cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Single coronary artery complicating repair of pulmonic stenosis.

supplied an appreciable amount of anterior and inferior left ventricular myocardium. Dunn et al.’ found that exercise-induced ST segment elevation in ECG leads V, or aVL was highly specific for the presence of LAD coronary artery stenosis and reversible anterior wall myocardial ischemia. Alternatively, we cannot exclude the possibility that coexistent coronary vasospasm superimposed on a critical coronary stenosis was responsible for the observed exercise-induced ST segment elevation, although there were no associated clinical features or abnormal ST segment shifts during ambulatory ECG monitoring to support this. Weiner et al6 have previously described exercise-induced ST segment elevation during the recovery phase of exercise testing in four patients with variant angina, two of whom had associated fixed coronary stenoses. Three of their patients exhibited ST segment depression during exercise, and ST segment elevation was not observed until 2 or 3 minutes after the cessation of exercise.6 We hypothesize that this patient developed subendocardial &hernia manifested by ST segment depression at a significant level of exercise (rate-pressure product 25,000), which rapidly progressed to “silent” transmural myocardial ischemia at maximal exercise and early into recovery. Undoubtedly, the exercise test was continued beyond the point of diagnostic ischemic ST segment changes because of the patient’s asymptomatic status. The subsequent appearance of marked anterior wall ST segment elevation delineated the presence of a strikingly positive exercise study, which ultimately led to catheterization and angioplasty. We conclude that asymptomatic exercise-induced ST segment elevation in the absence of prior ECG Q waves may be a manifestation of significant “silent myocardial ischemia,” presumably due to highgrade fixed coronary artery disease and/or superimposed coronary vasospasm. These findings should prompt consideration for urgent invasive evaluation.
MEHRZAD BOROUJERDI, Iranian Intellectuals and the West: The Tormented Triumph of Nativism (Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1996). Pp 256.

Mehrzad Boroujerdi's Iranian Intellectuals and the West explores the works of three generations of Iranian writers and academics who contributed to the formation of a counter-Western “nativist” discourse. It opens with an exposition of the concepts that constitute the theoretical grid of the book and provide the title of its first chapter. “Otherness, Orientalism, Orientalism in Reverse, and Nativism.” Informed by contemporary critical theories, Boroujerdi argues for the centrality of the “other” to the formation of modern self-identity. Re-encapsulating the main theses of Said's Orientalism, he recounts that “the Islamic world came to be perceived as the embodiment of all that was recently left behind in Europe: an all-encompassing religion, political despotism, cultural stagnation, scientific ignorance, superstition, and so on” (p. 7). He then explains “Orientalism in reverse,” a concept formulated by the Syrian critic Sadik al-Azm. Preferring this clumsy concept to “Occidentalism” or “self-Orientalizing,” Boroujerdi defines Orientalism in reverse as “a discourse used by ‘oriental’ intellectuals and political elites to lay claim to, recapture, and finally impropriate their ‘true’ and ‘authentic’ identity” (pp. 11–12). As a counter-narrative of Orientalism, this discourse “uncritically embraces orientalism's assumption of a fundamental ontological difference separating the natures, peoples, and cultures of the Orient and the Occident” (p. 12). Boroujerdi attributes the popularity of Orientalism in reverse to the “seductive lure of nativism,” which is defined as “the doctrine that calls for the resurgence, reinstatement, or continuance of native or indigenous cultural customs, beliefs, and values” (p. 14). Surprisingly enough, Boroujerdi does not divulge that this seductive and pervasive “ nativism” has no discursively significant equivalent in Iranian cultural politics.
Spectroscopic study of the dehydration and/or dehydroxylation of phyllosilicate and zeolite minerals

[1] Phyllosilicates on Mars mapped by infrared spectroscopic techniques could have been affected by dehydration and/or dehydroxylation associated with chemical weathering in hyperarid conditions, volcanism or shock heating associated with meteor impact. The effects of heat-induced dehydration and/or dehydroxylation on the infrared spectra of 14 phyllosilicates from four structural groups (kaolinite, smectite, sepiolite-palygorskite, and chlorite) and two natural zeolites are reported here. Pressed powders of size-separated phyllosilicate and natural zeolite samples were heated incrementally from 100°C to 900°C, cooled to room temperature, and measured using multiple spectroscopic techniques: midinfrared (400–4000 cm−1) attenuated total reflectance, midinfrared reflectance (400–1400 cm−1), and far-infrared reflectance (50–600 cm−1) spectroscopies. Correlated thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction data were also acquired in order to clarify the thermal transformation of each sample. For phyllosilicate samples, the OH stretching (∼3600 cm−1), OH bending (∼590–950 cm−1), and/or H2O bending (∼1630 cm−1) bands all become very weak or completely disappear upon heating to temperatures > 500°C. The spectral changes associated with SiO4 vibrations (∼1000 cm−1 and ∼500 cm−1) show large variations depending on the compositions and structures of phyllosilicates. The thermal behavior of phyllosilicate IR spectra is also affected by the type of octahedral cations. For example, spectral features of Al3+-rich smectites are more stable than those of Fe3+-rich smectites. The high-temperature (>800°C) spectral changes of trioctahedral Mg2+-rich phyllosilicates such as hectorite, saponite, and sepiolite result primarily from crystallization of enstatite. Phyllosilicates with moderate Mg2+ concentration (e.g., palygorskite, clinochlore) and dioctahedral montmorillonites (e.g., SAz-1 and SCa-3) with partial Mg2+-for-Al3+ substitution all have new spectral feature developed at ∼900 cm−1 upon heating to 800°C. Compared with phyllosilicates, spectral features of two natural zeolites, clinoptilolite and mordenite, are less affected by thermal treatments. Even after heating to 900°C, the IR spectral features attributed to Si (Al)-O stretching and bending vibration modes do not show significant differences from those of unheated zeolites.
Loss of the Mexican American Survival Advantage After Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose—Mexican Americans (MAs) were previously found to have lower mortality after ischemic stroke than non-Hispanic whites. We studied mortality trends in a population-based design. Methods—Active and passive surveillance were used to find all ischemic stroke cases from January 2000 to December 2011 in Nueces County, TX. Deaths were ascertained from the Texas Department of Health through December 31, 2012. Cumulative 30-day and 1-year mortality adjusted for covariates was estimated using log-binomial models with a linear term for year of stroke onset used to model time trends. Models used data from the entire study period to estimate adjusted mortality among stroke cases in 2000 and 2011 and to calculate projected ethnic differences. Results—There were 1974 ischemic strokes among non-Hispanic whites and 2439 among MAs. Between 2000 and 2011, model estimated mortality declined among non-Hispanic whites at 30 days (7.6% to 5.6%; P=0.24) and 1 year (20.8% to 15.5%; P=0.02). Among MAs, 30-day...
Commentary on: reliability polynomials and link importance in networks

The author comments on the paper by L.B. Page et al., (see ibid., vol.43, p.51-8, 1994). The author considers the reliability of a communication network, represented by a graph G of nodes and edges (also called "links"); the nodes are assumed to be perfectly operational and the edges are assumed to be Y-independently operational with probability p. He points out the redundancy. The original author replies to the comment.
The treatment of parasomnias with hypnosis: a 5-year follow-up study.

Study Objectives:This study involves a replication and extension of a previous one reported by Hurwitz et al (1991) on the treatment of certain parasomnias with hypnosis.Methods:Thirty-six patients...
MTBP is overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer and contributes to its growth and survival.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a clinically aggressive subtype of breast cancer commonly resistant to therapeutics that have been successful in increasing survival in patients with estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) and HER2+ breast cancer. As such, identifying factors that contribute to poor patient outcomes and mediate the growth and survival of TNBC cells remain important areas of investigation. MTBP (MDM2-binding protein), a gene linked to cellular proliferation and a transcriptional target of the MYC oncogene, is overexpressed in human malignancies, yet its contribution to cancer remains unresolved. Evaluation of mRNA expression and copy number variation data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed that MTBP is commonly overexpressed in breast cancer and 19% show amplification of MTBP. Increased transcript or gene amplification of MTBP significantly correlated with reduced breast cancer patient survival. Further analysis revealed that while MTBP mRNA is overexpressed in both ER+ and HER2+ breast cancers, its expression is highest in TNBC. MTBP mRNA and protein levels were also significantly elevated in a panel of human TNBC cell lines. Knockdown of MTBP in TNBC cells induced apoptosis and significantly reduced TNBC cell growth and soft agar colony formation, which was rescued by expression of shRNA-resistant Mtbp. Notably, inducible knockdown of MTBP expression significantly impaired TNBC tumor growth, in vivo, including in established tumors. Thus, these data emphasize that MTBP is important for the growth and survival of TNBC and warrants further investigation as a potential novel therapeutic target. Implications: MTBP significantly contributes to breast cancer survival and is a potential novel therapeutic target in TNBC. Mol Cancer Res; 12(9); 1216–24. ©2014 AACR.
A multi-stage neural network for automatic target detection

Automatic target recognition (ATR) involves processing two-dimensional images for detecting, classifying, and tracking targets. The first stage in ATR is the detection process. This involves discrimination between target and non-target objects in a scene. We discuss a novel approach which addresses the target detection process. This method extracts relevant object features utilizing principal component analysis. These extracted features are then presented to a multi-stage neural network which allows an overall increase in detection rate, while decreasing the false positive alarm rate. We discuss the techniques involved and present some detection results that have been implemented on the multi-stage neural network.
Thyroidal influence on postnatal lung development in the rat.

During the first 2 weeks of postnatal life in the rat, the activities of phosphodiesterase and guanylate cyclase in the lung were found to undergo significant age-related changes. Low constant levels of these enzyme activities during the first 4 postnatal days were followed by a substantial increase to peak levels which plateaued between days 11 and 21 of age, and these changes coincided with the pattern of developmental changes in circulating thyroid hormone levels. When pups were rendered hypothyroid by combined pre- and postnatal treatment with propylthiouracil, the ontogenetic pattern of lung phosphodiesterase was abolished, as were those of serum thyroid hormones; however, that of lung guanylate cyclase was still evident, although slightly depressed. In contrast, treatment of euthyroid pups from the first day of life with daily injections of 1 μg T3 resulted in an advancement of lung phosphodiesterase ontogenesis, whereas that of guanylate cyclase was unaffected. A comparison between euthyroid and hy...
Monitoring the Maximum Depth of Drainage in Response to Pumping Using Borehole Ground Penetrating Radar

There are many methods available for nondestructive measurement of volumetric water content. However, no current method can monitor rapidly to great depths with high spatial resolution over large sample volumes and with minimal need for medium-specific calibration. Borehole ground penetrating radar (BPGR) may provide this capability. It is well established that BGPR can make rapid measurements to great depth. Like time domain reflectometry (TDR), BGPR infers the water content from dielectric permittivity measurements, which show a robust correlation with volumetric water content. The goal of this investigation was to determine whether BGPR water content measurements made with a vertical sampling interval that is smaller than the antenna length could be used to measure the water content profile with high spatial resolution. Repeat water content profiles measured with BGPR during a pumping test and under static conditions 1 yr later are presented. The results show that BGPR measurements are highly repeatable, allowing for differencing of profiles to determine the water content change profile. However, this high repeatability required calibration over a depth range below the water table due to instrument drift and operator inconsistencies. Although critical refractions obscure the water content profile near the ground surface, there is no evidence that refracted waves have deleterious effects on travel time profiles collected across the water table, allowing for determination of the maximum depth of drainage from the water content change profiles. There is good agreement between the patterns of maximum depth of drainage and water table depth during pumping and recovery. However, the maximum depth of drainage, referenced to the middle of the BGPR antennae, is consistently 50 cm deeper than the water table. The results demonstrate that the primary limitation on the achievable resolution of water content monitoring with BGPR is the user-selected measurement sample interval, which can be much smaller than the antenna length. However, the cause of the near constant downward offset of the BGPR measurements compared with the water table depth must be studied further to allow for direct use of BGPR to track water movement during pumping and recovery.
Low-complexity multiple access protocols for wavelength-division multiplexed photonic networks

Media access control protocols for an optically interconnected star-coupled system with preallocated wavelength-division multiple-access channels are discussed. The photonic network is based on a passive star-coupled configuration in which high topological connectivity is achieved with low complexity and excellent fault tolerance. The channels are preallocated to the nodes with the proposed approach, and each node has a home channel it uses either for data packet transmission or data packet reception. The performance of a generalized random access protocol is compared to an approach based on interleaved time multiplexing. Semi-Markov analytic models are developed to investigate the performance of the two protocols. The analytic models are validated through extensive simulation. The performance is evaluated in terms of network throughput and packet delay with variations in the number of nodes, data channels, and packet generation rate. >
Enhancing Water Splitting Activity and Chemical Stability of Zinc Oxide Nanowire Photoanodes with Ultrathin Titania Shells

Zinc oxide nanowire photoanodes are chemically stabilized by conformal growth of an ultrathin shell of titania through atomic layer deposition, permitting their stable operation for water splitting in a strongly alkaline solution. Because of the passivation of zinc oxide surface charge traps by titania coating, core/shell nanowire arrays supply a photocurrent density of 0.5 mA/cm2 under simulated AM1.5G sunlight at the thermodynamic oxygen evolving potential, demonstrating 25% higher photoelectrochemical water splitting activity compared to as-grown zinc oxide wires. By thermally annealing the zinc oxide wire arrays prior to surface passivation, we further increase the photocurrent density to 0.7 mA/cm2—the highest reported value for doped or undoped zinc oxide photoanodes studied under similar simulated sunlight. Photoexcitations at energies above the zinc oxide band gap are converted with efficiency greater than 80%. Photoluminescence measurements of the best-performing nanowire arrays are consistent wi...
A Tool for Information Retrieval Research in Peer-to-Peer File Sharing Systems

We introduce IR-Wire, a tool for information retrieval research and education in peer-to-peer file-sharing systems. Built on top of Lime Wire's implementation of the popular Gnutella standard, it includes functionality to collect data on queries and shared files and stores them in a way to make analyses simple. IR-Wire is designed modularly to facilitate its customization for other uses.
Chronic estrogen depletion alters adenosine diphosphate-induced pial arteriolar dilation in female rats.

We examined pial arteriolar reactivity to a partially endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-dependent vasodilator ADP as a function of chronic estrogen status. The eNOS-dependent portion of the ...
Information on the nature of the game as a determinant of behavior in the prisoner’s dilemma

Fifty male and 50 female Ss play ed single trials of six prisoner’s dilemma games (PDGs) in each of two experimental conditions (ECs). In EC1, Ss read a descriptive matrix prior to playing. In EC2, no descriptive matrix was presented. Within each EC, two forms of matrix were employed: (A) where strategies were explicitly labeled COOPERATION and COMPETITION and (B) where strategies were identified by letters only. No significant sex differences were found. Significant differences were found in competitive behavior: EC1A > EC1B and EC1A > EC2A. The findings indicate that increased information results in increased competition.
Combined Endoscopic/Laparoscopic Intragastric Resection of Gastric Stromal Tumors☆

Myogenic neoplasms of the stomach are the most common submucosal mass. Their natural history is indeterminate, and surgical resection is advised regardless of size. These lesions have typically required open resection, but a variety of laparoscopic techniques have been described. We report results of endoscopically guided, laparoscopic intragastric resection. Fourteen lesions have been excised in 13 patients in the last 3.5 years. There were eight women and five men with a mean age of 57 years (range 34—72). All patients were asymptomatic, and no lesions had mucosal ulceration. Eight lesions were located at the gastroesophageal junction, two each at the incisura and posterior body, and one each in the fundus and anterior wall of the corpus. All lesions were predominantly intraluminal, and three were transmural. The diagnosis of a myogenic lesion was confirmed by endoscopic ultrasound in eight patients. The laparoscopic/endoscopic technique included two or three, 2 or 5 mm intragastric trocars; endoscopic suture passage and specimen removal; and laparoscopic intragastric suture repair of the gastric defect. The mean operative time was 186 minutes. The mean size of the resected specimens was 3.8 cm (range 1.5-7.0). There was no mitotic activity on histopathology, and all were considered pathologically benign. The median length of stay was 3.8 days (range 3–8). There was no mortality or operative morbidity. At a mean follow-up of 16.2 months (range 1–32) there has been no local recurrences. A combined laparoscopic/endoscopic intragastric resection is most appropriate for intraluminal, benign-appearing submucosal lesions of the proximal stomach.
Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to Retain Credit Counseling Clients

This study applied the theory of planned behavior to examine factors associated with the intention and behavior of staying in debt management plans (DMP) using data collected from a sample of clients of a national credit counseling agency. The findings of this study suggest that the behavioral intention is positively associated with the attitude toward the behavior, perceived control, satisfaction with the service, and debt-reducing behavior; at the same time, behavioral intention is negatively associated with other financial behaviors. The behavior of staying in a DMP is positively associated with the behavioral intention and perceived control.
An inversion method for the exponential radon transform based on the harmonic analysis of the Euclidean motion group

This paper presents a new method for exponential Radon transform inversion based on the harmonic analysis of the Euclidean motion group of the plane. The proposed inversion method is based on the observation that the exponential Radon transform can be modified to obtain a new transform, defined as the modified exponential Radon transform, that can be expressed as a convolution on the Euclidean motion group. The convolution representation of the modified exponential Radon transform is block diagonalized in the Euclidean motion group Fourier domain. Further analysis of the block diagonal representation provides a class of relationships between the spherical harmonic decompositions of the Fourier transforms of the function and its exponential Radon transform. The block diagonal representation provides a method to simultaneously compute all these relationships. The proposed algorithm is implemented using the fast implementation of the Euclidean motion group Fourier transform and its performances is demonstrated in numerical simulations.
Educational use of MOSIS

This paper summarizes and comments on the NSF report "Integration of Education and Research in Microelectronics". MOSIS is the premier NSF grant highlighting the integration of education and research, affecting a broad section of US Computer Engineering programs. An analysis of the MOSIS Project reports for 1995 has been published and its salient points are summarized here.
Duration of secretory activity in the glands of the decidua vera

Summary When pregnancy is complicated by an ovarian tumor, operative removal of the tumor may involve the corpus luteum. Evidence from the literature suggests that excision of the corpus luteum results in from 10 per cent to 33 per cent of miscarriages if done within the first two months. This evidence, however, is neither statistically accurate nor reliable. If a satisfactory test for the presence of the luteal hormone could be devised, it might be possible to determine the length of furletional life of the corpus luteum. This would lead to a better understanding of the risks of removing the corpus luteum in early gestation. The characteristic response of decidual glands to progestin is the only available test, at present, for this hormone. The duration of this response was studied in specimens of uteri removed at approximately three-week intervals through pregnancy.
Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Transplantation: From Tissue Regeneration to Immune Modulation

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) were originally isolated from bone marrow (BM) more than 40 years ago. The earliest clinical utilization of these cells was for their bone marrow supportive activity and repair of bone and cartilage. However, over the last decade, MSCs have generated a much higher level of enthusiasm and are now being investigated for a much wider range of clinical indications due to a multitude of tissue regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. For example, in vitro and in vivo data indicate that MSCs are not as immunogenic as other somatic cells, can modulate/suppress immunological responses through interactions with different immune cells, and participate in repair of different types of tissues through their paracrine effects, such as secretion of cytokines and growth factors. Although MSCs have not yet proven to be unequivocally effective for any specific indication, they have been kept at the forefront of cellular and regenerative medicine due to their ease of ex vivo production, their impressive record of safety in a wide variety of clinical scenarios, and their intriguing immunomodulatory properties that allow them to be used as a universal type of cell therapy.
Murine embryonic yolk sac cells promote in vitro proliferation of bone marrow high proliferative potential colony-forming cells

To examine the influence of the hematopoietic microenvironment on hematopoietic cell proliferation and differentiation during the yolk sac phase of hematopoiesis, we have recently established cell lines from embryonic yolk sac visceral endoderm (YSE) and mesoderm (YSM). In the present experiments, we compared in vitro growth of adult murine bone marrow high proliferative potential colony-forming cells (HPP-CFC) in coculture with YSE- and YSM-derived or adult bone marrow stromal cell lines. Whereas both yolk sac-derived and adult stromal cell lines supported the proliferation of HPP-CFC during coculture, YSE- and YSM-derived cells stimulated a significant increase in total HPP-CFC compared with adult bone marrow stromal cell lines. Conditioned media from both YSE- and YSM-derived cell lines also stimulated the growth of HPP-CFC in vitro, but only in combination with exogenous recombinant hematopoietic growth factors. Although multiple hematopoietic growth factor mRNAs were detected in the yolk sac-derived cells by polymerase chain reaction, only macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) activity was detected in conditioned media using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A neutralizing polyclonal antibody against M-CSF did not diminish the YSE- or YSM-derived cell line conditioned media promotion of HPP-CFC colony formation. These results suggest that murine yolk sac-derived cell lines produce a novel soluble factor(s) that recruits primitive bone marrow hematopoietic cells to grow in vitro in response to a combination of hematopoietic growth factors.
Use of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-time of flight-mass spectrometry to identify the elemental composition of vanilla and determine the geographic origin by discriminant function analysis.

A total of 11 elements found in 25 vanilla samples from Uganda, Madagascar, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea were measured by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–time-of-flight–mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–TOF–MS) for the purpose of collecting data that could be used to discriminate among the origins. Pellets were prepared of the samples, and elemental concentrations were obtained on the basis of external calibration curves created using five National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standards and one Chinese standard with 13C internal standardization. These curves were validated using NIST 1573a (tomato leaves) as a check standard. Discriminant analysis was used to successfully classify the vanilla samples by their origin. Our method illustrates the feasibility of using LA–ICP–TOF–MS with an external calibration curve for high-throughput screening of spice screening analysis.
Allocapnia simmonsi, a New Species of Winter Stonefly (Plecoptera: Capniidae)

Allocapnia simmonsi n. sp. is described and figured from specimens collected in Virginia. A holotype male, allotype, 4 paratype males, and 3 paratype females are designated. A. simmonsi, a member of the granulata Group, is related to A. fumosa Ross and A. granulata (Claassen).
Political Development and Military Intervention in Latin America

It is noteworthy that the recent spate of writings in the field of “political development” has shown a pronounced tendency to omit consideration of Latin America. Thus the “communications” and “bureaucracy” volumes in the SSRC political development series are totally innocent of Latin American data, as is an excellent recent treatment of—of all things!—the political behavior of the military in developing areas.The Latin Americanists, for their part, have largely stressed those key features of the area's politics which have long remained constant—executive predominance, military intervention, and the influence of the peculiarities of Hispanic culture. At the same time, it is clear that the social changes usually collectively termed “modernization”—urbanization, technological borrowing, and the development of mass communications grids—together with their political correlate, the expansion of the political community to include hitherto excluded social elements, are proceeding in Latin America too. Accordingly, it becomes desirable to reexamine the “statics” of Latin American politics in the light of the “dynamics” of the processes of political development and social mobilization.The present article attempts this reexamination with respect to the most characteristic feature of Latin American politics, the coup d'etat and the establishment of a de facto military government.A priori, mutually contradictory theses about the relations of the military coup to social development can be constructed—and indeed the literature on the subject abounds in such contradictory theses, evidence to support each of which is always available.
Performance measurements on NIF beamlines for future experiments to support polar direct drive

We are studying the implementation of polar direct drive (PDD) ignition experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) laser system. Part of this preparation involves testing the performance of the NIF laser system over a broader span of center wavelengths, 3.6 nm, where the laser currently operates and that gain models describe. The temporal shape for the PDD pulses consists of a drive pulse preceded by three lower power "picket pulses". These picket pulses require a multi-FM sinusoidal phase modulation format with a bandwidth of ~ 200 GHz and a more dispersive grating in the preamplifier module (PAM) for smoothing-by-spectral-dispersion (SSD). In this paper we discuss recent measurements of gain on the NIF laser system over this broader wavelength range. We measured FM-to-AM conversion over the 3.6 nm wavelength range. The possibility of pinhole closure due to the larger bandwidth and dispersion associated with multi-FM SSD was studied at LLE on the OMEGA EP laser.
The Psychiatric Approach to Headache

There is a great measure of co-occurrence of headache and psychiatric disorders. Beyond coexistence, it appears that headache shares many of the same underlying biophysiological mechanisms as psychiatric illnesses. Most prominently, mood disorders (such as major depression and bipolar disorder), the anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder will share the complex neurobiologic underpinnings that pain disorders do. This chapter examines the neurobiology and the epidemiology of headache with psychiatric comorbidity, as well as the types of psychiatric treatments that are available for use when a comorbid condition exists. We also review the types of personality disorders, and, using Leo’s model of problematic cognitive patterns, we see how each personality style may present in clinical settings and how to understand their behaviors. Lastly, we suggest psychotherapeutic approaches in managing the difficult behavioral styles.
On channel dispersion per unit cost

The fundamental tradeoff of channel coding per unit cost in the fixed-error probability regime is investigated for discrete memoryless channels in the presence of a free input symbol. The speed of convergence to the capacity per unit cost in the absence of feedback is characterized in terms of a characteristic of the channel and cost function, which is referred to as e-dispersion per unit cost. Further, a sufficient condition for feedback to improve this convergence speed is provided.
Biological effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with untreated acute myeloid leukemia

Hematopoietic growth factors are being administered to patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) both to shorten the duration of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and in an attempt to increase cytotoxicity of cell cycle-specific agents. However, limited information is available concerning the effects of growth factors in AML patients. To examine the in vivo effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on AML cells, laboratory studies were performed before and after a 72-hour intravenous infusion of G-CSF (10 micrograms/kg/d) administered to 28 untreated AML patients. Twenty-seven patients (96%) showed increases in at least one of the following parameters after G-CSF: blood blasts, bone marrow (BM) blasts, leukemia cells in S phase or interphase cells with leukemia-specific markers shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The median paired change in absolute blast count was +2.7 x 10(9)/L (P = .0001) after G-CSF, as compared with 0.0 during the 72 hours before initiation of G-CSF. The median percentage of BM leukemia cells in S phase increased from 6.0% to 10.7% after G-CSF (median change, %5.9%; P = .009). Interphase BM cells with trisomy 8 or monosomy 7 increased in 6 of 6 patients with these abnormalities (P = .02) with a median percent increase of 47%. Blood neutrophil counts also increased during G-CSF (median paired change, +2.8 x 10(9)/L; P < .0001). Trisomy 8 or monosomy 7 was shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization in post-G-CSF blood neutrophils from 4 of 6 patients but was also present in neutrophils before G-CSF. We conclude that the percentage of leukemia cells in S phase increases and that leukemia cell populations undergo expansion during short-term administration of G-CSF in almost all AML patients.
Usefulness of electron microscopy in animal pathogen detection and disease monitoring

Historically, in veterinary medicine, electron microscopy has been successfully used in research and in disease emergencies that affect domestic animals and put our food security at risk. Emergence...
The role age plays in the outcomes and complications of shoulder arthroplasty

Background This investigation used age as a continuous variable to estimate implant survival and the risk of complications. Methods Prospectively collected data were used to analyze 5494 consecutive shoulder arthroplasties performed from 1970 to 2012. Patients were a mean age of 67 years. The association between the age at the index procedure and the risk for each outcome was assessed using Cox regression and smoothing spline analysis. Results Older age was associated with a decreased risk of revision surgery, revision for mechanical failure, and reoperation but with a higher risk for thromboembolic events. Reoperation rates also decreased in a linear fashion with older ages (P 65 years (P 50 years was significantly decreased (~13% reduction in risk for each year; P Conclusions There is a strong association between older age and decreased rates of revision surgery and reoperation after shoulder arthroplasty, with a striking association with decreased rates of mechanical failure. These are important considerations when counseling younger patients regarding their risks.
Adenocarcinoma of the Appendix Presenting as a Palpable Right Thigh Mass

Intra-abdominal and intra-pelvic pathologies initially presenting in extra-abdominal/pelvic locations is unusual. This spread predominantly occurs with infectious processes to sites including the buttock, thigh, and calf. The routes of extension into adjacent anatomically weak compartments include the pelvic outlet, greater sciatic foramen, obturator foramen, inguinal or femoral canal, weak bones, or along nerves and blood vessels. Malignant neoplasms of the appendix, while extremely rare and accounting for only 0.4% of all gastrointestinal cancers, is one of the intra-abdominal pathologies that can spread via these routes. Adenocarcinoma of the appendix accounts for 10-20% of primary appendiceal tumors. They usually present as acute appendicitis or as a right lower quadrant abdominal mass when associated with a mucocele. We report the unique case of mucinous appendiceal adenocarcinoma in a 57-year-old male who initially presented with a right thigh mass secondary to extension of the neoplasm from the right lower quadrant through the femoral canal. A similar presentation of a mucinous appendiceal cystadenoma has been previously reported, however, to our knowledge, this is the first case of a malignant appendiceal tumor extending into the thigh. We review the literature and discuss imaging findings and treatment of this tumor.
Ufd2, a Novel Autoantigen in Scleroderma, Regulates Sister Chromatid Separation

The characterization of molecules recognized by patients with autoimmune diseases has provided significant insights into important biological pathways. In these studies, we define Ufd2 (a novel E4 polyubiquitylating enzyme) as a new autoantigen in scleroderma, and show that it regulates chromosome condensation and separation during mitosis in human cells. Ufd2 is regulated by phosphorylation in mitosis. Inhibition of Ufd2 expression results in mitotic arrest at the metaphase-anaphase transition, where cells manifest abnormal chromosome morphology, missegregated chromosomes, irregular spindles, and premature separation of sister chromatids. This is accompanied by premature separase activation, and accumulation of securin in a novel modified form. We further demonstrate that Ufd2 directly and efficiently ubiquitylates securin in vitro and is required for securin polyubiquitylation in vivo. This is the first description of a physiologic substrate for Ufd2, establishing this E4 enzyme as an important regulato...
Deception and Decisions: The Central Intelligence Agency, Two Presidents, and the Bay of Pigs Invasion

In 1959, Fidel Castro rose to power in Cuba after overthrowing dictator Fulgencio Batista. Castro and his revolutionary group, the 26th of July Movement, were viewed with suspicion by President Dwight D. Eisenhower and his administration, and by the end of the year, Castro's regime presented a grave problem to the outgoing president due to the far left-leaning politics of the group. The fear of Communism spreading throughout the Western Hemisphere in the relatively early stages of the Cold War was prevalent in American politics throughout the 1950s, and preventing such a fear from becoming a reality was a top priority. The possibility of a communist government only ninety miles away from the United States mainland did not sit well with Eisenhower or any other top national security official. The officials were well aware of the ramifications of Cuba becoming a strategic puppet for the Soviet Union, and they were willing to entertain any ideas to neutralize Castro and his regime. One such concept included President Dwight David Eisenhower authorizing the Central Intelligence Agency to plot the overthrow of the Cuban government. However, throughout the planning stage of the mission, the misinformation provided by the CIA to Presidents Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy, as well as Kennedy's own poor decisions in the weeks leading up to the invasion, ultimately doomed its chances for success.
The survival prognosis of elderly undernourished inpatients admitted to the internal medical department of an emergency hospital as assessed using the nutritional screening, tool CONUT (for CONtrolling NUTritional status).

Aim CONUT, a tool for "CONtrolling NUTritional status" assesses the nutritional status of a subject by taking into account their serum albumin level, total cholesterol level and total lymphocyte count. Elderly undernourished inpatients admitted to the internal medical department were divided into two groups, those who left the hospital and those who died in the hospital. The goal of this study was to analyze whether or not the CONUT score, serum albumin level, total cholesterol level and total lymphocyte count could predict the survival prognosis of elderly undernourished inpatients and to show the ratio of patients discharged with artificial hydration and nutrition (AHN). Methods We divided elderly undernourished inpatients into two groups, those who left the hospital (229 patients) and those who died in the hospital (363 patients), and examined the serum albumin level, total cholesterol level and total lymphocyte count within 10 days before discharge or death. Based on the degree of undernutrition as determined by CONUT, we further classified the patients 4-into four levels of nutrition status, normal, light undernutrition, moderate undernutrition and severe undernutrition. In addition, based on the serum albumin level, total cholesterol level and total lymphocyte count, the patients were also classified 4-into four levels of nutrition status, and we calculated the ratio of AHN patients in the discharged group. Results On comparing the discharge and death groups according to the degree of undernutrition, serum albumin level, total cholesterol level and total lymphocyte count, significant differences were found between the groups of all nutrition statuses except moderate undernutrition. Furthermore, the patients with moderate undernutrition status demonstrated no statistically significant difference in both groups, except the serum albumin level. Among the discharged patients, the ratio of AHN was 37.0% in those with a normal nutrition status and more than 50% in the patients with light to severe undernutrition. Conclusion We calculated and scored the serum albumin level, total cholesterol level, total lymphocyte count and the degree of undernutrition according to CONUT in elderly undernourished inpatients admitted to the internal medical department of an emergency hospital.We then divided the patients into groups, based on death or discharge from the hospital as well as nutrition status, normal, light undernutrition, moderate undernutrition and severe undernutrition. Therefore, comparing the groups based on their death or discharge, their nutrition status was found to be helpful for predicting the prognosis.
Self-Assembling Networks

AbstractWe consider how an epistemic network might self-assemble from the ritualization of the individual decisions of simple heterogeneous agents. In such evolved social networks, inquirers may be...
Evaluative Theories of Emotions

Evaluative Theories take emotions to be evaluative beliefs or judgments which may cause emotional phenomena such as affective and bodily agitation and which may motivate behavior. Historically theories of this kind have been advocated by Chrysippus and other Stoics, Augustine, Hobbes, Spinoza, and Brentano. In recent philosophy examples are found in J.-P. Sartre (1939/1962), CD. Broad (1954/1971), R.S. Peters (1970), and Donald Davidson (1976/1980). The most fully developed version of the Evaluative Theory in current philosophy is that of Robert C. Solomon, who maintains that, “An emotion is an evaluative (or a ‘normative’) judgment, a judgment about my situation and about myself and/or about all other people” (Solomon, 1976, p. 187).
Near-zero power accelerometer wakeup system

The defense community desires low-power sensors deployed around critical assets for intrusion detection. A piezoelectric microelectromechanical accelerometer is coupled with a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor comparator to create a near-zero power wakeup system. The accelerometer is designed to operate at resonance and employs aluminum nitride for piezoelectric transduction. At a target frequency of 160 Hz, the accelerometer achieves sensitivities as large as 26 V/g. The system is shown to require only 5.4 nW of power before and after latching. The combined system is shown to wake up to a target frequency signature of a generator while rejecting background noise as well as non-target frequency signatures.
Flows and Palm Measures

Portions of the material developed in sections 6 and 8 make sense in the more general context of a measure preserving flow without any Markovian structure. We shall develop some of these ideas in this section and apply them to Markov processes in §10. We shall use the notation of our main application—the flow associated with a Kuznetsov measure.
Combining specification-based and code-based coverage for model transformation chains

For testing model transformations or model transformation chains, a software engineer usually designs a test suite consisting of test cases where each test case consists of one or several models. In order to ensure a high quality of such a test suite, coverage achieved by test cases with regards to the system under test must be systematically measured. Specification-based or code-based coverage can be measured, which leads to the question of how these two approaches are related. In this paper, we investigate the relation between specification- and code-based coverage analysis for model transformation chains and show how such a relation can be established. Based on this, we propose several usage scenarios of such a relation which include identification of code relevant for parts of a given specification and vice versa.
Global Perils that Reduce the Earth’s Capacity to Sustain and Safeguard Growing Populations—Tactics to Mitigate or Suppress Them

There are global happenings that imperil the earth’s capability to sustain today’s populations and the populations that are projected to increase until at least the end of this twenty-first century. These are: (1) global warming and the consequent climate changes; (2) soil degradation by erosion, loss of fertility, and other factors; (3) pollution of air, water, and soil from human activities and natural sources; and (4) to some degree, degradation of the ozone layer and its reconstruction time frame.
Is There a Woodwork Effect? Addressing a 200-Year Debate on the Impacts of Expanding Community-Based Services

In U.S. social welfare history, many have suggested that if benefits were too attractive, consumers would come out of the woodwork to take advantage of the opportunity. Clinical trials have provided evidence of the woodwork effect's existence, suggesting caution when expanding home- and community-based services (HCBS). However, it is unclear whether these studies are best suited to assess whether a system-level effect occurs. Using state and federal data tracking Ohio's long-term services and support (LTSS) system from 1995 to 2015, this paper examines changes in the utilization rates and expenditures of Medicaid LTSS to explore whether a woodwork effect occurred as Ohio moved to improve its LTSS system balance (80% Nursing Home [NH], 20% HCBS) to (49% Nursing Home [NH], 51% HCBS). After accounting for population growth of individuals older than 60 and those with two or more impairments in activities of daily living, there was no change in utilization rates of older people with severe disability (1995: 491 per 1000 population, 2015: 495 per 1000 population) or overall LTSS expenditures (1997: $2.7 million [in 2013 dollars], 2013: $2.9 million). Our results suggest that states can make significant strides in HCBS expansion without increasing the overall long-term services utilization rate.