cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A general purpose library for stochastic finite element computations

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a paper that introduces the elements of a software library for the integration of stochastic prediction capabilities with general-purpose finite element analysis software. The library is written in C++ and can be linked to standard finite element method (FEM) software. The stochastic finite element permits the characterization of predictions from numerical models as random variables and processes. This allows the quantification of scatters in the predictions that are consistent with observed scatters in the data used for calibrating the model. While this task of uncertainty propagation can be accomplished through Monte Carlo sampling (MCS), the format of the output from standard MCS cannot be readily interpreted for decision purposes. The spectral stochastic finite element method (SSFEM) provides an approximation of the predictions from mechanics-based simulations in a format that lends itself to these postprocessing tasks. The methodology permits the extension of concepts developed for adaptive mesh refinement to the realm of data and information refinement. The theoretical foundation of the method consists of a blend of measure theory and functional analysis, permitting the definition of orthogonal projections and meaningful approximants for random variables and vectors. This paper presents a review of the SSFEM, highlighting its connectivity requirements to legacy deterministic FEM software.
Advancing Sustainable Manufacturing through a Heterogeneous Cobalt Catalyst for Selective C–H Oxidation

An increasingly important chemical transformation that will be necessary as we move toward sustainable manufacturing is the oxidation of C–H bonds. Our reported robust heterogeneous cobalt water oxidation catalyst, formed from a metal carbonyl phosphine complex as precursor, is now shown to be active for the selective oxidation of C–H bonds. Of 10 oxidants tested, only Oxone and its oxidatively active component KHSO5 proved competent. A wide variety of substrates were effectively oxidized with KHSO5, including heterocycles, alkyl arenes, alcohols, alkenes, and alkanes. The catalyst is highly selective for C–H bonds over water oxidation when the reaction is conducted in aqueous media. The catalyst can be recycled with minimal loss of activity while under N2. Preliminary mechanistic data are also discussed.
Interaction of morphine with the cholinergic system on prolactin release.

AbstractThe effects of morphine, pilocarpine, and two anticholinergic drugs on serum prolactin (PRL) levels were studied in unanesthetized male rats, each previously implanted with an atrial cannula for collection of blood for radioimmunoassay. Morphine induced a threefold increase in serum PRL levels, whereas pilocarpine, a cholinergic agonist, significantly decreased serum PRL levels. When given together, the two drugs partially counteracted each other's effects on PRL release. Atropine, an anticholinergic drug, had no effect on serum PRL levels when injected alone, but when given together with morphine, significantly enhanced morphine induced PRL release. This enhancing effect of muscarinic blockade on morphine induced PRL release was confirmed in a second experiment by using scopolamine, another anticholinergic drug. These results suggest that the stimulating effect of morphine on PRL release may be mediated in part by a decreased activity in the central cholinergic system.
Virtual Actuators for Wide-Area Damping Control of Power Systems

In this paper, a new approach to design fault-tolerant wide-area damping controllers (WADCs) is presented. Use of actuator redundancy to achieve higher reliability has always been an accepted engineering design technique and is used in this study to help ensure power system security. In our proposed method when an actuator fails or is unavailable (e.g., due to loss of communication), the supervisory controller redistributes the control signals to the remaining actuators. The WADC is initially designed to provide satisfactory damping. In the next step, virtual actuators (VAs) are designed to manage actuator failures without the need to redesign the nominal WADC. By inserting this reconfiguration block between the nominal WADC and the new actuator, there is no need to retune the WADC and the performance of the fault-free system can be recovered. Our proposed block is independent of the nominal WADC and does not need any information beyond that an actuator is unavailable. The approach is applied to Kundur's two-area system, and the 39-bus New England system. Numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed method subjected to different failures.
Comparison of the Leaf Hyperspectral Reflectance and Absorptance in Relation to the Leaf Pigment Contents in Corn Plants

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the relationship between leaf hyperspectral data including reflectance and absorptance and the leaf pigment(chlorophyll a,b and carotenoid) contents in corn plants.One hundred and fifty leaves were analyzed from eleven corn cultivars,three nitrogen level treatments and two population treatments at six growth stages.The wavelength of maximum absorptance value in the chlorophyll-absorbing region lay near 665 nm for the corn leaves.The leaf reflectance at 665 nm was robustly negatively correlated with the leaf absorptance at 665 nm with R2=0.753 3,n=150,and the better relationship was observed when the leaf absorptance at 665 nm was greater than 92%.The eight spectral indices constructed from the near infrared and red or green were not correlated with the leaf pigment if calculated based on the leaf absorptance.The mSR705 and mND705 indices either based on the leaf reflectance or on the leaf absorptance,appeared to be the strongest as related to the leaf pigments.The mSR705 and mND705 based on the absorptance were slightly better related to the leaf pigments than that based on the absorptance.The results in this study implicated that the leaf surface reflectance was the main factor interfering the response of the leaf spectra,especially that of the absorptance spectra,to the change in the leaf pigment content.
The high-harmonic of the assemble capacitor internal fault protection effect

This paper expounds the assemble type capacitor in single star connection,double star connection,bridge connection mode high-harmonic current of capacitor internal fault protection reliability impact,directed through the capacitor internal different component fault ate(the rate of the fuses) under electromagnetic type delay protection equipment detection value of harmonic content analysis,the single star connection capacitor voltage protection action is to risk,and the double star connection or bridge connection capacitor unbalance current bridge differential unbalanced current protection which have the risk of error-action.
Review: NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors may prevent colorectal cancer but increase gastrointestinal and cardiovascular harm

Source Citation Rostom A, Dube C, Lewin G, et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors for primary prevention of colorectal cancer: a systematic review prepared for ...
Mitochondrial UPR: A Double-Edged Sword

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)) promotes the recovery of dysfunctional mitochondria. Surprisingly, UPR(mt) activation inadvertently maintains and propagates the deleterious mtDNA in a heteroplasmic Caenorhabditis elegans strain, with detrimental consequences. This study extends our understanding of the UPR(mt) and provides a possible therapeutic target for diseases associated with mtDNA mutations.
Tropical anvil clouds and climate sensitivity.

The surface temperature of Earth is being increased by human activities, principally by the release of greenhouse gases (1). Future warming will depend upon the rate at which greenhouse gases are released and the sensitivity of Earth’s surface temperature to those increased greenhouse gases. An often used metric of the sensitivity of Earth’s climate is the equilibrium climate sensitivity, the amount of global average surface warming that is the steady, long-term response to a doubling of carbon dioxide. The equilibrium climate sensitivity remains uncertain by about a factor of two, despite decades of study using evidence from basic theory, instrumental observations, paleoclimatic data, and global climate models (2). Global climate models indicate that a large contributor to uncertainty in climate sensitivity is the strength of cloud feedbacks. Cloud feedback is a response of cloud structure or amount to warming, which then alters the energy balance of Earth, which causes an additional change of surface temperature. An advance was made in the most recent report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which concluded that cloud feedback is likely positive, meaning that the response of clouds to climate change acts to increase the magnitude of the surface temperature change (3). This consensus is based in part on the development of basic physical understanding of why high clouds get higher (4) and low clouds decrease their area coverage in a warmed climate (5, 6). In PNAS, Bony et al. (7) propose a basic thermodynamic mechanism that may cause the temperature profile to become more stable in the upper troposphere when the Earth warms. They expect this stabilization to cause anvil cloud area to decrease in a warmed climate, although they conclude that the effect of this anvil area reduction on cloud feedback is uncertain. An understanding of the role of cloud … [↵][1]1Email: dhartm{at}uw.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Screening for Spinal Dysraphisms in Newborns With Sacral Dimples

Sacral dimples are common physical examination findings among newborns and are rarely associated with spinal dysraphism. Screening ultrasonography for simple sacral dimples in the absence of other physical findings leads to unnecessary health care costs and undue stress on families. This study was a retrospective chart review of infants with a sacral dimple on examination who underwent spinal ultrasonography in the first week of life. The documented indication for ultrasonography was compared to standard guidelines. Among 151 infants in the study, 80% had a normal spinal ultrasound. Of infants with abnormal ultrasonography, 7 (5%) had abnormal spinal magnetic resonance imaging and 2 infants (1%) required neurosurgical intervention. Our study revealed that nearly one-third of infants who underwent spinal ultrasonography had a simple sacral dimple and low likelihood of spinal dysraphism according to existing guidelines. Among patients who underwent spinal ultrasonography in accordance with guidelines, only a small percentage required neurosurgical intervention indicating that guidelines may need to be revised. Larger studies involving multiple centers are necessary to assess this need.
Is Radiotherapy Warranted Following Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Resection? The Impact of Surgical Margins and Lymph Node Status on Survival.

The role of radiotherapy (RT) for surgically resected intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains poorly defined. Radiotherapy is often considered when positive resection margins exist. The present study sought to examine the impact of radiotherapy following ICC resection. Patients with early-stage disease, who underwent surgical resection, were identified from the National Cancer Database (1998–2013). Patients were stratified by the receipt of RT. Survival outcomes were examined following propensity score matching (PS), and a Cox regression for survival analysis was used to examine predictors of survival. A total of 2897 patients were identified. R0 status was achieved in 1951 patients (67.3 %). RT was delivered to 525 patients (R0 = 255, R1/R2 = 230, unknown = 43). Following PS matching, the overall survival for R0 versus R1/R2 resection was 31.2 versus 19.5 months (p < .001), respectively. RT was associated with a trend toward improved survival for R1/R2 lymph node negative patients (39.5 vs. 21.1 months; p = .052). In a multivariate model accounting for different patient and disease characteristics, RT was not associated with survival. In contrast, age, comorbidities, tumor grade, resection margins, lymph nodes status, and tumor’s T stage were identified as negative predictors of survival. Patients with negative resection margins demonstrated improved survival outcome among ICC patients. In patients with positive resection margins and node negative disease, radiotherapy did not provide a survival benefit. Further studies are warranted to confirm and further define these results.
Disruptive Cause-Related Marketing in Professional Sports: The Case of Devon Still and the Cincinnati Bengals: Abstract

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a fundamental element of managing professional sport properties (Irwin et al. 2003). CSR refers to a company’s commitment to reduce, minimize, or eliminate harmful effects of operating, while maximizing the long-term positive impact on society (Petkus and Woodruff 1992). Besides impacting society, there is ample support for the positive impact CSR activities can have on firm reputation. One common issue with CSR and CRM activities is a lack of strategic planning on the part of the firm (Porter and Kramer 2006).
Monte Carlo modeling of recrystallization processes in α-uranium

Abstract Starting with electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) data obtained from a warm clock-rolled α-uranium deformation microstructure, a Potts Monte Carlo model was used to simulate static site-saturated recrystallization and test which recrystallization nucleation conditions within the microstructure are best validated by experimental observations. The simulations support prior observations that recrystallized nuclei within α-uranium form preferentially on non-twin high-angle grain boundary sites at 450 °C. They also demonstrate, in a new finding, that nucleation along these boundaries occurs only at a highly constrained subset of sites possessing the largest degrees of local deformation. Deformation in the EBSD data can be identified by the Kernel Average Misorientation (KAM), which may be considered as a proxy for the local geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density.
The development of pain in young pigs associated with castration and attempts to prevent castration-induced behavioral changes

Four experiments were conducted to examine the development of castration-induced behavioral changes, the effects of castration age on pig weight gain, and the efficacy of common analgesics for use in castrated pigs. In Exp. 1, behavioral changes associated with castration of pigs at 1, 5, 10, 15, or 20 d of age were evaluated. Castration caused measurable changes (reduced suckling, reduced standing, and increased lying times, P .10) for any behaviors evaluated. In Exp. 2, the performance of pigs castrated at 1 d of age was compared with the performance of those castrated on d 14 and female littermates. Birth weights, weaning weights, and mortality were recorded. Pigs that were castrated on d 14 were heavier (P = .05) at weaning and had a higher (P < .05) weight gain during lactation compared to pigs castrated on d 1 of age. Pig mortality was similar among the treatments. In Exp. 3 and 4, the efficacies of pain-reducing drugs (non-narcotic analgesics) were evaluated for effectiveness in reducing castration-induced behavioral changes in 8-wk-old pigs. Although castration reduced (P < .05) feeding time and weight gain, neither aspirin nor butorphanol influenced behavioral changes associated with castration. We conclude that pigs show similar behavioral changes (and probably pain perception) when castrated from 1 to 20 d of age. However, pig performance data favored castration at 14 d rather than at 1 d of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Locational Modeling in Spatial Analysis: Development and Maturity of Concepts

This paper provides a selective review of the field of location modeling in spatial analysis. The review is written on the basis of 30 years of experience in the area of spatial analysis, as well as an awareness of ideas in location theory emerging from recent conferences such as ISOLDE, RSAI, and INFORMS. The work synthesizes opinions and impressions from conference programs, informal conversations with colleagues at various stages of their careers, and general awareness of disciplinary norms. The paper points to several characteristics of a field in maturity. It also suggests that current ideas are, in many cases, quite well foreshadowed in the basic foundational literature; yet, at the same time, there are two kinds of emerging advances. One is a number of mathematical breakthroughs that allow an improved approach to previously difficult problems, and the other is a set of new problems that were unanticipated in the previous literature. A key attribute of maturity is that techniques from the field have resulted in real world locational decisions. The paper is illustrated with examples from location theory and applied mathematical modeling. This is both a backward- and forward-looking appreciation for some ideas that have matured and are ready, in some cases, for new mathematical and computational tools.
Person-level routing in the mobile people architecture

Ubiquitous network connectivity for devices does not automatically imply continuous reachability for people. People move from place to place and switch from one network device to another. As a result, phones ring in empty offices, email cannot reach most cell phones, and spam clogs expensive, low-bandwidth links to laptops. Whereas existing mechanisms have addressed host mobility or the mobility of people within one network, few have allowed people, the ultimate and most important endpoints of communication, to roam freely, without being constrained to one location, one application, one device, or one network. We have designed the Mobile People Architecture (MPA) to maintain person-to-person reachability. The central component of MPA is a person-level router called the Personal Proxy. It tracks a mobile person's location, accepts communications on his behalf, converts them into different application formats according to his preferences, and forwards the resulting communications to him. In contrast to similar systems, the Personal Proxy protects the user's privacy, is easily extensible to new network devices and applications, and has been deployed with no modifications to the existing network and telecommunications infrastructure. In this paper, we describe the design, implementation, and preliminary evaluation of our prototype Personal Proxy, a service that integrates Internet and telephone communication and addresses the need for person-to-person reachability.
The Role of Gender, Child Maltreatment, Alcohol Expectancies, and Personality Pathology on Relationship Violence Among Undergraduates:

Male (n = 1,104) and female (n = 1,337) college students’ self-report surveys on childhood maltreatment, alcohol expectancies, and narcissistic personality traits are examined to determine their associations with relationship violence. Intimate partner violence was measured using the violence subscales of the revised Conflict Tactics. Because we were interested in the effects of gender and because z tests of the correlations and t tests of means indicated men and women differed significantly on several variables, ordinary least squares regression models were run separately for men and women. Results suggest there are both gender similarities and differences. Relationship violence was associated with child sexual abuse for both men and women, whereas high scores on negative alcohol expectancies and vulnerable narcissism, and low scores on grandiose narcissism, were significantly associated with violence for men only. In addition, z tests revealed the regression coefficients for child sexual abuse and negat...
Control theory and addictive behavior

Control theory provides a powerful conceptual framework and mathematical armamentarium for modeling addictive behavior. It is particularly appropriate for repetitive, rhythmic behavior that occurs over time, such as drug use. We reframe seven selected theories of addictive behavior in control theoretic terms (heroin addiction model, opponent process theory, respondent conditioning, evolutionary theory, instrumental conditioning, incentive sensitization, and autoshaping) and provide examples of quantitative simulations for two of these models (opponent process theory and instrumental conditioning). This paper discusses theories of addiction to lay the foundation for control theoretic analyses of drug addiction phenomena, but does not review the empirical evidence for or against any particular model. These seven addiction models are then discussed in relation to the addictive phenomena for which they attempt to account and specific aspects of their feedback systems.
Regulation of Taurine Transport by External Taurine Concentration and Medium Osmolality in Renal Tubular Cells in Culture

Taurine is actively transported into the renal tubular cell by a Na+ — and Cl−-dependent system specific for this β-amino acid and structural analogs (14). The proximal epithelial transport system regulates the urinary excretion of taurine. Taurine transport is regulated by the dietary intake of taurine in the rat (1), by extracellular taurine concentration in kidney cells in culture (7), and by medium osmolality in MDCK cells (11). We have previously demonstrated that taurine transport in both MDCK and LLC-PK1 cells is increased following incubation of cell monolayers in taurine-free medium and in decreased following incubation of cells in high extracellular taurine (8). The LLC-PK1 is a porcine cell line of proximal tubular origin and the MDCK (Madin Darby Canine Kidney) cell line is from the collecting duct of the dog.
More than a ‘moment’: Woodrow Wilson and the foundations of twentieth century Japan

Woodrow Wilson's name remains forever entwined with the Paris Peace Conference and efforts to transform geopolitics after 1918. Despite recent emphases on the power of this so-called ‘Wilsonian Moment,’ initiatives by the American president remain controversial, and his principal global legacy has come to be defined as the rise of nationalism in the developing world. In the historiography of modern Japan, Wilson and the Paris Conference have long been identified less as opportunities than as challenges, embodied unmistakably in Prince Konoe Fumimaro's 1918 condemnation of the conference and the proposed League of Nations as beneficial only to the USA and Britain. Reading back from 1931, historians of modern Japan have located in the Versailles settlement seeds of an epic new expansionary effort from the Manchurian Incident to the destruction of Imperial Japan. This paper, by contrast, analyzes the interwar years on their own terms and, in so doing, locates the structural foundations of a dramatic Japanese national departure. Wilson is more than a ‘moment’ in interwar Japan. Embraced at the very moment that a largely agricultural and regional nineteenth-century Japan becomes a twentieth-century industrial state and world power, it is potent enough to withstand the illiberal tide of the 1930s and 40s to blossom again after the Second World War.
Complex Decision Making about Dialysis in Critically Ill Older Adults with AKI

The first hospital wards in the United States devoted exclusively to the care of critically ill patients opened in 1958 at the University of Southern California Medical Center in Los Angeles and Baltimore City Hospital ([1][1]). Over the last 60 years, intensive care unit (ICU) services have become
Prevalence and correlates of non-tissue prostate cancer diagnosis in the United States.

Abstract Background Given the potential complications of prostate biopsies, it is sometimes reasonable in selected patients to make a non-tissue diagnosis of prostate cancer. Little is known about prevalence and factors associated with non-tissue prostate cancer diagnoses in the United States. Methods We identified 40 to 99-year-old prostate cancer patients with prostate specific antigen (PSA) ≥20 ng/ml from the 2010–2015 National Cancer Database. Associations were examined between non-tissue prostate cancer diagnosis and age, race, clinical T (cT) and M (cM) categories, PSA, and Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Index (CCI) with multivariable analyses. Results Among 62,635 patients, 6.2% had a non-tissue diagnosis. The proportion of patients with non-tissue diagnoses increased with advanced age (from 0.9% in ages 40–49 to 44.0% in ages 90–99) and disease stage (cT and cM) and higher CCI and PSA level. Demographic and clinical characteristics statistically significantly associated (all P 97.9 ng/ml vs.20 to 39 ng/ml), as well as hormonal therapy (OR = 0.51, with vs. without). Conclusions Non-tissue diagnosis of prostate cancer, while rare, is not outside normal clinical practice and is strongly associated with advanced patient age, higher clinical stage, multiple comorbidities, and very high PSA levels.
Reinforcement in the banded darter Etheostoma zonale: The effect of sex and sympatry on preferences

Reinforcement occurs when selection against hybrid offspring strengthens behavioral isolation between parental species and may be an important factor in speciation. Theoretical models and experimental evidence indicate that both female and male preferences can be strengthened upon secondary contact via reinforcement. However, the question remains whether this process is more likely to affect the preferences of one sex or the other. Males of polygynous species are often predicted to exhibit weaker preferences than females, potentially limiting the ability for reinforcement to shape male preferences. Yet, in darters (Percidae: Etheostoma), male preference for conspecific mates appears to arise before female preferences during the early stages of allopatric speciation, and research suggests that male, but not female, preferences become reinforced upon secondary contact. In the current study, we aimed to determine whether the geographically widespread darter species Etheostoma zonale exhibits a signature of reinforcement, by comparing the strength of preference for conspecific mates between populations that are sympatric and allopatric with respect to a close congener, E. barrenense. We examined the strength of preference for conspecifics for males and females separately to determine whether the preferences of one or both sexes have been strengthened by reinforcement. Our results show that both sexes of E. zonale from sympatric populations exhibit stronger conspecific preferences than E. zonale from allopatric populations, but that female preferences appear to be more strongly reinforced than male preferences. Results therefore suggest that reinforcement of female preferences may promote behavioral isolation upon secondary contact, even in a genus that is characterized by pervasive male mate choice.
Disintegration of Surfactant Micelles at Metal-Water Interfaces Promotes Their Strong Adsorption.

We have studied the adsorption behavior of micelles of cationic surfactants at metal–water interfaces via fully atomistic simulations. We show that the micelles experience a free energy barrier to ...
Obesity is Associated with Significantly More Anastomotic Leaks After Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy: A NSQIP Database Study

This study assessed the association between obesity status and postoperative outcomes for patients who underwent transthoracic esophagectomy (TTE) or transhiatal esophagectomy (THE) via an open or minimally invasive (MIE) surgical approach. The 2016–2018 national surgical quality improvement program esophagectomy-targeted database was used to identify adult patients who underwent TTE or THE, with stratification of patients by obesity status and surgical approach. Using a multivariable regression model for each outcome, the study evaluated whether the adjusted difference between obese and non-obese patients varied between the open and MIE approaches. In this study, 1260 patients underwent TTE (28.1% obese; 51.7% MIE), and 386 patients underwent THE (29.3% obese; 43.0% MIE). The obese patients in the TTE cohort who underwent MIE had 3.4 times higher odds of failing to wean from mechanical ventilation within 48 h (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8–6.4), 1.7 times greater odds of returning to the operating room (95% CI 1.1– 3.0), 2.4 times greater odds of having an index hospital stay longer than 30 days, (95% CI 1.0–6.0), and 2.5 times greater odds of experiencing a grade 3 anastomotic leak (95% CI 1.3–4.9). No differences between obese and non-obese patients were observed among those who underwent TTE via an open approach or THE. The findings showed that obese patients undergoing TTE via an MIE approach had greater odds of failing to wean from mechanical ventilation within 48 h, returning to the operating room, having an index hospital stay longer than 30 days, and having a grade 3 anastomotic leak. These results are in contrast to the previously published literature and require replication as additional data become available.
Utilization Management, Case Management, and Care Coordination

Previously, the responsibilities of utilization management (UM) professionals were seen as distinct, but the value of connecting UM with quality and safety management is becoming clear and is now driven by a shift from fee for service reimbursement to the more outcome-oriented value-based models. The underlying reason to integrate the frameworks of utilization management, case management (CM), and care coordination (CC) is to make sure that health care is delivered to the patient and the population efficiently and effectively where such activities directly impact the quality of outcomes. This contrasts with the older concept of utilization review as a sole means to control resources and the cost of care. Intrinsic to UM, CM, and CC are structured programs and methodologies that incorporate indicators, monitors, and benchmarks that track and note trends in the processes and outcomes of care as planned and delivered. This chapter describes the UM, CM, and CC processes and discusses how aligning these overlapping processes is essential to high-quality, cost-effective care delivery models such as the chronic care model and the patient- and family-centered medical home.
Superconducting Magnet Qualification Methodology for the Material Plasma Exposure Experiment

The Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment (MPEX), currently under design, is a new linear plasma device to advance the understanding of plasma-material interactions through the generation and delivery of plasmas as they are expected in future fusion reactor divertors. MPEX will be a steady-state device to study high-fluence exposures of plasma-facing materials and components. The requirements for the magnetic field at the target and the heating stages make the application of superconducting coils necessary. Conceptual designs for the superconducting magnets have been developed, and multiple cryostats with warm bore diameters of either 65 cm or 156 cm are envisioned to facilitate their integrated and timely assembly with other systems such as vacuum, water cooling, and RF power. Although design, fabrication, and testing for the magnets as stand-alone units are straightforward, challenges will arise during the integration of the system. Two different field profiles will be used during operation. The magnetic field where the electron cyclotron heating occurs needs to operate at both 1.25 and 2.5 T. It is critical that the magnets all share the same magnetic axis and alignment. The mutual inductance between cryostats will affect the quench behavior of the system. Also, cryostat-to-cryostat forces can be as large as 700 kN, and the magnitude and direction will change depending on which coils are energized. The design of the system must take those characteristics into account along with the quench scenarios. This paper describes the qualification approach that will be used to determine whether stand-alone tests can be used to ensure the success of the integrated system. Fiducials will be used to define the location of the magnetic axis for each cryostat to ensure proper alignment. Quench tests of a single magnet will be performed at a current above the normal operating current to account for additional stored energy from the mutual inductance to adjacent cryostats. Also, a 1018 steel plate will be mounted on either end of a cryostat to simulate the cryostat-to-cryostat forces. Requirements for the size and location of the steel plates are described.
Quantification of serum fibroblast growth factor-19 concentration in healthy dogs before and after feeding.

OBJECTIVE To measure serum fibroblast growth factor-19 (FGF-19) concentration and gallbladder volume in healthy dogs before and after feeding to determine whether serum FGF-19 concentration increas...
Korean Lacquerware from the Late Joseon Dynasty: Conservation and Analysis of Four Objects at the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco

In-depth studies of the manufacture and composition of late nineteenth century Korean lacquerware from the Joseon dynasty are underrepresented in the English-language literature. This article, the ...
A methylation study implicates the rewiring of brain neural circuits during puberty in the emergence of sex differences in depression symptoms.

BACKGROUND Women are 1.5-3 times more likely to suffer from depression than men. This sex bias first emerges during puberty and then persists across the reproductive years. As the cause remains largely elusive, we performed a methylation-wide association study (MWAS) to generate novel hypotheses. METHODS We assayed nearly all 28 million possible methylation sites in blood in 595 blood samples from 487 participants aged 9-17. MWASs were performed to identify methylation sites associated with increasing sex differences in depression symptoms as a function of pubertal stage. Epigenetic deconvolution was applied to perform analyses on a cell-type specific level. RESULTS In monocytes, a substantial number of significant associations were detected after controlling the FDR at 0.05. These results could not be explained by plasma testosterone/estradiol or current/lifetime trauma. Our top results in monocytes were significantly enriched (ratio of 2.48) for genes in the top of a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of depression and neurodevelopment-related Gene Ontology (GO) terms that remained significant after correcting for multiple testing. Focusing on our most robust findings (70 genes overlapping with the GWAS meta-analysis and the significant GO terms), we find genes coding for members of each of the major classes of axon guidance molecules (netrins, slits, semaphorins, ephrins, and cell adhesion molecules). Many of these genes were previously implicated in rodent studies of brain development and depression-like phenotypes, as well as human methylation, gene expression and GWAS studies. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the emergence of sex differences in depression may be related to the differential rewiring of brain circuits between boys and girls during puberty.
State-selective phase control of molecular wave packets in two electronic states

State-selective phase control over rotational wave packets in two Li2 electronic states using tailored femtosecond pulses is demonstrated. A shaped preparation pulse simultaneously creates wave packets in the A and E electronic states, which are probed using a second time-delayed pulse. This allows independent phase control of selected rotational wave packet components in both electronic states.bl]References
Groups with a (B, N)-Pair of Rank 2. I

Publisher Summary A group G is said to have a (B, N)-pair if there exist subgroups B and N of G satisfying the conditions: (1) G =
Sustainability in start-up ventures: what founders say versus what they do

Purpose – Although founders of start-up ventures seem to hold similar views about ethical, social, and environmental principles as those in large firms, entrepreneurs tend to be focussed on their immediate stakeholders, including customers, employees, suppliers, and investors. The purpose of this paper is to compare founders’ views – “what they say” – about sustainable business practices to their described business models – “what they do.” Design/methodology/approach – An opinion survey of prospective business start-up founders, along with a content analysis of their business plans, is used to compare founders’ views – “what they say” – about sustainable business practices to their described business models – “what they do.” Findings – Findings suggest that prospective business founders do value sustainable business practices. However, the content of their business models does not reflect their espoused importance of sustainability. Research limitations/implications – The main limitation of this study is ...
A dynamic data structure for planar graph embedding

We present a dynamic data structure that allows for incrementally constructing a planar embedding of a planar graph with n vertices and m edges. The data structure supports the following operations: (1) testing if a new edge can be added to the embedding without introducing crossings; (2) adding and removing vertices and edges. In each case the time complexity is O (log m). The space used and the preprocessing time are O(m). If the graph is simple (i.e. it has no self-loops and no parallel edges), the above bounds become O(log n) and O(n), respectively. This work finds applications in circuit layout, graphics, motion planning, and computer-aided design.
Taming the Conflict over Educational Equality

This article proposes an approach to educational distribution that attempts to minimise enduring tensions among conflicting values. At the foundation of this approach is a threshold of educational adequacy based on what is needed for citizens to participate in a democratic society. This threshold is justified because it minimises conflict with parental rights and because it better manages ‘the bottomless pit’ problem of educational distribution. This threshold is then modified to stipulate that, after the threshold has been reached, public resources should be distributed equally across students from all backgrounds. While this modification is essential to sending messages of equal citizenship, it also leaves a ‘moral residue’ because it allows wealthy parents to invest greater private resources in their children, thus preserving their children's competitive advantage. Minimising this harm requires policy mechanisms outside of schools that more aggressively break the link between educational outcomes, success in market competition, and social goods. Something ‘external’ to educational institutions is necessary, then, for the achievement of educational justice.
Inverse modeling estimates of the global nitrous oxide surface flux from 1998-2001

Northern Land, and Northern Oceans). We found that compared to our a priori estimate (from the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme’s Global Emissions Inventory Activity), the a posteriori flux was much lower from 90� S–30� S and substantially higher from equator to 30� N. Consistent with these results, the a posteriori flux from the Southern Oceans region was lower than the a priori estimate, while Tropical Land and Tropical Ocean estimates were higher. The ratio of Northern Hemisphere to Southern Hemisphere fluxes was found to range from 1.9 to 5.2 (depending on the model setup), which is higher than the a priori ratio (1.5) and at the high end of previous estimates. Globally, ocean emissions contributed 26–36% of the total flux (again depending on the model setup), consistent with the a priori estimate (29%), though somewhat higher than some other previous estimates.
Identification of Linear Systems from their Pulse Responses

This paper discusses a system identification algorithm employing the Hankel matrix of system Markov parameters. This algorithm is an extended version of the Eigensystem Realization Using Data Correlation (ERA/DC) and Q-Markov Covariance Equivalent Realization (Q-Markov Cover) algorithms. Under the assumptions that the Markov parameters are obtained from system pulse response measurements and that the measurement noises have rational spectrums, the effects of the measurement noises on the identification will be discussed and analytic formulas explicitly discribing these effects will be derived. We will show that under certain conditions system eigenvalues can always (with probability one) be correctly identified and the identified model can be partitioned into two submodels, a submodel containing correct System parameters and a submodel resulting from the measurement noises.
Downloads or Outcomes?: Measuring and Communicating the Contributions of Library Resources to Faculty and Student Success

How can libraries proactively demonstrate, quantitatively and qualitatively, return on investment in an academic environment that is increasingly concerned with tangible results? As speaker for Mississippi State University Libraries' 9th MidSouth eResource Symposium, Dr. Rachel Fleming-May, Assistant Professor at the University of Tennessee's School of Information Sciences, articulated the need for libraries to communicate their true value and indispensability to campus communities, particularly through the measurement of electronic resource usage. The concept of “use,” however, is complex and must be fully understood for meaningful incorporation into assessment measures. A brief summary of this session, also authored by Amanda Price, appeared in the “E-Resource Roundup” column of the Journal of Electronic Resources Librarianship, Volume 23, Issue 1 (2011: March).
Einstein’s Unified Field Theory Program

This contribution gives an overview of Einstein's work on unified field theory. It characterizes this work from four perspectives, by looking at its conceptual, representational, biographical, and philosophical dimensions.
Hyperfine structures of the nd 1D(n = 3−8) states of 3He I☆

Abstract We have used the beam-foil quantum beat method to measure the hyperfine structure separations F = 3 2 − 5 2 of the 1 s n d 1 D states (n=3−8) of 3 He I . We observed the single frequency modulated decay curves of the 1 s 2 p 1 P − 1 s n d 1 D transitions for times after excitation up to 50 ns, corresponding to 4−5 modulation periods. The frequency obtained (with a precision of 2–5%) are compared with other experiments and theory. The frequencies are determined mainly by the singlet-triplet energy separations and mixing factors for the He I D-states. The results agree with the same parameters obtained from other recent level-crossing measurements in strong magnetic field mixing of the singlet-triplet states.
Affect Regulation and the Repair of the Self

In 1994 Allan Schore published his groundbreaking book, Affect Regulation and the Origin of the Self, in which he integrated a large number of experimental and clinical studies from both the psychological and biological disciplines in order to construct an overarching model of social and emotional development. Since then he has expanded his regulation theory in more than two dozen articles and essays covering multiple disciplines, including neuroscience, psychiatry, psychoanalysis, developmental psychology, attachment, and trauma. Affect Regulation and the Repair of the Self contains chapters on neuropsychoanalysis and developmentally oriented psychotherapy. It is absolutely essential reading for all clinicians, researchers, and general readers interested in normal and abnormal human development.
The external dimension of Libya's troubled transition: the international community and ‘democratic knowledge’ transfer

What are the sources of democratic knowledge in a context devoid of relevant experience and institutions? More than other Arab Spring states, Libya lacked the ingredients for successful democratisation. Yet, Libya's Arab Spring uprising was also unique in that external actors, Western and Arab, supported it through military intervention. Why was the international community's successful intervention to protect civilians and help overthrow the Qadhafi regime not translated into creating the conditions for stability, security, and the construction of democratic institutions after that regime fell? This article analyses the international dimension of Libya's transition and argues that the potential for external actors to be effective sources of democratic knowledge in post-Qadhafi Libya was severely constrained from the outset by the absence of leverage and linkages, two key factors highlighted in research on the international dimension of democratisation.
Control of Synthesis of Malate Dehydrogenase in Aerobacter aerogenes

Abstract An inverse linear relationship was observed between the levels of l-malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and growth rates of Aerobacter aerogenes when grown under aerobic and anaerobic conditions on various substrates which served as the sole carbon and energy sources. Deviations from this linearity were found. MDH levels of cells grown aerobically on oxalacetate, l-malate, d-mannose and d-galactose, and of cells grown anaerobically on l-malate and d-mannose were higher than those expected according to this relationship. Enzyme levels of cells grown aerobically on maltose, d-glucuronate, pyruvate, and possibly melibiose and sucrose were lower than the expected ones. Experiments in which the cells were grown on a mixture of two substrates showed that substrates which gave low levels of MDH repressed the synthesis of this enzyme even in the presence of l-malate or other “high-level substrates.” Repressed levels were also observed when the mixture contained l-malate together with “intermediate” or high-level substrates. Identical MDH patterns were obtained by acrylamide gel electrophoresis for all the enzymatic preparations.
Persons and their Properties

Examinant la dimension contextuelle de la definition neo-lockeenne de la personne comme relation avec son corps, l'A. se propose de refuter la these de l'asymetrie epistemologique entre les proprietes mentales et les proprietes physiques non-cerebrales, respectivement definies en termes de predicats mentaux et de predicats physiques. Soulevant le probleme de la verite des propositions qui attribuent directement des proprietes physiques aux personnes, d'une part, et analysant la distinction entre l'auto-attribution des predicats physiques et l'auto-attribution des predicats mentaux, d'autre part, l'A. montre que la notion d'iummunite a l'erreur par la mesidentification (IEM) developpee par S. Shoemaker ne peut etre fondee sur l'inference des jugements mentaux
Epigenetic Link Between DNA Methylation and Histone Modifications

The methylation of mammalian DNA, primarily at CpG dinucleotides, has long been recognized to play a major role in controlling gene expression and in coordination with the parallel chromatin-marking system that operates at the level of histone modification. I will describe recent studies on, and discusses the resulting biochemical and structural insights into, the DNA nucleotide methyltransferases (Dnmts) and histone lysine methyltransferases (HKMTs) that modulate DNA methylation.
Remote Detection of Trichloroethylene in Soil by a Fiber-Optic Infrared Reflectance Probe

A remote detection method for measuring the infrared reflectance from chlorinated hydrocarbons in soils is demonstrated. The method uses a 12-m-long, field-ruggedized, chalcogenide fiber to transmit IR reflectance data to a remotely located FT-IR spectrometer. Minimum observable signal corresponding to 250 ppm of trichloroethylene (TCE) in sand was measured with the system. Suggestions for improving the threshold detection limit are offered.
Creating custom fitted point of goggles through facial metrics

This paper displays the possible uses of facial metrics to create custom fitted POG goggles. This custom device will improve usage and enhance conformability for the end user.