cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A study of the effect of precipitated austenite on the fracture of a ferritic cryogenic steel

The effect of precipitated austenite on the fracture of an Fe-8Ni-2Mn-0. 1Ti steel was investigated. The study attempted to correlate microstructure, mechanical properties, and the fracture surface appearance of specimens heat treated to contain austenite or to be austenite free. The fracture surfaces were quantitatively studied using a 3D imaging technique in the SEM. It was found that the presence of austenite had a beneficial influence of lowering the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature. Part of this decrease was found to be due to the austenite gettering deleterious elements off the grain boundaries. Specimens that contained precipitated austenite were also found to have a smaller median facet size, when fractured in a brittle transgranular mode, than specimens with no austenite. The smaller facet size is shown to be associated with a decrease in ductile-to-brittle temperature.
Psychophysiological Effects of Toxic Chemical Contamination Exposure: A Community Field Study

The present study evaluated the psychophysiological impact of an environmental stressor—potential health threats to residents due to chronic exposure to toxic chemical contamination. Residents of a community exposed to this toxic contamination were compared with residents in a demographically matched community not exposed to such contamination. A battery of self-report. performance, and physiological measures were administered to residents in these two communities. Results demonstrated that residents of the contaminated community exhibited significantly more symptoms of stress (greater self-report indices, poorer task performance, and higher diastolic blood pressure levels) relative to residents in the comparison community. Such findings indicate that these exposure-community residents are being significantly impacted by this environmental stressor.
The endogenous metabolism of Fibrobacter succinogenes and its relationship to cellobiose transport, viability and cellulose digestion

Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 digested ballmilled cellulose at a rapid rate (0.10 h−1), but there was a long lag time if the culture was not transferred daily. WhenF. succinogenes was starved for 100h, a large fraction of the cells (>30%) still bound to cellulose, but the lag time was 150h. The lag time was similar for either cellulose- or cellobiose-grown inocula, and lag times were highly correlated (r2 = 0.91) with a decrease in viable cell number. The number of viable cells declined from 108 to 106 in the first 30h of starvation, and by 72h the viable cell number was less than 103/ml. Cells growing exponentially on cellobiose had a large pool of polysaccharide, and continuous culture experiments indicated that polysaccharide accumulation was not significantly influenced by the growth rate of the culture (approximately 0.7 mg polysaccharide mg−1 protein). When the cellobiose was depleted, cellular polysaccharide decreased at first order rate of 0.09 h−1. The rate of endogenous metabolism was initially 0.08mg polysaccharide mg−1 protein h−1, and there was little decline in viability until the rate of endogenous metabolism was less than 0.01 mg polysaccharide mg−1 protein h−1. When the rate was less than 0.01 mg polysaccharide mg−1 protein h−1, the cells could not maintain a sodium gradient, transport cellobiose or grow. The endogenous metabolic rate needed for cell survival was 20 fold less than the maintenance energy of cells growing in continuous culture (0.01 versus 0.232mg carbohydrate mg−1 protein h−1).
The largest wind ripples on Earth: COMMENT

The dominance of aeolian features on the surface of Mars requires a better understanding of potential terrestrial analogs to provide constraints on models of origin. In his timely article, [Milana (2009)][1] describes the largest wind ripples on Earth from the Puna plateau of Argentina. Inverting
Indomethacin and meclofenamate potentiation of skeletal muscle active hyperemia

Abstract The effects of indomethacin and meclofenamate on active hyperemia following sustained, maximal isometric contractions were studied in free-flowing dog gracilis muscles. Muscles were stimulated to contract in situ for 1, 4, 7, and 10 s durations in the absence and presence of indomethacin (62.5 μg/ml blood), meclofenamate (50 μg/ml blood), or appropriate vehicles. Drugs were administered by continuous intra-arterial infusion into the muscle. Cyclo-oxygenase inhibition was verified by intra-arterial injection of arachidonic acid. Resting vascular conductance decreased by 28% with meclofenamate but not with indomethacin. Meclofenamate and indomethacin increased active hyperemia excess flows by 49% and 101%, respectively, following 10 s of contraction. These results differ markedly from previous studies. We suggest that non-specific actions of both drugs, unrelated to their effect on prostaglandin synthesis, result in potentiation of normal vasodilator responses to muscle contraction.
Nuclear structure study of states in 72Ge and 74Ge with (p, t) reactions

Abstract 74, 76 Ge(p, t) measurements at E p = 35.4 MeV are reported. It is found that, except for a depression of the 72 Ge ground-state energy accompanying the occurrence of a low-lying 0 + excited state, the energy level structure of 72 Ge is nearly identical to that of 74 Ge. Dependence of angular distribution shapes at low angles on the transferred neutron configuration is observed, both experimentally and in the DWBA calculations.
Structure of the second domain of the Bacillus subtilis DEAD-box RNA helicase YxiN.

The Bacillus subtilis RNA helicase YxiN is a modular three-domain protein. The first two domains form a conserved helicase core that couples an ATPase activity to an RNA duplex-destabilization activity, while the third domain recognizes a stem-loop of 23S ribosomal RNA with high affinity and specificity. The structure of the second domain, amino-acid residues 207–368, has been solved to 1.95 A resolution, revealing a parallel αβ-fold. The crystallographic asymmetric unit contains two protomers; superposition shows that they differ substantially in two segments of peptide that overlap the conserved helicase sequence motifs V and VI, while the remainder of the domain is isostructural. The conformational variability of these segments suggests that induced fit is intrinsic to the recognition of ligands (ATP and RNA) and the coupling of the ATPase activity to conformational changes.
Intraoperative Conversion from Endoscopic to Open Transcortical-Transventricular Removal of Colloid Cysts as a Salvage Procedure

Objective: To describe the transcortical-transventricular as an intraoperative salvage procedure and its effect of operative time and outcome. Methods: Thirty-three patients were included in the study. Twenty patients had an endoscopic operation, five had a transcortical-transventricular approach, and eight underwent an interhemispheric approach for resection. Based on common cyst location in the roof of the third ventricle, we propose a simple classification of surgical operative zones based on relationships defined by the anterior column of the fornix, the septal vein, and the medial atrial vein. Results: Complete capsule removal was achieved in 35% of endoscopic operations, 100% of transcortical-transventricular operations, and 63% of the interhemispheric operations. Operative time was 176 minutes for endoscopic operations, whereas the operative time for cases that converted to the transcortical-transventricular approach was 190 minutes (p=0.39). Conclusion: A surgical-based classification of zones within the roof of the third ventricle that can be accessed with microsurgical techniques is proposed. Both endoscopic and microsurgical cyst aspiration and excision remain options. We believe that younger patients, patients with large cysts that fill the third ventricle, or those with recurrence after prior treatment would benefit from open transcortical excision as a safe and effective operative approach using modern image-guided systems. Consent was formally obtained or waived for all subjects present within this study.
The risk of melanoma in association with long-term exposure to PUVA.

Abstract Background: Oral methoxsalen (psoralen) and ultraviolet A radiation (PUVA) is a highly effective therapy for psoriasis and many other skin conditions. It is carcinogenic. Previously we reported an increased risk of melanoma that first emerged 15 years after first treatment. Objective: Our purpose is to present additional data concerning the associations of previous exposure to PUVA, the passage of time, and the risk of malignant melanoma. Methods: We have prospectively studied a cohort of 1380 patients first treated with PUVA in 1975 and 1976. We have documented the occurrence of melanoma and in this report compare the observed and expected incidence of melanoma in this cohort, particularly melanomas developing since our earlier report (ie, after March 1996). Results: Since 1975, 23 patients have developed 26 invasive or in situ cutaneous melanomas. In an average of 2.25 years since our last report, we detected 7 additional invasive melanomas (incidence rate ratio, 8.4; 95% confidence interval, 3.4-17.3). Conclusion: Beginning 15 years after first exposure to PUVA, an increased risk of melanoma is observed in our cohort of PUVA-treated patients. This risk is greater in patients exposed to high doses of PUVA, appears to be increasing with the passage of time, and should be considered in determining the risks and benefits of this therapy. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44:755-61.)
AstroLIT: enabling simulation-based microarchitecture comparison between Intel® and Transmeta designs

While the out-of-order engine has been the mainstream micro-architecture-design paradigm to achieve high performance, Transmeta took a different approach using dynamic binary translation (BT). To enable detailed comparison of these two radically different processor-design approaches, it is natural to leverage well-established simulation-based methodologies. However, BT-based processor designs pose new challenges to standard sampling-based simulation methodologies. This paper describes these challenges, and it also introduces the AstroLIT methodology to address them.
Neurod6 expression defines new retinal amacrine cell subtypes and regulates their fate

This study demonstrates the existence of a novel retinal narrow-field amacrine cell subtype that is neither GABAergic nor glycinergic. These cells arise from a late-born glycinergic population and are specified by expression of the transcription factor Neurod6.
Inhibition of the UV induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in ICR-2A frog cells by pretreatment with γ-rays

Abstract Exposure of ICR-2A cells to UV induced the formation of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs). However, pretreatment of UV-irradiated cells with γ-rays resulted in a reduction in the level of SCEs. This effect was observed over a range of UV fluences (1–5 J/m2) and γ-ray doses (50–500 rad). In addition, the deprassion of UV-induced SCEs was greatest when the UV treatment was performed within 3 h after γ-irradiation. At later times the level of SCEs approached that of cells exposed only to UV.
Stromelysin-3 suppresses tumor cell apoptosis in a murine model.

Stromelysin-3 (STR-3) is a matrix metalloproteinase with a unique pattern of expression and substrate specificity. During embryogenesis and remodeling of normal adult tissues, STR-3 is produced by stromal cells in direct contact with epithelial cells undergoing regional apoptosis and selective cell survival. STR-3 is also overexpressed by interdigitating stromal cells in primary epithelial malignancies. Although STR-3 does not degrade classic extracellular matrix components, the enzyme promotes the establishment of local tumors in nude mice by as yet undefined mechanisms. STR-3 is induced when malignant epithelial cells come into contact with surrounding stromal elements; the active stromal cell-derived 45 kDa enzyme is subsequently processed to a 35 kDa protein without enzymatic activity. We have generated MCF-7 transfectants expressing wild type or catalytically inactive 45 kDa STR-3 (STR-3wt and STR-3cat-) or secreted 35 kDa STR-3 (35 kDa STR-3sec) and evaluated their implantation and survival in nude mice. Tumors developed significantly more rapidly in animals receiving STR-3wt, rather than vector-only, STR-3cat- or 35 kDa STR-3sec transfectants. Most importantly, STR-3wt tumors had a significantly lower percentage of apoptotic cells than tumors derived from vector-only, STR-3cat- or 35 kDa STR-3sec transfectants. Taken together, these studies suggest that the active STR-3 enzyme may increase tumor take by suppressing tumor cell apoptosis and that 45 kDa to 35 kDa STR-3 processing limits STR-3 activity at the tumor/stromal interface. Because STR-3 is secreted as an active enzyme rather than a proform, subsequent 45 kDa to 35 kDa STR-3 processing may represent a novel mechanism for regulating enzymatic activity. J. Cell. Biochem. 82: 549-555, 2001. fl 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Metabolic engineering to increase isoflavone biosynthesis in soybean seed

Isoflavone levels in Glycine max (soybean) were increased via metabolic engineering of the complex phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway. Phenylpropanoid pathway genes were activated by expression of the maize C1 and R transcription factors in soybean seed, which decreased genistein and increased the daidzein levels with a small overall increase in total isoflavone levels. Cosuppression of flavanone 3-hydroxylase to block the anthocyanin branch of the pathway, in conjunction with C1/R expression, resulted in higher levels of isoflavones. The combination of transcription factor-driven gene activation and suppression of a competing pathway provided a successful means of enhancing accumulation of isoflavones in soybean seed.
Correlated Responses in Some Economic Traits from Selection for Fast and Slow Hatching

Abstract Two strains of White Leghorns which had been selected for hatching time so that they differed by 48 hr in the average time required for incubation were studied to determine if correlated genetic responses to the selection for hatching time had occurred. Significant differences between the fast and slow hatching lines were observed for average embryo weight and embryo length from three to 14 days of incubation. Significant differences between the selected lines were also observed for chick weight on day of hatch, at 25 days after die start of incubation and at three and six weeks of age. The correlated responses observed were asymmetrical because for most measures the response was a reduction of weight or length in the slow hatching line, with no significant changes from the control line in the fast hatching line. No changes which could be considered correlated genetic responses were observed for age at first egg or in rate of lay. Both selected lines matured at significantly later ages and laid at higher rates than the control line.
A Mixed Bag The Supreme Court’s Ruling on the ADEA and Disparate Impact

In Smith v. City of Jackson, Mississippi (2005), the U.S. Supreme Court held that employees may bring disparate impact claims under the Age Discrimination inEmploymentAct(ADEA). Asaresult, olderwor...
Ribosome loading, but not protein synthesis is required for estrogen stabilization of Xenopus laevis vitellogenin mRNA

We have examined the effect of protein synthesis and of ribosome loading on the estrogen-mediated stabilization of hepatic Xenopus laevis vitellogenin mRNA. Removal of estradiol-17 beta from the culture medium, which destabilizes vitellogenin mRNA, does not alter the density of ribosomes on polysomal vitellogenin mRNA, or change the proportion of vitellogenin mRNA associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. Cycloheximide, which inhibits elongation, without changing the density of ribosomes on vitellogenin mRNA, does not block estrogen-mediated stabilization. In contrast, 2-(4-methyl-2,6-dinitroanilino)-N-methylpropionamide, (MDMP), which inhibits initiation, greatly reduces the density of ribosomes on vitellogenin mRNA, and completely blocks estrogen-mediated stabilization. Vitellogenin mRNA in MDMP treated cells is degraded at a rate similar to that seen when untreated cells are transferred from medium containing estrogen to estrogen-free medium. This suggests that a ribosome-associated degradative system may not be responsible for vitellogenin mRNA degradation. The failure of estrogen to stabilize vitellogenin mRNA in MDMP-treated cells is not due to the release of vitellogenin mRNA from the endoplasmic reticulum. Vitellogenin mRNA in MDMP-treated cells remains associated with the endoplasmic reticulum in small polysomes containing 3-5 ribosomes. These data demonstrate that maintaining a high density of ribosomes on vitellogenin mRNA, but not continuing protein synthesis, is necessary for estrogen-mediated stabilization of vitellogenin mRNA.
Multiplexed imaging by means of optically generated Kronecker products: 1. The basic concept.

A technique for multiplexed imaging is described. By using mask combinations, this technique requires far fewer encoding masks to generate the same number of masking operations than do more traditional approaches. It is also theoretically capable of higher optical throughput efficiencies. The method is readily adaptable to new image geometries and to applications in multispectral imaging.
Memantine Protects Rats Treated with Intrathecal Methotrexate from Developing Spatial Memory Deficits

Purpose: To test whether memantine can prevent methotrexate-induced cognitive deficits in a preclinical model. Experimental Design: After noting that methotrexate exposure induces prolonged elevations of the glutamate analog homocysteic acid (HCA) within cerebrospinal fluid, we tested whether intrathecal injection of HCA would produce memory deficits similar to those observed after intrathecal methotrexate. We then tested whether memantine, an antagonist of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) subclass of glutamate receptors, could protect animals treated with clinically relevant doses of intrathecal methotrexate against developing memory deficits. Finally, we asked whether memantine affected this pathway beyond inhibiting the NMDA receptor by altering expression of the NMDA receptor or affecting concentrations of HCA or glutamate within the central nervous system. Results: Four intrathecal doses of methotrexate induced deficits in spatial memory, persisting at least one month following the final injection. Intrathecal HCA was sufficient to reproduce this deficit. Concurrent administration of memantine during the period of methotrexate exposure was protective, decreasing the incidence of methotrexate-induced spatial memory deficits from 56% to 20% ( P Conclusions: Excitotoxic glutamate analogs including HCA contribute to cognitive deficits observed after intrathecal methotrexate. Memantine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, reduces the incidence of cognitive deficits in rats treated with intrathecal methotrexate, and may therefore benefit patients with cancer receiving similar treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 19(16); 4446–54. ©2013 AACR .
Bit-splitting for testability enhancement in scan-based design

A new design for testability technique, the bit-splitting for testability enhancement in scan-based design, is presented. The idea is to split some inputs into two independent variables to make the original circuit more controllable and thus more testable. Theoretical study and experiments with two-level circuits indicate that this method can easily provide 100% Single-Path-Sensitization Path Delay Fault Testability (SPDFT). Fault coverage can also be improved for the multi-level circuits and when constrained transformations are used, multi-level circuit can also be made 100% SPDFT. >
Temperature compensation of silicon micromechanical resonators via degenerate doping

We report on the degenerate doping of a silicon resonator as a new method for reducing its temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF). This is the first TCF reduction technique reported till date that takes advantage of free charge carrier effects on the elastic constants of silicon. The TCF of silicon bulk acoustic resonators (SiBAR) are reduced from −29 ppm/°C to −1.5 ppm/°C on 5 µm thick devices using degenerate boron doping and to −2.72 ppm/°C on 20 µm thick devices using boron-assisted aluminum doping while maintaining a high quality factor (Q) of 28000 in vacuum.
Live attenuated Shigella dysenteriae type 1 vaccine strains overexpressing shiga toxin B subunit.

ABSTRACT Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (S. dysenteriae 1) is unique among the Shigella species and serotypes in the expression of Shiga toxin which contributes to more severe disease sequelae and the ability to cause explosive outbreaks and pandemics. S. dysenteriae 1 shares characteristics with other Shigella species, including the capability of causing clinical illness with a very low inoculum (10 to 100 CFU) and resistance to multiple antibiotics, underscoring the need for efficacious vaccines and therapeutics. Following the demonstration of the successful attenuating capacity of deletion mutations in the guaBA operon in S. flexneri 2a vaccine strains in clinical studies, we developed a series of S. dysenteriae 1 vaccine candidates containing the fundamental attenuating mutation in guaBA. All strains are devoid of Shiga toxin activity by specific deletion of the gene encoding the StxA subunit, which encodes enzymatic activity. The StxB subunit was overexpressed in several derivatives by either plasmid-based constructs or chromosomal manipulation to include a strong promoter. All strains are attenuated for growth in vitro in the HeLa cell assay and for plaque formation and were safe in the Sereny test and immunogenic in the guinea pigs. Each strain induced robust serum and mucosal anti-S. dysenteriae 1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) responses and protected against wild-type challenge. Two strains engineered to overexpress StxB induced high titers of Shiga toxin neutralizing antibodies. These candidates demonstrate the potential for a live attenuated vaccine to protect against disease caused by S. dysenteriae 1 and potentially to protect against the toxic effects of other Shiga toxin 1-expressing pathogens.
A Wireless Tactile Communication System for Conveying U.S. Army Hand-Arm Signals

Combat conditions place fearsome extremes on soldier senses, rendering many traditional visual and auditory informational pathways unusable for soldier communications. To circumvent these limitatio...
Isoelectronic wavelength predictions for magnetic-dipole, electric-quadrupole, and intercombination transitions in the Mg sequence

Precise wavelength predictions are presented for the 3s3p3P1–3s3p3P2 magnetic-dipole transitions, the 3s3p3P0–3s3p3P2 electric-quadrupole transitions, and the 3s2 1S0–3s3p3P1 intercombination lines for all members of the Mg isoelectronic sequence with Z ≤ 45. Magnetic-dipole and intercombination transitions of this type have recently been observed in tokamak spectra and have applications for localized diagnostics in high-temperature plasmas. The predictions are based on interpolations and extrapolations of empirical regularities, which also provide insights into the dynamics of these atomic systems.
Development of a Clinical Prediction Rule for the Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Objectives To develop a clinical prediction rule (CPR) and to assess the reliability and diagnostic accuracy of individual clinical examination items for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Design Prospective diagnostic test study with blind comparison to a reference criterion of a compatible clinical presentation and abnormal electrophysiologic findings. Setting Multicenter medical center and community hospital with patient referrals from ambulatory primary care and specialty practice settings. Participants Eight-two consecutively referred patients (50% men; mean age, 45+/-12 y) with suspected cervical radiculopathy or CTS referred for electrophysiologic examination. Interventions Not applicable. Main outcome measures Sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios. Results The CPR identified in this study consisted of 1 question (shaking hands for symptom relief), wrist-ratio index greater than .67, Symptom Severity Scale score greater than 1.9, reduced median sensory field of digit 1, and age greater than 45 years. The likelihood ratio for the CPR was 18.3 when all 5 tests were positive. Interrater reliability was acceptable for all but 2 clinical examination items. Conclusions The CPR identified was more useful for the diagnosis of CTS than any single test item and resulted in posttest probability changes of up to 56%. Further investigation is required both to validate the test-item cluster and to improve point-estimate precision.
Visual evoked potentials at, above, and below two-flash thresholds

The present study is concerned with relating the effects of varying interstimulus interval (ISI) values on visually evoked potentials (VEPs) for pairs of light flashes, where both light flashes have equal luminance values. The results provide further evidence that ISI values and number of stimuli presented affect VEPs, even for equal luminance pairs of light flashes.
Role of Registries and Community Models in Developed Countries

Historically, stroke registries and other community-based databanks have played a prominent role in providing comprehensive descriptions of the epidemiology of acute stroke, including data on demographics, risk factors, clinical features, and short-term outcomes. Recently stroke registries have expanded beyond this descriptive epidemiological perspective to collect data on the quality of stroke care. The information collected in these quality-based registries allows for the tracking of best practices and the provision of evidence-based care through the monitoring of quality metrics. This chapter provides a brief summary of the broad objectives of these quality-based stroke registries and reviews the principal characteristics of several leading international registries in the developed world, including those from Sweden, the UK, Germany, the USA, Canada, European Union, and Australia. The registries cover a wide variety of different systems of care and have a wide geographical range (from regional or state-level to true national level registries).
Nursing care of infants undergoing liver tissue puncture guided by B-mode ultrasound

Objective:To explore the nursing cooperation and nursing countermeasures for infants undergoing liver tissue puncture guided by B-mode ultrasound.Methods:Twenty-four infants undergoing the liver tissue puncture guided by B-mode ultrasound were closely observed before and after operation and effective nursing countermeasures were taken.Results:There was no complication happened in those infants.Conclusion:The key to prevent the complication after liver tissue punture guided by B-mode ultrasound is sufficient preparation before operation,accurate intraoperative cooperation,close observation and careful nursing care after operation.
Coronary artery disease: Sex-related differences in CAD and plaque characteristics.

Sex has an important role in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Results from the PROMISE trial highlight the influence of sex on presentation characteristics, diagnostic testing, and subsequent cardiac events among patients with suspected CAD. Differences in plaque characteristics among patients with stable CAD have also been suggested.
Cutaneous Micrographic Surgery

Cutaneous micrographie surgery (CMS) is a highly effective method of treating cutaneous malignancy. With high cure rates and conservative removal of normal tissue, CMS is the treatment of choice for cutaneous malignancies that are difficult to treat. Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas that are large, recurrent, or in high-risk locations; that have unfavorable histologies; or that have been treated previously with other modalities should be considered for treatment with CMS.
Inducing Enterprise Knowledge Flows

The knowledge-based organization appears to offer great promise in terms of performance and capability. Indeed, many researchers are actively working to understand how organizational strategy, structure and technology can be combined and integrated to harness the competitive power of knowledge. However, knowledge is not evenly distributed through the organization, so rapid and efficient knowledge flow is critical to enterprise performance. This chapter builds upon the current state of the art pertaining to knowledge flow, and it develops a model to help induce the flow of knowledge through an organization. Because of the time-critical nature of most knowledge work in the modern enterprise, we focus in particular on knowledge dynamics, to enable rapid and efficient flow, and to help the enterprise become more knowledge-based. Using a global manufacturing firm as an example to illustrate how the knowledge-flow model provides practical guidance, we identify knowledge elements that are critical to effective performance in an unpredictable, dynamic business environment, and we use the multidimensional model to illustrate how to identify specific knowledge flows required for success. Further analysis This chapter appears in the book, Creating Knowledge Based Organizations, edited by Jatinder N.D. Gupta and Sushil K. Sharma. Copyright © 2004, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033-1240, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.idea-group.com IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING
Armour of the English Knight, 1400–1450

In his Preface, Dr. Tobias Capwell, now Curator of Arms and Armour at London’s Wallace Collection, refers to this project as his ‘big book.’ Armour of the English Knight certainly is a big book, la...
Maize (Zea mays) Hi-II Transformation via Agrobacterium-Mediated T-DNA Transfer

Genetic transformation of maize via Agrobacterium tumefaciens is still more art than science, with different researchers achieving substantially different transformation results. This article describes our advanced Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system in Hi-II maize. The system utilizes simple binary vectors and immature embryos for the transformation, employing the bar gene as a plant selectable marker in combination with bialaphos for subsequent culture selection. The transformation process is efficient and highly reproducible. Certain inbred maize lines can also be transformed with some modification of the system. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
One Solution to Improve the Confidentiality of Customer's Private Business Data in SaaS Model

One common feature in SaaS (Software as a Service) business model is that the customer's private business data is hosted by the service provider. This causes a problem to SMB (Small and Medium Business) consumers: it is hard to guarantee the confidentiality of theirs private business data. This paper presents a solution to this problem: the customer's private business data are stored and protected in SMB side, and the business data is guaranteed visible only to the customer itself. Smart MSBG (Multi-Service Business Gateway) is introduced in this paper. Smart MSBG and Service Management Center are two main components to implement the service management. Every SMB customer hosts one Smart MSBG. The Smart MSBG is used to store the SMB customer private business data at customer side. The Management Center is used to manage all Smart MSBGs at service provider side. Service management operations including service subscription, service delivery, and service upgrade, service availability management can be performed through the coordination between Management Center and Smart MSBG. In this paper, we first studied the problem in current SaaS business model, and then we presented the architecture of our solution and test bed. We also described the structure of Management Center and Smart MSBG, as well as how they work together in typical service management scenarios.
Spatial half-duplex: Precoder design and experimental evaluation

In this paper, we study spatial half-duplex, where an antenna array is partitioned such that a subset of antennas is used for transmission, and others for reception in the same time and frequency. We use transmit-precoders to partition the antennas and design optimal precoders under two approaches. In one approach, precoder minimizes self-interference, for fixed downlink-rate. In another approach, precoder maximizes downlink-rate, for fixed self-interference power. For both approaches, the problems are modeled as convex programs. We characterize the performance of precoders using over-the-air channel measurements and identify the regimes in which spatial half-duplex strictly outperforms time or frequency half-duplex.
Maintaining Trust Through Active Meaning Construction

Despite the growing body of research on the importance of repairing trust when it is damaged, processes related to maintaining trust have remained largely unexamined. We argue that trust maintenanc...
When is Having a Big Heart a Problem

Cardiac enlargement is a common and important post-mortem finding. The presence of a big heart may provide a basis for determination of the mechanisms of death in an otherwise negative autopsy. In ...
Television’s “Leftover” Bachelors and Hegemonic Masculinity in Postsocialist China

ABSTRACTThis article looks at the renegotiation of Chinese masculinities by analyzing the gendered performances of participants of a popular TV dating show If You Are the One (Fei Cheng Wu Rao). As symptomatic media texts, the reality TV show points to the quandaries of evolving gender politics faced by singletons of China’s one-child generation within the country’s neoliberal restructuring. The textual evidence shows that male participants follow the rule of a market economic hierarchy and uphold the hegemonic ideal of versatile, successful, and upper-middle-class manhood, which hinges on the patriarchal, heteronormative model of love and marriage. Paradoxically, this disempowering ideal is reinforced by female participants in their relational reconstruction of masculinities. The article argues that the Chinese state media not only discipline masculinities but also naturalize a regressive gender mandate in alignment with neoliberal values and the state’s pursuit of capitalist economic development. Conseq...
Allosteric Fine-Tuning of the Binding Pocket Dynamics in the ITK SH2 Domain by a Distal Molecular Switch: An Atomistic Perspective.

Although the regulation of function of proteins by allosteric interactions has been identified in many subcellular processes, molecular switches are also known to induce long-range conformational changes in proteins. A less well understood molecular switch involving cis–trans isomerization of a peptidyl–prolyl bond could induce a conformational change directly to the backbone that is propagated to other parts of the protein. However, these switches are elusive and hard to identify because they are intrinsic to biomolecules that are inherently dynamic. Here, we explore the conformational dynamics and free energy landscape of the SH2 domain of interleukin-2-inducible T-cell or tyrosine kinase (ITK) to fully understand the conformational coupling between the distal cis–trans molecular switch and its binding pocket of the phosphotyrosine motif. We use multiple microsecond-long all-atom molecular dynamics simulations in explicit water for over a total of 60 μs. We show that cis–trans isomerization of the Asn28...
Effects of Alcohol on γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGTP)

γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase [(γ-glutamyl)-peptide:amino acid γ-glutamyl transferase, EC 2.3.2.2] is a membrane-bound glycoprotein which catalyzes the transfer of the γ-glutamyl moiety of glutathione to various peptide acceptors (Hanes et al., 1952; Rosalki, 1975). GGTP which has been isolated and studied in a wide variety of plant and animal tissues has been found in high concentrations in membrane fractions derived from tissues involved in the transport of small molecules, such as the brush border of proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney and the choroid plexus of brain (Zelazo and Orlowski, 1976; Okonwo et al., 1974). There is evidence to suggest that the enzyme is involved in the active transport of amino acids and biogenic amines across the blood-brain-barrier via the γ-glutamyl cycle (Hagenfeldt et al., 1978; Tsuji et al., 1977).
Ethics and Science in the Participatory Era: A Vignette-Based Delphi Study

Participatory researchers rely on relationship-based ethical considerations to address ethical challenges, but little is known about how these considerations shape day-to-day decision-making. We presented vignettes describing ethical dilemmas to health researchers with varying degrees of experience in participatory research in an online modified-Delphi panel. Panelists rated potential solutions to dilemmas and provided rationales for choosing solutions in text boxes and discussion boards. Panelists agreed on a preferred solution for three of five vignettes. Panelists indicated that ethical research decision-making should be inclusive of diverse perspectives. Panelists prioritized scientific goals above participatory ones and viewed tenets of scientific validity as value-free. Panelists indicated that participatory research ethics would be difficult to codify, but that vignette-based learning could support didactic objectives.
Laparoscopic resection of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Does laparoscopic surgery provide an adequate oncologic resection?

Laparoscopic resection of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Does laparoscopic surgery provide an adequate oncologic resection?
A Systematic Risk Analysis ofListed Private Equity

This study aims at dissecting the systematic risk of listed private equity (LPE) empirically through the decomposition of its beta. Instead of testing the assertion that LPE is a good proxy of unlisted private equity, the study intends to provide potential investors with better information regarding LPE’s systematic risk and to have a better reference to obtain the relevant cost of capital when evaluating individual LPE firm.
Introduction: Mobilities in Contemporary and Historical Archaeology

This collection of essays draws inspiration from current archaeological interest in the movement of individuals, things, and ideas in the recent past. Movement is fundamentally concerned with the relationship(s) among time, object, person, and space. Contemporary scholarship has highlighted the enmeshed nature of people and things (Olsen, 2010), with a particular focus on temporality as an expression of overlapping durational flows (Olivier, 2004, 2008). In our globalized world, archaeologists of the recent past are faced with a proliferation of movement episodes that shaped and are shaping the archaeological record (cf. Sheller & Urry, 2006).
Targeted afferent renal denervation reduces arterial pressure but not renal inflammation in established DOCA-salt hypertension in the rat

Recent preclinical studies show renal denervation (RDNx) may be an effective treatment for hypertension; however, the mechanism remains unknown. We have recently reported total RDNx (TRDNx) and aff...
Couples in Love: Predictors of Heart Rate

Counselors may be unaware of the physiological underpinnings of couple relationships. Understanding emotions as physiological responses resulting from autonomic arousal, we measured couples’ heart ...
Multiple Imputation for the Fatal Accident Reporting System

SUMMARY The Fatal Accident Reporting System (FARS) is a database collected for the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) at the site of all fatal traffic accidents. Variables include location and time of accident, number and position of vehicles, age, sex and driving record of the driver, seat-belt use and blood alcohol content of the driver. The last two variables are of great interest but have substantial proportions of missing data. The NHTSA is interested in a method of imputation that allows appropriate estimates and standard errors to be computed from the filled-in data. This paper explores the use of multiple imputation based on predictive mean matching as a means of achieving these goals. Two specific methods are described and applied to a sample of the FARS data. A simulation study compares the frequency properties of the methods.
An International Comparison of the Approval of New Pharmaceuticals

In this paper we analyze differences in the timing of approval of important pharmaceuticals in France and the United States between the years 1970 and 1988. Our hypothesis is that the timing of approvals will be similar in both countries because of their similar approval processes and objectives. We analyze differences in the delays over time, by the a priori assessment by the FDA concerning a drug’s innovativeness, and by drug therapeutic category. We test the hypotheses, for example, that US approvals would be relatively fast for drugs which the FDA had initially designated as particularly innovative, and for drugs treating cardiovascular illnesses, the disease group with the highest age-adjusted mortality rate. The observation that one country consistently lagged behind the other in approving new drugs might indicate that the lagging country is either more rigorous, or perhaps less efficient, than the other.
Electrically Driven Insulator–Metal Transition-Based Devices—Part I: The Electrothermal Model and Experimental Analysis for the DC Characteristics

We present a device model for the electrically driven insulator-to-metal transition (E-IMT) that captures the essential physics in E-IMT and can be used for physical device simulations and mixed-mode simulations of circuits containing IMT elements. Aspects of the model include the temperature-dependent resistivity, Joule heating, heat transport, and the spatial and dynamic coupling of the above phenomenon. We show that the model captures the dc and transient characteristics as measured by experiments. The model points out the existence of two critical transition voltages ( ${V}_{c}$ ) under bidirectional sweep, the physical origin of this hysteresis, and correctly predicts the scaling of the critical voltage for transition ${V}_{c}$ with the device size. The models’ effectiveness as a basis for developing a mixed-mode circuit simulator is shown via comparison with experimental data for a steep-swing hybrid-field-effect transistor.
Severe hypertension, preeclampsia and small for gestational age in women with chronic hypertension diagnosed before and during pregnancy.

Abstract Objectives To compare rates of severe hypertension (SH), preeclampsia (PE) birth of small for gestational age (SGA) neonates between women with chronic hypertension (CH) diagnosed during the first trimester of pregnancy and those with pre-pregnancy CH. Study design Prospective cohort study of women with CH and singleton pregnancies referred to an Antenatal Hypertension Clinic at 8–14 weeks’ gestation. At presentation the patients were subdivided into four groups based on blood pressure (BP) control. Group 1 included women without a preceding history of CH presenting with BP of ≥140/90 mmHg (n = 86). Groups 2–4 had pre-pregnancy CH; in group 2 the BP was Main outcome measures PE, SH (BP ≥ 160/110 mmHg), SGA (birthweight Results In group 1, the rate of SH (15.1%), was similar to that in group 2 (10.5%) and group 3 (23.8%) but significantly lower than in group 4 (52.6%). In group 1, the rate of PE (12.8%) and SGA Conclusion In women diagnosed with CH in the first trimester of pregnancy, the rates of SH, PE and SGA are similar to those with pre-pregnancy CH who present with BP below 140/90 without the need for antihypertensive medication.
Personnel Safety at Magnetic Fusion Experiments

The current fusion mission needs to demonstrate that fusion experiments and fusion power plants can be operated in a safe manner for the workers, local population, and environment. This paper describes some of the present issues and some solutions for personnel safety in magnetic fusion environments. Ionizing radiation, magnetic field exposure, chemical exposure, and radio frequency energy exposure are addressed. The present personnel protection limits are given and historical bases are used to speculate on the future of personnel protection limits as fusion research advances from experiments to the fusion power plants in the next decades.
Pursuing the Dream: A 50-Year Perspective on American Society, Technology, and Inclusion in Computing

Rapid and dramatic demographic and technological changes require our nation's schools, colleges, and universities to work with agility in preparing students - particularly those from diverse backgrounds - for careers in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields, including computer science. Exploring the interplay of technology, education, and inclusion over the past 50 years, Dr. Hrabowski examines what this means for our future work in higher education. Computing education provides a critically important case. As the sector evolves rapidly, many well-paid jobs go unfilled and we must explore ways to draw on talent wherever it is found. Emphasizing themes from his TED talk on student success, Dr. Hrabowski focuses our attention on the importance of high expectations and hard work, building community among students, faculty engagement with students, and rigorous assessment of what works. He assesses the way innovative approaches - including course re-design, active and experiential learning, research, and partnerships with companies and agencies - promote student success, inclusive excellence, and achievement for all students both in STEM generally and computer science in particular.
To Count and be Counted: A Response to Professor Levinson

This Essay deepens the discussion Professor Levinson began in his lecture for the Richard J. Childress Memorial Lecture at SLU Law, Who Counts?. Professor Levinson explored the question of who counts as a member of the US community, and who gets to decide who counts. Inevitably, given our history of exclusion on the basis of race and sex, questions about belonging and race and sex form a central part of the current debate. Labeling a person with a race and sex presupposes the questions of what makes a person a certain race or sex? This essay explores what identity might mean and some consequences of grouping individuals based on their identity. Going beyond Professor Levinson’s discussion of the political effects of counting, this Essay explores other ways we count and are counted, such as by corporations and businesses, and as property owners . We have the capability of being counting and counting others. What if, instead of defining a community as an aggregate of individuals, we defined community by shared commitments, resulting in a community’s inability to exclude others?
Introduction to Non-Diophantine Number Theory

In the 19 th century, non-Euclidean geometries were discovered and studied. In the 20th century, non-Diophantine arithmetics were discovered and studied. Construction of non-Diophantine arithmetics is based on more general mathematical structures, which are called abstract prearithmetics, as well as on the projectivity relation between abstract prearithmetics. In a similar way, as set theory gives a foundation for mathematics, the theory of abstract prearithmetics provides foundations for the theory of the Diophantine and non-Diophantine arithmetics. In this paper, we use abstract prearithmetics for developing fundamentals of non-Diophantine number theory, which can be also called non-Diophantine higher arithmetic as the conventional number theory is called higher arithmetic. In particular, we prove the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic for a wide range of abstract prearithmetics.
Thermoelectrics with a twist.

Inducing a topological phase transition by applying pressure is shown to be a successful strategy for improving the performance of thermoelectric materials.