cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SIMULATION OF FLUID–STRUCTURE INTERACTION USING PATCHED-OVERSET GRIDS

Abstract The simulation of dynamic fluid–structure interaction has historically presented several challenges when computed on patched grid systems. Traditionally, the structures are static or constrained to predefined motions, as with a piston. However, overset grid methods, in the context of patched grid systems, provide a vehicle for simulating truly dynamic fluid–structure response and interaction for geometrically complex objects. Presented here is a new method for the simulation of dynamic fluid–structure interaction based on patched-overset grid systems, which allows for the coupled dynamics of the problem to define the movement of fluid and structure.
Comparison of controller tuning methods for temperature uniformity control in a rapid thermal processor

Multiloop PI control and quadratic dynamic matrix control (QDMC) algorithms are applied for the temperature uniformity control of rapid thermal processing (RTP). Input and output variable transformations are done based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the process gain matrix and the (mu) -interaction measure analysis of compensated transfer function matrix. Multiloop PI control with transformation of variables shows improvement in transient responses to set point changes compared with the multiloop PI control without variable transformations and QDMC. Further studies on systematic tuning method for this multiloop PI control is needed to reduce the offsets and to obtain the uniform transient responses.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Reliability and Validity of Self- and Other- Ratings of Symptoms of ADHD in Adults

Objective: Few studies have examined concordance between raters of ADHD symptoms in adults; there is less information on how well rating scales function in distinguishing adult ADHD from other disorders. This study examined these variables using the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS). Method: The sample included 349 adults evaluated for attention problems. Correlations and kappa values were calculated using self- and observer-ratings of item-level symptoms; sensitivity, specificity, and discriminant validity of cluster scores in predicting clinician diagnoses were computed for 269 participants. Results: Item-level concordance rates ranged from slight to fair. Cluster scores demonstrated a poor balance of sensitivity and specificity in predicting ADHD diagnosis; a high percentage of participants with internalizing disorders had scores in the clinical range. Conclusion: Selfand observer- ratings on the CAARS provide clinically relevant data about attention problems in adults, but the instrument does not effectively distinguish between ADHD and other adult psychiatric disorders. (J. of Att. Dis. 2010; XX(X) 1-XX)
Program-Integrated Information Literacy (PIIL) in a Hospital's Nursing Department: A Practical Model

This article provides a systematic description of a strategy to integrate information literacy into programs that support professional development in hospitals' nursing departments. Four phases are explained: preparatory, planning, implementation, and evaluation. It suggests that librarians must go beyond the basic one-time instruction workshops to a collaborative model working with nursing management so that nurses and nursing students will use information resources as part of their learning process and obtain the needed skills to be information literate, users of evidence-based information, and life-long learners. The literature reviews the concept of informatics in nursing practice and some of the different programs set up to acquire information literacy competencies.
Cu complexation by organic ligands in the sub-arctic NW Pacific and Bering Sea

Abstract Cu speciation was characterized at three stations in the sub arctic NW Pacific and Bering Sea using cathodic stripping voltammetry with the competing ligands benzoylacetone and salicylaldoxime. A single ligand model was fit to the titration data, yielding concentrations throughout the water column of ∼3–4 nM, and conditional stability constants ranging from 10 12.7 to 10 14.1 , this range being partly due to the choice of competing ligand. Free Cu 2+ in surface waters was 2–4×10 −14 M, in close agreement with values reported by previous workers in the NE Pacific using anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). However, those results showed that complexation by strong organic ligands becomes unimportant below 200–300 m, while our data indicated Cu is strongly complexed to depths as great as 3000 m. Free Cu 2+ concentrations in surface waters reported here and in previous work are close to the threshold value where Cu can limit the acquisition of Fe by phytoplankton.
Failure of dehydroepiandrosterone to influence energy and protein metabolism in humans.

It was reported recently that 4 weeks of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) treatment [5.55 mmol/day (1600 mg/day), orally] reduced body fat and increased lean body mass in healthy men. The present study was performed to examine whether these effects could be explained by increased energy expenditure and muscle protein synthesis. Eight healthy men were given placebo and DHEA (1600 mg/day) for 4 weeks each in a double blind cross-over study. DHEA treatment caused a 9- fold increase in mean plasma DHEA sulfate concentrations, but had no significant effect on body weight or on two indices of lean body mass (total body water and total body potassium). DHEA had no effect on any of the parameters of energy and protein metabolism, including resting metabolic rate, total energy expenditure (estimated by the 2H2 18O method during the final 2 weeks of each treatment period), leucine flux (an index of whole body proteolysis), the nonoxidized portion of leucine flux (an index of whole body protein synthesis), and the rate...
Selection of American hazelnut as a potential oilseed crop

Development of perennial oilseed crops for the Lakes States region of the United States would provide another crop opportunity for farmers, while improving ecosystem services from agricultural lands. In order to effectively select hazelnut (Corylus americana Marsh.) genotypes from existing wild populations, we needed to know at least three parameters: (1) measures for indirect assessment of yield, (2) between and within population genetic variability, (3) fatty acid characteristics of the nuts. American hazelnut populations at 21 sites were screened for high-yielding plants. Yield component analysis was used to determine the relationship of specific component of yield (nut clusters/m2, nuts/cluster, mass in-shell/nut, mass of nutmeat/mass in-shell) to yield of nutmeat/m2. Nut clusters/m2 explained the majority of the variation in yield of nutmeat/m2. Ten microsatellite loci were used to determine the within and between population variation. The majority of the variance was between individuals within populations. Fatty acid profiles were determined for a subset of high-producing plants. Hazelnut oil is predominantly oleic acid. The fatty acid profiles do not vary greatly between individual plants, although linoleic acid is the most open to selection.
Age-dependent changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in cattle: a longitudinal study.

Abstract Immunofluorescence and flow cytometric analyses were used to study the age-dependent changes in the peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) subpopulations in cattle. Four healthy Holstein heifer calves (A, B, C and D), 1–2 months of age, were used in this study. Sequential peripheral blood samples were collected once a month for up to 2–2.5 years, and once at approximately 4 years of age. For the first 6 months of age, the calves had similar proportions of CD2 + , CD4 + , CD8 + T lymphocytes, CD20 + B lymphocytes and MHC class II + lymphocytes. From 2 months of age up to 2–2.5 years of age, all animals had similar proportions of CD5 + cells; but during the same period, animals A and B had significantly lower proportions of WC1 + γδ T cells than animals C and D. After 7 months of age, however, the proportions of CD2 + , CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in PBL of animals A and B significantly decreased, whereas the proportions of both CD20 + B lymphocytes and MHC class II + lymphocytes significantly increased. In contrast, the proportions of the various PBL subpopulations in animals C and D remained virtually unchanged after 7 months of age. For the first 6 months of age, all the calves showed similar absolute counts of PBL. Thereafter, the absolute counts of PBL in animals A and B significantly increased, but remained virtually unchanged in animals C and D. Throughout the study, from 1–2 months up to 2–2.5 years of age the absolute counts of CD2 + , CD4 + , CD8 + and WC1 + γδ T cells in PBL of the four animals were not significantly different from each other. Up to 6 months of age, the CD4 + / CD8 + ratio in all calves was 2.38 ± 0.46, but significantly decreased thereafter to 1.81 ± 0.34. However, there were no significant differences in the CD 4 + CD 8 + ratios among individual animals. The increase in the absolute counts of PBL in animals A and B, after 7 months of age, was due to an increase in the absolute counts of CD5 + cells, CD20 + B lymphocytes and MHC class II + lymphocytes. Thus, changes in the percent, but not the absolute counts of T lymphocytes, were due to high percent and absolute counts of B lymphocytes, expressing the CD5 and MHC class II antigens.
Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging system in a combined ultrasound and near-infrared imager

We have introduced a three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound imaging system for use in a combined ultrasound and near-infrared (NIR) imager for breast imaging. Compared with commercial ultrasound scanners which can only provide a single 2-D cross-section image at one scan, this 3-D system can provide 3-D co-registered ultrasound images for constraining regions of interest for 3-D NIR imaging reconstruction at one scan. The 3-D high-resolution ultrasound system consists of a state-of-the-art 1.75D ultrasound array of 1280 elements manufactured by Tetrad Inc. We have developed corresponding circuitry to drive the 1.75D array. The circuitry consists of 1280 parallel transmission channels, a 1280-to-40 multiplexer and 40 parallel receiving/data acquisition channels. A Texas Instrument DSP board has been embedded to speed up on-board data processing. We have tested the 3-D ultrasound imaging system with a 3-D ultrasound calibration phantom.
Conditioned changes of synaptic transmission in the motor cortex of the cat.

Intracellular recordings were made from 117 neurons in the motor cortex of anesthetized cats. The pyramidal tract (PT) and VL nucleus of thalamus were stimulated in order to activate the neurons from two directions.
Dependence of aerosol sulfur particle size on relative humidity

Abstract Ambient aerosol particle size fractions have been sampled by cascade impactors in laboratory experiments before and after humidification by air flow over a water surface. From PIXE analyses of each fraction mass median aerodynamic diameters, MMAD, of sulfur were computed. The increase in MMAD, found in 12 experiments covering the relative humidity range 10–97%, corresponded more closely to (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 than to H 2 SO 4 as the principal sulfur species present in particles
Russian patience : a reasonable behavior and a social strategy

Le comportement du peuple Russe n'en finit pas d'etonner les observateurs nationaux ou etrangers. Aux prises avec une deterioration abrupte des conditions de vie en 1992-1993 et alors qu'en de pareilles circonstances de nombreux peuples se seraient manisfestes par des mouvements de masse, greves ou autres rebellions, les Russes font preuve d'une patience surprenante. Alors que les faits ont fait mentir les theories qui prevoyaient des actions collectives a breve echeance, l'A. examine et emet egalement diverses hypotheses proposant d'expliquer les causes de cette apathie politique. Certaines notions se degagent comme une passivite heritee du systeme sovietique ou une forte capacite d'adaptation, meme negative. Il n'ecarte pas la menace d'un retour a une dictature a travers laquelle la passivite collective trouverait un exutoire
Low yield and utilization of confirmatory testing in a cohort of patients with liver disease assessed for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.

Background Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is often evaluated in patients with liver disease of unknown etiology.
Discrimination of lithium and sodium chloride solutions by rats

Earlier workers found that rats could not discriminate between equimolar lithium chloride and sodium chloride solutions in either successive or simultaneous discrimination paradigms. The present studies reveal that rats can discriminate between the two solutions in a simultaneous discrimination paradigm and indicate that, in the successive situation, a high degree of stimulus generalization may be occurring rather than a failure of discrimination.
Fiber Optic Sensor Research At Texas A&M University

This paper reviews fiber optic sensor research at Texas A&M University. This research, which began in 1987, is based primarily on the fabrication of internal dielectric mirrors in continuous lengths of silica fiber by fusion splicing. Application of these internal mirrors to reflectively monitored Fabry-Perot interferometric sensors are discussed and experimental results are presented.
Hyperreninemic hypertension secondary to radiation nephritis in a child

Radiation injury to the kidney, first reported almost eighty years ago, may vary from subclinical changes in renal blood flow or enzyme activity to clinically significant hypertension and/or renal failure. A child with radiation-induced hyperreninemic hypertension was cured by nephrectomy. The microscopic, subclinical, and clinical changes of irradiation injury are reviewed. The etiology of radiation-induced hypertension, methods of radioprotection, and early detection of radiation renal damage are discussed.
Binary Collisions in the Nonrelativistic Three-Particle Problem

A method is provided whereby all the possible results of sequences of three-particle binary collisions may be calculated, given the initial velocities of the three particles. All the one-dimensional bounds on the number of collisions given by Doolen are confirmed. It is further found that only sequences of certain types are possible, the longest of which arises when the lighest particle rebounds between the two heavier particles. If in this instance, we let $\ensuremath{\theta}$ be the angle between the relative velocity of the first and second pairs of colliding particles and remove the one-dimensional restriction, we find that an upper bound on the maximum number of collisions ${n}_{c}$ is given by $\frac{{\ensuremath{\pi}}_{c}}{{{n}_{c}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}}ginvcos\left[{\left(\frac{{m}_{B}{m}_{C}}{({m}_{A}+{m}_{B})({m}_{A}+{m}_{C})}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}cos\ensuremath{\theta}\right],$ where ${n}_{c}$ is the largest integer which satisfies the inequality and ${m}_{A}$ is the mass of the lightest particle.
Systems development processes

Previously, we described the evolutionary history of project management and enumerated certain key factors associated with project success. We now discuss the key organizational processes that must be in place to provide the necessary environment to nurture success for an IT system development project.
A perturbation method for dynamic analyses using under-integrated shell elements

Abstract An efficient perturbation method that allows reliable and accurate dynamic analyses of general shell structures using under-integrated elements is proposed. Both the perturbation of the stiffness matrix and the projection of the mass matrix are performed directly in the global coordinate system (thus avoiding local-global transformations of element matrices), and only once for each element instead of at each integration point. The method does not require any factor to be fully integrated over the element. Due to the consistency of the perturbed stiffness, the 9-node element passes several patch tests, including higher order ones. Further, algebraic expression for the projection operator of the mass matrix is derived and contributes significantly to the efficiency of the methodology. Several examples are presented to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method in filtering all spurious modes from the eigenspectrum, and the accuracy of the resulting eigenfrequencies of the genuine mode shapes.
Individual single-walled nanotubes and hydrogels made by oxidative exfoliation of carbon nanotube ropes.

Single-walled carbon nanotubes were oxidized by a technique previously developed for the oxidation of graphite to graphite oxide (GO). This process involves treatment with concentrated H2SO4 containing (NH4)2S2O8 and P2O5, followed by H2SO4 and KMnO4. Oxidation results in complete exfoliation of nanotube ropes to yield individual oxidized tubes that are 40−500 nm long. The C:O:H atomic ratio of vacuum-dried oxidized nanotubes is approximately 2.7:1.0:1.2. XPS and IR spectra show evidence for surface O−H, CO, and COOH groups. The oxidized nanotubes slowly form viscous hydrogels at unusually low concentration (≥0.3 wt %), and this behavior is attributed to the formation of a hydrogen-bonded nanotube network. The oxidized tubes bind readily to amine-coated surfaces, on which they adsorb as smooth and dense monolayer films. Thin films of the oxidized nanotubes show ohmic current−voltage behavior, with resistivities in the range of 0.2−0.5 Ω-cm.
Public Choice Theory and Public Choices: Bureaucrats and State Reorganization in Australia, Denmark, New Zealand, and Sweden in the 1980s

Reorganizers of the state in Australia, New Zealand, Denmark, and Sweden during the 1980s tried to separate policy-making from the production of welfare and other services by introducing market disciplines and competition. Fiscal bureaucrats, afraid of rising fiscal deficits and public debt, sought to control what they saw as rent-seeking behavior and agent abuse of principals in the public sector They argued these changes would reduce incentives for collective rent-seeking behavior and prevent shirking. Fiscal bureaucrats thus sought to control future behavior in the public sector by changing the incentive structures workers and agency managers faced.
Primary structure and translation of a defective interfering rna of murine coronavirus

Abstract An intracellular defective-interfering (DI) RNA, DIssE, of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) obtained after serial high multiplicity passage of the virus was cloned and sequenced. DIssE RNA is composed of three noncontiguous genomic regions, representing the first 864 nucleotides of the Fend, an internal 748 nucleotides of the polymerase gene, and 601 nucleotides from the 3′ end of the parental MHV genome. The DIssE sequence contains one large continuous open reading frame. Two protein products from this open reading frame were identified both by in vitro translation and in DI-infected cells. Sequence comparison of DIssE and the corresponding parts of the parental virus genome revealed that DIssE had three base substitutions within the leader sequence and also a deletion of nine nucleotides located at the junction of the leader and the remaining genomic sequence. The 5′ end of DIssE RNA was heterogeneous with respect to the number of UCUAA repeats within the leader sequence. The parental MHV genomic RNA appears to have extensive and stable secondary structures at the regions where DI RNA rearrangements occurred. These data suggest that MHV DI RNA may have been generated as a result of the discontinuous and nonprocessive manner of MHV RNA synthesis.
The merging of neural networks, fuzzy logic, and genetic algorithms

Abstract During the last decade, there has been increased use of neural networks (NNs), fuzzy logic (FL) and genetic algorithms (GAs) in insurance-related applications. However, the focus often has been on a single technology heuristically adapted to a problem. While this approach has been productive, it may have been sub-optimal, in the sense that studies may have been constrained by the limitations of the technology and opportunities may have been missed to take advantage of the synergies between the technologies. For example, while NNs have the positive attributes of adaptation and learning, they have the negative attribute of a “black box” syndrome. By the same token, FL has the advantage of approximate reasoning but the disadvantage that it lacks an effective learning capability. Merging these technologies provides an opportunity to capitalize on their strengths and compensate for their shortcomings. This article presents an overview of the merging of NNs, FL and GAs. The topics addressed include the advantages and disadvantages of each technology, the potential merging options, and the explicit nature of the merging.
Palaeolatitudes from JOIDES deep sea sediment cores.

IN the framework of plate tectonics the Earth is thought to be composed of a mosaic of rigid plates riding on top of a viscous asthenosphere. The motion of these plates with respect to the Earth's spin axis can be determined using the methods of palaeomagnetism. Measurement of continental rocks1, oceanic islands2 and on seamounts3,4 all yield data which can be used to determine these motions.
On the diet of the boa Epicrates striatus on Hispaniola, with notes on E. fordi and E. gracilis

The stomach contents of 214 specimens of Hispaniolan Epicrates (Serpentes: Boidae) were examined for prey remains. The largest species, E. striatus, exhibits a sharp ontogenetic shift in diet: snakes 80 cm SVL ate birds and rats (Rattus rattus). Epicrates fordi preyed on anoles and small rodents, and E. gracilis took only Anolis. E. striatus ate larger individuals of the same species of Anolis consumed by Hispaniolan colubrids. Before the arrival of Europeans on Hispaniola, large Epicrates striatus most likely preyed upon birds and now-extict rodents (Brotomys, Isolobodon and Plagiodontia) and insectivores (Nesophontes). The diet of E. striatus would have gradually shifted from native to introduced mammals, and by the early 20th century, when most native, non-volant mammals had become extinct on Hispaniola, the shift would have become nearly complete, with the exotics Mus musculus and Rattus rattus becoming the predominant prey species.
Trace element effects on ductility and fracture of Ni-Cr-Ce alloys

The effect of trace additions of Ce, ranging from Oto 180 at. ppm, on the tensile behavior of a Ni-20Cr alloy is presented. For alloys without Ce a transition from ductile transgranular to brittle intergranular fracture mode is observed at high temperatures and for low strain-rate tests. Additions of Ce suppress this transition with a resulting increase in ductility. Maximum effects are observed for temperature and strain rate values where fracture in Ce-free alloys occursvia grain boundary cavitation. The reduced cavitation rate of Ce-containing alloys is suggested to be the result of an increase in both interfacial energy and grain boundary mobility.
Digital compensators with transport delay

Observer theory is used to design a digital compensator for a system with transport delay. Closed loop system poles are placed at desired locations and the compensator required to keep them there in the presence of transport delay is developed.
The effect of reservoir heterogeneity on the performance of unstable displacements

Abstract We investigated the effects of reservoir heterogeneity on immiscible, first-contact miscible and multicontact miscible displacements in laboratory scale systems by numerical reservoir simulation. Several two-dimensional heterogeneous permeable media were generated geostatistically and systematically characterized by Dykstra-Parsons coefficient and dimensionless correlation length. The Dykstra-Parsons coefficient and the dimensionless correlation length were varied over wide ranges to cover the conditions normally encountered in petroleum reservoirs and to study their interactions on the performance of unstable displacements. We found that heterogeneity was always detrimental to the recovery performance. The severity of this detrimental effect increased with an increase in the Dykstra-Parsons coefficient and an increase in the correlation length. This detrimental effect of heterogeneity could also be seen in the saturation maps, which showed significantly different fingering patterns for different permeability distributions. These maps also showed fundamental differences in the nature of immiscible, first-contact miscible, and multicontact miscible displacements. First-contact miscible displacements were the most efficient, immiscible displacements were the least efficient, and multicontact miscible displacements were intermediate between the two.
Resistance: Experienced and Novice Consultants' Interpretations and Strategies for Addressing it in Behavioral Consultation Interviews:

This study examined whether experienced and novice school psychology consultants differed in identification of consultee resistance, attribution of sources of resistance, and quantity and variety of strategies to handle resistance. The participants were characterized as novice consultants (N = 33) if they had completed fewer than 20 cases or as experienced consultants (N = 19) if they had completed 20 or more cases. All participants viewed two videotapes of consultation cases: one featuring overt resistance and one featuring subtle resistance. Participants completed involvement worksheets, indicating when they observed resistance on the videotape, who was the source of the resistance, and what strategies could be used to address the resistance and the rationales behind such strategies. The findings supported the prediction that all participants would attribute resistance primarily to the consultee rather than to the psychologist or the environment. The prediction that experienced consultants would produce...
Does early PTH treatment compromise bone strength? The balance between remodeling, porosity, bone mineral, and bone size.

The treatment of osteoporotic women with recombinant human parathyroid hormone (rhPTH[1-34]) increases bone mineral density and reduces fracture risk. However, there has been concern that the initiation of therapy in women with low bone mass may cause an early and transient increased fracture risk because PTH stimulates bone remodeling, which in its first phase is associated with bone resorption. Animal and human studies suggest, however, that the stimulation of remodeling caused by rhPTH(1–34) does not lead to a deterioration of bone’s mechanical properties or to an increased fracture risk even early in the treatment. There are several reasons for this. Bone biomarkers associated with formation rise earlier than those associated with resorption, suggesting that there is an initial period prior to the stimulation of remodeling during which bone formation occurs on surfaces without prior resorption. This initial period of formation may protect the patient from the later small and transient losses that occur through remodeling. Moreover, the increased remodeling occurs on cancellous surfaces or close to the endosteal surface of bone, where its mechanical effect is minimal. Additionally, these transient losses may be compensated by periosteal apposition that maintains the overall strength of the bone. Thus, the early stimulation of bone formation without prior resorption, and the redistribution of bone from cancellous and endocortical surfaces to the periosteal surface combine to prevent the mechanical deterioration that could otherwise occur with a transient acceleration of bone remodeling in a patient with low bone mass.
Bond lengthening and through-bond interactions in p,p'-dibenzene and related molecules

Abstract The structure of p,p'-dibenzene (PDB) has been investigated by full geometry optimizations using the empirical force field (EFF) and MINDO/3 methods. While other structural parameters are in good agreement, the central bond length calculated by MINDO/3 (1.595 A), as confirmed by an ab initio (STO-3G basis set) optimization (1.596 A), is in striking contrast to the corresponding length calculated by EFF (1.543 A). A detailed analysis of the electronic structure of PDB based on a quantitative perturbational molecular orbital treatment reveals that through-bond coupling of the four π systems is responsible for an elongation of the σ bond which mediates this interaction. Further studies using the EFF and MINDO/3 approaches demonstrate that extended C-C single bonds can arise even in structures with fewer than four π systems. The effect of substituents on the central bond length in PDB has been briefly investigated. (MINDO/3). A variety of other structures have been identified in which bond lengthening may result from through-bond coupling.
Simulating photospheric Doppler velocity fields

A method is described for constructing artificial data that realistically simulate photospheric velocity fields. The velocity fields include rotation, differential rotation, meridional circulation, giant cell convection, supergranulation, convective limb shift, p-mode oscillations, and observer motion. Data constructed by this method can be used for testing algorithms designed to extract and analyze these velocity fields in real Doppler velocity data.
Message-based response routing with Selcuk networks

Computer-to-computer communication in a very large net, parallel processing, and content-based in retrieval associative memories all can be viewed in a broader context as the broadcast of a "to-whom-it-may-concern" type message and the subsequent routing of the response messages to the broadcast source. Simplicity and economies in logic and memory can be obtained if the routing does not require site information and is as decentralized as possible. We propose a procedure for such routing in a large net of modules of limited logic and memory, with connectivity primarily to near neighbors with one-way channels. The procedure is based on the Selcuk principle which maintains that in properly constructed networks routing can be achieved with each module basing its switching decision only on the identity of its input channel(s) upon which the broadcast message first arrived—a strictly local information. One-way channel connectivity emerges as advantageous because it requires much less memory and logic than two-way arrangements, while achieving nearly the same efficiency in properly constructed nets.
Exploring the potential energy surface of the hydrogen abstraction reaction from hydrochloric acid with hydrogen and methyl radicals using ab initio and density functional theory methods. An example of a polar radical hydrogen abstraction reaction

Abstract Ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) studies were performed on the H + HCl → H 2 + Cl and CH 3 + HCl → CH 4 + Cl reactions in order to computationally describe their potential energy surfaces. It was demonstrated that the most widely used ab initio and DFT methods can not reproduce experimental energies. While many of the ab initio methods generated high activation barriers, the majority of the DFT methods generated negative activation barriers. The suitability of some ab initio and DFT methods for computing the energies of these reactions was discussed.
Usefulness of Hemoglobin A1c to Predict Outcome After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure

Patients with diabetes and heart failure (HF) have worse clinical outcomes compared to patients with HF without diabetes after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Patients with HF and diabetes represent a growing population at high risk for cardiovascular events and are increasingly treated with CRT. Although patients with diabetes and HF appear to benefit from CRT, their clinical outcomes are worse than those of patients without diabetes after CRT. The aim of this study was to identify clinical predictors that explain the differential hazard in patients with diabetes. We studied 442 patients (169 with diabetes) with systolic HF referred to the Massachusetts General Hospital CRT clinic from 2003 to 2010 to identify predictors of outcomes after CRT in patients with HF and diabetes. Patients with diabetes were more likely to have ischemic causes of HF than those without diabetes, but there was no difference in the left ventricular ejection fraction or HF classification at implantation. Patients with diabetes had poorer event-free survival (death or HF hospitalization) compared to those without diabetes (log-rank p = 0.04). The presence of diabetes was the most important independent predictor of differential outcomes in the entire population (hazard ratio 1.65, 95% confidence interval 1.10 to 2.51). Patients with diabetes receiving insulin therapy had poorer survival, whereas those not receiving insulin therapy had similar survival to patients without diabetes. Patients with peri-implantation glycosylated hemoglobin >7% had worse outcomes, whereas patients with glycosylated hemoglobin ≤7% had improved survival (hazard ratio 0.36, 95% confidence interval 0.15 to 0.86) equivalent to that of patients without diabetes. In conclusion, although the presence of diabetes, independent of other variables, increases the hazard of worse outcomes after CRT, there is additional risk conferred by insulin use and suboptimal peri-implantation glycemic control.
Advantages and Limitations of Seismic Isolation

Abstract Under many circumstances, seismic isolation is an effective way of reducing the impact of earthquakes on structures. Dynamic forces in the structure itself are reduced at the expense of relatively large displacements in the isolators. These displacements can generally be predicted adequately by simple methods and accommodated without difficulty. However, some circumstances appear to exist where the isolator displacements might be significantly larger than conventional analysis would suggest, or where simplified methods of analysis may prove inadequate and fail to predict the response properly. The paper explores the limits of the applicability of equivalent linear analyses and the response to ground motions which might lead to large displacements isolation that can be achieved.
Challenges in Rural Social Work Practice: When Support Groups Contain Your Neighbors, Church Members, and the PTA

Rural social work occurs in unique practice environments with challenges and rare opportunities. Strong social ties, commonly found in rural communities and often missing in urban areas, can serve as sources of resilience for group members facing adverse life circumstances. Therapeutic formal and informal support groups, bolstered by this support and led by social workers in rural communities, can face numerous challenges due to locale, lack of transportation, and potential worker burnout. This article highlights ethical considerations rooted in a theme of rural group work while providing helpful hints based on the IASWG Standards for Social Work Practice with Groups.
Nikkomycin Biosynthesis: Formation of a 4-Electron Oxidation Product during Turnover of NikD with Its Physiological Substrate†

Nikkomycins are peptidyl nucleoside antibiotics that act as therapeutic antifungal agents in humans and easily degraded insecticides in agriculture. The nikkomycin peptidyl moiety contains a pyridyl residue derived from l-lysine. The first step in peptidyl biosynthesis is an aminotransferase-catalyzed reaction that converts l-lysine to Δ1- or Δ2-piperideine-2-carboxylate (P2C). Spectral, chromatographic, and kinetic analyses show that the aerobic reaction of nikD with P2C results in the stoichiometric formation of picolinate, accompanied by the reduction of 2 mol of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. A high resolution HPLC method, capable of separating picolinate, nicotinate and isonicotinate, was developed and used in product identification. NikD contains 1 mol of covalently bound FAD and exists as a monomer in solution. Reductive and oxidative titrations with dithionite and potassium ferricyanide, respectively, show that FAD is the only redox-active group in nikD. Anaerobic reaction of nikD with 1 mol of P2C ...
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Soil Color-Based Management Zones in Irrigated Maize

Spectral vegetation indices such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) have been shown to be useful for indirectly obtaining crop information such as photosynthetic efficiency, productivity potential, and potential yield. The objectives of this study were (i) to examine the relationships among NDVI determined early in the growing season, soil color-based management zones (SCMZ), and relative maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield and (ii) to determine if coupling soil color-based management zones with NDVI improves the accuracy of soil color-based management zone precision crop management strategy. Remotely sensed imagery was acquired by aircraft at approximately the eight-leaf crop growth stage (V8). Kappa statistics and percent areal agreement suggested a slight to substantial areal association among NDVI and relative grain yield (K = 0.10 to 0.63; % areal agreement = 13-67). Regression models were variable and explained among 25 to 82% of the variability in relative grain yield. Inclusion of soil color-based management zones in the regression models resulted in marginal improvements. When the affects of soil color-based management zones were removed, NDVI accounted for among 10 to 47% of the variability. The NDVI determined early does have potential to be useful in irrigated maize cropping systems. Coupling NDVI and SCMZs did not bring additional benefits to our soil color-based management zone strategy.
Effects of the thermal driving forces on the distribution of critical current densities in high-Tc superconductors

Abstract The dependence of the critical current density on the temperature and magnetic field of a dip-coated Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi-2212) superconducting tape was calculated. The model took into account the effects of the thermal driving forces and the disordered nature of the pinning centres on the pinning potentials and conseauently on the critical current densities. An expression for the effective pinning range in terms of the material parameters was derived and found to be d pin ≈ ζ(1+δ0λδ0 /l 44) where the quantity δ 0 is the ratio of the magnetic interaction energy to the elastic energy of the vortex lattice. The analysis provides the possibility that physically observed potentials controlling the motion of the vortices are temperature and field dependent and vary in different temperature ranges. The results of the model were compared with recent reported measurements on the Bi-2212 superconducting tape and good agreements are reproduced.
AMPA receptors shape Ca2+ responses in cortical oligodendrocyte progenitors and CG-4 cells

Intracellular calcium signals triggered by glutamate receptor activation were studied in primary cortical oligodendrocyte lineage cells and in the oligodendrocyte cell line CG-4. Glutamate, kainate, and AMPA (30-300 microM) increased [Ca2+]i in both types of cells at the stage of oligodendrocyte progenitors (O-2A; GD3+) or pro-oligodendroblasts (O4+). The peak amplitude of Ca2+ responses to glutamate receptor agonists was significantly larger in cortical cells. In CG-4 and in cortical cells, the majority (more than 90%) of bipolar GD3+ or multipolar O4+ cells responded to kainate. In all the cells analyzed, kainate was more efficacious than AMPA and glutamate. The percentage of bipolar or multipolar cells responding to glutamate was significantly lower in the CG-4 cell line than in primary cultures. Cellular responses typical of metabotropic glutamate receptor activation were observed in 20% of the cortical O-2A progenitors, but in none of the CG-4 cells. The AMPA-selective antagonist GYKI 52466 blocked kainate-induced Ca2+ responses in cortical O-2A cells. The selective AMPA receptor modulator cyclothiazide (30 microM) greatly potentiated the effects of AMPA (30-100 microM) on [Ca2+]i in cortical and CG-4 cells. Our findings indicate that Ca2+ responses in cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage are primarily shaped by functional AMPA receptors.
Propagation of transients in dispersive dielectric media

The propagation of transient electromagnetic fields in dispersive dielectric media is studied. The dielectric medium is assumed to be linear, isotropic, and homogeneous, and is described by the Debye model. Incident fields are assumed to be transverse electromagnetic plane wave pulses. The dielectric body can assume the form of infinite half space or an infinite circular cylinder, either of which may be homogeneous or stratified. The electric fields induced in the dielectric are calculated from time-domain Maxwell's equations using the finite-difference time-domain method. >
A simple model of endogenous tax reform

Abstract This paper presents a model of optimal taxation that is useful for understanding governments' incentives to switch from wage to consumption taxation. The key ingredient is the fact that governments cannot precommit policy: although under precommitment governments would tax only wages, there is an (ex post) incentive to switch to the consumption tax as savings grow. Numerical examples for a nested CES utility function find that for reasonable parameter values, equilibrium features a switch to consumption taxation: in particular, the model produces this tax reform when parameterized as in Auerbach and Kotlikoff's (1987) study.
Prevention of Potato Spoilage During Storage by Chlorine Dioxide

ABSTRACT: Acidified Oxine (AO) is a mixture of chlorite and chlorine dioxide. At 7.8 ppm available chlorine dioxide (ACD) for 10 min, it reduced 7.4 log CFU/mL of Erwinia carotovora, a potato pathogen, in phosphate buffer. Exposing potatoes to air purged through AO solutions proportionally reduced inoculated E. carotovora. A 40% reduction of spoilage was achieved by exposing to AO of 100 ppm ACD under an accelerated test. AO was demonstrated to be potentially effective in preventing potato spoilage without any significant risks of chemical residual or change of skin color.
Pharmacotherapeutic interventions for cocaine abuse. Matching patients to treatments.

Cocaine abuse treatment has begun to use a variety of adjunctive pharmacotherapies. These medications have been used for both acute crash symptoms and long-term prevention of relapse. A phasic model of recovery was integrated with a patient typology to formulate guidelines for using these rapidly ev
Italian Industrialization and the Gerschenkronian “Great Spurt”: A Regional Analysis

Since the appearance of Gerschenkron's 1955 paper, economic historians have discussed extensively the industrial transformation of Italy from 1896 to 1908, which Gerschenkron claimed was the period of Italy's first big or great “spurt.” Those discussions, however, have been in terms of national aggregates. This article attempts to create instead a regional view of Italian industrialization for this period. My analysis of regional output for two benchmark years suggests there were three regional patterns of industrialization.
Adolescents with Disabilities in the Juvenile Justice System: Patterns of Recidivism

Juvenile delinquency is a persistent problem in the United States, and students with disabilities are particularly vulnerable to become recidivists. This study examined patterns of and factors associated with recidivism. The sample included 5,435 juveniles with disabilities. Findings indicated intragroup variability regarding the number of referrals and the percentages of adolescents who were adjudicated, had a record of determinate commitment, and had a record of probation. African American males who were from delinquent families tended to have more referrals than adolescents from poorer families with fewer family problems. There is a need to examine further the reasons why certain groups of adolescents with disabilities are more likely to become recidivists and a need to develop intervention strategies that are effective in reducing juvenile offenses committed by these groups. A promising intervention that may ameliorate the effects of family criminal history involves the implementation of wraparound an...
Risk Stratification in Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: The Correlation Between Noninvasive and Invasive Testing in Pediatric Patients

Background: In Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, rapid antegrade conduction of atrial tachyarrhythmias can result in ventricular fibrillation and sudden death. Antegrade conduction can be assessed through noninvasive testing or invasive electrophysiology study (EPS). We aimed to determine the correlation between noninvasive testing and EPS in a pediatric WPW population. Methods: All WPW patients <21 years who underwent EPS over a 10-year period were identified. Noninvasive testing reviewed included electrocardiogram, Holter, and exercise stress test (EST). Patients were classified as low-risk if preexcitation was lost during any test. EPS data reviewed included antegrade conduction during atrial pacing and atrial fibrillation. Conduction through the accessory pathway (AP) to a cycle length ≤250 ms was considered rapid, otherwise patients were nonrapid. Sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of noninvasive testing to correctly identify nonrapid conduction was calculated. Results: There were 135 EPS. Twenty-four patients (18%) were classified low-risk noninvasively. Two of the 24 (8%) had rapid conduction at baseline EPS. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of low-risk noninvasive testing to predict nonrapid conduction was 22%, 94%, 92%, and 31%, respectively. Sixteen of the 24 had low-risk EST and none had rapid conduction at baseline EPS. The specificity and PPV of low-risk EST were 100%. Conclusion: Loss of preexcitation during noninvasive testing had high specificity and PPV for nonrapid antegrade conduction during baseline EPS. Abrupt loss of preexcitation during EST was a highly reliable noninvasive marker of nonrapid AP conduction at baseline in our pediatric WPW patients. (PACE 2012;35:1451–1457)
Long-term complications associated with breast-conservation surgery and radiotherapy

Breast-conservation surgery plus radiotherapy has become the standard of care for early-stage breast cancer; we evaluated its long-term complications. We selected patients treated with surgery and radiotherapy between January 1990 and December 1992 (an era in which standard radiation dosages were used) with follow-up for at least 1 year. Patients were prospectively monitored for treatment-related complications. Median follow-up time was 89 months. A total of 294 patients met the selection criteria. Grade 2 or higher late complications were identified in 29 patients and included arm edema in 13 patients, breast skin fibrosis in 12, decreased range of motion in 4, pneumonitis in 2, neuropathy in 2, fat necrosis in 1, and rib fracture in 1. Arm edema was more common after lumpectomy plus axillary node dissection than after lumpectomy alone. Arm edema occurred in 18% of patients who underwent surgery plus irradiation of the lymph nodes and 10% who underwent surgery without nodal irradiation. Breast-conservation surgery plus radiotherapy was associated with grade 2 or higher complications in only 9.9% of patients. Half of these complications were attributable to axillary dissection, it is hoped that lower complication rates can be achieved with sentinel lymph node biopsy.
Commentary on Norcross and Karpiak's “Clinical Psychologists in the 2010s: 50 Years of the APA Division of Clinical Psychology”

This commentary offers a challenge to Norcross and Karpiak's (2012) claim that the psychodynamic orientation is on the decline in clinical psychology, based upon the data that they present. I urge clinical psychologists/scientists to recognize that there are psychodynamic researchers who have embraced evidence-based philosophy and practices; I advocate a rapprochement between Division 12 (Society of Clinical Psychology) and 39 (Psychoanalysis), and I propose a defense of pluralism in which all clinical psychologists recognize the obligation to engage other orientations and points of view that differ from their own and to do so respectfully.