cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Free space excitation of chaotic whispering gallery modes in a deformed glass microsphere

Summary form only given. We report studies of chaotic WG modes in non-axisymmetric fused silica microspheres through free space excitation. The far field emission pattern from these WG modes exhibits strong directionality and effects of dynamical eclipsing. A comparison between the experimental results and a 3D ray chaos model illustrates the importance of Arnol'd diffusion in asymmetric 3D WG resonators. The 3D ray model, however, cannot account for all of the experimentally observed emission directions.
Sexual Orientation Change Efforts Through Psychotherapy for LGBQ Individuals Affiliated With the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

This study reports the results of a comprehensive online survey of 1,612 current or former members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, many of whom engaged in psychotherapy to cope with (i.e., understand, accept, or change) their same-sex attractions. Data obtained from written and quantitative responses showed that therapy was initiated over a very wide age range and continued for many years. However, counseling was largely ineffective; less than 4% reported any modification of core same-sex erotic attraction. Moreover, 42% reported that their change-oriented therapy was not at all effective, and 37% found it to be moderately to severely harmful. In contrast, affirming psychotherapeutic strategies were often found to be beneficial in reducing depression, increasing self-esteem, and improving family and other relationships. Results suggest that the very low likelihood of a modification of sexual orientation and the ambiguous nature of any such change should be important considerations for highly religious sexual minority individuals considering reorientation therapy.
A Perspective on Predicting Currency Crises

Currency crises are difficult to predict. It could be that we are choosing the wrong variables or using the wrong models or adopting measurement techniques not up to the task. We set up a Monte Carlo experiment designed to evaluate the measurement techniques. In our study, the methods are given the right fundamentals and the right models and are evaluated on how closely the estimated predictions match the objectively correct predictions. We find that all methods do reasonably well when fundamentals are explosive and all do badly when fundamentals are merely highly volatile.
Coupled-Resonator Optical Waveguides and Mode Cycling

We discuss the design principles and the fabrication and operational characteristics of coupled-resonator optical waveguides and devices. Various mechanisms of active and passive resonator coupling are discussed and demonstrated for applications in chip-based optical signal processing.
Physical variability of the oceans

Variability of the Oceans. By A. S. Monin, V. M. Kamenkovich and V. G. Kort. Pp.xiii+241. (Wiley-Interscience: New York and London, 1977.) £14.95; $25.35.
Effective properties of nonlinear inhomogeneous dielectrics.

We develop a general procedure for estimating the effective constitutive behavior of nonlinear dielectrics. The procedure is based on a variational principle expressing the effective energy function of a given nonlinear composite in terms of the effective energy functions of the class of linear comparison composites. This provides an automatic procedure for converting well-known information for linear composites, in the form of estimates and bounds for their effective dielectric constants, into corresponding estimates and bounds for the effective behavior of nonlinear composites. Further, the procedure is easily implemented, and leads in some cases to exact results. Thus, exact estimates are given herein for isotropic weakly nonlinear composites with general nonlinearity, and bounds of the Hashin-Shtrikman type are given for the class of two-phase, isotropic dielectric composites with strongly and perfectly nonlinear constitutive behavior. The optimality of the bounds is addressed briefly.
Spectroscopic detection of CO dissociation on defect sites on Ru(1 0 9): implications for Fischer–Tropsch catalytic chemistry☆

Abstract Dissociative chemistry of CO on an atomically stepped single crystal Ru(1 0 9) surface was studied using the combination of vibrational spectroscopic and thermal desorption measurements. CO molecules on stepped Ru are by desorption and dissociation together upon heating to 480 K. Contrary to the atomically smooth Ru(0 0 1) surface, the step defect sites on the Ru(1 0 9) surface facilitate CO dissociation. Adsorbed atomic O and C then recombinatively desorb near 520 K. This low-temperature mobile carbon species is likely to be an intermediate in the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis on Ru.
Electron cloud density measurements in accelerator beam-pipe using resonant microwave excitation

Abstract An accelerator beam can generate low energy electrons in the beam-pipe, generally called electron cloud, that can produce instabilities in a positively charged beam. One method of measuring the electron cloud density is by coupling microwaves into and out of the beam-pipe and observing the response of the microwaves to the presence of the electron cloud. In the original technique, microwaves are transmitted through a section of beam-pipe and a change in EC density produces a change in the phase of the transmitted signal. This paper describes a variation on this technique in which the beam-pipe is resonantly excited with microwaves and the electron cloud density calculated from the change that it produces in the resonant frequency of the beam-pipe. The resonant technique has the advantage that measurements can be localized to sections of beam-pipe that are a meter or less in length with a greatly improved signal to noise ratio.
Behavior in a Mixed Motive Game as a Function of Induced Self-Esteem

High, neutral, and low self-esteem were induced in college students who then took part in a mixed motive game. It was hypothesized that induced low self-esteem would result in highly competitive behavior. This prediction was confirmed for the first trial block of 10 trials but no difference in competitive behavior among the 3 groups was observed during the second through fifth trial blocks. The results were discussed in terms of the success of the induction of level of self-esteem, the perceived strategy of the other player, and the way in which the perceived strategy might interact with chronic and induced levels of self-esteem.
Sealing in Turbomachinery

Clearance control is of paramount importance to turbomachinery designers and is required to meet today's aggressive power output, efficiency, and operational life goals. Excessive clearances lead to losses in cycle efficiency, flow instabilities, and hot gas ingestion into disk cavities. Insufficient clearances limit coolant flows and cause interface rubbing, overheating downstream components and damaging interfaces, thus limiting component life. Designers have put renewed attention on clearance control, as it is often the most cost effective method to enhance system performance. Advanced concepts and proper material selection continue to play important roles in maintaining interface clearances to enable the system to meet design goals. This work presents an overview of turbomachinery sealing to control clearances. Areas covered include: characteristics of gas and steam turbine sealing applications and environments, benefits of sealing, types of standard static and dynamics seals, advanced seal designs, as well as life and limitations issues.
Neuronal cyclin-dependent kinase 5: role in nervous system function and its specific inhibition by the Cdk5 inhibitory peptide

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family that is involved in the regulation of the cell cycle. As their name suggests, the Cdks require association with activator proteins called cyclins for their activity. Cdk5, however, is unique to this family of proline-directed serine/threonine kinases on two accounts. Firstly, Cdk5 has not been found to function in the cell cycle and, although expressed in a number of tissues, its activity is restricted to the nervous system. Secondly, unlike the other members of the Cdk family, Cdk5 is not activated by association with a cyclin, although it can bind them. Instead, Cdk5 is activated by the activator proteins p35 and p39 that are structurally distinct from cyclins and have, for the most part, a neuronal-specific expression pattern. In the past decade of research on Cdk5, it is now established that Cdk5 activity is critical for the proper formation and function of the brain. Moreover, its role as a central kinase, phosphorylating its substrates in its 'cross-talk' control of other kinase and signal transduction pathways, has also been determined. In addition to the normal physiological role of Cdk5, the kinase has been implicated in certain neurodegenerative disorders. For example, Cdk5 associates with the proteolytic, more active p25 fragment that is derived through the cleavage of p35. In turn, the p25/Cdk5 complex aberrantly phosphorylates its substrates tau and neurofilaments, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of these disorders. Here, we attempt to review the past decade of research on Cdk5 from our laboratory and others, on the roles of Cdk5 in nervous system function. Additionally, our research has recently uncovered a possible therapeutic avenue of research, focusing on inhibition of aberrant Cdk5 hyperactivity which may well be used to treat the symptoms of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. The elucidation of a specific inhibitor of p25/Cdk5, termed CIP, also inhibits p25/Cdk5-mediated tau phosphorylation. This may well provide us with avenues of research focusing on the inhibition of pathologically damaging p25/Cdk5 species.
Prevalence estimates of gestational diabetes mellitus in the United States, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 2007-2010.

Introduction The true prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is unknown. The objective of this study was 1) to provide the most current GDM prevalence reported on the birth certificate and the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) questionnaire and 2) to compare GDM prevalence from PRAMS across 2007-2008 and 2009-2010. Methods We examined 2010 GDM prevalence reported on birth certificate or PRAMS questionnaire and concordance between the sources. We included 16 states that adopted the 2003 revised birth certificate. We also examined trends from 2007 through 2010 and included 21 states that participated in PRAMS for all 4 years. We combined GDM prevalence across 2-year intervals and conducted t tests to examine differences. Data were weighted to represent all women delivering live births in each state. Results GDM prevalence in 2010 was 4.6% as reported on the birth certificate, 8.7% as reported on the PRAMS questionnaire, and 9.2% as reported on either the birth certificate or questionnaire. The agreement between sources was 94.1% (percent positive agreement = 3.7%, percent negative agreement = 90.4%). There was no significant difference in GDM prevalence between 2007-2008 (8.1%) and 2009-2010 (8.5%, P = .15). Conclusion Our results indicate that GDM prevalence is as high as 9.2% and is more likely to be reported on the PRAMS questionnaire than the birth certificate. We found no statistical difference in GDM prevalence between the 2 phases. Further studies are needed to understand discrepancies in reporting GDM by data source.
Acculturation and cigarette smoking among Korean American men.

This study examined the prevalence and correlated factors of cigarette smoking in a cross-sectional, epidemiological survey of Korean American men living in Maryland (n=333). In this sample, 26.1% were current smokers and 42.3% were former smokers. The older age group (> or = 40 years) was more likely to have quit smoking than the younger age group (< 40 years). In multiple logistic regression analysis, acculturation was associated with smoking status; those who stayed more than 20 years in the U.S. were less likely to be current smokers (OR=0.32, 95% CI 0.13-0.77) than those who stayed less than 10 years. Alcohol use was associated with smoking status; those who consumed alcohol were more likely to be current smokers (OR=5.24, 95% CI 2.33-11.79) or former smokers (OR=5.45, 95% CI=2.69-11.04) than those did not. Those with hypertension were more likely to have quit smoking (OR=3.11, 95% CI=1.33-7.24). The results suggest that the role of acculturation in smoking status among Korean American men deserves further attention by researchers as well as by health professionals who develop smoking prevention and cessation programs.
Nine-analyte detection using an array-based biosensor

A fluorescence-based multianalyte immunosensor has been developed for simultaneous analysis of multiple samples. While the standard 6 × 6 format of the array sensor has been used to analyze six samples for six different analytes, this same format has the potential to allow a single sample to be tested for 36 different agents. The method described herein demonstrates proof of principle that the number of analytes detectable using a single array can be increased simply by using complementary mixtures of capture and tracer antibodies. Mixtures were optimized to allow detection of closely related analytes without significant cross-reactivity. Following this facile modification of patterning and assay procedures, the following nine targets could be detected in a single 3 × 3 array: Staphylococcal enterotoxin B, ricin, cholera toxin, Bacillus anthracis Sterne, Bacillus globigii, Francisella tularensis LVS, Yersinia pestis F1 antigen, MS2 coliphage, and Salmonella typhimurium. This work maximizes the efficiency...
Toxic and excitatory effects of the molluscicide metaldehyde on the biofouling bivalve Dreissena polymorpha Pallas

The zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha Pallas, is a biofouling freshwater pest for which alternative control methods to the use of chlorine are sought. Metaldehyde, a molluscicide used primarily for control of terrestrial slugs, has also been shown to have efficacy and specificity in the control of aquatic snails. To test its potential for zebra mussel control, we investigated its effects on zebra mussel viability and on contractility of siphon/mantle muscle preparations in vitro. Metaldehyde caused zebra mussel mortality within 48 h at concentrations of approximately 0.1 and 0.2 g litre−1. The same concentrations of metaldehyde activated a complex, excitatory response in previously quiescent siphon/mantle preparations but did not modify the contractile responses of the preparations to acetylcholine. The relatively low level of toxicity of metaldehyde to zebra mussels, compared to its toxicity to snails and slugs, and the difficulty of applying this relatively insoluble molluscicide in the aqueous environment suggest that metaldehyde would not be an effective zebra mussel control agent. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Finite-range DWBA analysis of (p, α) reactions on 9Be and 11B

Abstract The ground state angular distributions of the reactions 9 Be(p, α) 6 Li and 11 B(p, α) 8 Be are analyzed by means of the DWBA theory. One-step direct mechanisms only are considered, but for both reactions the inclusion of the heavy-particle pick-up is found to be essential. DWBA fits to the data are obtained (a) in the zero-range approximation, (b) in the “fixed-range” approximation and (c) by an exact finite-range calculation. Only the latter method yields both an acceptable fit and reasonable values for the spectroscopic factors.
The Brothers RAF

Targeted molecular therapies for cancer treatment have shown promise, but also have limitations. In this issue, Heidorn et al. (2010) find that a class of targeted molecular therapies with clinical effectiveness against one melanoma subtype may have adverse clinical effects in another.
Molecular characterization of S‐ and N‐containing organic constituents in ambient aerosols by negative ion mode high‐resolution Nanospray Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: CalNex 2010 field study

Samples of ambient aerosols from the 2010 California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) field study were analyzed using negative ion mode Nanospray Desorption Electrospray Ionization High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (nano-DESI/MS). Four samples per day (6 h each) were collected in Bakersfield, CA on 20–24 June. Four characteristic groups were identified: molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only (CHO), sulfur- (CHOS), nitrogen- (CHON), and both nitrogen- and sulfur-containing organics (CHONS). The chemical formula and elemental ratios were consistent with the presence of organonitrates, organosulfate, and nitroxy organosulfates in the negative ion mode mass spectra. The number of observed CHO compounds increased in the afternoon samples, suggesting photochemical processing as a source. The average number of CHOS compounds had the smallest changes during the day, consistent with a more broadly distributed source. Both of the nitrogen-containing groups (CHONS and CHON) had greater numbers of compounds in the early morning (midnight to 6 A.M.) and night (6 P.M. to midnight) samples, respectively, consistent with nitrate radical chemistry as a likely source for those compounds. Most of the compounds were found in submicron particles. The size distribution of the number of CHON compounds was bimodal, potentially indicating two types of sources. We conclude that the majority of the compounds observed were secondary in nature with both biogenic and anthropogenic sources. These data are complementary to previous results from positive ion mode nano-DESI/MS analysis of a subset of the same samples providing a more complete view of aerosol chemical composition at Bakersfield.
Differences of interface and bulk transport properties in polymer field-effect devices

Abstract The influence of substrate treatment with self-assembled monolayers and thermal annealing was analysed by electrical and structural measurements on field-effect transistors (FETs) and metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) diodes using poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as a semiconducting polymer and Si/SiO 2 wafers as a substrate. It is found that surface treatment using silanising agents like hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) and octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) can increase the field-effect mobility by up to a factor of 50, reaching values in saturation of more than 4 × 10 −2 cm 2 /V s at room temperature. While there is a clear correlation between the obtained field-effect mobility and the contact angle of water on the treated substrates, X-ray diffraction and capacitance measurements on MIS diodes show that structural and electrical properties in the bulk of the P3HT films are not influenced by the surface treatment. On the other hand, thermal annealing is found to cause an increase of grain size, bulk relaxation frequency and thereby of the mobility perpendicular to the SiO 2 /P3HT interface, but has very little influence on the field-effect mobility. Temperature dependent investigations on MIS diodes and FETs show that the transport perpendicular to the substrate plane is thermally activated and can be described by hopping in a Gaussian density of states, whereas the field-effect mobility in the substrate plane is almost temperature independent over a wide range. Thus, our investigations reveal significant differences between interface and bulk transport properties in polymer field-effect devices.
A light microscopic study of the mononuclear cells infiltrating skin homografts in the garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis (Reptilia: Colubridae).

The rejection of skin homografts in the snake, Thamnophis sirtalis is preceded by an infiltration of mononuclear cells into the graft bed. The initial arrangement of infiltrating cells in perivascular halos suggests that these cells emigrate from the blood stream of the host. A cytological study showed that the vast majority of the cells can be classified as small and mediumsized lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages. Early stages of infiltration were associated with large proportions of lymphocytes while later stages were characterized by a predominance of macrophages. It was concluded that the mononuclear cells associated with graft rejection include large proportions of lymphocytes and macrophages and not just one kind of lymphoid cell.
Infantile-onset nystagmus.

Purpose of review Recent studies on the various forms of infantile-onset nystagmus have advanced our understanding of these disorders. The previously described waveforms of infantile nystagmus syndrome (congenital nystagmus) may be identified in infants less than 7 months of age, including the more mature forms; the visual status of these patients may be directly correlated with their mean foveation times. Recent findings Refractive errors in patients with infantile nystagmus syndrome do not follow the expected trend toward emmetropization during infancy and early childhood. A study on the torsional component of nystagmus present in most patients with infantile nystagmus syndrome found it to be generated centrally and not by peripheral or mechanical dynamics. Two psychophysical studies on patients with infantile nystagmus syndrome revealed significant differences compared with control subjects. Two different animal models imply that lack of normal visual motion during a critical period of development in infancy leads to infantile nystagmus syndrome. An electron microscopic study of the enthesis site-where the extraocular muscle tendon inserts onto the sclera-in normal individuals versus patients with infantile nystagmus syndrome revealed significant abnormalities in the latter. Significant demographic and socioeconomic differences were reported between patients with infantile nystagmus syndrome and those with spasmus nutans. Summary New evidence supports a role for sympathomimetic modulation of infantile nystagmus syndrome. Novel surgical treatments for infantile nystagmus syndrome are also discussed.
Bicriterion design of process control charts

Abstract In this paper, we develop a bicriterion approach to the design of process control charts through the use of a multi-attribute utility function. This approach accounts for both the multi-objective aspect (involving minimization of expected administrative cost and maximization of outgoing quality) and the uncertainty/risk aspect (involving uncertainty in the process output) of the problem. As such, the approach allows for several advantages over current design methodologies, including the elimination of a dichotomous view of quality. To illustrate the new methodology, we present a specific model for the joint design of an X chart and an R chart. Results are given for a hypothetical situation involving various utility functions. The results concerning the optimal design for the control charts are robust with respect to the forms (e.g., linear, concave, or convex) of the individual attribute utility functions over the cost and quality attributes. However, the respective weights attached to these individual attribute utility functions within the overall utility function have a significant impact on the optimal design.
Introductory Speech for Joseph D. McInerney

I am extremely pleased to introduce this year's recipient of the Excellence in Education Award from the American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG), Joe McInerney. Our previous awardees have been identified with specific texts or training programs. Joe's influence reaches far beyond the limits of our Society. He has been key for keeping evolution in high school biology texts while under constant pressure from local, state, and national organizations.Joe was trained as a genetic counselor and soon responded to an invitation from Bentley Glass, a former ASHG president, to assume the direction of the near-moribund Biological Sciences Curriculum Study (BSCS), which is responsible for the development of the core texts for teaching high school biology. At the time Joe moved to take on this task, the group was in disarray, having only two employees and yet charged with maintaining standards for texts used across the country. He rebuilt the organization and, under constant fire from those trying to introduce creationism into high school science teaching, led the development of all the central texts that are the predecessors of our current instructional materials. This is a lonely task, and Joe and his family were not immune to those midnight calls to his family that we all fear.Once this task was well established, Joe was invited to become the first, and only, director of the National Coalition of Health Professional Education in Genetics (fondly known as “NCHPEG”), the organization that has assumed the broad mandate to create the educational guidelines that introduce and maintain genetics in the curricula for all health professions.For those of you who know Joe, you sense the enormous responsibility that he feels in guarding the bastions of genetics and evolution for students in high school and introducing them to the core ideas of science—a way of thinking and solving problems, not the body of knowledge gained.Joe has that character of unassuming, strong leadership and is the ultimate mentor for all of us, in the way that he has led by example. Joe is our spokesman in education and, in being the recipient of this final award of our meeting, brings us full cycle in the emphasis we have placed this year on education and activism. We need more people like Joe, but I worry that the mold is broken.
Laser 40Ar39Ar dating of microgram-size illite samples and implications for thin section dating☆

Laser 40Ar39Ar ages were obtained from a series of replicate illite samples ranging in mass from 14 to 77 pg using vacuum-encapsulated irradiation, and the results were compared with earlier analyses of the same material (Doug et al., 1995). This test confirmed that measured argon ages, in particular argon retention ages, are independent of sample size. Since the argon retention age does not require the 39Ar recoil gas fraction, it is clear that retention ages can be measured on illite within thin sections. Laser spot ages were obtained from thin sections of the same Welsh Basin shale analyzed as illite separates. Early results on untreated thin sections yielded a wide range of ages, some much younger than those measured previously. However, apparent age was negatively correlated with measured ClK ratios, suggesting the presence of a young, water soluble component which had been removed during mineral separation. Prolonged water rinsing of the thin sections reduced or virtually eliminated the young phase, yielding age results consistent with earlier work on illite separates. This indicates that dating of clays in thin section has the potential of being a powerful tool in unraveling complex histories of diagenesis and metamorphism.
Parental uncertainty in illness: managing uncertainty surrounding an "orphan" illness.

Parents of children with complex chronic illnesses experience substantial uncertainty that is heightened when the condition is an "orphan" illness not belonging to one medical specialty. The current study explores uncertainty experienced by parents of children with "orphan" illnesses requiring multidisciplinary care. Method: Participant-observations over 13 months ( n =200) were combined with questionnaire data ( n =55) to assess parental uncertainty at a multidisciplinary pediatric clinic. Results: Five unique types of uncertainty emerged from a grounded analysis (Glaser & Strauss, 1967), revealing 11 interrelated uncertainties these parents experience. Findings can help providers understand parents' uncertainty and assist in family-centered decision-making.
HANGOVER MODERATES THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PERSONALITY AND DRINKING PROBLEMS

This study investigated hangover as a potential mediator or moderator of the relation between personality and drinking problems. Hangover did not appear to mediate the relation, suggesting that the link between personality and drinking problems does not stem from an indirect effect via hangover. Hangover did appear to moderate the relation. Personality and drinking problems correlated significantly for subjects who reported experiencing severe hangovers, but not for those who reported mild hangovers. Those who experience greater hangover may choose to drink more alcohol in order to relieve these adverse effects, and this choice may vary with personality. The theoretical and conceptual implications of mediators and moderators are also discussed.
Structural properties of chemically synthesized nanostructured Ni and Ni:Ni3C nanocomposites

We have used a reductive technique known to produce highly reactive metals to fabricate nickel and nickel-based nanostructured materials. The strong dependence of the magnetic, chemical, electrical, and optical properties of nanostructured materials are intimately correlated with material structure; thus, thorough knowledge of the effect of synthesis parameters on the structure is critical for the refinement of fabrication techniques. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy are used to determine the effect of the synthetic conditions and subsequent processing on the material structure. Characteristic lengths of these materials range from 3 to 50 nm, depending on synthesis and annealing conditions. Annealing produces a metastable Ni3C phase that forms only in the presence of active carbon, suggesting that not only active nickel but also active carbon results from this process. The addition of P(Ph)3 affects the time and temperature dependence of the nickel crystallite growth, the temperature at which Ni3...
Neighborhood walkable urban form and C-reactive protein.

Background Walkable urban form predicts physical activity and lower body mass index, which lower C-reactive protein (CRP). However, urban form is also related to pollution, noise, social and health behavior, crowding, and other stressors, which may complement or contravene walkability effects.
Billy's World, or Toying with Desire in the Gay 1990s

The world of Billy — the “anatomically-complete” out and proud gay doll briefly popular in the late 1990s — illuminates not only how gay artists toyed with desire during AIDS’s second decade but also the ephemeral erotics of this now distant moment of the recent gay past.
Time-series analysis of industrial accident data

Abstract Freivalds, A. and Johnson, A.B., 1990. Time-series analysis of industrial accident data. Journal of Occupational Accidents , 13: 179–193. Considering the cyclical nature of accident and injury data, it is reasonable to consider the use of time-series analysis for modeling these data. One approach involved fitting a Box-Jenkins, auto-regressive, moving-average model to the data and using the model to forecast future values. A second approach utilized sine or cosine models to fit the cyclical pattern. A comparison of the two models, for a set of injury data in a glass manufacturing facility, indicated a clear superiority of the Box-Jenkins approach; not only for fitting a seasonal cycle, but also for accommodating monthly trends.
THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSERVATIVE SELF FORCES FOR BINARIES UNDERGOING RADIATION DAMPING

We consider the radial, conservative self force for simple systems undergoing gravitational-radiation damping in the extreme mass ratio limit. We argue that the conservative force acting on a pointlike mass in orbit around a black hole may have a measurable effect on the wave forms, via an induced (retrograde) cumulative precession of the periastron. This effect is strongest for high values of the orbital eccentricity. We also show that the nonradiative modes of the field contribute to the total conservative force.
Velocity analysis of mechanisms with ball joints

Abstract A procedure is developed for analyzing velocities in spatial mechanisms with ball joints has been designed for practical computerization. The correspondence between the calculated velocities in a ball joint and the time changes of the physical displacements is clarified. The methodology is demonstrated using the RSPC mechanism which has seen commercial application as a washing-machine agitator mechanism.
ROSS: A Microcomputer Program for Scoring the Ross Test of Higher Cognitive Processes

A computer program is described which generates the eightsubscale scores; analysis, synthesis, and evaluation scores; andtotal scores for the Ross Test of Higher Cognitive Processes. Thisprogram wa...
Mechanisms of the pyrolysis of phenolic resin in a carbon/phenolic composite

Abstract The pyrolysis of carbon/phenolic composites is a critical step in the manufacture of high temperature carbon/carbon components. Understanding the reaction kinetics of the pyrolysis reactions is essential for advancement in the processing of carbon/carbon materials. To increase the understanding of the reaction kinetics, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas product evolution analysis have been used to investigate the pyrolysis reactions of a carbon/phenolic composite system. Published mechanisms for pyrolysis of neat phenolic resin are evaluated to clarify discrepancies that exist between mechanisms and determine their applicability to a composite system. A mechanism for the pyrolysis of carbon/phenolic composites is proposed, which describes the resin pyrolysis reaction as occurring in three major reaction regions: formation of additional crosslinks, breaking of the crosslinks, and stripping of the aromatic rings.
Representation of observable signals in Chebyshev polynomials: application to phase-sensitive detection

An analytic expression is presented for the output of the phase-sensitive detector, a device frequently encountered in the laboratory. Additionally, derivatives of the output are also given, thus aiding the investigator in designing his experiment. Factors that might degrade an observation are noted, such as the blurring of an astronomical object due to atmospheric “seeing”. Reference is given to the use of this formalism to optimize an observation of the solar diameter to minimize the effects of atmospheric seeing. An example is also given that illustrates a further attempt to use this technique to minimize the sensitivity of these observations to solar oscillations.
Causes and management of red eye in pediatric ophthalmology

Red eye is the most common ocular sign encountered in emergency and outpatient settings. Recognition of vision-threatening causes and those requiring referral to an ophthalmologist is of utmost importance. This article reviews causes and management of red eye in children with an emphasis on allergic etiology, pathophysiology, and recent advances in therapy.
Benchmarking Implicit Solvent Folding Simulations of the Amyloid β(10−35) Fragment†

A pathogenetic feature of Alzhemier disease is the aggregation of monomeric β-amyloid proteins (Aβ) to form oligomers. Usually these oligomers of long peptides aggregate on time scales of microseconds or longer, making computational studies using atomistic molecular dynamics models prohibitively expensive and making it essential to develop computational models that are cheaper and at the same time faithful to physical features of the process. We benchmark the ability of our implicit solvent model to describe equilibrium and dynamic properties of monomeric Aβ(10–35) using all-atom Langevin dynamics (LD) simulations since Aβ(10–35) is the only fragment whose monomeric properties have been measured. The accuracy of the implicit solvent model is tested by comparing its predictions with experiment and with those from a new explicit water MD simulation, (performed using CHARMM and the TIP3P water model) which is ~200 times slower than the implicit water simulations. The dependence on force field is investigated by running multiple trajectories for Aβ(10–35) using the CHARMM, OPLS-aal, and GS-AMBER94 force fields, while the convergence to equilibrium is tested for each force field by beginning separate trajectories from the native NMR structure, a completely stretched structure, and from unfolded initial structures. The NMR order parameter S 2 is computed for each trajectory and is compared with experimental data to assess the best choice for treating aggregates of Aβ. The results vary significantly with force field. Explicit and implicit solvent simulations using the CHARMM force fields display excellent agreement with each other and once again support the accuracy of the implicit solvent model. Aβ (10–35) exhibits great flexibility, consistent with experiment data for the monomer in solution, while maintaining a general strand-loop-strand motif with a solvent exposed hydrophobic patch that is believed to be important for aggregation. Finally, equilibration of the peptide structure requires an implicit solvent LD simulation as long as 30 ns.
Crystal structure of 1,6-di­thia­cyclo­deca-cis-3,cis-8-diene (DTCDD)

The title compound, C8H12S2 (trivial name DTCDD), was obtained as a side product of the reaction between cis-1,4-di-chloro-but-2-ene and sodium sulfide. The asymmetric unit consists of one-quarter of the mol-ecule (S site symmetry 2) and the complete mol-ecule has 2/m (C 2h ) point symmetry with the C=C bond in an E conformation. The geometry of the title compound is compared to those of a chloro derivative and a mercury complex.
Exploring the lowest energy triplet potential energy surface for cyclic C4H4 isomers with the complete basis set ab initio method. Is the transformation of triafulvene into cyclobutadiene possible in their excited states

Abstract High level computational studies were performed with the aim being to explore the possibility of converting the experimentally available triafulvene into the hard-to-detect cyclobutadiene. The method is based on the simple approach used to excite triafulvene into the triplet state, and then through various reaction channels, come to the aromatic triplet cyclobutadiene. Triplet cyclobutadiene is only a few kcal/mol higher in energy than singlet cyclobutadiene and should be easily relaxed into the latter. Several reaction pathways that include only a concerted mechanism, as well as reaction pathways that include the radical formation–recombination were also explored. Some possible approaches for experimentally obtaining the singlet or triplet cyclobutadiene were suggested.
Establishing the Argumentative DNA of International Law: A Cubistic View on the Rule of Treaty Interpretation and its Underlying Legal Culture(s)

AbstractThere is an increasing tendency to frame international legal discourse in terms of regional designations. We speak, for example, of European or American approaches or of Latin American international law. This development could seriously impact the perception of international law. The present article attempts to deepen the understanding of what happens when we think about international law and international legal theory in national or regional terms. The article looks at different approaches to treaty interpretation which have been framed as European and American, to see how this impacts on international legal discourse. In a first step, the two approaches at the Vienna Conference on the Law of Treaties will be explained. Secondly, two narratives will be developed to describe what happened in Vienna in turn as European/American or as international legal discourse. The third part reflects on the consequences of framing concepts and theories in this way, with particular reference to the rules of trea...
Case study of an extensive silicic lava: the Bracks Rhyolite, Trans-Pecos Texas

Abstract Field, petrographic, and chemical data indicate that the Bracks Rhyolite of western Trans-Pecos Texas is a single lava flow that traveled as much as 35 km from a source in the north-central part of its outcrop. With a minimum original extent of 1000 km2 and volume of 75 km3, the Bracks is far more extensive and voluminous than typical silicic lavas. The Bracks crops out in a 55 × 16 km north-trending belt. It thins radially from a maximum thickness of about 120 m. However, except at flow margins where it thins abruptly, it is everywhere at least 25 m thick. Clusters of vitrophyric domes that intrude and are otherwise identical to the dominantly crystalline lava may represent diapiric rise of hotter, less dense, lower parts of the flow. Some domes may overlie fissure vents that fed the flow. The source area is in the north-central part of the flow, on the basis of thickness and flow patterns and distribution of vitrophyric domes. The Bracks is a slightly peralkaline low-silica rhyolite or trachydacite (68–69% SiO2). Whole-rock analyses for major oxides and rare earth elements and microprobe analyses of alkali feldspar, Fe-rich clinopyroxene, fayalite, and magnetite phenocrysts show that the Bracks, including vitrophyric domes, is chemically and mineralogically homogeneous, both laterally and vertically. Evidence that the Bracks was emplaced as a lava flow includes autobreccia at the base and top, steep flow fronts, abundant flow bands and folds, elongate vesicles, trachytic texture, and groundmass textures that indicate crystallization from a liquid. Basal breccia that occurs throughout the extent of the flow, is uniformly coarse, and varies in thickness laterally can only form from a lava that flowed over its entire extent. Evidence of a pyroclastic origin, such as shards, pumice, lithics, or welding zonation, is absent. The low aspect ratio of the Bracks (approximately 1 : 500), although in a range typical of many ash-flow tuffs, is considerably higher than that of unequivocal tuffs in Texas, which have comparable outcrop areas but are much thinner. The great extent and sheet-like geometry of the Bracks probably reflects high eruption temperature (≥ 900°C), low volatile content, moderately low viscosity, rapid eruption, and slow cooling. Unusually low viscosity, on the order of basaltic lavas, was not a factor because, despite peralkalinity and high temperature, the Bracks probably had a low volatile content.
Poromechanics analysis of a flow-through permeameter with entrapped air

In a standard flow-through permeameter, a hydrostatic head is applied to one side of a sample and the flux of fluid through the sample is measured. In this paper, we apply poromechanics to calculate the evolution of the pressure distribution and the flux through the sample. We allow for negative capillary pressure in the pores at the start of the experiment (owing to self-desiccation during hydration of cement), as well as entrapped air. The time required to reach steady state flow can increase by an order of magnitude by the presence of 1 vol.% of air in the pore liquid; the delay increases as the applied pressure decreases.
The critical value for some non-attractive long range nearest particle systems

We consider the nearest particle system which gives birth rate γ to each vacant interval, concentrated on the interval's midpoint(s). We prove that a critical value for γ exists and equals one. The proof extends to a large class of nearest particle systems. This paper solves a problem suggested by Liggett (1985). In the following we deal with nearest particle systems {η t :t≦0}. These can be described as particle systems with the following flip rates: $$\begin{gathered} for \eta (x) = 1, c(x,\eta ) = 1 \hfill \\ for \eta (x) = 0, c(x,\eta ) = \lambda \beta (l_x ,r_x ) \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ wherel x for a configuration η is the smallest positive 1 so that η(x-l)=1 andr x is similarly the smallest positiver so that η(x+r)=1. For a survey of the important properties and results see Liggett (1985), Chap. 7. In this paper we will be concerned with the question of survivability of infinite systems. In this paper we say the process survives ifP 1 (η t (0)=1) is bounded away from O (here and throughout the paperP 1() will refer to probabilities starting with η(x)≡1). Our ideas will apply to a wide range of nearest particle systems, but for concreteness we will consider the “midpoint” nearest particle system for which $$\beta (l,r) = \begin{array}{*{20}c} {\lambda for l = r} \\ {{\lambda \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {\lambda 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2} for \left| {l - r} \right| = 1} \\ \end{array} $$ and β(l, r) equals zero in all other cases. For notational simplicity we will assume that we happen to only be dealing with intervals of even length so that the birth rate is always concentrated at a single point in an interval. This tidying assumption will not affect the validity of the proofs. We prove
Gas-phase chemical sensing using electrochemiluminescence

Tris (2,2'-bipyridine) ruthenium (III) (Ru(bpy) 3 3+ ), an electrogenerable, chemiluminescent reagent which is electrochemically reversible, has been demonstrated to be a suitable reagent for the sensitive detection of gas-phase hydrazine, and its derivatives dimethyl hydrazine and monomethyl hydrazine. The electrochemical oxidation of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ to Ru(bpy) 3 3+ creates a strong oxidizer, whose reduction back down to Ru(bpy) 3 2+ by reaction with a reducing analyte is typified by the emission of a photon of light centered at 610 nm. A portable and semiportable instrument which rely upon the chemiluminescent reactivity and reversibility of the Ru(bpy) 3 3+ reagent have been designed and tested. Detection limits for hydrazine and its derivatives have been obtained in the low ppb regime, while response times are on the order of seconds to several minutes, depending upon the analyte being examined. The sensitivities of these devices are strongly pH-dependent due to the effect pH has on both the lifetime of the Ru(bpy) 3 3+ reagent, as well as on the reactivity of the hydrazine derivatives.
JAZing up jasmonate signaling

Recent discoveries show that jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) transcriptional repressors are key regulators of jasmonate hormonal response. Jasmonate promotes interaction between JAZ proteins and the SCF COI1 ubiquitin ligase, leading to JAZ degradation via the 26S proteasome in Arabidopsis thaliana. Elimination of JAZ repressors then frees the MYC2 transcription factor to stimulate jasmonate-dependent gene expression. Although jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate were thought to be key regulators of jasmonate responses, they were ineffective in promoting SCF COI1 –JAZ interaction and it is the isoleucine conjugate of jasmonic acid that acts in this signal transduction pathway. The discovery of JAZ transcriptional regulators greatly advances our understanding of how jasmonate signaling regulates plant growth and response to the environment.
The low-density lipoprotein class A module of the relaxin receptor (leucine-rich repeat containing G-protein coupled receptor 7): its role in signaling and trafficking to the cell membrane.

The relaxin receptor (LGR7, relaxin family peptide receptor 1) is a member of the leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptors subgroup C. This and the LGR8 (relaxin family peptide receptor 2) receptor are unique in having a low-density lipoprotein class A (LDL-A) module at their N termini. This study was designed to show the role of the LDL-A in LGR7 expression and function. Point mutants for the conserved cysteines (Cys47 and Cys53) and for calcium binding asparagine (Asp58), a mutant with deleted LDL-A domain and chimeric LGR7 receptor with LGR8 LDL-A all showed no cAMP response to human relaxins H1 or H2. We have shown that their cell surface delivery was uncompromised. The mutation of the putative N-linked glycosylation site (Asn36) decreased cAMP production and reduced cell surface expression to 37% of the wild-type LGR7. All point mutant, chimeric, and wild-type receptor proteins were expressed as the two forms. The immature or precursor form of the receptor was 80 kDa, whereas the ma...