cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interactive influences of iron and light limitation on phytoplankton at subsurface chlorophyll maxima in the eastern North Pacific

The roles of iron and light as limiting and colimiting factors for phytoplankton growth in subsurface chlorophyll maxima (SCMs) were investigated in mesotrophic to oligotrophic waters of the Southern California Bight and the eastern tropical North Pacific using microcosm manipulation experiments. Phytoplankton responses indicative of iron–light colimitation were found at several SCMs underlying macronutrient-limited surface waters in the eastern Pacific. Iron additions led to a shift in the size and taxonomic structure of the phytoplankton community, where large diatoms dominated what was formerly a diverse community of relatively small phytoplankton. The strongest and most ubiquitous responses of diatoms to iron addition were found under elevated light conditions, indicating that iron availability may have the greatest potential to affect SCM phytoplankton communities when light levels increase rapidly, such as during eddy events or with strong internal waves. The results show that iron influences phytoplankton community structure at SCMs, which would have consequences for nutrient cycling and carbon export within the lower euphotic zone. It is now well established that iron can control phytoplankton biomass and productivity in high nutrient–low chlorophyll (HNLC) regions, where unused macronutrients are persistently present in surface waters. More recently, the importance of iron availability for phytoplankton has been shown in waters outside of HNLC areas. In coastal upwelling zones, rapid movement of high
Temperature-dependent behavior of protein-chromophore interactions: a theoretical study of a blue fluorescent antibody.

The unusual temperature-dependent excited-state dynamics of a stilbene-antibody complex reported by Simeonov et al. are explored using theoretical methods. The anomalous temperature-dependent fluorescence emission and lifetime are shown to be the result of interplay among temperature-modulated protein flexibility, the excited-state potential surface for the stilbene central twist, and changes in the stilbene charge distribution upon excitation. Stilbene is found to possess a similar geometry and orientation within the antibody binding pocket at all temperatures in the ground state and at low temperatures (approximately 240 K) in the excited state. At higher temperatures (approximately 260 K), the excited-state conformation twists around the central double bond and adopts an alternate orientation within the binding pocket. These changes result from protein side chain and loop motions that are frozen out at lower temperatures and account for the observed red shift of the fluorescence emission spectrum (a calculated shift of 3.8 kcal mol-1 compares favorably with the approximately 5 kcal.mol-1 observed experimentally). Approximately 3.0 kcal mol-1 of this stabilization is global in nature and is not attributable to specific local interactions. Local interactions between stilbene and Tyr-B39 contribute approximately 0.8 kcal mol-1 to the fluorescence shift. The primary structural change in simulations of the high temperature excited state involves a decrease in the stilbene-tyrosine distance and a relative change in orientation of the aromatic rings. We identify several nearby charged residues that contribute to the fluorescence emission shift and provide targets for mutagenesis to probe the temperature-dependent dynamics of protein-chromophore interactions.
Reusable context pipelining for low power coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture

Coarse-grained reconfigurable architectures (CGRA) require many processing elements and a configuration memory unit (configuration cache) for reconfiguration of the ALU array elements. This structure consumes significant amount of power. Power reduction during reconfiguration is necessary for the reconfigurable architecture to be used as a competitive IP core in embedded systems. In this paper, we propose a power-conscious reusable context pipelining architecture for CGRA that efficiently reduces power consumption in configuration cache without performance degradation. Experimental results show that the proposed approach saves up to 57.97% of the total power consumed in the configuration cache with reduced configuration cache size compared to the previous approach.
Assembly kinetics determine the architecture of α-actinin crosslinked F-actin networks

The actin cytoskeleton is organized into diverse meshworks and bundles that support many aspects of cell physiology. Understanding the self-assembly of these actin-based structures is essential for developing predictive models of cytoskeletal organization. Here we show that the competing kinetics of bundle formation with the onset of dynamic arrest arising from filament entanglements and crosslinking determine the architecture of reconstituted actin networks formed with α-actinin crosslinks. Crosslink-mediated bundle formation only occurs in dilute solutions of highly mobile actin filaments. As actin polymerization proceeds, filament mobility and bundle formation are arrested concomitantly. By controlling the onset of dynamic arrest, perturbations to actin assembly kinetics dramatically alter the architecture of biochemically identical samples. Thus, the morphology of reconstituted F-actin networks is a kinetically determined structure similar to those formed by physical gels and glasses. These results establish mechanisms controlling the structure and mechanics in diverse semiflexible biopolymer networks.
Bayesian non-negative factor analysis for reconstructing transcriptional regulatory network

Transcriptional regulation by transcription factors (TFs) controls when and how much RNA is created. Due to technical limitations, the protein level expressions of TFs are usually unknown, making computational reconstruction of transcriptional network a difficult task. We proposed here a novel Bayesian non-negative factor approach, which is capable to estimate both the non-negative abundances of the transcription factors, their regulatory effects, and sample clustering information by integrating microarray data and existing knowledge regarding TFs regulated target genes. The results demonstrated its validity and effectiveness to reconstructing transcriptional networks by transcription factors through simulated systems and real data.
The effect of age on normal human optic nerve fiber number and diameter

In one optic nerve from each of 19 persons, the authors determined the number of axons, the distribution of fiber diameter, and the total neural area. The mean fiber count was 693,316, the mean neural area was 5.17 mm2, and the mean axonal fiber diameter was 0.96 microns. No significant decline in fiber number or neural area with increasing age was found. The authors found a large variability of axonal number among their patients. This variability would have obscured any small effect of aging. Linear regression analysis of the effect of age on mean axonal diameter yielded a slight negative slope (P less than 0.01), suggesting a redistribution of fiber diameter. This could occur from axonal shrinkage, from preferential large fiber loss, or from the technical features of tissue acquisition and analysis. The authors suspect that the explanation is a selective loss of large nerve fibers.
Construction and Initial Validation of the Worldview Analysis Scale (WAS)

This study describes the development of the Worldview Analysis Scale (WAS), an instrument designed to assess the way in which people perceive, think, feel, and experience the world. Four studies were conducted to describe the scale development of the WAS and to assess its psychometric properties. Eight hundred sixteen African, African American, European, European American, and multiethnic participants served as the validation sample. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses provided evidence for seven subscales: materialistic universe, spiritual immortality, communalism, indigenous values, tangible realism, knowledge of self, and spiritualism. MANOVA analyses found evidence for cultural differences in worldview at the ethnic level of analysis. Results indicated favorable reliability, validity, and factor structure indices for the WAS. Applications of the WAS in culturally competent research, training, and psychotherapy are discussed.
Energy efficient, reconfigurable, distributed pulse generation and detection in UWB impulse radios

Ultrafast pulse generation and detection are pivotal functions in ultra-wideband (UWB) impulse radios. This paper shows that digitally-assisted distributed circuit techniques provide an energy-efficient, reconfigurable solution for both functions, as demonstrated in two new circuits: a pulse generator that can generate reconfigurable pulse waveforms with sub-nanosecond time resolution, and a multi-GHz analog correlator that incorporates reconfigurable local template pulse generation. A UWB impulse radio was developed based on these new circuits with chip prototypes implemented in 0.18-µm standard digital CMOS. It was characterized using UWB antennas, and achieved an energy efficiency of 25-pJ/pulse for the transmitter and 190-pJ/pulse for the receiver at 250 MHz pulse rate in the measurement.
Aerosol optical properties over north central Canada during BOREAS

A network of five automated and two handheld solar radiometers were operated during the 1994 Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) in northern Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada, in order to characterize the atmospheric aerosol optical properties. These data were collected to allow for atmospheric correction of optical remote sensing data in the visible to short-wave infrared spectrum (0.4 to 3 /spl mu/m) and to characterize the aerosol climatology of the region. Aerosol optical thickness inferred from the direct solar irradiance measurement at the ground shows that the background conditions for the area are very clear in the absence of local aerosol sources with an aerosol optical thickness of /spl sim/0.1 at 500 nm. The northeastern portion of the BOREAS region was dominated by smoke from forest fires from early June to mid-September with values averaging above 1 at 500 nm in mid-July for extended periods. Size distributions derived from solar almucantar measurements show the predominance of small particles during smoke episodes when compared to that for background conditions. Measurements are continuing through 1995 to better characterize the climatology of aerosols and water vapor column abundance since the summer of 1994 was unusually warm and dry.
Digestive Enzymes and Stylet Morphology of Deraeocoris nigritulus (Uhler) (Hemiptera: Miridae) Reflect Adaptations for Predatory Habits

Abstract Deraeocoris nigritulus (Uhler) is often collected from the cones of Virginia pine, Pinus virginiana. Most species of Deraeocoris are predacious, but whether this plant bug is phytophagous or predacious is not known. To better understand the feeding adaptations of this mirid, the digestive enzymes from the salivary glands and anterior midgut were analyzed, and the mouthpart stylets were investigated with scanning electron microscopy. Evidence of a trypsin-like enzyme, a chymotrypsin-like enzyme, and pectinase were found in the salivary glands. Low levels of trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like, elastase-like, pectinase, and α-amylase activities, as well as high levels of α-glucosidase activity, were found in the anterior midgut. The right maxillary stylet has two rows of at least seven strongly recurved teeth in front of at least three weakly recurved teeth on the inner surface, all pointing away from the head. Therefore, this insect is equipped with digestive enzymes and mouthparts mainly adapted for ...
Neurogenesis of galanin cells in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and centromedial amygdala in rats: a model for sexual differentiation of neuronal phenotype.

Male rats possess twice as many cells that express arginine-vasopressin (AVP) in the bed nu- cleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and centromedial amygdala (CMA) as do females. This sex difference may arise from sex differences in the induction of AVP ex- pression in galanin (GAL)-expressing cells, which them- selves do not differ in number between males and fe- males. To test whether AVP expression could arise from a single pool of galaninergic cells, we determined whether the cell birth profile of GAL-immunoreactive (ir) cells was similar to that of AVP-ir cells. Dams were injected with the cell birth marker bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) on one of seven gestational dates, ranging from embryonic day 11 (E11) to E17. The resulting offspring were sacrificed at 3 months of age. Processing their brains for the presence of either GAL and BrdU, or AVP and BrdU immunoreactivity revealed that in both the BST and CMA, the majority of GAL-ir and AVP-ir cells were labeled with BrdU on E12 and E13. In contrast, most other cells in the same region were labeled on E14 and E15. The similarity in the timing of cell birth of the GAL-ir and AVP-ir cells is consistent with the idea that GAL-ir cells in the BST/CMA constitute a single pool of cells that may be induced to express AVP during
Calibrating power supply signal measurements for process and probe card variations

The power supply transient signal (I/sub DDT/) methods that we propose for defect detection and localization analyze regional signal variations introduced by defects at a set of the power supply ports on the chip under test (CUT). A significant detractor to the successful application of such methods is dealing with the signal variations introduced by process and probe card parameter variations. In this paper, we describe several calibration techniques designed to reduce the impact of these types of "non-defect" related chip and testing environment variations on the defect detection sensitivity of I/sub DDT/ testing methods. More specifically, calibration methods are proposed that calibrate for signal variations introduced by performance differences and by changes in the probe card RLC parameters. The calibration methodology is demonstrated through SPICE simulations and in hardware.
Formation of Hexagonal Coordination Complexes

The synthesis of the ligand 1,3-bis(3′-pyridylethynyl)benzene and the coordination complex formed with copper(II) acetate is described. The complex is hexagonal with two ligands bridged by paddlewheel-shaped dimeric copper(II) acetate moieties. The complexes are packed in such a way that the benzene rings from two separate complexes penetrate into the central cavity. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Challenge of Infrared Kite Aerial Photography

Abstract Kite aerial photography (KAP) involves the use of large kites to lift compact camera systems for capturing images of ground features. Our goal has been to develop equipment and techniques for infrared kite aerial photography. Attempting to conduct infrared photography from kites has proven to be a considerable challenge for several reasons. Among the most important limitations are those inherent in infrared film and conventional cameras. Infrared film has no ISO speed rating, and camera light meters do not measure infrared energy in the scene. Furthermore, KAP equipment should be relatively compact, rugged, light weight, and inexpensive. We have designed, built, and field tested two KAP rigs based on the Canon EOS RebelX camera, which is a 35-mm, full-featured, SLR camera. Our first rig is a dual-camera setup, in which the cameras take simultaneous color-visible and color-infrared photographs. This rig has radio control of the camera shutters. Camera tilt and pan positions are set manually prior ...
56Fe Irradiation Alters Spine Density and Dendritic Complexity in the Mouse Hippocampus

A unique feature of the space radiation environment is the presence of high-energy charged particles, which can be significantly hazardous to space flight crews who are exposed during a mission. Health risks associated with high-LET radiation exposure include cognitive injury. The pathogenesis of this injury is unknown but may involve modifications to dendritic structure and/or alterations in dendritic spine density and morphology. In this study, 24 two-month-old C57BL6/J male mice were either whole-body irradiated with 0.5 Gy 56Fe (600 MeV/n; n = 12) or sham irradiated (n = 12). Three months postirradiation animals were tested for locomotor activity and habituation. After behavioral testing, animals were euthanized and the brains were flash frozen. Compared to sham-irradiated mice, irradiated mice moved less when first introduced to the environment, although they did recognize the environment when re-exposed to it one day later. Exposure to 56Fe radiation significantly compromised the dendritic architect...
Multi-Cylinder Flow-Induced Motions: Enhancement by Passive Turbulence Control at 28,000<Re<120,000

The VIVACE (Vortex Induced Vibration for Aquatic Clean Energy) Converter was introduced at OMAE2006 as a single, smooth, circular-cylinder module. The hydrodynamics of VIVACE is being improved continuously to achieve higher density in harnessed hydrokinetic power. Inter-cylinder spacing and Passive Turbulence Control (PTC) through selectively located roughness are effective tools in enhancement of Flow Induced Motions (FIMs) under high damping for power harnessing. VIVACE Converters consist of multi-cylinder modules. Single cylinders harness energy at high density even in 1knot currents. For downstream cylinders questions are raised on energy availability and sustainability of high-amplitude FIM. Through PTC and inter-cylinder spacing, strongly synergetic FIM of 2/3/4 cylinders is achieved, harnessing hydrokinetic energy with increased footprint density. Two-cylinder smooth/PTC and four-cylinder PTC systems are tested experimentally. Using the “PTC-to-FIM” map developed in previous work at the Marine Renewable Energy Laboratory (MRELab), PTC is applied and cylinder response is measured for the following parameter ranges: In-flow center-to-center distance 1.63•D–5.00•D (D = diameter), transverse center-to-center distance 0.5•D–1.5•,D, Re ∊[28,000–120,000], m* ∊[1.677–1.690], U ∊[0.36m/s–1.45m/s], aspect ratio l/D = 10.29, and m*ζ ∊[0.0283–0.0346]. All experiments are conducted in the Low Turbulence Free Surface Water (LTFSW) Channel of MRELab. Amplitude spectra and broad filed-of-view (FOV) visualization help reveal complex flow structures and cylinder interference undergoing VIV, interference/proximity/wake/soft/hard galloping.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Patterns of Residential Mobility of People with Schizophrenia: Multi-level Tests of Downward Geographic Drift

This study tests the geographic drift hypothesis that the negative SES-MI correlation results from individuals first developing conditions such as schizophrenia and then moving frequently because of their disability to low income and urban areas, and to neighborhoods with high concentrations of SMI persons. This is a secondary analysis of hospital records of 1,667,956 individuals in Massachusetts, USA, between 1994 and 2000. It employs a longitudinal cohort design and techniques of multi-level modeling. Downward geographic drift of those with schizophrenia was found to be small, but greater than other groups examined. The small level of drift was best explained by pre-existing socioeconomic conditions, and only secondarily by a diagnosis of schizophrenia, and this was true across a wide spectrum of diagnostic and demographic groups. Study hypotheses were largely supported, with downward drift confirmed, and with stronger evidence for low SES as a cause rather than a consequence of geographic drift.
Robust source-range estimation using the array/waveguide invariant and a vertical array

The array invariant based on beam-time migration has been proposed for source-range estimation using a horizontal or vertical array (VA), with no need for forward model computations. The approach has been demonstrated successfully with experimental data in shallow water using a horizontal towed array. Recently, the array invariant has been shown to be a special case of the waveguide invariant theory. In this paper, the unified array/waveguide invariant approach to source-range estimation is applied to a short-aperture VA in a fluctuating ocean environment over a one-day period. Specifically, the mean range estimates using a 12-m long VA in ∼100 m deep water are <8% relative error for a source (2–3 kHz) at 6-km range, demonstrating the robustness of this approach.
Leave the Internet Alone: What the F.C.C. Can Do, Market Forces Can Do Better

With the rise of the Internet over the last several years, increasing attention is being paid to how content is delivered. Streaming audio and video, information spanning the continents and instant connections worldwide, the Internet plays an integral role in how modern humanity communicates. However, some have begun to worry than an ominous cloud is hovering just over the horizon, threatening to squelch much of the progress that has been made in the digital world. That cloud would allegedly grant Internet service providers absolute power over the voices of their users, leading to widespread discrimination. A sharp divide in opinions is raging on Internet forums, board rooms and regulatory agencies, with some commentators worried that the very essence of the Internet is being threatened. Others believe that the Internet is as strong as ever, with no need for concern as long as market forces continue to play out. This paper will seek to weigh both sides of the net neutrality debate as it relates to Internet service providers that has been raging for the last few years, concluding that the powerful forces of the market, consumers and the essence of the Internet make enforcing net neutrality through regulations superfluous and possibly even dangerous to the continued advancement of the Internet.
More Questions Than Answers

Although the study by Goldstein et al1 that appeared in the February 1995 issue of Pediatrics is quite interesting, I am afraid that more questions remain unanswered in their article. I have a few concerns: 1) The authors do not provide data regarding the frequency of abnormal neurologic outcome, nor do they provide any paradigms based on sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the variables considered to "predict" neurologic outcome in their cohort. I think that this is a major weakness of the article, which makes one wonder whether there was any such predictive ability for the studied variables.
PAN-AFRICANISM, CAPITALISM AND RACIAL UPLIFT: THE RHETORIC OF AFRICAN BUSINESS FORMATION IN COLONIAL ZIMBABWE

THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF pan-Africanism, with its emphasis on political issues, has generally neglected economic considerations, a constant theme in pan-African thought. Thus, Imanuel Geiss, in a highly regarded study, lambasts pan-Africanism for its historical failure to develop a 'rational' approach to the socio-economic problems faced by Africans and their descendants in the Americas. Geiss is particularly critical of such 'social romantics' as W. E. B. DuBois and Kwame Nkrumah under whcse dominance, he claims, the Pan-African movement proved incapable of making 'an intelligent critique of African society' .1 But this judgement, it has been shown, is much too hasty and sweeping.2 Pan-Africanism, it turns out, is not as irrational as it suggests, if by rationality one means, as Geiss apparently does, being attuned to the economic concerns of the modern world. Throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, for instance, pan-Africanists promoted commodity trading, railway development, and banking, shipping and airline ventures both within Africa and between Africa and various diaspora communities in the Americas and Europe.3 Very few of these schemes, to be sure, were brought to fruition. This, however, was due not so much to irrationality as to a lack of capital, historically the great Achilles' heel of economic
Aldrin Resistance in Corn Rootworm Beetles

The LD50 values for aldrin and diazinon, in micrograms of insecticide per insect, were determined for adult corn rootworms over large areas in the Northcentral States. Results indicated that resistance to aldrin in western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera LeConte, is present in western Iowa, northern Kansas, northwestern Missouri, southwestern Minnesota, and southeastern South Dakota, Northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica longicornis (Say), is resistant to aldrin in localized areas of Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Both species were quite susceptible to diazinon in the areas studied.
Plato's Political Puzzle

Abstract Mark Blitz begins his book Plato’s Political Philosophy by making a strong case for Plato’s continuing relevance to us. The book’s three parts are centered on three dialogues of special importance to Blitz’s topic: the Laws, the Republic, and the Statesman. Blitz also pulls into his discussion other dialogues that illuminate the teachings of these three central ones. Blitz’s analyses of the dialogues are illuminating. He lays out the dialogues’ intellectual pathways and gives us an important sense of their meaning. In addition to his examination of particular dialogues, Blitz also gives us rich discussions of four key concepts that underlie and are found throughout Plato’s works: nature, wonder, perplexity, and laughter. The book lacks a deeper discussion of the view that we should be guided by nature in determining our ends. Also missing is a better appreciation of both the challenge posed to philosophy by piety, and the attraction of institutions of modern republics. And we could have a better ...
Trends in Early Vortex Formation on a Wall-to-wall Plate in Pure Plunge

Discernible trends in early vortex formation have been in inter vortex-plate distance, circulation, and vortex maximum azimuthal velocity when plunging a wall-to-wall flat plate at fixed angles of attack ranging from 15 to 90 with two different accelerative profiles. Vortex formation and shedding continues to play an important role in unsteady aerodynamics with applications ranging from flapping wings to maneuvering flight to helicopter rotors. Above a relatively low angle of attack when a flat plate is plunged in a fluid a leading edge vortex (LEV) is formed close to the leading edge and a trailing edge vortex (TEV) is formed close to the trailing edge. The formation, growth and convection of the LEV and TEV strongly influence the pressure field surrounding the flat plate and ultimately the forces experienced by the plate. Experiments were performed at the United States Air Force Research Labs Horizontal Free Surface Water Tunnel (AFRL/HFWT) with linear and sinusoidal acceleration profiles. The formation of the LEV was investigated for both acceleration profiles using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Trends were identified in both the LEV distance to the plate as a function of convective distance and with angle of attack. Similarly, trends were identified in maximum vortex azimuthal velocity. The LEV normalized azimuthal velocity profiles were compared with several vortex models in the literature. The existing models were unable to reproduce the asymmetric azimuthal velocity distributions resulting from vortex proximity to the plate. A new model based on experimental results is proposed for the LEV core azimuthal velocity distribution inclusive of plate proximity effects.
Changes in Peroxidase Activity in Salivary Gland After Administration of Isoproterenol

SummaryStimulation of mouse salivary gland by isoproterenol resulted in an initial decrease in peroxidase activity, followed by an increase with subsequent return to normal values. Actinomycin D did not block the increase in peroxidase activity observed.
Complex dielectric and geometry influences on plasmon excitation and energy transfer in nanocomposite systems

Distinguishing contributions of physical and optical characteristics, and their interactions, to complicated features observed in spectra of nanocomposite plasmonic systems slows their implementation in optoelectronics. Use of vacuum, effective medium, or analytic approximations to compute such contributions are insufficient outside the visible spectrum (e.g., in energy harvesting) or for interfaces with complex dielectrics (e.g., semiconductors). This work synthesized discrete dipole computation of local physical/optical interaction with coupled dipole approximation of far-field Fano coupling to precisely distinguish effects of locally discontinuous dielectric environment and structural inhomogeneity on complicated spectra from a square lattice of gold nanospheres supported by complex dielectric substrates. Experimental spectra decomposition of resonant energies/bandwidths elucidated indium tin oxide affected surfaced plasmon resonance while silica affected diffractive coupled resonance features. Energy transport during plasmon decay was examined for each substrate under a variety of physical support configurations with the gold nanospheres. The compact, multi-scale approach can be adapted to arbitrary nanoantenna shapes (e.g., nanorings) interacting with various dielectrics (e.g., dichalcogenides). It offers >10 4 -fold reduction in computation time over existing descriptions to accelerate the design and implementation of functional plasmonic systems.
"DO THEY EVEN HAVE THAT ANYMORE": THE IMPACT OF REDESIGNING A MINORITY ENGINEERING PROGRAM

Academic areas such as science, mathematics, and engineering have been pressed to supply our technological society’s ever increasing demand for an educated and skilled workforce. Attempting to broaden participation, minority and multicultural engineering programs (MEPs) operate within institutional climates transformed by post-affirmative action policies, shrinking state funding, corporate influence, and ongoing social inequality. In this paper, the MEP at the University of Oklahoma (OU) serves as a case study to observe how one institution responded to changing economic and political forces and the resulting impact on student participants. To emphasize minority while maintaining a focus on diversity, the OU administration broadened the MEP mission to include First Generation students. This change coincided with the physical relocation of the MEP offices and a transition in MEP staff. Recognizing that underrepresented students’ experiences are often marginalized and not always heard by policy makers, we analyzed 208 semistructured interviews of 138 engineering majors in search of insight about how those decisions were experienced by African American, Hispanic American, Asian American, and Native American undergraduate engineering students. For some students, the broadening of the program’s mission and changes in personnel provided access to resources previously not proffered to them; other students expressed an acute sense of loss of program identity. Literature about organization change indicates that attention by the institution to multidirectional, culturally competent communication might have made these transitions less stressful for the disaffected students. Institutional recognition and understanding of diverse and sometimes competing cultures can effectively facilitate program restructuring motivated by social, political, and economic forces.
Economic and Environmental Drivers of Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among Socioeconomically Diverse Adults in Vermont

ABSTRACTFruit and vegetable (FV) consumption has been linked to positive health outcomes. States and municipalities have encouraged participation in the local food system to foster public health and other community benefits. This study examines determinants of fruit and vegetable intake in Vermont through the use of a representative statewide poll. Ordered logit regression models examined the drivers of FV consumption. Buying direct from farmers and perceived impacts on health and the environment significantly increase reported FV consumption likelihood across all participants. Implications focus on messages around the environmental benefits of FV consumption and efforts to increase local food accessibility.
Successful Modification of Medical Students’ Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Modifying identified risk factors for cardiovascular disease should change an individual's risk. Educational interventions might change behavior to modify some risk factors. To evaluate this possibility, we evaluated the health and fitness status of freshman medical students at the University of Utah (n = 89) in 1983 and determined their cardiovascular risk factors. During a preventive cardiology course later that year, students received their results. We reevaluated the students during their senior year using the same method. For both years, we obtained complete data on 77 (87%) of the eligible students. As freshmen 83% of these students had at least one modifiable risk factor, compared with 62% with a risk as seniors. The number of reevaluated students with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low estimations of aerobic capacity, or both, decreased significantly (P = .009 and P = .0008, respectively). The preventive cardiology educational intervention may have changed behavior and improved cardiovascular risk factors.
High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of strychnine in grain baits.l.

A simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure is described for the determination of strychnine. Grain baits containing strychnine alkaloid are ground, mixed, and extracted by shaking with chloroform. Without further cleanup, extract filtrates are injected directly into a liquid chromatograph. Chromatography is complete within 7 min and peak heights are used for quantitation. Separations were made on a 30 cm times 4 mm id stainless steel column packed with mu Porasil (8-12 mum silica). The eluting solvent was methanol-chloroform (10+90) at a flow rate of 2.0 ml/min. Recovery of spiked samples ranged from 91.5 to 95.2%. Confirmation of strychnine from a commercial sample was made by high resolution mass spectrometry with mass agreement to 1.2 ppm.
Nanoparticle Assembly and Gelatin Binding Mediated by Triple Helical Collagen Mimetic Peptide

Peptide-conjugated nanoparticles (NPs) have promising potential for applications in biosensing, diagnosis, and therapeutics because of their appropriate size, unique self-assembly, and specific substrate-binding properties. However, controlled assembly and selective target binding are difficult to achieve with simple peptides on NP surfaces because high surface energy makes NPs prone to self-aggregate and adhere nonspecifically. Here, we report the self-assembly and gelatin binding properties of collagen mimetic peptide (CMP) conjugated gold NPs (CMP-NPs). We show that the orientation of CMPs displayed on the NP surface can control NP assembly either by promoting or hindering triple helical folding between CMPs of neighboring NPs. We also show that CMP-NPs can specifically bind to denatured collagen by forming triple-helical hybrids between denatured collagen strands and CMPs, demonstrating their potential use for detection and selective removal of gelatin from protein mixtures. CMP conjugated NPs offer a...
Motor neuron disease

O neuronio motor caracteriza-se pela distribuicao n a regiao anterior da medula e tronco cerebral desempenhando papel de integracao de impulsos de origem do sistema nervoso central e a tividade muscular. Para e stabelecer determinada funcao, torna-se necessario u ma e strutura a primorada, d e a lta a tividade metabolica, constituida de um corpo celular, axonio extenso com ramificacoes dendriticas frequentes s ustentadas por um citoesqueleto e porcao terminal integrado a juncao neuromuscular e musculo esqueletico. O corpo celular apresenta alta a tividade oxidativa mitocondrial necessarias para a producao d e e nzimas e outras proteinas responsaveis pela manutencao da integridade funcional, eliminando residuos toxicos a celula, estruturando o citoesqueleto para garantia de um t ransporte a xonal adequado, garantindo a neuroprotecao d iante do stress metabolico. O axonio constitui-se de fibras grossas mielinizadas, d e rapida c onducao, transmitindo um impulso originado por input excitatorio glutamatergico. As patologias que a fetam o n euronio motor caracterizam-se por causarem apoptose neuronal, isto e dano na estrutura funcional celular, seja por alteracoes do DNA ou por stress funcional, ou necrose c om agressao d ireta a o n euronio motor como na poliomielite, alem disto, nota-se que as patologias diferem-se na variabilidade de acometimento anatomico, com seletividade por locais e organelas especificas, reforcando as varias possibilidades etiologicas. A doenca do neuronio motor e um t ermo q ue se a plica a sindromes clinicas com caracteristicas proprias como a Esclerose Lateral Amiotrofica (ELA), Atrofia Muscular Progressiva (AMP), Esclerose Lateral Primaria (ELP), Paralisia Bulbar Progressiva(PBP). A Esclerose Lateral Amiotrofica, caracteriza-se por uma doenca degenerativa, q ue afeta o corno anterior da medula, tronco cerebral e celulas de Betz do cortex motor, causando morte no corpo celular do neuronio motor de maneira cronica e rapidamente progressiva com obito em torno de 03 a 05 anos apos o inicio da sintomatologia .
The Relative Importance of Temperature and Time in the Cold Conditioning of Beer

The impact on the development of turbidity from chilling lager-style beer at constant low temperatures and alternating to low temperatures has been investigated. Irrespective of whether a beer is held isothermally or has received a change in temperature of storage, the magnitude of the haze that develops is determined by the extent of chilling that the beer encounters. Equally, the length of storing a beer at a prior, higher temperature does not influence the extent of haze development when the beer is subsequently brought to a lower temperature. These observations support the contention that in the formation of insoluble material during cold conditioning of beer, a short period at a very low temperature (e.g., −2.5°C) is more efficacious than a prolonged period at a warmer temperature (e.g., 0°C).
Lagrangian model of the frequency-temperature behavior of SAW resonators

The experimental studies of temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) of SAW resonators were usually modeled by TCF models first proposed by Bechmann, Ballato and Lukaszeck[1]. These models unfortunately were not frame invariant with regards to the material property tensors of the crystal substrate and metal interdigital transducers (IDTs). Furthermore the models did not have the 3rd order nonlinear elastic constants that were needed to account for the effects of thermal strains from mountings, boundary constraints, and material interfaces. We employed a Lagrangian model of TCF of SAW resonators wherein governing equations for incremental vibrations superposed on thermal strains were implemented in a finite element program. The model used material coordinates referred to a fixed reference frame at a reference temperature, therefore the material property tensors were frame invariant. In addition it had a term that was a product of the 3rd order nonlinear elastic constants and thermoelastic strains. This product could account for the thermoelastic strains from interfacial stresses and boundary conditions. The objective of our study was to provide an accurate and detailed finite element model of the effects of the crystal substrate, metal IDTs, and stack layers on the TCF of SAW resonators. Good comparisons of model results with the experimental results were found for the 1 GHz lithium tantalate YXl 42° shear horizontal SAW resonator. Characterization of the electrode film properties was found to be important, especially when the film thickness was increased from 2000 A to 4000 A.
Developing Rested Harvest Strategies for Rainbow Trout

AbstractHarvesting fish for slaughter commonly elicits a generalized stress response, which can negatively affect meat quality and processing efficiency. Sedatives used before or during harvest (i.e., “rested harvest”) can minimize these effects. Use of chemical sedatives is regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and, unfortunately, none are approved for rested harvest. Electrosedation technology is not currently subject to the same regulatory constraints as chemosedation, but its effectiveness in the context of rested harvest has not been adequately tested. Accordingly, we tested the influence of chemo- and electrosedation rested harvest protocols on Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Marketable-sized fish (~500 g/fish) were subjected to 3 min of crowding and chasing directly after capture (control) or following treatment with eugenol (10 mg/L) or one of five DC electrosedation protocols. After the challenge, fish were sampled to determine blood chemistry profiles or slaughtered by dewatering...
Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in the Peri-Stem Cell Transplantation Period Correlate with Fluctuations in Peripheral Blood Counts but Not with Inflammation.

Abstract The period from the conditioning regimen to engraftment of allogeneic stem cells is characterized by regimen-induced tissue damage, major fluctuations in blood counts and periods of fever associated with infection and graft-versus-host disease. To understand accompanying changes in cytokine in the post-graft period we studied 11 patients receiving T cell depleted (TCD) (5) or selectively T cell depleted SCT (6). Plasma was stored for every 3 days (total 126 samples) from first day of conditioning with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation up to day 42 post-transplant. Cytokines measured were: lymphocyte- (TNFa; IFNg, IL-1, IL-6, IL-17), monocyte/macrophage- (IL-1, IL-6; TNFa; IL-12p70; IL-18) or somatic cell- (IL-6, IL-17) derived inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-5; IL-10, IL-13; IL- 1ra), (c) cytokines involved in leukocyte trafficking (CCL2; CCL4; CCL5; CXCL10), (d) cytokines involved with hematopoietic cell recovery (SCF, IL-7, IL-15, G-CSF), and tissue repair and remodeling following injury (PDGFbb, VEGF, HGF). Cyclosporine was given as GvHD prophylaxis. Three TCD patients developed limited, grade I-II skin GvHD between 21–24 days post-SCT. Four cytokine patterns were observed rarely detected or detected but never elevated: IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13 were detectable in some samples, but at a median level of below 10 pg/ml (Fig. A). detectable in >90% of samples in normal levels without significant fluctuations: SCF, SCGF, HGF, and GM-CSF (Fig. B) Inverse correlation of levels with neutrophil counts: G-CSF, MCP-1/CCL2, and IL-6 (FFig. C); lymphocyte counts: IL- 15 (r = −0.44; p Direct correlation with lymphocyte counts: RANTES, IFNg, IL-17, and TNFa, IL-7, LIF, IL-18, and IP-10/CXCL10. RANTES significantly correlated with IL-1ra (monocyte, neutrophil-derived; r=0.79), and with IFNg (r=0.82) levels, as were IFNg (T cell/NK cell-derived) levels with IL-1ra (r=0.89), suggesting that both were regulated through exposure to pathogen-derived Toll-like receptor ligands. To examine the effect of inflammation, we compared body temperature and C-reactive protein (CRP) with cytokine levels. A significant positive correlation was found between these parameters and IL-6 (r=0.33 for temperature; r=0.42 for CRP). Furthermore, IL-6 correlated significantly with G-CSF (r=0.75) and MCP-1/CCL2 (r=0.53), suggesting a common regulatory mechanism and/or cellular source of their synthesis and secretion. These data indicate that fluctuations in many cytokines around the time of SCT are governed by homeostatic mechanisms, or reflect the cell count. Notably during the conditioning regimen cytokine levels tended to fall, and we did not identify cytokine characteristic of the cytokine storm. Inflammatory cytokines were mainly detected in the early post-transplant phase associated with fever and raised CRP but not with GVHD. Download : Download high-res image (117KB) Download : Download full-size image
Competition of wood products with different fiber transformation and import sources

Japan and China have been two leading importers of wood products in the global market, and the trade pattern for China since 1993 has largely repeated that for Japan in the 1960s. In this study, the import demand of wood products in Japan and China between 1995 and 2013 by product type and source is assessed using the translog cost function and cointegration analysis. Wood products are classified into three main types by the degree of processing and transformation on wood fiber: roundwood, sawnwood, and wood-based panels. The own-price elasticities are overall inelastic, but they can become very elastic for some source-differentiated products (e.g., sawnwood import by Japan and roundwood import by China from the United States). Clear substitutability across product types and supplying sources is identified. Wood products with a different degree of processing or from different sources can be substituted with each other when they are used by wood-utilizing industries in the importing countries. The substitute relation will continue to present both opportunities for economic development and challenges for global environment protection.
Effect of Sodium Chloride, pH and Temperature on Growth of Shigella flexneri

A systematic study of the effect of sodium chloride (0.5, 2.0, 3.5, 5.0%), pH (7.5, 6.5, 5.5), and temperature (37, 28, 19, 10°C) on growth of Shigella flexneri is reported for the first time, using a factorial design. Experiments were done using Brain-Heart Infusion media inoculated to contain 1 × 103 cfu/ml and incubated on rotary shakers (150 rpm). Growth curves were plotted from the experimental data by means of the Gompertz equation, and growth rates, lag times, generation times, and maximum populations were derived for all variable combinations. Results indicated that the three variables interact to affect the growth of S. flexneri , and combinations of low temperature, low pH, and high sodium chloride contents are strongly inhibitory.
Urban American Indian Centers in the late 1960s-1970s: An Examination of their Function and Purpose

The post-World War Two effort by the federal government to alleviate endemic poverty on federal Indian reservations and to encourage Indian assimilation into the “mainstream” society by relocating Native Americans to cities is a familiar topic to scholars of contemporary American Indian history. So too are the many problems facing new relocatees, and the rise of urban Indian institutions to assist them adjust to urban life. Considerably less attention, however, has been paid to the specific forms of assistance provided by urban Indian centers, their important functions as “safe places” and oases of cultural preservation, and the serious problems they faced trying to address the complex needs of a burgeoning urban Indian population. This paper seeks to examine the specific functions and purposes of urban Indian centers via an analysis of a National Council on Indian Opportunity (NCIO) survey conducted in 1972 of seventeen Indian centers located across the country. Such an examination will not only shine light on the important functions of Indian centers, but confirm the magnitude of the problems facing Indian relocatees.