cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hemobilia in the emergency department

55-year-old man presented with worsening abdominal ain, nausea, and inability to tolerate oral intake for 2 ays. The patient had a liver biopsy 3 days before onset f symptoms for a workup for epigastric discomfort, ausea, “elevated liver enzymes,” jaundice, and weight oss of 15 lbs during the past 8 months. The patient’s past edical history was significant for Hepatitis B. There ere no prior surgeries. His medications consisted of H2 lockers. On physical examination, the vital signs were ormal. There was mild scleral icterus. There was epiastric and right upper quadrant tenderness to palpation, ut no rebound or guarding. The remainder of the physcal examination, including rectal examination, was noral. A bedside ultrasound performed by the Emergency hysician revealed a dilatated gallbladder and mild inrahepatic biliary dilatation. The patient had elevated iver enzymes as follows: AST 540 U/L, ALT 351 U/L, lkaline Phosphatase 787 U/L, Total Bilirubin 2.1 mg/ L, and Direct Bilirubin 1.2 mg/dL. All other laboratory alues were normal. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan with .v. and oral contrast was performed and revealed mild ntrahepatic biliary dilatation, distended gallbladder conaining a high density material that most likely repreented blood, and a blood clot at the distal common bile uct extending into the lumen of the duodenum measurng about 8 mm in size (see Figures 1–3). These findings ere consistent with a diagnosis of hemobilia.
MASSAGE THERAPY OF MODERATE AND LIGHT PRESSURE AND VIBRATOR EFFECTS ON EEG AND HEART RATE

Three types of commonly used massage therapy techniques were assessed in a sample of 36 healthy adults, randomly assigned to: (1) moderate massage, (2) light massage, or (3) vibratory stimulation group (n = 12 per group). Changes in anxiety and stress were assessed, and EEG and EKG were recorded. Anxiety scores decreased for all groups, but the moderate pressure massage group reported the greatest decrease in stress. The moderate massage group also experienced a decrease in heart rate and EEG changes including an increase in delta and a decrease in alpha and beta activity, suggesting a relaxation response. Finally, this group showed increased positive affect, as indicated by a shift toward left frontal EEG activation. The light massage group showed increased arousal, as indicated by decreased delta and increased deta activity and increased heart rate. The vibratory stimulation group also showed increased arousal, as indicated by increased heart rate and increased theta, alpha, and beta activity.
A Computer Software Approach to Teaching Hospitality Financial Accounting

Teaching hospitality financial accounting can be more interesting and more effective if instructors employ computer software applications in their classrooms. This paper illustrates the use of one ...
The mechanism of dysrhythmies in variant angina pectoris: Occlusive versus reperfusion

Abstract Thirty-six patients with variant angins pectoris (VAP) were analyzed to investigate whether the mechanism underlying dysrhythmia is related to coronary occlusion or reperfusion. Fifteen of the 36 patients demonstrated dysrhythmias (42%). Twelve of 15 patients (80%) experienced dysrhythmia prior to the acme of ST-segment elevation (occlusive dysrhythmia), and those of tachyarrhythmia type were characterized by the presence of ventricular premature beats initially isolated, increasing in frequency, and preceding the more malignant forms of dysrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. The occlusive dysrhythmias included ventricular dysrhythmia (ventricular premature beats, ventricular tachycardia, slow ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation) in eight patients and conduction abnormalities (second- and third-degree AV block, left posterior fascicular block) in four patients. Thirteen episodes of VAP were fully recorded electrocardiographically. The average time to onset of dysrhythmia, after the beginning of ST-segment elevation, was 4.94 minutes ± 1.52. The duration of the episodes without dysrhythmia was 0.86 minute ± 0.53. The “reperfusion dysrhythmia” occurred in three patients (20%) and was characterized by the appearance of isolated couplets of ventricular premature beats, ventricular tachycardia, or ventricular fibrillation without prodromal ectopic activity. The dysrhythmia occurred in one patient during the resolution of ST-segment elevation and in two patients within seconds of ST-segment normalization. We conclude that the occlusive related dysrhythmias are the most important mechanism in VAP. They are dependent on the duration of the ischemic episode.
Assessing Opportunities in Food and Fiber Processing and Distribution: Discussion

State and local organizations see "adding value" to raw agricultural commodities as the solution to unemployment in rural areas, financial stress in agriculture, and deterioration of rural infrastructure. Adding value is viewed as a key strategy for economic development. Many assumptions are often made, such as, the location of economic activities is not optimal, markets will expand to absorb added processing capacity, and allocations of raw commodities to finished products are inefficient. These assumptions may have some validity. Agricultural economists can play an important role in identifying those activities which add value and those which reduce value. An analysis with negative results may not be greeted with enthusiasm, but it is just as important as the discovery of a star performer. Most states, communities, and firms cannot afford many mistakes. The paper by Capps, Fuller, and Nichols (CFN) provides a useful framework for assessing value-adding activities. This framework is quite similar to that used in feasibility studies during the 1960s (French, pp. 152-54). For those analyzing value-adding opportunities, it would be useful to review some of the earlier empirical work. I agree with the factors identified by CFN as being most important for determination of regional activities, so my comments will expand on some of their themes. The coefficients of localization proposed by CFN are certainly plausible and may be a useful device for teaching decision makers. However, they are probably too crude for use as decision aids. The coefficients are not independent of the degree of regional aggregation. Decision makers need to understand that something is not wrong if their regional share is below average. Even where there is economic reason to expect a higher share, its attainment may be difficult. Barriers include excess capacity for processing many commodities and reluctance of firms to make new investments if current facilities are economical. Much value is now added offshore, and this means that the scope of analysis cannot be confined to the United States. Continuous space models (French, pp. 154-55) might be used to capture the interrelations among processing economies of size, raw product assembly costs, and finished product distribution costs described by CFN. Such models could be used to determine the
Mitigating Burnout Among High‐NA Employees in Health Care: What Can Organizations Do?

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which factors in the nursing environment have differential effects on burnout levels among nurses high and low in negative affectivity (NA). Specifically, this field study examined the moderating relationships among role ambiguity, role conflict, and collective efficacy on the NA–burnout relationship among nurses in a hospital setting. Findings suggest that perceived role conflict exacerbates while perceptions of collective efficacy reduce specific dimensions of burnout for nurses high in NA. These results offer some evidence regarding which environmental characteristics may mitigate burnout for high-NA nurses.
Simple method for cardioplegia retrieval in patients with chronic renal failure

A case in which a retrograde cardioplegia catheter was inserted into the coronary sinus for retrieval of antegrade cardioplegia in a patient with chronic renal failure is described. Potassium levels were maintained within normal limits throughout the procedure.
Virial equation of state and ideal-gas heat capacities of pentafluoro-dimethyl ether

A virial equation of state is presented for vapor-phase pentafluoro-dimethyl ether (CF3−O−CF2H), a candidate alternative refrigerant known as E125. The equation of state was determined from density measurements performed with a Burnett apparatus and from speed-of-sound measurements performed with an acoustical resonator. The speed-of-sound measurements spanned the ranges 260≤T≤400 K and 0.05≤P≤1.0 MPa. The Burnett measurements covered the ranges 283≤T≤373 K and 0.25≤P≤5.0 MPa. The speed-of-sound and Burnett measurements were first analyzed separately to produce two independent virial equations of state. The equation of state from the acoustical measurements reproduced the experimental sound speeds with a fractional RMS deviation of 0.0013%. The equation of state from the Burnett measurements reproduced the experimental pressures with a fractional RMS deviation of 0.012%. Finally, an equation of state was fit to both the speed-of-sound and the Burnett measurements simultaneously. The resulting equation of state reproduced the measured sound speeds with a fractional RMS deviation of 0.0018% and the measured Burnett densities with a fractional RMS deviation of 0.019%.
Factors influencing the behavior of buried pipelines subjected to earthquake faulting

Abstract Seismic ground faulting is a severe hazard for continuous buried pipelines. Over the years, researchers have attempted to understand pipe behavior, most frequently via numerical modeling and simulation. However, there has been little, if any, physical modeling and tests to verify the numerical modeling approaches and assumptions. This paper presents results of five pairs of centrifuge tests designed to investigate the influence of various factors on the behavior of buried high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipelines subjected to strike-slip faulting. Parameters considered are the soil moisture content, fault offset rate, relative burial depth ( H / D ), and pipe diameter. The centrifuge test results show that pipe behavior, specifically pipe strain, is nominally not affected by the soil moisture content and fault offset rate when the pipe is subjected to strike-slip faulting. On the other hand, the burial depth ratio ( H / D ) and pipe diameter influence peak pipe strain, and in some cases, the ground soil failure pattern.
A Fracture Model Applied to the Ductile/Brittle Regime

The fracture resistance of ferritic steels in the ductile/brittle transition regime is controlled by the competition between ductile tearing and cleavage fracture. Under typical conditions, a crack initiates and grows by ductile tearing but ultimate failure occurs by catastrophic cleavage fracture. In this paper the tearing process is simulated using void-containing cell elements embedded within a conventional elastic-plastic continuum. Weakest link statistics is incorporated into the cell element model and this new model is employed to predict the onset of unstable cleavage fracture. Load-displacement behavior, ductile tearing resistance and transition to cleavage fracture are investigated for three different test geometries. The model predicts trends in ductile/brittle transition that are consistent with experimental data.
Sp1 facilitates DNA double-strand break repair through a nontranscriptional mechanism

Sp1 is a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor that is phosphorylated by ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM) in response to ionizing radiation and H(2)O(2). Here, we show by indirect immunofluorescence that Sp1 phosphorylated on serine 101 (pSp1) localizes to ionizing radiation-induced foci with phosphorylated histone variant γH2Ax and members of the MRN (Mre11, Rad50, and Nbs1) complex. More precise analysis of occupancy of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) shows that Sp1, like Nbs1, resides within 200 bp of DSBs. Using laser microirradiation of cells, we demonstrate that pSp1 is present at DNA DSBs by 7.5 min after induction of damage and remains at the break site for at least 8 h. Depletion of Sp1 inhibits repair of site-specific DNA breaks, and the N-terminal 182-amino-acid peptide, which contains targets of ATM kinase but lacks the zinc finger DNA binding domain, is phosphorylated, localizes to DSBs, and rescues the repair defect resulting from Sp1 depletion. Together, these data demonstrate that Sp1 is rapidly recruited to the region immediately adjacent to sites of DNA DSBs and is required for DSB repair, through a mechanism independent of its sequence-directed transcriptional effects.
An adaptive grid with directional control

An adaptive grid generator for adaptive node movement is here derived by combining a variational formulation of Winslow's (1981) variable-diffusion method with a directional control functional. By applying harmonic-function theory, it becomes possible to define conditions under which there exist unique solutions of the resulting elliptic equations. The results obtained for the grid generator's application to the complex problem posed by the fluid instability-driven magnetic field reconnection demonstrate one-tenth the computational cost of either a Eulerian grid or an adaptive grid without directional control.
Estimating design space available for polyepitopes through consideration of major histocompatibility complex binding motifs

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC ) epitope presentation is needed for robust adaptive immune responses. Core peptide binding motifs for class I and class II MHC are 8-10 amino acids long, containing two or more "anchor" residues. These binding motifs define epitope anchor amino acid content and spacing, and knowledge of them has facilitated emergence of polyepitope vaccines. However, polyepitopes can exhibit "junctional epitopes" (neoepitopes interfering with vaccine function) resulting from juxtaposition of authentic epitopes. We have developed an algorithm for consideration of polyepitope sequence in light of MHC motifs to exhaustively identify all junctional-free polyepitope designs for any given set of authentic epitopes, and in so doing discovered that the number of such variants of any given polyepitope can be astronomically high. Our approach designs polyepitopes of any length, considers multiple MHC class I or class II motifs simultaneously and can be adapted to design variants of existing proteins with pre-selected epitope contents. We have also implemented the algorithm as a computer-based tool (CANVAC II), which we make available to interested parties. The vast diversity of junctional-free polyepitopes suggests that the number of potential T-helper epitope free protein variants may also be large, which may have implications for discovery of bioactive but non-immunogenic therapeutics.
A multi-paradigm modeling framework for energy systems simulation and analysis

Abstract The modern world energy system is highly complex and interconnected and the effects of energy policies may have unintended consequences. Modeling and analysis tools can therefore be crucial to gaining insight into the interactions between system components and formulating policies that will shape the future energy system. We present in this work a multi-paradigm modeling framework that allows for the continual adjustment and refinement of energy system models as the understanding of the system under study increases. This flexible and open framework allows for the consideration of different levels of model aggregation, timescales and geographic considerations within the same model through the use of different modeling formalisms. We also present a case study of the combined California natural gas and electricity systems that illustrates how the framework may be used to account for the significant uncertainty that exists within the system.
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: A Unique Cardiomyopathy With Variable Ventricular Morphology

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is an important differential diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. It is characterized by normal (or near-normal) coronary arteries, regional wall motion abnormalities that extend beyond a single coronary vascular bed, and often, a precipitating stressor. Variants of the classical left ventricular apical ballooning, including mid- or basal left ventricular wall motion abnormalities, are increasingly recognized. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is not rare, and heightened awareness of this unique cardiomyopathy likely will lead to a higher reported incidence. Diagnosis of takotsubo cardiomyopathy has important implications for clinical management at presentation and afterward. The long-term prognosis is generally favorable; however, a small subset has potentially life-threatening complications during the initial presentation. The pathophysiologic mechanism is unknown, but catecholamine excess likely has a central role.
The use of radioactive cysteine methyl ester for labeling glycosylated molecules oxidized by periodate or neuraminidase plus galactose oxidase.

Treatment of rat lymph node cells with periodate or neuraminidase plus galactose oxidase initiates blast transformation and cell division of T lymphocytes. Either treatment introduces aldehyde functions onto glycosylated molecules of the plasma membrane. Reduction of the aldehydes with borohydride leads to a concentration-dependent inhibition of the mitogenic response. Cysteine methyl ester (Cys(Me)), which can form a stable thiazolidine adduct with aldehydes, also inhibits mitogenesis in a concentration-dependent manner. Maximum inhibition is achieved at Cys(Me) concentrations about 10-fold lower than those required for borohydride (0.4 and 5 mm, respectively). [35S]Cys(Me) has been synthesized and compared with [3H]borohydride as a labeling reagent for molecules on the plasma membrane oxidized by periodate or neuraminidase plus galactose oxidase. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of labeled whole cell lysates or of crude membrane fractions prepared from labeled cells revealed that the same oxidized molecules are specifically labeled with both reagents. Homogenates of cells labeled with either radioactive reagent were fractionated by differential and isopycnic centrifugation. The fractions were analyzed for radioactivity and for a number of marker constituents localized in various subcellular organelles. Following treatment with either reagent, the radioactivity that was covalently incorporated into macromolecules was primarily associated with sedimentable components that distributed among the fractions like plasma membrane markers. When compared with [3H]borohydride, Cys(Me) offers several advantages as a surface labeling reagent for glycosylated plasma membrane molecules, chiefly the possibility of preparing reagents labeled with isotopes other than tritium, including those like 35S, which are much stronger radioactive emitters.
Sourcing decisions of project tasks with exponential completion times: Impact on operating profits

Abstract When managing a project, a firm must evaluate multiple strategic factors and operational issues before deciding which tasks to keep in-house and which to outsource. We focus on one operational aspect of this evaluation process by examining the impact of different sourcing decisions of project tasks with exponential completion times on operating profits. As an initial attempt, we present two stylized models that capture two simplest types of projects: (a) a project with two “parallel” tasks that can be performed simultaneously and (b) a project with two “serial” tasks that must be performed sequentially. For each model, we determine the optimal operating profit for the case when the firm outsources zero task, one task, or two tasks. These operating profits can be informative for making sourcing decisions of different project tasks.
Pathway to low-cost metallization of silicon solar cell through understanding of the silicon metal interface and plating chemistry

Abstract Metallization is crucial to silicon solar cell performance. It is the second most expensive process step in the fabrication of a solar cell. In order to reduce the cost of solar cell, the metallization cost has to be cut down by using less metal without compromising the efficiency. Screen-printing has been used in metallizing the commercial solar cell because of the high throughput and low cost at the expense of performance. However, because of the variability in the screen-printed gridlines, the amount of Ag metal used cannot be controlled. More so, the dependence of the contact resistance on doping necessitates the use of low sheet resistance emitters, which exacerbates losses in the blue response and hence the efficiency. To balance the contact resistance and improve blue response, several approaches have been undertaken including, use of Ag pastes incorporating nanoparticle glass frits that will not diffuse excessively into a lightly doped emitter, Ni plating on lightly doped emitter through SiNx dielectric plus NiSi formation followed by Cu and/or Ag plating, light induced plating (LIP) of Ag or Cu on fired through dielectric metal seed layers formed by aerosol or inkjet or screen-printing. All these approaches require excellent adhesion and gridline conductivity to minimize the total series resistance, which impedes the collection of electrons. This paper presents the issues and the pathway to achieving high efficiency using low cost metallization technology involving inkjet-printed Ag fine gridline having 38 μm width and 3 μm height fired through the SiNx followed by Ni and Cu plating. A comprehensive analysis of silicon/metal interface, using high precision microscopy, has shown that the investigated metallization technology is appropriate for the longevity of the device.
Sensitivity and specificity of clinical criteria for hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer associated mutations in MSH2 and MLH1.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS—There are multiple criteria for the clinical diagnosis of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). The value of several of the newer proposed diagnostic criteria in identifying subjects with mutations in HNPCC associated mismatch repair genes has not been evaluated, and the performance of the different criteria have not been formally compared with one another. METHODS—We classified 70 families with suspected hereditary colorectal cancer (excluding familial adenomatous polyposis) by several existing clinical criteria for HNPCC, including the Amsterdam criteria, the Modified Amsterdam criteria, the Amsterdam II criteria, and the Bethesda criteria. The results of analysis of the mismatch repair genes MSH2 and MLH1 by full gene sequencing were available for a proband with colorectal neoplasia in each family. The sensitivity and specificity of each of the clinical criteria for the presence of MSH2 and MLH1 mutations were calculated. RESULTS—Of the 70 families, 28 families fulfilled the Amsterdam criteria, 39 fulfilled the Modified Amsterdam Criteria, 34 fulfilled the Amsterdam II criteria, and 56 fulfilled at least one of the seven Bethesda Guidelines for the identification of HNPCC patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the Amsterdam criteria were 61% (95% CI 43-79) and 67% (95% CI 50-85). The sensitivity of the Modified Amsterdam and Amsterdam II criteria were 72% (95% CI 58-86) and 78% (95% CI 64-92), respectively. Overall, the most sensitive criteria for identifying families with pathogenic mutations were the Bethesda criteria, with a sensitivity of 94% (95% CI 88-100); the specificity of these criteria was 25% (95% CI 14-36). Use of the first three criteria of the Bethesda guidelines only was associated with a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 49% (95% CI 34-64). CONCLUSIONS—The Amsterdam criteria for HNPCC are neither sufficiently sensitive nor specific for use as a sole criterion for determining which families should undergo testing for MSH2 and MLH1 mutations. The Modified Amsterdam and the Amsterdam II criteria increase sensitivity, but still miss many families with mutations. The most sensitive clinical criteria for identifying subjects with pathogenic MSH2 and MLH1 mutations were the Bethesda Guidelines; a streamlined version of the Bethesda Guidelines may be more specific and easier to use in clinical practice. Keywords: hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer; MSH2; MLH1
Antisense Inhibition of the Brain Kallikrein-Kinin System

We used antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) strategy, based on interference of information flow from gene to protein, to determine the role of kininogen and bradykinin B 2 receptor genes in the pathogenesis of genetic hypertension in rats. Mean blood pressure of 9-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) increased 4 hours after acute intracerebroventricular injection of synthetic 18-mer antisense ODNs targeting the translation initiation codon of kininogen mRNA (from 164±5 to 181±4 mm Hg, P 2 receptor mRNA (from 161±5 to 185±8 mm Hg, P 2 receptor mRNAs increased blood pressure of normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats only slightly compared with SHR (from 116±3 to 124±1 and from 116±2 to 126±4 mm Hg, respectively; P 2 receptor mRNA. Microinjection of antisense ODN to B 2 receptor mRNA into the nucleus tractus solitarii increased mean blood pressure in SHR and prevented the vasodepressor effect induced by intranuclear microinjection of bradykinin. No significant change in mean blood pressure was induced in either strain by intravenous injection of antisense ODNs or by central injection of sense or scrambled ODNs. A strong fluorescent signal was detected at the level of the hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus periventricularis, midbrain, and cerebrum 1 hour after central injection of fluorescein isothiocyanate–conjugated antisense ODNs. Kininogen levels were significantly lower in the brain of rats given intracerebroventricular antisense kininogen ODN compared with controls. Our results indicate that the brain kallikrein-kinin system plays a role in the central regulation of blood pressure and suggest that this system may exert a protective action against further elevations of blood pressure levels in SHR.
SU‐GG‐I‐136: Improving SNR by Using Super‐Resolution (SR) Incorporated Image Reconstruction in PET Imaging

Purpose: Two SR Implementations (original and new) have been recently proposed to improve PETimage resolution and SNR (IEEE Med. Img., 2006, 25, p137–147 & J Nucl Med. 2007; 48:411P). These implementations however, are performed retrospectively following image reconstruction. The objective of this abstract is to propose a prospective SR‐Incorporated reconstruction (SRIR) method and compare it to native PETreconstruction (NR). Method and Materials: A 2D digital phantom consisting of 107 counts and containing various spheres (3.6–32mm diameter) was simulated in a PET scanner. The digital phantom was forward‐projected and poissonnoise was added to generate the corresponding sinogram. Four such simulations/sinograms were generated each time by shifting the phantom along X or Y axis by 1.8 mm. These sinograms were then processed using a SRIR algorithm (supporting document) to produce a new (New‐SRIR) and original (Original‐SRIR) SR image. The images were reconstructed in a 46 cm FOV using OSEM (21 subsets, 2 iterations). In addition, a 256*256 NR was also generated from the firstsinogram using the same FOV. The three images (Original‐SRIR, New‐SRIR, NR) were compared using SNR and line profiles drawn across the two smallest spheres. To assess noise content, a 2‐D FFT was also applied to a square ROI drawn in the background of the three images.Results: Line profiles of all images showed similar resolution and contrast. However, the original and new‐SRIR showed on average 17.5 and 10.3% higher SNR compared to NR respectively. The Original‐SRIR had a 6.5% higher SNR versus new‐SRIR. FFT analysis indicated that NR contains more high‐frequency noise compared to the two SRIRs. Noise content in the original‐SRIR was less compared to the new‐SRIR. Conclusion: SRIR processing has similar resolution and contrast but higher SNR compared to NR of PETimages.
Enhanced esterase gene expression and activity in a malathion-resistant strain of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris

Extensive use of insecticides on cotton in the mid-South has prompted resistance development in the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois). A field population of tarnished plant bugs in Mississippi with 11-fold higher resistance to malathion was used to examine how gene regulation conferred resistance to this organophosphate insecticide. In laboratory bioassays, synergism by the esterase inhibitors S,S,S,-tributylphosphorotrithioate (DEF) and triphenylphosphate (TPP) effectively abolished resistance and increased malathion toxicity by more than 80%. Esterase activities were compared in vitro between malathion susceptible and resistant (selected) strains. More than 6-, 3- and 10-fold higher activities were obtained with the resistant strain using alpha-naphthyl acetate, beta-naphthyl acetate, and p-nitrophenyl acetate, respectively. Up to 95% and 89% of the esterase activity in the susceptible and resistant strains, respectively, was inhibited by 1 mM DEF. Inhibition of esterase activity up to 75% and 85% in the susceptible and resistant strains, respectively, was obtained with 0.03 mM TPP. Esterase activities in field populations increased by up to 5.4-fold during the fall season. The increase was synchronized with movement of the insect into cotton where exposure to pesticides occurred. Esterase cDNA was cloned and sequenced from both malathion susceptible and resistant strains. The 1818-nucleotide cDNA contained a 1710-bp open reading frame coding a 570 amino acid protein which was similar to many insect esterases conferring organophosphate resistance. No amino acid substitution was observed between susceptible and resistant strains, indicating that esterase gene mutation was not involved in resistance development in the resistant strain in Mississippi. Further examination of esterase gene expression levels using quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the resistant strain had a 5.1-fold higher level of esterase mRNA than the susceptible strain. The results of this study indicated that up-regulation of the esterase gene appeared to be related to the development of resistance in the tarnished plant bug.
Anisotropic hardening in single crystals and the plasticity of polycrystals

Abstract Based on the dislocation structures developed during plastic deformation, an anisotropic hardening law is developed to describe the latent hardening behavior of slip systems under multislip. This theory incorporates the concept of isotropic hardening, kinematic hardening, and the two-parameter representation; it automatically includes the strength differential between the forward and reversed slips and between the acute and obtuse cross slips. The self-hardening modulus of a slip system is found to be “associated” with the latent hardening law involved, and, based on some experimental evidence, two specific sets of self-hardening modulus are suggested. An important feature of this associated modulus is that the slip system with a soft latent hardening (e.g., the reversed system with a Bauschinge effect) will have an enhanced self-hardening modulus. This newly developed hardening law, together with its associated latent hardening moduli, is then applied to examine the strain-hardening behavior of a polycrystal. Although crystals with a stronger latent hardening will, in general, also lead to a stranger strain-hardening for the polycrystal, the stress-strain behavior of the polycrystal using the kinematic hardening law of single crystals is found to be not necessarily softer than that using the isotropic hardening law. Within the range of experimentally measured latent hardening ratio of slip systems, the anisotropic theory is also used to calculate the motion of yield surface of a polycrystal. The general results, employing four selected types of anisotropic hardening, all show the essential features of experimental observations by Phillips and his co-workers. The application is highlighted with a reasonably successful quantitative modeling of initial and subsequent yield surfaces of an aluminum.
Covalent attachment of immunoglobulins to liposomes via glycosphingolipids

Abstract We describe a method for covalent binding of proteins to large unilamellar liposomes which involves the periodate oxidation of glycosphingolipids in the vesicle membrane. Proteins such as IgG and F(ab′) 2 may then be attached to the aldehyde groups on the glycolipid by Schiff-base formation at pH 9.5 and reduction with NaBH 4 , or by reductive amination with NaBH 3 CN at pH 8.4. Exposure of the vesicles to periodate, protein coupling and separation from unbound protein by a novel method of flotation in discontinuous dextran gradients does not release the vesicle contents when performed at pH 8.4. Studies on the oxidation of neutral glycolipid-containing vesicles, and on the oxidation of encapsulated glycerol 1-phosphate show that periodate influx into neutral vesicles during a 4 h exposure is appreciable at pH 5.5 but not at pH 8.4. Under optimal conditions, approx. 20% of the protein may be coupled to vesicles, and a ratio of 100–200 μg of protein/μmol of lipid is readily achieved. This method will be of great importance for the antibody-mediated targeting of vesicles to cells.
INTERPHONE Study of Brain Tumors in Cell-Phone Users' Heads [Telecommunications Health & Safety

There have been persistent concerns about the possible adverse health effects of cellular mobile telephone radiation. Many scientists working in the field have been awaiting the publication of the final summary INTERPHONE epidemiological study paper, and especially the data on long-term results, to help reach a firm conclusion that there is no or minimal effect on brain-tumor development. Note that brain tumors are known to have a latency of 10 years or longer.
Anatomy and Affinities of Large Archosauromorphs from the Lower Fremouw Formation (Early Triassic) of Antarctica

ABSTRACT The vertebrate assemblage of the lower Fremouw Formation has been studied for nearly 50 years, but many components remain poorly known. We describe a partial presacral vertebra and the distal end of a left humerus collected just above the Permian—Triassic boundary in the Shackleton Glacier region of the central Transantarctic Mountains. Our identification of these specimens as archosauromorphs that represent at least one taxon of large-bodied archosauriform increases the known reptile diversity of the Fremouw Formation considerably, and provides the first definitive evidence for the presence of Archosauriformes in the Early Triassic of Antarctica. These records increase faunal similarities between the lower Fremouw Formation and other Early Triassic assemblages. Although the lower Fremouw assemblage is typically considered a subset of the coeval Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone (LAZ) of South Africa, the discrepancy in inferred body size between the Antarctic specimens and Proterosuchus fergusi, coup...
Magnetoencephalographic Studies of Language Reorganization After Cerebral Insult

Abstract Breier JI, Billingsley-Marshall R, Pataraia E, Castillo EM, Papanicolaou AC. Magnetoencephalographic studies of language reorganization after cerebral insult. We review our experience with the application of magnetoencephalography (MEG) to the study of reorganization of the mechanisms supporting auditory language comprehension. In 3 studies, patient populations with cerebral insult of differing etiology, including epilepsy, surgical resection, and stroke, performed a running recognition task for spoken words while MEG data were collected using a whole-head magnetometer. Increased activation in the right hemisphere after left temporal lobectomy was associated with greater relative activation in that hemisphere preoperatively. Patients with chronic seizure disorder secondary to mesial temporal sclerosis exhibited a tendency toward an interhemispheric shift of language function, and those with epilepsy secondary to neoplasm showed a tendency toward an intrahemispheric shift. Patients with aphasia secondary to unilateral left-hemisphere stroke exhibited a more bilateral and diffuse overall profile of activation within the left hemisphere than control subjects of similar age. Taken together, results provide evidence that reorganization of cortex subserving auditory comprehension can occur well into the fifth and sixth decades and that the nature of the plastic response is dependent on variables such as premorbid language laterality, etiology, and, in specific groups, age at insult.
Some generalizations of the T-method in simultaneous inference☆

Abstract Two extensions of the T-method for multiple comparisons on a set of parameters are discussed, which are easily applied to cases where the allied random variables do not satisfy the usual conditions imposed by the T-method. The two generalized T-procedures are compared with the S and the Bonferroni methods and illustrated by various examples.
Temperature profiles during heated liquid injection

Abstract An analytical model for heated liquid injection into an oil well has been developed. The model couples heat convection and conduction in the well annulus with transient radial heat conduction in the surrounding formations to calculate injected fluid temperature as a function of time and depth. The model is verified by comparison of simulated temperature profiles with field case studies of hot oil injection for paraffin removal. A method is provided for calculation of the maximum depth at which annular injection of heated liquid can be used for paraffin removal.
The Geography of Support for Open-Space Initiatives: A Case Study of New Jersey's 1998 Ballot Measure*

Objectives. By a two to one margin, New Jersey voters in 1998 approved a ballot measure authorizing a 10-year, 1-billion dollar open-space acquisition program. This article’s principal objectives are to investigate and explain the spatial character of that vote. Methods. Our methods consists of regression and principal components analyses; we use municipal-level data to define statewide patterns of voter support and participation in relation to a series of socioeconomic, political, and environmental variables. Results. The analyses yielded two major findings: (1) support for the ballot measure was widespread, but exceptionally strong in the ‘‘wealth belt’’ area of north-central New Jersey, and (2) voter participation, defined as those voting on the measure as a proportion of all who voted, lagged in the core urban areas. Conclusions. Our conclusions point critically to the importance of socioeconomic status, urban residence, and presence of existing open-space regulations—as well as rapid changes in the overall sociopolitical landscape—in explaining voter behavior. In November 1998, New Jersey voters resoundingly approved a ballot measure authorizing 1 billion dollars in funding for a 10-year open-space acquisition program. However, this broadly positive outcome masks a series of complex and interesting issues. In this article, we first describe the nationaland state-level contexts for public support for open-space protection, and then examine the 1998 ballot question, seeking to explain the geography of support through a statistical analysis of key demographic and land-use variables.
2-Deuterated Histidine is a Raman Reporter of Histidine's Protonation State, Hydrogen Bonding, and Metal Coordination

The C-2 proton on the imidazole side chain of the amino acid Histidine (His) can be isotopically exchanged for deuterium under mild reaction conditions, thus creating a unique C-D stretching band that can serve as a site-specific reporter of the environment and role of specific His residues in proteins. This band is a very weak infrared band but is clearly visible in nonresonant Raman spectra. His residues can participate in a number of different interactions unique to the His imidazole ring. Model compound work has shown that the peak frequency and spectral properties of this novel C-D vibrational band is dependent on imidazole protonation state, hydrogen bond donor and acceptor strength, and metal coordination, while salt bridge dependence in the model protein T4 lysozyme is currently being studied. Based on protein work that confirms the model compound protonation dependence, larger and more complex protein systems with multiple, distinct His residues, like superoxide dismutase, are currently targeted to report the environment and interactions of multiple specific His residues within the same protein.
Karl Marx's Paranoid Ideation in the Communist Manifesto:

In the Communist Manifesto, written on behalf of the Communist League and published in 1848, Karl Marx maintained that communism was a Power recognized as such by other European Powers and that these Powers, as represented by the Pope, the Tsar, Austria's statesman Metternich, and France's Guizot, haunted as they were by the spectre of communism, had allied themselves in order to exorcise that spectre. I propose that the view of communism as propounded by Marx during his Brussels exile discloses his paranoid ideation of grandiosity and suspiciousness as conceptualized by W. W. Meissner [1]. In reality, the Communist League was a small group of mostly German emigre artisans and a few intellectuals residing in France, Belgium, and England. Although watched by the Prussian police, the Communist League, along with other revolutionary political groups, was too insignificant a group to concern leading European statesmen who, although fearing a repetition of the horrors of the French Revolution and the rising ti...
Two-particle transfer contributions to elastic and inelastic heavy ion scattering

Abstract The contributions of two-particle transfer to elastic and inelastic scattering of heavy ions are treated simultaneously in the coupled channels framework using microscopic transfer form factors. As an example, the reaction 18 O( 16 O, 16 O) 18 O(g.s. and 2 1 + ) is investigated at three energies near the Coulomb barrier. The interference between scattering and transfer leads to a consistent interpretation of both elastic and inelastic data. Indirect transfer contributions give relatively small, but non-negligible corrections to the direct scattering plus transfer result, removing a previously reported energy dependence of the spectroscopic factor.
An update expert opinion on management and research strategies in Parkinson’s disease psychosis

Introduction: Psychosis, a frequent complication in Parkinson's disease (PD), contributes significantly to morbidity, mortality, nursing-home placement and quality of life. Medication side effects, issues of trial design and negative outcomes have limited clinical advances of new treatments for PD psychosis. Evidence-based medicine maintains clozapine as the most effective antipsychotic in PD without motor worsening, despite risk of agranulocytosis. Safe, effective treatments that improve psychosis without exacerbating parkinsonism are urgently needed. Areas covered: This article reviews the: i) phenomenology of PD psychosis, ii) pharmacological rationale for antipsychotics in PD; iii) clinical trials of antipsychotics in PD; iv) novel research strategies such as neuroimaging, genetics and animal models; and v) associated challenges in studying and treating PD psychosis. Preparation of this review included an extensive literature search using PubMed. Expert opinion: Management of PD psychosis is complex. ...
Specific heating load of an endoreversible Carnot heat Pump

SYNOPSIS An endoreversible Carnot cycle is presented in this paper for a heat pump, where the specific heating load is limited by the power input. The endoreversible Carnot cycle is a modified Carnot cycle where the heat transferred between the heat pump and its surroundings is irreversible. A specific heating load is adopted as the objective function for the performance analysis of the heat pump. The relation between the maximum specific heating load and power input of the heat pump is found.
Evolution and the problem of altruism

Genuine altruism would appear to be incompatible with evolutionary theory. And yet altruistic behavior would seem to occur, at least on occasion. This article first considers a game-theoretical attempt at solving this seeming paradox, before considering a“group selectionist” approach. Neither approach, as they stand, would seem to render genuine, as opposed to reciprocal, altruism compatible with the theory of evolution. The article concludes by offering an alternative game-theoretical solution to the problem of altruism.
Evaluation of cytopathology fellow performance for rapid on-site evaluations of fine-needle aspirates over a 6-year period

Introduction Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) of fine-needle aspirates is an invaluable teaching tool for a cytopathology (CyP) fellowship. The ability of fellows to accurately perform ROSEs without direct attending supervision is not well documented in the literature. This study reviewed ROSEs performed independently by CyP fellows and focused on diagnostic discrepancies with managerial implications. Material and methods All fine-needle aspirates with ROSE documentation performed at the University of Virginia from October 1, 2007 to March 31, 2013 were reviewed and compared with the final diagnosis. Cases were only included if a CyP fellow performed the ROSE. Discrepancy between ROSE and final diagnosis was categorized according to the change. Numbers of false positive (FP) and false negative diagnoses, organ site, and recurrent interpretative pitfalls were noted. Results CyP fellows performed 6815 ROSEs in 6 years. An attending cytopathologist was present 8% of the time. Of ROSEs without direct attending supervision (6224 fine-needle aspirates), the preliminary and final diagnoses were identical in 95% of cases. FP rate was 1.06%. The most frequent categorical change occurred from ROSE of “atypical” to final diagnosis of “malignant.” The most common sites involved in FP diagnoses were pancreas/biliary tract, lung, and lymph node. Experience gained over the fellowship year did not significantly affect the FP rate. Errors encountered are known interpretative challenges. Conclusions This is the largest study addressing discrepancies between ROSE and final diagnosis and the first study examining CyP fellow performance. Our results affirm that fellows perform extremely well when performing ROSEs independently.
On the Institutional Moorings of Talk in Health Care Organizations

By examining the conversations that make up day-to-day organizational life, we can understand and improve organizational processes and outcomes. The value of this communication-constitutive view of organizing is especially apparent in health care. Conversations among managers and providers influence the administration of health care organizations (Iedema, Degeling, Braithwaite, & White, 2003). Conversations among providers within multidisciplinary teams are related to the productivity, cohesiveness, and effectiveness of the teams (Poole & Real, 2003). Conversations among managed care organizations and providers shape how they see the practice of medicine (Barbour & Lammers, 2007). Moreover, conversations among providers and patients can affect even healing itself (Street, Makoul, Arora, & Epstein, 2009). Given the recent struggles of policy makers in the United States to reform the U.S. health care system to balance issues of quality, access, and cost (see a discussion of this trilemma in Conrad & McIntush, 2003), understanding and managing these conversations well has ever-increasing practical relevance. This relevance is especially clear given that any restructuring of health care will certainly have unanticipated consequences for the day-to-day provision and management of care. Understanding and accounting for the institutional moorings of such conversations will help address important and persistent challenges in health care, and communication and management scholars should attend to how individuals use institutional logics to communicate and to adjudicate the effectiveness of communication strategies. It is not surprising how often researchers investigate professional, technical, and knowledge work processes in health care contexts. The prevalence of