cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Solving the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski equation for monodomain nanomagnets : A survey and analysis of numerical techniques

The stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski (s-LLGS) equation is widely used to study the temporal evolution of the macrospin subject to spin torque and thermal noise. The numerical simulation of the s-LLGS equation requires an appropriate choice of stochastic calculus and numerical integration scheme. In this paper, we comprehensively evaluate the accuracy and complexity of various numerical techniques to solve the s-LLGS equation. We focus on implicit midpoint, Heun, and Euler-Heun methods that converge to the Stratonovich solution of the s-LLGS equation. By performing numerical tests for both strong (path-wise) and weak (statistical) convergence, we quantify the accuracy of various numerical schemes used to solve the s-LLGS equation. We demonstrate a new method intended to solve Stochastic Differential Equations (SDEs) with small noise (RK4-Heun), and test its capability to handle the s-LLGS equation. We also discuss the circuit implementation of nanomagnets for large-scale SPICE-based simulations. We evaluate the efficacy of SPICE in handling the stochastic dynamics of the multiplicative noise in the s-LLGS equation. Numerical schemes such as Euler and Gear, typically used by SPICE-based circuit simulators do not yield the expected outcome when solving the Stratonovich s-LLGS equation. While the trapezoidal method in SPICE does solve for the Stratonovich solution, its accuracy is limited by the minimum time step of integration in SPICE. We implement the s-LLGS equation in both its cartesian and spherical coordinates form in SPICE and compare the stability and accuracy of the two implementations. The results in this paper will serve as guidelines for researchers to understand the tradeoffs between accuracy and complexity of various numerical methods and the choice of appropriate calculus to solve the s-LLGS equation.
The Communication Privacy Management of Adopted Individuals in Their Social Networks: Disclosure Decisions in Light of the Discourse of Biological Normativity

Although adoptees are often stigmatized for their nonnormative identity, adopted individuals must communicate with nonfamily members to integrate their adoptive identity into their definition of self. In the current study, adult adoptees (n = 25) were interviewed about their processes for disclosing their adoptive status in their social networks. Drawing upon communication privacy management (CPM) theory, inductive analyses demonstrated that adoptees created motivational and contextual criteria to enact privacy rules surrounding adoption. Adoptees maintained privacy to avoid messages of “difference,” insensitive comments, imperviousness, and negative opinions about adoption. Adoptees disclosed about their adoption to build relational closeness and to educate/advocate for adoption. These privacy decisions were undergirded by the societal assumption that families are biologically linked or the discourse of biological normativity (Suter et al., 2014).
Mass Media and Postmodernity: The Cultural Politics of Silencing in Jean Baudrillard

(1987). Mass Media and Postmodernity: The Cultural Politics of Silencing in Jean Baudrillard. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 10, Communication Yearbook 10, pp. 666-683.
A polynomial approximation-based approach for chance-constrained optimization

We proposed a polynomial approximation-based approach to solve a specific type of chance-constrained optimization problem that can be equivalently transformed into a convex programme. This type of ...
Tablet-based Screening for Hearing Loss: Feasibility of Testing in Nonspecialty Locations.

Objective To determine the feasibility of audiometric screening with tablet-based applications in typical clinic locations: examination room and clinic waiting area. Study design A randomized prospective study. Setting Tertiary referral center. Patients Participants included 107 adult patients referred for audiometric testing to assess hearing loss. Intervention Each patient completed standard audiometry testing and one of three tablet-based audiometric applications that included pure-tone air conduction testing. The tablet-based audiometric testing was completed in a quiet examination room and a clinic waiting area using noise-cancellation headphones. A 5-question patient satisfaction survey was completed at the end of the testing. Main outcome measure Thresholds at each frequency were compared with those obtained from tablet-based audiometric applications in a quiet examination room and clinic waiting area. Sensitivity and specificity of each tablet-based audiogram in detecting a hearing loss at each frequency was determined. Results All three tablet-based audiometric applications were user-friendly for hearing screening. However, one application was shown to be feasible and the most accurate of the three tested with 92% of thresholds within 10 dB of conventional audiometry across all test conditions. This application had a sensitivity of 96 to 100% and specificity of 72 to 85% for identifying a hearing loss in each frequency tested. Variability was noted among applications between testing in a quiet clinic room and testing in the clinic waiting area. Patients showed no preference for either conventional audiometry or the tablet-based device. Conclusion Tablet-based audiometric applications can be used to screen for hearing loss in typical clinic locations. This tool does not replace standard audiometry testing but allows for screening for hearing disorders when appropriate and in settings without access to audiometric equipment.
Grudging Trust and the Limits of Trustworthy Biorepository Curation

Kraft and colleagues (2018) present an analysis of focus groups assembled to provide guidance on governance practices for biorepository-based research initiatives like the National Institutes of He...
Orbital effect for the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov phase in a quasi-two-dimensional superconductor in a parallel magnetic field

We theoretically study the orbital destructive effect against superconductivity in a parallel magnetic field in the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO or LOFF) phase at zero temperature in a quasi-two-dimensional (Q2D) conductor. We demonstrate that at zero temperature a special parameter, $\ensuremath{\lambda}={l}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}(H)/d$, is responsible for strength of the orbital effect, where ${l}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}(H)$ is a typical ``size'' of the quasiclassical electron orbit in a magnetic field and $d$ is the interplane distance. We discuss applications of our results to the existing experiments on the FFLO phase in the organic Q2D conductors $\ensuremath{\kappa}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{(\mathrm{ET})}_{2}\mathrm{Cu}{(\mathrm{NCS})}_{2}$ and $\ensuremath{\kappa}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{(\mathrm{ET})}_{2}\mathrm{Cu}[\mathrm{N}{(\mathrm{CN})}_{2}]\mathrm{Cl}$.
AEROM: NASA's Unsteady Aerodynamic and Aeroelastic Reduced-Order Modeling Software.

The origins, development, implementation, and application of AEROM, NASA’s patented reduced-order modeling (ROM) software, are presented. Using the NASA FUN3D computational fluid dynamic (CFD) code, full and ROM aeroelastic solutions are computed at several Mach numbers and presented in the form of root locus plots. The use of root locus plots will help reveal the aeroelastic root migrations with increasing dynamic pressure. The method and software have been applied successfully to several configurations including the Lockheed-Martin N+2 supersonic configuration and the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH, Sweden) generic wind-tunnel model, among others. The software has been released to various organizations with applications that include CFD-based aeroelastic analyses and the rapid modeling of high-fidelity dynamic stability derivatives. We present recent results obtained from the application of the method to the AGARD 445.6 wing that reveal several interesting insights.
Investigating acoustic cues in automatic detection of learners' emotion from auto tutor

This study investigates the emotion-discriminant ability of acoustic cues from speech collected in the automatic computer tutoring system named as Auto Tutor. The purpose of this study is to examine the acoustic cues for emotion detection of the speech channel from the learning system, and to compare the emotion-discriminant performance of acoustic cues (in this study) with the conversational cues (available in previous work). Comparison between the classification performance obtained using acoustic cues and conversational cues shows that the emotions: flow and boredom are better captured in acoustics than conversational cues while conversational cues play a more important role in multiple-emotion classification.
Longitudinal association of inflammation with depressive symptoms: A 7-year cross-lagged twin difference study.

Abstract Background The direction of the association between inflammation and depressive symptoms remains inconsistent. The objective of this study was to evaluate the temporal relationship between inflammation and depressive symptoms, and to assess the role of genetic factors on this association. Methods In this longitudinal cross-lagged twin difference study, we examined 166 (83 pairs) middle-aged male twins recruited from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry, who were assessed at baseline and after 7 years of follow-up. We assayed plasma levels of two inflammatory biomarkers, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) and measured depressive symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI). To evaluate the direction of the association, we constructed multivariable mixed-effects regression models and calculated standardized beta-coefficients to compare the strength of the within-pair association for both pathways. We then conducted a stratified analysis by zygosity and assessed the associations in monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs separately. Results The 166 twins were 95% white and had a mean (SD) age of 54 (3) years at baseline. The cross-lagged analysis showed significant and positive associations from visit 1 IL-6 to visit 2 BDI across all models (beta-coefficients ranging from 0.18 to 0.22). However, the opposite pathway (visit 1 BDI to visit 2 IL-6) was not significant after adjusting for confounding factors. In contrast, visit 1 BDI was significantly associated with visit 2 CRP in all models (beta-coefficients ranging from 0.23 to 0.33), while the opposite pathway (visit 1 CRP to visit 2 BDI) showed no significant association. When stratifying by zygosity, significant associations from IL-6 to depression were only seen in monozygotic twins, but associations from depression to CRP were more robust in dizygotic twins, which implies that genetic factors may play a role in this association. Conclusions The association between inflammation and depression may be bidirectional. Elevated IL-6 levels are more likely to be a risk factor of depression rather than a consequence, while the opposite may be true for elevated CRP. The biological underpinnings of these bidirectional pathways need further evaluation.
Immune challenge-induced oxidative damage may be mitigated by biliverdin

ABSTRACT An effective immune response results in the elimination of pathogens, but this immunological benefit may be accompanied by increased levels of oxidative damage. However, organisms have evolved mechanisms to mitigate the extent of such oxidative damage, including the production and mobilization of antioxidants. One potential mechanism of mitigating immune challenge-induced changes in oxidative physiology is increasing biliverdin production. Biliverdin is chemically an antioxidant, but within-tissue correlations between biliverdin concentration and oxidative damage have never been directly examined. To test how biliverdin tissue concentrations are associated with physiological responses to an immune challenge, we exposed northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) to one of four treatments: injection of a non-pathogenic antigen – either lipopolysaccharide or phytohemagglutinin, control injection of phosphate-buffered saline or a sham procedure with no injection. Twenty-four hours later, we quantified oxidative damage and triglyceride concentration in the plasma, and biliverdin concentration in the plasma, liver and spleen. We found that both types of immune challenge increased oxidative damage relative to both non-injected and vehicle-injected controls, but treatment had no effects on any other metric. However, across all birds, oxidative damage and biliverdin concentration in the plasma were negatively correlated, which is consistent with a localized antioxidant function of biliverdin. Additionally, we uncovered multiple links between biliverdin concentration, change in mass during the immune challenges and triglyceride levels, suggesting that pathways associated with biliverdin production may also be associated with aspects of nutrient mobilization. Future experiments that manipulate biliverdin levels or oxidative damage directly could establish a systemic antioxidant function or elucidate important physiological impacts on body mass maintenance and triglyceride storage, mobilization or transport.
Multiple Instance Learning for Benign vs. Malignant Classification of Lung Nodules in CT Scans

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is used to classify nodules as malignant or benign on 275 benign cases and 96 malignant samples from the publicly available Lung Image Database Consortium Image Collection (LIDC-IDRI) for Computer Aided Diagnosis without predefined Regions of Interest (ROIs) from lung cancer screening thoracic CT scans. By fusing the results of two texture features based on the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and Local Binary Patterns (LBP), a classification was performed over 5 fold cross validation using Support Vector Machines for Multiple-Instance Learning (MI-SVM) classifier. The resulting average Area Under Curve, Specificity, Sensitivity, and Accuracy were: 0.9696, 0.9855, 0.6979 and 0.9111 respectively.
LIKELIHOOD OF SPONTANEOUS CARDIOVERSION AMONG PATIENTS PRESENTING TO THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AT SHORT-TERM FOLLOW-UP

Patients (pts) presenting to the emergency department (ED) with a primary diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF) are often admitted. To reduce hospitalizations, ED cardioversion (CV) protocols are often used. We propose an alternative protocol to discharge stable pts to a specialized AF clinic within
Development of tunable filters using self-folding technology

This paper seeks to demonstrate the functionality and verify the capabilities of capacitance adjustment by a self-folding device. The self-folding devices using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) shrink wrap and copper foil tapes with predefined creases were fabricated. By modifying a simple self-folding device and exposing it to a temperature between 50 to 90 degrees Celsius, the capacitor plates could be angled from 15 to 90 degrees. As a result, the capacitance changed as the inner angle decreased, from only 0.724 picofarads measured at 90 degrees, to 2.27 picofarads measured at 15 degrees. With the capacitance for each angle obtained, the next phase of development was conducted, to determine the tune-ability using a passive high pass filter. By scaling up the number of self-folding capacitors to thirty times, a cut-off frequency of 4.99 kHz at 15 degrees up to 7.25 kHz at 75 degrees was measured. As a result, this paper’s unique way of turning a self-folding device into a capacitor demonstrates great potential for development of tunable filters using capacitance adjustment and self-folding.
Outcomes After Percutaneous Angioplasty of Arteriovenous Fistulas and Grafts in African American Patients

Abstract Purpose Arteriovenous fistulas and grafts, necessary for hemodialysis, may develop stenoses due to neointimal hyperplasia, which often require percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Patient and lesion characteristics were evaluated prior to angioplasty and were correlated with 1- and 6-month outcomes. Materials and Methods This was an observational study of African American hemodialysis patients who presented for angioplasty of a dysfunctional fistula or graft. Clinical outcomes were ascertained from dialysis facilities 1 month and 6 months after angioplasty. One-month clinical success was defined as dialyzer blood flows of 450 mL/min without complications or interval shunt thrombosis, interventions, or loss of access, which was rarely achieved at 6 months. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations of clinical variables with outcomes. Results There were 150 stenoses treated during 99 procedures performed on 82 patients. The clinical success rate at one month was 67% with no complications as a result of the percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Success at 1 month was positively associated with use of aspirin (P = .005) and with referral for high venous pressures (P = .004). Six-month data were available for 81 procedures, with 45.7% requiring repeat angioplasty and 12.3% suffering major complications (thrombectomy, revision surgery, or access abandonment). Major complications were seen predominantly in patients who were not receiving aspirin. Conclusions Aspirin use and high venous pressure were associated with 1-month clinical success and fewer major complications at 6 months. Future work should investigate biologic mechanisms of action of aspirin and long-term effects of use to maintain vascular access.
Analysis of Results of Determining HbsAg and ALT in Students Taking College Entrance Examination in Wuxi City

[Objective]To understand the positive rate of HBsAg and abnormality state of ALT in students taking university entrance examination in Wuxi,and provide evidence for the health intervention to students before the college entrance examination and the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B.[Methods]3 ml venous blood was collected and using Reitman and ELISA to detect the level of ALT and HBsAg.[Results]The positive rate of HBsAg in students taking university entrance examination from 2004 to 2008 was 2.63%,and the rate declined year by year;meanwhile,the abnormality rate of ALT showed an increasing tendency.There lied significantly difference between genders:male higher than female.[Conclusion]Prevention and treatment of hepatitis B among adolescent should be strengthened,especially for the hepatitis B vaccine inoculation.Comprehensive intervention measures should be taken on students taking university entrance examination,and psychological counseling should be strengthened for students with anomaly detection indicators.
Geochronology of the southern margin of the Bighorn Batholith, Wyoming

Abstract The Bighorn Mountains in north-central Wyoming reveal one of the largest exposures of 2800 Ma to 3000 Ma rocks in Laurentia. The northern part of the crystalline core is composed of the composite Bighorn batholith, whereas the central and southern areas of the range expose older gneiss complexes as well as minor supracrustal rocks. We provide new high-resolution LA-ICPMS U-Pb data on zircons sampled from eleven samples of tonalite, granodiorite, mylonite, and migmatite from the southern margin of the Bighorn batholith in the headwaters of the north fork of Paint Rock Creek. These rocks range from strongly foliated to massive and are difficult to subdivide into mappable units in the field because of their lithologic and structural similarities. Several cross-cutting mylonite zones ( 3000 Ma, ranging to 3500 Ma, which indicates assimilation of older crust. Each of the three age populations reported here are older than the previously reported age of ∼2850 Ma age for the northern Bighorn Batholith but within the 2890 Ma, 2940 Ma, and 2950 Ma age groupings previously reported for the southern gneiss terrane. Three conclusions can be drawn from these data. First, the Bighorn batholith, at least along the southern margin, contains phases at least 80 million years older than the northern phase of the body, and emplacement was protracted and occurred over a ∼100 Ma period. Second, episodes of both intrusion and shearing took place in this area as the various phases of the Bighorn batholith were emplaced. Finally, the existence of inherited zircons within the Bighorn batholith in the age range of ∼3.0 Ga to 3.5 Ga indicates that the Bighorn batholith intruded through older crust. This older crust is perhaps a northern extension of Sacawee block in the northern Granite Mountains of central Wyoming, which may underlie the Bighorn Mountains.
Inventing Others in Digital Written Communication: Intercultural Encounters on the U.S.-Mexico Border:

At a multinational company, daily written communication between staff, supervisors, customers, and suppliers is frequently conducted using digital tools (e.g., emails, smartphones, and texting appl...
Adapted gauge to a quasilocal measure of the black holes recoil

We explore different gauge choices in the moving puncture formulation in order to improve the accuracy of a linear momentum measure evaluated on the horizon of the remnant black hole produced by the merger of a binary. In particular, motivated by the study of gauges in which $m\ensuremath{\eta}$ takes on a constant value, we design a gauge via a variable shift parameter $m\ensuremath{\eta}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{r}(t))$. This new parameter takes a low value asymptotically, as well as at the locations of the orbiting punctures, and then takes on a value of approximately 2 at the final hole horizon. This choice then follows the remnant black hole as it moves due to its net recoil velocity. We find that this choice keeps the accuracy of the binary evolution. Furthermore, if the asymptotic value of the parameter $m\ensuremath{\eta}$ is chosen about or below 1.0, it produces more accurate results for the recoil velocity than the corresponding evaluation of the radiated linear momentum at infinity, for typical numerical resolutions. Detailed studies of an unequal mass $q={m}_{1}/{m}_{2}=1/3$ nonspinning binary are provided and then verified for other mass ratios $(q=1/2,1/5)$ and spinning ($q=1$) binary black hole mergers.
E-055 FLAIR hyperintensities on MRI in M2 occlusion

Background M2 segment occlusion of the middle cerebral artery is a potentially debilitating cause of stroke, and the data is unclear on the optimal method of treatment for these patients. FLAIR hyperintense vessels (FHV) on MRI have been postulated to be correlated with ischemic penumbra, and we sought to evaluate the incidence of this radiologic finding in patients with M2 occlusion. Additionally, the prognosis of M2 occlusion stroke is unclear, and we studied the incidence of deterioration as well as the incidence of interventional treatment at our center. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients admitted to our comprehensive stroke center with an acute ischemic stroke due to occlusion of an M2 branch of the middle cerebral artery who underwent MRI brain during their hospitalization, and analyzed their clinical and imaging features. The M2 segment was defined as distal to the first bifurcating branch. FLAIR hyperintense vessels were defined as a linear hyperintensity present on two or more slices conforming to the location of the middle cerebral artery. Neurologic deterioration was defined as a decline by more than 4 NIHSS points or a sustained new neurologic deficit. Results A total of 98 patients were treated at our center for M2 occlusion from 2012–2017. 71 patients (72%) received an MRI brain during their hospitalization and were included in this analysis. FLAIR hyperintense vessels were present in a total of 30 (42.3%). 20 patients (28.2%) deteriorated during their stay, and FHV were present in 12/20 of these patients. Of the 51 patients who did not deteriorate, FHV were present in only 17 of them. Patients who deteriorated appeared to be more likely to have FHV than those who did not deteriorate (47% difference, CI 21.4243–63.4427, p = 0.0004). Figure 1 demonstrates the presence of FHV in a patient which resolved after mechanical thrombectomy, supporting the hypothesis that FHV represents the ischemic penumbra. Conclusion FHV may be a risk factor for neurologic decline in patients with M2 occlusion, though more data is needed to determine the utility of FHV in assessing risk of neurologic worsening. Our analysis did not take into account differences between treated and untreated patients; prior studies have suggested FHV correlates with ischemic penumbra and may correlate with better collateral circulation. Further studies are needed to correlate FHV with perfusion imaging and outcome adjusted for treatment. Disclosures K. Dakay: None. M. Jayaraman: None. R. McTaggart: None. S. Yaghi: None. G. Jindal: None. S. Cutting: None.
Convective and conductive heat transfer of creeping flow in a multi-particle system

Abstract In this study, a new approach is developed to separately examine conductive and convective heat transfers through an assemblage of solid particles with fluid flowing through it. The inter-particle interactions are taken into account by using the cell model. The energy equations are solved along with the creeping flow field using a finite difference based numerical method for a range of physical and kinematic conditions. One new feature about the developed approach is that it can explicitly separate two mechanisms of conduction and convection by introducing effective convective heat transfer and effective conductive heat transfer coefficients, respectively. Another new aspect is the heat transfer through a multi-particle system when there is an overall temperature gradient in the flow direction. It is demonstrated that convective heat transfer increases linearly with the Peclet number. When the fluid phase is less conductive than the particles, the total effective heat transfer coefficient varies in a small range against the voidage non-monotonically. When the fluid phase is more conductive, although the conductive effect is small, conductive heat transfer increase causes a slight decrease in the fraction of convective heat transfer coefficient from the total heat transfer coefficient. The ratio of fluid and solid particle conductivities has a strong non-linear effect on the heat transfer coefficients. The most significant effect occurs in the range of thermal conductivity ratio of fluid over solid particle between 0.1 and 10. Both the convective and conductive heat transfers are almost linearly proportional to the overall temperature gradient.
A description of students’ commenting behaviours in an online blogging activity:

Student-student interaction can benefit learning as well as provide a sense of community in online courses. Blogging is a common approach to provide opportunities for students to communicate with e...
Supplemental feeds and foraged corn grain dust: a comparison of the number of days survived in vitro by young adult honey bees (Apis mellifera)

To investigate the value of atypical foraging behavior of honey bees (Apis mellifera) during dearth, we compared the number of days survived in vitro among young adult honey bees kept in hoarding c...
Current expenditure upswings in good times and public investment downswings in bad times? New evidence from developing countries

Abstract Anecdotal evidence suggests that policymakers usually cannot resist the temptation of spending more on current expenditure (e.g., wages, transfers) in good times and mostly pick public investment to adjust during bad times. In this paper, we answer the following questions: do current expenditures and public investment react differently to the business cycle? If so, why? In a sample of more than 100 developing countries and 30 developed countries observed between 1980 and 2014, a new empirical regularity specific to developing countries is identified: upswings are associated with increases in current primary expenditures only, while public investment falls and current spending remains acyclical during downturns. Evidence is also presented that this asymmetrical response is more pronounced in countries where incumbent politicians face shorter time horizons and weak institutions. Other types of determinants traditionally discussed in the literature have limited explanatory power.
South African Afrophobia in local and continental contexts

South Africa is the intellectual epicentre of the ideology of African renaissance and of the growing scholarly attention to decoloniality as an epistemological and aesthetic agenda of decolonisation. Paradoxically, the country is also a xenophobic crime scene: the continental state associated with endemic Afrophobic violence. This is a contradiction with both contemporary and historical significance. Positing this framing of a contradictory impulse should come with a caveat: Black South African intellectual investments in pan-Africanist projects were part of a broader cosmopolitan imaginary necessitated by South African colonial history and were thus partly projects of necessity. The origins of this politics of self-fashioning were not exclusively pan-Africanist.
Long-term Care Hospitals and Changing Elderly Care in South Korea

Until recently in South Korea, the central dilemma facing children with ageing parents was how and by whom their parents should be cared for. In accordance with the norm of filial piety, the eldest son used to take responsibility. However, with the recent proliferation of long-term care hospitals, this arrangement is changing. These institutions, which play the combined role of rehabilitative hospital, long-term care centre, and nursing home, admit elderly people who do not require active medical intervention. The government’s promotion of these hospitals, centred on deregulation, ambiguity around their function, and the lack of alternative care facilities, has led to an expansion of the sector and consequently to the ‘nursing hom(e)fication’ of many of these institutions. While these hospitals ease the pressures associated with an ageing population, their mainstreaming has had an impact on healthcare, medicine, and the lives of elderly people. The hospital field has become commercialised, medical practice is being transformed, and the dignity of elderly people is being lost through hospitalisation. In this new care regime, filial piety itself is undergoing transformation—from an ideology underpinning the domestication of care, to the market idiom of service compliance. In this article, I introduce these hospitals and investigate how their growth has brought about a Korean style of elderly care commodification, revealing the undercurrents of healthcare privatisation and the neoliberalisation of welfare.
SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response among Women Infected during Pregnancy.

Objectives Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization as of March 11, 2020. Pregnant women naturally have a reduced immune system due to immunological changes and decreased lung capacity due to respiratory adaptations, making them more susceptible to coronavirus complications. Within the Mount Sinai Health system, more than 15,000 deliveries are performed annually. We began to care for pregnant women with known COVID-19 infections in late March of 2020. In early April 2020, a policy was implemented to perform universal COVID-19 testing for all women planning to deliver within the Mount Sinai Health system. We examined the antibody response of postpartum women who delivered at Mount Sinai Hospital with a SARS-CoV-2 infection between the study intervals during March 15, 2020, through April 30, 2020. Study design This was a prospective observational study examining the immune response of pregnant women who delivered at Mount Sinai Hospital with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Women with a SARS-CoV-2 infection were contacted via phone to discuss participation in the study. Patients who consented were scheduled for a phlebotomy visit to assess their antibody titer levels to COVID-19. The COVID-19 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) immunoglobulin (Ig)-G antibody test was used to evaluate the patients' antibody titers. The assay detects IgG antibodies for the detection of IgG seroconversion in patients following a known recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results A total of 120 patients were identified with a documented SARS-CoV-2 infection who delivered within the prespecified time frame. Of those patients, 25 women agreed to participate and were included. Of them, 64.00% were Caucasian with a mean age of 35 years. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 30 kg/m2 and the majority of patients had commercial insurance (88.00%). The majority of women were asymptomatic for COVID-19 at the time of admission (80.00%) and the average gestational age of delivery and diagnosis of COVID-19 was 39 weeks' gestation. The later the gestational age at the time of diagnosis, the lower the antibody titer response. When examining the interval from diagnosis to antibody titer analysis, patients with the highest titers (2,880) tended to have a shorter interval between their COVID-19 diagnosis and the time at which the titer level was drawn. Patients with symptoms on admission had similar antibody titer levels when compared with women who were asymptomatic. Conclusion The antibody response among women infected with COVID-19 during pregnancy appears to be greater when the patients are diagnosed at an earlier gestational age. Key points · COVID-19 antibody status appears to be greater when diagnosed at an earlier gestational age.. · Asymptomatic and symptomatic pregnant women had similar antibody responses.. · Patients with the highest titers tended to have a shorter interval between their COVID-19 diagnoses..
Public Poverty and the Middle Class Living Standard: A Note

This note, working from the basis of the author's prior paper, argues that the relatively high consumption standard associated with American "middle classness" was defined by the requirements of providing a household a minimum of comfort, mobility, security and economic opportunity in a context of (to use John Kenneth Galbraith's terminology) "private affluence" and "public poverty."
Predicting optimal use of continuous glucose monitors in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: It's about benefit and burden

Abstract Purpose Youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) often use Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) devices; however, many do not wear them consistently enough to obtain optimal glycemic benefit. This study aimed to identify demographic and psychosocial predictors of optimal CGM use in adolescents with T1D to inform nurse-led interventions to improve adherence. Design and methods Cross-sectional survey data from youth (12–19 years) using CGM were analyzed to determine whether perceived benefits/burdens of CGM, self-efficacy, and coping predicted being a “CGM Optimizer” (wearing CGM 6–7 days/week) or “CGM Sub-user.” Results Of 282 adolescents (54% female), 161 were CGM Optimizers and 121 were CGM Sub-Users. Optimizers were younger (15.91 ± 2.17 years vs. 16.79 ± 2.17, p = 0.001), more likely non-Hispanic White (91.9% vs 83.5%, p = 0.029), and more likely to have private insurance (82.0% vs. 69.4%, p = 0.009). Every 1-point increase on Benefits of CGM scale was associated with 2.8 times greater odds of being an Optimizer (OR = 2.82, 95% CI 1.548–5.132, p = 0.001), and every 1-point increase on the Burdens of CGM scale was associated with a 52% decrease in odds (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.283–0.800, p = 0.005), with final logistic regression model (including only these two predictors) explaining 22.3% of variance. Conclusion CGM Optimizing adolescents were more likely to perceive higher benefit and lower burden of CGM. Practical implications Nurse-led interventions to promote benefits of CGM and mitigate burden may help youth increase adherence with CGM to achieve glycemic benefit.
Enhanced endothelin receptor type B-mediated vasodilation and underlying [Ca2+]i in mesenteric microvessels of pregnant rats

Background and Purpose Normal pregnancy is associated with decreased vascular resistance and increased release of vasodilators. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) causes vasoconstriction via endothelin receptor type A (ETAR), but could activate ETBR in the endothelium and release vasodilator substances. However, the roles of ETBR in the regulation of vascular function during pregnancy and the vascular mediators involved are unclear. Experimental Approach Pressurized mesenteric microvessels from pregnant and virgin Sprague–Dawley rats were loaded with fura-2/AM for simultaneous measurement of diameter and [Ca2+]i. Key Results High KCl (51 mM) and phenylephrine (PHE) caused increases in vasoconstriction and [Ca2+]i that were similar in pregnant and virgin rats. ET-1 caused vasoconstriction that was less in pregnant than virgin rats, with small increases in [Ca2+]i. Pretreatment with the ETBR antagonist BQ-788 caused greater enhancement of ET-1-induced vasoconstriction in pregnant rats. ACh caused endothelium-dependent relaxation and decreased [Ca2+]i, and was more potent in pregnant than in virgin rats. ET-1 + ETAR antagonist BQ-123, and the ETBR agonists sarafotoxin 6c (S6c) and IRL-1620 caused greater vasodilation in pregnant than in virgin rats with no changes in [Ca2+]i, suggesting up-regulated ETBR-mediated relaxation pathways. ACh-, S6c- and IRL-1620-induced relaxation was reduced by the NO synthase inhibitor Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, and abolished by tetraethylammonium or endothelium removal. Western blots revealed greater amount of ETBR in intact microvessels of pregnant than virgin rats, but reduced levels in endothelium-denuded microvessels, supporting a role of endothelial ETBR. Conclusions and Implications The enhanced ETBR-mediated microvascular relaxation may contribute to the decreased vasoconstriction and vascular resistance during pregnancy.
Inhalation studies of Mt. St. Helens volcanic ash in animals: II. Lung function, biochemistry, and histology

Rats were exposed by inhalation to 9.4 mg/m3 size-fractionated volcanic ash for 5 days (2 hr/day) and examined for changes in pulmonary function and histology for periods of up to 1 year. Fine-mode volcanic ash, SO2, and a combination of ash and SO2 produced no observable effects in normal rats and rats with elastase-induced emphysema. However, there was a mild irritant response to SO2 which was not influenced by the volcanic ash. Rats injected intratracheally with fine-mode volcanic ash or saline showed no evidence of pulmonary alterations after 6 months. Those injected with coarse-mode volcanic ash showed minor pulmonary functional changes, histologically detectable alveolitis, and small increases in lung weight. In contrast, quartz-injected rats showed large alterations in pulmonary function, lung weight, hydroxyproline levels, and large areas of lung consolidation and fibrosis.
The reaction of liver alcohol dehydrogenase with reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide.

Abstract The combination of DPNH with liver alcohol dehydrogenase (alcohol-NAD oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1) has been examined by rapid spectrofluorimetry. The time course of the fluorescence was the same using six combinations of exciting and observing wave lengths, and could be accounted for by the scheme E + R ⇌ ER where E is the free enzyme and R is DPNH. The value of the combination velocity constant was 5 x 106 m-1 sec-1 at 3°. There was no evidence for the formation of more than one enzyme-DPNH complex.
Identification and partial characterization of a nucleolar antigen with a molecular weight of 145,000 found in a broad range of human cancers

Previous studies in our laboratory have indicated the presence of nucleolar antigens in tumors which were not detected in normal tissues. Some of the polyclonal antisera produced in these studies were shown to identify a M r 145,000 nucleolar antigen on immunoblots of tumor nucleoli but not in normal human liver nucleoli. A monoclonal antibody to a M r 145,000 nucleolar protein (p145) was produced by immunization of mice with a nucleolar extract of HeLa cells which is enriched with this antigen. The monoclonal antibody showed bright nucleolar immunofluorescence localization in a broad range of human tumors including cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, lung, liver, muscle, cartilage, and blood. The p145 nucleolar antigen was not detected in most normal human tissues or in benign tumors, with only weak nucleolar staining observed in spermatogonia of the testes and in ductal regions of some hypertrophied prostates. Nucleolar antigen p145 was extracted from HeLa cell nucleoli by homogenization in a 0.01 m Tris buffer containing 0.2% deoxycholate. On sucrose density gradient centrifugation, the antigen remained sedimented with the nucleolar ribonucleoprotein fraction. Nucleolar antigen p145 was released from ribonucleoproteins following treatment with 4 m guanidinium hydrochloride or RNase. Peptide mapping of nucleolar antigen p145 showed that it was distinct from other known nucleolar antigens. Although it remains to be determined if the p145 antigen plays a role in cell transformation, maintenance of the malignant phenotype, or in cell division, it may have value as a tumor marker or as a therapeutic target.
Current Status of Standardized Nonmetallic Cryogenic Laminates

National Bureau of Standards personnel are continuing to work with magnet fabricators and with representatives of the U.S. laminating industry to establish standard grades of nonmetallic insulator and structural support materials for use in critical parts of magnetic fusion energy (MFE) cryogenic systems. Standardized materials are required for several reasons: (1) excessive variability in the 4-K mechanical properties among nonmetallic laminates purchased to present industrial generic designations, (2) the impracticality of establishing performance specifications for retention of properties after neutron and gamma irradiation at 4 K, and (3) lack of knowledge of the significant elements in a laminate that determine such performance.
A bare PC TLS Webmail Server

Bare PC systems have no operating system or kernel, and can be used for building self-supporting server applications that perform better than conventional servers. The bare PC server application contains the necessary network protocols, does its own memory allocation and task scheduling, and uses direct interfaces to the hardware. We discuss the design and implementation of a TLS Webmail server that runs on a bare PC. Novel design features of the server include intertwining the TLS, HTTP and TCP protocols to reduce inter-layer communication overhead, and using a separate TLS task per connection to improve performance. We also present initial performance measurements in a LAN environment to measure the overhead due to TLS, and the possible speed-up that can be achieved compared to conventional TLS Webmail servers. The results suggest that customized bare PC servers could be designed in the future to meet the security and performance requirements of pervasive computing environments.
Amazon, sorceress, and queen: Women and war in the aristocratic literature of sixteenth-century Italy

(1988). Amazon, sorceress, and queen: Women and war in the aristocratic literature of sixteenth-century Italy. The Italianist: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 33-55.
Afocal attachment to a conical optical beam deflector insensitive to mechanical motor wobble

An afocal optical system designed to be attached to a conical optical beam deflector is discussed. The conical beam deflector generates a collimated optical beam that rotates along a cone-shaped trajectory in space. This output beam is then fed to the afocal attachment, a telescope, designed to tailor the beam characteristics to suit a particular application. For many applications, the afocal attachment functions as a beam expander and modifies three characteristics of the input beam. First, it expands the input beam diameter to an acceptable level. Then, it inevitably reduces the apex cone angle of the beam due to the inherent property of a telescope. Third, the stationary plane, the plane where the apex of the cone resides, is magnified and transferred to the conjugate image plane.
The Effects of Intermittent Chlorination on Rainbow Trout and Yellow Perch

Abstract Rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, and yellow perch, Perca flavescens, were exposed to residual chlorine for single 30-minute and triple 5-minute doses. Tests were conducted at 10, 15, and 20 C with both species plus 25 and 30 C for the perch. Single exposure 30-minute LC50 values for the perch ranged from 0.70 mg/liter at 30 C to 8.0 mg/liter at 10 C. Triple 5-minute exposure LC50 values for the perch were 22.6 and 9.0 mg/liter at 10 and 20 C, respectively. Rainbow trout 30-minute LC50 values were 0.99 and 0.94 mg/liter at 10 and 15 C, respectively. Two groups of trout tested at 20 C yielded 30-minute LC50 values of 0.60 and 0.43 mg/liter. Triple exposure 5-minute LC50 values for the trout were 2.87 mg/liter at 10 C and 1.65 mg/liter at 20 C. Mortality occurred immediately after exposure to chlorine in the 30-minute perch tests at 10 and 15 C, but was delayed 2–12 hours at the higher temperatures. This pattern was reversed in the 5-minute triple exposure tests. Rainbow trout exhibited rapid mortali...
Capacity Fade of 26650 Lithium-Ion Phosphate Batteries Considered for Use Within a Pulsed-Power System’s Prime Power Supply

There is considerable need for a mobile, reliable, efficient, and compact prime power supply for use in a host of directed energy applications. Recent improvements in the energy and power density of electrochemical lithium-ion batteries have made them a very viable option for these types of applications where fast and rep-rate operation is of interest. Despite the proven ability of lithium-ion batteries to source high currents, it is still unclear how they age when they are used to repeatedly source high-rate currents in a pulsed manner, as they must when used in a repetitive rate prime power supply. Similarly, it is unclear how elevated rate recharge affects the life of the battery. Research has been performed at University of Texas at Arlington in which high-power, 2.6 Ah lithium-ion batteries have been repeatedly discharged and recharged at high pulsed rates. This paper will discuss the potential of lithium-ion batteries for use in these applications and will present experimental results performed when two 2.6 Ah cells were both discharged at 28 A (10.8C) and recharged at 9 A (3.5C) to 2.5 and 2.0 V, respectively.
On the possibility of preventing multiple sclerosis

The role of immune complexes in the etiology and pathogenesis of demyelinating diseases, particularly multiple sclerosis, is discussed in the light of numerous observations. It is inferred that a deeper understanding of the role of immune complexes might provide a basis for preventive measures in multiple sclerosis.