cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determination of Cysteinyl-Containing Peptides and Associated Enzyme Activities in Rat Tissues by Reverse Phase HPLC

We have developed a sensitive chromatographic method using fluorescence detection for the rapid analysis of monobromobimane-derivatized cysteine and cysteine-containing peptides. The method allows determination of these substances and assay of the enzymes involved in their formation and breakdown: γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-Glu-Cys synthetase), GSH synthetase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-Glu transpeptidase) and dipeptidase. In the assay of GSH synthetase, 90% of the endogenous interfering GSH can be removed by preincubation with thiopropyl Sepharose resin. The distribution of the four enzymes listed above has been measured in liver, heart, lung and kidney of the rat. Some kinetic constants are: hepatic γ-Gly-Cys synthetase: Km (glutamate) 3.36 ± 0.33 mM, Vmax 85.0 ± 2.3 nmol/min/mg protein (Ki for buthionine sulfoximine 1.84 ± 0.11 μM); hepatic GSH synthetase: high affinity Km (glycine) 0.67 ± 0.30 mM, Vmax 7.86 ± 1.17 nmol/min/mg protein; renal γ-Glu transpeptidase: Km (glycylglycine) 8.63 ± 0.07 mM, Vmax 23.6 ± 0.7 μmol/min/mg protein (Ki for AT-125 2.64 ± 0.17 mM); renal dipeptidase: Km (cysteinylglycine) 0.55 ± 0.06 mM, Vmax 100.6 ± 4.5 nmol/min/mg protein.
Optimal Trajectories for Planar Rigid Bodies with Switching Costs

The optimal trajectory with respect to some metric may require very many switches between controls, or even infinitely many, a phenomenon called chattering; this can be problematic for existing motion planning algorithms that plan using a finite set of motion primitives. One remedy is to add some penalty for switching between controls. This paper explores the implications of this switching cost for optimal trajectories, using rigid bodies in the plane (which have been studied extensively in the cost-free-switch model) as an example system. Blatt’s Indifference Principle (BIP) is used to derive necessary conditions on optimal trajectories; Lipschitzian optimization techniques together with an A* search yield an algorithm for finding trajectories that can arbitrarily approximate the optimal trajectories.
If You Are Committed, Then so Am I: The Role of Social Networks and Social Influence on Organizational Commitment:

Research on organizational commitment has generally ignored the role that social networks may play in shaping work-related attitudes. In this article, we explore two network-based mechanisms: (a) s...
Atrial fibrillation as the initial clinical manifestation of cardiac sarcoidosis: a case report and review of the literature

Cardiac sarcoidosis is an unusually rare form of sarcoidosis that often remains silent clinically; although if not screened for and diagnosed early can lead to disastrous consequences, which include sudden death. In addition to sudden death, cardiac sarcoidosis can present with myriad manifestations, including congestive heart failure and conduction blocks, as well as atrial or ventricular arrhythmias. We hereby present a case report of 45-year-old African-American male who repeatedly presented in the emergency room with episodes of paroxysomal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) as well as atrial fibrillation of unknown origin. Detailed workup led to a successful diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis, which is being treated with 1 mg/kg of steroids daily. Our focus on this report is that with recent advances in imaging technology, cardiac sarcoidosis can be detected more easily than before. Therefore, a high degree of clinical suspicion and systematic evaluation to uncover the cardiac involvement is warranted to improve outcomes of patients with sarcoidosis and cardiac involvement.
MAGNITUDE ESTIMATION OF SEXUAL STANDARDS

judgments based on the Thurstonian category method are linearly related to the logar~rhm of the geometric mean of the magnitude estimation judgments. This relationsh~p has been obtained on a wide variety of nonmetric dimensions (Ekman, 1962; Stevens, 1966). These results imply not only that such scales are unidimensional but also that Thurstone's category method measures equal log ratios rather than equal distances. Thus a magnitude estimation scale, since it does provide a measure of distance, may well be a higher order scale which is readily applicable to subjective attitudinal dimensions. The present investigation was designed to determine whether the expected logarithmic relationship between the two scales would be obtained on a nonmetric dimension called sexual standards. Forty undergraduate students (20 male and 20 female) were presented a list of 24 verbal statements,' each of which described a fairly specific act related to sexual behavior. (An example of an item representing mildly liberal behavior is one involving kissing on a first date; an example of a strongly liberal item is one involving premarital intercourse.) Each of the 24 items was rated in terms of its seriousness or severity relative to "the community code of sexual standards." Half of the students (10 male and 10 female) made judgments based on a 9-point category scale ranging from "extremely serious" to "extremely non-serious." The remaining 20 Ss made magnitude estimation judgments based on a standard item which was arbitrarily assigned a value of 10. The 24 mean category judgments were plotted against the logarithms of the 24 geometric means obtained from the magnitude estimation judgments. The plot' revealed an unmistakable linear tendency with relatively small scacter. This logarithmic relationship between the two scales suggests that attitudes regarding various sexual acts can be unidimensionally scaled by the procedure of magnitude estimation.
Completely Tetrahedral Sextuples

(1959). Completely Tetrahedral Sextuples. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 460-464.
Integrating HIV Testing as an Outcome of STD Partner Services for Men Who Have Sex with Men

Abstract Men who have sex with men (MSM) with bacterial sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are at elevated risk for HIV infection, but often do not test for HIV at time of STD diagnosis. We instituted and evaluated a program promoting HIV testing through STD partner services (PS). In May 2012, health departments in Washington State modified STD PS programs with the objective of providing PS to all MSM with early syphilis, gonorrhea, or chlamydial infection and ensuring that those without a prior HIV diagnosis tested for HIV infection. We used chi-square tests and logistic and log-binomial regression to compare the percentage of MSM who received PS, HIV tested, and were newly HIV diagnosed before (January 1, 2010 to April 30, 2012) and during the revised program (May 1, 2012 to August 31, 2014). Among MSM without a prior HIV diagnosis, 2008 (62%) of 3253 preintervention and 3712 (76%) of 4880 during the intervention received PS (p < 0.001). HIV testing among PS recipients increased from 63% to 91% (p < 0...
Successive Approximations and Implicit Functions

This chapter discusses successive approximations and implicit functions. Many important problems in mathematics involve the solution of equations or systems of equations. The chapter describes the central existence theorems of multivariable calculus that pertain to such problems. The inverse mapping theorem deals with the problem of solving a system of n equations in n unknowns, while the implicit mapping theorem deals with a system of n equations in m + n variables. The classical example of a nonorientable manifold is the Mobius strip, a model of which can be made by gluing together the ends of a strip of paper after given it a half twist. The chapter discusses Newton's method and contraction mappings.
The Relationship between Religion and State in Hegel's Thought

To say that Hegel's position on the relationship between religion and state is not easy to categorise would be a vast understatement. Eluding comfortable labels, his ideas on the subject diverge from historically prevalent conceptions, which together are often thought to be exhaustive. On the one hand, Hegel's position contrasts sharply with theocratic doctrines that propose a simple identity of political and religious institutions, or subjugate the former to the latter. Almost equally distant from Hegel's position, however, are liberal and Enlightenment views that urge the complete separation of religion from secular authority and mundane politics. This tension is characteristic of many of Hegel's writings on the subject, from the earliest to die most mature. On numerous occasions, Hegel voices his vehement opposition to the notion of a radical split between religion and the ‘ethical’ (sittlich) institutions of political power. In an early fragment from 1798 he writes, ‘if the principle of the state is a complete totality, then church and state cannot possibly be unrelated’, and similar sentiments are voiced in many other writings, including Hegel's very last lectures on the Philosophy of Religion from 1831. Yet, at other junctures he contends, rather, that only ‘in despotism church and state are one’. Of all Hegel's extended discussions of the subject, one — in the Remark and Addition to §270 of the Philosophy of Right — lays emphasis on the cleft between church and state; others — in §552 of the Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences (Third Edition), the aforementioned 1831 Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, and the final sections of the Philosophy of History — seem, on the contrary, to stress the essential and eventual unity of religious and political life. To reconcile such seemingly contradictory views within a coherent position (even a dialectically coherent one) and salvage Hegel's position from the muddle of apparent contradictions and oblique formulations is therefore a challenge.
Neutron Techniques for Detection of Explosives

Publisher Summary This particular chapter provides details about detection of explosives. The detection of explosive materials might be made of a selection of materials that are normally concealed. An enormous contract of work has been accounted in the literature on neutron-based techniques for the detection of explosives. There are also a number of techniques, such as X-ray-based and chemical outline detection processes that look for tiny traces of explosive deposits. There is also a limitation while using trace and x-ray methods, but neutron- or nuclear-based methods is in use for aviation safety on a routine basis. Although, explosive materials differ extensively in their chemical work, and in some other senses, it could be disagreed that the common features of these resources is that they ignite a number of probable explosives. Summarized by Makky and Gozani, the fundamental element is that the designer of apparatus detection identifies the enormous diversity of potential attacks. and so clearly understands what the boundations of a scrupulous technique may be.
Topoisomerases and the regulation of neural function

Topoisomerases are unique enzymes that regulate torsional stress in DNA to enable essential genome functions, including DNA replication and transcription. Although all cells in an organism require topoisomerases to maintain normal function, the nervous system in particular shows a vital need for these enzymes. Indeed, a range of inherited human neurologic syndromes, including neurodegeneration, schizophrenia and intellectual impairment, are associated with aberrant topoisomerase function. Much remains unknown regarding the tissue-specific function of neural topoisomerases or the connections between these enzymes and disease aetiology. Precisely how topoisomerases regulate genome dynamics within the nervous system is therefore a crucial research question.
Structure and Evolution of a Warm Frontal Precipitation Band during the GPM Cold Season Precipitation Experiment (GCPEx)

AbstractThis paper describes the evolution of an intense precipitation band associated with a relatively weak warm front observed during the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission Cold Season Precipitation Experiment (GCPEx) over southern Ontario, Canada, on 18 February 2012. The warm frontal precipitation band went through genesis, maturity, and decay over a 5–6-h period. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model nested down to 1-km grid spacing was able to realistically predict the precipitation band evolution, albeit somewhat weaker and slightly farther south than observed. Band genesis began in an area of precipitation with embedded convection to the north of the warm front in a region of weak frontogenetical forcing at low levels and a weakly positive to slightly negative moist potential vorticity (MPV*) from 900 to 650 hPa. A midlevel dry intrusion helped reduce the midlevel stability, while the precipitation band intensified as the low-level frontogenesis intensified in a sloping lay...
Sustainability via Active Garden Education (SAGE): results from two feasibility pilot studies.

Low physical activity (PA) and fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption in early childhood are continued public health challenges. This manuscript describes outcomes from two pilot studies for Sustainability via Active Garden Education (SAGE), a program designed to increase PA and F&V consumption among 3 to 5 year old children. SAGE was developed using community-based participatory research (CBPR) and delivered to children (N = 89) in early care and education centers (ECEC, N = 6) in two US cities. Children participated in 12 one-hour sessions that included songs, games, and interactive learning activities involving garden maintenance and taste tests. We evaluated reach, efficacy, adoption, implementation, and potential for maintenance of SAGE following the RE-AIM framework. Reach was evaluated by comparing demographic characteristics among SAGE participants and residents of target geographic areas. Efficacy was evaluated with accelerometer-measured PA, F&V consumption, and eating in the absence of hunger among children, parenting practices regarding PA, and home availability of F&V. Adoption was evaluated by the number of ECEC that participated relative to the number of ECEC that were recruited. Implementation was evaluated by completion rates of planned SAGE lessons and activities, and potential for maintenance was evaluated with a parent satisfaction survey. SAGE reached ECEC in neighborhoods representing a wide range of socioeconomic status, with participants’ sociodemographic characteristics representing those of the intervention areas. Children significantly increased PA during SAGE lessons compared to usual lessons, but they also consumed more calories in the absence of hunger in post- vs. pre-intervention tests (both p < .05). Parent reports did not suggest changes in F&V consumption, parenting PA practices, or home F&V availability, possibly due to low parent engagement. ECEC had moderate-to-high implementation of SAGE lessons and curriculum. Potential for maintenance was strong, with parents rating SAGE favorably and reporting increases in knowledge about PA and nutrition guidelines for young children. SAGE successfully translated national PA guidelines to practice for young children but was less successful with nutrition guidelines. High adoption and implementation and favorable parent reports suggest high potential for program sustainability. Further work to engage parents and families of young children in ECEC-based PA and nutrition programming is needed.
A facile method for producing porous parts with complex geometries from ferromagnetic Ni-Mn-Ga shape memory alloys

Abstract Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys are well known for producing large strains in the presence of magnetic fields. Ni-Mn-Ga is one of the most studied FSMA’s due to giant strains induced by external magnetic fields. Recently porous polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga has been reported to demonstrate magnetic field induced strains (MFIS) comparable to single crystals. Moreover, Ni-Mn-Ga is brittle subsequently limiting the means by which it can be manufactured. To date, no methodologies are reported for producing porous polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga with convoluted geometries. This paper reports on the use of additive manufacturing (AM) to produce porous Ni-Mn-Ga with complex geometries and reversible martensitic transformations.
A unique case series of autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy exhibiting multigenerational inheritance.

Introduction: Autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy (ARB) is a retinal disease caused by biallelic mutations of the BEST1 gene. It has a variable phenotype with white flecks in the retina, multifoca...
The upgraded calibration system for the scintillator-PMT tile hadronic calorimeter of the ATLAS experiment at CERN/LHC

Abstract The TileCal section of the hadronic calorimeter of the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), CERN, is a sampling calorimeter employing steel plates as absorber and plastic scintillator tiles read out by photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) as the active medium. We present an overview of the calibration system that enables the TileCal to meet its design goals of sub-1% level accuracy as well as excellent short- and long-term stability through constant monitoring.
SECULAR ROOTS OF RELIGIOUS RAGE: SHAPING RELIGIOUS IDENTITY IN THE MIDDLE EAST

In historic cases of religious conflict, religion was not necessarily the original source of the conflict, but was eventually established as the focal point around which individuals defined their identity. Although the differences between the two groups may have been numerous (political, economic, cultural, etc.), religion provided the easiest and most prominently accessible tool for mass mobilization and identity differentiation. Once this shift occurs, the religious identities become so salient that all future interactions tend to be defined along religious lines, which in turn lends itself to intractability. This paper draws parallels between previous intractable religious conflicts and the current developing conflict between the United States and the Islamic world. Although the United States has made a concerted effort to declare a war on “terror” and not Islam, the perceived threat associated with current U.S. foreign policy behavior is encouraging the redefinition of Middle Eastern identity in Islamic terms and creating the possibility of intractable religious conflict on a global scale. Consequently, while many within the region may not have initially seen this conflict along religious lines, Islam has provided the most prominent and convenient form for articulating their frustrations.
Comparison of the Quality of Well-being Scale and the SF-36 results among two samples of ill adults: AIDS and other illnesses.

Abstract Purpose . To compare results of using the SF-36 Short Form 36 (SF-36) and the Quality of Well-being Scale (QWB) in characterizing health outcomes over time in patients having serious illnesses, including cancer and AIDS. Background . The SF-36 and the QWB are alternative measures of health-related quality of life. The SF-36 is a morbidity measure that features a profile of nine dimensions. The QWB is a preference-based measure that combines morbidity and mortality into a single number. However, the QWB can also be scored and used as a profile. We compare SF-36 and QWB scores with different scoring methods to assess validity and sensitivity to change over time in health outcomes for adult patients with HIV infection, cancer, and other serious illnesses. Subjects . 201 adults with serious illnesses, including 99 with AIDS and 102 with cancer or other illnesses. Procedure . All subjects received both measures at baseline and at 6-month intervals thereafter, over a period of 21/2 years. Results . In the profile mode, the QWB captured outcomes that characterize the AIDS syndrome. The SF-36 differentiated between the AIDS and other illnesses patients on some scales, but without consistent direction. However, the overall QWB showed a decrease in quality of life over time for both the AIDS and other illnesses patients while the SF-36 did not. This is because many patients died and these were counted as outcomes by the QWB and as missing data by the SF-36. Conclusions . The QWB appears to be better able to capture outcomes of serious illness over time than does the SF-36.
Miranda Misconceptions of Criminal Detainees: Differences Based on Age Groups and Prior Arrests

ABSTRACTKnowing and intelligent Miranda waivers remain the cornerstone of our 5th Amendment right against self-incrimination in the United States. Until recently, however, Miranda-related research ...
Retrovirus-like Gag Protein Arc1 Binds RNA and Traffics across Synaptic Boutons

Summary Arc/Arg3.1 is required for synaptic plasticity and cognition, and mutations in this gene are linked to autism and schizophrenia. Arc bears a domain resembling retroviral/retrotransposon Gag-like proteins, which multimerize into a capsid that packages viral RNA. The significance of such a domain in a plasticity molecule is uncertain. Here, we report that the Drosophila Arc1 protein forms capsid-like structures that bind darc1 mRNA in neurons and is loaded into extracellular vesicles that are transferred from motorneurons to muscles. This loading and transfer depends on the darc1-mRNA 3′ untranslated region, which contains retrotransposon-like sequences. Disrupting transfer blocks synaptic plasticity, suggesting that transfer of dArc1 complexed with its mRNA is required for this function. Notably, cultured cells also release extracellular vesicles containing the Gag region of the Copia retrotransposon complexed with its own mRNA. Taken together, our results point to a trans -synaptic mRNA transport mechanism involving retrovirus-like capsids and extracellular vesicles.
Understanding the secondary digital gap: Learning challenges and performance in college introductory programming courses

Learning computer programming can be challenging for college students. One of the most formidable issues is the “digital gap,” the lack of access to digital devices, which affects student performance in introductory programming courses. This inaccessibility can lead to inadequate computer literacy that creates a secondary digital gap, a higher level of the digital gap, and results in poor academic performance. Few studies have explored the effect of this secondary digital gap on academic performance. This study examines the relationship between performance and a selected set of variables concerning learning challenges in introductory programming courses on Java involving 140 undergraduate students. Analyses based on correlation and hierarchical linear regression indicate that confusion regarding the different programming interfaces is the most significant determinant of academic performance. Moreover, skill in online searches, and access to desktop and tablet devices were found to be associated with student grades on assignments and exams. We provide recommendations to adapt multimedia tools and pedagogical solutions to mitigate the impact of the secondary digital gap on college students.
Tool use in Goffin's cockatoos: Shape/frame matching.

Nonhuman tool use is no longer questioned; the issues now are whether such use is mostly inflexible and innately specified or involves experience, innovation, adaptation, and cognitive planning, and how many species qualify. Habl and Auersperg (PLoS One, 12(11):e0186859, 2017) have shown that some Goffin’s cockatoos (Cacatua goffiniana) respond in novel ways to a tool-use task that nonhuman primates and young children find somewhat challenging.
Dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) protein, starch, and ash concentrations as affected by cultivar and environment

Dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important crop in the Northern Great Plains of the USA and Canada. Information on dry pea quality as affected by cultivars and environments is limited. This experim...
Autoignition of varied cetane number fuels at low temperatures

Abstract The reactivity of six kerosene based control fuels, specifically formulated for cetane number variation, are investigated by measuring ignition delay time in a heated rapid compression machine. Cetane numbers vary from 30 to 55 (increment of 5) while holding other properties relatively constant by adjusting chemical group composition. Main cetane variation was controlled through the distribution of normal alkanes and isoalkanes, which was fine-tuned using additives. Other fuel properties such as density, viscosity, H/C ratio, etc. were balanced using cyclic compounds and aromatics. Fuels were tested in the RCM at compressed pressures of Pc= 10 and 20 bar, equivalence ratios of ϕ = 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0, in the low to intermediate temperature range (620 K ≤ Tc ≤ 730 K). Relations between cetane number and ignition delay time have been evaluated at multiple test conditions, and further analysis on multistage ignition has been conducted. Ignition delay times of fuels with higher cetane numbers are shorter at these temperatures for most conditions. First stage ignition delay time measurements have been observed to be relatively insensitive to Pc, ϕ, and fuel type, while deviations in overall ignition delay times are mainly attributed to second stage ignition delay time, impacted by variations in the first stage temperature. Control fuels of this type offer an opportunity to be used in practical experiments to determine the impact of cetane number on combustion dynamics.
Why size matters: Differences in brain volume account for apparent sex differences in callosal anatomy: The sexual dimorphism of the corpus callosum

Numerous studies have demonstrated a sexual dimorphism of the human corpus callosum. However, the question remains if sex differences in brain size, which typically is larger in men than in women, or biological sex per se account for the apparent sex differences in callosal morphology. Comparing callosal dimensions between men and women matched for overall brain size may clarify the true contribution of biological sex, as any observed group difference should indicate pure sex effects. We thus examined callosal morphology in 24 male and 24 female brains carefully matched for overall size. In addition, we selected 24 extremely large male brains and 24 extremely small female brains to explore if observed sex effects might vary depending on the degree to which male and female groups differed in brain size. Using the individual T1-weighted brain images (n=96), we delineated the corpus callosum at midline and applied a well-validated surface-based mesh-modeling approach to compare callosal thickness at 100 equidistant points between groups determined by brain size and sex. The corpus callosum was always thicker in men than in women. However, this callosal sex difference was strongly determined by the cerebral sex difference overall. That is, the larger the discrepancy in brain size between men and women, the more pronounced the sex difference in callosal thickness, with hardly any callosal differences remaining between brain-size matched men and women. Altogether, these findings suggest that individual differences in brain size account for apparent sex differences in the anatomy of the corpus callosum.
NADPH AND NADPH OXIDASE

NADP in the cell exists in both reduced (NADPH) and oxidized (NADP+) forms. Reduction of NADP+ to NADPH occurs by the pentose phosphate pathway, which is an alternative route for the metabolism of glucose. NADPH provides reducing power for biosynthetic reactions, maintains the redox state of the cell, and is the electron donor for NADPH oxidase. This enzyme is present in polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMNs) and other phagocytic cells where it produces superoxide from oxygen and NADPH for cellular bactericidal function. In phagocytic cells, NADPH oxidase is composed of the flavocytochrome b558, an integral membrane heterodimer composed of gp91phox and p22phox subunits, and the cytosolic proteins, p40phox, p47phox, p67phox, and Rac. The subunits of NADPH oxidase are unassembled and the enzyme is inactive in the resting state but with the appropriate stimulus, activation occurs by translocation of cytosolic components to the cell membrane. NADPH oxidase also exists in nonphagocytic cells, such as endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, although the gp91phox component may be replaced by homologous (Nox and Duox) proteins. The enzyme is largely responsible for basal and stimulated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that serves a cell-signaling function leading to changes in gene transcription and protein synthesis. Deficiency of NADPH oxidase results in chronic granulomatous disease, an inherited disease characterized by recurrent chronic infections due to abnormal bactericidal mechanisms. Overproduction of ROS by NADPH oxidase associated with PMN infiltration and activation results in oxidant stress that may exacerbate acute lung injury.
Introduction, Literature Review, Methods, and Organization of the Study

This chapter introduces the research question, the indicators that were examined, the possible explanations for Putin’s popularity, the methodological techniques used in the gathering of the data and the construction of the argument, the theories used to support the data collected, the general argument, the contributions and limitations of the study, and the organization of the chapters.
Reinterpreting Springwells Ceramics in the Great Lakes Region of North America

The original ceramics typology developed for Younge/Western Basin Tradition Springwells phase (ca. AD 1160–1420) assemblages included three variants known as Macomb Linear, Macomb Interrupted Linea...
Abstract 108: Sympathetic Inhibition Prevents the Homing of Specific Memory T Cells to the Bone Marrow and the Development of Repeated Hypertension

Effector memory T cells (TEM cells) play a crucial role in hypertension. Formed during an initial blood pressure surge, TEM cells can reside in bone marrow (BM) in a quiescent state for prolonged p...
Typical Talkers, Late Talkers, and Children With Specific Language Impairment: A Language Endowment Spectrum?

This chapter provides a longitudinal investigation of late talkers, with a focus on considering the notion of a language endowment spectrum. In the Early Language Learning Project, language skills of late talkers were compared to those of typically developing toddlers throughout the preschool period. Research on late talkers and investigations of specific language impairment have proceeded, to a certain extent, as separate lines of inquiry even though there are compelling theoretical and clinical reasons to better understand the nature of the relation between these groups. Children were exposed to novel object labels in the context of a puppet game and were then asked to name the objects or identify the objects given the verbal label. As a group, late talkers displayed many similarities to the children with typical language development with respect to patterns of linguistic growth and mechanisms of language learning, though there were also some differences.
Exploring Parallelism in the Deep Learning Arena

Deep Learning has its roots in the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) which have been around for close to 50 years now. Deep Learning is an artificial neural network but with number of intermediate stages hence the name deep learning. It has come to forefront due to two main reasons, first explosion of enormous data commonly known as “big data” and availability of high performance computing platforms. There are two computational stages of learning or training of the data and the second one is the computation of the algorithm. Deep Learning can be inherently parallel in nature and hence computations can be performed in parallel. This paper explores opportunities for speeding up the computation part. There are three areas that need to be explored, first computational algorithm need to be parallelized, the second is the reduction in the memory access time and the third is to strategically limit the word length.
Batgirls and the Politics of Feminism in Gotham

There have been several Batgirls in Gotham City since 1961. Betty, Barbara, Cassandra, Stephanie, and Nissa have roughly tracked the external concerns, the successes and failures, and the internal tensions of the US feminist movement—the push for equal opportunities for males and females in all areas of life, the difficulties of stereotypes of gender pervasive in American culture and institutions, and the diversity of people who identify as women. This movement has often been labeled as having “waves”: the First Wave, from 1848 to 1920; the Second Wave from the mid-1960s to mid-1980s, and the Third Wave from that time to the present. While the wave metaphor does not capture the underlying continuities of the feminist movement and uses dates more closely tied to white women’s activism than to women’s activism in general, it does capture ways in which the movement’s emphases have changed over time.
Albro: Vacant to Vibrant: Creating Successful Green Infrastructure Networks

It has been more than a decade since Schilling and Logan (2008) called for a “greening of the Rust Belt.” In it, the authors identified a need for innovative planning and design approaches, statewi...
Measuring the quality of reference services provided by paraprofessionals at an academic library

Abstract The goals of this research study are: 1) to investigate the level of complexity of chat reference questions; 2) to measure the performance of paraprofessional reference staff based on answer correctness and patron interactions; and 3) to use this data to assess the overall effectiveness of the triage reference-services model currently used by all three campus libraries of MCPHS University. A team of five reference librarians conducted a retrospective two-year evaluation of live-chat reference transactions. The questions' complexity was evaluated using the Reference Effort Assessment Data (READ) scale, while the answer correctness and patron interactions were scored using a rubric. The study provides data in support of the triage reference-services model and evidence that, with proper training, paraprofessional reference assistants can offer high-quality reference services for academic libraries' patrons.
Quantifying Information without Entropy: Identifying Intermittent Disturbances in Dynamical Systems.

A system’s response to disturbances in an internal or external driving signal can be characterized as performing an implicit computation, where the dynamics of the system are a manifestation of its new state holding some memory about those disturbances. Identifying small disturbances in the response signal requires detailed information about the dynamics of the inputs, which can be challenging. This paper presents a new method called the Information Impulse Function (IIF) for detecting and time-localizing small disturbances in system response data. The novelty of IIF is its ability to measure relative information content without using Boltzmann’s equation by modeling signal transmission as a series of dissipative steps. Since a detailed expression of the informational structure in the signal is achieved with IIF, it is ideal for detecting disturbances in the response signal, i.e., the system dynamics. Those findings are based on numerical studies of the topological structure of the dynamics of a nonlinear system due to perturbated driving signals. The IIF is compared to both the Permutation entropy and Shannon entropy to demonstrate its entropy-like relationship with system state and its degree of sensitivity to perturbations in a driving signal.
Substance use and abuse in pediatric transplant recipients: What the transplant provider needs to know

Substance abuse is infrequently addressed during pre- and post-transplant care. However, the significant increase in the use of nicotine- and marijuana-containing products in the general and transplant adolescent population is concerning. In addition, alcohol use/abuse remains prevalent in the US population as it is highly accessible. Pediatric transplant providers should be prepared to screen for the use of any of these substances (eg, alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, cocaine, opiates, amphetamines) and to counsel them about the dangers of substance use and abuse including the unique dangers of the substances as a transplant recipient. Formal screening tools (in children as young as 9 years) should always be used as casual assessment of substance abuse has a high failure rate. This review summarizes the substances most commonly used in adolescent transplant recipients and the approach that transplant providers should take in order to prevent, decrease, or halt use in this patient population.
The Network of Relationships in Law and Religion

This essay introduces six interconnected relationships at work within three very different monographs firmly situated in the study of law and religion. On one level, this essay introduces the preva...
Understanding Outcomes and the Ability to Return to Work After Rotator Cuff Repair in the Workers' Compensation Population

Introduction Patients with a worker compensation claim are associated with a greater probability of continued symptoms and activity intolerance. This study aims to determine predictors of improved patient-reported outcomes in the workers' compensation population. Methods Patients with workers' compensation claims undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair between 2010 and 2015 were included. Age, gender, dominant hand, occupation, and number of tendons involved were analyzed. At a minimum of two years, patients were contacted to complete American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Survey, Simple Shoulder Test (SST), and return-to-work status (RTW). Preoperative characteristics and scores were then compared. Results Seventy patients were available for follow-up at an average of 5.4 years (range: 2.1-8.8 years). Average age was 55 years (range: 37-72); 55 (78.6%) were males, 23 (32.9%) were laborers; and 59 (84.2%) patients returned to work. The sole predictor for RTW was surgery on the non-dominant arm (96.5% versus 75.6%; p = 0.021). Laborers showed decreased RTW (p = 0.03). Patients who completed RTW had excellent outcomes with higher ASES (87 versus 50; p value < 0.001) and SST scores (10.4 versus 4.6; p < 0.001). Patients with three tendon tears had inferior ASES (p = 0.026) and SST (p = 0.023) scores than those with less. Conclusion Most workers' compensation patients have excellent outcomes from rotator cuff repair. Patients with three tendon tear repairs demonstrated the worst functional outcomes. Laborers showed decreased ability to RTW with nearly one-third unable.
Applying Expanded Servicescape to the Hotel Industry

The physical environment plays an essential role in customers’ hotel stay experiences. Hotels offer a differentiated atmosphere that creates favorable customers’ evaluations. Based on the significa...
LGBTQ Older Adults in Long-Term Care Settings: An Integrative Review to Inform Best Practices

To synthesize literature about lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) older adults in long-term care (LTC) facilities and provide recommendations for best practice guideline develop...
Bayesian Portfolio Selection: Application to Tactical Asset Allocation

This article discusses the portfolio selection problem from a Bayesian perspective. In doing so, I first provide an overview of the portfolio problem and motivate the decision-making process from an expected utility point of view. Then, I demonstrate the analytical solution to the problem and stress the intuition behind the Bayesian application. In particular, in the case of risky assets, the optimal portfolio corresponds to three funds. The first is the minimum variance portfolio, whereas the others denote two self-financing portfolios corresponding to the mean returns. The combination between the first and the second funds is consistent with the conventional mean-variance portfolio. Furthermore, with the inclusion of the third fund, the portfolio incorporates the priors/beliefs of the decision-making into the portfolio selection. Based on the analytical insights, I conduct a small empirical experiment using two ETFs. The experiment emulates a tactical asset allocation problem. All the empirical analysis is conducted using R.
Hormonal Control of Growth

Publisher Summary Growth of an individual or an organ involves increases, both in cell number and cell size, differentiation of cells to perform highly specialized functions and tissue remodeling. The process is complex and depends on the interplay of genetic, nutritional, and environmental influences as well as actions of the endocrine system. This chapter describes the hormones that play important roles in growth and their interactions at critical times in development. Growth hormone (GH), which is also called somatotropin (STH), is the single most important hormone required for normal growth but appropriate secretion of thyroid and adrenal hormones and insulin is essential for optimal growth. The mode of action of GH involves activation of a signaling cascade by binding sequentially to the two GH receptor molecules to form a receptor dimer that sandwiches the hormone between the two receptor molecules. The physiological effects of GH include growth of skeletal system and body composition. Deficiency of GH results in pituitary dwarfism, while its overproduction leads to gigantism in children and a condition known as acromegaly in adults. GH secretion is affected by age, other neuroendocrine factors, and changes in the internal or external environment. Growth hormone also inhibits its own secretion by a short loop negative feedback effect. Thus, regulation of growth by the endocrine system can be viewed as coordination of local growth processes with overall development of the individual and with external environmental influences.
Overview of Supersonic Aerodynamics Measurement Techniques in the NASA Langley Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel

An overview is given of selected measurement techniques used in the NASA Langley Research Center (NASA LaRC) Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel (UPWT) to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of aerospace vehicles operating at supersonic speeds. A broad definition of a measurement technique is adopted in this paper and is any qualitative or quantitative experimental approach that provides information leading to the improved understanding of the supersonic aerodynamic characteristics. On-surface and off-surface measurement techniques used to obtain discrete (point) and global (field) measurements and planar and global flow visualizations are described, and examples of all methods are included. The discussion is limited to recent experiences in the UPWT and is, therefore, not an exhaustive review of existing experimental techniques. The diversity and high quality of the measurement techniques and the resultant data illustrate the capabilities of a ground-based experimental facility and the key role that it plays in the advancement of our understanding, prediction, and control of supersonic aerodynamics.
The HPV Vaccine: Overcoming Barriers to Acceptance of a Medical Triumph.

Physicians must educate patients and parents about the risks and benefits of the HPV vaccine to increase rates of vaccination and decrease racial and sex disparities in access to the vaccine.
Human Speech Perception: Some Lessons from Automatic Speech Recognition

We show that data-guided techniques optimized for classification of speech sounds into context-independent phoneme classes yield auditory-like frequency resolution and enhanced sensitivity to modulation frequencies in the 1- 15 Hz range. Next we present a viable recognition paradigm in which temporal trajectories of critical band spectral energies in individual critical bands are used to yield estimates of likelihood of phoneme classes. The relative success of this technique leads to discussion about auditory basis of human speech communication process. Overall, we argue against spectral envelope based linguistic code in communication by speech.
Together is better: strengthening the confidence of women in computer science via a learning community

The decreasing enrollment and high drop/fail rate of female students in introductory Computer Science (CS) courses over the last year, motivated us to create an integrated peer-and-mentor support group for female Information Technology (IT) students. The project aims at strengthening the confidence of female students by enveloping them in a community of learners. The design and implementation of the project is presented. Qualitative data showing its impact and potential is also discussed.
Near-Isothermal Dissipative Flow of Liquid He II at Supercritical Velocities

The past few years have seen the development of new equipment for transport [1], liquid-level control [2], and cooling [3] of superfluid liquid helium II (liquid He4 below the λ point). In these systems, mass transport of the liquid takes place in channels of various sizes. Accordingly, an optimization of flow conditions appears to be possible as soon as the flow resistances are characterized. The latter have been studied since the discovery of superfluidity with increasing emphasis on very accurate determination of the critical velocities where flow resistance begins to be observed [4–7]. In addition, flow resistances with nearly perfect isothermal wall conditions have been studied more recently in well-insulated narrow channels [8]. The elimination of insulation deficiencies is important in narrow channels (diameter, D < 10-3 cm) since it was noted that minute heat inputs may cause departures from flow resistances of channels with seemingly isothermal walls [9].
Human Y-chromatin: I. Dispersion and condensation

Abstract The fluorescent Y-body was observed to manifest striking variations in morphology in interphase lymphocyte and fibroblast nuclei. These variations appeared to be largely independent of the specific fixation or hypotonic treatment. The Y-chromatin body ranged from a highly condensed mass to a constellation of smaller discrete particles. Dispersion of Y-chromatin was not seen in mitotically inactive cells from buccal mucosa and hair root sheaths. Comparison of uncultured and cultured lymphocytes confirmed a higher proportion of dispersed Y-bodies in cultured cells, particularly those with a relatively large mean nuclear diameter. In serially cultured lymphocytes, the frequency of Y-body dispersion showed a direct relationship to the time in culture. Mean nuclear diameter also increased directly with time in culture. In cultured fibroblasts dispersion of the Y-body increased during the logarithmic phase of growth and declined during the post-logarithmic phase.
IV and CV Characteristics of Multifunctional Ilmenite-Hematite 0.67FeTiO 3 -0.33Fe 2 O 3

We investigated the IV and CV properties of an [(FeTiO3)0.67 (Fe2O3)0.33] epitaxial thin film. The four point probe (4pp) measurements revealed that the material has a linear IV relation and has a resistivity of approximately 0.56 ω cm. In contrast, the two point (2pp) measurements are highly non-linear suggesting the existence of Schottky barriers. The CV data suggest that the material under the contacts is depleted. From the corrected CV data, the carrier concentration is found to be of the order of 1023/cm3.
What Matters in College to Students: Critical Incidents in the Undergraduate Experience

This article advances that undergraduates are partners to higher education institutions in establishing the educational enterprise. Leaning on student relationship management as a theoretical construct and the critical incident technique as method, the study found 58 undergraduates’ interpersonal interactions with faculty, staff, and peers mattered most to their perceived relationships with their institutions. Implications for student affairs practice are offered.
How Much "Group" Is There in Online Group Work?

The ability to work in groups across time and space has become a frequent requirement for the workplace and is increasingly common in higher education, but there is a surprising lack of research on how online groups work. This research applies analytic approaches used in studies of face-to-face classroom “talk” to multiple groups in two online high school courses. We found two activities that demanded group problem-solving styles—one for deciding how to work as a group and a second for responding to the content of the assignment; that successful groups had directive leaders; and that most groups divided the labor, working in parallel rather than collaboratively.