cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
One step forward, one step back: “Progressive traditionalism” and the negotiation of domestic labor in evangelical families

A growing body of recent research has examined the contours of evangelical Protestant family discourse and household relations. However, little attention has been paid to the dynamics of domestic labor—i.e., the allocation of household chores, financial provision, and dependent care—within actual evangelical homes. Building on insights from gender theory and theories of family power, I examine how discourses of domestic labor are negotiated via ongoing gender strategies within several evangelical families at a large conservative Protestant church in Texas. To this end, I present case study data drawn from three families that currently wrestle with different types of domestic labor concerns. These case studies, which are complemented by analyses of in-depth interview and primary survey data collected from twenty-three families, enable me to trace the emergence, the negotiation, and (at times) the resolution of thorny domestic labor issues among these spouses. Taken together, gender relations within these families combine elements of progressive and traditional practices. These findings underscore the importance of conceiving gender and domestic labor as a product of interpersonal negotiation while at the same time highlighting how gender relations are mediated by cultural forces such as conservative religious ideologies.
Hepatocellular carcinoma with Australia antigen and alpha-fetoglobulin in the serum: report of two cases.

Two patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma were found to have Australia antigen and alpha-fetoglobulin in their sera. This association previously has been described in similar cases from Africa. Even though certain aspects of this neoplasm have geographic variations, its association with Australia antigen and fetoglobulin does not appear to be restricted to that part of the world. At present, no clearly defined mechanism explains the relationship of these immunologic findings. They may be related to other factors that remain to be defined in the evolution of hepatocellular carcinoma from viral hepatitis and cirrhosis.
13(S)-Hpode Augments Epidermal Growth Factor Signal Transduction by Attentuating EGF Receptor Dephosphorylation

The binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to its specific cell surface receptor (EGFR) activates the intrinsic receptor tyrosine kinase activity. The EGFR phosphorylates other key signaling proteins initiating a cascade of phosphorylation events that culminate in activation of transcription factors involved in mitogenesis. In Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) fibroblasts, the addition of EGF to serum-starved quiescent cells initiates cell proliferation and stimulates the metabolism of linoleic acid to 13(S)-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid (HpODE)1. The biosynthesis of 13(S)-HpODE by an apparent 15-lipoxygenase is regulated by the EGFR tyrosine kinase, suggesting that formation of this lipid mediator is a component of the EGF mitogenic signaling pathway in these cells2. Blocking 13(S)-HpODE formation with lipoxygenase inhibitors results in a dramatic attenuation of EGF-dependent DNA synthesis1. Other SHE cell mitogenic factors, including fibroblast growth factor, insulin, and platelet-derived growth factor, do not activate linoleic acid metabolism suggesting that simulation of this pathway is unique to EGF3.
Improved hidden clique detection by optimal linear fusion of multiple adjacency matrices

Graph fusion has emerged as a promising research area for addressing challenges associated with noisy, uncertain, multi-source data. While many ad-hoc graph fusion techniques exist in the current literature, an analytical approach for analyzing the fundamentals of the graph fusion problem is lacking. We consider the setting where we are given multiple Erdős-Renyi modeled adjacency matrices containing a common hidden or planted clique. The objective is to combine them linearly so that the principal eigenvectors of the resulting matrix best reveal the vertices associated with the clique. We utilize recent results from random matrix theory to derive the optimal weighting coefficients and use these insights to develop a data-driven fusion algorithm. We demonstrate the improved performance of the algorithm relative to other simple heuristics.
Allolarinus, a new genus and species of Lixini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Lixinae) from Congo

Abstract A new weevil genus, Allolarinus n. gen., with type species, Allolarinus demeyeri n. sp., is described from Congo in the tribe Lixini. The illustrations and diagnostic characteristics of this genus have been presented in a table and figure plates. This new genus is related to Larinus Dejean in terms of the type of elytra and general shape of the prothorax but clearly differs from Larinus with respect to its tooth-bearing femora and granulose pronotum. The trapezoidal short-neck prothorax and general shape of the elytra of this new genus are similar to those of Larinus; the granulose pronotum to that of Lixomorphus Faust; the dentate femora to that of Holcolixus Voss, Erilixus Voss, and Sublarinus Petri; while the existing cubito-anal vein on metathoracic wings to those of Allolixus Voss.
GLOBALIZACION Y DESARROLLO ECONOMICO: ALGUNAS CONSIDERACIONES SOBRE LA INCIDENCIA EN EL SECTOR AGRICOLA

La rapida globalizacion y reformas de los mercados mundiales traen consigo oportunidades pero tambien retos para el sector agricola. Fundamentalmente, estas reformas buscan disminuir subsidios, liberalizar precios e integrar los mercados domesticos a la economia global (Baffes y Meerman, 1997). Muchos paises que participan en la Ronda de DOHA esperan que estas negociaciones sirvan para promover el crecimiento de los paises en vias de desarrollo por medio de la eliminacion o disminucion significativa en las distorsiones al comercio, particularmente en los mercados agricolas (Matthews, 2005). Sin embargo, los desafios de la globalizacion para la economia campesina en paises de bajos ingresos son notables dada la escasa capacidad tecnica y empresarial. Estas limitaciones dificultan el aprovechamiento de los posibles beneficios del sistema economico emergente (Freeman y Estrada-Valle, 2003). En este articulo examinamos algunos de estos desafios, poniendo enfasis en la importancia que tiene el incremento en la productividad en el futuro de la agricultura campesina.
Bcl-2 decreases voltage-gated K+ channel activity and enhances survival in vascular smooth muscle cells

Cell shrinkage is an incipient hallmark of apoptosis in a variety of cell types. The apoptotic volume decrease has been demonstrated to attribute, in part, to K+ efflux; blockade of plasmalemmal K+...
A Common Methodology: Using Cluster Analysis to Identify Organizational Culture across Two Workforce Datasets

Organizational structures are comprised of an organizational culture created by the beliefs, values, traditions, policies and processes carried out by the organization. The work-life system in which individuals use work-life initiatives to achieve a work-life balance can be influenced by the type of organizational culture within one's workplace, for example a structured, rigid culture in which employees are afraid to ask questions versus a flexible, open culture where discussion is encouraged. Grouping methodologies such as cluster analysis or latent class analysis can be used to create typologies of organizational culture. The focus of this paper is to deconstruct the common methodology of cluster analysis used to identify typologies of organizational culture in the NSCW Study and the NOS Study, which set out to identify the impact of organizational culture on the use and existence of work-life benefits for individuals and organizations, respectively Munn, 2012. The paper discusses the cluster analysis methodology in detail as well as another grouping methodology-latent class analysis-as a means to understanding the place of organizational culture in work-life research. The theoretical contributions of using cluster analysis to create typologies of organizational culture and the implications for workforce research are discussed.
Effects of heat acclimation on hand cooling efficacy following exercise in the heat.

ABSTRACTThis study examined the separate and combined effects of heat acclimation and hand cooling on post-exercise cooling rates following bouts of exercise in the heat. Seventeen non-heat acclimated (NHA) males (mean ± SE; age, 23 ± 1 y; mass, 75.30 ± 2.27 kg; maximal oxygen consumption [VO2 max], 54.1 ± 1.3 ml·kg−1·min−1) completed 2 heat stress tests (HST) when NHA, then 10 days of heat acclimation, then 2 HST once heat acclimated (HA) in an environmental chamber (40°C; 40%RH). HSTs were 2 60-min bouts of treadmill exercise (45% VO2 max; 2% grade) each followed by 10 min of hand cooling (C) or no cooling (NC). Heat acclimation sessions were 90–240 min of treadmill or stationary bike exercise (60–80% VO2 max). Repeated measures ANOVA with Fishers LSD post hoc (α < 0.05) identified differences. When NHA, C (0.020 ± 0.003°C·min−1) had a greater cooling rate than NC (0.013 ± 0.003°C·min−1) (mean difference [95%CI]; 0.007°C [0.001,0.013], P = 0.035). Once HA, C (0.021 ± 0.002°C·min−1) was similar to NC (0....
Using iBeacon for newborns localization in hospitals

iBeacon, a novel beacon device aiming at proximity estimation was introduced in 2014 by Apple Inc. based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology. iBeacon is utilized in our work to establish an in-room newborns localization system in hospitals. Since iBeacon can broadcast beacon signal every certain interval, we can adopt iBeacon instead of RFID for baby tracking. In this paper we developed a new application to obtain the necessary data from iBeacon and then derive the iBeacon path-loss model for line-of-sight (LOS) situation in in-room environment on account of RSS analysis. Besides, we apply the existing path-loss model used in Estimote iBeacons and compare the performance of those two models. Simulation results of Cramer-Rao low bound estimation of location error model are also given in this paper considering 2D and 3D scenarios respectively. After the feasibility analysis we conclude our work with a discussion on the feasibility of using iBeacon for locating and tracking rather than RFID, especially in hospitals.
MP09-16 CONTEMPORARY MAPPING OF POST-PROSTATECTOMY PROSTATE CANCER RELAPSE WITH C-11 CHOLINE PET AND MULTIPARAMETRIC MRI

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to develop and externally validate a novel model aimed at predicting cancer-specific mortality (CSM) after biochemical recurrence (BCR) among prostate cancer (PCa) patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) with or without adjuvant external beam radiotherapy (aRT) and/or hormonal therapy (aHT). METHODS: The development cohort included 689 consecutive PCa patients treated with RP between 1987 and 2011 at a single tertiary referral center. All men had a subsequent BCR, defined as 2 subsequent PSA values>0.2 ng/ml and rising. Multivariable competingrisks regression analyses tested the predictors of CSM after BCR for purpose of 5-year CSM nomogram development. Validation (2,000 bootstrap resamples) was internally tested. External validation was performed into a population of 6,734 PCa patients with BCR after treatment with RP treated at another tertiary referral center from 1987 to 2011. The predictive accuracy (PA) was quantified using the receiver operating characteristic-derived area under the curve and the calibration plot method. RESULTS: The 5-year CSM-free survival rate was 83.6% (CI: 79.6-87.2). At multivariable analyses, pathologic stage T3b or more (HR: 7.42; p1⁄40.008), pathologic Gleason score 8-10 (HR: 2.19; p1⁄40.003), lymph node invasion (HR: 3.57; p1⁄40.001), time to BCR (HR: 0.99; p1⁄40.03) and age at BCR (HR: 1.04; p1⁄40.04), were each significantly associated with the risk of CSM after BCR. The bootstrap-corrected PA was 87.4% (bootstrap 95% CI: 82.0-91.7%). External validation of our nomogram showed a good PA of 83.2%. Figure 1 shows the competing-risk nomogram CONCLUSIONS: We developed and externally validated the first nomogram for individual prediction of 5-year PCa-specific mortality after BCR, applicable to all contemporary patients who recur after RP, inclusive of those treated with adjuvant therapies. This accurate and generalizable tool could be useful for patient counseling, risk stratification, and in designing future randomized trials to determine the decision making process in the BCR patient population
Chemical Pharmacology of Ca2+ Channel Ligands

A variety of terms, including Ca2+ antagonist, Ca2+ channel blocker, and slow channel blocker, have been applied to a structurally heterogeneous group of agents including the clinically available verapamil, nifedipine, and diltiazem (Fig. 1; for general reviews see Fleckenstein, 1977, 1983). With the recent introduction of 1,4-dihydropyridine analogues of nifedipine that function as calcium channel activators (Fig. 2, Bay K 8644 and CGP 28 392; Schramm et al, 1983), a more appropriate generic title might be calcium channel ligands.
Degrees of Freedom in SEM: Are We Testing the Models That We Claim to Test?

Structural equation modeling (SEM) has been a staple of the organizational sciences for decades. It is common to report degrees of freedom (df) for tested models, and it should be possible for a re...
Aggressors, Victims and Bystanders: Preventing Bullying in the Middle School Environment

The research presented in this article examines the effects of implementing a prevention program for bullying and aggressive behaviors to sixth graders in 14 Florida middle schools. The evaluation was conducted as a control/experimental design. The primary goals of this manuscript are to determine: (a) the change from baseline student habits of thought related to violence prevention, (b) student habits of thought related to attitudes and physical behaviors related to violence, and (c) teacher perceptions of student attitudes and behaviors related to violence. Equally important, this study adds to our understanding of bullying prevention programs by examining the impact of an Aggressors,’ Victims’ and Bystanders’ program in terms of three dimensions: (1) teacher perceptions of student thoughts and behaviors related to their ability to solve conflict, (2) middle school student habits of thought about violence prevention, and (3) middle school student attitudes about behaviors associated with the prevention of violence, including aggressor behaviors and actions and bystander behaviors and actions.
Plasmonic micropillars for massively parallel precision cell force measurement

A novel gold nanoparticle embedded plasmonic micropillar (PEM) platform for large area, massively parallel, and high-precision cell force measurement is demonstrated. Gold nanoparticles implanted into PDMS micropillars by laser pulses serve as strong and point-source-like scattering centers in dark-field imaging. These mechanically anchored gold nanoparticles are physically robust and chemically stable. Precision tracking of micropillars can be realized under a low numerical aperture (NA) objective lens for simultaneous and parallel measurement of cell traction forces across a large area. A spatial resolution of 30nm for pillar deflection measurement has been accomplished with a objective∗ 20 lens.
Inviting Perspective Transformation: Sexual History Awareness for Professional Formation.

How do we deal with our own sexuality as teachers and as learners in the classroom? As a seminary professor in a mainline Christian context, I find that discussing sexuality increases student discomfort levels by threatening to raise questions about the connections between morality, behavior, and bodies of those in the room – questions we have been culturally trained to avoid. In order to decrease discomfort, many instructors approach sexuality only as content-based subject matter. Particularly for ministry students, this approach can be a disservice to their discernment process and preparation for future ministry contexts, especially for those in turmoil regarding sexuality-related issues. By explicitly engaging how personal experience and cultural contexts shape our sexuality, pedagogical models can promote critical self-reflection and seek perspective transformation, not values change, as a resource for professional sexual ethics training in ministry.
Dealing with Uncertainty: Flexible Reproductive Strategies by a Tropical Passerine Bird in an Unstable Ecological and Social Environment

Abstract The degree of dynamism and uncertainty in the ecological and social environment of tropical organisms is often underappreciated. Consider, for example, the red-backed fairy-wren (Malurus melanocephalus), a small passerine bird distributed across tropical savannahs of northern Australia. Successful reproduction in this species depends on appropriate responses to inherently unpredictable environmental conditions including monsoonal rains, fire, and changes in group composition and breeding status. In this chapter, we explore how male red-backed fairy-wrens negotiate this uncertainty via flexible behavioral and physiological reproductive strategies, and relate these findings to other tropical and temperate systems. We conclude that physiological and behavioral adaptations for dealing with variable and uncertain environmental conditions are likely common in tropical species, particularly those living in complex social groups.
Thermal Stimulation Alters Cervical Spinal Cord Functional Connectivity in Humans

Abstract The spinal cord has an active role in the modulation and transmission of the neural signals traveling between the body and the brain. Recent advancements in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have made the in vivo examination of spinal cord function in humans now possible. This technology has been recently extended to the investigation of resting state functional networks in the spinal cord, leading to the identification of distinct patterns of spinal cord functional connectivity. In this study, we expand on the previous work and further investigate resting state cervical spinal cord functional connectivity in healthy participants (n = 15) using high resolution imaging coupled with both seed-based functional connectivity analyses and graph theory-based metrics. Within spinal cord segment functional connectivity was present between the left and right ventral horns (bilateral motor network), left and right dorsal horns (bilateral sensory network), and the ipsilateral ventral and dorsal horns (unilateral sensory-motor network). Functional connectivity between the spinal cord segments was less apparent with the connectivity centered at the region of interest and spanning
Fat-brain connections: Adipocyte glucocorticoid control of stress and metabolism

Glucocorticoids act via multiple mechanisms to mobilize energy for maintenance and restoration of homeostasis. In adipose tissue, glucocorticoids can promote lipolysis and facilitate adipocyte differentiation/growth, serving both energy-mobilizing and restorative processes during negative energy balance. Recent data suggest that adipose-dependent feedback may also be involved in regulation of stress responses. Adipocyte glucocorticoid receptor (GR) deletion causes increased HPA axis stress reactivity, due to a loss of negative feedback signals into the CNS. The fat-to-brain signal may be mediated by neuronal mechanisms, release of adipokines or increased lipolysis. The ability of adipose GRs to inhibit psychogenic as well as metabolic stress responses suggests that (1) feedback regulation of the HPA axis occurs across multiple bodily compartments, and (2) fat tissue integrates psychogenic stress signals. These studies support a link between stress biology and energy metabolism, a connection that has clear relevance for numerous disease states and their comorbidities.
Evaluation of peak calling approaches for genome-wide MBD2-based Methyl-Seq profiling

High-throughput methylation detection approaches are epigenetic exploration strategies that map sites of DNA methylation to the genome and thus provide insight into the regulatory program of specific cells. Using methyl-binding domain affinity proteins, MBD2-based Methyl-Seq has been established to identify short regions in which a minimum of 5 CpG residues are methylated within a 200bp window requiring as little as 1ng of DNA. Here we evaluate the performance of computational analysis approaches for MBD2-based Methyl-Seq using a novel benchmark validated through whole genome bisulfite sequencing of five hematopoietic cell types in mouse. This benchmark shows that the performance of 17 popular peak calling approaches differs greatly in terms of methylation site detection (informedness) and reproducibility of the methylated peak width (Jaccard Index Precision). We find that approaches using overlap tag clustering, enrichment-based peak assignment, and either fold-enrichment or duplicate compensation-based control data, performed best in terms of informedness, with the CCAT approach being the best performing tool. However, global changes in methylation profiles during hematopoietic differentiation are not consistently identified by the different tools. To alleviate this shortcoming we applied the SigSeeker peak calling ensemble, which removed a large number of false positive predictions and correctly captured the global methylation patterns overserved in the hematopoietic literature.
Engineered silica nanoparticles interact differently with lipid monolayers compared to lipid bilayers

Despite a number of fundamental studies, the interactions of engineered nanoparticles with the cell plasma membrane are still not well understood. Membrane models, such as lipid monolayers and bilayers, have been used to provide a mechanistic understanding of nanoparticle effects on the structure and integrity of the cell membrane. However, the role of the membrane model itself in regulating nanoparticle–lipid interactions has generally been overlooked. In an effort to elucidate how changing the membrane model affects the resulting interactions with nanoparticles, the current study investigates the interaction of silica nanoparticles (104 ± 5 nm) with different surface-functional groups: plain (silanol), amine, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), with various molecular weights of 2k, 5k, and 20k Daltons, with lipid monolayers and bilayers of the same composition. Studies with lipid monolayers demonstrated that PEGylated particles, regardless of the PEG molecular weight, and unlike plain and amine-modified particles, were able to penetrate the monolayer and disrupt the structure of lipids as evidenced by tensiometry and atomic force microscopy. In contrast, when interacting with lipid bilayers in suspension (i.e. vesicles), plain, amine-modified, and PEG 20k-modified particles disrupted vesicle structure, causing significant leakage, while PEG 2k- and 5k-modified particles did not affect the integrity of the vesicles. In summary, while the interactions of silica nanoparticles with membrane models is dependent on particle surface properties, a clear difference is observed in particle interactions with lipid monolayers compared to bilayers.
A method for estimating Hill function-based dynamic models of gene regulatory networks

Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) are quite large and complex. To better understand and analyse GRNs, mathematical models are being employed. Different types of models, such as logical, continuous and stochastic models, can be used to describe GRNs. In this paper, we present a new approach to identify continuous models, because they are more suitable for large number of genes and quantitative analysis. One of the most promising techniques for identifying continuous models of GRNs is based on Hill functions and the generalized profiling method (GPM). The advantage of this approach is low computational cost and insensitivity to initial conditions. In the GPM, a constrained nonlinear optimization problem has to be solved that is usually underdetermined. In this paper, we propose a new optimization approach in which we reformulate the optimization problem such that constraints are embedded implicitly in the cost function. Moreover, we propose to split the unknown parameter in two sets based on the structure of Hill functions. These two sets are estimated separately to resolve the issue of the underdetermined problem. As a case study, we apply the proposed technique on the SOS response in Escherichia coli and compare the results with the existing literature.
One-bit digital radar

This paper introduces a one-bit digital radar involving direct one-bit sampling with unknown dithering of the received radio frequency (RF) signal. Due to avoiding the analog mixer and the down-conversion of the RF signal, the digital radar can be energy-efficient and low-priced. The use of unknown dithering allows for the one-bit samples to be processed efficiently using conventional algorithms. A computationally efficient range-Doppler estimation method based on fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) and fast Fourier transform (FFT) is used for linear frequency modulated continuous wave (LFMCW) transmissions, and the CLEAN algorithm is used for target parameter estimation.
Law: New Institutionalism

The new institutionalism in law is primarily an outgrowth of organizational sociology. Researchers who import this approach into the study of law investigate the process by which legally relevant practices are diffused, adopted by an increasing proportion of the organizations in a field, become prerequisites for legitimacy, and come to be taken for granted as expected features of organizational life. New institutionalists emphasize especially the symbolic effects of bringing organizational practices into conformity with law, and the metamorphosis of laws as they are transformed into organizational routines. Institutionalist studies of law have also raised questions about the variable efficacy of laws when the ceremonial adoption of policy is decoupled from day-to-day practice, how innovation is possible when institutionalization produces considerable uniformity, and how legitimacy is produced under conditions of institutional competition.
Using a Knowledge-Based Decision Support System in Strategic Planning Decisions: An Empirical Study

A knowledge-based decision support system (dss) that guides, instructs, and provides reasoning was used to identify strategic opportunities, problems, and crises. The system’s objective is to impro...
Pale Fire Solved

Such diverse philosophers as Davidson, Derrida and Goodman have given arguments supporting the claim that unrevisable interpretations of artworks are impossible. Although this view has been supported by appeal to radical his-toricism, Heidegger’s account of language and the deconstrunionists’ texts, it may be defended by quite respectable philosophical arguments. An ideal interpretation, Alexander Nehamas writes, “would account for all the text’s features”; to interpret is to place that text “in a context which accounts for as many of its features as possible.”1 All interpretations thus are partial for the ultimately trivial reason that, just as no map can represent all features of what it maps, so “no reading can ever account for all of a text’s features.” To interpret is “to understand an action” and this to “understand an agent and therefore other actions and agents as well…” Hence “each text is inexhaustible: its context is the world.” Just as there is no way that the world is independently of how it is described, so there is no way that an artwork is apart from how it is interpreted; different descriptions of the world or an artwork point out different features or describe differently given features of those entities.
Listen to Your Drive: An In-vehicle Sonification System based on Driver Affective States and Driving Data

Auditory displays have widely been used in vehicle contexts because they do not require drivers' visual attention. Examples include collision warning systems, parking assistance systems, and personal navigation devices to name a few. To explore the full potential of sonification applications in the automotive context, we have developed an in-vehicle sonification system [1]. Our system aims to integrate driving performance data from the vehicle and driver affective state data from physiological sensors in real-time. Those data can be mapped to auditory parameters and generate various sonification pieces. This sonification can be used to provide feedback about how drivers are driving, guidance on how they are supposed to drive, or situation awareness about the traffic environment. As an early prototype, the present work demonstrates driving data sonification using the MiniSim simulator. We hope this sonification work can enhance driver experience as well as road safety in both manual and automated vehicles.
Arterial-spin labeling MRI identifies residual cerebral arteriovenous malformation following stereotactic radiosurgery treatment

Abstract Background and purpose Brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) treatment by stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is effective, but AVM obliteration following SRS may take two years or longer. MRI with arterial-spin labeling (ASL) may detect brain AVMs with high sensitivity. We determined whether brain MRI with ASL may accurately detect residual AVM following SRS treatment. Materials and methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent brain AVM evaluation by DSA between June 2010 and June 2015. Inclusion criteria were: (1) AVM treatment by SRS, (2) follow-up MRI with ASL at least 30 months after SRS, (3) DSA within 3 months of the follow-up MRI with ASL, and (4) no intervening AVM treatment between the MRI and DSA. Four neuroradiologists blindly and independently reviewed follow-up MRIs. Primary outcome measure was residual AVM indicated by abnormal venous ASL signal. Results 15 patients (12 females, mean age 29 years) met inclusion criteria. There were three posterior fossa AVMs and 12 supratentorial AVMs. Spetzler–Martin (SM) Grades were: SM1 (8%), SM2 (33%), SM3 (17%), SM4 (25%), and SM5 (17%). DSA demonstrated residual AVM in 10 patients. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of venous ASL signal for predicting residual AVM were 100% (95% CI: 0.9-1.0), 95% (95% CI: 0.7–1.0), 98% (95% CI: 0.9–1.0), and 100% (95% CI: 0.8–1.0), respectively. High inter-reader agreement as found by Fleiss’ Kappa analysis (k = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.8–1.0; P Conclusions ASL is highly sensitive and specific in the detection of residual cerebral AVM following SRS treatment.
2-Hydroxypyridine N-Oxide is not genotoxic in vivo.

2-Hydroxypyridine N-oxide (HOPO) is an important coupling reagent used in pharmaceutical synthesis. Our laboratory previously reported HOPO as equivocal in the Ames assay following extensive testing of multiple lots of material. Given the lack of reproducibility between lots of material and the weak increase in revertants observed, it was concluded that it would be highly unlikely that HOPO would pose a mutagenic risk in vivo. The purpose of the current investigation was to assess experimentally in rats the mutagenic (Pig-a mutation induction) and more broadly genotoxic (micronucleus and comet induction) potential of HOPO. Rats were administered HOPO (0, 50, 150, 300, and 500 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage for 28 days. At the end of study, the following parameters were assessed: frequency of Pig-a mutant red blood cells and reticulocytes, frequency of peripheral blood micronuclei, and the incidence of comet formation in liver. Toxicokinetic data collected on study Days 1 and 28 demonstrated systemic exposure to HOPO. Although there were no overt clinical signs, animals treated with HOPO showed a dose-related decrease in body weight gain. There were no increases observed in any of the genotoxicity endpoints assessed. The results from this study further support the conclusion that in the context of pharmaceutical synthesis, HOPO should not be considered a mutagenic impurity but rather controlled as a normal process-related impurity. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of a New Generation Automated Assay for 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Based on Competitive Protein Binding

Background: The interest for vitamin D has exponentially increased testing demand for 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D]. Consequently, many laboratories are switching from LC-MS/MS methods to automated, high-throughput immunoassays. One of the major potential issues with these assays has been the lack of cross-reactivity with 25(OH)D2. Methods: We have evaluated the Roche Elecsys vitamin D total II assay for accuracy by comparing 79 patient samples with LC-MS/MS. The cross-reactivity for 25(OH)D2 was evaluated by analyzing samples with high 25(OH)D2 separately and estimating 25(OH)D2 recovery, as well as by spiking of 25(OH)D2. The assay was further evaluated for precision, linearity, sample type, and common interferences. Results: There was mostly good agreement between the Elecsys and LC-MS/MS assays (Deming regression: y = 0.95x + 0.70), with an overall bias of 2.3% (−0.84 ng/mL). However, there were 6 out of 79 (7.6%) discordant samples. The Deming regression for samples with high 25(OH)D2 compared to LC-MS/MS showed similar slope and intercept (y = 0.97x − 1.1). The average recovery of 25(OH)D2 for these samples was 90%. The initial precision studies were in general agreement with the package insert, but long-term clinical use showed higher-than-claimed imprecision (11.7%–14.4% at 12 ng/mL and 6.9%–7.6% at 27 ng/mL; claimed: 7.2% and 5.0%, respectively). We observed 1 falsely high result in plasma, an issue previously addressed by Roche in a medical device correction. Conclusions: The analytical performance of the Roche Vitamin D assay was acceptable, and the assay had a good cross-reactivity for 25(OH)D2.
Emulation-Based Performance Evaluation of the Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) in Dynamic Network Topologies

Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) is designed to achieve reliable data transmission in resource constrained networks. When it is applied to dynamic networks, there is a lack of research on the evaluation of its performance with the thorough consideration for the impacts of key factors of network components, as well as the configuration of the DTN implementation. In this paper, we address the performance issue of DTN in dynamic networks by conducting a series of emulation-based experiments. Particularly, we first design an emulation platform based on the Common Open Research Emulator (CORE), which can be used to emulate and evaluate the network performance of DTNs and other protocols in dynamic networks. We then design a set of scenario groups and conduct a thorough quantitative evaluation to understand the impacts of individual dynamic network factors on the performance of DTNs. The experimental results validate the performance and reliability of the DTN in dynamic networks. Based on the experimental results, we are able to provide general guidelines to evaluate an application for the potential benefits of DTN, and the direction of optimizing the configuration for different applications in dynamic networks.
The natural history of urinary incontinence subtypes in the Nurses' Health Studies.

Abstract Background Urinary incontinence (UI) subtypes often differ by symptom severity and treatment profiles; in particular, mixed UI is generally associated with worse symptoms and less successful treatment. Yet, limited information exists on the natural history of different urinary incontinence (UI) subtypes, which could help better identify and treat patients prior to development of more intractable disease. Objective To evaluate the onset of UI subtypes, and transitions between subtypes over 8 years, using two large cohorts of middle-age and older women with incident UI. Study Design We identified 10,349 women with incident UI (stress, urgency, and mixed subtypes), from the Nurses’ Health Study and Nurses’ Health Study II, age 41-83 years, using repeated mailed questionnaires. We defined stress UI as leakage with coughing, sneezing, or activity; urgency UI as urine loss with a sudden feeling of bladder fullness or when a toilet was inaccessible; and mixed UI when women reported that stress and urgency symptoms occurred equally. In subsequent questionnaires 4 and 8 years later, we continued to track symptom severity and subtypes. In addition, to obtain predicted probabilities of UI subtypes 4 years and 8 years after UI onset, we used multivariable-adjusted generalized estimated equations with a multinomial outcome. Results At UI onset in 2004-5, 56% of women reported stress UI symptoms, 23% reported urgency UI symptoms, and 21% reported mixed UI symptoms. Women with stress UI or urgency UI at onset were likely to report the same UI type 4 and 8 years later (Stress UI at onset: 70% and 60% reported stress UI at years 4 and 8, respectively; Urgency UI at onset: 68% and 64% reported urgency UI at years 4 and 8, respectively). Nonetheless, for both stress and urgency UI, women with more severe symptoms at onset were more likely to progress to mixed UI. Women with mixed UI at onset had more variation over time, although the largest subset continued to report mixed UI (45% reported mixed UI at year 4, 43% reported mixed UI at year 8). Few women across all UI subtypes reported resolution of symptoms over 4 to 8 years of follow-up (4-12%). When considering the likelihood of remaining with or progressing to mixed UI over follow-up, according to age, body mass index and UI severity, we found that older and younger women had similar predicted probability of remaining with or progressing to mixed UI (e.g., women Conclusions Most women with incident stress and urgency UI continued to experience similar subtype symptoms over 8 years. However, obese women and those with more severe symptoms were more likely to remain with or progress to mixed UI.
INTENSITY OF LIPID LOWERING THERAPY AND LDL-C LEVELS AFTER 12 MONTHS IN PATIENTS WITH POLYVASCULAR DISEASE—INSIGHTS FROM THE GOULD REGISTRY

Patients with polyvascular disease (PvD) have higher rates of adverse cardiovascular events than patients with single-bed vascular disease. Despite strong guideline recommendations, it is not known what proportion of these patients receive adequate LDL-C-lowering therapy (LLT) in the real world. In
Renal Artery Stenosis As Etiology of Recurrent Flash Pulmonary Edema and Role of Imaging in Timely Diagnosis and Management.

Renal hypoperfusion from renal artery stenosis (RAS) activates the renin-angiotensin system, which in turn causes volume overload and hypertension. Atherosclerosis and fibromuscular dysplasia are the most common causes of renal artery stenosis. Recurrent flash pulmonary edema, also known as Pickering syndrome, is commonly associated with bilateral renal artery stenosis. There should be a high index of clinical suspicion for renal artery stenosis in the setting of recurrent flash pulmonary edema and severe hypertension in patients with atherosclerotic disease. Duplex ultrasonography is commonly recommended as the best initial test for the detection of renal artery stenosis. Computed tomography (CT) angiography (CTA) or magnetic resonance (MR) angiography (MRA) are useful diagnostic imaging studies for the detection of renal artery stenosis in patients where duplex ultrasonography is difficult. If duplex ultrasound, CTA, and MRA are indeterminate or pose a risk of significant renal impairment, renal angiography is useful for a definitive diagnosis of RAS. The focus of medical management for RAS relies on controlling renovascular hypertension and aggressive lifestyle modification with control of atherosclerotic disease risk factors. The restoration of renal artery patency by revascularization in the setting of RAS due to atherosclerosis may help in the management of hypertension and minimize renal dysfunction.
Comment on “Light-induced lattice expansion leads to high-efficiency perovskite solar cells”

Tsai et al (Reports, 6 April 2018, p. 67) report a uniform light-induced lattice expansion of metal halide perovskite films under 1-sun illumination and claim to exclude heat-induced lattice expansion. We show that by controlling the temperature of the perovskite film under both dark and illuminated conditions, the mechanism for lattice expansion is in fact fully consistent with heat-induced thermal expansion during illumination.
PySTPrism: Tools for Voxel-based Space–Time Prisms

Abstract The observed movements of humans and animals are realizations of complex spatiotemporal processes. Recent advances in location-aware technologies have rendered trajectory data ubiquitous. Examining the sequenced, instantaneous locations found in movement trajectory data for information reconstructing the location or state of the mover between observed points comprises a primary focus in Time Geography and related disciplines. The PySTPrism toolbox introduced in this paper provides a straightforward and open-source implementation of the Probabilistic Space Time Prism, in addition to related tools from Time Geography. PySTPrism is implemented in Python using the ArcPy module in ArcGIS Pro Desktop.
Transforming the Activity of Teaching a Foundation of Diversity and Equity Course.

Abstract: What happens to a Foundations of Diversity and Equity in Schools course when the main mode of instruction changes? The shifting of the class from face-to-face to virtual asynchronous instruction due to COVID-19 led to a transformation of the activity of the course. To replace the use of various discussion techniques, the author redesigned the course using content area literacy techniques melded with asynchronous voice and electronic thread pedagogies.
Thermal Radiation Engineering Via Quantum Nonlinear Mixing Of Photons

We show that the nonlinear mixing of thermally generated photons in a resonant system can be used to overcome the fundamental blackbody limit on thermal emission, and to introduce nontrivial statistics $(g^{(2)}\, 6 =2)$ and biphoton intensity correlations at two distinct frequencies in the emission spectrum. These effects can be observed by heating a properly designed photonic system without using any external signal. Our work goes beyond all investigations of thermal radiation phenomena involving materials exhibiting linear response, into the nonlinear regime where fundamental questions related to thermal equilibrium and detailed balance require careful analysis. It motivates new interdisciplinary inquiries combining the fields of nonlinear photonics, quantum optics and thermal science.
Targeting microRNA-mediated gene repression limits adipogenic conversion of skeletal muscle mesenchymal stromal cells.

Summary Intramuscular fatty deposits, which are seen in muscular dystrophies and with aging, negatively affect muscle function. The cells of origin of adipocytes constituting these fatty deposits are mesenchymal stromal cells, fibroadipogenic progenitors (FAPs). We uncover a molecular fate switch, involving miR-206 and the transcription factor Runx1, that controls FAP differentiation to adipocytes. Mice deficient in miR-206 exhibit increased adipogenesis following muscle injury. Adipogenic differentiation of FAPs is abrogated by miR-206 mimics. Using a labeled microRNA (miRNA) pull-down and sequencing (LAMP-seq), we identified Runx1 as a miR-206 target, with miR-206 repressing Runx1 translation. In the absence of miR-206 in FAPs, Runx1 occupancy near transcriptional start sites of adipogenic genes and expression of these genes increase. We demonstrate that miR-206 mimicry in vivo limits intramuscular fatty infiltration. Our results provide insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms of FAP fate determination and formation of harmful fatty deposits in skeletal muscle.
The Lasting Legacy of Hazard and Choice Perception in Flood Plain Management by Robert Kates

This Classics Revisited/From the Archives paper summarizes the 1962 publication of Robert Kates regarding perceptions of the flooding hazard in LaFollette, Tennessee, and five other cities that wer...
Experiences of Quality Perinatal Care During the US COVID-19 Pandemic.

Introduction Quality perinatal care is recognized as an important birth process and outcome. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, quality of perinatal care was compromised as the health care system grappled with adapting to an ever-changing, uncertain, and unprecedented public health crisis. Methods The aim of this study was to explore the quality of perinatal care received during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Data were collected via an online questionnaire completed by people who gave birth in the United States after March 15, 2020. The questionnaire included the Mothers on Respect Index and the Mothers Autonomy in Decision Making validated measures. Low-quality perinatal care was defined as decreased respect and/or autonomy in the perinatal care received. Responses were geocoded by zip code to determine COVID-19 case-load in the county on the date of birth. Multivariate regression analyses described associations between respect and autonomy in decision-making for perinatal care and levels of COVID-19 outbreak across the United States. Results Participants (N = 707) from 46 states and the District of Columbia completed the questionnaire. As COVID-19 cases increased, participants' experiences of autonomy in decision-making for perinatal care decreased significantly (P = .04). Participants who identified as Black, Indigenous, and people of color, those who had an obstetrician provider, and those who gave birth in a hospital were more likely to experience low-quality perinatal care. Those with a midwife provider or who had a home birth were more likely to experience high-quality perinatal care in adjusted models. Discussion Variability in experiences of high-quality perinatal care by sociodemographic characteristics, birth setting, and provider type may relate to implicit bias, structural racism, and inequities in maternal health and COVID-19 outcomes for birthing people from marginalized communities.
Primary carcinoma of the vagina; a report of forty-six cases.

Abstract 1.1. Forty-six cases of primary carcinoma of the vagina are reported. They made up 1.5 per cent of nearly 3,000 malignancies of the female genital tract seen at the University of Michigan Hospital from 1931 to 1951. 2.2. Twenty-eight patients were treated with radium and x-ray, seven with surgery and x-ray or radium, six with x-ray only, four with radium only, and one refused therapy. 3.3. There were eleven five-year survivors in forty eligible cases, making a 27.5 per cent absolute five-year survival rate. There was no apparent correlation between the degree of anaplasia of the tumors and the five-year survival rate. 4.4. Some suggestions concerning therapy have been offered.
Practical methods for plasma lipoprotein analysis.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the practical methods for plasma lipoprotein analysis. Changes in the concentration and sometimes in the nature of the plasma lipoproteins occur in a variety of diseases. The pioneering work of Gofman and his colleagues in the early 1950s was responsible for much of the knowledge of these complex proteins that is now available. Their techniques of analytical ultracentrifugation were, and still remain, the primary standard for lipoprotein analysis. These methods are available in very few medical centers; however, excluding access to them by most of the laboratories where the interest and availability of patients or subjects for investigation are the greatest. Recent simplifications and improvements of other analytical methods have made these a partial replacement for the analytical ultracentrifuge, and newer methods have proved their value. Techniques of protein chemistry and immunology have added a new dimension to lipoprotein analysis —that of specific recognition and quantitation of the protein moieties.