cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modified αA Crystallin in the Retina: Altered Expression and Truncation with Aging†

Crystallins are small heat shock proteins with chaperone function that prevent heat- and oxidative stress-induced aggregation of proteins. This is the first report describing modifications of alphaA crystallin in the sensory retina, including altered content and truncation with aging. Proteins from adult, middle age, and old Fischer 344 Brown Norway rats were compared. Western immunoblotting was used to evaluate alphaA crystallin content and identify protein spots on two-dimensional gels containing alphaA crystallin. The type and site of multiple post-translational modifications were identified by mass spectrometry. We found the content of alphaA crystallin was significantly decreased in the oldest rats. On two-dimensional gels, retinal crystallins resolved into multiple spots with altered migration, indicative of changes in intrinsic charge and/or truncation. Post-translational modifications that were identified included oxidation, phosphorylation, deamidation, acetylation, and truncation. In samples from rats of all ages, a highly modified N-terminus containing these modifications was found. We also observed an age-dependent difference in the extent of N- and C-terminal truncation. These results suggest that protection against stress-induced protein aggregation is compromised in the aged retina.
Vibrational frequencies and structural determination of tetrachlorodiphosphine

Abstract The normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of tetrachlorodiphosphine in C2h symmetry are examined theoretically using the gaussian 98 set of quantum chemistry codes. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of six types of motion (P–Cl stretch, P–P stretch, PCl2 scissors, PCl2 twist, PCl2 wag, and PCl2 rock) predicted by a group theoretical analysis. By comparing the vibrational frequencies with IR and Raman spectra available in the literature, a set of scaling factors is derived. Theoretical IR and Raman intensities are reported.
Vitreous Fluorophotometry in Patients With Hypertension

• Vitreous fluorophotometry performed on 22 patients with moderate to severe hypertension showed that patients with active retinopathy, as manifested by retinal hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, retinal exudates and edema, or disc edema, generally had elevated values (20/28 eyes). Control of the BP resulted in a decrease in the values toward the normal range. Patients with only arteriolar sclerosis, even some with particularly high BP, generally had normal fluorophotometric values (14/16 eyes). The two exceptions showed minimal elevations. Vitreous fluorophotometry is a useful tool to quantitate the blood-retinal barrier in patients with moderate to severe hypertension and may be a sensitive indicator of treatment efficacy.
Enhancing the Perceived Threat of Vehicle Approach to Deer

Abstract In North America and Europe, deer (Cervidae)–vehicle collisions (DVCs) are common and result not only in injury and death to the animals involved, but also human injury and property damage. Given that most DVCs occur during crepuscular periods, we questioned whether the perceived threat to deer posed by vehicle approach could be enhanced. We hypothesized that a vehicle-based lighting system that better complements peak visual capabilities of deer at night relative to standard tungsten-halogen (TH) lighting alone would elicit a greater flight-initiation distance (FID) by free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Our lighting system comprised 2 TH lamps and one Xenarc high-intensity discharge (HID) lamp. We defined an a priori logistic model comprising 4 variables potentially explaining deer FID relative to vehicle approach: 1) starting distance of the approach, 2) lighting treatment, 3) season, and 4) deer group size. Deer exposed to the combination of TH lamps and constant illumina...
Submicron aerosol size distributions measured over the tropical and South Pacific

Abstract Size distributions of aerosol particles in the radius range of 0.006–0.53 μm were measured over the Pacific Ocean along the 150° longitude from about 20°N to 55°S. Throughout the tropical trade wind region, the size distribution of fine particles was relatively stable and exhibited a double-peaked characteristic with one peak at about 0.1 μm and the other in the 0.02–0.04 μm region, separated by a minimum at about 0.06 μm. The total concentrations of particles were in the 150–300 cm −3 range with 60–150 cm −3 residing in the accumulation mode (0.06 r μ m). South of the trade wind region, the measured size distributions and meteorological conditions were more diverse. Periods with very low concentrations in the accumulation mode were associated with regions of large-scale precipitation. Large increases in the number of nucleation mode particles were found in air masses with low concentrations of particles in the accumulation mode.
CT colonography screening: ready for prime time?

Every year more than one million new patients are diagnosed with colon cancer worldwide. Although multiple prospective randomized trials and observational studies have demonstrated that mortality from colon cancer can be reduced with screening and removal of adenomatous polyps, compliance with screening guidelines remains low. Recent CT colonography (CTC) trials have shown that CTC is capable of demonstrating adenomatous polyps ≥10 mm (and in most cases ≥6 mm) with sensitivities comparable to those for optical colonoscopy. Based on these results, at least two expert panels have recommended CTC as an option for colorectal cancer screening. Despite these endorsements, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) in the United States recently decided to deny coverage of CTC for colorectal cancer screening. This article addresses the reservations raised by CMS and provides a perspective on whether CTC is ready for routine use as a colorectal cancer screening test.
The Spawning Migration of Rainbow Trout at Skaneateles Lake, New York

Abstract At Skaneateles Lake, New York, the main body of migrating rainbow trout entered Grout Brook, a tributary stream, in April, 1941, at high water when the maximum temperature entered an observed range of 42° to 55° F. The attendant increased flow of water which resulted from rain and melting snow might have affected the migration. Thunderstorms seemed to have a depressing effect upon the numbers of fish entering the counting trap. The migration was of uniform intensity during any period of the day or night.
Design space exploration for low-power reconfigurable fabrics

This paper presents a parameterizable, coarse grained, reconfigurable fabric model that attempts to maintain field programmable gate array (FPGA)-like programmability and computer aided design (CAD), with application specific integrated circuit (ASIC)-like power characteristics for digital signal processing (DSP) style applications. Using this model, architectural design space decisions are explored in order to define an energy-efficient fabric. The impact on energy and performance due to the variation of different parameters such as data width and interconnection flexibility has been studied. The multiplexer cardinality usage has also been studied by mapping some of the signal processing applications onto the fabric. The results point to the use of power optimized 32-bit width computational elements interconnected by low cardinality multiplexers like 4:1 multiplexers.
Impact of Pavement Monitoring Frequency on Pavement Management System Decisions

Pavement performance monitoring is an essential part of a pavement management system (PMS). Therefore, highway agencies collect pavement condition data containing various structural and functional distresses on a regular basis. How frequently pavement condition data are collected varies. The effect of pavement monitoring frequency on pavement performance prediction and its consequence at network-level PMS decisions were explored. A statistical methodology was developed to investigate the impact of monitoring frequency on performance prediction with different model forms. The results of the analyses showed that performance predictions were affected by monitoring interval. Furthermore, the various types of distress to be collected might need different monitoring intervals because of their unique growth over time and associated uncertainty in prediction. When cost consequences and prediction uncertainties were combined, monitoring of cracking (image based) at 1-year intervals appeared to be more appropriate,...
Suppression of spontaneous melanoma metastasis in scid mice with an antibody to the epidermal growth factor receptor.

The human melanoma cell line M24met metastasizes spontaneously from s.c. tumors to multiple distant sites in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. Metastasis to lymph nodes and lungs is found in 100% of the animals. M24met has an undifferentiated phenotype and extra copies of the short arm of chromosome 7. This cell line expresses the epidermal growth factor receptor, and 425.3, a monoclonal antibody to the epidermal growth factor receptor, binds to 291,000 receptor molecules per M24met cell with a KD of 2.3 x 10(-10) M. This antibody has no effect on the proliferation of M24met cells under tissue culture conditions and does not mediate effector cell or complement-dependent cytotoxicity of these cells in vitro. However, treatment of established s.c. M24met tumors in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency with monoclonal antibody 425.3 specifically suppresses spontaneous metastasis of these tumors. Total doses of 4, 2, and 1 mg antibody per mouse decrease the number and size of melanoma metastases and prolong the life span of treated animals. Treatment with 4 mg of the F(ab')2 fragment of monoclonal antibody 425.3 does not influence M24met melanoma metastasis, implying a significant contribution of the Fc portion to the antimetastatic effect of this antibody.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy after a quarter century: why do we still convert?

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard procedure for gallbladder removal. However, conversion to open surgery is sometimes needed. The factors underlying a surgeon’s decision to convert a laparoscopic case to an open case are complex and poorly understood. With decreasing experience in open cholecystectomy, this procedure is however no longer the “safe” alternative it once was. With such an impending paradigm shift, this study aimed to identify the main reasons for conversion and ultimately to develop guidelines to help reduce the conversion rates. Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database and financial records, the authors retrospectively reviewed 1,193 cholecystectomies performed at their institution from 2002 to 2009 and identified 70 conversions. Two independent surgeons reviewed the operative notes and determined the reasons for conversion. The number of ports at the time and the extent of dissection before conversion were assessed and used to create new conversion categories. Hospital length of stay (LOS), 30-day complications, operative times and charges, and hospital charges were compared between the new groups. In 91% of conversion cases, the conversion was elective. In 49% of these conversions, the number of ports was fewer than four. According to the new conversion categories, most conversions were performed after minimal or no attempt at dissection. There were no differences in LOS, complications, operating room charges, or hospital charges between categories. Of the six emergent conversions (9%), bleeding and concern about common bile duct (CBD) injury were the main reasons. One CBD injury occurred. In 49% of the cases, conversion was performed without a genuine attempt at laparoscopic dissection. Considering this new insight into the circumstances of conversion, the authors recommend that surgeons make a genuine effort at a laparoscopic approach, as reflected by placing four ports and trying to elevate the gallbladder before converting a case to an open approach.
Autonomous Helicopter Flight via Reinforcement Learning

Autonomous helicopter flight represents a challenging control problem, with complex, noisy, dynamics. In this paper, we describe a successful application of reinforcement learning to autonomous helicopter flight. We first fit a stochastic, nonlinear model of the helicopter dynamics. We then use the model to learn to hover in place, and to fly a number of maneuvers taken from an RC helicopter competition.
Communication between continuing care organizations

Communication between health care providing organizations is fundamental to discharge planning and continuity of care, but has been reported to be inadequate. Using a classic communication model, the content of communication between hospitals and home health agencies was examined in 300 closed home care records and compared to referral content desired by practitioners. Discharge planners sent about half of the referral information recommended by the literature. Referrals consisted primarily of background data, some medical data, even less nursing care data, and almost no psychosocial data. No referral form was used by the hospital in over one third of the cases. Discrepancies existed between what client care data practitioners identified as important or desirable and the data they actually received. As responsibility for providing health care is decentralized and shared by multiple organizations, communication between providers will play a greater role in ensuring continuity of care. The findings suggest that adoption of standardized, written referral forms might facilitate clear and complete communication. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A one-hybrid system for detecting RNA-protein interactions.

Background : mRNA translation, stability, and localization are controlled by regulatory proteins that bind to specific RNA motifs. Since biochemical isolation of such proteins has often proven to be difficult, a genetic system for studying RNA–protein interactions would be of great utility in the identification of novel RNA binding proteins and in understanding how these proteins recognize particular RNA sequences. The bacteriophage lambda gene product N protein is a sequence specific RNA binding protein that when bound to its target sequence allows RNA polymerase to ignore transcription termination signals. The fact that the binding of N protein to RNA is directly coupled to gene expression suggests that N protein could be used to develop a general system for studying RNA–protein interactions. Results : Our results show that fusion of the RNA binding protein, R17, to N causes antitermination in a β-galactosidase reporter construct that has the R17 binding site substituted for the normal N target sequence. This system can both detect low affinity interactions as well as discriminate between binding events with equilibrium dissociation constants from 10−5 to 10−8 m. The differences in antitermination activity with various mutant binding sites can be reliably detected by colony colour on X-Gal plates as well as by liquid culture assay. Conclusions: We have demonstrated that N protein can cause antitermination through a heterologous RNA–protein interaction and that the system is capable of detecting RNA–protein interactions of differing affinities. This approach may also be useful in screening libraries for proteins that bind to novel RNA regulatory elements. Our results are also consistent with a model of N protein function in which binding to the nascent transcript increases the effective concentration of N in the vicinity of RNA polymerase leading to antitermination.
Systemic infection and brain injury in the preterm infant.

31. Kedda MA, Duffy DL, Bradley B, O'Hehir RE, Thompson PJ.ADAM33 haplotypes are associated with asthma in a largeAustralian population. Eur J Hum Genet. 2006;14:1027-36.32. Foley SC, Mogas AK, Olivenstein R, Fiset PO, Chakir J,Bourbeau J, et al. Increased expression of ADAM33 and ADAM8with disease progression in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol.2007;119:863-71.33. Raby BA, Silverman EK, Kwiatkowski DJ, Lange C, Lazarus R,Weiss ST.ADAM33polymorphismsandphenotypeassociationsinchildhoodasthma.JAllergyClinImmunol.2004;113:1071-8.34. Chen C, Huang X, Sheppard D. ADAM33 is not essential forgrowthanddevelopmentanddoesnotmodulateallergicasthmain mice. Mol Cell Biol. 2006;26:6950-6.35. Schedel M, Depner M, Schoen C, Weiland SK, Vogelberg C,Niggemann B, et al. The role of polymorphisms in ADAM33, adisintegrinandmetalloprotease33,inchildhoodasthmaandlungfunction in two German populations. Respir Res. 2006;7:91.
Oncology pharmacy practice as a model for international collaborations.

I was quite excited when I received the call from Dr. Henri Manasse informing me that I would be receiving the 2011 Donald E. Francke Medal. I looked over the list of previous, very well-known and accomplished recipients, and the excitement was somewhat replaced by a cloud of humbleness. I was also
TUNEL analyses of bovine blastocysts after culture with EGF and IGF-I.

Experiments were carried out to investigate the beneficial effects of IGF-I or EGF on bovine embryo development in chemically defined embryo culture media and resultant incidences of nuclear DNA fragmentation as an indication of embryo quality. Presumptive IVF zygotes were randomly cultured in either control (with no added growth factor) or treatment groups, i.e., with 50 ng/ml IGF-I (experiment 1) or 5 ng/ml EGF (experiment 2). IGF-I supplemented to culture media significantly improved proportions of blastocysts from oocytes inseminated compared to untreated controls (38.0% vs. 28.5%). Only embryos reaching the blastocyst stage on day 8 showed significant effects of IGF-I treatment by resulting in higher blastocyst cell numbers (162 vs. 141) and lower percentages of TUNEL positive nuclei (2.1% vs. 3.3%) when compared to controls. Blastocyst development from oocytes was also improved by EGF supplementation compared to untreated controls (38.5% vs. 30.7%). Cell numbers of either day 7 or day 8 blastocysts were not affected by EGF treatment, nor were percentages of TUNEL positive nuclei when compared with controls. Similar proportions of parthenogenetically activated oocytes developed to blastocysts as for inseminated oocytes (28.8%). Parthenogenetic blastocysts contained fewer cells (93) and an increased percentage of TUNEL positive nuclei (5.7%) than were found for IVF embryos.
Self-maintenance scheduling algorithms for next generation wireless networks

In this research, we study the self-maintenance scheduling problem in next generation wireless networks, with the consideration of resource maintenance constraints and resource conflicting constraints. We propose a linear programming (ILP) model and two heuristic algorithms, and evaluate their effectiveness and time complexity via analysis and simulations. Our results show that all of the proposed approaches can effectively schedule the requests within a reasonable period of time, but with different suitable scenarios. The ILP approach is effective when the number of requests is large and yields close-to-optimal results; the RC-Cliques-RM algorithm is suitable at the presence of many constraints; while the RC-RM-Cliques algorithm can scale to large size networks at the expense of reduced accuracy. It is anticipated that the proposed scheduling algorithms will be generally applicable to various mobile wireless networks where self-maintenance is needed.
Regioselective β-pyrrolic electrophilic substitution of hydrodipyrrin–dialkylboron complexes facilitates access to synthetic models for chlorophyll f

Substituents in ring A of chlorophylls can exert profound effects on spectral properties. A de novo route to synthetic chlorins employs a tetrahydrodipyrrin reactant containing pyrrole and pyrroline rings. Complexation of the tetrahydrodipyrrin with a dialkylboron motif caused electrophilic substitution (bromination, formylation) to proceed predominantly at the β7- rather than α-position of the pyrrole ring, whereas an analogous dihydrodipyrrin underwent substitution equally at the 7- and 8-positions. The fully unsaturated dipyrrin–difluoroboron complex is known to undergo electrophilic substitution at the 8-position. The 7-position of the hydrodipyrrin ultimately gives rise to substituents at the chlorin 2-position (ring A), which heretofore has been little accessed. The position of substitution was confirmed by four single-crystal X-ray structures. Two isomeric formylchlorins were prepared by Pd-mediated carbonylation of the corresponding bromochlorins. Access to a 2-formylchlorin relied on bromination of the tetrahydrodipyrrin–dibutylboron complex, whereas a 3-formylchlorin was prepared by installation of the bromo group in the earliest precursor, pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde. The two formylchlorins differ in absorption spectral properties: the Qy absorption maximum is 654 or 664 nm for the 2- or 3-formylchlorin, respectively. The synthetic formylchlorins provide initial models for understanding the strong red absorption of native 2- or 3-formylchlorophylls (f and d).
A Robust Method of Localization and Mapping Using Only Range

In this paper we present results in mobile robot localization and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) using range from radio. In previous work we have shown how range readings from radio tags placed in the environment can be used to localize a robot and map tag locations using a standard Cartesian extended Kalman filter (EKF) that linearizes the probability distribution due to range measurements based on prior estimates. Our experience with this method was that the filter could perform poorly and even diverge in cases of missing data and poor initialization. Here we present a new formulation that utilizes a polar parameterization to gain robustness without sacrificing accuracy. Specifically, our method is shown to have significantly better performance with poor and even no initialization, infrequent measurements, and incorrect data association. We present results from a mobile robot equipped with high accuracy ground truth, operating over several kilometers.
Central Nervous System Neoplasia: Evidence-Based Medicine, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Complications

This chapter is a practical summary of the best available evidence for the comprehensive management of CNS tumors. In the USA, an estimated 40,000 new cases of primary CNS tumors, both benign and malignant, are diagnosed in adults annually. Overarching goals of treatment include the minimization of the known risks and symptoms of tumor with simultaneous minimization of the potential risks and symptoms of treatment. Determination of treatment remains highly individualized, influenced by evolving radiographic and clinical response criteria, challenges to the comparison of treatments, as well as patient-, provider-, and tumor-specific factors. Interdisciplinary teams are best suited to balance these influences and provide optimal care. This chapter is a practical summary of the best available evidence for the comprehensive management of CNS tumors.
The kinetics and mechanism of oxygen uptake on a polycrystalline iron surface

Abstract The initial uptake of oxygen has been studied on a clean, polycrystalline iron surface over the temperature range between 360 and 575 K, using a combination of Auger electron spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. An initial chemisorption period is followed in turn by a temperature dependent linear oxidation regime and a final period of decreasing oxidation rate. Chemisorption kinetics can be explained by an intrinsic molecular precursor mechanism. The linear oxidation period involves uptake into the near-surface bulk by a non-activated place-exchange mechanism.
Justice at Work, Job Stress, and Employee Health

A small but growing literature has documented an association between justice at work and employee health. However, the pathways and mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. This article proposes a conceptual framework that bridges the organizational justice, occupational stress, and occupational epidemiology literatures. Justice appraisals are proposed to be both important mediators and moderators in the causal flow from exposure to the organizational environment to employee health. The potential role of justice in enhancing employee health is compared to that of the well-established concepts of social support and job control. Directions for future research are suggested, along with strategies for overcoming challenges inherent in this multidisciplinary area of research. Implications for work-site health interventions are discussed.
Comment: Childhood maltreatment and headache disorders.

Migraine has long been described as comorbid with depression and anxiety. A growing body of literature now also supports that migraine is associated with trauma and stress-related disorders.1
Water Density in the Electric Double Layer at the Insulator/Electrolyte Solution Interface

I studied the spatial structure of the thick transition region between n-hexane and a colloidal solution of 7-nm silica particles by X-ray reflectivity and grazing incidence small-angle scattering. The interfacial structure is discussed in terms of a semiquantitative interface model wherein the potential gradient at the n-hexane/sol interface reflects the difference in the potentials of 'image forces' between the cationic Na{sup +} and anions (nanoparticles) and the specific adsorption of surface charge at the interface between the adsorbed layer and the solution, as well as at the interface between the adsorbed layer and n-hexane. The X-ray scattering data revealed that the average density of water in the field {approx}10{sup 9}-10{sup 10} V/m of the electrical double layer at the hexane/silica sol interface is the same as, or only few percent higher (1-7%) than, its density under normal conditions.
A robust PLL for grid interactive voltage source converters

Phase locked loop (PLL) is an important part of the current-controlled grid-connected converter. Its job is to estimate the phase angle of the grid voltage. If the PLL is not robust, the grid-voltage distortion will lead to an error in the estimated phase leading to a degradable performance of the converter. In this paper, the effect of the PLL on the operation of a current-controlled voltage-source converter is examined. A PLL synthesis is proposed, to track the phase angle of the distorted grid voltage, and compared with a previously investigated PLL. The result found is that the proposed synthesis of the PLL is superior in case of grid voltage harmonics other than the 5th and the 7th orders. Moreover, the voltage amplitude oscillation has been reduced from 8% to 3%, with the proposed PLL, compared to 5% with the previously investigated PLL.
The Antecedents of Menarcheal Age: Heredity, Family Environment, and Stressful Life Events

Variations in pubertal timing, specifically age at menarche, have been associated with several antecedents, both genetic and environmental. Recent research has considered a broader range of environmental stressors and their influence on the development of the reproductive system. In this investigation, the following possible antecedents were considered: (a) hereditary transmission, (b) weight and weight for height, (c) stressful life events, (d) family relations, (e) absence or presence of an adult male in the household, and (f) psychological adjustment. Subjects were 75 premenarcheal girls between the ages of 10 and 14 drawn from a larger longitudinal investigation of adolescent development. Girls were from white, well-educated, middle- to upper-middle-class families and attended private schools in a northeastern urban area. While breast development, weight, family relations, and depressive affect were predictive of age at menarche, family relations predicted age at menarche above the influence of breast development or weight. A trend for maternal age at menarche to predict adolescent's age at menarche was found. Weight for height, presence of an adult male in the household, and stressful events were not predictive of age at menarche. These complex interactions of biological and psychosocial development demonstrated here may account to some extent for the inter- and intraindividual variation observed in pubertal development.
Reduction of redundant neural network activation during the performance of a task: a functional model applied to problem-solving strategies.

Abstract Problem-solving is explained by various paradigms. For example, epistemological paradigms state that, when the task is novel, and pursued of one's free will, problem-solving occurs in discontinuous, discernable phases. It is then also a microdevelopmental process, i.e. involves the construction of knowledge through qualitatively different stages of thought. Quantitative methods are used to focus on the redundancy of function as well as the concept of selective activation of the brains's neural network during the performance of a task. In this model, the following are identified: (a) performance circuits: (i) NP, no performance; (ii) LP, low performance; (iii) MP, medium performance; (iv) HP, high performance; and (v) VHR, very high performance; (b) task performance groups: (I) NOU, no outline used; (serves as a control); (ii) OU, outline used; (iii) MOU, modified outline used; (iv) QMOU, qualitatively and quantitatively modified outline used. An example of a distribution that one obtains is (for the efficiency of activation of the HP): QMOU:MOU:OU. NOU is in the ratio of : 400:100:50:5 (out of 103trials). The subject is hence educated as to the mechanism of various strategies that he may use in everyday problemsolving.
Novel Two-Dimensional Perovskites

Rare-earth titanium oxides show the systematics for a new way to tailor superlattices in bulk crystals. It is shown that series of periodic structures can be created from well-known ABO3 compounds by the process of oxygen intercalation, i.e. by an ordered incorporation of excess oxygen to form AB03+y compositions. The intercalation process slices the threedimensional ABO3 structure into subunits of different thickness, each representing a defined oxygen composition. These basic structural units are members of a homologous series, which can be combined in various ways to form new superlattices, the physical character of which varies between that of a semiconductor and a ferroelectric insulator. In contrast to the usual procedure of extrinsic doping, which creates disorder, these variations are achieved without changing the chemical character of the compounds.
What's impeding post-traumatic stress disorder prevention?

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder caused by serious, often life-threatening traumatic events. Previously considered almost exclusively n the context of war-related traumatic stressors—which ave rightfully been in the forefront of public andmedical ttention in recent years, owing to the experiences of U.S. roops in the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts—trauma is, in fact, more commonly experienced outside of military situations. Millions of individuals every year are exposed to life-threatening and life-altering events that put them at risk for mental disorders such as PTSD. These events include motor vehicle collisions, intimate partner violence and other physical or sexual assault, childhoodmaltreatment, natural disasters, and a myriad of other more rare (e.g., gun massacres) but no less unfortunate events. Reduction in incidence of traumatic events would, of course, constitute primary prevention for PTSD. For the most part, reducing the frequency of traumatic events in the general population falls to lawmakers and law enforcement, aided by the public health community (included among them, frequently, mental health experts). The mental health community has an opportunity to implement secondary prevention of PTSD by mitigating the risk of PTSD to people exposed to traumatic events. This is an unusual situation in which mental health practitioners find themselves, that is, positioned to prevent mental illness because the inciting event can be clearly identified. This is truly a unique characteristic of PTSD amongmental illnesses.Whereasmany othermental disorders are no doubt fed by experiential inputs and fueled by life stressors, PTSD cannot occur in the absence of trauma. We have here the chance to catch the traumatic spark before it burns and emotionally scars. This is the promise of the secondary prevention of PTSD. In their systematic review of interventions to prevent PTSD, Forneris et al. summarize the results of the report they prepared on this topic for the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ; for the report in its
Characterizing and Assessing Co-Curricular Activities for Graduate and Professional-School Students: Exploring the Value of Intentional Assessment Planning and Practice

This chapter explores the importance of systematic evaluation of co-curricular activities directed at graduate- and professional- school students. Approaches to assessment and benefits of sound practice are presented along with the critical role that institutional researchers can play.
Partnerships and Perceived Organizational Effectiveness of Nonprofit Organizations

In recent years, interorganizational collaboration has become a prominent aspect of organizational functioning for many different types of organizations. Central Florida nonprofit organizations are catching on to this trend as they find increasing value in the empowerment of partnership. This study aims to contribute to the advancement of the current literature by investigating factors affecting nonprofit collaboration. The study demonstrates that nonprofits tend to collaborate when management perceive that collaboration is needed to accomplish the mission of the organization.
Intruded Salt-Water Wedge in Porous Media

A laboratory model of a two-dimensional, confined aquifer containing an isotropic homogeneous, porous medium was used to investigate the gravitational convection and dispersion of salt water. An equation for the rate of movement of the intruding wedge toe is presented and experimentally verified for the case of zero net fresh ground-water flow to the ocean. The earlier work of Henry in defining the equilibrium position of the intruded wedge is experimentally confirmed. The extent of the zone of dispersion at the salt-fresh interface due to the steady fresh-water flow to the ocean is treated analytically, and reasonable agreement is found experimentally. The additional interfacial mixing due to tidal effects is shown to be governed by a longitudinal and a lateral coefficient of dispersion that are functions of the pore system geometry of the medium and the tidally-induced seepage velocities.
Nonconsensual Insemination: A Pilot Study

Nonconsensual insemination may be an act of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). This pilot study established that most respondents in this small sample were victims of nonconsensual insemination. Surprisingly, none of the respondents in this study said that they reported nonconsensual insemination to their healthcare providers or to law enforcement, even though they believed that nonconsensual insemination is wrong. This study can be used to design further studies that may eventually be able to reduce the sexual health problems caused by nonconsensual insemination, e.g., sexual violation and abuse, sexually transmitted infection (STI), and unintended pregnancy. The data could be instrumental in designing additional studies that will be useful to the criminal justice system in prosecutions and policy-making. Few surveys have been conducted about reproductive coercion or other acts relating to nonconsensual insemination. The best way to begin studying and dealing with this severely unreported form of abuse is by establishing that it has occurred to some people.
What Keeps Passion Alive? Sexual Satisfaction Is Associated With Sexual Communication, Mood Setting, Sexual Variety, Oral Sex, Orgasm, and Sex Frequency in a National U.S. Study

Passion and sexual satisfaction typically diminish in longer-term relationships, but this decline is not inevitable. We identified the attitudes and behaviors that most strongly differentiated sexually satisfied from dissatisfied men and women who had been together for at least three years (N = 38,747). Data were collected in 2006 from cohabiting and married men (M) and women (W) via an online survey on a major national U.S. news Web site. The vast majority of these participants reported being satisfied with their sex lives during their first six months together (83% W; 83% M). Satisfaction with their current sex lives was more variable, with approximately half of participants reporting overall satisfaction (55% W; 43% M) and the rest feeling neutral (18% W; 16% M) or dissatisfied (27% W; 41% M). More than one in three respondents (38% W; 32% M) claimed their sex lives were as passionate now as in the beginning. Sexual satisfaction and maintenance of passion were higher among people who had sex most frequ...
Abstract 137: MicroRNA-200c restores anoikis sensitivity in breast and gynecological cancers

Background: MicroRNA-200c directly targets ZEB1, an epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT)-inducing transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin and other key determinates of epithelial identity and polarity. Therefore, restoration of miR-200c results in repression of ZEB1, dramatic reduction in migration and invasion, and increased sensitivity to microtubule targeting chemotherapeutics. We hypothesized that in addition to ZEB1, miR-200c targets additional genes that contribute to its myriad effects on maintaining the epithelial phenotype by repressing mesenchymal genes. Results: We performed microarray analysis following restoration of miR-200c to aggressive endometrial cancer cells and identified 18 genes that were both significantly repressed and predicted to be direct targets of miR-200c. These genes, including fibronectin 1 (FN1), class III beta-tubulin (TUBB3), neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase type 2 (NTRK2 or TrkB), leptin receptor (LEPR), moesin (MSN1) and Rho GTPase activating protein 19 (ARHGAP19), are all typically expressed only in non-epithelial cells, such as fibroblasts or neurons. Utilizing luciferase reporter assays and mutational analysis, we validate each of these genes as direct targets of miR-200c. We also demonstrate that restoration of miR-200c leads to a dramatic decrease in mRNA and protein levels of these targets. Further we find that restoration of miR-200c restores anoikis sensitivity to suspended cells, leading to over a 1.5 fold increase in cell death. TrkB is a potent suppressor of anoikis in breast and ovarian cancer models. Addition of TrkB lacking the miR-200c binding site reversed the ability of miR-200c to suppress anoikis. Interestingly, neurotrophin 3 (NTF3), a ligand for TrkB, contains 2 putative miR-200c binding sites and is down regulated upon restoration of miR-200c. Thus, loss of miR-200c in carcinoma cells allows inappropriate translation of both TrkB and NTF3, setting up an autocrine loop that results in anoikis resistance. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that miR-200c serves as a “guardian of the epithelial phenotype” and suppressor of EMT by directly targeting and repressing a program of genes that should not be on in differentiated epithelial cells. We identify a novel function of miR-200c, the ability to suppress anoikis resistance, an important yet understudied step in the metastatic cascade. Funding source: DOD Breast Cancer Program Idea Award BC084162 to JKR Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 137. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-137
Virological detection for the cases of Acute Meningitis/Encephalitis in Yichang city( 2006-2012)

Objective To find out the epidemiological characteristics and viral pathogen spectra of acute meningitis /encephalitis syndrome( AMES) cases. Methods Six sentinel surveillance hospitals from Yichang city of Hubei province were selected,which included 4 hospitals at prefectural and 2 hospitals at county level respectively. The samples of serum and cerebrospinal fluid( CSF) were collected from AMES cases from 2006 to 2012,and sero-diagnosis by ELISA was performed for the specific IgM antibody of 5 kinds of virus. Results 2085 AMES cases were detected from 2006 to2012. The infection rate of JEV showed a downtrend year by year,but the infection rate of MuV increased from 2009 to2012. The reported AMES cases showed a peak from July to September. Of all samples,the specific IgM antibody against Japanese encephalitis virus( JEV) was detected,and the positive rate was 2. 49%( 53 /2085 cases). The positive rate for the specific IgM antibody against other four kinds of viruse was: mumps virus( MuV) 20. 63%,herpes simplex virus( HSV)18. 77%,coxsackie virus( COX) 10. 17%,ECHO-viruses( ECHO) 8. 60%. Conclusion MuV,HSV,COX and ECHO were the most important pathogens of viral infection for AMES cases in the six sentinel surveillance hospitals in Yichang city.
Ligamentous injuries of the wrist in athletes.

The athlete’s wrist is particularly prone to injury. Although many wrist injuries are dismissed as sprains or strains, a number of these injuries involve significant ligamentous damage that can lead to chronic carpal instability. A complete knowledge of the carpal ligamentous anatomy and classification of wrist instability patterns is necessary for the adequate diagnosis and treatment of these injuries.
Using Genotyping by Sequencing to Map Two Novel Anthracnose Resistance Loci in Sorghum bicolor

Colletotrichum sublineola is an aggressive fungal pathogen that causes anthracnose in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. The obvious symptoms of anthracnose are leaf blight and stem rot. Sorghum, the fifth most widely grown cereal crop in the world, can be highly susceptible to the disease, most notably in hot and humid environments. In the southeastern United States the acreage of sorghum has been increasing steadily in recent years, spurred by growing interest in producing biofuels, bio-based products, and animal feed. Resistance to anthracnose is, therefore, of paramount importance for successful sorghum production in this region. To identify anthracnose resistance loci present in the highly resistant cultivar ‘Bk7’, a biparental mapping population of F3:4 and F4:5 sorghum lines was generated by crossing ‘Bk7’ with the susceptible inbred ‘Early Hegari-Sart’. Lines were phenotyped in three environments and in two different years following natural infection. The population was genotyped by sequencing. Following a stringent custom filtering protocol, totals of 5186 and 2759 informative SNP markers were identified in the two populations. Segregation data and association analysis identified resistance loci on chromosomes 7 and 9, with the resistance alleles derived from ‘Bk7’. Both loci contain multiple classes of defense-related genes based on sequence similarity and gene ontologies. Genetic analysis following an independent selection experiment of lines derived from a cross between ‘Bk7’ and sweet sorghum ‘Mer81-4’ narrowed the resistance locus on chromosome 9 substantially, validating this QTL. As observed in other species, sorghum appears to have regions of clustered resistance genes. Further characterization of these regions will facilitate the development of novel germplasm with resistance to anthracnose and other diseases.
A Strategy for Managing Non-Organic Failure to Thrive Based on a Prospective Study of Antecedents

Non-organic failure to thrive (NOFT) is a formidable problem at medical centers that provide care for low income families. The frequency is as high as six percent of all births in these institutions (Altemeier et al., 1985) and the sequelae are substantial for both victims and society. Although we lack an ideal study of outcome (for example, a long term prospective comparison of the full spectrum of NOFT with controls matched for family size, intelligence and socioeconomic level), the best information we have indicates that children with severe NOFT are at risk for delayed development and small stature when examined a decade or longer after the initial diagnosis (Oates et al., 1985).
Hypophosphatasia: Natural history study of 101 affected children investigated at one research center

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is the inborn-error-of-metabolism that features deficient activity of the tissue-nonspecific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). Resultant extracellular accumulation of inorganic pyrophosphate, a TNSALP substrate and potent inhibitor of mineralization, typically leads to tooth loss and sometimes to rickets or osteomalacia. HPP's remarkably broad-ranging severity is largely explained by autosomal dominant versus autosomal recessive transmission from among several hundred usually missense mutations positioned throughout the gene that encodes TNSALP. In 2015, our cross-sectional investigation of 173 affected children validated and expanded the clinical nosology commonly used for pediatric HPP. Herein, for the 101 patients in that cohort with longitudinal data, we explored the natural history of pediatric HPP by assessing their z-scores for height and then for weight, grip strength, and bone mineral density (BMD) determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) also after adjusting for patient height. Eighteen patients contributed to "across" puberty evaluation. According to increasing HPP severity, there were 28 odonto HPP, 28 mild childhood HPP, 37 severe childhood HPP, and 8 infantile HPP patients typically studied from early to mid-childhood. The individual values for each parameter were wide-ranging within, and overlapping between, the four successive patient groups. Final mean/median z-scores, like the published initial values, paralleled the nosology. Longitudinal findings were similar for the boys versus girls and across puberty. Mean/median height z-scores remained constant for all four patient groups. In contrast, mean/median weight z-scores increased with aging, including after height-adjustment, resembling the recent trend for American children. However, excessive weight gain was typically not observed and mean/median values became average for height. Mean/median z-scores calculated routinely for chronologic age did not change for grip strength or for lumbar spine or total hip BMD. However, height-correction of the cohort suggested some worsening of grip strength z-scores and indicated improvement in spine BMD z-scores. Overall, in affected children and adolescents, HPP represents a clinically stable but chronic disorder.
Real time arc fault detection in PV systems using wavelet decomposition

Reliable arc fault detection is crucial for the safe operation of photovoltaic (PV) system. Fourier transform methods have been previously used to detect arcing by examining the frequency characteristics of the PV voltage or current but are not well suited because arcs are chaotic, not periodic and not stationary. In contract, wavelet-based transforms are well suited because the technique does not assume periodicity and is adept at detecting discontinuities in the signal. This paper reports on results from the development of a real time arc fault detection technique that was built as a wavelet decomposition based arc detector using a TI C2000 platform DSP. The arc fault detector was tested on a composite arc signal constructed from recordings of real-world inverter noise and real-world arc events replayed through a high-fidelity test bed to compare the ability to differentiate inverter only and inverter plus arcing signals. The results demonstrate that the wavelet decomposition and arc discrimination algorithms can be implemented in real-time on a low-cost DSP.