cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Modality of Presentation on Delayed Recognition

Auditorily and visually presented lists were either tested or not tested immediately after input and were later tested on a delayed recognition test. For those lists given the immediate free-recall test, auditory presentation was superior on this immediate test. On the delayed recognition test the tested lists led to higher performance than non-tested lists. For tested lists auditory presentation led to superior recognition for the terminal serial positions, while for non-tested lists visual presentation led to higher performance on the last few positions. The fact that modality of presentation had opposite effects on delayed recognition of the lists was discussed in terms of current models of modality effects.
Hepatocyte-restricted constitutive activation of PPARα induces hepatoproliferation but not hepatocarcinogenesis

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is responsible for peroxisome proliferator-induced pleiotropic responses, including the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in rodents. However, it remains to be determined whether activation of PPARα only in hepatocytes is sufficient to induce hepatocellular carcinomas. To address this issue, transgenic mice were generated that target constitutively activated PPARα specifically to hepatocytes. The transgenic mice exhibited various responses that mimic wild-type mice treated with peroxisome proliferators, including significantly decreased serum fatty acids and marked induction of PPARα target genes encoding fatty acid oxidation enzymes, suggesting that the transgene functions in the same manner as peroxisome proliferators to regulate fatty acid metabolism. However, the transgenic mice did not develop hepatocellular carcinomas, even though they exhibited peroxisome proliferation and hepatocyte proliferation, indicating that these events are not sufficient to induce liver cancer. In contrast to the transgenic mice, peroxisome proliferators activate proliferation of hepatic nonparenchymal cells. Thus, activation of hepatic nonparechymal cells and/or associated molecular events is an important step in peroxisome proliferators-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.
The Valuation Relevance of Reversing Deferred Tax Liabilities

This paper compares two attributes of a deferred tax liability (DTL) that arise from differences in book and tax depreciation methods. The first attribute is the effect of the DTL on the market value of the firm. The second is the length of time between when the asset is placed into service and when the DTL associated with that asset begins to reverse. The paper shows that a decrease in the time it takes for the DTL to begin to reverse is neither necessary nor sufficient for the value of the DTL to increase. It also shows that the value of the DTL is not equal to the present value of the future deferred tax expense. The effect of one dollar of DTL on firm value depends only on the tax depreciation rate and the discount rate.
Substrate stiffness regulates cadherin-dependent collective migration through myosin-II contractility

The mechanical microenvironment is known to influence single-cell migration; however, the extent to which mechanical cues affect collective migration of adherent cells is not well understood. We measured the effects of varying substrate compliance on individual cell migratory properties in an epithelial wound-healing assay. Increasing substrate stiffness increased collective cell migration speed, persistence, and directionality as well as the coordination of cell movements. Dynamic analysis revealed that wounding initiated a wave of motion coordination from the wound edge into the sheet. This was accompanied by a front-to-back gradient of myosin-II activation and establishment of cell polarity. The propagation was faster and farther reaching on stiff substrates, indicating that substrate stiffness affects the transmission of directional cues. Manipulation of myosin-II activity and cadherin–catenin complexes revealed that this transmission is mediated by coupling of contractile forces between neighboring cells. Thus, our findings suggest that the mechanical environment integrates in a feedback with cell contractility and cell–cell adhesion to regulate collective migration.
The Evolving Role of Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors in the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes

OBJECTIVE:To briefly discuss the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and to present the clinical data currently available regarding the use of platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors in the management of ACS.DATA SOURCES:Literature on antithrombotic therapy in ACS was identified using a MEDLINE search (January 1988–September 1998), along with the Agency on Health Care Policy and Research guidelines for the management of unstable angina. Abstracts from recent scientific meetings were also reviewed.STUDY SELECTION:Review articles from the cardiology literature (pathophysiology) and randomized, controlled clinical trials of currently approved platelet GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors in ACS were evaluated. Ex vivo platelet aggregation studies and pharmacology literature were also included. Abstract data were included to illustrate specific points when published literature was not available.DATA EXTRACTION:Study data were evaluated based on study design, outcome parameters, and adverse drug reactio...
β‐Hydroxy Esters from Ethyl Acetate and Aldehydes or Ketones: Ethyl 1‐Hydroxycyclohexylacetate

β-Hydroxy Esters from Ethyl Acetate and Aldehydes or Ketones: Ethyl 1-hydroxycyclohexylacetate reactant: 42.2 g. (0.263 mole) of hexamethyldisilazane byproduct: hexamethyldisiloxane product: Ethyl 1-hydroxycyclohexylacetate Keywords: addition, to CO; esterification, of substituted monobasic acids; ethyl lithioacetate; lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide; tetrahydrofuran; butane; bubbler, mercury
Late cardiopulmonary and musculoskeletal exercise performance after repair for total anomalous pulmonary venous connection during infancy.

Objectives We evaluated cardiopulmonary function at rest and during exercise in children after surgical repair for total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Background Long-term assessment of cardiopulmonary function during exercise in children after repair for total anomalous pulmonary venous connection during infancy is limited. Methods Resting lung function and cardiopulmonary function during maximal ramp cycle ergometry were evaluated in 27 patients (age = 11 ± 4 years, 20 were male). Peak oxygen consumption, ventilatory anaerobic threshold, and physical working capacity were compared with normal reference values. Neurologic assessment included neuromuscular function, inattentiveness, and hyperactivity. Patient- and procedure-related variables were assessed for association with peak oxygen consumption, ventilatory anaerobic threshold, and physical working capacity. Results Compared with healthy children, peak oxygen consumption (88% ± 16% of predicted) and ventilatory anaerobic threshold (91% ± 21% of predicted) were mildly reduced. Chronotropic impairment was observed in 7 patients (32%). Patients with impaired resting lung mechanics were more likely to have impairment in peak oxygen consumption ( P P Conclusions Exercise performance is mildly impaired at long-term follow-up after total anomalous pulmonary venous connection repair during infancy. Residual pulmonary abnormalities are common and associated with lower exercise performance. Neurologic abnormalities are evident in a subgroup, but the impact on late exercise performance is inconclusive.
Compositional Profiling of Rapidly Solidified Cellular Structures

Solute partitioning during rapid solidification is being studied in cellular growth structures produced via pulsed-laser melting of binary alloys. This rapid solidification process can generate significant departures from local equilibrium at the liquid-solid interface which directly affects the resultant microsegregation patterns. Calculated compositional profiles are obtained from a solidification model incorporating the effects of both solute trapping and solute buildup with a suitable tip stability criterion. These are compared to experimentally determined campositional profiles generated across the steady-state cellular regrowth region of the melt pool using STEM x-ray microanalysis.
Peripheral CRF activates myenteric neurons in the proximal colon through CRF1 receptor in conscious rats

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) injected peripherally induces clustered spike-burst activity in the proximal colon through CRF(1) receptors in rats. We investigated the effect of intraperitoneal CRF on proximal colon ganglionic myenteric cell activity in conscious rats using Fos immunohistochemistry on the colonic longitudinal muscle/myenteric plexus whole mount preparation. In vehicle-pretreated rats, there were only a few Fos immunoreactive (IR) cells per ganglion (1.2 +/- 0.6). CRF (10 microg/kg ip) induced Fos expression in 19.6 +/- 2.1 cells/ganglion. The CRF(1)/CRF(2) antagonist astressin (33 microg/kg ip) and the selective CRF(1) antagonist CP-154,526 (20 mg/kg sc) prevented intraperitoneal CRF-induced Fos expression in the proximal colon (number of Fos-IR cells/ganglion: 2.7 +/- 1.2 and 1.0 +/- 1.0, respectively), whereas atropine (1 mg/kg sc) had no effect. Double labeling of Fos with protein gene product 9.5 revealed the neuronal identity of activated cells that were encircled by varicose fibers immunoreactive to vesicular acetylcholine transporter. Fos immunoreactivity was mainly present in choline acetyltransferase-IR nerve cell bodies but not in the NADPH-diaphorase-positive cells. These results indicate that peripheral CRF activates myenteric cholinergic neurons in the proximal colon through CRF(1) receptor.
The fine structure and innervation of the cushion veins of the human nasal respiratory mucosa

Cushion veins of the human nasal lining were studied in eight patients of both sexes ranging in age from 11 to 59 years. It was found that the subendothelial cushions were part of the tunica media and consisted of smooth muscle cells, collagen and elastic fibers and occasional fibrocytes. The muscle fibers of the cushion nearest to the endothelium were circular. They extended processes towards the endothelium through gaps in the endothelial basement membrane and formed appositional junctions with the endothelial cells. The rest of the cushion consisted of longitudinal muscle fibers. The sacoplasm of the muscle cells was characterized by large areas filled with vesicles of various sizes. In addition, these cells possessed cytoplasmic processes which were devoid of a basement membrane and which did not show the regular structure of sarcoplasm. The subendothelial cushion possessed a rich, intrinsic nerve supply of adrenergic and cholinergic axons. It is suggested that the cushion veins regulate the drainage of the cavernous tissue and are under nervous and humoral control. The increase in girth of the subendothelial cushion is effected by contraction of the longitudinal muscle cells and probably by uptake of extracellular fluid by means of the specialized cytoplasmic processes. The single layer of circular muscle cells situated between the endothelial lining and the longitudinal musculature, may provide protection to the endothelium against distension when the cushion expands.
Evaluation of crawling policies for a web-repository crawler

We have developed a web-repository crawler that is used for reconstructing websites when backups are unavailable. Our crawler retrieves web resources from the Internet Archive, Google, Yahoo and MSN. We examine the challenges of crawling web repositories, and we discuss strategies for overcoming some of these obstacles. We propose three crawling policies which can be used to reconstruct websites. We evaluate the effectiveness of the policies by reconstructing 24 websites and comparing the results with live versions of the websites. We conclude with our experiences reconstructing lost websites on behalf of others and discuss plans for improving our web-repository crawler.
A Mutant of Sindbis Virus Which Is Able To Replicate in Cells with Reduced CTP Makes a Replicase/Transcriptase with a Decreased Km for CTP

Volume 78, no. 18, p. 9645-9651, 2004. Page 9648, column 1, line 4: “A7523C” should read “G7523U.”
The Use of Medicinal Marijuana for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Review of the Current Literature.

Background: Medicinal marijuana has already been legalized in over 23 states with more considering legalization. Despite the trend toward legalization, to date, there has been no systematic review of the existing literature for the efficacy of medicinal marijuana for many of the conditions for which it is proposed to treat. This study seeks to understand the current literature regarding the use of medicinal marijuana in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Massage Therapy vs. Music Therapy vs. Usual Care in an Inpatient Setting: A Pilot Study

Purpose: To find out whether there is difference of acupuncturemanipulation between two acupuncturistswhen they were stimulating the same acupoint in a same person with the same needling guidance, and analysis stability of acupuncture manipulation of them. Methods:Weused a cross-over design tomeasuremanipulation of acupuncturists and collect data. Two acupuncturists with different acupuncture experience (senior-A, junior-B) would give acupuncture treatment to cancer patients who receiving chemotherapy to control nausea andvomiting. Every patient were treated by A (or B) first and B (or A) second. T heir ordersweredetermined randomly. RN12 (ZhongWan)was selected and acupuncturists used evenmanipulatingmethods (ping bu ping xie) under the same guidance (depth, insertion angle, treatment duration). Eligible data of eight patients with 2-5 times treatment of every session were selected from this clinical trial data collection. Acusensor, a non-invasive optical sensor was used to collect data during the acupuncture treatments. Data of displacement frequency (DF), displacement amplitude (DA), rotation frequency (RF) and rotation amplitude (RA) was collected and compared. Results: 1. We used Paired samples test to find the difference. Mean was calculated to be compared. There were significant differences for DA(senior 6.93±3.25mm, junior 1.62±0.53mm,P<0.005) and RF(senior 0.43±0.07Hz,junior 0.60±0.16Hz,P =0.008). There were no significant differences for DF AND RA. 2. We used one-way ANOVA to measure the stability that grouped by acupoints and treatment days. Acupuncturistswere analyzed respectively. The result showed that there was no significant differences for DF, DA, RF and RA. Conclusion: Different acupuncturists do have manual manipulation differences. From data we can see that senior needling deeper and slower than junior. As for stability, we considered that both senior and junior had a stable acupuncture manipulation. Contact: Congcong Wang, wangcongcong08@sina.cn
Bringing it home: understanding the lives of homeless youth

In this commentary, the author reflects on a special issue that explores how educational institutions serve homeless and highly mobile students as well as their families. The number of homeless youth continues to rise, leading the author to question why structural constraints have not been removed. In addition to reflecting on the articles, he points toward additional research areas that warrant exploration.
Decomposition approach for integrated intermodal logistics network design

The integrated intermodal logistics network design problem consists of determining terminal locations and selecting regular routes and transportation modes for loads. This problem was formulated using a path-based formulation and a decomposition-based search algorithm has been proposed for its solution. Computational results show that this approach is able to obtain optimal solutions for non-trivial problem instances of up to 150 nodes in reasonable computational times. Previous studies have only been able to obtain approximate solutions for network problems of this size. A few general insights about the effects of design parameters on solution characteristics were also obtained.
SP0076 Emerging genetics and molecular aspects of autoinflammatory bone disease

Autoinflammatory disorders of the bone are innate immune system disorders that result in chronic sterile inflammation in the bone. Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is the most common autoinflammatory bone disorder in children and synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome is the most common autoinflammatory bone disease in adults. These disorders are often seen in conjunction with chronic inflammatory disorders of the skin (palmar plantar pustulosis and psoriasis vulgaris) and intestine (Crohn disease) suggesting shared pathophysiology. The genetic basis of several autoinflammatory bone diseases have been discovered by studying single gene disorders that have CRMO as a subphenotype. Mutations in LPIN2 cause Majeed syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder which presents with CRMO, congenital dyserythropoietic anemia and neutrophilic dermatosis. Mutations in pstpip2 cause chronic multifocal osteomyelitis in an autosomal recessive murine model of the disease that is results in a phenotype and histology that is very similar to human CRMO, however, to date no PSTPIP2 mutations have been identified in humans with CRMO. Mutations in IL1RN which encodes the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist have been identified in infants with neonatal onset chronic sterile osteitis, sterile generalized pustulosis associated with systemic inflammation. This syndrome named DIRA (Deficiency of the Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist) unequivocally implicates the IL-1 pathway in the pathogenesis of sterile osteomyelitis. An update of the genetics and pathogenesis of the autoinflammatory syndromes will be presented. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
Olfaction and multiple chemical sensitivity.

In this paper, a description of olfactory anatomy is presented, followed by a brief review of modern procedures for testing olfactory function. Information from the sole study which has quantitativ...
WHEN CITIZEN EXPECTATIONS CONFLICT WITH BUDGETARY REALITY: DISCONTINUITY BETWEEN THE PUBLIC'S DEMAND FOR SERVICES AND ITS WILLINGNESS TO PAY TAXES

The tension between demand for services and willingness to pay for those services, referred to here as tax-demand discontinuity, poses a dilemma for local government that will only intensify with growing fiscal constraints. This research is based on a survey of over 1800 citizens in Orange County, Florida, the county including Orlando, to develop a seven-position classification system to define the nature and extent of tax-demand discontinuity. Citizen demographic characteristics, perceptions of the economy and perceptions of government segmented by tax-demand discontinuity classifications are used to offer guidance to local government about opportunities for improving citizen-government relations.
Peritonitis Caused by Monilia sitophila in a Patient Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis

Fungi have become an increasingly important cause of peritonitis in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The most common cause of fungal peritonitis is Candida. However, i...
Does the 2015 peace accord in Mali reflect the priorities of households and local leaders

Using unique household level data collected in northern Mali in August and September 2015, this paper explores whether the content of the 2015 Peace Accord reflects the concerns and priorities of the citizens, local leaders, and refugees, or whether it is an exclusive agreement between elites who fail to represent the interests of the population at large. The study finds that local leaders’ opinions are appropriate proxies for the citizens they represent, and most (but not all) of the measures stipulated in the Peace Accord align. The greatest divergence between citizen preferences and actions specified in the Peace Accord is the emphasis in the latter on road infrastructure. When different activities are costed, this disconnect becomes very apparent. The bulk of funds (45 percent) are apportioned to infrastructure construction, while the typical respondent prefers job creation; the poorest prefer investments in social services. However, most of infrastructure spending has been earmarked for the medium term. Short-term priorities reflect the preferences of the population in northern Mali much better. It is concluded that although the Peace Accord had all the elements to be an exclusive elite pact, its priorities largely reflect those of the population, granting it much higher probability of success.
Mass Unregulated Population Flows

A third non-governmental GAP influence that is emerging as a major issue of concern is the unregulated and forced flow of refugees and migrants. For a variety of multi-dimensional and inter-related reasons large sections of humanity are currently on the move. In 1951, the year that the UNHCR was first established, there were approximately 1.5 million refugees around the world. By 1975, the figure was 2.4 million, increasing to 8.2 million by 1980. In early 1997, the UNHCR estimated that there were roughly 13.2 million refugees globally, representing an increase of 880 per cent over 44 years. Added to this are the millions of people that are either internally displaced within their own country of origin each year or forced to flee across national boundaries for reasons other than political, racial, ethnic or religious persecution (who are not considered refugees under international law – see note 1).
Group Decision-Making in AHP

Complex problems usually require the participation of many experts. One reason for this situation is that having more than one opinion on a specific topic may be needed.
An Academic Perspective

The academic discipline of medicinal chemistry is discussed from two perspectives. First, the underlying nature of the discipline, its content and teaching and, second, from the broader perspective of university-based graduate education and the changing role of the university. Medicinal chemistry is a chemistry-based discipline that involves multiple aspects of biological sciences. Increasingly, the influence of biology, particularly the paradigms of molecular biology are influencing both the practice and understanding of synthetic organic chemistry and the discipline of medicinal chemistry is assuming a more biological tone. The influence of this change on the ‘tool box’ of technologies that the medicinal chemistry of the twenty-first century will carry is discussed. Changing disciplines offer a particular challenge to universities, organized as they typically are around departmental fiefdoms. The challenge to universities will be how to accommodate the learning necessary to achieve the above skill set within a department-based environment within a university structure that is assuming increasing aspects of a market-based economy.
Regioselective Atomic Rearrangement of Ag-Pt Octahedral Catalysts by Chemical Vapor-Assisted Treatment.

Thermal annealing is a common, and often much-needed, process to optimize the surface structure and composition of bimetallic nanoparticles for high catalytic performance. Such thermal treatment is often carried out either in air or under an inert atmosphere by a trial-and-error approach. Herewith, we present a new chemical vapor-assisted treatment, which can preserve the octahedral morphology of Ag–Pt nanoparticles while modifying the surface into preferred composition arrangements with site-selectivity for high catalytic activity. In situ environmental transmission electron microscope (ETEM) study reveals a relatively homogeneous distribution of Ag and Pt is generated on the surface of Ag–Pt nanoparticles upon exposure to carbon monoxide (CO), whereas Pt atoms preferably segregate to the edge regions when the gas atmosphere is switched to argon. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest stabilization of Pt atoms is energetically favored in the form of mixed surface alloys when CO vapor is pre...
Epidemiology of Pregnancy-Associated ICU Utilization in Texas: 2001 - 2010.

Background: ICU admission is uncommon among obstetric patients. Nevertheless, the epidemiology of ICU utilization is considered to be a useful proxy for study of severe maternal morbidity and near-miss events. However, there is paucity of population-level studies in obstetric patients in the United States. Methods: The Texas Inpatient Public Use Data File and state-based reports were used to identify pregnancy-associated hospitalizations and those involving admission to ICU (n = 158,410) for the years 2001 - 2010. The clinical characteristics, outcomes, and the overall incidence and temporal trends of ICU admission were examined and stratified analyses of pregnancy outcomes were performed in specific categories of pregnancy-associated hospitalizations. In addition, ICU utilization among hospitalizations with maternal complications and organ dysfunction was evaluated. Results: Chronic comorbidities (9.7%) and presence of organ dysfunction (6.2%) were uncommon among ICU admissions, with 26.5% having high severity of illness. The incidence of ICU admission was 39.0 per 1,000 pregnancy-associated hospitalizations-years. Marked variability was found in ICU admission both across pregnancy outcomes (ranging from 0.6 per 1,000 abortions-years to 85.9 per 1,000 stillbirths-years) and categories of pregnancy-associated hospitalizations (ranging from 32.1 per 1,000 delivery hospitalizations-years to 144.8 per 1,000 postpartum hospitalizations-years). The incidence of ICU admission rose 68% among pregnancy-associated hospitalizations and for all examined subgroups, except abortion. Preeclampsia/eclampsia (23.3%) and obstetric hemorrhage (6.9%) were the most common maternal complications among ICU admissions. Four hundred fourteen women (0.3%) died, while 97.6% were discharged home. Conclusions: This study documents the highest incidence of ICU utilization in obstetric patients in the US to date. The findings suggest low threshold for obstetric ICU admissions in the state and do not support comparative use of ICU utilization as surrogate measure for populations’ burden of severe maternal morbidity and near-miss events. Nevertheless, the demonstrated tremendous heterogeneity in ICU utilization across examined subgroups identifies new high-risk groups of obstetric patients that would benefit from heightened clinician vigilance and timely ICU triage and care. Further studies are needed to inform reduction in avoidable variability in ICU utilization to both enhance maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes and to improve resource allocation. J Clin Med Res. 2017;9(2):143-153 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jocmr2854w
“Finding Beauty in Everyday Life”: A Photo‐Elicitation Study of Play Across the Life Span

Play is part of people's lives. Across the life span, play is viewed as central to healthy growth and development, although how individuals play and what play means to them changes with different stages of life. In this qualitative study using photo elicitation, children, college students, and retirees photographed 9 play concepts (connection, creativity, discovery, freedom, fun, growth, inner self, risk, and play as an overarching concept). The thematic analysis showed convergent (each theme within the concepts of discovery, freedom, growth, inner self, and play were represented by all groups) and divergent (within the concepts of connection, creativity, fun, and risk) conceptualizations of play concepts across the life span. Implications for working with all groups are also discussed.
Investigating the Effect of Variations in One-pot Synthesis on the Properties of Hierarchically Porous Cr/C Monoliths

Described is a facile route for the synthesis of 1 wt% chromium supported on hierarchically porous carbon (1Cr/C) using onepot co-gelation sol-gel method. Addition order of the components is varied in three different ways in order to study the effect on the properties of hierarchically porous 1Cr/C monolithic materials. The materials are characterized by nitrogen sorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The results show a three-dimensional network of disordered carbon with chromium nanoparticles of sizes ranging from 20 nm to 0.5 ?m. The carbon structure was retained at the macropore level, but not at the mesoscale where the ordered mesopores were lost on chromium addition. The chromium nanoparticles were observed to grow on the surface of the ligaments as well as in the carbon matrix. A few significant differences were observed in final materials on varying the addition order during the synthesis in terms of pore size distribution, particle size distribution, and graphitic nature of the final carbon, etc.
Percutaneous Coronary Sinus Approach to the Treatment of Mitral Regurgitation

Mitral valve regurgitation (MR) is a common disease involving multiple etiologies. Whereas the structural causes include myxomatous degeneration, rheumatic changes, calcified annulus, infective endocarditis, and chordal rupture, functional MR is primarily the result of incomplete coaptation of normal mitral leaflets as a result of progressive mitral annular dilation, alteration in left ventricular (LV) geometry, and/or papillary muscle dysfunction (1, 2, 3, 4). This secondary MR frequently accompanies acute ischemic or chronic heart failure (5) and triggers a vicious cycle of continuing volume overload, ventricular dilation, progression of annular dilation, and increased LV wall tension, thus further worsening MR and heart failure (6,7). In addition, this functional disorder can eventually lead to loss of systolic sphincteric contraction of mitral annulus and chordae tendinae retraction with fibrosis.
High-Throughput Genetic Screen Reveals that Early Attachment and Biofilm Formation Are Necessary for Full Pyoverdine Production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa .

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a re-emerging, multidrug-resistant, opportunistic pathogen that threatens the lives of immunocompromised patients, patients with cystic fibrosis, and those in critical care units. One of the most important virulence factors in this pathogen is the siderophore pyoverdine. Pyoverdine serves several critical roles during infection. Due to its extremely high affinity for ferric iron, pyoverdine gives the pathogen a significant advantage over the host in their competition for iron. In addition, pyoverdine can regulate the production of multiple bacterial virulence factors and perturb host mitochondrial homeostasis. Inhibition of pyoverdine biosynthesis decreases P. aeruginosa pathogenicity in multiple host models. To better understand the regulation of pyoverdine production, we developed a high-throughput genetic screen that uses the innate fluorescence of pyoverdine to identify genes necessary for its biosynthesis. A substantial number of hits showing severe impairment of pyoverdine production were in genes responsible for early attachment and biofilm formation. In addition to genetic disruption of biofilm, both physical and chemical perturbations also attenuated pyoverdine production. This regulatory relationship between pyoverdine and biofilm is particularly significant in the context of P. aeruginosa multidrug resistance, where the formation of biofilm is a key mechanism preventing access to antimicrobials and the immune system. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the biofilm inhibitor 2-amino-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole effectively attenuates pyoverdine production and rescues Caenorhabditis elegans from P. aeruginosa-mediated pathogenesis. Our findings suggest that targeting biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa infections may have multiple therapeutic benefits and that employing an unbiased, systems biology-based approach may be useful for understanding the regulation of specific virulence factors and identifying novel anti-virulence therapeutics or new applications for existing therapies for P. aeruginosa infections.
The Decriminalization of Sodomy in the United States

State laws prohibiting sodomy were on the books throughout US history until struck down by the US Supreme Court, which argued in Lawrence v Texas (2003) that the state cannot criminalize private sexual conduct.
Selective Antibody Responsive Membrane Electrodes

Demands of sensitivity, speed and accuracy of immunoassay methods in the health care industry have stimulated the interest of scientists in many disciplines. Although there exist well-established assays, alternative methods are still being sought. A considerable advance has been made in Potentiometric immuno-sensors alone. The method described in this chapter is different from straight forward enzyme labeled immuno techniques (e. g., Meyerhoff and Rechnitz, 1979; Boitieux, Desmet and Thomas, 1979; Alexander and Maitra, 1982) where an electrometrically measurable product is liberated by the enzyme label. This class of membrane electrodes respond to specific antibodies through modulation of a background potential fixed by a marker ion. Solsky and Rechnitz (1981) showed that a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) matrix containing DNP-ionophore conjugate responded to anti-DNP antibodies specifically. Keating and Rechnitz (1983, 1984) found that cortisol-ionophore and digoxin-ionophore membrane electrodes are specific to their corresponding antibodies. The term “ionophore” refers to a class of macro-organic molecules which are capable to solubilize specifically an inorganic ion of the suitable size in organic mediums. The ionophore used were benzo-crown ethers and the marker ion was potassium ion.
Can an internet program help mothers lose weight after pregnancy

Gaining weight in pregnancy is important for the health of the mother and child. However, if a mother keeps on extra weight after having a baby, this can be harmful to her long-term health. This study tested whether an internet weight loss program could help mothers lose weight after having a baby. We worked with WIC, which is a program that gives low-income families food and support. Half of the women in the study received regular WIC and half received WIC plus an internet weight loss program. We found that the internet program helped mothers lose 5 more pounds than regular WIC and also helped more mothers get back to the weight that they were before pregnancy. WIC serves half of all US mothers; the internet weight loss program in WIC could help many women get closer to the weight they were before pregnancy and avoid diseases later in life.
Ultrastructure, histology, and histochemistry of an acute myopathy in guinea pigs given cyclopiazonic acid

Guinea pigs were given cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) at 4 mg/kg/day for 3 or 4 days. Guinea pigs were killed 24 hours after receiving the last dose of CPA and muscles were examined by histochemistry, and light and electron microscopy. Degeneration and necrosis with decreasing severity were in gastrocnemius, biceps femoris, vastus lateralis, and diaphragm. The soleus had rare, swollen eosinophilic fibers, but no necrotic fibers. Degenerate fibers had dilated sarcoplasmic reticulum, mild loss of myofilaments and Z-lines, and swollen mitochondria with expanded, more lucent matrices and occasional dense matrix granules. More severely affected myofibers had condensed clumps of myofilament debris, swollen mitochondria with dense granules and disorganized cristae, swollen sarcoplasmic reticulum, and focal loss of plasmalemma. Creatine phosphokinase (CPK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and phosphorus were all increased in serum from guinea pigs given CPA. Amounts of vitamin E and selenium in liver were similar in CPA-treated guinea pigs and controls.
Simulation of Time-Resolved Photoionization Signals

In any scientific field there is a mutual benefit from the combination of theory and experiment in which progress in one discipline stimulates new efforts in the other. Thus, the pioneering theoretical work of Seel and Domcke lead to the birth of ultrafast time-resolved photoionization experiments [1, 2]. Whereas much effort in theory is devoted to such exploratory tracks, this chapter will focus on the simulation of signals obtained from experiments already conducted. While striving for the best possible agreement between theory and experiment the real purpose of such simulations is to aid the interpretation of experimental data, ultimately aiming at a better understanding of the molecular dynamics under investigation.
Are diabetic patients being screened for sleep related breathing disorder

Prevalence of both diabetes mellitus and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is high among general population. Both of these conditions are associated with significant morbidity. OSA affects approximately 25% of men and 9% of women, and its prevalence is even higher among obese, Hispanics, African American and diabetic patients. Diabetes on the other hand besides having high prevalence in general population has even higher prevalence among ethnic populations as Hispanics and African American. Despite the availability of several simple screening tools for OSA, as Berlin questionnaire, STOP-BANG questionnaire, NAMES Criteria, the utility for screening of OSA among the diabetic population remains marginal. This in turn can lead to significant morbidity and complications related to OSA as well as worsening of diabetes mellitus and increase in diabetic complications due to untreated sleep related breathing disorder. It is therefore imperative for the primary care giver to screen for OSA among the diabetic population as a part of their routine evaluation to prevent worsening of diabetes, and its cardiovascular, renal, ophthalmologic and neurological complications.
A High Efficiency Tunable Resonance Pump for Biomedical Applications

Medical devices utilize pumps in several different application domains including medicine dispensing systems, drug and fluid infusion systems, perfusion equipment, and left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). In this paper, we propose a novel pump design for applications where continuous flow at high efficiency is the functional goal, such as in an LVAD.Copyright © 2018 by ASME
QTL mapping of fusarium head blight and correlated agromorphological traits in an elite barley cultivar Rasmusson.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an important fungal disease affecting the yield and quality of barley and other small grains. Developing and deploying resistant barley cultivars is an essential component of an integrated strategy for reducing the adverse effects of FHB. Genetic mapping studies have revealed that resistance to FHB and the accumulation of pathogen-produced mycotoxins are controlled by many quantitative trait loci (QTL) with minor effects and are highly influenced by plant morphological traits and environmental conditions. Some prior studies aimed at mapping FHB resistance have used populations derived from crossing a Swiss landrace Chevron with elite breeding lines/cultivars. Both Chevron and Peatland, a sib-line of Chevron, were used as founders in the University of Minnesota barley breeding program. To understand the native resistance that might be present in the Minnesota breeding materials, a cross of an elite cultivar with a susceptible unadapted genotype is required. Here, a mapping population of 93 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from a cross between a moderately susceptible elite cultivar ‘Rasmusson’ and a highly susceptible Japanese landrace PI 383933. This population was evaluated for FHB severity, deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation and various agromorphological traits. Genotyping of the population was performed with the barley iSelect 9K SNP chip and 1,394 SNPs were used to develop a genetic map. FHB severity and DON accumulation were negatively correlated with plant height (HT) and spike length (SL), and positively correlated with spike density (SD). QTL analysis using composite interval mapping (CIM) identified the largest effect QTL associated with FHB and DON on the centromeric region of chromosome 7H, which was also associated with HT, SL and SD. A minor FHB QTL and a minor DON QTL were detected on chromosome 6H and chromosome 3H, respectively, and the Rasmusson alleles contributed to resistance. The 3H DON QTL likely represents native resistance in elite germplasm as the marker haplotype of Rasmusson at this QTL is distinct from that of Chevron. This study highlights the relationship between FHB resistance/susceptibility and morphological traits and the need for breeders to account for morphology when developing FHB resistant genotypes.
Seasonal Wetness, Soil Organic Carbon, and Fire Influence Soil Hydrological Properties and Water Repellency in a Sagebrush‐Steppe Ecosystem

Prescribed fire is an important tool for rangeland management in sage‐steppe ecosystems, yet the long‐term effects of this practice on soil hydraulic properties are not well known. We explore interactions among site geomorphology, soil organic carbon (SOC) soil N, soil water repellency (SWR), and plant community type on infiltration properties before fire and 8 years thereafter in a semiarid research watershed. The objective was to assess the sustainability of rangeland burning in sage‐steppe ecosystems. Many types of measurements were made in three plant communities to identify how differences in soil hydraulic properties are related to differences in plant cover and soil texture and to determine relationships among SOC, SWR, soil water contact angle, and infiltration properties. Measurements were made on transects in burned and unburned catchments. We found that severity and occurrence of surface SWR were substantially reduced 8 years after a fire within the area originally covered with mountain big sagebrush, where the fire intensity was greatest. Surface SWR was lowest in the sparsely vegetated low sagebrush, where SOC was also lowest. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (Kh) increased in each vegetation type over the 8‐year period after burning and was not directly related to SWR. Spatial variability in Kh was primarily controlled by soil texture, whereas differences in sorptivity (S) were controlled by SWR and aridity. SOC is not well correlated to soil surface SWR. The decadal scale changes in Kh and associations between S and site characteristics indicate forms of resilience to fire across a moisture gradient.
Erythrocyte n-6 Fatty Acids and Risk for Cardiovascular Outcomes and Total Mortality in the Framingham Heart Study

Background: The prognostic value of erythrocyte levels of n-6 fatty acids (FAs) for total mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes remains an open question. Methods: We examined cardiovascular (CV) outcomes and death in 2500 individuals in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort without prevalent CVD (mean age 66 years, 57% women) as a function of baseline levels of different length n-6 FAs (18 carbon, 20 carbon, and 22 carbon) in the erythrocyte membranes. Clinical outcomes were monitored for up to 9.5 years (median follow up, 7.26 years). Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for a variety of demographic characteristics, clinical status, and red blood cell (RBC) n-6 and long chain n-3 FA content. Results: There were 245 CV events, 119 coronary heart disease (CHD) events, 105 ischemic strokes, 58 CVD deaths, and 350 deaths from all causes. Few associations between either mortality or CVD outcomes were observed for n-6 FAs, with those that were observed becoming non-significant after adjusting for n-3 FA levels. Conclusions: Higher circulating levels of marine n-3 FA levels are associated with reduced risk for incident CVD and ischemic stroke and for death from CHD and all-causes; however, in the same sample little evidence exists for association with n-6 FAs. Further work is needed to identify a full profile of FAs associated with cardiovascular risk and mortality.
Fans and Identity

This paper develops an understanding of the nature of sport fans that helps rebut the charge of nihilism leveled against identity anti-essentialism as represented in the work of Butler, Appiah, and...
Current management of regional lymph nodes in patients with melanoma

The publication of recent randomized trials has prompted a significant shift in both our understanding and the management of patients with melanoma. Here, the current management of the regional lymph nodes in patients with melanoma is discussed. This review focuses on selection for sentinel lymph node biopsy, management of the positive sentinel node, management of the clinically positive node, and the controversy over the therapeutic value of early nodal intervention.
Power Flow Consideration of Impedance Correction for Phase Shifting Transformers

In high voltage electric grids, phase shifting transformers (PSTs) are devices in which the phase shift across the device can be varied to control the flow of real power. A consequence of this phase variation is that PST’s series impedance often varies with the phase shift, sometimes substantially. In power system analysis applications this variation is often modeled using a piecewise-linear impedance correction table. This paper analyzes the influence of incorporating impedance correction tables on a power flow solution. The presented method is implemented in two different test systems. A two-bus test system shows various transformer correction tables can make different power flow solutions. A 37-bus test system demonstrates the influence of the impedance correction table on both normal operating condition and contingency scenarios. The results reveal that impedance correction tables have impacts on power flow solutions and may help alleviate the overloaded lines following a contingency.
Elhamma Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) revisited: adult morphology, assessment of recently proposed synonyms and descriptions of two species.

I revise the Australian-New Guinean ghost moth genus Elhamma . Two recent synonymies are assessed, and two new species from New Guinea, E. grehani sp. nov. and E. viettei sp. nov. are described. I provide an updated diagnosis for the genus and conclude that the presence of only 2 M-veins in the hind wing in both sexes (when females are known) and a strongly cup-shape juxta in the male genitalia are unique diagnostic characters among Hepialidae. I give a detailed description of the adult morphology based on male E. australasiae , and provide a key to all known species based on adult male characters.
A critical comparative ethnographic study of courtesy stigma in two leprosy-impacted communities in Indonesia

Leprosy stigma is more neglected than the disease itself since global interventions towards leprosy are focused on the medicalisation of individual-sufferers and statistical counting of documented cases and less prioritising the impact of leprosy stigma towards society. This paper examines the impact of courtesy stigma on society through comparative ethnographic method conducted in two sites in East Java Province, Indonesia. Investigation in the first site, Mandangin Island, found that the island suffers underdevelopment of public facilities such as clinics and clean water and migration and medical knowledge bottlenecks. In the second site, Sumberglagah village, leprosy patients and the community they live with are also socially separated from the locals and they are engaged in controversial businesses exploiting the public fear of leprosy. This study finds that leprosy stigma in two leprosy-impacted communities in East Java, Indonesia, does not only isolate individuals but also a whole community from a bigger society regardless of whether all of the community members have leprosy. This study also detects problems related to leprosy education within the two impacted communities. It is suggested that efforts to address the problems require holistic approaches and commitments from various actors in the area in complement to existing global health missions.