cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of foot strike on running economy in distance runners: a narrative review

Background: Successful distance runners usually demonstrate efficient running economy. Running economy is comprised of many variables, including foot-strike pattern. It is unknown if foot strike pattern has any effect on running economy.Objective: The purpose of this narrative review is to examine recent evidence on the effect of foot strike on running economy in distance runners.Methods: This narrative review indexed the following databases: Medline, CINAHL, SportsDiscus, and PubMed. Articles were included if the study examined correlations or relationships between foot strike pattern and running economy.Results: Five articles satisfied the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. Results examining the effect of foot strike on running economy were varied. Two studies demonstrated a significant effect of foot strike on running economy: One study found that midfoot and forefoot strikers were found to have better running economy compared to rear foot strikers (p = 0.019). Another study showed ...
Gas chromatographic determination of capsaicinoids in green Capsicum fruits

Mode operatoire d'une methode de dosage de la capsaicine et des composes analogues dans des piments doux (poivrons) ou piquants
The Boomerang Effect A Synthesis of Findings and a Preliminary Theoretical Framework

Communicative messages are often constructed strategically. In many cases, the creators of such messages strive to curtail specific anti-social or unhealthy attitudes and behaviors held by the target audience. However, these messages are not always successful in achieving the intended effect. Messages with a specific intent can backfire and cause an increase in the unhealthy or anti-social attitude or behavior targeted for change. We present a review of findings that have resulted in boomerang effects, broadly defined. An analysis of theoretical mechanisms for the effect eventuates in the proposal of two distinct paths to the boomerang. One path predicts that message receivers will process harmful elements in a message at the expense of those that were intended. The other path predicts that receivers will process the message as intended, but then resist complying with it. Finally, we offer a preliminary theoretical framework of boomerang effects.
The hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum intestinal transcriptome provides a platform for selecting drug and vaccine candidates

The intestine of hookworms contains enzymes and proteins involved in the blood-feeding process of the parasite and is therefore a promising source of possible vaccine antigens. One such antigen, the hemoglobin-digesting intestinal aspartic protease known as Na-APR-1 from the human hookworm Necator americanus, is currently a lead candidate antigen in clinical trials, as is Na-GST-1 a heme-detoxifying glutathione S-transferase. In order to discover additional hookworm vaccine antigens, messenger RNA was obtained from the intestine of male hookworms, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, maintained in hamsters. RNA-seq was performed using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. The genes expressed in the hookworm intestine were compared with those expressed in the whole worm and those genes overexpressed in the parasite intestine transcriptome were further analyzed. Among the lead transcripts identified were genes encoding for proteolytic enzymes including an A. ceylanicum APR-1, but the most common proteases were cysteine-, serine-, and metallo-proteases. Also in abundance were specific transporters of key breakdown metabolites, including amino acids, glucose, lipids, ions and water; detoxifying and heme-binding glutathione S-transferases; a family of cysteine-rich/antigen 5/pathogenesis-related 1 proteins (CAP) previously found in high abundance in parasitic nematodes; C-type lectins; and heat shock proteins. These candidates will be ranked for downstream antigen target selection based on key criteria including abundance, uniqueness in the parasite versus the vertebrate host, as well as solubility and yield of expression. The intestinal transcriptome of A. ceylanicum provides useful information for the identification of proteins involved in the blood-feeding process, representing a first step towards a reverse vaccinology approach to a human hookworm vaccine.
A hard-to-compress interactive task?

Whether the information complexity of any interactive problem is close to its communication complexity is an important open problem. In this note we give an example of a sampling problem whose information and communication complexity we conjecture to be as much as exponentially far apart.
Disorders characterized by predominant or exclusive dermal inflammation

Some cutaneous inflammatory disorders are typified by a predominant or exclusive localization in the dermis. They can be further subdivided by the principal cell types into lymphocytic, neutrophilic, and eosinophilic infiltrates, and mixtures of them are also seen in a proportion of cases. This review considers such conditions. Included among the lymphoid lesions are viral exanthems, pigmented purpuras, gyrate erythemas, polymorphous light eruption, lupus tumidus, and cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia. Neutrophilic infiltrates are represented by infections, Sweet syndrome, pyoderma gangrenosum, and hidradenitis suppurativa, as well as a group of so-called "autoinflammatory" dermatitides comprising polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Eosinophil-dominated lesions include arthropod bite reactions, cutaneous parasitic infestations, the urticarial phase of bullous pemphigoid, Wells syndrome (eosinophilic cellulitis), hypereosinophilic syndrome, and Churg-Strauss disease. In other conditions, eosinophils are admixed with neutrophils in the corium, with or without small-vessel vasculitis. Exemplary disorders with those patterns include drug eruptions, chronic idiopathic urticaria, urticarial vasculitis, granuloma faciale, and Schnitzler syndrome (chronic urticarial with a monoclonal gammopathy).
Encoded physics knowledge in checking codes for nuclear cross section libraries at Los Alamos

Checking procedures for processed nuclear data at Los Alamos are described. Both continuous energy and multi-group nuclear data are verified by locally developed checking codes which use basic physics knowledge and common-sense rules. A list of nuclear data problems which have been identified with help of these checking codes is also given.
Gender difference in vulnerability and geriatric syndromes among elderly cancer survivors.

9091 Background: Few studies have evaluated the gender difference of vulnerability and geriatric syndromes (GS) among cancer survivors. Methods: Using 2003 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, we applied multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the association of gender with vulnerability and GS among cancer survivors. Vulnerability is measured by Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 (VES-13), which is calculated from age, self-rated health status, difficulty with physical activities and functional activities. Vulnerability is defined by a VES-13 score of 3 or higher. 8 common geriatric syndromes were assessed: sight trouble, hearing trouble, nutrition problem, incontinence, falls, depression, memory loss and osteoporosis. Cancer survivors are defined as patients with cancer diagnosed more than one year ago. Results: Among the 1,883 cancer survivors, 749 (40.0%) were male; 1,134 (60.0%) were female. Female survivors had a higher prevalence of vulnerability (47.8% vs 35.7%), and GS (65.5% vs 44.6%) than male s...
Experimental Survey of Wetting and Superfluid Onset of 4He on Alkali Metal Surfaces

We present a survey of the wetting behavior of 4 He on evaporated films of rubidium, potassium and sodium. 4 He wets these surfaces at all temperatures. Off coexistence on rubidium and potassium there is a prewetting transition that is closely coupled with superfluid onset and possibly a surface tricritical point where the prewetting transition and superfluid onset intersect. Sodium has a prewetting critical temperature well below 1 K. Wetting and superfluid onset phase diagrams for 4 He on rubidium and potassium are presented and compared with that of 4 He on cesium.
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) for a Neonate

This chapter presents the case of a premature (31-week gestation) infant whose birth weight was 1.4 kg and who did well for the first 49 days of life. On day of life 50, the infant developed signs of sepsis and was found to have intestinal volvulus with perforation that quickly progressed to multiple organ failure, including acute kidney injury (AKI) with fluid overload. The chapter reviews the current diagnostic criteria for neonatal AKI while addressing the decision to launch renal replacement therapy. The choice of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) as the RRT modality of choice for this infant is examined, followed by an in-depth discussion of the major technical issues encountered when providing CRRT for any neonate, including vascular access, blood vs. saline circuit prime, and anticoagulation modality. The details of the CRRT prescription chosen for this infant are reviewed. The chapter concludes with a summary of the infant’s course on CRRT and a series of clinical pearls illustrated by the case.
Kinetics of the reaction O + HO2 yields OH + O2 from 229 to 372 K

The discharge-flow resonance fluorescence technique has been used to obtain absolute rate data for the O + HO2 reaction from 229 to 372 K at a total pressure of 1 torr. Pseudo-first-order conditions were used with HO2 concentrations in large excess over initial atomic oxygen in order to minimize interference from secondary reactions. The results are independent of the method used to generate HO2 and atomic oxygen. At 299 K, the result is (6.1 + or - 0.4) x 10 to the -11th cu cm/molecule s. The temperature dependence expressed in Arrhenius form is (3.1 + or - 0.3) x 10 to the -11th exp/(+200 + or - 28)/T/. The error limits given are twice the standard deviation; overall experimental error is estimated to be + or - 25%.
Examining differential treatment of single mothers and people with disabilities in the apartment rental market

Abstract This paper attempts to improve our understanding of rental market experiences of single mothers and people with disabilities. Inquiry emails randomly assigned a signal of disability receive 12.5% fewer responses than control emails, and those signaling single-motherhood receive 14.3% fewer.
Case 101: A Monitor Is Just a Machine

Many years ago I anesthetized a frail 54-year-old man (68 kg, 5′4″ ASA 4E) for an above-knee amputation for gangrene of his leg. He was a type 1 diabetic with coronary artery disease, poor exercise tolerance, hypertension, and ketoacidosis. The only monitor at the time was a Hewlett-Packard ECG machine. A routine rapid sequence anesthetic induction ensued and the airway is secured with an ETT. The operation started and the patient’s vital signs were within normal limits. Twenty minutes into the case, excess blood loss occurred and the ECG went to a flat line. I called a code. There were no pulses and CPR was started immediately with the help of the surgeon. While I was busy with the resuscitation, an anesthetic colleague brought to my attention that the ECG was now working and showed a sinus rhythm (SR) 72 bpm. He congratulated me on a job well done. But unfortunately there was no pulse or BP to be obtained from the patient. CPR was continued, but the patient was declared dead 30 min later. The ECG machine was still attached to the patient and still reading 72 bpm SR.
Tissue accumulation patterns and concentrations of potassium, phosphorus, and carboxyfluorescein translocated from pine seed to the root

Potassium (K), phosphorous (P), and carboxyfluorescein (CF) accumulate in functionally distinct tissues within the pine seedling root cortex. Seedlings of Pinus pinea translocate exogenous CF and endogenous K and P from the female gametophyte/cotyledons to the growing radicle. Following unloading in the root tip, these materials accumulate in characteristic spatial patterns. Transverse sections of root tips show high levels of P in a circular ring of several layers of inner cortical cells. K and CF are minimal in the high P tissue. In contrast, high levels of K and CF accumulate in outer cortical cells, and in the vascular cylinder. These patterns are a property of living tissue because they change after freeze–thaw treatment, which kills the cells and results in uniform distribution of K and P. K concentration can be reduced to undetectable levels by incubation of roots in 100 mM NaCl. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) of root segments both reliably determine K and P concentrations.
Biblical Inerrancy and Depressive Symptoms

A number of investigators have studied biblical inerrancy (i.e., the belief that the Bible is inspired by God, free from error, and should be interpreted literally). However, there has been little research on the relationship between biblical inerrancy and mental health outcomes. The purpose of this study is to address this gap in the literature. This is accomplished by estimating a latent variable model that was designed to empirically evaluate the following relationships: (1) Blacks, people with less education, and conservative Christians are more likely to have a strong belief in biblical inerrancy; (2) people with a strong belief in biblical inerrancy are more likely to experience demonic spiritual struggles when they are faced with stressful events; (3) individuals who experience demonic spiritual struggles are more likely to feel that the sacred aspects of their lives have been threatened; and (4) greater sacred loss is associated with more depressive symptoms. Data from a recent nationwide survey (N = 2332) provide support for each of these relationships.
The imaginary companion. Its significance for ego development and conflict solution.

(1969). The Imaginary Companion. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child: Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 165-196.
Drug Transport Into Milk

The advantages of breast-feeding for both mother (maternal-infant bonding, cost savings, reduced risk of premenopausal breast cancer, etc.) and for the infant (bactericidal effects of lysozyme, presence of immunoglobulins, more readily digested, decrease in food allergy, lower incidence of obesity and morbidity, etc.) are compelling and ensure the favorable view of this form of infant nutrition. These benefits of human milk have prompted an increasing number of health care workers to encourage mothers to breast-feed. Often these nursing mothers are also taking medications and raise this issue as a concern. Most medications pose little serious risk to the infant; however, this concern cannot always be addressed with certainty since the extent of passage into milk has not been studied for most drugs. Moreover, their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic fate in the very young have not been examined.
Failure and Mortality from Wear and Ageing. The Teissier Model

The paper discusses the use of survival and reliability models in biometrics and failure theory for items subject to ageing and wear, and stresses the importance of the concepts of life potential and life expectancy in model characterization and model building. It presents a new interpretation of the failure rate that shows the importance of life expectancy as a characteristic of ageing and suggests a classification of survival and reliability models on the basis of the life potential failure rate. The expectancy of life is given an economic interpretation and an interpretation in terms of survival of life units within a surviving item. A relationship between ageing and the life unit hazard rate, that throws light on the somewhat elusive concept of “mortality by senescense” (Teissier), is explored. The Teissier model and related models are derived on the basis of life expectancy characterization. It is shown that the Teissier model is conceptually of fundamental importance, on the basis of both hypotheses on life units survival and of economic considerations. Also, the model is a natural and basic generalization of the negative exponential model. Tables are provided for the demographic functions characterizing the Teissier model, for the expected values of the order statistics, and for the BLUES of the parameters based on order statistics. The efficiency of the latter is discussed in comparison with that of quick estimators.
Are agricultural markets more developed around cities? Testing for urban heterogeneity in separability in Tanzania

Abstract A key question for policymakers concerned about feeding Sub-Saharan Africa’s (SSA) rapidly growing cities is whether or not nearby farms benefit from improved agricultural markets. Evidence from case studies and agricultural location theory suggest so, but urban heterogeneity has not yet been found in a common economic test of functioning agricultural markets—the separability result. The test is based on a key insight of the agricultural household model, which finds that a farm’s profit should be maximized independently from household utility given perfect factor markets (i.e., separability), but not so if the household faces at least two market failures (i.e., non-separability). In this paper, I test for geographic heterogeneity in separability between rural, peri-urban, and urban districts using 2014-15 data from the World Bank’s Living Standards Measurement Study and Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) from Tanzania. I find strong evidence that the correlation between pre-harvest labor demand and household size implying non-separability in rural areas is significantly weaker in three of Tanzania’s five largest cities: Dar es Salaam, Arusha, and Mbeya. Given certain assumptions, this can be interpreted as evidence of increased agricultural market functionality around these cities relative to rural areas. Overall, these results contribute to the debate on how to achieve urban food security in SSA and give some validity to agricultural location theory and the separability test as tools to help policymakers characterize the nature of agricultural factor markets.
Covalent-Organic Frameworks Composed of Rhenium Bipyridine and Metal Porphyrins: Designing Heterobimetallic Frameworks with Two Distinct Metal Sites

The incorporation of homogeneous catalysts for CO2 reduction into extended frameworks has been a successful strategy for increasing catalyst lifetime and activity, but the effects of the linkers on catalysis are underexplored. In this work, a novel rhenium bipyridine complex was synthesized for the purpose of designing a covalent-organic framework (COF) with both metalloporphyrin and metal bipyridine moieties. Investigation of the rhenium complex as a homogeneous catalyst shows a faradaic efficiency of 81(8)% for the electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to CO upon the addition of methanol as the proton source. Treatment of the rhenium complex with tetra(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin under Schiff base conditions produces the desired COF, as indicated by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) studies. Metalation of the porphyrins was accomplished through postsynthetic modification with CoCl2 and FeCl3 metal precursors. The retention of the PXRD peaks and appearance of new Co and Fe peaks in the corresponding X-ray photoel...
The Phylogeny of the Diploporita: A Polyphyletic Assemblage of Blastozoan Echinoderms

The phylogenetic relationships of Paleozoic blastozoan echinoderms are poorly understood and many of the traditionally ascribed groups are likely polyphyletic. Diploporitans, those blastozoans with double pore (diplopore) respiratory structures, have never been placed within a rigorous phylogenetic framework, and their highly variable morphologies suggest that they do not represent a natural clade. A maximum parsimony phylogenetic analysis, spanning a wide range of diploporitan and related taxa, indicates that diplopore-bearing blastozoans are a polyphyletic grouping and, consequently, that diplopore respiratory structures have evolved more than once within the echinoderms. Constraint analyses indicate that a single diplopore-bearing clade bearing the traditionally defined Glyptosphaeritida, Sphaeronitida, Asteroblastida is less parsimonious than multiple diplopore-bearing clades inferred by the unconstrained analysis.
Development of comprehensive deflection parameters to evaluate the structural capacity of flexible pavements at the network level

Pavement deflection has been used widely as a nondestructive technique to evaluate the structural capacity of pavements at both network and project levels. Current devices include Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) and the Deflectograph, which can record the deflection bowl shape. Utilizing these devices, a load is applied on the pavement surface and deflections at several lateral locations are recorded. Various transportation agencies use several evaluation methods to evaluate the integrity of the pavement layers. Most of these up-to-date developed indices are exclusively based on either central deflections or one deflection point along FWD deflection bowl. However, no standardized method is available that utilizes the full FWD deflection bowl. This study aims to introduce new comprehensive pavement layer deflection and deflection bowl area parameters that are based on the entire FWD deflection bowl rather than one single deflection point and to relate the developed parameters to the field measured distress data. Required data for the study were extracted from the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) database. Thirty-five different pavement sections in the State of Texas were utilized in the study. Four comprehensive deflection parameters were developed. In addition, a scale was developed that may be utilized for the overall pavement structural condition evaluation. The developed parameters as well as the scale were found to be well correlated to field performance of considered pavement sections. The newly developed parameters can also be easily implemented in pavement management databases (PMS) that would help state department of transportation (DOTs) in making more informed decisions about the most suitable maintenance strategy.
Survival After a Transcranial Bihemispheric Stabbing with a Knife: Case Report and Literature Review.

Low-velocity penetrating brain injuries (PBIs), also referred to as nonmissile brain injuries, typically result from stabbings, industrial or home accidents, or suicide attempts. A great deal of literature has focused on the injury patterns and management strategies of high-velocity PBIs. However, there are substantially fewer large, contemporary studies focused solely on low-velocity PBIs. Here, we present an interesting and uncommon case of a patient who suffered a bihemispheric stab wound involving the basal ganglia. A 22-year-old man presented to the hospital with a stab wound to the left calvarium. His initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was 13, but he rapidly declined to a six and was intubated. He was emergently taken to the operating room for craniectomy, knife removal, and external ventricular drain placement. On the first postoperative day, the patient was following commands with all extremities. He was discharged to a rehabilitation facility 13 days postinjury. One year after the injury, the patient was free of major neurologic sequelae. This report illustrates a rare case of a good functional outcome after a transcranial stabbing with multiple imaging and exam findings usually associated with poor outcomes.
AL Amyloidosis for the Cardiologist and Oncologist: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management

AL amyloidosis results from clonal production of immunoglobulin light chains, most commonly arising from a clonal plasma cell disorder. Once considered a nearly uniformly fatal disease, prognosis has improved markedly over the past 15 years, predominantly because of advances in light chain suppressive therapies. Cardiac deposition of amyloid fibrils is common, and the severity of cardiac involvement remains the primary driver of prognosis. Improvements in chemotherapy/immunotherapy have prompted a reassessment of the role of advanced cardiac therapies previously considered contraindicated in most patients, including the role of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and cardiac transplantation. This state-of-the-art review highlights the current state of the field, including diagnosis, prognosis, and hematologic- and cardiac-specific therapies.
Order–disorder phase transition in black hole star clusters – II. A scale-free cluster

The supermassive black holes found at the centers of galaxies are often surrounded by dense star clusters. The ages of these clusters are generally longer than the resonant-relaxation time and shorter than the two-body relaxation time over a wide range of radii. We explore the thermodynamic equilibria of such clusters using a simple self-similar model. We find that the cluster exhibits a phase transition between a high-temperature spherical equilibrium and a low-temperature equilibrium in which the stars are on high-eccentricity orbits with nearly the same orientation. In the absence of relativistic precession, the spherical equilibrium is metastable below the critical temperature and the phase transition is first-order. When relativistic effects are important, the spherical equilibrium is linearly unstable below the critical temperature and the phase transition is continuous. A similar phase transition has recently been found in a model cluster composed of stars with a single semimajor axis. The presence of the same phenomenon in two quite different cluster models suggests that lopsided equilibria may form naturally in a wide variety of black-hole star clusters.
The Libraries of the Los Alamos National Laboratory

The fourth-largest library collection in the state of New Mexico is that of the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Occupied in April 1977, the solar heated and cooled facility which houses the Laboratory's Main and Report Libraries is rapidly filling with one of the most complete science collections in the mountain west. Features of the facility are described.
Short- to Midterm Follow-up of Cemented Total Ankle Replacement Using the INBONE II: A Retrospective Chart Review.

Background: Total ankle arthroplasty is a viable option for the treatment of end stage ankle arthritis. The purpose of this study is to report on the mid-term results with a cemented total ankle pr...
Urothelial carcinoma in situ response to cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy, or lack thereof: Impact on patient selection for organ preservation in muscle-invasive disease?

Abstract Introduction Neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy (NACT) followed by radical cystectomy improves urothelial bladder cancer survival [1]. Complete pathological response on cystectomy pathology (pT0N0) is associated with the best survival outcomes [2]. Rates of complete response have increased with improved adoption of NACT calling into question the need for radical cystectomy or perhaps use of organ preservation protocols. In patients with papillary bladder tumors, carcinoma in situ (CIS) has been shown to influence progression and develop into invasive urothelial carcinoma [3]. Furthermore, in patients with invasive urothelial carcinoma, concurrent CIS has been reported in roughly 45% to 65% of cases [4]. Thus, we sought to determine the response rate of CIS to NACT to determine if the presence of CIS should factor into excluding patients from organ preservation. Methods A review of our prospectively maintained bladder cancer database was performed among patients undergoing preoperative cisplatin-based chemotherapy followed by cystectomy between 2007 and 2017. Presence of CIS before and after radical cystectomy was assessed. Random bladder biopsies or transurethral resection (TUR) with enhanced imaging for CIS (Cysview) were not routinely utilized in the preoperative setting. Results One-hundred eighty-three patients were identified that underwent preoperative cisplatin chemotherapy. A total of 96 (52.4%) unique patients had documented CIS in the entire cohort. Forty-eight (50%) patients were noted to have CIS on TUR. Of these 48 patients, 26 (54.1%) were noted to have residual CIS on final pathology. An additional 48 patients were found to have CIS on final pathology that was not diagnosed on TUR, making a total of 74 (77.1%) patients with CIS refractory to NACT on cystectomy pathology. Conclusions CIS seems to respond poorly to cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. If organ preservation protocols are considered, a thorough assessment for CIS with enhanced photodynamic detection cystoscopy or random bladder biopsies should be considered. Residual cisplatin-refractory disease, even if noninvasive CIS, may lead to poor outcomes. Future molecular classifiers may assist in disease signatures to help guide treatment protocols.
Accelerated AI development for autonomous materials synthesis in flow

Autonomous robotic experimentation strategies are rapidly rising in use because, without the need for user intervention, they can efficiently and precisely converge onto optimal intrinsic and extrinsic synthesis conditions for a wide range of emerging materials. However, as the material syntheses become more complex, the meta-decisions of artificial intelligence (AI)-guided decision-making algorithms used in autonomous platforms become more important. In this work, a surrogate model is developed using data from over 1000 in-house conducted syntheses of metal halide perovskite quantum dots in a self-driven modular microfluidic material synthesizer. The model is designed to represent the global failure rate, unfeasible regions of the synthesis space, synthesis ground truth, and sampling noise of a real robotic material synthesis system with multiple output parameters (peak emission, emission linewidth, and quantum yield). With this model, over 150 AI-guided decision-making strategies within a single-period horizon reinforcement learning framework are automatically explored across more than 600 000 simulated experiments – the equivalent of 7.5 years of continuous robotic operation and 400 L of reagents – to identify the most effective methods for accelerated materials development with multiple objectives. Specifically, the structure and meta-decisions of an ensemble neural network-based material development strategy are investigated, which offers a favorable technique for intelligently and efficiently navigating a complex material synthesis space with multiple targets. The developed ensemble neural network-based decision-making algorithm enables more efficient material formulation optimization in a no prior information environment than well-established algorithms.
An Accelerated-Decomposition Approach for Security-Constrained Unit Commitment with Corrective Network Reconfiguration

Security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) model is used for power system day-ahead scheduling. However, current SCUC model uses a static network to deliver power and meet demand optimally. A dynamic network can provide a lower optimal cost and alleviate network congestion. However, due to the computational complexity and the lack of effective algorithms, network reconfiguration has not been included in the SCUC model yet. This paper presents a novel approach to handle the computational complexity in security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) with corrective network reconfiguration (CNR) while considering the scalability through accelerated-decomposition approach with fast screening non-critical sub-problems of SCUC-CNR. The proposed approach provides substantial computational benefits and is also applicable to SCUC. Simulation results on the IEEE 24-bus system show that the proposed methods are substantially faster without the loss in solution quality while the scalability benefits are demonstrated using larger cases: the IEEE 73-bus system, IEEE 118-bus system and Polish system.
The impact of hospital volume on racial disparities in resected rectal cancer.

Background Although high volume centers (HVC) equate to improved outcomes in rectal cancer, the impact of surgical volume related to race is less defined. Methods Patients who underwent surgical resection for stage I-III rectal adenocarcinoma were divided into cohorts based on race and hospital surgical volume. Outcomes were analyzed following 1:1 propensity-score matching using logistic, Poisson, and Cox regression analyses with marginal effects. Results Fifty-four thousand one hundred and eighty-four (91.5%) non-Black and 5043 (8.5%) Black patients underwent resection of rectal cancer. Following 1:1 matching of non-Black (N = 5026) and Black patients, 5-year overall survival (OS) of Black patients was worse (72% vs. 74.4%, average marginal effects [AME] 0.66, p = 0.04) than non-Black patients. When compared to non-Black patients managed at HVCs, Black patients had worse OS (70.1% vs. 74.7%, AME 1.55, p = 0.03), but this difference was not significant when comparing OS between non-Black and Black patients managed at HVCs (72.3% vs. 74.7%, AME 0.62, p = 0.06). Length of stay was longer among Black and HVC patients across all cohorts. There was no difference across cohorts in 90-day mortality. Conclusions Although racial disparities exist in rectal cancer, this disparity appears to be ameliorated when patients are managed at HVCs.
Molecular and clinical characterization of postpartum-associated breast cancer in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study Phase I-III, 1993-2013.

Background Breast cancers in recently postpartum women may have worse outcomes, but studies examining tumor molecular features by pregnancy recency have shown conflicting results. Methods This analysis used Carolina Breast Cancer Study data to examine clinical and molecular tumor features among women 10 years prior) postpartum, or nulliparous. Prevalence odds ratios (PORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable models. Results Recently postpartum women (N=618) were more frequently lymph node positive [POR (95% CI): 1.66 (1.26, 2.19)], ER negative [1.37 (1.02, 1.83)], and IHC-based triple negative [1.57 (1.00, 2.47)] compared to nulliparous (N=360) women. Some differences were identified between recent vs. remotely postpartum; smaller tumor size [0.67 (0.52, 0.86)], p53 wildtype [0.53 (0.36, 0.77)], and non-basal-like phenotype [0.53 (0.33, 0.84)] were more common among recently postpartum. Recently postpartum (vs. nulliparous) had significant enrichment for adaptive immunity, T cells, B cells, CD8 T cells, activated CD8 T cells/NK cells, Tfh cells and higher overall immune cell scores. These differences were attenuated in remotely (compared to recently) postpartum women. Conclusions These results suggest a dominant effect of parity (vs. nulliparity) and a lesser effect of pregnancy recency on tumor molecular features, although tumor immune microenvironments were altered in association with pregnancy recency. Impact Our study is unique in examining tumor immune microenvironment and RNA-based markers according to time since last childbirth. Future studies should examine the interplay between tumor features, post-diagnostic treatment and outcomes among recently postpartum women.
A Case of Ciguatera Poisoning in a New York City Hospital: Learning Points For Hospitals Serving Diverse Immigrant Populations. (P2.328)

OBJECTIVE: We report a case of Ciguatera poisoning presenting to our hospital and review the learning points in relation to (i) improving diagnostic accuracy, (ii) understanding the pathophysiology and (iii) clinical management. BACKGROUND: Ciguatera poisoning is a foodborne illness with the potential to inflict chronic neurological morbidity. It is caused by ingesting a neurotoxin produced by Gambierdiscus toxicus , a dinoflagellate which contaminates reef fish populating the tropics and subtropics. Reported data show approximately 30 cases of marine toxin poisoning are identified in the United States each year although it is thought many go undiagnosed or unreported. It has the potential to cause chronic debilitating pruritus, temperature-related dysthesias and lasting neuropsychiatric illness with personality change and apathy. RESULTS: Our patient was a 71 year old male from the Dominican Republic (DR) who had recently returned to the USA from his homeland. Shortly before leaving the DR the patient had prepared himself a meal of barracuda fish. A few hours following ingestion he experienced facial and gum parasthesia and cramping abdominal pain associated with watery diarrhea. Over time the patient developed severe pruritus without skin lesions and an increasing depressive overlay of tearfulness, apathy and nihilism. He was seen in 3 different emergency departments and admitted to hospital twice before a diagnosis was made and directed supportive management started. CONCLUSIONS: Ciguatera poisoning is rare marine toxin illness that can pose a diagnostic challenge and often results in inappropriate investigations and hospital attendances. Healthcare providers in large immigrant centers should be aware of the symptomology and natural course of this condition as it can mimic other neuropsychiatric disorders. Disclosure: Dr. Jadeja has nothing to disclose. Dr. Haider has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gottesman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kozicky has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nafday has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kelson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jinjolava has nothing to disclose.
Measurement of macromolecular interactions between complement subcomponents C1q, C1r, C1s, and immunoglobulin IgM by sedimentation analysis using the analytical ultracentrifuge.

The interactions between the complement components and with immunoglobulins are greatly enhanced by lowering the ionic strength and become readily measurable by physical techniques. Thus, the binding between C1q and IgM was previously shown to be appreciable (k = 1 x 10(6) M-1) at 0.084 M ionic strength (Poon, P.H., Phillips, M.L., and Schumaker, V.N. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 9357-9365). We have now found that, at 0.128 M ionic strength, the binding between human C1- (the activated first component of complement) and IgM was strong at physiological concentrations (k = 1 x 10(7) M-1), while under the same conditions binding between C1q and IgM was not observed. To explore the nature of the interactions responsible for this enhanced binding by C1- over C1q, mixtures of the various subcomponents of C1- were studied alone and with IgM. C1r2 did not bind to C1q, even when the ionic strength was reduced to 0.098 M, nor did the presence of C1r2 enhance the binding of C1q to IgM. In contrast, two C1s2 independently bound to C1q (k = 1 x 10(6) M-1), and caused a marked increase in its association with IgM (k = 5 x 10(6) M-1) at 0.098 M ionic strength. No detectable interaction was found between C1s2 and/or C1r2 and IgM in the absence of C1q. Moreover, there was no detectable interaction between the C1(-)-like complex formed between C1r2C1s2 and the collagenous C1q stalks (pepsin-digested C1q) and IgM. These data suggest that the binding of C1s2 to C1q, either alone or together with C1r2, induces a conformational change in C1q which results in additional C1q heads binding to complementary sites on IgM.
The Personal and the Professional: Assessing the Ambivalent Commitment to Racial Justice in the United States

JLmick Lempert and I are the same age. As white males observing, confronting, and contemplating racial injustices, we have had different but parallel experiences. Our initial experiences with racial discrimination took place when we were young in the late 1940s and early 1950s, prior to the advent of the modern civil rights movement. He confronted it in New Jersey, and I did when I abruptly moved from Portland, Oregon's, integrated Grant Park area to Texas, where I attended segregated schools and had to listen to teachers explain why God had created the different races. We both saw matters in light of our parents' experiences and through their wise eyes. We both came of age in the wake oi Brown v. Board of Education (1954). I saw the segregated school system in San Antonio quickly integrate, K through 12, in one fell swoop because the military threatened to pull the children of military personnel out of the public schools if it didn't. Our academic lives began in earnest in the 1960s just as the Second Reconstruction commenced. We now write as the Second Reconstruction has
Complex-trait genetics: emergence of multivariate strategies

Complex traits, including many disease-related traits, are influenced by multiple genes. Bivariate approaches that associate one gene with one trait are yielding to multivariate methods to synthesize the effects of multiple genes, integrate results across independent studies, and aid in the identification of coordinated pathways and interactions between loci.
Oak Leaves and the origins of the 1927 Radio Act: Comment

The Radio Act of 1927 was enacted so as to pre-empt the common law property rights then being asserted over radio waves, thus facilitating a political equilibrium where broadcasters and regulators shared license rents. The Oak Leaves case of November 1926, awarding AM frequency rights to a private broadcaster on the homesteading principle, helped motivate Congress, steering it towards a “public interest” licensing law. The Twight paper, while ostensibly critiquing this now standard view in the law and economics literature, actually endorses it. The existing history stands corroborated, uncorrected.
All-Order Methods for Relativistic Atomic Structure Calculations

Abstract All-order extensions of relativistic atomic many-body perturbation theory are described and applied to predict properties of heavy atoms. Limitations of relativistic many-body perturbation theory are first discussed and the need for all-order calculations is established. An account is then given of relativistic all-order calculations based on a linearized version of the coupled-cluster expansion. This account is followed by a review of applications to energies, transition matrix elements, and hyperfine constants. The need for extensions of the linearized coupled-cluster method is discussed in light of accuracy limits, the availability of new computational resources, and precise modern experiments. For monovalent atoms, calculations that include non-linear terms and triple excitations in the coupled-cluster expansion are described. For divalent atoms, results from second- and third-order perturbation theory calculations are given, along with results from configuration-interaction calculations and mixed configuration interaction–many-body perturbation theory calculations. Finally, applications of all-order methods to atomic parity nonconservation, polarizabilities, C 3 and C 6 coefficients, and isotope shifts are given.
A Biomechanical Comparison of Tibial Inlay and Tibial Tunnel Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Techniques Graft Pretension and Knee Laxity

BackgroundMost posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction techniques use a tibial bone tunnel, which results in an acute bend in the graft as it passes over the posterior portion of the tibial plat...
Insulin Downregulates Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase (PDK) mRNA: Potential Mechanism Contributing to Increased Lipid Oxidation in Insulin-Resistant Subjects

Oxidative metabolism of glucose is regulated by pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) that can be inhibited by isoforms of PDH kinase (PDK). Recently, increased PDK activity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in obese subjects. Using quantitative RT-PCR, we measured mRNA of PDK2 and PDK4 isoforms in skeletal muscle biopsies from nondiabetic Pima Indians, a population with a high prevalence of NIDDM associated with obesity. PDK2 and PDK4 mRNAs were positively correlated with fasting plasma insulin concentration, 2-h plasma insulin concentration in response to oral glucose, and percentage body fat, whereas both isoforms were negatively correlated with insulin-mediated glucose uptake rates. Measurements of PDK2 and PDK4 mRNA during the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and of PDK2 in cell culture indicated that both transcripts decrease in response to insulin. Increased fatty acid (FA) oxidation has been traditionally viewed as the cause for increased PDK activity contributing to insulin resistance in obese subjects. In contrast, our data indicate that insufficient downregulation of PDK mRNA in insulin-resistant individuals could be a cause of increased PDK expression leading to impaired glucose oxidation followed by increased FA oxidation.
In vivo labelling with halogenated pyrimidines of squamous cell carcinomas and adjacent non‐involved mucosa of head and neck region

The frequency and distribution of labelled cells were studied immunohistochemically in 37 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of head and neck after in vivo infusion of IdUrd and BrdUrd. Tumours were classified according to their labelling patterns. Low and moderate grade SCC consisted of tumour islands separated by interstitial tissue. In some tumours labelled cells only appeared near the basal layer while in others proliferative cells were evenly distributed within the neoplastic island. In anaplastic carcinomas labelled cells were distributed either randomly or around blood vessels (cord structures). While the basal layer in adjacent normal epithelium contained very few labelled cells (LI = 1.6 +/- 0.2%), the LI of basal cells in tumour islands were much higher than the average LI of the tumour (47.2 +/- 2.8% and 23.8 +/- 1.6%, respectively). In patients who had received cytotoxic therapy up to two months before the biopsy, the LI in the basal layer of normal epithelium was 19.0 +/- 3.5%. In sequential biopsies obtained 1-2 weeks after the infusion of IdUrd and BrdUrd some labelled tumour cells were found in necrotic foci and in pearl structures. Additionally, in six tumours, we found areas of cells labelled with IdUrd alone, even though the IdUrd infusion had been followed by a BrdUrd infusion 1 h later. This is in agreement with the phenomenon of intermittent tumour blood flow described earlier in experimental tumours.
Personal neoantigen cancer vaccines: The momentum builds.

Neoantigen-based cancer vaccines designed to target the unique immunogenic mutations arising in each patient’s tumor are breathing new life into a struggling approach. Data continue to demonstrate the importance of neoantigens in immune control of cancer. Despite manufacturing complexity, outstanding questions and desired further improvements, neoantigen vaccines are currently undergoing clinical evaluation.
Trends in acute kidney injury, associated use of dialysis, and mortality after cardiac surgery, 1999 to 2008.

Background The development of acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery is associated with significant mortality, morbidity, and cost. The last decade has seen major changes in the complexity of cardiac surgical candidates and in the number and type of cardiac surgical procedures being performed. Methods Using data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we determined the annual rates of AKI, AKI requiring dialysis (AKI-D), and inpatient mortality after cardiac surgery in the United States in the years 1999 through 2008. Results Inpatient mortality with AKI and AKI-D decreased from 27.9% and 45.9%, respectively, in 1999 to 12.8% and 35.3%, respectively, in 2008. Compared with 1999, the odds of AKI and AKI-D in 2008, adjusted for demographic and clinical factors, were 3.30 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.89 to 3.77) and 2.23 (95% CI: 1.78 to 2.80), respectively. Corresponding adjusted odds of death associated with AKI and AKI-D were 0.31 (95% CI: 0.26 to 0.36) and 0.47 (95% CI: 0.34 to 0.65.) Taken together, the attributable risks for death after cardiac surgery associated with AKI and AKI-D increased from 30% and 5%, respectively, in 1999 to 47% and 14%, respectively, in 2008. Conclusions In sum, despite improvements in individual patient outcomes over the decade 1999 to 2008, the population contribution of AKI and AKI-D to inpatient mortality after surgery increased over the same period.