cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of bovine lactoferrin on muscle growth in vivo and in vitro.

Lactoferrin was found to be a potent stimulator of proliferation for L6 myoblasts. Both apo and holo-forms of lactoferrin were equipotent. By contrast, only the holo-form of transferrin (a structurally related iron binding protein) stimulated proliferation, apo-transferrin was without activity. Holo-transferrin was also less stimulatory than lactoferrin. Purified lactoferrin was administered to mature female rats and to neonatal rats by daily subcutaneous injection to determine if there was a measurable effect on muscle cell growth in vivo . Results from the in vivo studies suggest that lactoferrin has little or no effect on muscle cell growth in the whole animal.
On second language processing and grammatical development: The parser in second language acquisition

The parsing-to-learn hypothesis (Fodor, 1998) identifying the parser as the language acquisition device (PLAD) is discussed for second-language (L2) grammatical acquisition. Parsing is assumed to involve concomitant UG-sanctioned structure generation and licensing by a parameterized lexicon. In this architecture, licensing induces immediate changes to the lexical knowledge base as new feature matrices for categories and their exponents are registered. Stages arise as these matrices are increasingly activated and can be accessed within the narrow window imposed by working-memory limitations. Specifically, the PLAD instantiates feature re-assembly (Lardiere, 2009) in response to licensing failures (Clark & Roberts, 1993), characterizing transitions between grammatical states (Gregg, 1996, 2003) in the Full Transfer/Full Access model (Schwartz & Sprouse, 1994, 1996). The PLAD is examined in light of current research and of evidence showing mandatory engagement of syntax, breakdown reflecting feature organization, and domain-specificity. The PLAD offers potentially fruitful insights about L2 parsing and grammatical development.
Neurosarcoidosis Presenting as a Cerebellar Mass

A 74-year-old farmer presented with worsening headaches, gait unsteadiness, and writing difficulties. On examination, he had a tendency to fall to the right and right-sided dysmetria and dysdiadochokinesis. Magnetic resonance imaging initially showed abnormalities in the right cerebellar hemisphere, suggestive of subacute infarct or infiltrating malignancy. Suboccipital craniotomy and biopsy revealed noncaseating granulomas suggestive of sarcoidosis. He was initially treated with steroids and later switched to Infliximab. On follow-up 5 months later, symptoms and imaging had improved. Sarcoidosis affects the central nervous system in about 5% of patients. It usually manifests with cranial nerve palsies. It may rarely mimic a tumor as in this patient. Despite the dearth of controlled studies addressing neurosarcoidosis treatment, excellent responses to corticosteroids have been documented. Infliximab has been used as a steroid-sparing agent in neurosarcoidosis. We present this case of neurosarcoidosis presenting as a cerebellar mass to increase awareness of this condition.
WLC13-4: Bayesian Data Fusion for Asynchronous DS-CDMA Sensor Networks in Rayleigh Fading

In this paper, we propose asynchronous non-orthogonal communication between distributed sensors and a data fusion center via asynchronous direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA). Furthermore, we evaluate the performance of such a system in the presence of local-sensor and channel errors due to multiple-access interference (MAI) and noise. We derive the optimal Bayesian receiver for this system operating over both a simple AWGN channel and a Rayleigh-fading channel, assuming full knowledge of the channel fading coefficients. The optimal receiver is shown to have exponential complexity as a function of the number of sensors. A set of low-complexity partitioned receivers are then proposed and analyzed in relation to the optimal one. These partitioned receivers are based on well-known linear and nonlinear multiuser detectors for DS-CDMA. The synchronous DS-CDMA case was studied previously, and it is shown here that the degradation induced by moving to an asynchronous model is relatively small for the optimal receiver. Moreover, we provide compelling evidence that the quality of the local-sensor decisions is the limiting factor in fusion performance for fading channels with high signal-to-noise ratio.
Systematic Web Data Mining with Business Architecture to Enhance Business Assessment Services

Among the numerous challenges faced by enterprises today, two recent trends have significantly impacted the manner businesses are run and decisions are made. First, many enterprises have adopted Business Architecture concepts to structure, define, plan, measure and optimize their operations. Second, enterprises have leveraged the vast wealth of dynamic and unstructured web information to identify competitive advantages, recognize social media sentiment patterns or anomalies, and assuage potentially damaging client perceptions. These tasks are commonly performed independently of each other, thus missing several synergetic opportunities. By establishing a systematic relationship between these seemingly disjoint trends, enterprises and consulting service companies gain competitive, operational advantages, and recurring benefits. This paper describes a systematic approach whereby results from text mining analysis are integrated with the Business Architecture to empower business users to leverage social media data for increased decision making efficiencies. Applying design science, the proposed approach is explained by providing a conceptual model and a two-phased integration method. It is then buttressed by a sample scenario derived from the banking industry. We discuss the potential operational and competitive gains realized by adopting our approach, and the directions for future work.
Obstructive congenital epulis: prenatal diagnosis and perinatal management.

Objective To describe a multidisciplinary approach for delivery room management of congenital epulis. Study Design Case reports. Methods Reporting of two cases of congenital epulis and review of the literature. Results Antepartum ultrasonography demonstrated massive intraoral masses in two fetuses whereby concerns regarding the patency of the airway at birth necessitated development of a multidisciplinary team of maternal–fetal medicine, neonatal–perinatal medicine, anesthesiology, and otolaryngology. Surgical excision was performed before delivery in one infant and after complete delivery in the other without a need for endotracheal intubation and general anesthesia. Feeding was started early, and both infants were discharged after brief hospital stays. Pathological findings were consistent with congenital epulis. Differential diagnosis and options for surgical intervention are discussed, including ex utero intrapartum treatment. Conclusions A multidisciplinary approach to antenatally identified congenital intraoral masses facilitates care at birth. Surgical treatment in this milieu may be simple and complete at the time of delivery.
Confidentiality, Privacy, and Respect: Experiences of Female Sex Workers Participating in HIV Research in Andhra Pradesh, India:

Female sex workers (FSWs) from Andhra Pradesh, India, who had participated in HIV research were interviewed to examine participant perspectives on research ethics. Content analysis indicated that aspects of the consent process, staff gender and demeanor, study environment, survey content, time requirements for study participation, and perceived FSW community support for research were key factors influencing whether FSWs perceived their confidentiality and privacy had been maintained, and whether they felt the study was conducted respectfully. Findings suggest that partnership with community-based organizations and investigation of participant's experiences in HIV prevention research can provide critical information to best inform research ethics protocols, a particular priority among research studies with highly stigmatized populations, such as FSWs.
Role of Tetrahydrobiopterin in Cytokine-Stimulated Metabolism of Tryptophan and Hydroxylation of Arginine

The mechanisms which lead to central nervous system pathology observed in inflammatory neurological diseases, such as AIDS, meningitis, and multiple sclerosis, are not understood. It is now clear, however, that many biochemical systems are induced or activated by potent cytokines released by cells of the immune system in these diseases and some potential candidates for mediators of neuronal cell toxicity or death have been identified. It has long been known that induction of pterin synthesis, as measured by increased levels of neopterin in cerebrospinal fluid, serum and urine, is a useful surrogate marker for activation of the immune system.1 In 1975, we pointed out that elevated neopterin levels in patients with HIV infection correlated with the stage of the disease.2 Although the identification of a functional biological role of neopterin has remained elusive, the discoveries by Werner and colleagues that cytokines stimulate a parallel increase in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis and tryptophan degradation in human cells suggested a possible functional biochemical link between these two pathways.3 It has also now convincingly been demonstrated that stimulation of L-tryptophan metabolism results in dramatic increases in serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of the neuroactive metabolites, kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid, and quinolinic acid, arising as a result of cytokine activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity.4 Furthermore, in a model system for HIV infection in humans, we correlated tryptophan metabolite levels and neopterin in D-retrovirus infected macaques.
Acute administration of cocaine regulates the phosphorylation of serine-19, -31 and -40 in tyrosine hydroxylase.

Acute cocaine can inhibit catecholamine biosynthesis by regulating the enzymatic activity of tyrosine hydroxylase via alterations in the phosphorylation state of the enzyme. The mechanisms underlying acute cocaine-dependent regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation have not been determined. In this study, 0, 15 or 30 mg/kg cocaine was administered intraperitoneally to rats and the phosphorylation state of tyrosine hydroxylase in the brain was examined using antibodies specific for the phosphorylated forms of serine-19, -31 and -40 in tyrosine hydroxylase. In the caudate and nucleus accumbens, cocaine dose-dependently decreased the levels of phosphorylated serine-19, -31 and -40. In the ventral tegmental area, the levels of phosphorylated serine-19, but not serine-31 and -40, were decreased by 15 and 30 mg/kg cocaine. In the amygdala, the levels of phosphorylated serine-19, but not serine-31 or -40, were decreased. The functional effects of these alterations in phosphorylation state were assessed by measuring tyrosine hydroxylase activity in vivo(accumulation of DOPA after administration of the decarboxylase inhibitor NSD-1015). Acute administration of 30 mg/kg cocaine significantly decreased l-DOPA production in caudate and accumbens but not in amygdala. These data suggest that the phosphorylation of serine-31 or -40, but not serine-19, is involved in the regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity by acute cocaine.
Mimetic theory: toward a New Zealand application

New research on imitation is confirming cultural anthropologist Rene Girard's theory that mimetic behaviours shape human culture much more than we once assumed. Even desire and the passions are mimetic–people want what they see others wanting, they copy their desires–which leads to people's interests converging, to rivalry, violence and scapegoating. From the psychology of personal relationships to international politics, Girard's theory about the evolution of human culture and its maintenance applies to an increasing range of fields. This article outlines mimetic theory and its engagement with the sciences and explores some of its import for the New Zealand context, including the country's bicultural Waitangi origins and tensions, its ‘tall poppy’ syndrome and the current emphasis on the ‘innovation economy’.
The Impact of Religion on the Going Concern Reporting Decisions of Local Audit Practice Offices

We extend research on the effects of local audit practice office characteristics on audit quality by investigating whether audit offices in highly religious U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) exhibit going concern decisions that reflect heightened professional skepticism relative to audit offices in less religious MSAs. Prior research links religiosity to risk aversion and ethical development and suggests audit practice offices in more religious MSAs are more likely to issue going concern opinions because they exhibit greater professional skepticism. Our results indicate that audit practice offices located in highly religious MSAs are more likely to issue going concern audit opinions, consistent with greater levels of professional skepticism. Additional tests provide direct evidence consistent with the argument that these audit offices are more risk averse in issuing going concern opinions. In addition, we find that they issue going concern reports with greater bankruptcy prediction accuracy. Our findings are relevant to auditors, audit clients, researchers, and regulators.
Energy-delay analysis of wireless systems with random coding [WLAN]

In this work, we investigate the tradeoff between energy and delay for wireless networks utilizing the IEEE 802.11 standard for medium access control. The proposed analysis provides the joint distribution of the energy and delay of a transmitted data packet, which is then used to evaluate the corresponding average values. Our analysis takes into account the effect of the channel noise on the transmission of the RTS, CTS, data, and ACK packets. Furthermore, channel coding is incorporated in the analysis by estimating the packet error probability using error-exponent-based bounds under a memoryless channel. Using these analysis tools, the code rate and the signal-to-noise ratio per dimension are optimized to achieve minimum average delay per information bit.
Allosteric modulators hit the TSH receptor.

The receptor for TSH (TSHR) has captured our interest and imagination since it was first demonstrated to be a major human antigen in autoimmune thyroid disease. The original realization that the immunoglobulin fraction of sera from patients with Graves' disease incorporated unique human autoantibodies to the TSHR led to the unraveling of the great complexity that the TSHR exhibits in comparison with its orthologous partners; the LH and FSH receptors (1, 2). The TSHR is a member of the class A G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family with 7 transmembrane regions. The holoreceptor consists of 764 amino acids divided into a large, highly glycosylated, ectodomain of 415 amino acids incorporating 11 leucine rich repeats and which has been crystallized bound to a stimulating TSHR antibody (3). The ectodomain is linked to a distal signal-specific domain, which is a hinge region of 130 amino acids. The hinge region is attached to a transmembrane domain (TMD) of 349 amino acids typical of the GPCR family incorporating 7 transmembrane helices (TMHs) joined by extracellular (ECL) and intracellular (ICL) loops (Figure 1).
A random network model of message transmission

A model for message transmission through a network with unreliable nodes and links is presented; the assumptions are that nodes and links operate independently with probabilities α and β respectively. The following performance measures are derived: the probability of reaching k nodes by transmission m, the probability an arbitrary operable node is reached on the mth transmission, and the probability that d transmissions are required to reach all operable nodes. The algorithms are illustrated with a five-node example network; some performance measures are shown graphically for a range of parameter values. This work was sponsored by the Electronic Systems Division of the United States Air Force Systems Command.
A nonlinear hyperbolic volterra equation

A mathematical model for the motion of a nonlinear one dimensional viscoelastic rod is analysed by an energy method developed by C.M. Dafermos and the author. Global existence, uniqueness, boundedness, and the decay of smooth solutions as t → ∞ are established for sufficiently smooth and "small" data.
Law 2.0: The New Continuum of Legal Education

Today’s legal educators aim at a moving target. Education invariably prepares students for a future that is different from the present. But fundamental change in the legal profession today occurs at an unusually rapid pace.Dynamism within the legal landscape is notable in itself. Law is traditionally conceived of as a slow moving, incremental, and conservative profession. Regulation, such as the regulatory structure that superintends legal services, typically attenuates the rate of industry change. Yet the characterization of a stable, slow moving professional business models is no longer accurate within law. Instead, this is a period in which creation and destruction occur at a brisk clip.
Solubility of the Corn Protein Zein in Imidazolium-based Ionic Liquids

The solubility of the corn protein zein is measured gravimetrically from 30 to 60 °C in seven imidazolium-based ionic liquids and three conventional solvents, acetic acid, 70 vol % aqueous ethanol, and 1-methylimidazole. At elevated temperatures the solubility of zein in six of the ionic liquids exceeds that of the current industry standard, 70 vol % aqueous ethanol. The ionic liquids 1-methylimidazolium acetate and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide can dissolve 2.5 times more zein at 60 °C than 70 vol % aqueous ethanol. Single and multivariate regressions are used to model zein’s solubility as a function of common solvent properties. Solvents able to dissolve more zein have small molecular volumes, low polarities, and act as a weak hydrogen bond acceptors.
Dependence of Skeletal Muscle Vascular Response to Serotonin Upon the Level of Vascular Resistance

Summary5-Hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT; serotonin) was infused intra-arterially at sequentially faster rates in 52 isolated, collateral-free gracilis muscles of dogs. The rates chosen produced no systemic effects. Both constant (pump perfused) and natural flow experiments were conducted. Serotonin was first tested in muscles with unaltered initial resistance and subsequently in the same muscles after baseline resistance was increased by sympathetic nerve stimulation or lowered by exercise. 5-HT consistently increased vascular resistance in muscles with an initial low resistance. The resistance response (decrease) caused by 5-HT in muscles with an initial high resistance could be reversed by lowering baseline resistance metabolically (exercise). Also, the increase in resistance caused by 5-HT in muscles with an initial low resistance could be reversed by increasing baseline resistance via sympathetic nerve stimulation. These data show that the local vascular response of gracilis muscle to 5-HT is dependent upon...
Abundance of cotton aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) and associated biological control agents on six cotton cultivars

The seasonal abundance patterns of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, and its complex of biological control agents on six cotton cultivars differed among cultivars during much of the growing season. Differences in aphid populations among cultivars were >3-fold during the period of peak aphid abundance. Lower aphid densities were found on cultivars exhibiting the smooth-leaf character. Parasitism and predation may have reduced cotton aphid population growth early in the season. Entomopathogen infection was the primary cause of an aphid population reduction that occurred during the week after peak aphid abundance, and continued pathogen activity combined with predation maintained aphids at a low density for the remainder of the season.
Investigating an author's influence using citation analyses: Christopher Alexander (1964-2014)

Citation analyses are used to investigate the influence of architect Christopher Alexander over the period of 1964-2014. Alexander's work has been so influential that he has been cited by nearly 2000 source items in the Web of Science Core Collection, by Thomson Reuters. Alexander's work has had a profound interdisciplinary reach. Citation analyses reveal that scholars in computing disciplines have cited Alexander's work more than scholars in any other discipline including architecture. Alexander's most cited work, A Pattern Language, is one of two volumes that Alexander refers to as an indivisible whole. These analyses reveal very different citation patterns for the two volumes of this indivisible whole. Although the difference is measurable, in terms of number of citations, we cannot say why this is so. However, the results of these analyses raise several questions including why we, as a community, have for the most part cited only a piece of this indivisible whole. The citation patterns support that this series has been largely reduced to one of its parts, when possibly the whole is greater than the sum of its parts or one of its parts. In this paper I propose that we might begin to see the potential benefits of pattern languages in computing disciplines when we take holistic approach, considering and applying the theory as described in all of the volumes in the series.
Team communication behaviors of the human-automation teaming

If synthetic teammates are to be considered “team players”, then they must be better equipped to handle the subtleties of communication and coordination with their human teammates. In this study, the team communication behaviors of a human-automation team were analyzed for the identification of which are the best predictors of team performance. The LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) method was used to select the team communication behaviors that were the best predictors of team performance and, in the end, 16 such role related communication behaviors (at both the role and condition level) were included in the final model. Findings indicate that in general, negatively perceived communication behaviors are predictors of negative team performance. Through this study, we also learned that even when human team members follow their optimal and expected communication behaviors when communicating with a synthetic teammate, these behaviors are still predictors of negative team performance. This finding holds important future considerations: even if human team members are properly communicating with a synthetic teammate, the errors and lack of human-like behavior on the part of the latter can still result in a negative team performance.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Complementary and Alternative Medicine inTreating Anxiety Disorders

Objectives: Using survey data, this study produces estimates of the cost, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of complementary and alternative medicine combined with traditional therapies (pharmacotherapy and/or psychotherapy) in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Unlike past cost-effectiveness analyses that use a narrow definition or randomized controlled trials, this study uses a broad definition of complementary and alternative medicines and survey data to assess the cost-effectiveness. Study Desi and Outcome Measures: This analysis uses the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), an overlapping panel survey of medical use, expenditure, and health status for the civilian non-institutionalized U.S. population to identity economic costs and effects for individuals with anxiety disorders. The primary measure of effect is based on self-perceived mental health status. Cost-effectiveness is determined by estimation of incremental net benefit method. Potential self-selection bias is investigated using observable characteristics and inverse propensity score weighting. Results: Complementary and alternative medicine users with an anxiety disorder showed a statistically insignificant decrease in costs compared to nonusers ($458.95 versus $467.03; p-value 0.920). Complementary and alternative medicine expenditures were offset by a statistically significant decrease in office-based and pharmaceutical costs. Complementary and alternative medicine users showed an increase in the probability of steady or improved mental health compared to nonusers (0.7549 versus 0.6912; p-value 0.190) resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of -$12.70 per 10% increase in the probability of steady or increased mental health. The evidence suggests a high probability that complementary and alternative medicine is cost-effective for large values of effect for anxiety disorders (p-value 0.080 for WTP of $5000). Conclusions: This survey data indicates complementary and alternative medicine users with anxiety disorders had slightly lower costs and improved outcomes. Limitations are considered.
Inclusive production of small radius jets in heavy-ion collisions

Abstract We develop a new formalism to describe the inclusive production of small radius jets in heavy-ion collisions, which is consistent with jet calculations in the simpler proton–proton system. Only at next-to-leading order (NLO) and beyond, the jet radius parameter R and the jet algorithm dependence of the jet cross section can be studied and a meaningful comparison to experimental measurements is possible. We are able to consistently achieve NLO accuracy by making use of the recently developed semi-inclusive jet functions within Soft Collinear Effective Theory (SCET). In addition, single logarithms of the jet size parameter α s n ln n ⁡ R are resummed to next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL R ) accuracy in proton–proton collisions. The medium modified semi-inclusive jet functions are obtained within the framework of SCET with Glauber gluons that describe the interaction of jets with the medium. We present numerical results for the suppression of inclusive jet cross sections in heavy ion collisions at the LHC and the formalism developed here can be extended directly to corresponding jet substructure observables.
Nanoengineered Stent Surface to Reduce In-Stent Restenosis in Vivo

In-stent restenosis (ISR) is the leading cause of stent failure and is a direct result of a dysfunctional vascular endothelium and subsequent overgrowth of vascular smooth muscle tissue. TiO2 nanotubular (NT) arrays have been shown to affect vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro by accelerating VEC cell proliferation and migration while suppressing VSMCs. This study investigates for the first time the potentially beneficial effects of TiO2 NT arrays on vascular tissue in vivo. TiO2 NT arrays (NT diameter: 90 ± 5 nm, height: 1800 ± 300 nm) were grown on the surface of titanium stents and characterized in terms of surface morphology and stability. Stents were implanted into the iliofemoral artery using an overinflation model (rabbit). After 28 days, stenosis rates were determined. The data show a statistically significant reduction of stenosis by 30% compared to the control. Tissue in the presence of TiO2 NTs appears more mature, and less neointima is present be...
Challenges and Complications of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Carpal tunnel release (CTR) is a common procedure with a relatively low complication rate ranging from 1 to 25%; however, some of those complications can be potentially devastating. This chapter reviews complications following carpal tunnel release surgery, both theoretical and those cited in the literature, ranging from the common to uncommon. A review of the evaluation and treatment of complications following CTR is included. A thorough understanding of the risks inherent to the procedure and the ability to proficiently evaluate and manage them is an indispensable trademark of the capable hand surgeon.
Nuclear Long Noncoding RNAs: Key Regulators of Gene Expression

A significant portion of the human genome encodes genes that transcribe long nonprotein-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). A large number of lncRNAs localize in the nucleus, either enriched on the chromatin or localized to specific subnuclear compartments. Nuclear lncRNAs participate in several biological processes, including chromatin organization, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene expression, and also act as structural scaffolds of nuclear domains. Here, we highlight recent studies demonstrating the role of lncRNAs in regulating gene expression and nuclear organization in mammalian cells. In addition, we update current knowledge about the involvement of the most-abundant and conserved lncRNA, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), in gene expression control.
Founder Centrality and Strategic Behavior in the Family-Owned Firm:

This paper explores how founders influence strategic management in the family business. The authors suggest it is essential to consider the central influence of a family firm's founder on the top m...
Artificial Intelligence… ‘What Will Its Contributions Be to Process Control’?

The design of process control systems and the on-line control of chemical plants requires the systematic coordination of a multitude of tasks. In turn, each of these tasks has many facets requiring data, numerical algorithms, decision-making procedures, and human intervention to provide experiential knowledge. Artificial intelligence can play an important role in automating many of these tasks through the use of computers. The benefits can be: decreased cost and increased reliability. Its essential contribution is in providing the theoretical and technological foundations to enable the development of engineering solutions to process control problems. It does so by providing new models to represent knowledge about the world; structures to model and control the complexity of information flows; and procedures to automate planning, scheduling, diagnostic or design tasks. To concretely outline artificial intelligence's contributions to process control, this paper has focussed on two subjects: first, the development of an Intelligent Process Control System which can enhance automation in the control room, by adopting an integrated view of process control; second, the design of a software system, currently under development, to be used as an expert apprentice during the synthesis of control configurations within a plant-wide scope. The discussion of these two systems covers almost all issues where artificial intelligence can play a role, and indicates its synergistic complementarity with systems- and control-theoretical algorithmic procedures.
Analytic modeling of dipolar field requirements for robust coupling in a non-identical biaxial two-magnet system

Magnetic bodies interact with each other through magnetic dipolar fields that depend on the instantaneous magnetization vectors of the coupled magnetic bodies in a system. Previous studies have shown that reliable, deterministic coupling can be achieved in identical two-magnet systems and is a function of the longitudinal and perpendicular components of the dipolar field. In this work, we extend previous work significantly by developing analytic models that map the regions of dipolar field driven magnetization reversal of a non-identical two-magnet system. Models are obtained for mono-domain magnetic bodies with biaxial magnetic anisotropy. The analytic models presented map the necessary requirements for a deterministically coupled two-magnet system. In these deterministic, stable reversals, the two-magnet system stabilizes in an anti-parallel configuration along the natural free-axis of the system, regardless of thermal effects. However, non-deterministic reversals can also occur in certain non-identical systems. These pseudo-reversals occur because only one of the nanomagnets meets the critical field requirements. In this case, the system reversal is a result of thermal drift and therefore complex function system parameters and observation time. We also note that multi-magnet systems may find steady-state orientations away from the free-axis if the perpendicular components of the dipolar field are too large. We present models which accurately map the field magnitudes which result in these meta-stable reversals. Lastly, models to interpret the impact of dipolar coupling on the critical current requirement for spin-transfer-torque driven magnetization switching are also presented in this manuscript. This work greatly expands our understanding of the complex-field interaction in multi-magnet systems and is crucial when evaluating complex magnetic devices.
Impact of ground mover motion and windowing on stationary and moving shadows in synthetic aperture radar imagery

This paper describes the impact of ground mover motion and windowing on stationary and moving shadows in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and video SAR mode imagery. The technique provides a foundation for optimizing algorithms that detect ground movers in SAR imagery. The video SAR mode provides a persistent view of a scene centered at the Motion Compensation Point (MCP). The radar platform follows a circular flight path. Detecting a stationary shadow in a SAR image is important because the shadow indicates a detection of an object with a height component near the shadow. Similarly, the detection of a shadow that moves from frame to frame indicates the detection of a ground mover at the location of the moving shadow. An approach analyzes the impact of windowing in calculating the brightness of a pixel in a stationary, finite-sized shadow region. An extension of the approach describes the pixel brightness for a moving shadow as a function of its velocity. The pixel brightness provides an upper bound on the Probability of Detection (PD) and a lower bound on the Probability of False Alarm (PFA) for a finite-sized, stationary or moving shadow in the presence of homogeneous, ideal clutter. Synthetic data provides shadow characteristics for a radar scenario that lend themselves for detecting a ground mover. The paper presents 2011-2014 flight data collected by General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, Inc. (GA-ASI).
‘That street is taking us to home’: young children’s photographs of public spaces

Children’s identities constitute and are constituted by the everyday spaces they inhabit. Though there are innumerable accounts of what adults think public spaces like subways and city streets mean...
Home Oxygen and 2-Year Outcomes of Preterm Infants With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

OBJECTIVES: To compare medical and developmental outcomes over the first 2 years of life in extremely preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) who were discharged on supplemental oxygen via nasal cannula with outcomes of infants with a similar severity of respiratory illness who were discharged breathing in room air. METHODS: We performed a propensity score–matched cohort study. Eligible infants were born at RESULTS: A total of 1039 infants discharged on supplemental oxygen were propensity score matched 1:1 to infants discharged breathing in room air. Infants on oxygen had a marginal improvement in weight z score (adjusted mean difference 0.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.00 to 0.22), with a significantly improved weight-for-length z score (adjusted mean difference 0.13; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.20) at 22 to 26 months’ corrected age. Infants on oxygen were more likely to be rehospitalized for respiratory illness (adjusted relative risk 1.33; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.53) and more likely to use respiratory medications and equipment. Rates of neurodevelopmental impairment were similar between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: In this matched cohort of infants with BPD, postdischarge oxygen was associated with marginally improved growth and increased resource use but no difference in neurodevelopmental outcomes. Ongoing and future trials are critical to assess the efficacy and safety of postdischarge supplemental oxygen for infants with BPD.
Acute Settings and Conditions: Intensive Care Unit, Heart Disease, Stroke, Seizures

Intensive Care Units, and acute medical conditions seen in such settings are associaed with acute stress and various psychiatric and psychological conditions. They include, delirium in the ICU, and the role of defense and coping mechanisms and personality. Psychiatric aspects of heart disease, stroke, and seizures are discussed.
Orgasm, gender, and responses to heterosexual casual sex

Abstract There is a persistent gender difference in how positively young adults react to casual sex, with men reporting slightly more positive responses than women. Multiple factors have been studied as possible explanations for the gender difference, but nothing has completely accounted the variance between women and men's responses to casual sex. Although prior research identifies sexual pleasure as a primary factor associated with positive responses, women and men may understand or report on this construct differently due to gendered socialization, making it difficult to compare responses across groups. One measure that is less subject to subjective interpretation or response bias may be whether a person orgasms during a given casual sex encounter. In the present research, we test the relationships between gender, orgasm, and reactions following most recent casual sex encounter across three samples of young adults. Results indicate that orgasm mediates the gender difference in how positively participants respond to casual sex. Specifically, men are more likely to orgasm during casual sex, and people who orgasm during casual sex are more likely to experience positive reactions afterwards. Therefore, while gender may be one way to describe the discrepancy in how positive people feel following casual sex, orgasm explains it.
Chelating Borohydrides for Lanthanides and Actinides: Structures, Mechanochemistry, and Case Studies with Phosphinodiboranates.

In this Forum Article, we review the development of chelating borohydride ligands called aminodiboranates (H3BNR2BH3–) and phosphinodiboranates (H3BPR2BH3–) for the synthesis of trivalent f-element...
Demographic and Burn Injury-Specific Variables Associated with Limited Joint Mobility at Discharge in a Multicenter Study

Burn scar contractures. Existing research on contractures is limited by incomplete analysis of potential contributing variables and differing protocols. This study expands the exploration of contributing variables to include surgery and rehabilitation treatment-related factors. Additionally, this study quantifies direct patient therapy time and patient exposure to rehabilitation prevention therapies. Data from subjects enrolled in the prospective Burn Patient Acuity Demographics, Scar Contractures and Rehabilitation Treatment Related to Patient Outcome Study (ACT) were analyzed to determine variables related to a limited range of motion (limROM) in seven joints and 18 motions (forearm supination) at discharge. Chi-squared and Student's t-test were used accordingly. Multivariate analysis was performed at the patient and joint motion level to control for confounders. Of the 300-member study group, 259 (86.3%) patients had limROM at discharge. Variables independently related to the development of moderate-to-severe limROM on the patient level were larger TBSA, having skin grafted and prolonged bed rest. Variables independently related to moderate-severe limROM on the joint motion level were the percentage of cutaneous functional unit (CFU) burned (P = .044), increase in the length of stay, weight gain, poor compliance with rehabilitation therapy and lower extremity joint burns. Rates of limROM are increased in patients who had larger burns, required surgery, had a greater percentage of the associated CFU burned, and had lower extremity burns. Attention to adequate pain control to ensure rehabilitation tolerance and early ambulation may also decrease limROM at discharge and quicker return to pre-burn activities and employment.
The Spin and Magnetic Moment of Ti 47 and Ti 49 and the Magnetic Moment of Ge 73

The spin and magnetic moment of ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{47}$ and ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{49}$ have been measured by nuclear induction. The results are: $I({\mathrm{Ti}}^{47})=\frac{5}{2}$, $I({\mathrm{Ti}}^{49})=\frac{7}{2}$, $\ensuremath{\mu}({\mathrm{Ti}}^{47})=\ensuremath{-}(0.78706\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0001)$ nm, $\ensuremath{\mu}({\mathrm{Ti}}^{49})=\ensuremath{-}(1.1022\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0002)$ nm. The magnetic moment of ${\mathrm{Ge}}^{73}$ has been measured by nuclear induction with the result: $\ensuremath{\mu}({\mathrm{Ge}}^{73})=\ensuremath{-}(0.87675\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.00012)$ nm. These results are compared to the predictions of the shell model of nuclear structure.
Decreased plasma levels of the survival factor renalase are associated with worse outcomes in COVID-19

Abstract Introduction Renalase (RNLS), a novel secreted plasma flavoprotein, has anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of disease processes. Severe COVID-19 disease is associated with disordered inflammatory responses. We hypothesized that reduced plasma RNLS levels could be a marker of COVID-19 disease severity. Methods Plasma was collected from 51 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 15 uninfected non-hospitalized controls. Plasma RNLS and cytokine levels were measured and sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from chart review. Data were analyzed using nonparametric analyses and Kaplan Meir curve log rank analysis. Results Plasma RNLs levels were negatively correlated with inflammatory markers, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα (p = 0.04, p = 0.03, p = 0.01, respectively). Patients with COVID-19 disease had lower levels of RNLS than controls. Lower levels of RNLS were associated with more severe disease among COVID-19 patients. Low RNLS was also associated with worse survival among COVID-19 patients (HR = 4.54; 95% CI: 1.06-19.43; p = 0.005). Conclusion Low plasma RNLS levels are associated with severe COVID-19 disease and may be a useful additional biomarker when identifying patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Given RNLS’ antiinflammatory properties and negative correlation with inflammatory markers, these findings also suggest evidence of a potential pathophysiological mechanism for severe COVID-19 disease.
Soft tissue variations influence HR-pQCT density measurements in a spatially dependent manner.

Abstract Objective Significant weight loss following treatments for obesity undermines bone metabolism and increases bone turnover and fracture incidence. High resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) is widely used in skeletal heath assessment research to provide noninvasive bone parameter measurement (e.g. volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD)) with minimal radiation exposure. However, variation in body composition among study groups or longitudinal variations within individuals undergoing significant weight change will generate artifacts and errors in HR-pQCT data. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of these artifacts on the measurement of vBMD. Methods We designed a custom-made hydroxyapatite (HA)-polymer phantom surrounded by layers of reusable gel pack and hydrogenated fat to mimic the distal tibia and the surrounding lean and fat tissue. Four different thicknesses of fat were used to mimic the soft tissue of increasingly overweight individuals. We then evaluated how a change in soft tissue thickness influenced image quality and vBMD quantification within total, trabecular, and cortical bone compartments. Based on these data, we applied a data correction to previously acquired clinical data in a cohort of gastric bypass patients. Results In the phantom measurements, total, trabecular, and cortical vBMD increased as soft tissue thickness decreased. The impact of soft tissue thickness on vBMD varied by anatomic quadrant. When applying the soft tissue data correction to a set of clinical data, we found that soft tissue reduction following bariatric surgery can lead to a clinically significant underestimation of bone loss in longitudinal data, and that the effect is most severe in the cortical compartment. Conclusion HR-pQCT-based vBMD measurement accuracy is influenced by soft tissue thickness and is spatially inhomogeneous. Our results suggest that variations in soft tissue thickness must be considered in HR-pQCT studies, particularly in studies enrolling cohorts with differing body composition or in studies of longitudinal weight change.
Transacting with Strangers in a Digital World

In a brief but ambitious Journal of Macromarketing commentary, Lusch (2017) offered a set of observations about the “evolution of economic exchange systems.” His first observation states that over ...
Geographic Hotspots for Low Birthweight: An Analysis of Counties With Persistently High Rates.

This study evaluated persistency in county-level rates of low birthweight outcomes to identify "hotspot counties" and their associated area-level characteristics. Administrative data from the National Center for Health Statistics Birth Data Files, years 2011 to 2016 were used to calculate annual county-level rates of low birthweight. Counties ranking in the worst quintile (Q5) for ≥3 years with a neighboring county in the worst quintile were identified as hotspot counties. Multivariate logistic regression was used to associate county-level characteristics with hotspot designation. Adverse birth outcomes were persistent in poor performing counties, with 52% of counties in Q5 for low birthweight in 2011 remaining in Q5 in 2016. The rate of low birthweight among low birthweight hotspot counties (n = 495) was 1.6 times the rate of low birthweight among non-hotspot counties (9.3% vs 5.8%). The rate of very low birthweight among very low birthweight hotspot counties (n = 387) was twice as high compared to non-hotspot counties (1.8% vs 0.9%). A one standard deviation (6.5%) increase in the percentage of adults with at least a high school degree decreased the probability of low birthweight hotspot designation by 1.7 percentage points (P = .006). A one standard deviation (20%) increase in the percentage of the population that was of minority race/ethnicity increased hotspot designation for low birthweight by 5.7 percentage points (P < .001). Given the association between low birthweight and chronic conditions, hotspot counties should be a focus for policy makers in order to improve health equity across the life course.
'A Self-Ordained Professor’s Tongue': Therapeutic Jurisprudence in the Classroom

This short paper is the first in the Occasional Papers Series just inaugurated by the International Society for Therapeutic Jurisprudence (ISTJ) (see intltj.com). In it, I report on results of surveys I have done via the TJ LISTSERV, seeking information about what therapeutic jurisprudence courses are being offered (and have been offered in the past). The survey shows (1) that there is a remarkably wide range of such courses, (2) that these courses are being offered not just in law schools, but also in graduate schools and, on some cases, to undergraduates, and (3) that these course are being offered all over the world. The courses include ones in which therapeutic jurisprudence is in the title, where it is the focus of the course, where it is a specific module in the course, and where it is mentioned regularly in the course. To some extent, this survey should speak to a topic that Professor David Yamada has recently discussed: that TJ “needs to expand and deepen its work in relevant categories of civil law and procedure, as well as in the realm of legal institutions.” I believe that it is also essential that professors - -both in law and elsewhere --- begin to focus more on TJ in the classroom. It also is meant to aid in what Professor David Wexler has characterized as “the struggle of injecting TJ into a law curriculum,” even if it is discussed only in a brief and basic way.