cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
InSb Detectors and Focal Plane Arrays on GaAs, Si, and Al203 Substrates

In this paper, we report on the growth and fabrication of InSb detectors and Focal Plane Arrays (FPA’s) on (100) Si, Al203, and (100) and (111) GaAs substrates for infrared (IR) imaging. Several advantages result from using GaAs, Si, or Al203. First, InSb FPA’s on these materials do not require thinning as with detectors fabricated from bulk InSb. In addition, these substrates are available in larger sizes, are semi-insulating (GaAs and sapphire), and are less expensive than InSb. Optimum growth conditions have been determined and discrete devices have been fabricated on each substrate material. The structural, electrical, and optical properties were verified using x-ray, Hall, photoresponse, and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. Measured x-ray Full Widths at Half Maximum (FWHM) were as low as 55 and 100 arcsec for InSb epilayers on GaAs and Si, respectively. Hall mobilities were as high as 128,000, 95,000 and 72,000 cm2/V-sec at 200 K, 77 K, and room temperature, respectively. In addition, 77 K PL linewidths were as low as 18, 20, and 30 meV on GaAs, Si, and sapphire substrates respectively, well below the 48 meV value previously reported in the literature. In collaboration with Lockheed Martin Fairchild Systems (LMFS), IR thermal imaging has been obtained from InSb FPA’s on GaAs and Si substrates. This is the first successful IR thermal imaging from heteroepitaxially grown InSb. Because of the high quality substrates, larger areas, and higher yields, this technology is very promising for challenging traditional InSb FPA hybrid technology.
Novel Agents in the Treatment of Unresectable Neuroendocrine Tumors

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors represent a small percentage of all pancreatic tumors (1.3%) but their incidence is rising. Prior to 2011, the only approved agent for unresectable disease was streptozicin (often used in combination with doxorubicin) but the efficacy of this drug is in question and there had not been any new drugs approved for this disease in more than 20 years. Recently there has been new excitement for the treatment of advanced neuroendocrine tumors including those of the pancreas (pNET) with FDA approval of 2 new agents in 2011. One of these agents was everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, which was approved on the basis of a landmark phase III study (RADIANT-3). At the 2011 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting, several abstracts were presented reviewing novel agents in the treatment of advanced NET. Three abstracts looked at characteristics of patients treated on the RADIANT-3 study and looked at the role of prior chemotherapy use (Abstract #4103), somatostatin analog use (Abstract #4010), and updated safety data (Abstract #4009) from this trial. Additionally, an abstract was presented (Abstract 4008) looking at updated data from the other targeted agent approved for advanced pNET, sunitinib, a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which demonstrated improvement in progression-free survival compared to placebo. Novel agents were also presented, including a phase II trial looking at the combination of sorafenib and bevacizumab (Abstract #4113), and a phase I trial looking at a novel somatostatin analog, pasireotide, in combination with everolimus (Abstract #4120) The authors review and summarize these abstracts in this article. Image: Mosaic on the wall of the 116th Street station on the 1st line of the New York subway system.
Assessing categorization performance at the individual level: A comparison of Monte Carlo Simulation and Probability Estimate Model procedures

Two analytical procedures for identifying young children as categorizers, the Monte Carlo Simulation and the Probability Estimate Model, were compared. Using a sequential touching method, children aged 12, 18, 24, and 30 months were given seven object sets representing different levels of categorical classification. From their touching performance, the probability that children were categorizing was then determined independently using Monte Carlo Simulation and the Probability Estimate Model. The two analytical procedures resulted in different percentages of children being classified as categorizers. Results using the Monte Carlo Simulation were more consistent with group-level analyses than results using the Probability Estimate Model. These findings recommend using the Monte Carlo Simulation for determining individual categorizer classification.
Legalizing physician-aided death.

Physician aid in dying is a broader topic than euthanasia in that the latter usually refers to active euthanasia, while physician assistance also encompasses the issue of assisted suicide. Volumes could be and have been written on physician-assisted death. But my purpose here is to address a specific aspect of the topic: the policy implications with regard to proposed legislation on physician-aided death.Although the title's reference to physician assistance suggests a focus on the role of the professional, what people often take to be most important and at the heart of the topic is the issue of the patient's rights, usually seen as being manifested in four different ways. First is the right to a dignified death, as free from pain and suffering as possible. In crossing national boundaries and preceding the organization of the professions and the creation of societies, this right is viewed as one that ought to be recognized.
Studies on disruption of sexual communication in the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), with microencapsulated gossyplure or its component Z, Z-isomer

Microencapsulated gossyplure or its component Z,Z -isomer were applied to 0·04-ha field plots in Arizona for disruption of sexual communication in adults of Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund.). In an initial efficacy test, the materials were placed on cotton plants in 50-μl drops by hand at a rate of 3·7 g a.i./ha (24 690 drops/ha). Trap catches were reduced by averages of 92 and 81% for the Z,Z -isomer or gossyplure treatments, respectively, during a one-week test period. Mating in mini-mating stations was reduced by 100 and 91% for Z , Z -isomer and gossyplure treatments, respectively. In a further test, sprays were applied using a Micron Herbi 77 hand-held spinning disc applicator that was calibrated to deliver 1·97 × 10 8 spray droplets/ha (about 250 μm in diameter and 0·01 μl/drop). The spray and drop methods were used to apply rates of 2·5 or 12·3 g a.i./ha of both materials to 0·04-ha field plots. The 12·3 g/ha rate of microencapsulated materials was necessary to give about 90% reductions in trap catches for the 9–12–day test periods. Gossyplure and its Z , Z -isomer gave similar reductions in catches when the same rates and method of application were used. However, comparisons of results for 50-μl drops vs. spray indicated that the drops generally resulted in significantly lower trap catches than sprays at the 2·5 g/ha dose rate. The results indicate that spray application of microencapsulated gossyplure or its Z , Z -isomer have potential for communication disruption of P. gossypiella .
Cerebral dysfunction after cardiac operations in elderly patients

Background. Cerebral injury remains a significant complication of cardiac operations. We determined the incidence of cerebral dysfunction in a population of elderly patients undergoing open chamber cardiac operations (group 1) as compared with a younger population (group 2) and an age-matched group of elderly patients undergoing major noncardiac operations (group 3). Methods. Sixty-eight patients (55 for open chamber cardiac operations and 13 for noncardiac operations) were propsectively studied. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively before hospital discharge using a complete neurologic examination and a battery of standard neuropsychometric tests, and at surgical follow-up with neuropsychometric tests only. Results. Postoperative changes detected by neurologic examination consisted of the appearance of new primitive reflexes in all groups. No statistically significant differences in incidence were found. The neuropsychometric performance of group 1 patients was statistically different from that of patients in groups 2 and 3 only in the early follow-up period. Conclusions. Elderly patients having open chamber cardiac operations exhibit significantly more cerebral dysfunction in the early postoperative period than those undergoing major noncardiac operations and younger patients after open chamber procedures. These changes do not persist into the late follow-up period.
Some Considerations for ESL Program Evaluation

There is a robust tradition of program evaluation in the field of testing and measurement, but within the TESOL community, pro gram evaluation has only recently begun to be considered as a vital component. To identify some of the major concepts involved, we provide an overview of the better known approaches in program evaluation and, where applicable, focus attention on related measurement issues. We attempt to relate the following to ESL pro grams: formative and summative evaluation, criterion-, growth-, and norm-referenced evaluation, and related psychometric considera tions.
Stretch expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft with intrawall radial support system: an advance in vascular access graft design.

Vascular access expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) grafts with external support systems consisting of parallel rings or in a spiral configuration are designed to resist kinking and compressio...
Time-scale integral inequalities.

Some recent and classical integral inequalities are extended to the general time- scale calculus, including the inequalities of Steffensen, Iyengar, ˇ Cebyoev, and Hermite-Hadamard.
Individual Differences in Risk Perception and Risk-Taking Preferences

Daily claims of new dangers in the food, air and water we consume, the chemicals, energy and substances we use, and the products, processes and artifacts that support us have exacerbated public fears about risk. Perceptions of danger have been studied from a variety of methodological and theoretical perspectives, but alternative formulations remain largely untested. Missing most of all is a focused comparison of rival hypotheses. To address this imbalance, findings are presented to evaluate the role of knowledge, personality, culture, and demographic and political factors in public perceptions of risk. Assessed in day-long sessions, in groups of about twenty-five, 300 San Francisco Bay Area residents provided judgments regarding the risks and benefits of selected technologies, and societal risk policy, in addition to giving information about socio-technological and political orientations, personal values, self-descriptions, and personal background and status. In all comparisons culture biases (i. e., preferences for ways of life) are shown to be a powerful predictors of risk perceptions.
Mining Themes and Interests in the Asperger's and Autism Community

Discussion forums offer a new source of insight for the experiences and challenges faced by individuals affected by mental disorders. Language technology can help domain experts gather insight from these forums, by aggregating themes and user behaviors across thousands of conversations. We present a novel model for web forums, which captures both thematic content as well as user-specific interests. Applying this model to the Aspies Central forum (which covers issues related to Asperger’s syndrome and autism spectrum disorder), we identify several topics of concern to individuals who report being on the autism spectrum. We perform the evaluation on the data collected from Aspies Central forum, including 1,939 threads, 29,947 posts and 972 users. Quantitative evaluations demonstrate that the topics extracted by this model are substantially more than those obtained by Latent Dirichlet Allocation and the Author-Topic Model. Qualitative analysis by subjectmatter experts suggests intriguing directions for future investigation.
Peripheral Nerve Grafts Implanted into Rat CNS (Optic Nerve) Show Electrophoretic Patterns of Radiolabelled Fast Axonally Transported Proteins Similar to the Pattern seen in the Normal Host CNS Tract

In their eloquent studies on peripheral nerve grafts implanted into rat central nervous system (CNS), Aguayo and colleagues 3,6 have demonstrated that when given an appropriate environment, mammalian CNS neurones, like other nerve cells, can regrow their axons great distances after damage. However, whether or not special components manufactured within nerve cells are also necessary to effect regeneration is still a matter of conjecture. One such group of components may be proteins that are rapidly transported down regenerating axons and appear to be selectively increased compared to other transported proteins 1,2,4,5 if such proteins are indeed prerequisite for nerve growth, then their expression in CNS fibres growing through peripheral nerve grafts might also be expected. In these preliminary studies I report that proteins are seen in peripheral nerve grafts implanted into the rat eye which appear very similar to fast axonally transported proteins seen normally in the host CNS, and are presumably conveyed along CNS fibres growing within the graft.
EVALUATION OF LANNATE TANK-MIXTURES FOR CONTROL OF WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS ON ROMAINE LETTUCE, 2013

The objective of the trial was to compare the efficacy of Lannate tank-mixtures against WFT on romaine lettuce. Romaine ‘Big Green COS’ was direct seeded on 7 Dec, 2012 at the Yuma Valley Agricultural Center, Yuma, AZ into double row beds on 42 inch centers. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation, and irrigated with furrow irrigation thereafter. Plots were two beds wide by 35 ft long and bordered by two untreated beds. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in a RCB design. Formulations and rates for each compound are provided in the tables. Foliar sprays were applied on 4 and 17 Feb. The applications were made with a CO2 pressurized boom sprayer that delivered a broadcast application at 40 psi and 22.5 gpa through 2 TXVS-18 ConeJet nozzles per bed. An adjuvant Dyne-Amic (Helena Chemical Co.), was applied at 0.25% vol/vol to all treatments. Numbers of WFT from 5 plants per replicate were recorded at various sample dates following each application (DAT). Relative WFT numbers were measured by removing plants and beating them vigorously against a screened pan (12 inch x 7 inch x 2 inch) for a predetermined time (10 s). A 6 inch by 6 inch sticky card was placed inside of the pan to catch the dislodged WFT. Sticky cards were then taken to the laboratory where adult and larvae were counted. Because of heterogeneity of mean variances, data were transformed using a log10 (x + 1) function before analysis and subjected to ANOVA; means were compared using an F-protected LSD (P ≤ 0.05). Means from non-transformed data are presented in the tables.
Thermomicrobia class nov.

Ther.mo.mi.cro' bi.a. M.L. fem. pl. n. Thermomicrobiales type order of the class; dropping ending to denote a class; M.L. fem. pl. n. Thermomicrobia the class of Thermomicrobiales. Thermomicrobia / Thermomicrobia Keywords: Thermomicrobia class nov.; Thermomicrobiales; Thermomicrobia phy. nov.
Multiple drug use in an elderly man.

(1987). Multiple Drug Use in an Elderly Man. Hospital Practice: Vol. 22, No. 7, pp. 111-127.
Exploring Nurses' Perception of Dynamic Patient Events.

OBJECTIVE The study aim was to describe nurses' perceptions of dynamic patient events (DPEs) impact on workflow and patient care. BACKGROUND The process of determining optimal nurse staffing has challenged nurse leaders for decades. METHODS This study took place on 3 inpatient units in 3 hospitals at a large academic medical center. A qualitative design that included focus groups composed of RNs with a minimum of 1-year experience was used. RESULTS The most commonly identified DPEs were patient travel, code blues, rapid emergency response events, and requirement for an unplanned 1-on-1 sitter. The impact of DPEs influences the nurse's perception on job satisfaction, workflow, patient's safety/satisfaction, and delayed/missed care. CONCLUSION It is incumbent upon nursing leaders to understand DPEs and anticipate how these events impact nursing workload, staffing, and care delivery.
First-in-human PET imaging of 63Zn-zinc citrate in healthy elderly subjects and patients with Alzheimer's disease

127 Objectives Abnormalities of zinc homeostasis are indicated in many human diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We have developed 63Zn-zinc citrate (T1/2 =38.5 min) as a PET imaging probe of zinc transport. Herein, we report a first-in-human study in healthy human subjects and patients with AD with particular attention to brain kinetics of the radiotracer. Methods Six healthy elderly subjects and six patients with clinically confirmed AD and positive 11C-PiB scans were studied. Dynamic PET imaging of the brain was performed for 30 min following intravenous administration of 63Zn-zinc citrate (~330 MBq). Subsequently, PET images from head to thigh were acquired out to 2 hours post-injection. Samples of urine and blood were analyzed to give information on urinary excretion, pharmacokinetics and transport into erythrocytes. Regional cerebral clearance kinetics were analyzed in relationship with available 11C-PiB and 18F-FDG imaging data. Results 63Zn citrate was well tolerated in human subjects with no adverse events monitored. Tissues of highest uptake were liver, pancreas, and kidney with moderate uptake seen in intestines, prostate (males), thyroid, spleen, stomach, pituitary, and salivary glands. Moderate brain uptake was observed, and regional dependences were observed in 63Zn clearance kinetics in relationship with regions of high amyloid-plaque burden (11C-PiB) and 18F-FDG hypometabolism. Conclusions Zinc transport was successfully imaged in human subjects using the PET probe 63Zn-zinc citrate. Preliminary information on zinc kinetics in AD subjects evidenced regional differences in clearance rates in correspondence to regional amyloid-beta pathology and 18F-FDG hypometabolism, warranting further imaging studies of zinc homeostasis in AD patients.
Understanding the Role of Resource Use Efficiency in Determining the Growth of Trees and Forests

In the twentieth century, silviculturists commonly thought about the growth of trees and stands in terms of “growing space.” Trees and stands grew faster when they obtained more growing space. Unfortunately, growing space is intangible and not quantifiable, limiting the opportunities for quantification and hypothesis testing. Patterns of tree and stand growth can be evaluated quantitatively with a production-ecology perspective, testing hypotheses about factors that influence growth. The growth of trees and forests depends on the acquisition of resources (light, water, nutrients), on the efficiency of using these resources for photosynthesis, and on the partitioning of photosynthate to wood growth. Trees and stands with high rates of resource use might be expected to show lower efficiency of resource use as a result of some sort of declining marginal return; however, empirical patterns show that increasing resource use is generally accompanied by sustained or increased efficiency of use. For example, in fast-growing Eucalyptus plantations, large trees may intercept twice as much light as smaller trees, and use the light twice as efficiently to provide a fourfold greater rate of stem growth than smaller trees. At the stand level, increases in water supply (across geographic gradients or from irrigation) often show 50% increases in water uptake by trees, and constant or increasing efficiency of water use leads to large increases in stem growth. These insights are valuable for forest management, including understanding why subordinate trees contribute so little to stand growth, why uniform stands grow better than stands with greater variety of tree sizes, and why some species mixtures grow better than others. The production-ecology approach offers a powerful framework for how to think about the growth of trees and forests.
The Dedication Strategies of Conrad Gessner

The 102 dedications composed by the sixteenth-century physician and polymath Conrad Gessner between 1541 and 1565 offer a rich trove of insight into many aspects of his particular career but also into the workings of the Republic of Letters more generally. Although Gessner never benefitted from a major patronage relationship and probably received limited financial support from his dedicatees, he nonetheless managed to publish a number of major works on his initiative, including folio volumes of philology, bibliography, and especially expensive works of illustrated natural history. Crucial to Gessner’s success was his accumulation of smaller contributions in kind from a wide range of people who offered him hospitality or sent him information and specimens, manuscripts and images, which Gessner used in his publications. Gessner rewarded contributors not only by private expressions of thanks, but also in print, and especially visibly in his dedications. Gessner was also unusual in calling attention to the role of learned printers for his work, by composing dedications to them and by advertising that various of his publications were initiated by requests from printers or bequests of manuscripts by recently deceased scholars. Gessner thus used the high visibility of the printed dedication to invite further contributions from learned readers, bequests of unfinished manuscripts, and proposals from printers with which to fuel his remarkable productivity.
Cystic Fibrosis 2017—The Year in Review

It is always an exciting challenge to write a Year in Review artcicle identifying the best publications in the preceding year; in this case from October 2016 until the AARC meeting in October 2017. This is particularly true for cystic fibrosis (CF), where there has been an explosion of new data, new medications, and new understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. PubMed lists more than 2,500 papers published during those 12 months, many of them outstanding. I am indebted to many colleagues and friends who are leaders in the CF community, active readers of the pediatric pulmonary listserv, and scientists and clinicians engaged in the care of CF, for offering their suggestions regarding which articles should be included in this review. I believe that you will enjoy reading this curated selection of manuscripts that I have tried to organize by theme.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agriculture: Reconciling the Epistemological, Ethical, Political, and Practical Challenges

The purpose of this paper is to provide further clarity to the technical and policy difficulties associated with mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture by identifying and distilling the core tensions which propagate and animate them. We argue that these complexities exist across four critical dimensions: the epistemological, the ethical, the political, and the practical. Adequately confronting the challenge of agricultural emissions will require improved transparency in emissions measurement, increased science communication, enhanced public participatory mechanisms, and the integration of ethical deliberation in scientific and policy discussions.
Vasculitis and Thrombosis due to the Sea Lion Lungworm, Parafilaroides decorus, in a Guadalupe Fur Seal ( Arctocephalus philippii townsendi).

Abstract: A free-ranging, male, yearling Guadalupe fur seal (Arctocephalus philippii townsendi) died due to multifocal verminous vasculitis with thrombosis and several embolic infarcts in liver, kidney, and brain. Nematodes extracted from lung blood vessels were identified as Parafilaroides decorus, a parasite normally found in alveoli of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus).
TDP-43 pathology in anterior temporal pole cortex in aging and Alzheimer's disease

TDP-43 pathology was investigated in the anterior temporal pole cortex (ATPC) and orbital frontal cortex (OFC), regions often degenerated in frontotemporal lobar degenerations (FTLD), in aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Diagnosis of dementia in the 1160 autopsied participants from 3 studies of community-dwelling elders was based on clinical evaluation and cognitive performance tests which were used to create summary measures of the five cognitive domains. Neuronal and glial TDP-43 cytoplasmic inclusions were quantitated in 8 brain regions by immunohistochemistry, and used in ANOVA and regression analyses. TDP-43 pathology was present in 547 (49.4%) participants in whom ATPC (41.9%) was the most frequently involved neocortical region and in 15.5% of these cases, ATPC was the only neocortical area with TDP-43 pathology suggesting not only that ATPC is involved early by TDP-43 but that ATPC may represent an intermediate stage between mesial temporal lobe involvement by TDP-43 and the last stage with involvement of other neocortical areas. To better study this intermediary neocortical stage, and to integrate with other staging schemes, our previous 3 stage distribution of TDP-43 pathology was revised to a 5 stage distribution scheme with stage 1 showing involvement of the amygdala only; stage 2 showed extension to hippocampus and/or entorhinal cortex; stage 3 showed extension to the ATPC; stage 4 – showed extension to the midtemporal cortex and/or OFC and finally in stage 5, there was extension to the midfrontal cortex. Clinically, cases in stages 2 to 5 had impaired episodic memory, however, stage 3 was distinct from stage 2 since stage 3 cases had significantly increased odds of dementia. The proportion of cases with hippocampal sclerosis increased progressively across the stages with stage 5 showing the largest proportion of hippocampal sclerosis cases. Stage 5 cases differed from other stages by having impairment of semantic memory and perceptual speed, in addition to episodic memory impairment. These data suggest that of the regions studied, TDP-43 pathology in the ATPC is an important early neocortical stage of TDP-43 progression in aging and AD while extension of TDP-43 pathology to the midfrontal cortex is a late stage associated with more severe and global cognitive impairment.
3D Integration Technologies – An Overview

The next generation of integrated micro-system technologies can only keep up with increased functionality and performance demands by using the 3rd dimension. The primary drivers for 3D integration are miniaturization, integration of different technologies in a small form-factor, and performance. 3D integration technologies can be grouped into 3 main categories, namely 3D On-chip integration, 3D IC-stacking, and 3D-packaging. This chapter provides a detailed review of each of these categories.
Perceptions of Psychological Contract Breach and Perceptions of Co-Worker Exclusion: The Moderating Effects of Collectivism and Individualism

Social exclusion has negative outcomes in the workplace, yet we know little about its antecedents. We argue that employees’ perceptions of psychological contract breach (by their organizations) lead them to perceive that they are being excluded by co-workers. We further argue that the individual-level cultural values of collectivism and individualism play important roles in determining the degree to which employees perceive co-worker exclusion. Using a sample of 265 employees across two points in time, we find a positive association between perceptions of psychological contract breach and perceptions of co-worker exclusion. We also find that employees’ collectivistic orientations weaken this positive relationship, while employees’ individualistic orientations strengthen this positive relationship. Our findings add to the growing body of research exploring the interconnectedness of social exchange relationships in the workplace, as well as how cultural values affect these social exchange relationships.
Advances in Thyroid Surgery

Thyroid surgery has evolved from an unsophisticated, high mortality procedure of early centuries to an innovative and graceful modern day operation. The modern advances in thyroid surgery have been founded by the lessons garnered from the past experiences; thus validating Theodor Billroth’s words “Only the man who is familiar with the art and science of the past is competent to aid in its progress in the future.” The revolutionary work of Kocher rewarded with the Nobel Prize in 1908 stimulated the modern transformation of thyroid surgery. The modernization of the thyroid surgery was further catalyzed by greater understanding of anatomy and physiology of the thyroid gland, the modern technological advances such as intraoperative neural monitoring and by the newer imaging techniques.
Parenteral Protein Decision Support System Improves Protein Delivery in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background Management of neonatal parenteral protein intake for preterm infants is challenging and requires daily modifications of the dose to account for the infant's postnatal age, birth weight, current weight, and the volume and protein concentration of concurrent enteral nutrition. The objective of this study was to create and evaluate the Parenteral Protein Calculator (PPC), a clinical decision support system to improve the accuracy of protein intake for preterm infants who require parenteral nutrition (PN). Materials and methods We integrated the PPC into the computerized provider order entry system and tested it in a randomized controlled trial (routine or PPC). Infants were eligible if they were ≤3 days old, had a birth weight ≤1500 g, and had no inborn error of metabolism. The primary outcome was the appropriate total protein intake, defined as target protein dose ±0.5 g/kg. Results We randomly allocated 42 infants for 221 PN days in the control group and 211 in the PPC group. Total protein intake in the PPC group was more accurate as compared with the control group (appropriate protein dosing: odds ratio = 5.8; 95% CI, 2.7-12.4). Absolute deviation from protein target was 0.41 g/kg (0.24-0.58) lower in the PPC group. Conclusion The PPC improved appropriate protein dosing for premature infants receiving PN. Further studies are needed to test whether clinical decision support systems will reduce uremia and improve growth and to replicate similar findings in the cases of other PN nutrients.
Dynamic response in the larval geoduck clam proteome to elevated pCO2

Abstract Pacific geoduck clams (Panopea generosa) are found along the Northeast Pacific coast where they are significant components of coastal and estuarine ecosystems and the basis of a growing and highly profitable aquaculture industry. The Pacific coastline, however, is also the sight of rapidly changing ocean habitat, including significant reductions in pH. The impacts of ocean acidification on invertebrate bivalve larvae have been widely documented and it is well established that many species experience growth and developmental deficiencies when exposed to low pH. As a native of environments that have historically lower pH than the open ocean, it is possible that geoduck larvae are less impacted by these effects than other species. Over two weeks in larval development (days 6-19 post-fertilization) geoduck larvae were reared at pH 7.5 or 7.1 in a commercial shellfish hatchery. Larvae were sampled at six time points throughout the period for a in-depth proteomics analysis of developmental molecular physiology. Larvae reared at low pH were smaller than those reared at ambient pH, especially in the prodissoconch II phase of development. Competency for settlement was also delayed in larvae from the low pH conditions. A comparison of proteomic profiles over the course of development reveal that these differing phenotypic outcomes are likely due to environmental disruptions to the timing of molecular physiological events as suites of proteins showed differing profiles of abundance between the two pH environments. Ocean acidification likely caused an energetic stress on the larvae at pH 7.1, causing a shift in physiological prioritization with resulting loss of fitness.
The evolution of factor VIIa in the treatment of bleeding in haemophilia with inhibitors.

The use of activated factor VII (FVIIa) for the treatment of bleeding events in haemophilia patients with inhibitors was first reported over 30 years ago. Since then clinical trials, registries, case series, real-world experience and an understanding of its mechanism of action have transformed what was originally a scientific curiosity into one of the major treatments for inhibitor patients, with innovative therapeutic regimens, dose optimization and individualized care now widely practiced. Given current understanding and use, it might be easy to forget the years of clinical research that led up to this point; in this review, we lay out changes based on broad eras of rFVIIa use. These eras cover the original uncertainty associated with dosing, efficacy and safety; the transformation of care ushered in with its widespread use; and the optimization and individualization of patient care and the importance of specialized support provided by haemophilia treatment centres. Today with the introduction of novel prophylactic agents such as emicizumab, we once again find ourselves dealing with the uncertainties of how best to utilize rFVIIa and newer investigational variants such as marzeptacog alfa and eptacog beta; we hope that the experiences of the past three decades will serve as a guide for this new era of care.
Adaptive Team Performance: The Influence of Membership Fluidity on Shared Team Cognition.

Team membership change literature has traditionally focused on performance effects of newcomers to teams. Yet, in practice, teams frequently experience membership loss without replacement (e.g., downsizing) or membership exchanges—replacing a member who has left the organization with a current, experienced employee. Despite the prevalence of these practices, little is known about the impact of such changes on team performance. Drawing upon two complementary team adaptation theories, the influence of both membership loss without replacement and loss with replacement by experienced personnel on the cognitive processes underlying adaptation (operationalized as development of effective team mental models – TMMs) was examined. Results suggested that Teammate TMMs (i.e., shared knowledge of member preferences/tendencies) and Team Interaction TMMs (i.e., shared knowledge of roles/responsibilities) are differentially influenced by the movement of members in and out of teams and differentially predict adaptive team performance. Further, TMM measurement choice (i.e., the use of similarity versus distance scores) matters as relationships differed depending on which metric was used.. These results are discussed in the context of team adaptation theory, with implications for strategic human resource management.
Meeting the Needs of People with Parkinson Disease Through the Adaptation of a Fall Risk Program: Merging Yoga and OT for Parkinson Disease

Date Presented 04/05/19 Primary Author and Speaker: Laura Swink Contributing Authors: Karen Atler, Tara Klinedinst, Christine Fruhauf, Brett Fling, Arlene Schmid
DNA methylation analysis validates organoids as a viable model for studying human intestinal aging

Summary Background and Aims The epithelia of the intestine and colon turn over rapidly and are maintained by adult stem cells at the base of crypts. While the small intestine and colon have distinct, well-characterized physiological functions, it remains unclear if there are fundamental regional differences in stem cell behavior or region-dependent degenerative changes during aging. Mesenchyme-free organoids provide useful tools for investigating intestinal stem cell biology in vitro and have started to be utilized for investigating age-related changes in stem cell function. However, it is unknown whether organoids maintain hallmarks of age in the absence of an aging niche. Here we test whether stem cell enriched organoids preserve the DNA methylation-based aging profiles associated with the tissues and crypts from which they were derived. Methods To address this, we use standard human methylation arrays and the human 'epigenetic clock' as a biomarker of age to analyze in vitro-derived, three-dimensional, stem cell-enriched intestinal organoids. Results We find that human stem cell-enriched organoids maintain segmental differences in methylation patterns and that age, as measured by the epigenetic clock, is also maintained in vitro. Surprisingly, we find that stem cell-enriched organoids derived from the small intestine exhibit striking epigenetic age reduction, relative to organoids derived from colon. Conclusions Our data validate the use of organoids as a model for studying human intestinal aging and introduce methods that can be used when modeling aging or age-onset diseases in vitro.
The Role of Identity in Motivating and Shaping the Experiences of Social Work Participatory Action Research Scholars

Participatory action research (PAR) and Community-based participatory research (CBPR) prioritize collaborative research approaches with the goal of social transformation. Themes from this qualitati...
Respiratory and Blood Stream Infections are Associated with Subsequent Venous Thromboembolism After Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Infection and venous thromboembolism (VTE) are associated with worse outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The relationship between infection and VTE in ICH patients is unclear. We hypothesized that infection would be associated with subsequent VTE after ICH. We retrospectively studied consecutively admitted spontaneous primary ICH patients from 2009 to 2018 surviving beyond 24 h. The primary predictor variable was infection, diagnosed prior to VTE. The primary outcome was VTE. We used multivariable logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (OR, 95% CI) for VTE risk after infection of any type, after adjusting for ICH score, length of stay and days to deep venous thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis. Similar analysis was done to estimate the association of infection subtypes, including respiratory and urinary and blood stream infections (BSI) with VTE. There were 414 patients (mean age 65 years, 47% female) that met were analyzed. Infection was diagnosed in 181 (44%) patients. Incident VTE was diagnosed in 36 (9%) patients, largely comprised of DVT (n = 32; 89%). Infection overall was associated with increased risk of subsequent VTE (adjusted OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.6–12.6). Respiratory (adjusted OR 5.7, 95% CI 2.8–11.7) and BSI (adjusted OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.3–11.0) were associated with future VTE. Urinary and other infections were not associated with subsequent VTE. Infections are associated with subsequent risk of VTE among patients with ICH. Further investigation is required to elucidate mechanisms behind this association and to improve VTE prevention after ICH.
UN Peacekeeping as intervention by invitation: host state consent and the use of force in Security Council-mandated stabilisation operations

Contemporary UN peacekeeping missions often have Chapter VII mandates and wide authorisations to use force, notably to protect civilians. Since 2010, however, the Security Council has created a new...
A new species of Toxicocalamus (Squamata: Elapidae) from Papua New Guinea.

I describe a new species of the fossorial elapid snake genus Toxicocalamus from Mt. Simpson, Milne Bay Province, in southeastern New Guinea. The new species is similar to the poorly diagnosed T. loriae but differs from that species (and all other Toxicocalamus with the preocular distinct from the prefrontal) in having the preocular not in contact with the nasal and in having a pale-gray or yellow venter with gray bands across each ventral scale. The new species came from elevations of 1300–1490 m a.s.l. on the north slope of Mt. Simpson, and it seems likely to be confined to the mid-elevations of that mountain, judging from its morphological differences with specimens obtained from similar elevations on nearby Mt. Dayman. If true, this would make it the sixth species of herpetofauna apparently endemic to Mt. Simpson. This snake was common and found in both village gardens and adjacent primary rainforest, and I estimate its area of extent to be approximately 50,000 ha, so its IUCN conservation status would appear to be Least Concern.
Heart Valve Prostheses

Heart valve prostheses have been successfully implanted in humans with diseased native heart valves for >40 years. Patients with implanted prostheses lead a relatively normal life. The currently available prostheses can be broadly classified into mechanical and biological heart valve prostheses. Mechanical valve prostheses are made entirely out of blood compatible nonbiological material, and hence are highly durable. However, thrombo-embolic complications are still the major problem with these valves, and hence the patient has to be under long-term anticoagulant therapy. Biological valves with leaflets made of biological tissue generally do not require long-term anticoagulant therapy. However, they lack in durability with replacements becoming necessary at 10–12 years after implantation on the average. It is clear that further improvements are needed in the valve designs in order to improve the quality of life for patients implanted with valve prostheses. This article discusses the history of development of valve prostheses, mechanical and bioprosthetic valves currently available for implantation, and efforts in our understanding of the relationship between the dynamics of valve function and the problems existing with the current valve prostheses. Keywords: mechanical valve prostheses; tissue valve prostheses; functional evaluation; thrombo embolic complications; leaflet disintegration; dynamic stresses and valve failure
Evaluation of salt tolerance in cowpea at seedling stage

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is a nutrient-dense diploid legume species (2n=2x=22) that provides protein to human. Its cultivation has provided farmers in various regions of the world with substantial incomes. However, cowpea production can be easily hampered by abiotic stresses such as soil salinity. In this study, we aimed to screen 331 cowpea genotypes from more than 32 countries for their tolerance to salt stress, to investigate potential correlations among various traits investigated for salt tolerance, and to identify salt-tolerant cowpea genotypes. The cowpea genotypes were screened in a greenhouse and were irrigated with deionized water (no salt treatment) and with a solution of 200 mM NaCl (salt treatment). Data on a total of 16 traits including leaf injury score, fresh leaf biomass, and plant height were recorded. Results demonstrated (1) a large variation in salt tolerance among the cowpea genotypes, (2) high correlation between traits such as leaf injury score, leaf SPAD chlorophyll, relative tolerance index for leaf SPAD chlorophyll, and fresh leaf biomass, but no correlation between leaf injury and relative tolerance index for plant height, (3) PI300173, 09-671, PI583209, PI582572, PI293545, PI339587, PI152195, PI582874, 09-529, PI583241, PI583550, PI293486, PI582823, PI293480, PI583237, 09-470, PI582474, PI582878, PI582864, PI583200, PI339603, and PI582469 were found to be salt-tolerant, and (4) country of origins could influence salt tolerance in cowpea. Salt-tolerant and salt-susceptible genotypes were repeated to further validate our results. The results could be used in cowpea breeding programs and allow for cowpea cultivation where soil salinity is predominant.
Learning and Teaching in Adult Education: Contemporary Theories

Learning is a key issue in education. Being familiar with contemporary learning theory, therefore, is an essential prerequisite for education scholars and practitioners alike. Virtually any educational effort involves learning, both on the part of the learner and on the part of the teacher. It seems obvious and necessary, therefore, to explore learning processes from a theoretical point of view. Fortunately, education researchers and theorists have produced a growing body of knowledge on learning and teaching in recent years. Internationally acclaimed scholars such as Peter Jarvis, Knud Illeris, or Ference Marton have provided building blocks for a contemporary outlook on learning in educational situations. This book offers an overview on the most important contributions, combining them to form a person-oriented concept of learning and teaching. From the Contents: Part One: Theories of Learning: A Field of Approaches towards the Learning of Adults Of Learning Triangles and Beyond Relational Perspectives on Learning Logical Models and Stages of Learning Comprehensive Approaches Looking Beyond One s Own Nose: Psychological Approaches and Neurosciences Part Two: The Art of Teaching. Exploring Concepts of Adult Learning to Address Didactic Challenges Didactics and Didactic Models Reflections on Learning Time, Person, Lifeworld: Cornerstones of Didactic Theory. (Verlag)
Larval and Larval Case Morphology of Hyposmocoma Species (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae), With a Discussion on Adaptations to Larval Case-Bearing Locomotion

ABSTRACT Terrestrial invasions of the aquatic environment are evolutionarily rare and involve significant morphological and behavioral adaptations. The Hawaiian endemic moth genus Hyposmocoma have truly amphibious larvae, and the genus has several convergent examples of adaptations to an aquatic environment. The study of a terrestrial species, Hyposmocoma ochrociliata Walsingham, and an aquatic species, Hyposmocoma kahamanoa Schmitz and Rubinoff, provides a template for understanding how general larval morphology, including chaetotaxy, exterior larval friction pads, thoracic legs, and extrinsic leg musculature, might impact significant ecological adaptations in the genus. The case diversity of Hyposmocoma is summarized and a detailed study of the burrito and cone type cases is discussed. The general larval morphology between the two studied species is not large, and we observed only slight differences in chaetotaxy, friction pad location, and thoracic sclerotizations. We suggest that the differences in fr...
The Aviation Safety Commission: A Task Force Approach to the Evaluation of Large Technical Systems

In 1986, Congress created an independent presidential commission to study aviation safety and make recommendations to Congress and the president by 18 April 1988. The Aviation Safety Commission was to study a large technical system in a politically charged environment.
Uma pedra de esperança: a fé profética, o liberalismo e a morte das leis Jim Crow

While most liberals believed that education and economic development would wear down racial prejudice, black civil rights leaders believed - like the ancient hebrew prophets - that the natural tendency of society was towards corruption. Prophetic inspiration helped black leaders generate unprecedented solidarity and self-sacrifice among black southern masses, whose movement resembled a religious revival - with far more determination than either their northern liberal allies or their white southern enemies.