cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developmental continuity in the processes that underlie spatial recall.

This study investigated whether childrens spatial recall performance shows three separable characteristics: (1) biases away from symmetry axes (geometric effects); (2) systematic drift over delays; and (3) biases toward the exemplar distribution experienced in the task (experience-dependent effects). In Experiment 1, the location of one target within each geometric category was varied. Childrens responses showed biases away from a midline axis that increased over delays. In Experiment 2, multiple targets were placed within each category at the same locations used in Experiment 1. After removing geometric effects, 6-year-olds—but not 11year-olds—responses were biased toward the average remembered location over learning. In Experiment 3, children responded to one target more frequently than the others. Both 6and 11-year-olds showed biases toward the most frequent target over learning. These results provide a bridge between the performance of younger children and adults, demonstrating continuity in the processes that underlie spatial memory abilities across development. 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Religion as Context: Hellfire and Delinquency One More Time*

More than 10 years ago the author proposed a contextual-interactional explanation of the fact that research done on the West Coast fails to find a relationship between religious commitment and delinquency, while studies done elsewhere invariably find a strong negatit)e correlation. Unfortunately, because of various deficiencies, subsequent studies that claimed to test the contextual explanation have not done so-leaving the literature more confused than ever. In an effort to clarify matters, this paper carefully restates the contextual thee and then tests it on data from a ve7y large survey of high school seniors. The results demonstrate the erastence of a very potent contextual effect.
Adaptive tracking for a mobile robot

A novel technique for adaptive tracking in indoor lighting environments based on Chebyshev's theorem is presented. The technique is used to recover the region corresponding to an artificial landmark accurately and efficiently through a sequence of images. Accurate region segmentation is the first step in determining the position of a mobile robot relative to a landmark. Nonadaptive region tracking techniques are susceptible to even small variations in indoor illumination and as a result may return degraded regions. An adaptive feedforward technique is necessary to combat this degradation, which is measured in terms of preservation of the centroid, region size, and visual erosion. This technique has been tested successfully using black and white images acquired from a mobile robot. Demonstrations of the adaptive tracking technique working in conjunction with the move-to-goal and follow-the-leader behaviors on the mobile robot are presented. >
Ancillary studies in EUS-FNA for solid pancreatic masses

Abstract Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and its guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) has changed paradigm of managing patients with pancreatic cancer. Morphologic diagnosis of pancreatic cancer on limited FNA material is inherently difficult. Furthermore, EUS-FNA samples are often bloody and are admixed with gastrointestinal tract epithelium, which adds to the complexity in interpretation. Indeterminate diagnoses on pancreatic FNA often delays definitive therapy for patients. In such instances, ancillary may further aid in supporting or confirming diagnosis of malignancy. Several immunohistochemical markers such as mesothelin, S100A as well as SMAD4 have been investigated to support diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. Recently, multiprobe FISH analysis, microRNA and high throughput technologies are increasingly being used to provide precision medicine. Immunolabeling by markers such as Beta catenin, CD10 and E-Cadherin is increasingly being used to distinguish pancreatic endocrine neoplasm from solid pseudo papillary neoplasm. This review will highlight some of these ancillary studies helpful in diagnosis of solid pancreatic neoplasms.
Exploring Voice in Business Writing

Many upper division business courses focus on applying the concepts and techniques studied throughout the undergraduate curriculum. The case method, which is often used to teach upper division business courses, exposes students to complex situations, aids in developing their analytical skills, and provides students with an opportunity to offer integrative solutions. An assortment of writing assignments for these case courses can enhance learning. Writing business memos and reports from a variety of organizational perspectives and to a number of organizational audiences enables students to explore the realities of crafting business documents meant to communicate and convince. The use of various perspectives and audiences challenges students to recognize the impact of organizational position in creating and maintaining a voice when writing.
Noninvasive Arterial Testing in Patients With Diabetes: A Guide for Foot and Ankle Surgeons

Background:This study was designed to compare the findings of noninvasive arterial testing in patients with and without diabetic foot pathology.Methods:The ABI (ankle brachial index), TBI (toe brac...
Racial Equality Without Equal Employment Opportunity? Lessons from a Labor Market for Professional Athletes

One rationale for Equal Employment Opportunity legislation and its enforcement is that market forces alone are insufficient to counteract discriminatory effects in labor markets. Whether highly competitive markets diminish the extent of invidious outcomes for minorities is a question that deserves rigorous empirical scrutiny. This chapter uses data from a professional labor market, that for major league baseball players, to examine the competition-equality hypothesis. While this market is relatively small, it contains both cross-sectional and longitudinal variation in the degree of effective market competition. The findings show that minorities are in a better position relative to whites when labor market competition is more intense. However, this outcome is itself a contingent one: It only operates for a subset of players who are in ‘non-central’ positions, i.e. position players. Finally, the existence of high levels of competition in the baseball labor market is itself a phenomenon that is enacted and sustained within a web of rules, agreements, and negotiations.
Reactor Containment and Environmental Considerations

The environmental problems associated with the economic location and operation of nuclear power plants are outlined. These problems are solved by requiring that such plants meet criteria proposed to protect the health and welfare of the public. The means of meeting these criteria are developed historically. It is shown that as requirements became more stringent, changes in philosophy from extreme conservatism to moderate realism were necessary in both analytical assessment of the hazard and design approaches. Current success in coping with environmental considerations leads to the possibility of locating such plants within areas of large population concentrations. Assumptions now possible as a result of intensive experimental and analytical programs together with design innovations have reduced the old damage potential estimates. These, originally conservatively high by a factor of 10\U7\N, are now only high by a factor of 10\U2\N. A further reduction by a factor of 10 appears to be possible in the future.
Coded aperture coherent scatter imaging for breast cancer detection: a Monte Carlo evaluation

It is known that conventional x-ray imaging provides a maximum contrast between cancerous and healthy fibroglandular breast tissues of 3% based on their linear x-ray attenuation coefficients at 17.5 keV, whereas coherent scatter signal provides a maximum contrast of 19% based on their differential coherent scatter cross sections. Therefore in order to exploit this potential contrast, we seek to evaluate the performance of a coded- aperture coherent scatter imaging system for breast cancer detection and investigate its accuracy using Monte Carlo simulations. In the simulations we modeled our experimental system, which consists of a raster-scanned pencil beam of x-rays, a bismuth-tin coded aperture mask comprised of a repeating slit pattern with 2-mm periodicity, and a linear-array of 128 detector pixels with 6.5-keV energy resolution. The breast tissue that was scanned comprised a 3-cm sample taken from a patient-based XCAT breast phantom containing a tomosynthesis- based realistic simulated lesion. The differential coherent scatter cross section was reconstructed at each pixel in the image using an iterative reconstruction algorithm. Each pixel in the reconstructed image was then classified as being either air or the type of breast tissue with which its normalized reconstructed differential coherent scatter cross section had the highest correlation coefficient. Comparison of the final tissue classification results with the ground truth image showed that the coded aperture imaging technique has a cancerous pixel detection sensitivity (correct identification of cancerous pixels), specificity (correctly ruling out healthy pixels as not being cancer) and accuracy of 92.4%, 91.9% and 92.0%, respectively. Our Monte Carlo evaluation of our experimental coded aperture coherent scatter imaging system shows that it is able to exploit the greater contrast available from coherently scattered x-rays to increase the accuracy of detecting cancerous regions within the breast.
Economic Benefit of a Novel Intensivist Coverage in a Surgical ICU

Objective. To assess the cost implications of changing the ICU staffing model from a mandatory 24-hour in-house critical care specialist presence to a 16-hour coverage model with external supervision. Design. A pre–post comparison was undertaken among the prospectively assessed cohorts of patients admitted to our surgical ICU over a period of 3 years. Our data were stratified by case mixed index. Costs were modeled using a generalized linear model with log-link and gamma-distributed errors. Setting. Tertiary medical facility. Patients. All patients admitted to the adult surgical intensive care unit during the study period of June 2007 to April 2013. Intervention. Changing the ICU staffing model from a mandatory 24/7 in-house critical care specialist presence to a 16/7 model with robotic rounding in off hours. Results. A total cost model was calculated and evaluated. Total cost estimates of hospitalization were calculated for each patient. Length of stay and mortality were evaluated. Adjusted mean total co...
Models for Ground-Water Pollution Management

Combined simulation-management models are being developed for determining optimal operating policies for ground-water pollution management subject to physical, chemical, economic or social constraints. In the hydraulic management approach, pollution is managed through control of ground-water gradients or of recharge and discharge as determined using the results from a ground-water simulation-management model. In the pollution source management approach, one manages concentrations, amounts or locations of pollution sources using the results from a solute-transport simulation-management model. Hypothetical examples are used to illustrate such models using both the embedding method and the response matrix method.
Interior Structural Tailoring of Cu2O Shell-in-Shell Nanostructures through Multistep Ostwald Ripening

We report a multistep Ostwald ripening approach through which the interior multilayer structures of a Cu2O shell-in-shell nanoparticle can be controllably tailored. Using this method, we can fine-control several important geometrical parameters of Cu2O multilayer nanoshells, such as the number of layers, the thickness of each shell, and the intershell spacing, to systematically fine-tune the synergistic optical properties of the particles over a broad spectral range in the visible and near-infrared regions. We have performed Mie scattering theory calculations to interpret the origin of the complex, multipeaked extinction spectral line shapes and geometry-dependent optical tunability of the Cu2O multilayer nanoshells.
Characteristics of U.S. Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities Offering HIV Services: Results From a National Survey

Objective:Substance use disorders are common among persons with HIV/AIDS. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of the provision of four HIV services in a national sample of substance abuse treatment facilities.Methods:Data were from the 2011 National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services.Results:Prevalence estimates indicated that 28% of facilities offered HIV testing, 26% early intervention, 58% HIV/AIDS education, and 8% special programs for HIV/AIDS. Facilities offering inpatient substance abuse care were more than six times as likely to offer HIV testing but not more likely to offer any other type of HIV service. Facilities offering methadone treatment were 2.5 times more likely to offer HIV services.Conclusions:Given the high rates of substance use among persons with HIV, the prevalence of facilities offering HIV services was low in most domains, with different barriers identified in multivariable models. Integrating comprehensive HIV prevention, testing, and support services into...
Pancreatic β-Cell Death due to Pdx-1 Deficiency Requires Multi-BH Domain Protein Bax but Not Bak

Diabetes develops in Pdx1-haploinsufficient mice due to an increase in β-cell death leading to reduced β-cell mass and decreased insulin secretion. Knockdown of Pdx1 gene expression in mouse MIN6 insulinoma cells induced apoptotic cell death with an increase in Bax activation and knockdown of Bax reduced apoptotic β-cell death. In Pdx1 haploinsufficient mice, Bax ablation in β-cells increased β-cell mass, decreased the number of TUNEL positive cells and improved glucose tolerance after glucose challenge. These changes were not observed with Bak ablation in Pdx1-haploinsufficient mice. These results suggest that Bax mediates β-cell apoptosis in Pdx1-deficient diabetes.
18 CLINICAL VIGNETTE: TAIL PAIN CAUSES TAIL SPIN.

Objective To remind pediatricians of the increasing incidence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) and its many dangerous complications. Case A 4-year-old girl presented with a 5-day history of her "tail hurting, " causing difficulty sitting in her car seat and 3 days of high fevers. No history of recent trauma, infections, or sick contacts. PMH: No hospitalizations, surgeries, medications, or pertinent family or social history. PE: Ill-appearing girl, T 103, P 129, RR 24, O2 saturation of 96% on 4L O2, clear lungs, normal heart sounds without a rub, diffuse abdominal tenderness without hepatosplenomegaly, extremities with edema of her left gluteal area with exquisite tenderness but without any overlying erythema or skin lesions. Labs: WBC 9.4 with 40% bands, hematocrit 29.3, and ESR of 87. Electrolytes, coagulation studies, and urinalysis were normal. CXR showed small left pleural effusion. Bone scan and hip ultrasound were negative. MRI showed psoas and gluteal myositis without abscess. Hospital Course: The patient9s blood cultures grew MRSA and she deteriorated despite treatment with IV vancomycin/gentamicin. Over the next 2 weeks her complications included pyomyositis of her left gluteal region, osteomyelitis of the left femur, septic arthritis of the left hip, pneumonia, pleural effusions, multiple abscesses, and a large pericardial effusion. She required 2 weeks on the ventilator, a pericardial window, chest tube, surgical drainage of the pyomyositis and multiple abscesses, and a laparoscopy. The patient was discharged home with linezolid after a 1 month. Discussion While the majority MRSA sepsis cases originate in hospitalized patients, recent epidemiologic studies in various states have demonstrated an alarming increase in CA-MRSA infections with rates ranging from 12-49% in some pediatric series. The previously healthy girl presented here had no clear exposure risks and her hospital course illustrated many of the complications that can occur from this organism. This patient9s presenting symptoms and physical exam were caused by pyomyositis, which is rarely seen in the USA except in immunocompromised patients. Due to the rising frequency of CA-MRSA, physicians must be prepared to diagnose and treat this infection aggressively in an attempt to prevent the significant morbidity described above as well as its associated mortality.
Epidemiological Investigation of HIV/AIDS Transmission within Family among the Married Immigrant Women in Rural Areas

[Objective]To understand the infection status and epidemiological characteristics of HIV among the married immigrant women in rural areas of Xinyang city in Henan province.[Methods]Comprehensive questionnaire investigation was conducted among the immigrant women,the HIV infected people and their families in Xinyang city.[Results]Among the 374 immigrant women in the city,33 people were found infected with HIV(8.82%),some of which came from AIDS epidemic provinces or nations,8 from Burma,7 from Vietnam,14 from Yunnan,3 from Guangxi and one from Chongqing;9 husbands and 4 children were infected.[Conclusion]Some married immigrant women are infected with HIV;HIV/AIDS surveillance,health education,behavior intervention and follow-up investigation should be strengthened among this population in order to prevent the cross-generation transmission.
Synthesis, Cycloaddition, and Cycloreversion Reactions of Mononuclear Titanocene–oxo Complexes

Titanocene–oxo complexes of the type Cpx2Ti═O(L) (Cpx = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl; tetramethylcyclopentadienyl; L = pyridine or derivatives) are synthesized from the corresponding titanocene–ethylene complexes via oxidation with pyridine N-oxides or styrene oxide. These oxo complexes react with alkynes, nitriles, and α,β-unsaturated carbonyls to form titanacycles, which undergo exchange reactions with organic substrates or react with 4-dimethylaminopyridine to regenerate the titanocene–oxo. Mechanistic experiments support a dissociative mechanism in which the first step is rate-determining retrocycloaddition followed by trapping of the reactive [Cpx2Ti═O] species. In the case of the retro-[4+2]-cycloaddition from dioxatitanacyclohexene complexes, a Hammett study gives ρ values of −1.18 and −1.04 for substituents on two different phenyl rings on the metallacycles, suggesting positive charge buildup and a slightly asynchronous cycloreversion in the rate-determining step.
Successful treatment of mitral valve endocarditis in a dog associated with ‘Actinomyces canis-like’ infection

Infective endocarditis, an inflammation of the endocardial surface due to invasion by an infectious agent, is more common in middle sized to large breed dogs. We herein report a case of mitral valve endocarditis in a 9-year-old male-castrated Weimaraner caused by an Actinomyces canis-like bacterium, not previously reported in association with infection in dogs.
Diabetes and obesity prevention: changing the food environment in low-income settings.

Innovative approaches are needed to impact obesity and other diet-related chronic diseases, including interventions at the environmental and policy levels. Such interventions are promising due to their wide reach. This article reports on 10 multilevel community trials that the present authors either led (n = 8) or played a substantial role in developing (n = 2) in low-income minority settings in the United States and other countries that test interventions to improve the food environment, support policy, and reduce the risk for developing obesity and other diet-related chronic diseases. All studies examined change from pre- to postintervention and included a comparison group. The results show the trials had consistent positive effects on consumer psychosocial factors, food purchasing, food preparation, and diet, and, in some instances, obesity. Recently, a multilevel, multicomponent intervention was implemented in the city of Baltimore that promises to impact obesity in children, and, potentially, diabetes and related chronic diseases among adults. Based on the results of these trials, this article offers a series of recommendations to contribute to the prevention of chronic disease in Mexico. Further work is needed to disseminate, expand, and sustain these initiatives at the city, state, and federal levels.
Characterizing multispectral vertical profiles of aerosol extinction with surface-based measurements

This paper links surface-based particle counts, meteorological observations, and a validated atmospheric radiative transfer code, to yield multispectral quantifications of aerosol optical depth, transmission, and vertical extinction regardless of clouds, weather or sun position.
Modeling Passive Mode-Locking via Saturable Absorption in Graphene Using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method

An approach for modeling the dynamic saturable absorption of graphene using the finite-difference time-domain method is presented. In particular, this paper focuses on sub-picosecond pulse formation in a passively mode-locked semiconductor laser. The dynamics and the saturability of the gain and absorption are described by a carrier rate equation. The carrier dynamics are coupled to the electromagnetic field through an effective current density. All parameters of the graphene dynamics are obtained from reported experimental measurements. Using this numerical method, the dependence of output intensity and pulse width on input current density, graphene location, and cavity size is investigated. We find that pulse widths in the range 100–200 fs can be reliably generated with peak output intensities of around 0.15 mW/ $\mu \text{m}^{2}$ . The optimal placement of the graphene layer in the cavity is strongly dependent on the standing wave pattern near the mirror. We found that cavities as small as 30 $\mu \text{m}$ still support stable pulse formation.
Driver acceptance of adaptive cruise control and active lane keeping in five production vehicles

Little is known about how consumers interact with driving automation technology that controls steering, speed, or headway in production vehicles. Forty-eight Insurance Institute for Highway Safety ...
Socioeconomic Status and Racism as Fundamental Causes of Street Criminality

The theory of fundamental causes in medical sociology identifies socioeconomic status and racism as fundamental causes of disease and health disparities. We draw on this theory to argue that socioeconomic status and racism are also fundamental causes of violent and property crime. In line with the theory, we argue that criminology should pay increased attention to socioeconomic status and racism for the most far-reaching reductions in street criminality to be achieved.
Ca-ATPase activity in the rabbit and bovine lens

Membrane-rich vesicle preparations of rabbit and bovine lenses were prepared in such a manner as to preserve ATPase activity. The Iipid:protein ratio of these preparations was increased 22- to 33-fold with a 94% recovery of total phospholipid. Using this preparation, calcium stimulated ATPase was routinely determined in both individual lenses and in pooled specimens. The pattern of stimulation of ATPase activity by a range of calcium concentrations was found to be similar in membrane preparations of epithelium and cortex, from rabbit and bovine lenses. The concentration of calcium necessary for half-maximal stimulation of ATPase activity was approximately 10~ 6 M. Calcium concentrations in excess of 10~ 4 M reduced the ATPase activity. Calcium-ATPase was undetectable in the lens nuclear region of both species. The regional distribution of sodium-potassium ATPase was also measured. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 29:982-987,1988 The concentration of freely diffusible calcium in the lens cytoplasm is 100-1000 times lower than the level in the surrounding aqueous humor. 1 " 3 In 70% of human cataracts the intracellular calcium and sodium concentrations in the lenses are dramatically elevated. 4 " 6 While deranged monovalent cation concentrations in the lens are recognized to be deleterious because they cause osmotic swelling, the effect of elevated lenticular calcium levels is no less harmful to lens function. 7 Calcium may cause lens opacity in a number of ways, for example, by interacting with cytoplasmic proteins, 8 " 10 altering Na-K-ATPase activity," or by activating proteases or lipases in the lens. 12 " 14 It is probable that calcium leaks into the lens, and the inward leak is balanced by an active extrusion mechanism, most likely a calcium-stimulated ATPase. There is evidence for calcium-stimulated ATPase activity in the lens. 15 " 17 Hightower et al 16 showed CaATPase activity to be prominent in the lens epithelium, but low or nonexistent in the lens cortex and nucleus. The detection of membrane Ca-ATPase in the lens cortex and nucleus homogenates is complicated by the large amount of nonmembrane crystallin proteins present which can interfere with the activation of Ca-ATPase and its detection.
Phenotypes of Liver Diseases in Infants, Children, and Adolescents

Liver disease in childhood is rare and is frequently the cause of dismay as the medical care provider attempts to recall the myriad of diagnoses that they read about during their training but may never have encountered. The aim of this chapter is to describe hepatic disease phenotypes based on age and primary manifestation of liver disease such as cholestasis, hepatomegaly, or acute liver failure and to provide a reasonably comprehensive list of hepatic diseases that may present with the clinical phenotypes. The hope is to help primary medical providers determine the differential diagnosis and thus guide early studies and appropriate referral and pediatric gastroenterologists and trainees to determine a comprehensive differential diagnosis for their patients on which to base a rational work-up and management plan. Our patients range from day-old premature infants to 18-year-old postpubescent teens and from seemingly healthy children in the outpatient clinic to profoundly sick infants in ICU on life support. The best way to determine a diagnosis safely and efficiently is to develop a deep understanding of the pathophysiology of liver disease, but even for the most experienced, a checklist of diagnostic possibilities may be helpful to ensure no oversights.
Coarse sediment storage and connectivity and off-highway vehicle use, Board Camp Creek, Arkansas

Abstract Upper Board Camp Creek (BCC) in western Arkansas drains the Wolf Pen Gap (WPG) Trail Complex, a designated Off-Highway Vehicle (OHV) area in use since the 1990s. The mixed bedrock-alluvial channel is quite active, with extensive bars and eroding banks present within the higher-order, main-valley channels. This study was conducted to determine the relative magnitudes of sediment storage and production within the channel, and whether geomorphic changes are synchronous with establishment and increasing OHV use levels on the trail system. Fourteen geomorphically active reaches within the main-valley channels, representing the range of conditions of BCC within the WPG complex, were examined in detail. All sites had significant alluvial storage in the form of point, lateral, or mid-channel bars dominated by cobble and gravel. Sediment storage volumes ranged from 140 to nearly 10,000 m3 per kilometer of channel, with a mean of about 3400. Eleven of 14 reaches also had actively eroding banks. Ten reaches (71%) exhibited net sediment storage. Two are possible net sources, and two may be in approximate steady state (storage ≈ erosion). The imbalance between local bank erosion sources and in-channel storage, and the evidence of activity and mobility of most of the bars indicates a connected system, with coarse sediment mobile during banktop flow events, and no evidence of sediment starvation. Finer (
High Efficiency Bandwidth Electrically Small Antennas for Compact Wireless Communication Systems

The RF bandwidth of systems that are constrained into electrically small volumes are often limited to the resonance bandwidth dictated by the radiation quality-factor of the antenna according to Chu’s limit. Still, many systems, both legacy and emerging, such as in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for applications in the Internet of Things (IoT), require the ability to communicate amongst various systems that may not contain the available electrical volume to support conventional transmission of desired signals. We propose a novel electrically small antenna enabled through Direct Antenna Modulation (DAM). The design of the system utilizes a capacitively loaded loop antenna (CLLA) integrated with symmetrical high-power and high figure-of-merit (FOM) GaN transistors that optimally modulate an input BFSK signal to allow for high-bandwidth radiation, despite the radiation Q-factor of the antenna. The system was prototyped and measured, achieving a 47 efficiency-bandwidth product improvement over a conventional CLLA, surpassing aforementioned limits.
MPI World Education Congress (WEC) 2019: Stop planning meetings. Start designing shared experiences

AbstractThe Meeting Professionals International’s (MPI) annual World Education Congress (WEC) 2019 was held in Toronto, Canada on June 15-18, 2019. About 2,600 meeting and event professionals inclu...
Derivation of Magnetic Dipole Field by Inductance

The distant magnetic field of a magnetic dipole is usually derived via the magnetic vector potential and substantial vector calculus. This paper presents an alternate proof that is less mathematically intensive, and that ties together various problem-solving tricks (the principle of virtual work, observation that only instantaneous quantities matter and reciprocity of mutual inductance), functioning as an instructional exercise.
Mobile Application Security Using Static and Dynamic Analysis

The mobile applications have overtaken web applications in the rapid growing of the mobile app market. As mobile application development environment is open source, it attracts new inexperienced developers to gain hands-on experience with application development. However, the data security and vulnerable coding practice are two major issues. Among all mobile operating systems including iOS (by Apple), Android (by Google) and Blackberry (RIM), Android remains the dominant OS on a global scale. The majority of malicious mobile attacks take advantage of vulnerabilities in mobile applications, such as sensitive data leakage via the inadvertent or side channel, unsecured sensitive data storage, data transition and many others. Most of these vulnerabilities can be detected during mobile application analysis phase. In this chapter, we explored some existing vulnerability detection tools available for static and dynamic analysis and hands-on exploration of using them to detect vulnerabilities. We suggest that there is a need of new tools within the development environment for security analysis in the process of application development.
Automated Procedure Logs for Cardiology Fellows: A New Training Paradigm in the Era of Electronic Health Records

Background Procedural experience for residents and fellows is critical for achieving competence, and documentation of procedures performed is required. Procedure logs serve as the record of this experience, but are commonly generated manually, require substantial administrative effort, and cannot be corroborated for accuracy. Objective We developed and implemented a structured clinical-educational report template (CERT), which automatically generates procedure logs directly from the clinical record. Methods Our CERT aimed to replace the post-procedure note template for our cardiac catheterization laboratory and was incorporated into the electronic health record system. Numbers of documented procedures in automated CERT-derived procedure logs over a 1-year post-intervention period (2018-2019) were compared to manual logs and corrected for clinical volume changes. The CERT's impact on fellowship experience was also assessed. Results Automated CERT procedure logs increased weekly procedural documentation over manual procedure logs for total procedures (24.2 ± 6.1 vs 17.1 ± 6.8, P = .007), left heart catheterizations (14.5 ± 3.6 vs 10.8 ± 4.2, P = .039), total procedural elements (40.2 ± 11.4 versus 20.9 ± 12.5, P < .001), and captured procedural details not previously documented. The CERT also reduced self-reported administrative time and improved fellowship experience. Conclusions A novel CERT allows procedure logs to be automatically derived from the clinical record and increased the number of documented procedures, compared to manual logging. This innovation ensures an accurate record of procedural experience and reduces self-reported non-educational administrative time for cardiology fellows.
Anxiety Sensitivity Moderates the Impact of COVID-19 Perceived Stress on Anxiety and Functional Impairment.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound negative impact on mental health symptoms and daily life functioning across the United States and worldwide. Past work has revealed that perceived stress relates to poorer outcomes, however, little work to date has examined factors that may exacerbate these outcomes, and no work to date has examined this relation in terms of COVID-19. Anxiety sensitivity is a promising individual difference factor that has shown to be related to mental health and functional impairment. Anxiety Sensitivity is also a vulnerability factor related to heightened stress perception. Therefore, the current study sought to examine the potential moderating role of anxiety sensitivity in the relation between COVID-19 specific perceived stress and global anxiety symptom severity, anxious arousal symptom severity, and functional impairment among 563 adults (58.1% male; Mage = 38.3 years; SD = 12.15). Results indicated a statistically significant interaction between COVID-19 perceived stress and anxiety sensitivity with global anxiety symptom severity, anxious arousal symptom severity, and functional impairment. Post-hoc analysis indicated that COVID-19 perceived stress was associated with an increased likelihood of clinically significant global anxiety symptom severity and anxious arousal symptom severity at higher levels of anxiety sensitivity. The current study provides support for the role of anxiety sensitivity in identifying individuals at risk for clinically significant global anxiety symptom severity and anxious arousal symptom severity.
Anatomy and Eugenics: A Case Study of Stasis and Change in Classificatory Structures

Digital collections are described and placed into order. However, there is no guarantee that order will remain intact. Classification schemes change over time. What then is the nature and impact of such changes on the practice of classification? Can we learn from 140 years of classification work that could inform the design of systems that can accommodate change?
Comparative genomics of the ADA clade within the Nostocales.

Abstract The ADA clade of Nostocales cyanobacteria, a group that is prominent in current harmful algal bloom events, now includes over 40 genome sequences with the recent addition of sixteen novel sequenced genomes (Dreher et al., Harmful Algae, 2021). Fourteen genomes are complete (closed), enabling highly detailed assessments of gene content and genome architecture. ADA genomes contain 5 rRNA operons, genes expected to support a photoautotrophic and diazotrophic lifestyle, and a varied array of genes for the synthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites. Genes for the production of the taste-and-odor compound geosmin and the four major classes of cyanotoxins — anatoxin-a, cylindrospermopsin, microcystin and saxitoxin — are represented in members of the ADA clade. Notably, the gene array for the synthesis of cylindrospermopsin by Dolichospermum sp. DET69 was located on a plasmid, raising the possibility of facile horizontal transmission. However, genes supporting independent conjugative transfer of this plasmid are lacking. Further, analysis of genomic loci containing this and other cyanotoxin gene arrays shows evidence that these arrays have long-term stability and do not appear to be genomic islands easily capable of horizontal transmission to other cells. There is considerable diversity in the gene complements of individual ADA genomes, including the variable presence of physiologically important genes: genomes in three species-level subclades lack the gas vesicle genes that facilitate a planktonic lifestyle, and, surprisingly, the genome of Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi CHARLIE-1, a reported diazotroph, lacks the genes for nitrogen fixation. Notably, phylogenetically related genomes possess limited synteny, indicating a prominent role for chromosome rearrangements during ADA strain evolution. The genomes contain abundant insertion sequences and repetitive transposase genes, which could be the main drivers of genome rearrangement through active transposition and homologous recombination. No prophages were found, and no evidence of viral infection was observed in the bloom population samples from which the genomes discussed here were derived. Phages thus seem to have a limited influence on ADA evolution.
How do fire behavior and fuel consumption vary between dormant and early growing season prescribed burns in the southern Appalachian Mountains

Despite the widespread use of prescribed fire throughout much of the southeastern USA, temporal considerations of fire behavior and its effects often remain unclear. Opportunities to burn within prescriptive meteorological windows vary seasonally and along biogeographical gradients, particularly in mountainous terrain where topography can alter fire behavior. Managers often seek to expand the number of burn days available to accomplish their management objectives, such as hazardous fuel reduction, control of less desired vegetation, and wildlife habitat establishment and maintenance. For this study, we compared prescribed burns conducted in the dormant and early growing seasons in the southern Appalachian Mountains to evaluate how burn outcomes may be affected by environmental factors related to season of burn. The early growing season was defined as the narrow phenological window between bud break and full leaf-out. Proportion of plot area burned, surface fuel consumption, and time-integrated thermocouple heating were quantified and evaluated to determine potential relationships with fuel moisture and topographic and meteorological variables. Our results suggested that both time-integrated thermocouple heating and its variability were greater in early growing season burns than in dormant season burns. These differences were noted even though fuel consumption did not vary by season of burn. The variability of litter consumption and woody fuelbed height reduction were greater in dormant season burns than in early growing season burns. Warmer air temperatures and lower fuel moisture, interacting with topography, likely contributed to these seasonal differences and resulted in more burn coverage in early growing season burns than in dormant season burns. Dormant season and early growing season burns in southern Appalachian forests consumed similar amounts of fuel where fire spread. Notwithstanding, warmer conditions in early growing season burns are likely to result in fire spread to parts of the landscape left unburnt in dormant season burns. We conclude that early growing season burns may offer a viable option for furthering the pace and scale of prescribed fire to achieve management objectives.
Triggering and modulation of geyser eruptions in Yellowstone National Park by earthquakes, earth tides, and weather

We analyze intervals between eruptions (IBEs) data acquired between 2001 and 2011 at Daisy and Old Faithful geysers in Yellowstone National Park. We focus our statistical analysis on the response of these geysers to stress perturbations from within the solid earth (earthquakes and earth tides) and from weather (air pressure and temperature, precipitation, and wind). We conclude that (1) the IBEs of these geysers are insensitive to periodic stresses induced by solid earth tides and barometric pressure variations; (2) Daisy (pool geyser) IBEs lengthen by evaporation and heat loss in response to large wind storms and cold air; and (3) Old Faithful (cone geyser) IBEs are not modulated by air temperature and pressure variations, wind, and precipitation, suggesting that the subsurface water column is decoupled from the atmosphere. Dynamic stress changes of 0.1−0.2 MPa resulting from the 2002 M-7.9 Denali, Alaska, earthquake surface waves caused a statistically significant shortening of Daisy geyser's IBEs. Stresses induced by other large global earthquakes during the study period were at least an order of magnitude smaller. In contrast, dynamic stresses of >0.5 MPa from three large regional earthquakes in 1959, 1975, and 1983 caused lengthening of Old Faithful's IBEs. We infer that most subannual geyser IBE variability is dominated by internal processes and interaction with other geysers. The results of this study provide quantitative bounds on the sensitivity of hydrothermal systems to external stress perturbations and have implications for studying the triggering and modulation of volcanic eruptions by external forces.
Limitations of the IEEE pulse standards and suggested improvements

IEEE Std 194 assumes that the polarity of a pulse being measured is known to the user who wishes to extract its parameters. It is pointed out that this is often not the case when the only information about the signal in question is contained in a waveform record. The author proposes an unambiguous depiction of the record as a train of transitions allowing the extraction of 'pulselike' parameters. The transitions are identified as to their slope polarities, that is 'rising' and 'falling'. It is noted that many of these terms have already been established for years and need to be formally made part of IEEE Std 194. >
Behavioral Measures of Aircrew Mental Workload

Behavioral research literature pertaining to the measurement of aircrew workload was classified into general categories of subjective opinion, spare mental capacity, and primary task metrics. Fourt...
The Grief of Influence: Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes

INTRODUCTION 1. Affinities and Assimilations 2. Secret Anxieties 3. The Other Two 4. Colonial Contexts 5. The Early Dialogue 6. Disarming the Enemy 7. Tracking the Thought-Fox 8. Hughes's Plath 9. Crow and Counter-revision 10. The Old Factory Demolished: Wodwo to Moortown 11. Fixed Stars: Birthday Letters BIBLIOGRAPHY
KINETIC AND THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS ON OH ADDITION TO ETHYLENE : ADDUCT FORMATION, ISOMERIZATION, AND ISOMER DISSOCIATIONS

Reaction pathways and kinetics are analyzed as function of temperature and pressure on formation and reactions of the adduct resulting from OH addition to ethylene. Ab initio methods are used to determine thermodynamic properties of intermediate radicals, transition states (TS) and vinyl alcohol. Enthalpies of formation (ΔHf°298 in kcal/mol) are determined for C·H2CH2OH, CH3CH2O•, and CH2CHOH using CBS-q//MP2(full)/6-31G(d,p) and G2 methods with isodesmic reactions, where zero point vibrational energies (ZPVE) and thermal correction to 298.15 K are incorporated. ΔHf°298 of TS's are determined for (H atom shift), CH3CHO−H (β-scission to form acetaldehyde + H), CH3−CH2O (β-scission to form formaldehyde + methyl radical) and CH2CHOH−H (β-scission to form vinyl alcohol + H) using CBS-q//MP2(full)/6-31G(d,p) and G2 methods. Entropies (S°298 in cal/mol K) and heat capacities (Cp(T) 300 ≤ T/K ≤ 1500 in cal/mol K) are determined using geometric parameters and scaled vibrational frequencies obtained at the MP2(ful...
Comparative Safety of Therapies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototypic autoimmune disease with diverse clinical manifestations, affecting virtually all organ systems. A wide variety of medications are used for treatment, depending on organ involvement and severity. This article summarizes the adverse effects associated with different drugs currently used to treat SLE.
Specificity and psychosocial correlates of blood/injury fear and fainting.

Abstract Psychosocial characteristics and correlates of blood/injury (B/I) fear and fainting were investigated in a group of 429 students. A history of B/I fainting was reported by 14.5% of subjects with no gender differential and fainters were more likely than non-fainters to have other family members who also fainted. Females reported significantly greater B/I fear, general fear, anxiety sensitivity and empathy. Fainters reported greater B/I fear, anxiety sensitivity and personal distress. Among fainters, those who avoided activities due to fainting showed a significantly earlier age of fainting onset, greater anxiety sensitivity and empathic concern. The Mutilation Questionnaire was found to be composed of at least two independent fear dimensions; one relates to the B/I fear and fainting relationship and the other relates to more general fearfulness.
The use of allograft bone in spine surgery: is it safe?

Abstract Background context Allograft bone is commonly used in various spinal surgeries. The large amount of recalled allograft tissue, particularly in recent years, has increased concerns regarding the safety of allograft bone for spinal surgery. An analysis of allograft recall and its safety in spinal surgery has not been reported previously. Purpose To determine 1) the number and types of allograft recall and the reasons for recall, 2) the types of disease transmission to spine patients, and 3) assess the safety of allograft bone in spinal surgery. Study design/setting Retrospective review. Methods A retrospective review of all Food and Drug Administration (FDA) data from 1994 to June 2007 was reviewed to determine the amount and types of recalled allograft tissue. The literature and data from the Center for Disease Control were reviewed to determine the number and types of disease transmissions from allograft bone that have occurred to spine surgery patients during the study period. Results There were 59,476 musculoskeletal allograft tissue specimens recalled by FDA during the study period, which accounts for 96.5% of all allograft tissue recalled in the United States. Improper donor evaluation, contamination, and recipient infections are the main reasons for allograft recall. There has been one case of human immunodeficiency virus infection transmission to a spine surgery patient in 1988. This is the only reported case of viral transmission. There are no reports of bacterial disease transmission from the use of allograft bone to spine surgery patients. Conclusions The precise number of allografts used in spine surgery annually and the precise incidence of disease transmission to spine surgery patients linked to the use of allograft tissue is unknown. Musculoskeletal allograft tissue accounts for the majority of recalled tissue by FDA. Despite the large number of allograft recalls in this country, there is only one documented case in the literature of disease transmission to a spine surgery patient. There appears to be no overt risk associated with the use of allograft bone in spine surgery. However, as discussed in this article, there are certain aspects regarding the use of allograft bone that should be considered.