cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of off-season potential breeding sources for spotted wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura) in Michigan.

It has been suggested that fruit wastes including dropped and unharvested fruits, and fruit byproducts (i.e., pomace) found in fruit plantings and cideries or wine-making facilities could serve as potential off-season breeding sites for spotted wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae)). This idea, however, has yet to be widely tested. The goal of our study was to determine the potential of dropped fruit and fruit wastes as Fall spotted wing Drosophila breeding resources in Michigan, USA. Fruit waste samples were collected from 15 farms across the lower peninsula of Michigan and were evaluated for spotted wing Drosophila and other drosophilid emergence and used in host suitability bioassays. All of the dropped apples, pears, grapes, and raspberries and 40% of apple and 100% of grape fruit pomace evaluated were found to contain spotted wing Drosophila with the highest numbers collected from dropped grapes and pears. Greater spotted wing Drosophila recovery was found in fruit wastes at sites attached with cideries and wine-making facilities and with multiple cultivated fruit crops than sites with no cideries and only one crop. Females oviposited in raspberry, pear, apple, grape, apple pomace and grape pomace samples with the highest rates of reproduction in raspberries. Our results demonstrate that fruit wastes including dropped berry, pomme and stone fruits, as well as fruit compost may be important late season reproductive resources for spotted wing Drosophila.
Case study: Fixture water use and drinking water quality in a new residential green building

Abstract Residential plumbing is critical for the health and safety of populations worldwide. A case study was conducted to understand fixture water use, drinking water quality and their possible link, in a newly plumbed residential green building. Water use and water quality were monitored at four in-building locations from September 2015 through December 2015. Once the home was fully inhabited average water stagnation periods were shortest at the 2nd floor hot fixture (90 percentile of 0.6–1.2 h). The maximum water stagnation time was 72.0 h. Bacteria and organic carbon levels increased inside the plumbing system compared to the municipal tap water entering the building. A greater amount of bacteria was detected in hot water samples (6–74,002 gene copy number/mL) compared to cold water (2–597 gene copy number/mL). This suggested that hot water plumbing promoted greater microbial growth. The basement fixture brass needle valve may have caused maximum Zn (5.9 mg/L), Fe (4.1 mg/L), and Pb (23 μg/L) levels compared to other fixture water samples (Zn ≤ 2.1 mg/L, Fe ≤ 0.5 mg/L and Pb ≤ 8 μg/L). At the basement fixture, where the least amount of water use events occurred (cold: 60–105, hot: 21–69 event/month) compared to the other fixtures in the building (cold: 145–856, hot: 326–2230 event/month), greater organic carbon, bacteria, and heavy metal levels were detected. Different fixture use patterns resulted in disparate water quality within a single-family home. The greatest drinking water quality changes were detected at the least frequently used fixture.
A Theory For Interdecadal Climate Fluctuations

The unexpected and prolonged persistence of warm conditions over the tropical Pacific during the early 1990’s should be viewed, not as a prolonged El Nino, but as part of a decadal climate fluctuation that is governed by different physical processes. Whereas interannual fluctuations, including El Nino, amount primarily to a horizontal redistribution of warm surface waters within the tropics, interdecadal climate fluctuations involve changes in the properties of the equatorial thermocline because of an influx of water from higher latitudes. The influx affects equatorial sea surface temperatures and hence the tropical and extra-tropical winds that in turn affect the influx. Such processes can give rise to continual interdecadal oscillations.
Partial and Full-Thickness RCT: Modern Repair Techniques.

The purpose of this article is to review the recent literature concerning modern repair techniques related to partial- and full-thickness rotator cuff tears. The understanding of rotator cuff pathology and healing continues to evolve, beginning with emerging descriptions of the anatomic footprint and natural history of rotator cuff tears. Significant controversy remains in treatment indications for partial-thickness rotator cuff lesions as well as optimal surgical repair techniques for both partial- and full-thickness tears. Techniques such as margin convergence and reduction of the so-called “comma” tissue have improved the ability to anatomically reduce large and retracted tears. Repair strength and contact pressures are improved with double-row repairs and transosseus-equivalent techniques compared to traditional single-row repairs. Future work is directed towards obtaining reliable radiographic healing and demonstrating clinical superiority and cost-effectiveness of a single technique. Much recent work regarding rotator cuff anatomy and pathology has been reported. Newer techniques improve repair strength. Despite these advances, significant questions remain concerning surgical indications and clinical outcomes.
The importance of local and regional factors in predicting effective conservation Planning strategies for wetland bird communities in agricultural and urban landscapes

Wetland assessment techniques have generally focused on rapid evaluations of local and site impacts; however, wetland biodiversity is often influenced both by adjacent and regional land use. Forty wetlands were studied in the Red River Valley (RRV), Southwest Prairie (SWP), and the Northern Hardwood Forest (NHF) ecoregions of Minnesota, USA, to assess the strength of association between local and landscape condition and avian community composition. We examined the relationship between bird assemblages and local and landscape factors (connectedness, isolation, road density, and site impacts). Landscape variables were calculated for three spatial scales at 500 m (79 ha), 1000 m (314 ha), and 2500 m (1963 ha). Connectedness and road density are important measures for predicting bird assemblages in both agricultural ecoregions (SWP and RRV). Connectedness and its relationship with wetland bird assemblages were most pronounced at the larger scale (2500 m), where the largest remnant patches can be discerned. In contrast, road effects on bird assemblages were most pronounced at the smallest scale (500 m). Wetland isolation corresponded to bird community patterns as well, but only in one ecoregion (SWP). In the urbanizing ecoregion (NHF), species richness was considerably lower than elsewhere but community patterns did not correspond to landscape variables. The focus of wetland conservation planning needs to shift from the site scale to the landscape scale to ensure that connection with the regional wetland pattern is accounted for, therefore, affording the best opportunity to successfully maintain wetland avian diversity.
Water budgets of two watersheds in different climatic zones under projected climate warming

A deterministic monthly runoff model (MINRUN96)was applied to watersheds with substantially differentclimates. One watershed is in the north-central U.S.(Minnesota) and is heavily timbered. The other is inthe south-central U.S. (Oklahoma) and is mainlycovered with pastures and agricultural crops. Runoffwas simulated for past historical climate and twoprojected 2 × CO2 climate scenarios. The output ofGeneral Circulation Models (GCMs) was used to specifythe two 2 × CO2 climate scenarios. One GCM is theGoddard Institute of Space Studies (GISS) model andthe other is from the Canadian Center of ClimateModelling (CCC). In the northern watershed morerunoff is projected to occur in winter under a warmerclimate and less runoff in spring. About 80%increase in fall runoff and 20% decrease in soilmoisture in June and July is projected for thesouthern watershed. When runoff simulations for the2 × CO2 climate scenarios were compared to pastrunoff, it was apparent that the change in runoffdepended on both the season and the magnitude of theprecipitation change. An increase in springprecipitation caused a significant increase in directrunoff, whereas an increase in fall precipitationcaused only a slight increase in total runoff. Alsothe runoff-precipitation relationship in the warm andseasonally dry southern watershed is very differentfrom that in the temperate and humid climate of thenorth. Therefore, runoff responses to projectedclimate change are substantially different in the tworegions.
Legacy city residents’ lack of trust in their governments: An examination of Flint, Michigan residents’ trust at the height of the water crisis

We document the level of trust that Flint, Michigan residents had in their local and state governments during the water crisis, a series of government failures that resulted in lead and other conta...
Nursing Facilities Can Reduce Avoidable Hospitalizations Without Increasing Mortality Risk For Residents.

Implementation of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services’ Initiative to Reduce Avoidable Hospitalizations among Nursing Facility Residents reflected recognition of the adverse impacts of ex...
The influence of age and time horizon perspective on consumer behavior

Past research has highlighted the role of time horizon view (i.e. the perception of remaining time as either limited or expansive) in goal salience and goal pursuit. Past studies have consistently found that age is associated with an increased focus on emotion. The present article focuses on the perception that time is limited as a key reason for older (versus young) adults' increased focus on emotions. This article investigates some important effects of aging and time horizon view on consumers' goals and preferences using Socioemotional Selectivity Theory.
Crystal Growth Phenomena in Polycrystalline (Cu)ZnTe/CdTe/CdS Via Molecular Dynamics

Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations were applied to study the crystal growth phenomena in polycrystalline (Cu)ZnTe/CdTe/CdS heterostructures. Our results show that polycrystallinity, polytypism and Cu clustering are accurately predicted. The resulted films are zinc blende structure preferentially. The CdTe/CdS interface exhibits a high degree of disorder compared to the (Cu)ZnTe/CdTe interface. Stoichiometry plays an important role for the formation of Cu clusters and diffusion of Zn and Cu into the CdTe substrate. Dislocation motion is captured and analyzed.
Collective ventilation in honeybee nests

European honey bees ( Apis mellifera) live in large congested nest cavities with a single opening that limits passive ventilation. When the local air temperature exceeds a threshold, the nests are actively ventilated by bees fanning their wings at the nest entrance. Here, we show that colonies with relatively large nest entrances use an emergent ventilation strategy where fanning bees self-organize to form groups, separating regions of continuous inflow and outflow. The observed spatio-temporal patterns correlate the air velocity and air temperature along the entrances to the distribution of fanning bees. A mathematical model that couples these variables to known fanning behaviour of individuals recapitulates their collective dynamics. Additionally, the model makes predictions about the temporal stability of the fanning group as a function of the temperature difference between the environment and the nest. Consistent with these predictions, we observe that the fanning groups drift, cling to the entrance boundaries, break-up and reform as the ambient temperature varies over a period of days. Overall, our study shows how honeybees use flow-mediated communication to self-organize into a steady state in fluctuating environments.
Paradoxical Puma Prohibits Pyruvate Pumps to Prime Pathology.

PUMA is a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein that can act as a tumor suppressor or oncogene in different cancers. In this issue, Kim et al. show that PUMA, independent of its apoptotic function, enforces glycolytic metabolism by inhibiting the transport of pyruvate into the mitochondria, promoting hepatocellular carcinoma.
An inverse problem with single measurement generated by a plane wave

AbstractGlobal uniqueness of inverse problem for a hyperbolic PDE with the unknownpotential and a single incident plane wave is a well known long standing open question.This question is addressed for the case when derivatives with respect to variablesorthogonal to this plane wave are expressed via nite di erences. This preprint is avalaible on-line at http://www.ma.utexas.edu/mp arc, 2011, postingdate May 3, 2011. 1 Introduction For the sake of brevity we consider here only the 3-D case. All theorems below have almostidentical formulations and proofs for the nD case with n2:Below x = (x;y;z) 2R 3 :Let the function a2C 2 (R 3 ) and is bounded in R 3 together with its derivatives. Considerthe Cauchy problemu tt = u+ a(x)u;(x;t) 2R 3 (0;T); (1.1)u(x;0) = 0;u t (x;0) = (z): (1.2)Conditions (1.1), (1.2) mean that the wave eld uis initialized by the plane wave at theplane fz= 0g:This plane wave propagates along the zaxis. Let A x ;A y ;T = const:>0:De ne the strip GasG = fx : x2(0;A
Implementing clinic-wide depression screening for pediatric diabetes: An initiative to improve healthcare processes.

Objective Youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) endorse high rates of depressive symptoms, which can significantly impair self-management, glycemic control, and quality of life. Current guidelines recommend annual depression screening for all adolescents with T1D, but few models exist to implement screening procedures across clinics in this population. The primary aim of this project was to increase depression screening from 0% to 80% in four clinics, and to describe the structured quality improvement process to reach this goal. Methods All patients aged 12 to 21 years old with T1D at four participating clinics in a Midwestern hospital system were eligible to participate. Using a two-stage process, patients were administered the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2 plus PHQ-9 if positive) annually. Rates of depression screening by clinic site, rates of positive depression screens, social worker documentation of follow-up care, and associations with diabetes-related health outcomes were analyzed. Results Over 2 years, average depression screening rates increased from 0% to 75% across all clinics, and 89% of patients with a positive screen met with a social worker for a targeted mental health assessment. At initial screening, 7.6% of patients screened positive for at-risk depressive symptoms on the PHQ-2 and from that group, 6.7% additionally screened positive on the PHQ-9. Conclusions Annual depression screenings were feasibly implemented across four clinics and the use of real-time data listening and automated processes facilitated successful implementation. Future directions include further automation, targeted training and billing mechanisms, dissemination to non-metropolitan clinics, and further assessment of depression screening tools for adolescents with T1D.
Vitamin A and Wound Healing

Vitamin A is a general term for retinoids. Vitamin A deficiency leads to a variety of cutaneous manifestations. It also functions as a hormone through retinoic acid receptors altering the activity of multiple cell lines. Pancreatic vitamin A levels are critical for retinoid signaling and normal pancreatic control of glucose. Vitamin A deficiency is more common during infection, and supplementation reduces severe morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases. Vitamin A modulates activities at the cellular level and, via its interrelationship with hormones such as thyroid, insulin, and corticosteroids, has diffuse metabolic effects on the body. It plays an important role in all stages of wound healing. Vitamin A is known for its ability to stimulate epithelial growth, fibroblasts, granulation tissue, angiogenesis, collagen synthesis, epithelialization, and fibroplasia. Local (topical) and systemic supplementation with vitamin A has been proven to increase dermal collagen deposition. There are numerous animal studies and limited human studies regarding physiologic effect of vitamin A on acute or chronic wounds via systemic or topical administration. The most common use of vitamin A supplementation is to offset steroids' effect. When considering supplementation, the potential benefits must be weighed against the risk of harm. Vitamin A toxicity can be critical and even result in death. The evidence for supplementation with vitamin A is currently limited to expert opinion and is not backed up by rigorous trials. There is an acute need for therapeutic trials with vitamin A supplementations.
Cuba’s National School of Ballet: Redefining a structural icon

Abstract The National School of Ballet is one of five art schools designed in Havana, Cuba during the reign of Fidel Castro. While construction of the schools started in the early 1960s, it was halted before the building was completed resulting in the eventual abandonment of the school. Currently, the school is in a state of disrepair and preservation plans are being drafted to restore it. Historically, it was thought that many of the large spans in the ballet complex were constructed using an approach called thin-tile vaulting. However, during fieldwork in Havana, the authors found that despite surface-level appearances, the complex is not entirely constructed with thin-tile vaulting. In many cases, a surface-level of thin-tile vaulting covers reinforced concrete structural systems. The objective of this work is to understand and document the structural systems of the National Ballet School, specifically the main dome. The buildings were documented using terrestrial photography and spherical imaging; structural analysis of the main dome was carried out using a combination of analytical and numerical methods. By combining these methods, it was found that the design of the National Ballet School economically, elegantly, and efficiently blends reinforced concrete with thin-tile vaulting to showcase the mastery of the engineers and builders.
BAP1: role in carcinogenesis and clinical implications

BRCA-1 associated protein 1 (BAP1) is a tumor suppressor gene that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several malignancies and is gaining more recognition as a crucial gene that could be amenable to therapeutic manipulation. There is a growing interest in prevention and establishing cancer screening guidelines in patients with germline BAP1 mutations to aid with early detection and treatment of associated malignancies. We aim to give a concise review of BAP1 and its role in carcinogenesis, the BAP1 cancer predisposition syndrome and discuss clinical implications including suggested screening guidelines, and potential targeted therapeutic options.
Bayesian Elicitation.

How can a receiver design an information structure in order to elicit information from a sender? We study how a decision-maker can acquire more information from an agent by reducing her own ability to observe what the agent transmits. Intuitively, when the two parties' preferences are not perfectly aligned, this garbling relaxes the sender's concern that the receiver will use her information to the sender's disadvantage. We characterize the optimal information structure for the receiver. The main result is that under broad conditions, the receiver can do just as well as if she could commit to a rule mapping the sender's message to actions: information design is just as good as full commitment. Similarly, we show that these conditions guarantee that ex ante information acquisition always benefits the receiver, even though this learning might actually lower the receiver's expected payoff in the absence of garbling. We illustrate these effects in a range of economically relevant examples.
History of tobacco, vitamin D and women.

Abstract. Tobacco usage kills more than 8 million people a year. Approximately 7 million of those deaths are the result of direct tobacco use, while approximately 1.2 million are the result of non-...
COVID-19 related social distancing measures and reduction in city mobility

In the absence of any pharmacological intervention, one approach to slowing the COVID-19 pandemic is reducing the contact rate in the population through social distancing. Governments the world over have instituted different measures to increase social distancing but information on their effectiveness in reducing mobility is lacking. We analyzed the mobility data from 41 cities to look at the effect of these interventions. The median mobility across cities on March 2, 2020 was 100% (IQR: 94%, 107%), which decreased to a median of 10% (IQR: 7%, 17%) on March 26, 2020. We found that the mobility decreased on average by 3.4% (95%CI: 3.3%, 3.6%) per day from March 2 through March 26. Social distancing measures decreased the mobility by an additional 23% (95%CI: 20%, 27%). Our study provides initial evidence for the reduction in mobility in cities instituting social distancing measures.
Fruit and Vegetable Purchases and Consumption among WIC Participants after the 2009 WIC Food Package Revision: A Systematic Review

To promote fruit and vegetable (FV) intake among participants, the USDA Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) implemented a comprehensive food package revision in 2009. However, to our knowledge, no studies have systematically explored the factors related to FV purchases and/or consumption among WIC participants in the post-2009 revision era. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic literature review using PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science using key search terms. Studies published from January 1, 2007, through February 28, 2019, were included, since an interim rule for the WIC food package revision was issued in 2007. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses format. The articles were grouped based on main themes or factors, settings, design, study years, and sample size. Thirty-nine articles met the inclusion criteria. Seven main themes or factors related to FV purchases and/or consumption in WIC participants were identified in these articles. The 2009 WIC food package revision was the most-studied factor (n = 9). National and state-level studies showed a consistently positive relation between the 2009 revision and FV purchases and/or consumption. However, some studies did not find a positive relation. State-level policy variations can be exploited as natural experiments to assess the causality of state-level factors in WIC participants' FV purchases or consumption. The majority of the included studies were limited in being local (n = 26, 66.7%), cross-sectional (n = 29, 74.4%), or having sample sizes <1000 (n = 25, 64.1%), which could explain the diverse results regarding the relation between FV purchases and/or consumption and various factors, including individual, store, and program characteristics.
The ESCRT protein CHMP5 restrains skeletal progenitor cell senescence by preserving endo-lysosomal-mitochondrial network

Abstract The endocytic pathway actively interacts with mitochondria in maintaining cellular homeostasis. However, how the dysfunction of this inter-organelle interaction causing pathological outcomes remains less understood. Here we show that an aberrant endocytic pathway from the deficiency of CHMP5 in skeletal progenitor cells causes accumulation of functionally compromised mitochondria, which induce cellular senescence via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress and DNA damage. These senescent progenitors can lead to distorted skeletal growth via a combination of cell-autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms. Consequently, mice lacking Chmp5 in Ctsk-expressing periskeletal progenitors or Dmp1-expressing musculoskeletal progenitors develop multiple skeletal/muscular abnormalities, including robust bone overgrowth, progressive joint stiffness, and myopathy. Targeting senescent cells using senolytic drugs significantly alleviates these lesions and improves animal motility. Overall, our results reveal that CHMP5 restricts skeletal progenitor cell senescence through maintaining the endo-lysosomal-mitochondrial network and cell senescence represents a yet unexplored mechanism for detrimental alterations from the perturbed organelle network.
Growing silk fibroin in advanced materials for food security

This perspective provides an overview of the micro-/nanofabrication methods developed for structural biopolymers, highlighting recent advances in the rapid and ease construction of complex and multifunctional silk fibroin-based devices by integrating top-down manufacturing with bottom-up molecular self-assembly. Of particular interest is the development of a new nanofabrication strategy that employs templated crystallization to direct silk fibroin folding and assembly from a suspension of disordered, random coil molecules to ordered, hierarchical mesostructured materials. Such advancements in structural biopolymers fabrication provide the basis for engineering a new generation of technical materials that can be interfaced with food and plants.
Foundations of Comparison: Finding Home in a Material Field Site, a Digital Field Site, and a Virtual Village

To teach one’s students by drawing on information from one’s field site is to bring two “homes” into contact with one another: the home of one’s classroom with one’s students and the home of a field site filled with friends and “fictive family”. It means helping two different home communities translate and understand one another, bringing into sharper relief the challenges of translating that teaching—and fieldwork—perpetually entail. Creating an online pedagogical tool based on one’s field site brings all of these issues into focus, as one also manages the spatial and temporal variances inherent in many digital humanities projects.
Carl Gelderloos. Biological Modernism: The New Human in Weimar Culture : Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2020, 226 pp., ISBN 978-0-8101-4132-2

In Biological Modernism, Carl Gelderloos maps Weimar Germany’s interdisciplinary engagement with “life” to demonstrate how figures like Helmuth Plessner, Alfred Doblin, and Ernst Junger drew on org...
Conflict and Commerce in Maritime East Asia: The Zheng Family and the Shaping of the Modern World, c.1620–1720

Introduction 1. Setting the stage 2. From smuggler-pirates to loyal Confucians 3. Between trade and legitimacy 4. Brave new world 5. The Zheng state on Taiwan 6. The lure of 'China' 7. A contingent destruction 8. Conclusion Appendices Bibliography Index.
Constrained iterative ensemble smoother for multi solution search assisted history matching

History matching algorithms usually converge to the most prominent solution in the hypercube of parameter space defined by bound values. Here, we present a workflow to partition the parameter space into subdomains by defining a set of constraints. Then, a constrained history matching algorithm is developed to search each subdomain for a solution. This algorithm enables the engineers to solve the history matching problem subject to a set of general nonlinear/linear constraints on model parameters. The history matching problem definition follows a Bayesian framework, where the solution is obtained by maximizing the parameter’s posterior probability density conditioned to the field data. With the proposed constrained algorithm, the optimization is subject to a set of constraints on model parameters. The optimizer is an iterative ensemble smoother and the constraints are enforced in a secondary update step at each optimization iteration by projecting the solutions to the feasible domain. The projection operator is derived from the Lagrangian form of the constrained problem, and based on linearizing the active set of constraints at the ensemble updates. The proposed constrained history matching algorithm and multi-solution search workflow are tested on an optimization test problem to validate its robustness and efficiency. Then history matching of a reservoir under water flooding is investigated where the history matching variables are the parameters for the relative permeability curves and the multipliers for the regional rock property fields. The constraints include relations between porosity and permeability multipliers as well as the relative permeability curve parameters. The constrained history matching algorithm could robustly find the feasible solutions which provided acceptable data matches. Moreover, with the application of the presented workflow, multiple solutions could be obtained for the history matching problem.
Vicarious Liability for AI

When an algorithm harms someone—say by discriminating against her, exposing her personal data, or buying her stock using inside information—who should pay? If that harm is criminal, who deserves punishment? In ordinary cases, when A harms B, the first step in the liability analysis turns on what sort of thing A is. If A is a natural phenomenon, like a typhoon or mudslide, B pays, and no one is punished. If A is a person, then A might be liable for damages and sanction. The trouble with algorithms is that neither paradigm fits. Algorithms are trainable artifacts with “off” switches, not natural phenomena. They are not people either, as a matter of law or metaphysics. An appealing way out of this dilemma would start by complicating the standard A-harms-B scenario. It would recognize that a third party, C, is usually lurking nearby when an algorithm causes harm, and that third party is a person (legal or natural). By holding third parties vicariously accountable for what their algorithms do, the law could promote efficient incentives for people who develop or deploy algorithms and secure just outcomes for victims. The challenge is to find a model of vicarious liability that is up to the task. This chapter provides a set of criteria that any model of vicarious liability for algorithmic harms should satisfy: 1. Identify which third party or parties will be liable 2. Be robust enough to avoid gamesmanship 3. Give efficient incentives to all parties involved 4. Produce fair outcomes 5. Have low barriers to implementation 6. Promote programming values, like interpretability Though relatively few in number, the criteria are demanding. Most available models of vicarious liability fail them. Nonetheless, the chapter ends on an optimistic note. The shortcomings of the models considered below hold important lessons for uncovering a more promising alternative.
From the Editor of Sexuality and Disability: Reflection

An editorial is presented on the Sexuality and Disability. The article discusses that Sexuality and Disability has pushed for pragmatic knowledge to have international impact on education, research, and practice;and Sexuality and Disability makes available original impact articles addressing the mental health and medical healthcare aspects of sexuality in relation to rehabilitation.
Clinical and Military Outcomes of Kidney Diseases Diagnosed in Active Duty Service Members.

Introduction Renal biopsy is a valuable tool for determining diagnosis, management, and prognosis of intrinsic kidney diseases. Indications for biopsy depend on the clinical presentation. Within the military, renal biopsies also enable medical review boards to make military service fitness assessments after diagnosis of a kidney disease. There are no recent studies evaluating kidney disease diagnoses and clinical outcomes after renal biopsy at military treatment facilities. Additionally, no studies have examined overall healthcare and military career outcomes following renal biopsy. Materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed all native renal biopsies performed on active duty beneficiaries at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center from 2005 to 2020. We determined the prevalence of those who progressed to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), kidney transplantation, doubling of serum creatinine, nephrotic-range proteinuria (NRP; proteinuria >3.5 g/day), medical evaluation board (MEB) outcomes, and death. The Armed Forces Health Longitudinal Technology Application and the Joint Legacy Viewer electronic medical record systems were used to access clinical and laboratory data at the time of biopsy and subsequent outcomes. Death data were collected using the Defense Suicide Prevention Office database. Results There were 169 patients in the cohort, with a mean follow-up of 7.3 years. Mean age was 32 years; 79% male; 48% white; and 37% black. Sixty-seven percentage of them were junior or senior enlisted. The most common indication for renal biopsy was concomitant hematuria and proteinuria (31%). The most common histologic diagnoses were immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (23%), followed by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS; 17%) and lupus nephritis (12%). Eleven percentage of them progressed to ESKD, of whom 87% received a kidney transplant (10% overall). Thirty percentage of the patients progressed to NRP and 5% died. Forty-seven percentage of our patients underwent MEB after diagnosis, and of these, 84% were not retained for further military service. Although IgA nephropathy was the most commonly diagnosed condition, FSGS and lupus nephritis diagnoses were significantly more likely to result in MEB. Conclusions and implications Immunoglobulin A nephropathy was the most frequent histologic diagnosis in active duty service members undergoing renal biopsy between 2005 and 2020. Despite being largely young and previously healthy, 11% progressed to ESKD and 5% died. A confirmed histologic diagnosis was associated with separation from the service and the end of military careers for 84% of the patients in the cohort who underwent MEB.
Chapter 6. Antihypertensive Agents

Publisher Summary Cardiovascular disease accounts for more expenditures on health care than any other diagnostic category and hypertension is the most prevalent cardiovascular condition. While unit costs for hypertension treatment are low, aggregate costs are enormous because of the large and growing population of patients who are treated. Pharmacologic therapy of hypertension decreases the overall cardiovascular morbidity and mortality but fails to show a clear reduction in the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Although many explanations have been offered for the lack of demonstrated benefit for CHD, the hypothesis that has been under continued focus involves the unfavorable metabolic and biochemical changes caused by diuretics or β-adrenoceptor antagonists devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. These drugs are used in majority of the hypertensive clinical trials and adversely affect many of the known risk factors for CHD, including hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and elevated plasma catecholamine levels. These potentially deleterious changes might have offset expected benefits of blood pressure reduction. As CHD is still the primary cause of death, long-acting calcium entry blockers, angiotens in converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, α 1 -adrenoceptor antagonists and centrally acting α 2 -adrenoceptor agonists, which have less negative impact on the risk factors, continue to gain support as alternate choices for first-line therapy. Proponents of the traditional drugs argue that diuretics and beta-blockers have been shown to reduce the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in long-term clinical trials and that the lower doses of diuretics now used may not have persistent adverse effects on serum lipids.
Clinical Significance of Cation Channel Antibodies in Motor Neuron Disease (P5.066)

Objective: The clinical implication of cation channel (voltage-gated potassium channel complex antibody (VGKC-Ab), voltage-gated calcium channel antibody (VGCC-Ab), and ganglionic acetylcholine receptor antibody (GAchR-Ab) in patients with motor neuron disease (MND) has yet to be characterized. Methods: 28 patients with MND possessing one or more cation channel antibodies were retrospectively analyzed according to coexisting neurological diagnoses, presence of other autoimmune or neoplastic markers, and rate of disease progression. Results: 27/28 patients were diagnosed with possible, probable or definite ALS as defined by modified El Escorial Criteria. 1/28 carried a diagnosis of PLS. Average age was 62 years with 68[percnt] males. 9/28 (32[percnt]) patients were found to have low VGKC-Ab titer (mean of 0.14 and range of 0.05-0.25 nmol/L). 10/28 (36[percnt]) patients held positive titers for GAchR-Ab (mean of 0.16 and range of 0.03-0.49 nmol/L). VGCC-Ab were positive in 9/28 patients (N-type mean of 0.15 and range of 0.06-0.31; P/Q-type mean of 0.52 and range of 0.06-2.11 nmol/L). Malignancy screening was negative in 11/28 patients with no subsequent development of cancer in any patient. Autoimmune screening was performed in 12/28 patients, 11/12 exhibiting negative results with 1/12 showing weak ANA positivity. Typical autoimmune neurologic syndromes associated with these antibodies were not identified in any patient. Average survival from date of symptom onset was 38 months, consistent with published data on MND survival. Rate of disease progression determined by using initial and most recent ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised scores was -0.40. Conclusion: Low titers of VGKC-Ab, VGCC-Ab and GAchR-Ab can be seen in patients with MND. Their presence does not appear to serve as markers for co-morbid neurologic diseases specific for these antibodies, reflect the presence of occult malignancies or exert notable impact on rate of disease progression. Disclosure: Dr. Donaldson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Li has nothing to disclose.
Multiple primary cancers in patients treated for carcinoma of the cervix.

Abstract The occurrence of multiple primary cancers always arouses speculation concerning effect of the first lesion upon the risk for developing a subsequent one. Incidence rates have been difficult to obtain due to the paucity of cases and to the lack of standard rules for identifying true examples of new tumors. Long periods of follow-up can be condensed into expressions of man-years of observation by correcting life tables. The incidence of new cancers per man-year can be related to the average age of patients and compared with rates for cancer in comparable age groups of normal population. Data from 874 consecutive cases of cervical cancer treated during the years 1937–1967 are found in agreement with those reported by other authors in that the rate noted for new cancers does not differ from that occurring in the normal population. Awareness to the possibility for multiple primary cancers and the types most frequently encountered is of direct importance in the regular posttreatment examinations of patients with carcinoma of the cervix.
Characterization of a region in mature LamB protein that interacts with a component of the export machinery of Escherichia coli.

It has been shown that the synthesis of an export-defective protein can interfere with the normal export process in Escherichia coli by limiting the availability of SecB protein, a component of the export apparatus (Collier, D.N., Bankaitis, V.A., Weiss, J.B., and Bassford, P.J. (1988) Cell 53, 273-283). Consistent with this observation, we find that the interference elicited by an export-defective LamB protein is a titratable response resulting from the limitation of a single ligand. We have mapped the interfering region in LamB to between amino acids 320 and 380 of the mature protein. Expression of this sequence in the form of a LacZ-LamB-LacZ fusion protein elicits the export interference phenotype. Deletion of the sequence from an export-defective LamB protein eliminates the ability of this protein to interfere with the export of other secreted proteins. Together, these findings show that this sequence is both necessary and sufficient to cause export interference. Surprisingly, deletion of this sequence from an otherwise wild-type LamB protein does not cause the mutant LamB product to exhibit any obvious export defect. Based on our results, we propose that SecB interacts with both amino acids 320-380 of mature LamB and the LamB signal sequence during initiation of the export process.
Querying and indexing XML documents

In this paper, we describe XMLIndex, a system for indexing and querying XML documents. The overall architecture of this system contains many of the traditional database system components, but extends them to XML documents. We describe the implementation of the system and the mechanism we developed by which XMLIndex can retrieve the data from XML documents efficiently in a very user-friendly way using a graphical user interface. We also compare the execution time for some queries running on this system, and the impact of creating the indexes on the performance.
Amino acid sequence of a sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein from the sandworm Nereis diversicolor

Muscles of invertebrate species contain abundant quantities of soluble, sarcoplasmic, high affinity Ca2+-binding proteins (SCBPs). The SCBPs belong to the calmodulin superfamily and contain four homologous domains (I-IV) which arose by reduplication of a gene for a small ancestral protein. We have determined the amino acid sequence of the SCBP from the sandworm Nereis diversicolor. This protein is the only SCBP which has been crystallized in a form suitable for three-dimensional structure determination by high-resolution x-ray analysis (Babu, Y. S., Cox, J. A., and Cook, W. J. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 11184-11185). N. diversicolor SCBP is a single polypeptide chain of 174 amino acids, including single residues of glutamine and histidine, 2 tyrosines, and 3 tryptophans. It is devoid of cysteine and has an acetylated amino terminus, a calculated Mr of 19,485, and a net charge of -13 at neutral pH. There was no evidence for heterogeneity in the sequence. Probable Ca2+-binding sites were recognized in domains I, III, and IV. Comparison with other available invertebrate SCBP sequences shows an unusually high degree of variability among these proteins, with only 9 residues common to all species.
A review of outcomes of an intracavernosal injection therapy programme.

Study Type – Therapy (outcomes research) Level of Evidence 2b What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Intracavernosal injection (ICI) therapy is an important treatment option for erectile dysfunction. However, high discontinuation rates have been reported for ICI therapy, and a risk of priapism has long been a concern. There has never been a large sample study performed with multivariate analysis to characterise outcomes of ICI therapy. The present paper reviews ICI therapy outcomes in a very large population of men at a tertiary care Sexual Medicine Clinic over 5 years. Multivariate analysis was used to further characterise these outcomes. The present study shows that for a large percentage of our sample of patients, ICI therapy is a successful treatment strategy. And, while discontinuation rates are still high, many of those not continuing ICI therapy achieved success with phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Also, the incidence of priapism was less in the present study than previously reported. OBJECTIVES • To review the outcomes, adverse events and discontinuation rates of intracavernosal injection (ICI) therapy in men with erectile dysfunction (ED) in a sexual medicine practice over a 5-year period at a tertiary referral centre. • Since 1983, ICI has become a staple therapeutic option and high success rates have been reported. However, priapism is a significant concern and discontinuation rates are estimated to be >50%. PATIENTS AND METHODS • Men presenting with ED who were enrolled in our ICI programme between September 2002 and August 2006 were followed at least annually. • Patient demographic information, agents used, erectile function outcomes and adverse events were recorded. • Failure was defined as the inability to have penetrative sex. Discontinuation was defined as patient declaration of such, failure to attend an annual follow-up visit or failure to call for a repeat prescription. • Multivariable analysis was used to define predictors of failure to respond to ICI therapy, as well as predictors of discontinuation within 36 months of starting ICI in those patients responding. RESULTS • In all, 1412 patients had complete data and constituted the study population. Most patients were using Trimix and 89% of Trimix users were capable of having sexual intercourse. • Response rates were lower in pelvic radiation and diabetic patients. • However, the discontinuation rate was significant; it was lower in men who had not undergone radical prostatectomy (RP). Of note, many RP patients discontinued ICI because of recovery of natural or phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor-assisted erections. CONCLUSIONS • ICI therapy is associated with very high success rates even in men with high comorbidity profiles; however, the discontinuation rates, even in men who had not undergone RP, by the end of the third year are significant. • Of note, the recorded priapism rate was extremely low (0.5%).
Necessity of substorm expansions in the initiation of steady magnetospheric convection

[1] Steady magnetospheric convection (SMC) events occur during enhanced solar wind driving of the magnetosphere and are characterized by quasi-stable convection, without any substorm expansions, for several hours. Previous research has hinted that a substorm onset may be required before the magnetosphere can enter the SMC mode of response. For the first time, we show statistically that nearly all SMC events are preceded by a substorm. Only 1% of SMC events occur without any preceding substorm signatures. The typical magnetospheric reaction to enhanced solar wind driving is a substorm. After this occurs, we find that the duration and stability of southward IMF determines whether a particular substorm will transition into an SMC event or not. The initial substorm sets up a high pressure region in the inner magnetosphere that causes flux diversion to the flanks, which allows closed flux from the nightside x-line to return to balance the dayside reconnection rate.
Static Strength of Adhesively Bonded ARALL-1 Joints:

ARALL® Laminates are a family of structural composite materials which consist of thin aluminum alloy sheets alternating with aramid fiber/epoxy prepreg layers developed for fatigue-critical applications requiring light gage sheet. To obtain the benefits associated with ARALL Laminates, the joint regions must be designed to carry the required loads without incurring a substantial weight penalty. This paper considers the static strength of adhesively bonded ARALL-1 single and double lap joints. Single and double lap joints with various overlap lengths were fabricated using two standard ARALL thicknesses: 3/2 ARALL-1 (three layers of aluminum with 2 prepreg layers) and 5/4 ARALL-1 (five layers of aluminum with four prepreg layers). These joints were tested in uniaxial tension. A shear lag analysis based on failure of the adhesive was used to predict the failure load as a function of the joint configuration and overlap length. A finite element analysis was used to determine the interlaminar shear and tensile ...
Warfarin therapy: how the less interesting half just got interesting

See also Rulcova A, Prokopova I, Krausova L, Bitman M, Vrzal R, Dvorak Z, Blahos J, Pavek P. Stereoselective interactions of warfarin enantiomers with the pregnane X nuclear receptor in gene regulation of major drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes. This issue, pp 2708–17.