different parafoils as well as numerous attempts to model parafoil-payload systems are given first. Then a brief description of the software developed so far is presented. This tool also employs the system identification tools to better match the real drop data if available. These tools however are considered in a separate paper. 11
Dielectrophoretic Monitoring and Interstrain Separation of Intact Clostridium difficile Based on Their S(Surface)-Layers

Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI) rates have exhibited a steady rise worldwide over the last two decades and the infection poses a global threat due to the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains. Interstrain antagonistic interactions across the host microbiome form an important strategy for controlling the emergence of CDI. The current diagnosis method for CDI, based on immunoassays for toxins produced by pathogenic C. difficile strains, is limited by false negatives due to rapid toxin degradation. Furthermore, simultaneous monitoring of nontoxigenic C. difficile strains is not possible, due to absence of these toxins, thereby limiting its application toward the control of CDI through optimizing antagonistic interstrain interactions. Herein, we demonstrate that morphological differences within the cell wall of particular C. difficile strains with differing S-layer proteins can induce systematic variations in their electrophysiology, due alterations in cell wall capacitance. As a result, dielectrophoretic frequency analysis can enable the independent fingerprinting and label-free separation of intact microbials of each strain type from mixed C. difficile samples. The sensitivity of this contact-less electrophysiological method is benchmarked against the immunoassay and microbial growth rate methods for detecting alterations within both, toxigenic and nontoxigenic C. difficile strains after vancomycin treatment. This microfluidic diagnostic platform can assist in the development of therapies for arresting clostridial infections by enabling the isolation of individual strains, optimization of antibiotic treatments and the monitoring of microbiomes.
Macrophage activation syndrome in a case of systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Diagnostic dilemmas

Macrophage activation syndrome or hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by activated macrophage activity leading to a sepsis-like clinical presentation with hemophagocytosis, hyperferritinemia, hypercytokinemia, and variable cytopenias often resulting in multiple organ failure, occurs much more frequently in individuals with systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Broadening our conceptual frameworks: Can we reintroduce relational strategies and implicit representational systems to the study of psychopathology?

In the context of current studies of parental depression, methodological and conceptual issues related to the study of relational behavior are highlighted in this commentary. These issues include the need to develop measures of relational behavior that are well-validated in high-risk samples, the need for methods that describe a variety of individual relational patterns rather than focusing primarily on sigle linear dimensions of behavior, and the need to consider the implicit meaning systems that guide behavior in close realtionships. It is suggested that a relational systems perspective might provide a more comprehensive framework for undrstanding the results of accumulated reseach in this area than a simpler mood-disorder model
Re-Entry Vehicle Base Pressure and Heat-Transfer Measurements at Mm = 18

Nomenclature h — static enthalpy H =• total enthalpy M = Mach number Nu — Nusselt number p — static pressure Pr = Prandtl number q = heat flux r — base coordinate measured from base outer edge R = base coordinate measured from base centerline RB, RN = base and nose radius, respectively RK/RB — bluntness ratio Re = Reynolds number St — Stanton number V = velocity y = ratio of specific heats 6C = cone half-angle p = static density
Natural Convection From a Buried Pipe With a Superimposed Fluid Layer

Heat transfer induced by buoyancy from a pipe buried in a semi-infinite porous medium with a superimposed fluid layer has been numerically examined in this study. Due to the complexity involved, finite difference method along with body-fitted coordinate systems has been employed. The Brinkman-extended Darcy equations are used to model flow in the porous medium while Navier-Stokes equations are used for the fluid layer. The conditions applied at the interface between the fluid and porous layers are the continuity of temperature, heat flux, normal and tangential velocity, shear stress and pressure. A parametric study has been performed to investigate the effects of Rayleigh number, Prandtl number, Darcy number, and fluid layer thickness on the flow patterns and heat transfer rates. The results show that heat transfer increases with the Rayleigh number, but the convective strength decreases with the Darcy number. The heat transfer rate is smaller when the superimposed fluid is air instead of water. For a porous layer with Da ≤ 0.0005 and an overlaying fluid layer thickness of L/ri ≥ 1, convection is initiated in the fluid layer and it may develop into multiple recirculating cells at a moderate Rayleigh number (i.e., Ra ≤ 104 ), and may further develop into a single cell at a higher Rayleigh number of 105 .Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Ordering of taboo adjectives

The productivity of an adjective ordering rule based on definiteness of denotation was assessed by comparing preferred orderings of taboo and nontaboo adjectives in noun phrases. Taboo adjectives were just as stable as nontaboo adjectives in their preferred position in adjective ordering. When given instructions to interpret the taboo adjectives denotatively, subjects preferred them closer to the noun than when the adjectives were interpreted connotatively, the latter being the typical interpretation given no instructions. Results support the notion that a functional determinant of adjective ordering is the definiteness of denotation.
POLITICS AND EXTINCTION ON A HAWAIIAN ISLAND: RESPONSE TO CONANT AND LEONARD

Department of Journalism and Media Studies, University of South Florida St. Petersburg, 140 7th Avenue S., FCT204, St. Petersburg, FL 33701-5016 hour.” this was my second interview with him, not my first. (the first had occurred earlier over the telephone. this one, not the later one, lasted about an hour.) Despite the limited usefulness of these two exchanges, I made a number of unsuccessful attempts over several years to set up additional interviews. the reviewers also claim that “by devoting an entire chapter to this topic, Walters suggests that disturbance by researchers contributed to the species’ decline more than other causes. this is completely disingenuous.” the reviewers’ misjudgment of my motive is evinced by the simple fact that I also devote a chapter (11) to the topic of ranching and devote more-or-less three full chapters (21, 22, and 23) to the deaths of released birds, which are other possible contributing factors to the ‘alalā’s decline. Given that I devote several chapters to other possible causes, the reviewers’ judgment that I was being “completely disingenuous” to have included one about possible researcher interference is unwarranted. In the book I state, “rare, glamorous, and still mysterious, with little having been published on its biology or behavior, by the late 1970s, the ‘alalā had become a golden topic for academic research. the bird’s continuing descent toward extinction only increased its allure” (Walters 2006:127). the reviewers attempt to refute this statement by claiming, “If this was a true statement, Hawai‘i should be swarming with ornithologists (and funding).” But this is a logical fallacy. Conant and Leonard’s claim would be true only if the ‘alalā were the same as the other endangered species to which they refer. It is not. (a comparable syllogism illustrates the flawed reasoning: “the low branches help to make the cherry tree fun to climb. But holly trees have low branches, and they aren’t fun to climb. therefore, cherry trees can’t be fun to climb either.”) Like the cherry tree, the ‘alalā has many special attributes in addition to its increasing rarity, glamour, and mystery that helped to increase the bird’s allure. The Condor 110(4):806–807  the Cooper Ornithological Society 2008
Purification and properties of emodin deoxygenase from Pyrenochaeta terrestris

Abstract Emodin deoxygenase, which catalyses the reduction of emodin to chrysophanol, was purified 17-fold from crude extracts of Pyrenochaeta terrestris . The M r of the enzyme was 103 000. Upward curvature was exhibited by the plot of rate vs concentration of the crude extract. The protein fraction obtained from gel filtration with Sephadex G-75 was activated by ATP plus a low M r fraction; ATP alone or low M r fraction alone did not increase its activity. The K m for NADPH of the crude extract was 3 μM, that after NADPH gel filtration of the crude extract was 1.5 mM. It is proposed that ATP plus an unidentified factor increase emodin deoxygenase activity by lowering the K m for NADPH. Iron II, which increased activity of the crude extract, inhibited activity of the partially purified enzyme by 95%. Sulphydryl reagents inhibited activity by 90%. Partially purified emodin deoxygenase activity was low in the absence of mercaptans and was increased eight-fold by the addition of dithiothreitol. It is proposed that a pair of thiol groups is required for activity and that they occur in the disulphide form in the absence of mercaptans.
Asbestos Exposures of Mechanics Performing Clutch Service on Motor Vehicles

A study was conducted to assess historical asbestos exposures of mechanics performing clutch service on motor vehicles. For most of the 20th century, friction components used in brakes and manual transmission clutches contained approximately 25–60% chrysotile asbestos. Since the late 1960s, asbestos exposure assessment studies conducted on mechanics performing brake service have frequently reported levels below the current OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 0.1 fiber/cc (flcc). Although there is a robust asbestos exposure data set for mechanics performing brake service, there are almost no data for mechanics removing and replacing clutches in manual transmission vehicles. Personal and area airborne asbestos samples were collected during the removal of asbestos-containing clutches from 15 manual transmissions obtained from salvage facilities by an experienced mechanic. Clutch plates and debris were analyzed for asbestos using EPA and ISO published analytical methods. More than 100 personal and area a...
Frequency Dependent Diameters and Atmospheric Structure of Late-Type Supergiants

A method is suggested for using the measured frequency dependent diameters to test the atmospheric structure of late-type supergiants. The efficiency of the methodvis-a-vis limb-darkening measurements is discussed.
Patterns of cortical neurogenesis

Abstract During cortical development, cell diversity is generated through two classes of divisions. Symmetric divisions produce two daughter cells that are similar, while asymmetric divisions produce daughter cells that are dissimilar. Radial glial cells, long thought to serve as a simple scaffold to support neuronal migration, are now known to be neuronal progenitor cells. Recent data show that radial glial cells generate neurons directly through asymmetric cell division or indirectly by first generating an intermediate progenitor cell (transit amplifying cell) that then divides symmetrically to produce two daughter neurons. The relationship between these division modes is critical for generating neurons in appropriate numbers and assigning them to the correct cortical layers. Additionally, the two division modes occur in different proliferative zones in the embryonic forebrain, suggesting that regulation of division mode may not be cell-autonomous.
Oceanography: The Past: Oceanography: The Present and Future

Oceanography is a young science, close to its historical roots, but it's maturing fast as “state-of-the-art” technology and computer-aided numerical modeling play an increasing role. Our ability to obtain, process, and analyze enormous volumes of data would stun an oceanographer of the 1930's. (I hope he would be equally impressed by the quality of modern data.) The Third International Congress on the History of Oceanography and the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) were both held in September 1980 at WHOI; and both events were taken as an opportunity to improve our understanding of the past and present of oceanography, and future of the ocean sciences with the thought that we could thereby better influence future trends.
Measurement of surface tension of organic liquid pairs

Surface tension measurements were made for several organic solutions with limited mutual solubilities by the pendant drop method. Both liquid-air and liquid-liquid surface tension values are reported. For those liquids where previous measurements have been made by other techniques, comparisons are given and discussed. In addition, simple models which have been used to relate the liquid-air surface tensions to the liquid-liquid surface tensions are employed to analyze the results.
Studies of sarcoplasmic reticulum function and contraction duration in young adult and aged rat myocardium.

Abstract Kinetic measurements of Ca+2 uptake in microsomal fractions from rat myocardium demonstrated significantly lower rates of oxalate-facilitated accumulation in preparations from aged (24 to 25 month) hearts as compared to those from young adult (6 to 8 month) hearts. The per cent decline in transport activity in microsomes from aged hearts varied with Ca2+ concentration decreasing from 57% at 0.33 μ m Ca2+ to 24% at 1.21 μ m Ca2+. Double-reciprocal plots of the dependence of the velocity of accumulation on Ca2+ concentration showed upward curvature in both age groups indicating the presence of multiple Ca2+ binding sites. Mechanical studies using muscles isolated from the same hearts used to prepare sarcoplasmic reticulum demonstrated prolonged contraction duration in aged myocardium in agreement with previous findings. The lower in vitro rates of Ca2+ accumulation in aged microsomes suggest a possible biochemical mechanism to account for the observed increase in the time-course of cardiac relaxation.
Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and cellular immunity in the Lewis rat.

Abstract The encephalitogenic difference between purified guinea pig and bovine myelin proteins in the Lewis rat is reflected by the two molecules' lack of crossreactivity in the migration inhibition test. Peritoneal exudate cells from rats injected with guinea pig or bovine derived myelin basic protein in Freund's complete adjuvant demonstrate substantial migration inhibition to the sensitizing antigen but little inhibition when cultured in the presence of the other basic protein. The cellular reactivity to guinea pig basic protein is present throughout the induction phase of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis and persists after the recovery of the rats from the paralytic state. Substantial cellular reactivity is also demonstrated to bovine basic protein even though this molecule shows minimal encephalitogenic activity in the Lewis rat. Minimal lymphocyte transformation could be demonstrated to either of the basic proteins, although the immune cells react strongly to the plant mitogen phytohemagglutinin and to a Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen.
The distribution of trace water around brine leaks in the avery island salt mine: Implications for the natural migration of water in salt

Abstract The natural distribution of water in the Avery Island domal salt has been investigated by performing trace water content analysis on 64 samples collected systematically at the 210 and 270 meter levels of the International Salt Compan mine. Specific attention was given to salt near an internal shear zone which is the apparent source of several mine leaks. No discernible migration of brine into the adjacent salt was observed from the meteoric leak at the 210 m level. Extensive water enrichment (>1000 mg/kg) was limited to 30 meters from the formation water leak at the 270 m level. The water contents of coexisting samples near the formation water leak are highly variable. If water is moving from; this leak into the adjacent normal salt it is not doing so by way of a uniform diffusion process. Petrographic examination of polished salt samples reveals that fluid inclusions occur mainly in healed fractures. The water content of a sample depends on the density of such fractures. Natural movement of water in the salt appears to occur mainly through microfractures and possibly along crystal boundaries rather than by the diffusion of brine through crystals. One possible zone of enhanced water content may occur along a possible bedding plane which intersects a mine leak. This suggests that any natural movement of fluid not associated with fractured salt may occur preferentially along bedding planes. The method of brine migration under natural conditions, the occurrence of fluid inclusions (i.e., fracture vs. nonfracture-fill inclusions), and the water content of salt will be helpful in evaluating the migration of brine in response to the thermal and/or pressure gradient which will be created by the emplacement of radioactive waste.
NSF's approach to misconduct in science.

At the National Science Foundation (NSF), the investigation of allegations of misconduct in science is the responsibility of the Office of Inspector General (OIG). NSF's procedures distinguish between the preliminary inquiry and the formal investigation. They also distinguish these stages from the adjudication stage, which is the responsibility of the Office of the Director of NSF rather than of OIG. If an investigation seems warranted, OIG usually asks the university that employs the accused person to perform it, after which OIG reviews the university's investigation report. NSF in effect is asking universities to move from an informal to a formal method of dealing with misconduct in science allegations. This transition is not yet complete. Universities encounter many difficulties in investigating misconduct allegations, in particular when they try to assess an individual's intent. About half of the allegations NSF receives have to do with intellectual property violations, and most of the findings of mis...
Possio Integral Equation of Aeroelasticity Theory

This paper presents a new abstract function space formulation of the subsonic small disturbance potential field equations of aeroelasticity and an operator theoretic treatment of the Possio integral equation in the generality of the Laplace transform variable λ. A key result is the new form of the kernel—which is shown to be analytic in the whole plane, excepting the negative real axis—using an existence and uniqueness theorem is proved valid for small |λ|. The main new feature is the use of spatial Lp-Lq Fourier transforms for 1<p<2 and Mikhlin multiplier theory.
Differential ability of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and N3im-methyl-thyrotropin-releasing hormone to affect prolactin and thyrotropin production in primary rat pituitary cell cultures.

The effects of TRH and a methylated analog [pyroglutamyl-N3im-methyl-histidyl-proline-amide (MeTRH)] on the release of PRL and TSH were studied in dispersed primary cell cultures of rat pituitary glands. Both short term effects (occurring within 2–6 h) and long term effects (occurring within 3 days) were examined. Dose-response curves for TRH and MeTRH were indistinguishable for the short term release of PRL, with half-maximal values ranging from 2–5 nm for both compounds in different experiments. However, MeTRH was more active than TRH in releasing TSH; MeTRH released TSH with a half-maximal concentration of < 0.5 nm, whereas with TRH, half-maximal stimulation occurred at 3 nm. In long term studies, TRH increased both TSH and PRL accumulation in the medium, with half-maximal activity at 5 nm. Under these conditions, MeTRH was more active with both hormones; a halfmaximal TSH increase occurred at 0.4 nm, and a half-maximal PRL increase occurred at about 0.8 nm. Incubation with TRH for 3 days increased [3H...
On the connection between the LSZ and Wightman quantum field theory

The LSZ asymptotic condition and the Yang-Feldman equations are derived in a Wightman quantum field theory on a dense set of scattering states. The Green's distributions are shown to be sufficiently regular around the energy shell to give well-defined reduction formulae for the scattering amplitudes.
Algebraic cycles on real varieties and z/2-equivariant homotopy theory

In this paper the spaces of algebraic cycles on a real projective variety X are studied as Z/2-spaces under the action of the Galois group Gal(C/R). In particular, the equivariant homotopy type of the group of algebraic p-cycles Zp(PC) is computed. A version of Lawson homology for real varieties is proposed. The real Lawson homology groups are computed for a class of real varieties.
Structural evolution and stability studies of heterostructures comprised of carbon nanotubes decorated with nickel/nickel oxide core/shell nanoparticles

Abstract The single-step synthesis of heterostructures, denoted as CNC heterostructures, comprised of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) decorated with nickel (Ni)/nickel oxide (NiO) core/shell nanoparticles through a direct nucleation approach is reported. This approach allowed for a single-parameter and well-controlled structural evolution of Ni/NiO core/shell nanoparticles on CNTs. It was possible to control the size (∼12–52 nm), shape, spatial density, and chemical composition of nanoparticles formed on CNTs by changing the nanoparticle growth time (15 min to 15 h). It was observed that growth time of 15 h led to the reaction between phosphine-based stabilizers and Ni core forming solid and hollow Ni12P5 nanoparticles directly on CNTs. Thermal stability of CNC heterostructures (in N2-rich atmosphere) dispersed on a silicon wafer as well as subsequent surface migration of nanoparticles were studied by annealing heterostructures at different temperatures (125–750 °C). In comparison to as-produced CNTs, the surface characteristics, oxidative resistance or thermal stability, and changes in heterostructure compositions were studied using electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The heterostructures showed greater oxidative resistance as compared to as-produced CNTs.
Maternal separation affects infant rats' behavior.

Eighteen hour separations of 2 wk old Wistar rat pups from their mothers were found to increase levels of activity, elimination and self-grooming in a novel environment and to delay sleep onset. A control group supplied with nonlactating foster mothers suggested that whereas the sleep onset changes could have a nutritional mechanism, the waking behavioral effects of separation probably depended on deprivation of behavioral interaction with the mother.
Anomalous shifts of blue and yellow luminescence bands in MBE-grown ZnO films

We observed strong shifts of the blue and yellow luminescence bands with variation of excitation intensity in ZnO films grown on sapphire by MBE using hydrogen peroxide as a source of reactive oxygen. The blue band, having a maximum in the range from 2.85 to 3.15 eV in different samples and different excitation intensities at 10 K, is attributed to diagonal transitions from the conduction band (or shallow donors) to the valence band in realm of potential fluctuations caused by random distribution of charged point defects in a compensated semiconductor. The yellow band is related to an unidentified deep acceptor.
EXTENSIONS OF GRIFFIN'S STATISTICAL MODEL FOR MEDIUM-ENERGY NUCLEAR REACTIONS.

The new statistical model due to Griffin has been extended to include charged-particle emission by evaluation of the transition matrix in terms of a relative velocity and scattering cross section. Additionally a quite different formulation is derived for the equilibrium emission probability, whereas the precompound emission probability is similar to Griffin's result.
Gender- and Age-Related Differences in the Association Between Social Relationship Quality and Trait Levels of Salivary Cortisol

The majority of studies linking individual differences in the quality of social relationships and activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis have focused on the early development of attachment between infants and their caregivers. Later in development, during middle childhood and adolescence, the parallel HPA links to age-appropriate social relationships with peers, parents, and siblings remain largely unspecified. This study addressed this knowledge gap. Early morning saliva samples were obtained from 367 children in middle childhood (ages 6–10) and 357 adolescents (M age=11–16 years) on two successive days 1 year apart and assayed for cortisol. Latent state–trait modeling was employed to separate variance in cortisol levels attributable to “stable trait-like” versus “state or situational specific” sources to minimize the high moment-to-moment variation in basal adrenocortical activity. During adolescence but not middle childhood, and for girls but not boys, lower levels of “trait cortisol” were associated with poor quality social relationships. The pattern was robust, extending to the quality of relationships with parents, siblings, and peers. Importantly, the relationship was independent of the rates of internalizing or externalizing problem behavior. We found that isolating the variance in cortisol levels attributable to stable intrinsic sources revealed an interpretable pattern that linked individual differences in basal HPA activity to social relationships during adolescence. Studies are needed to reveal the biosocial mechanisms involved in the establishment of this gender- and age-specific phenomenon and to decipher whether or not individual differences in this hormone-behavior link are adaptive.