cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Small molecule inhibitors of arginyltransferase regulate arginylation-dependent protein degradation, cell motility, and angiogenesis

Posttranslational arginylation mediated by arginyltransferase (ATE1) is an emerging major regulator of embryogenesis and cell physiology. Impairments of ATE1 are implicated in congenital heart defects, obesity, cancer, and neurodegeneration making this enzyme an important therapeutic target, whose potential has been virtually unexplored. Here we report the development of a biochemical assay for identification of small molecule inhibitors of ATE1 and application of this assay to screen a library of 3280 compounds. Our screen identified two compounds which specifically affect ATE1-regulated processes in vivo, including tannic acid, which has been previously shown to inhibit protein degradation and angiogenesis and to act as a therapeutic agent in heart disease and cancer. Our data suggest that these actions of tannic acid are mediated by its direct effect on ATE1, which regulates protein degradation and angiogenesis in vivo.
Dual myocardial imaging with technetium-99m pyrophosphate and thallium-201 for detecting, localizing and sizing acute myocardial infarction

Abstract In order to assess and compare the sensitivity and accuracy of technetium (Tc)-99m pyrophosphate and thallium-201 (Tl-201) in detecting, locating and sizing acute myocardial infarction with respect to the biochemically measured extent of infarction, myocardial imaging with both agents using a gamma scintillation camera was performed in 35 patients with documented acute myocardial infarction within 1 to 5 days after the onset of acute symptoms. Tc-99m pyrophosphate scintigrams were abnormal in 30 patients (86 percent) and the location of uptake corresponded to the electrocardiographic site of the infarct in 23 of the 30 patients (77 percent). The five negative Tc-99m pyrophosphate scintigrams included two from patients with a subendocardial infarction. By contrast, all 35 TI-201 myocardial images showed areas of decreased uptake and 33 (94 percent) corresponded to the electrocardiographic location of the infarct. In three patients with a prior myocardial infarction, separate defects were noted in addition to areas of decreased TI-201 uptake corresponding to new Q waves and ST-T wave changes. Additional abnormal areas in the scintigrams not suggested by the electrocardiogram were noted with Tc-99m pyrophosphate in 9 patients and with TI-201 in 16 patients; in 6 of these patients these areas were identical in extent and location in both radionuclide studies. In patients with negative Tc-99m pyrophosphate scintigrams, the average infarct size obtained from completed creatine kinase (CK) curves using serial serum CK values was smaller at 3.2 ± 0.5 (standard error) IU/literhour than in those with positive images (26.9 ± 4.1 IU/literhour; P 2 in patients with anterior or lateral infarction but only 18.9 ± 2.5 cm 2 ( P r = 0.90) in anterior infarctions but only fair ( r = 0.64) in inferior infarctions. The data indicate that TI-201 is more accurate than Tc-99m pyrophosphate in detecting and localizing acute myocardial infarction in patients without prior infarction and that Tc-99m pyrophosphate may fail to identify small infarcts. Infarct size can be estimated from the area of increased Tc-99m pyrophosphate uptake in patients with anterior infarction, but tends to be underestimated in patients with inferior infarction. Current techniques for imaging with TI-201 permit differentiation between small, medium and large infarcts in patients without prior infarction but do not provide accurate measurement of the extent of acute myocardial infarction.
Français langue seconde: from functional categories to functionalist variation:

Four recent volumes on acquisition of French by different populations cover a range of areas, particularly the development of verbal tense/agreement and nominal gender/concord in first language (L1) acquirers, as opposed to second language (L2) learners; the generalizability of grammatical deficits (e.g. difficulty acquiring parametrized features different from the L1); and variation in acquisition between functional features from different domains: nominal and verbal, for example, are not all acquired at a comparable rate or with analogous errors across different learning populations. The detailed data on acquisition of French presented in these studies furnishes strong evidence for Universal Grammar (UG) systematicity that is not at all predictable from input frequency alone.
The Work Done by the Wind on the Oceanic General Circulation

Abstract A new estimate is made using altimeter data of the rate at which the wind works on the oceanic general circulation. The value of about 1 TW is lower than previously estimated and is dominated by the work done by the mean zonal wind in the Southern Ocean. The meridional component of the mean wind contributes primarily in the eastern upwelling regions of the ocean. Fluctuating component contributions are small. A comparison with the results of a numerical model produces both the same total work as well as the same general geographical patterns but with detailed differences. Both observations and model show that the subtropical gyres are regions where the atmosphere is braking the ocean circulation. The input of wind energy is shown to be qualitatively consistent with estimates of the rates of decay of barotropic and baroclinic mesoscale variability. If most of the energy input into the Southern Ocean is dissipated there, this region could be a dominant factor in mixing the global ocean.
Salmon-derived thrombin inhibits development of chronic pain through an endothelial barrier protective mechanism dependent on APC.

Abstract Many neurological disorders are initiated by blood–brain barrier breakdown, which potentiates spinal neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Peripheral neuropathic injuries are known to disrupt the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) and to potentiate inflammation. But, it is not known whether BSCB breakdown facilitates pain development. In this study, a neural compression model in the rat was used to evaluate relationships among BSCB permeability, inflammation and pain-related behaviors. BSCB permeability increases transiently only after injury that induces mechanical hyperalgesia, which correlates with serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-7, IL-12, IL-1α and TNF-α. Mammalian thrombin dually regulates vascular permeability through PAR1 and activated protein C (APC). Since thrombin protects vascular integrity through APC, directing its affinity towards protein C, while still promoting coagulation, might be an ideal treatment for BSCB-disrupting disorders. Salmon thrombin, which prevents the development of mechanical allodynia, also prevents BSCB breakdown after neural injury and actively inhibits TNF-α-induced endothelial permeability in vitro, which is not evident the case for human thrombin. Salmon thrombin's production of APC faster than human thrombin is confirmed using a fluorogenic assay and APC is shown to inhibit BSCB breakdown and pain-related behaviors similar to salmon thrombin. Together, these studies highlight the impact of BSCB on pain and establish salmon thrombin as an effective blocker of BSCB, and resulting nociception, through its preferential affinity for protein C.
Copper-2 Ingestion, Plus Increased Meat Eating Leading to Increased Copper Absorption, Are Major Factors Behind the Current Epidemic of Alzheimer’s Disease

It has become clear that copper toxicity is playing a major role in Alzheimer’s disease; but why is the brain copper toxicity with cognition loss in Alzheimer’s disease so much different clinically than brain copper toxicity in Wilson’s disease, which results in a movement disorder? Furthermore, why is the inorganic copper of supplement pills and in drinking water so much more damaging to cognition than the organic copper in food? A recent paper, which shows that almost all food copper is copper-1, that is the copper-2 of foods reverts to the reduced copper-1 form at death or harvest, gives new insight into these questions. The body has an intestinal transport system for copper-1, Ctr1, which channels copper-1 through the liver and into safe channels. Ctr1 cannot absorb copper-2, and some copper-2 bypasses the liver, ends up in the blood quickly, and is toxic to cognition. Humans evolved to handle copper-1 safely, but not copper-2. Alzheimer’s is at least in part, a copper-2 toxicity disease, while Wilson’s is a general copper overload disease. In this review, we will show that the epidemiology of the Alzheimer’s epidemic occurring in developed, but not undeveloped countries, fits with the epidemiology of exposure to copper-2 ingestion leached from copper plumbing and from copper supplement pill ingestion. Increased meat eating in developed countries is also a factor, because it increases copper absorption, and thus over all copper exposure.
Profile of panitumumab as first-line treatment in patients with wild-type KRAS metastatic colorectal cancer

Targeted therapies against EGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor have expanded treatment options for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Unfortunately, biomarkers to identify patients that are most likely to derive benefit from targeted therapies in this disease are still needed. Indeed, only RAS mutations have been identified as predictive of lack of benefit from monoclonal antibodies against EGFR in patients with mCRC. Panitumumab is a fully humanized monoclonal antibody against EGFR. In this study, we review data to support the use of panitumumab in combination with a chemotherapy backbone, in the first line setting in patients with RAS wild-type mCRC. Ongoing efforts are aimed at identifying smaller subsets of patients within the RAS wild-type group that will derive the largest benefit from anti-EGFR therapy. In the meantime, treatment with anti-EGFR therapy should be reserved for patients with RAS wild-type mCRC.
Health and Community Characteristics: On the Problem of Reconciling Two Approaches to Social Capital Measurement

Kawachi's proposition that greater income inequality identifies lower community social capital is very different looking from Putnam's proposition regarding the measure of social capital as an index of community sociality, participation, and trust. Yet, both approaches are successful in producing statistically significant associations with community health. The attempt here is to understand both the differences and the similarities of these measures and to develop theory on their relationships. Empirically, the research explores alternate hypotheses on the relationship of the measures: 1) income inequality limits and affects social interaction and trust; 2) income inequality creates stress and affects health directly; 3) community sociality and trust affect health directly by modulating individual choices over risk and reward; and 4) both measures contribute independently and without conflict. Health measures employed include health risky behaviors such as smoking and excessive drinking, but also they include indicators of HIV, heart and cancer diseases and other disease categories. These issues are explored empirically with a unique data set that merges the 12,000+ individual observations of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79 with the DDB Marketing Survey used by Putnam and with a substantial SMSA data set (over 200 U.S. cities). The merger of these data sets is made possible through the acquisition of the Bureau of Labor Statistics approval of using the GeoCode version of the NLSY79. The approach enables the study the effect on health of community income inequality and community sociality and trust in a single context. These data sets also enable statistical analyses alternatively at the individual level and at the city level. These data are complete and analyses with them indicate patterns of social capital and health that are statistically significant and permit the interpretation that social capital improvements lead to improvements in both individual and community health.
William Dampier and the Wreck of the Roebuck off Ascension Island in 1701

William Dampier’s well-documented travels around the world brought him to the south-Atlantic island of Ascension where he and his crew were marooned. This short article explores the events leading up to and following the unhappy ending of the Roebuck.
Precise Keywords Query for Relational Database in CMS Experiment

Under complex data environment of Compact Muon Solenoid(CMS) experiment on the Large Hadron Collider(LHC), there are a number of relational data sources providing organization and distribution information for indexing the complex CMS data. To provide accurate keywords query function for data query system, this paper presents a keywords query system which can support different databases. By analyzing the database schema graph, this system can dynamically translate keywords Query Language(QL) into Structured Query Language(SQL) language. During this translation, the key issue is how to solve the ambiguity problem, therefore two algorithms are provided: a schema graph analysis algorithm based on query entities and a dynamic join algorithm based on a minimal weight tree generation. Experimental result shows that the dynamic join algorithm can calculate the connection mode of the database table for keywords query, make the keywords query system have high query efficiency, and meet the needs of users in real time, accurate query.
Risk and Resilience in Preterm Children at Age 6

Children born preterm are at risk for experiencing significant deleterious developmental outcomes throughout their childhood and adolescence. However, individual variation and resilience are hallmarks of the preterm population. The present study examined pathways to resilience across multiple domains (e.g., social activities, peer relations, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptomology, externalizing and internalizing behavior, and sleep quality) as children born preterm reached school age. The study also examined early child and family predictors of resilience. Using a prospective longitudinal design, 173 infants born preterm and without significant neurological complications were assessed at five time points: neonatal intensive care unit discharge, 9 months, 16 months, 24 months, and 6 years. Three pathways of adaptation emerged at 6 years: children who were resilient, those who remained at-risk, and children who exhibited significant difficulties. Resilient children were less likely to have experienced negative parenting at 9 and 16 months, more likely to delay gratification at 24 months, and more likely to experience neonatal health complications than nonresilient children.
Design on a new shielding effectiveness material for mine shell

In order to adapt to the increasingly complicated electromagnetic environment and the development of all kinds of electromagnetic mine sweeping armament,and improve the antiinterference ability of modern land mine,after the phases of delicate selection and preparation for material,theoretical and experiment analysis,mine shell execution,this paper mainly discussed the design and execution of a new mine shell based on some new shielding material,and used the method of Finite Difference Time Domain to compute shielding effectiveness of the new shielding effectiveness material.The outfield experiment proves that the mine shell has the ability to counteract electromagnetic interference.
Central nervous system relapse in patients with untreated HER2-positive esophageal or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.

Although HER2-positive breast cancers demonstrate a propensity for central nervous system (CNS) metastasis, it is unknown whether other HER2-positive tumors, including adenocarcinomas of the esophagus/gastroesophageal junction (EAC), share this characteristic. Insight into this association may inform the development of HER2-targeted therapies that penetrate the blood-brain barrier. We examined HER2 overexpression and gene amplification in 708 patients with EAC who underwent curative-intent surgery during a time period (1980-1997) when no patient received HER2-targeted therapy. We identified patients whose site of first cancer recurrence was CNS and those who had a CNS relapse at any time. After a median follow-up of 61.2 months, 3.4% (24/708) of patients developed CNS relapse (all involved the brain). Patients with HER2-positive (vs -negative) primary tumors showed a higher 5-year cumulative incidence of CNS relapse as first recurrence (5.8% vs. 1.2%; p = 0.0058) and at any time (8.3% vs. 2.4%; p = 0.0062). In a multivariable model that included covariates previously associated with HER2 or with CNS relapse in breast cancer, HER2 positivity was the only variable that was statistically significantly associated with shorter time to CNS relapse as first recurrence (p = 0.0026) or at any time (hazard ratio 4.3 [95% confidence interval 1.8 to 10.3]; p = 0.001). These are the first data in a non-breast cancer to demonstrate an association between HER2 positivity and higher CNS relapse risk after surgery, and suggest that HER2-positive EACs have a predilection for CNS metastases.
Information Space Receding Horizon Control for Multisensor Tasking Problems

In this paper, we present a receding horizon solution to the problem of optimal scheduling for multiple sensors monitoring a group of dynamical targets. The term target is used here in the classic sense of being the object that is being sensed or observed by the sensors. This problem is motivated by the space situational awareness (SSA) problem. The multisensor optimal scheduling problem can be posed as a multiagent Markov decision process on the information space which has a dynamic programming (DP) solution. We present a simulation-based stochastic optimization technique that exploits the structure inherent in the problem to obtain variance reduction along with a distributed solution. This stochastic optimization technique is combined with a receding horizon approach which uses online solution of the control problems to obviate the need to solve the computationally intractable multiagent information space DP problem and hence, makes the technique computationally tractable. The technique is tested on a moderate scale SSA example which is nonetheless computationally intractable for existing solution techniques.
The Distinct Advantages of a Sales-Apportioned Corporate Cash Flow Tax

This paper explores the impacts of adopting two corporate income tax reforms simultaneously: the conversion to a cash-flow tax, that would allow the expensing of investment while disallowing interest deductions, and the switch to sales-based formula apportionment, that would tax worldwide profits in proportion to domestic sales revenue. I find that the two reforms are complementary, each eliminating different distortionary impacts of the corporate income tax. Worldwide adoption of both reforms would result in the taxation of supernormal profits with only minimal tax distortions.However, just as multinational corporations can easily manipulate separate accounting to minimize tax burdens, by shifting profits across national boundaries, sales-formula-apportionment is also potentially vulnerable to tax avoidance, through shifting profits across industry boundaries. Thus, the attractiveness of the combined reform probably hinges on how well sales-formula-apportionment’s natural boundaries, between unrelated economic activities, can be established and maintained.
Decennalia: an editorial essay

The year the Olympic Games were forced to halt international sportsmanship to include a horrifying entre’act of international bloodshed. A year of political schizophrenia in the United States, in which the largest popular vote ever was accorded to the man who was to be at the epicenter of the most profound national scandal in U.S. history. The sort of year which makes newspaper editors happy, and fills the rest of us with morbid fascination. It is not surprising, therefore, that the founding of the Art Libraries Society of North America (ARLIS/NA) is not the event that most people associate with the year 1972. And yet, the organisation grew and was shaped in the intervening decade by circumstances not only within the relatively narrow spectrum of professional art librarianship and visual curatorship, but within the larger contexts of sociological and technological circumstances, and within the art and library worlds of which it is a part.
Higher Grade Material Structures

It has been often pointed out, by critics and supporters alike, that the theory of inhomogeneities of Noll [1] and Wang [2] does not enjoy the generality often demanded by those propagating the so-called lattice model. This is because in the structural approach to the theory of continuous distribution of defects it has been suggested that, although the presence of dislocations shows through the non-vanishing torsion of the material connection, disclinations are measured by the curvature of such a connection; see e.g. Anthony [3]. Since any constitutive functional associated with a simple elastic material body induces, by definition, a locally integrable parallelism it appears that the disclinations, and possibly other defects, are ruled out. A structural approach suggests also that bodies with defects, disclinations in particular, are subject to multipolar stresses. Thus, it seems natural to investigate the possibility of describing disclinations in the realm of the higher-grade materials as originally suggested by Elianowski and Epstein [4].
Review: Risk for anticoagulant-related bleeding with heparin and warfarin is common and often serious

Source Citation Landefeld CS, Beyth RJ. Anticoagulant-related bleeding: clinical epidemiology, prediction, and prevention. Am J Med. 1993 Sep;95:315-28.
Ethical decision making

Studiul de faţa investigheaza luarea etica de decizii in cazul a 136 de indivizi, pentru 25 de scenarii ipotetice de afaceri, care pot fi grupate in patru mari domenii: oportunitaţi in cadrul organizaţiei, presiune din partea organizaţiei, oportunitaţi din alte surse si presiuni din alte surse. Rezultatele acestui studiu ar putea oferi unele insight-uri in ceea ce priveste comportamentele etice. De asemenea, discutam pe scurt cercetari recente asupra temei „dragostea de bani e radacina raului” in context organizaţional, si oferim sugestii pentru direcţii viitoare de cercetare.
Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy: XYY

XYY syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder that affects males with an incidence of 1 in 1000 males, characterized by having an additional Y chromosome (47,XYY). Although XYY males usually have a normal appearance, and normal sexual development and fertility, they may be taller than average and have a variable risk of cognitive, language, and behavioral deficits. Studies show that 47,XYY syndrome is associated with an increased risk of learning disabilities and delayed development of speech and language skills and motor skills. Most cases of 47,XYY syndrome are not inherited but arise as a random event, mostly by paternal nondisjunction at meiosis II or sometimes by postzygotic mitotic error, resulting in 47,XYY male or mosaic 47,XYY/46,XY, respectively. XYY is not usually transferred from an XYY father to his sons.
(Invited) Challenges the UWBG Semiconductors AlGaN, Diamond, and Ga2O3 Must Master to Compete with SiC and GaN HPE Devices

Power diodes and transistors fabricated from the ultra-wide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors, AlGaN, Ga2O3, and diamond using state-of-the-art materials are compared with those fabricated from GaN and SiC. Parameters used in the operation of the devices are discussed, methods for improving them are described, and the ability to, and importance of, improving them are assessed. Equations for the resistance of different elements of the device are also provided so one can assess their importance and make meaningful comparisons between the different types of transistors.
Learning from Singapore: the power of paradoxes

Many believe that education systems need to change and improve, especially in this century of widespread volatility, rapid globalization, and the ubiquity of technology that may soon make many trad...
A comprehensive multi-objective optimization model for the vessel scheduling problem in liner shipping

Abstract The international seaborne trade volumes have been continuously increasing over the last years. Many liner shipping companies started consolidation to form stronger alliances and attract new customers. In order to remain competitive and avoid potential monetary losses, liner shipping companies have to improve efficiency of their vessel schedules. Some of the decisions that have to be made by liner shipping companies are conflicting in their nature. However, the existing vessel scheduling models generally combine the conflicting objectives into one objective function, which aims to minimize the total route service cost. Such approach imposes limitations for liner shipping companies in the analysis of tradeoffs between the conflicting objectives. To avoid the latter drawback, this study proposes a multi-objective mixed integer nonlinear optimization model for the vessel scheduling problem, which accounts for all major route service cost components reported in the literature and separates them in two conflicting groups. The original mixed integer nonlinear model is linearized by discretizing the vessel sailing speed reciprocal, and the Global Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm is developed to solve the linearized model. A set of numerical experiments are conducted for the Asia-Mediterranean Express Service liner shipping route. Results demonstrate that negotiation of both vessel service time windows and handling rates between liner shipping companies and marine container terminal operators may significantly reduce the total route service cost components. Furthermore, vessel schedules are found to be more sensitive to the unit fuel cost as compared to the unit carbon dioxide emission cost.
Plaque Echolucency May Play a Critical Role in Predicting Cerebral Embolization in Patients Undergoing Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting

IntroductionDespite ongoing studies, the relationship of plaque echomorphology with increased risk of stroke in patients undergoing carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) remains elusive. The aim o...
An Alternative to Adaptation by Sexual Selection: Habitat Choice

Adaptation in mating signals and preferences has generally been explained by sexual selection. We propose that adaptation in such mating traits might also arise via a non-mutually exclusive process wherein individuals preferentially disperse to habitats where they experience high mating performance. Here we explore the evolutionary implications of this process.
The Central Role of the IGF-1 Receptor in the Control of Cellular Proliferation

The activation of the IGF-1 receptor by its ligands (IGF-1, IGF-II and Insulin at supraphysiological concentrations) plays a major role in the control of proliferation of several types of mammalian cells. In this survey, after reviewing the tissue distribution of IGF-1 receptors and the cell-specific production of IGFs, we discuss: 1) the role of the IGF-1 receptor in cell growth; 2) the ability of certain growth factors, proto-oncogenes and viral oncogenes to regulate cell proliferation through the activation of the IGF-1/IGF-1 receptor pathway; and 3) the use of IGF-1 peptide analogs to inhibit the proliferation of a variety of mammalian cells.
Specialization and referral among the n'anga (traditional healers) of Zimbabwe

Traditional medicine is the source of primary care for most Zimbabweans. Nangas (traditional healers) are consulted for their political and religious powers along with their healing powers. The Zimbabwe National Traditional Healers Association was formed and is officially recognized by the government and has a constitution along with departments of education and research. Each member pays annual dues. Herbal remedies are used. Most nangas say they are possessed by a healing spirit which they invoke while treating the patient. These nangas practice specialization--the extent to which the nangas claim expertise outside of which they will refer a patient to others. The referral and specialization practices of a select group of nangas in and around the capital Harare are studied. 30 nangas from 7 suburbs of harare were interviewed personally at their place of practice in 1987. All 30 claimed to specialize in the treatment of certain illnesses. They specialized in spiritual not just medical problems. The nangus referred to other nangas for either or both of 2 reasons: 1) most referred patients for whom their treatment had failed; and 2) patients were referred for suffering an illness which that certain nanga could not cure usually because their healing spirit did not give them the cure. There were some things that the nangas would only send to western medical practitioners and hospitals. These were mostly accidents or emergencies. "Abnormal illnesses" were never referred to Western practitioners and hospitals. "Abnormal illnesses" were caused by evil spirits such as "ngozi." The nangas were divided over what to do about the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). 1 nanga sand that he was so good at curing AIDS that he was flown to America to treat a patient. Others would send AIDS patients to hospitals. Most all Zimbabwe natives are descended from Shona and Ndebele cultures.
Expression of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha mRNA in human prostate cancer cell lines.

Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase α (RPTPα) is transmembrane protein phosphatases, and has been proposed to be involved in the differentiation of the neuronal system. In the present study, we demonstrated the expression of RPTPα mRNA in several normal human tissues. We further investigated the regulation of expression of RPTPα mRNA in epithelial cells utilizing three commercially available human prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP, PC-3 and DU145. This is because these cells exhibit different levels of differentiation, defined by the expression of a tissue-specific differentiation antigen, prostatic acid phosphatase (PAcP), and their androgen sensitivity. LNCaP cells express PAcP and are androgen-sensitive cells, while PC-3 and DU145 cells do not express PAcP and are androgen-insensitive cells. Northern blot analyses revealed that, in LNCaP cells, fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) down-regulates RPTPα mRNA expression, similar to the effect on PAcP. Contrarily, FBS up-regulated the RPTPα mRNA level in PC-3 and DU145 cells. In LNCaP cells, sodium butyrate inhibited cell growth and up-regulated RPTPα as well as PAcP mRNA expression. Although, sodium butyrate also inhibited the growth of PC-3 and DU145 cells, the level of RPTPα mRNA was decreased in PC-3, while increased in DU145 cells. Thus, data taken together indicate that the expression of RPTPα is apparently regulated by a similar mechanism to that of PAcP in LNCaP cells.
Left ventricular perforation with catheter decompression.

Abstract Thoracostomy tube placement is one of the more common procedures performed in the Emergency Department, most commonly for treatment of pneumothorax or hemothorax but occasionally for drainage of empyema or pleural effusion. Thoracostomy may be a life-saving procedure with a wide range of complication rates reported, ranging from 19.4–37%, most commonly extrathoracic placement. Most recent meta-analyses showed a relatively stable complication rate of 19% over the past three decades with the vast majority being benign in nature. We present a case with the rare complication of thoracostomy in which of a small-caliber thoracostomy tube was placed in the left ventricle. Although thoracotomy was performed to remove the catheter, the patient remained virtually asymptomatic and had an uneventful course.
Elements of a Design Theory of Nano-Viral Messages: Lessons from #Solar Nanovirals

Viral messages reach a large number of people at almost no cost. However, the majority of viral messages are based on shocking or entertaining content. Is it possible to make other kinds of content go viral, such as science and technology news? I use conceptual blending analysis to analyze five representative, very small messages about solar technology that went viral (nanovirals). I identify four distinct viral strategies, that vary according to number of belief systems used, and whether the viral message confirmed or contradicted central beliefs. Finally, I use information systems modeling to depict a common viral mechanism underlying the strategies. I conclude with a practical heuristic to guide the design of nanoviral messages.
Bounded Blame: The Effects of Victim-Perpetrator Relationship and Victimization History on Judgments of Sexual Violence.

Individuals often tend to irrationally blame victims for their plight. This research incorporated a bounded rationality framework to examine first-person perspectives (rather than third-person) of ...
easyCLIP Quantifies RNA-Protein Interactions and Characterizes Recurrent PCBP1 Mutations in Cancer

ABSTRACT RNA-protein interactions mediate a host of cellular processes, underscoring the need for methods to quantify their occurrence in living cells. RNA interaction frequencies for the average cellular protein are undefined, however, and there is no quantitative threshold to define a protein as an RNA-binding protein (RBP). Ultraviolet (UV) cross-linking immunoprecipitation (CLIP)-sequencing, an effective and widely used means of characterizing RNA-protein interactions, would particularly benefit from the capacity to quantitate the number of RNA cross-links per protein per cell. In addition, CLIP-seq methods are difficult, have high experimental failure rates and many ambiguous analytical decisions. To address these issues, the easyCLIP method was developed and used to quantify RNA-protein interactions for a panel of known RBPs as well as a spectrum of random non-RBP proteins. easyCLIP provides the advantages of good efficiency compared to current standards, a simple protocol with a very low failure rate, troubleshooting information that includes direct visualization of prepared libraries without amplification, and a new form of analysis. easyCLIP, which uses sequential on-bead ligation of 5’ and 3’ adapters tagged with different infrared dyes, classified non-RBPs as those with a per protein RNA cross-link rate of
Differences in postural sway among healthy adults are associated with the ability to perform steady contractions with leg muscles

Upright standing involves small displacements of the center of mass about the base of support. These displacements are often quantified by measuring various kinematic features of the center-of-pressure trajectory. The plantar flexors have often been identified as the key muscles for the control of these displacements; however, studies have suggested that the hip abductor and adductors may also be important. The purpose of our study was to determine the association between the force capabilities of selected leg muscles and sway-area rate across four balance conditions in young (25 ± 4 years; 12/19 women) and older adults (71 ± 5 years; 5/19 women). Due to the marked overlap in sway-area rate between the two age groups, the data were collapsed, and individuals were assigned to groups of low- and high-sway area rates based on a k-medoid cluster analysis. The number of participants assigned to each group varied across balance conditions and a subset of older adults was always included in the low-sway group for each balance condition. The most consistent explanatory variable for the variance in sway-area rate was force control of the hip abductors and ankle dorsiflexors as indicated by the magnitude of the normalized force fluctuations (force steadiness) during a submaximal isometric contraction. The explanatory power of the regression models varied across conditions, thereby identifying specific balance conditions that should be examined further in future studies of postural control.
Radiological characterization of spent control rod assemblies

Abstract Three different spent control rods were obtained for direct-assay measurements and empirical sampling and analysis. They were: 1) a BWR cruciform control rod, 2) a PWR rod-cluster control assembly, and 3) a burnable poison-rod assembly. The dominant activity of the BWR cruciform control rod and the PWR burnable poison-rod assembly is60Co, whereas the PWR rod-cluster control assembly is dominated not only by60Co, but also by108mAg and110mAg, which are found in the Ag–In–Cd alloy of the absorber rods. The radionuclide inventories calculated for the three spent control rods from the empirical sampling data agree very well with data determined from the two direct assay methodologies. The concentration of108mAg in the rod-cluster control assembly will have to be considered when these types of spent control rods are prepared for waste disposal.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by unwanted thoughts, impulses, or images that elicit distress, and/or the manifestation of excessive ritualistic behavior. Growing evidence points to specific biological and psychological factors as clues for uncovering the condition's pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Many valid assessment and treatment approaches offer hope for those with OCD. OCD is characterized by the presence of unwanted thoughts, impulses, or images that elicit distress (i.e., obsessions). While individuals with OCD typically acknowledge that these intrusive experiences are a product of their own mind, they also describe them as inconsistent with their beliefs, values, or self-image. Obsessions take on many themes, including fears of contamination or blasphemy, images of harming loved ones, and impulses to arrange things symmetrically. In an effort to mitigate the anxiety associated with obsessions, individuals with OCD typically engage in excessive and impairing avoidance or ritualistic behaviors (i.e., compulsions). These compulsions manifest as overt actions, such as hand washing, or covert actions, such as counting silently. Similar to the themes of obsessions, compulsive behaviors manifest in a variety of ways, such as arranging objects, performing voluntary stereotypic movements, and saving unnecessary items. Adults with OCD often acknowledge that the obsessions and compulsions are unreasonable or excessive. If not, they are designated as having poor insight.
Combined Phacoemulsification and Pars Plana Vitrectomy for the Treatment of Cataract in Patients With Noninfectious Uveitis

Purpose:This work evaluates the role of combined phacoemulsification and vitrectomy surgery in the management of cataract associated with noninfectious uveitis.Methods:A retrospective chart review ...
Broiler Chickens and Early Life Programming: Microbiome transplant-induced cecal bacteriome dynamics and phenotypic effects

The concept of successional trajectories describes how small differences in initial community composition can magnify through time and lead to significant differences in mature communities. For many animals, the types and sources of early-life exposures to microbes have been shown to have significant and long-lasting effects on the community structure and/or function of the microbiome. In modern commercial poultry production, chicks are reared as a single age cohort and do not directly encounter adult birds. This scenario is likely to initiate a trajectory of microbial community development that is significantly different than non-industrial settings where chicks are exposed to a much broader range of environmental and fecal inocula; however, the comparative effects of these two scenarios on microbiome development and function remain largely unknown. In this work, we performed serial transfers of cecal material through multiple generations of birds to first derive a stable source of inoculum. Subsequently, we compared microbiome development between chicks receiving this passaged cecal material, versus an environmental inoculum, to test the hypothesis that the first exposure of newly hatched chicks to microbes determines early GI microbiome structure and may have longer-lasting effects on bird health and development. Cecal microbiome dynamics and bird weights were tracked for a two-week period, with half of the birds in each treatment group exposed to a pathogen challenge at 7d of age. We report that: i) a relatively stable community was derived after a single passage of transplanted cecal material, ii) this cecal inoculum significantly but ephemerally altered community structure relative to the environmental inoculum and PBS controls, and iii) either microbiome transplant administered at day-of-hatch appeared to have some protective effects against pathogen challenge relative to uninoculated controls. Differentially abundant taxa were identified across treatment types and may inform future studies and identify strains associated with beneficial phenotypes.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa differentiates substrate rigidity using retraction of type IV pili

The ability of eukaryotic cells to differentiate substrate stiffness is fundamental for many processes such as the development of stem cells into mature tissue. Here, we establish that bacteria feel their microenvironment in a similar manner. We show that Pseudomonas aeruginosa actively probes and measures substrate stiffness using type IV pili (TFP). The activity of the major virulence factor regulator Vfr is peaked with stiffness in a physiologically important range between 0.1 kPa (mucus) and 1000 kPa (cartilage). The local concentration of PilA at the base of dynamic TFP changes during extension and retraction in a surface dependent manner due to slow PilA diffusion in the cell membrane. Traction force measurements reveal that TFP retraction deforms even stiff substrates. Modeling of the measured substrate deformation and optical tweezers experiments suggest that TFP adhere at the tip only. Informed by these experimental results, we developed a model that describes substrate stiffness dependent dynamics of the polar PilA concentration which are quantitatively consistent with the transcriptional response to stiffness. Manipulating the ATPase activity of the TFP motors changes the TFP extension and retraction velocities and consequently the PilA concentration dynamics in a manner that is predictive of the experimental stiffness response. This work points to the use of a competition between PilA diffusion and TFP extension-retraction as a molecular shear rheometer. Our results highlight that stiffness sensing is a conserved property between the kingdoms of life.
Arthur Dunn at Shortridge 1900–1910

This chapter will provide a full introduction to Arthur W. Dunn, who is well documented in the existing literature on civic education, the social studies, and community civics. However, the literature has focused very little on his time at Shortridge and has focused more on his role as Director of Civic Education at Indianapolis Public Schools, his civic education roles for the National Municipal League while in Philadelphia and New York, and his role as Civic Education Specialist for the US Bureau of Education, where he contributed to the 1916 report The Social Studies in Secondary Education. This chapter will provide a deep look at Dunn’s time in Indianapolis. Coupled with his research training, Dunn’s time at Shortridge was pivotal to his career due to the connections he made, as well as the work of Laura Donnan and the civic culture she had created at the school.
Examining Rules in Friends with Benefits Relationships.

Establishing communicative and behavioral boundaries in romantic relationships provides partners with a greater sense of relational stability and certainty. For romantic relationships, these boundaries, such as sexual exclusivity, are relatively straightforward. For casual sex relationships, however, the relational rules are less stable and certain. This exploratory study examined rules in friends with benefits relationships (FWBRs) for 109 college students in the USA. Responses to open-ended questions were collected through an online questionnaire, and data were qualitatively analyzed through an inductive thematic analysis. The data were structured into communication rules, sexual rules, and relational definition rules. Results provide overlap and extension of previous work investigating rules in FWBRs. Notably, participants reported sexual exclusivity as an important rule. Additionally, potentially competing discourses in FWBR rules were best understood through the lens of relational dialectics. Findings reflect a tension in terms of relational work, as partners struggle with maintaining their sexual and friendship relationship while not falling into the “territory” of romantic relationships.
Fine-Grain Reconfigurable Logic Circuits for Adaptive and Secure Computing via Work-Function Engineered Schottky Barrier FinFETs

A comprehensive simulation study has been conducted to show fine-grain reconfigurability in CMOS circuits using work-function engineering (WFE) on Schottky Barrier (SB) FinFETs for sub-10nm gate length. The study has three subsections. First, two-transistor (2T) & 4T AOI (and-or-invert)/ OAI (or-and-invert) gates with select bits that allow multiple logic functions are introduced. Secondly, the use of WFE to create ultra-compact reconfigurable logic circuits of fundamental operations (0,1,OR, AND,NAND,NOR,XOR) are explored via novel 2T, 3T and 4T gates. These circuits include one or two select bits that are capable of commanding up to four functions with two inputs. To further illustrate the potential of WFE for reconfigurable logic, novel multi-stage circuits such as compact full-adders are also modelled via TCAD simulations. Power×delay product (PDP) figures and DC gain of the proposed gates are quantified and compared against the CMOS designs with similar functionality. Finally, we also design a novel compact one-bit arithmetic logic unit (ALU) which has seven exclusive logic operations (1, NAND, OR, XOR, NOR, Addition, Subtraction) with three select bits using only 26 SB-FinFETs, saving substantial amount of power and chip area. The trade-offs between the number of metal work-functions used in the designs, circuit complexity and simulated performance metrics are also provided. The comparative simulations between reconfigurable SB-FinFET based designs versus conventional p-n junction FinFET circuits show that WFE can lead to absolutely minimalist reconfigurable CMOS logic blocks using ×3 to ×10 less power and between ×2 and ×15 less area than static CMOS counterparts. Although they suffer greater delays (×2 to ×5), the overall PDP performance remains comparable to conventional CMOS.
The Reaction of N-α-(Bromoacetoxymethyl)maleimide with Hemoglobin

Abstract The reaction of N-α-(bromoacetoxymethyl)maleimide (AM) with human and horse hemoglobin was observed over a range of pH and ligand conditions. In the case of human hemoglobin, cys F9(93)β (Perutz, M. F., J. Mol. Biol., 13, 646 (1965)) was alkylated by the maleimide ring. This was followed by rapid hydrolysis of the ester bond in the reagent. With horse oxyhemoglobin, a transient covalent bridge between β chains was formed by reaction of the maleimide ring with cys F9(93)β followed by reaction of the bromoacetyl portion of the reagent with val NA1(1)β of the other β chain in the tetramer. After hydrolysis of the ester bond, which occurred spontaneously, the resulting hemoglobin derivative showed no cooperative interactions. A comparison of the dissociation behavior and rates of carboxypeptidase A digestion of horse oxy- and deoxy-AM-hemoglobin showed that the derivative resembled the oxy form of horse hemoglobin even in the absence of ligands. The alkylation of horse oxyhemoglobin could be carried out in two steps. By first reacting the AM reagent with cyanomethemoglobin at pH 5.7, the cys F9(93)β sulfhydryl group was alkylated. Addition of excess carbonmonoxyhemoglobin and raising the pH to 7 resulted in alkylation of the NH2 termini of the β chains by the bromoacetyl portion of the reagent. Separation of these hemoglobin derivatives was achieved. The two-step reaction sequence was also used to examine one feature of the conformation of a mixed cyanomet-AM-deoxyhemoglobin tetramer.