cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of T-box gene tbx-2 for anterior foregut muscle development in C. elegans

During organogenesis, pluripotent precursor cells acquire a defined identity such as muscle or nerve. The transition from naive precursor towards the differentiated state is characterized by sequential waves of gene expression that are determined by regulatory transcription factors. A key question is how transcriptional circuitry dictates the succession of events that accompanies developmental competence, cell fate specification and differentiation. To address this question, we have examined how anterior muscles are established within the Caenorhabditis elegans foregut (pharynx). We find that the T-box transcription factor tbx-2 is essential to form anterior pharyngeal muscles from the ABa blastomere. In the absence of tbx-2 function, ABa-derived cells initiate development normally: they receive glp-1/Notch signaling cues, activate the T-box gene TBX-38 and express the organ selector gene PHA-4/FoxA. However, these cells subsequently arrest development, extinguish PHA-4 and fail to activate PHA-4 target genes. tbx-2 mutant cells do not undergo apoptosis and there is no evidence for adoption of an alternative fate. TBX-2 is expressed in ABa descendants and depends on activation by pha-4 and repression by components of glp-1/Notch signaling. Our analysis suggests that a positive feedback loop between tbx-2 and pha-4 is required for ABa-derived precursors to commit to pharyngeal muscle fate.
Neural network of structures in which GABAB receptors regulate absence seizures in the lethargic (lh/lh) mouse model

In previous work we have shown that GABAB receptors are required for expression of absence seizures in the lethargic (lh/lh) mouse model; that lh/lh mice have increased numbers of GABAB binding sites compared to nonepileptic littermates (designated +/+); and that the magnitude of the increased number of GABAB receptors in lh/lh mice correlated positively with the frequency of absence seizures. We performed this study to delineate the neural network in which GABAB receptors regulate absence seizures in lh/lh mice. We designed three successive screens which had to be passed by a candidate neuronal population before it could be considered a member of the neural network in which GABAB receptors regulate absence seizures. First, the neuronal populations in lh/lh mice had to have enriched GABAB binding sites compared to homologous populations in matched nonepileptic controls; baclofen- displaceable 3H-GABA binding was measured in autoradiograms for this screen. Second, the candidate populations had to generate spike-wave discharges (SWDs) during absence seizures in lh/lh mice; bipolar recording electrodes implanted into candidate neuronal structures were used in this screen. Third, the candidate populations had to demonstrate GABAB receptor-mediated regulation of absence seizures in lh/lh mice; microinjections of a GABAB agonist [(-)-baclofen] and antagonist (CGP 35348) were used for this screen. In this study we found that anterior ventral lateral thalamic nucleus (VLa), nucleus reticularis thalami (NRT), nucleus reuniens (RE) passed all three screens, and hence are members of the neural network in which GABAB receptors regulate absence seizures in lh/lh mice.
Settling Characteristics of Calcareous Sand

This paper provides quantitative comparisons and relationships for the fall velocities and drag coefficients of 998 calcareous sand grains collected on Oahu, Hawaii. Laboratory analyses of the grains provide the three orthogonal dimensions, fall velocity, and density, from which the nominal diameter, drag coefficient, Reynolds number, and shape factor are evaluated for each grain. The fall velocity and drag coefficient expressed, respectively, as functions of nominal diameter and Reynolds number show strong correlation over a wide range of Corey shape factors. The present relationships are validated with published data based on quartz grains. Analysis of the data by flow regime shows that particle shape has a stronger influence on the settling characteristics when turbulent boundary layers develop around the grains.
The Search for Ontological Emergence

We survey and clarify some recent appearances of the term ‘emergence’. We distinguish epistemological emergence, which is merely a limitation of descriptive apparatus, from ontological emergence, which should involve causal features of a whole system not reducible to the properties of its parts, thus implying the failure of part/whole reductionism and of mereological supervenience for that system. Are there actually any plausible cases of the latter among the numerous and various mentions of ‘emergence’ in the recent literature? Quantum mechanics seems to offer one, in the Bell properties of entangled particles, but other apparently promising candidates, such as non-linear dynamical systems investigated by complexity studies and chaos theory, seem on careful analysis to display only epistemological emergence. We examine the consequences for physicalism of admitting ontological emergence in the micro-physical.
Levetiracetam-induced interstitial nephritis in a patient with glioma

A 45-year-old man with a new diagnosis of low grade glioma was started on an escalating dose of levetiracetam (Lev) for seizure management. He gradually developed intractable nausea/vomiting and a high creatinine concentration due to acute renal failure which was attributed to Lev-induced interstitial nephritis. The medication was changed and his renal function rapidly improved to his baseline.
Towards a virtualized data center transport protocol

This paper proposes a new transport protocol designed for large virtualized data centers of the future. The underlying premise of this work is that it is possible to achieve significant added functionality with a new transport layer w/o materially affecting the underlying IP and MAC layers. The paper motivates the need for such a protocol, discusses the required features and shows how they can be implemented by starting with an existing and popular transport, namely SCTP.
Energy expenditure in children with severe head injury: lack of agreement between measured and estimated energy expenditure.

Background: The purpose of this study was to test the hypotheses that estimates of resting energy expenditure (REE) vary significantly from measured energy expenditure in a population of head-injured children and are not accurate for use in determining nutrition needs in this population. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 30 children with severe head injury, with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 10%. Significant disagreement between estimated REE...
Identical Transcription Initiation Sites for Proinsulin Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Three Insulin-Expressing Tissues

Proinsuln mRNA was analyzed by RNA blot hybridization from four insulin-expressing tissues of the rat, including adult and fetal pancreas, yolk sac, and an insulinoma cell line (RIN 5F). The proinsulin mRNA transcripts from the insulinoma cell line and fetal pancreatic tissue were estimated to be, respectively, 100 and 50 bases larger than the transcript from adult pancreas. Yolk sac proinsulin mRNA comigrated with the fetal transcript. While glucose is an important regulator of proinsulin mRNA in the adult, there is a marked increase in the concentrations of proinsulin mRNA and insulin in the developing rat, although plasma glucose levels are quite low. Expression of proinsulin mRNA independent of glucose levels is also found in insulinoma tissue. In addition, there is a second TATA sequence upstream of the putative start site in rat insulin II gene, and the transcription initiation site(s) has not been mapped in all of these tissues. These observations suggested that alternative transcription initiation...
Innocent Statements and Their Metaphysically Loaded Counterparts

One puzzling feature of talk about properties, propositions and natural numbers is that statements that are explicitly about them can be introduced apparently without change of truth conditions from statements that don’t mention them at all. Thus it seems that the existence of numbers, properties and propositions can be established ‘from nothing’. This metaphysical puzzle is tied to a series of syntactic and semantic puzzles about the relationship between ordinary, metaphysically innocent statements and their metaphysically loaded counterparts, statements that explicitly mention numbers, properties and propositions, but nonetheless appear to be equivalent to the former. I argue that the standard solutions to the metaphysical puzzles make a mistaken assumption about the semantics of the loaded counterparts. Instead I propose a solution to the syntactic and semantic puzzles, and argue that this solution also gives us a new solution to the metaphysical puzzle. I argue that instead of containing more semantically singular terms that aim to refer to extra entities, the loaded counterparts are focus constructions. Their syntactic structure is in the service of presenting information with a focus, but not to refer to new entities. This will allow us to spell out Frege’s metaphor of content carving.
The Recurring Victimization of Individuals with Mental Illness: A Comparison of Trajectories for Two Racial Groups

This study explores whether the trajectories of recurring victimization of Black persons diagnosed with major mental illnesses vary from the trajectories of their White counterparts. Further, the study examines whether the risk factors for recurring victimization among persons with major mental illness vary by race. Using data from the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study (MacRisk), two separate hierarchical binomial regression models were estimated to compare the recurring victimization trajectories of Black and White MacRisk participants. Cross-level interaction terms were also estimated to determine if the coefficients for each of the time-varying covariates included in the analyses were significantly different across race. The findings indicate that the trajectories of recurring victimization for Black persons with serious mental illness are significantly different from those of White persons with serious mental illness. Specifically, Black persons’ trajectories remain relatively stable over time, while the risk of recurring victimization declines for Whites as time since release from the hospital increases. Further, the effects of alcohol abuse on revictimization risk vary by race. The findings suggest that the life experiences of Black persons with mental illness may be different from their White counterparts, which is likely to contribute to distinct patterns of recurring victimization over time. Future research should continue to explore recurring victimization among diverse samples to identify potential sources of the variation in revictimization trajectories across race.
Navigating Federalism: The Missing Statutory Analysis in Solid Waste Agency

In January 2001, the Supreme Court decided Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook County v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, holding that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers could not exercise jurisdiction over ponds at an abandoned gravel pit pursuant to its Migratory Bird Rule, an interpretive gloss on its regulatory interpretation of waters of the United States for purposes of section 404 of the Clean Water Act. For the first time in the Act's 30-year history, moreover, the Court gave substantive weight to the Act's inclusion of states as regulatory partners, refusing to accord the Army Corps Chevron deference on grounds that the Army Corps' interpretation of the Act pushed the Act to its constitutional limits, on both federalism and Commerce Clause grounds. This article argues that by emphasizing one sentence from the Clean Water Act's general purposes section, the Court displaced Congress' complex compromise between state and federal regulatory authority - a compromise that incorporates the variety of accepted state and federal interests in this country. If the Court had looked at the broader context of the Clean Water Act instead of just section 404, it would have noticed that Congress used the term navigable waters to recognize and preserve state authority over certain types of waters, rather than to undermine that authority in favor of federal regulation.
The potential link between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and post-exercise airway narrowing across puberty: a longitudinal cohort study

Citation: Emerson, S. R., Rosenkranz, S. K., Rosenkranz, R. R., Kurti, S. P., & Harms, C. A. (2016). The potential link between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and post-exercise airway narrowing across puberty: a longitudinal cohort study. Public Health Nutrition, 19(13), 2435-2440. doi:10.1017/s1368980015003109
Gender Differences in Risk Aversion: A Developing Nation’s Case

This study used Hanna and Lindamood (2004)'s graphic-based survey instrument to examine whether women who are employed in the Nepalese banking sector show more risk aversion than men. Women indeed reported their intention to take less risk and invested less of their wealth in risky assets than men. However, the difference disappeared after controlling for other relevant variables, notably their perceived knowledge of nancial markets. Our analyses suggested that women demonstrated more risk aversion than men because they considered themselves to be less knowledgeable about financial markets. Our findings support the need to educate female investors to increase their confidence in their abilities to succeed in the world of finance.
Micropropagation of Stewartia pseudocamellia

Nature of Work: Stewartia pseudocamellia Maxim. (Japanese stewartia) is a small tree which is highly prized as a landscape plant because of its showy flowers, exfoliating bark, and attractive fall color. Unfortunately, the species is not widely utilized as an ornamental due, in part, to propagation difficulties both by seed and stem cuttings. Therefore, two experiments were conducted to investigate the feasibility of propagating S. pseudocamellia by micropropagation (tissue culture).
Less Forgiven? Race and the Bankruptcy System

For a consumer considering bankruptcy, Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 are options with vastly different consequences. In Chapter 7, a consumer earns a quick discharge after turning over all nonexempt or unencumbered assets to the bankruptcy trustee. In over 90% of Chapter 7 cases, the debtor has no such assets, and the case is a quick administrative affair that allows the debtor to emerge with the proverbial “fresh start.” In contrast, Chapter 13 requires a debtor to devote all of his or her disposable income to repayment to creditors over a 3- or 5-year plan. A Chapter 13 debtor can earn a discharge only after completing the repayment plan, yet only approximately one-third of Chapter 13 debtors complete their plan.With a federal bankruptcy law, one would expect the ratio of Chapter 7 to Chapter 13 cases to be fairly uniform across the country. In fact, huge regional variation exists. In the upper Midwest, only one Chapter 13 is filed for about every ten Chapter 7 cases, while many Southern states about half of all bankruptcies are Chapter 13 cases. Previous scholarship has attributed these differences to local legal culture, concluding that historical norms and the preferences of bankruptcy professionals drive consumers’ chapter choices.This chapter identifies a different variable that is associated with chapter choice: the debtor’s race. African American debtors file Chapter 13 at over twice the rate of debtors of other races. The effect remains after controlling for geographic location, financial variables, home ownership, and other factors that seem likely to affect chapter choice. To earn forgiveness for their debts, African Americans are more likely to have to make some restitution under a Chapter 13 plan, while persons of other races are more likely to be given full forgiveness under a Chapter 7 bankruptcy. Their over-representation in Chapter 13 means that African Americans are more likely to have to wait years for a discharge of their debts and pay higher attorneys fees for relief.The data show association but cannot show causation. The data cannot tell us whether African Americans are being discriminated against by being guided into repayment plans when others are not, or whether African Americans are choosing Chapter 13 out of a moral obligation to repay.
Permeability of the Nuclear Membrane to Vital Stains

The staining of the nucleus has been considered in general as a sign of decreased vitality of the cell leading to its death. In spite of that we find in the literature a few reliable data indicating that vital staining of the nucleus may occur. This has been accomplished by immersing living cells in solutions of various dyes, both of plants and of animals. It has also been accomplished by micro-injecting various dyes, especially the sulphonated pH indicators of Clark and Lubs into amoebae and tissue culture cells. The stain blown against the nuclear membrane is taken up by the nucleus, but after a short time the color disappears. The possibility at least of a transitory vital staining of the nucleus seems to be fairly well established.It was of interest to note whether the nucleus is stainable by any dye or only by certain groups of dyestuffs, that is to say, the question was: whether the nuclear membrane is selective or freely permeable. In order to test this it was necessary to micro-inject directly int...
Abstract 3615: Does selenium supplementation increase serum glucose levels in men at high risk for prostate cancer.

Background: Current literature regarding the effect of selenium supplementation on risk of diabetes is inconclusive. Hence a longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the effect of selenium supplementation on serum glucose levels in elderly men. Methods: Data were obtained from 699 men participating in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3 clinical trial investigating the effect of two doses of selenium (200 and 400 μg/day) compared to placebo on incidence of prostate cancer. Subjects were followed every six months for up to five years. Serum glucose levels were obtained every six months. Mixed effects regression models were used to assess if rate of change of serum glucose levels was significantly different in the selenium supplemented groups as compared to placebo. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of findings and to minimize the possibility of residual bias due to fasting status. Results: Of the total 2893 glucose measurements, 734 were carried out when the subject had been fasting for ≥ 8 hours. The changes in serum glucose levels during the course of the trial were not statistically significantly different as compared to placebo for the selenium 200 μg/day (p = 0.88) or selenium 400 μg/day (p = 0.45) treatment groups. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated comparable results for models using the total population and models restricted to subjects with only fasting glucose data. Conclusion: These results do not support a relationship between selenium supplementation and risk of diabetes. Hence recommendations regarding selenium supplementation based on increased risk of diabetes seem premature. Citation Format: Amit M. Algotar, C H. Hsu, Steven P. Stratton. Does selenium supplementation increase serum glucose levels in men at high risk for prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3615. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3615
BOTTOM PRESSURES DUE TO LONG WAVES: LABORATORY AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS

A convenient and attractive way of determining the nearshore wave environment is through the use of bottom (or near bottom) pressure measurements. However, it has been realized for some time that care must be taken in interpreting such pressure measurements and relating them to the local waves amplitudes in the region where the waves become highly nonlinear and shoal near the shore, e.g., see Grace (1978), Guza and Thornton (1980), Bishop and Donelan (1987), Lee and Wang (1984), Bodge and Dean (1984), and Nielsen (1989 ) among others. This study is directed to questions raised in connection with the interpretation of the water surface time-history from bottom pressure measurements for highly nonlinear long waves. In particular the waves which were primarily of interest were large solitary and cnoidal waves, i.e., non-periodic and periodic long waves. The motivation for this work was the requirement to document the water surface-time histories of near breaking waves, nearly solitary in shape, with heights up to 2 m in a large fresh water wave basin. Wave staffs, either capacitance or resistance types, were not readily available for these measurements. In place of this technique, video recordings were made of the water surface at the location of surveyor's staff gages, but data reduction of these video recordings, except for a few cases, was estimated to be excessively time consuming. Hence, pressure transducers mounted near the bottom were installed at the wave staff locations to obtain simultaneous measurements which could be related to the variation of the water surface elevation with time.
Insect Growth Inhibitors in Crop Plants

Diverse classes of organic compounds showing growth-inhibitory activity toward lepidopterous larvae have been isolated from corn, cotton, tomato, sunflower, and soybean plants. These compounds include flavonoids, tannin, terpenoids, cyclopropenoid acids, and cyclitols. The structures of these compounds, their biological activities, and their possible role in the plant as a defense against insects are discussed.
Controlled, Low-Coverage Metal Oxide Activation of Silicon for Organic Functionalization: Unraveling the Phosphonate Bond

Deposition of thin films and grafting of organic molecules on semiconductor surfaces, particularly oxide surfaces, are widely studied as means of passivation and functionalization for a variety of applications. However, organic functionalization of silicon oxide is challenging, as the currently used molecules (silanes and phosphonates) do not form layers that are stable in aqueous environments and present challenges during the grafting process. For instance, the chemical grafting of phosphonates requires high temperature (140 °C) to perform. Modification of SiO2 surfaces with metal oxides is an attractive alternative since strong bonds can be established between metal oxides and relevant molecules (silanes, phosphonates). While such modification is possible using vapor-phase methods, such as atomic layer deposition and physical vapor-phase deposition, wet chemical processing is inexpensive and technologically very attractive. We describe here a simple wet chemical method to deposit an ultrathin layer of m...
Research and Practice of the Teaching Methods of Advanced Mathematics

It is summarized combining with the teaching experience in person the teaching methods and the practice process in advanced mathematics class.The questions under consideration include:how to arouse students' interest in learning mathematics,and change learning from passive to active;how to visualize the abstract problems;how to apply the method of induction and analogy to the teaching of mathematics;how to enrich students' knowledge and cultivate their divergent thinking.
Fouling of microfiltration membranes by biopolymers

ABSTRACTSuppression of fouling due to biopolymers of relevance to the brewing industry has been investigated. The effects of three model biopolymers: casein (protein), catechin (polyphenol), and dextran (polysaccharide) on fouling of asymmetric 0.65 μm polyethersulfone membranes during direct-flow filtration have been studied. While dextran is successful in disrupting interactions between casein and catechin, the associated reduction in aggregate size does not always result in reduced fouling. Solution conditions such as pH and ionic strength modulate the tendency of the aggregates to adsorb onto the membrane surface. Thus, optimizing solution conditions to suppress adsorption of aggregates is essential for increasing the membrane filtration capacity.
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity to target cells infected with herpes simplex viruses.

Two major mechanisms have been described by which lymphoid cells damage or destroy target cells bearing foreign antigens on their surface. The first of these mechanisms, cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC), is important in allograft rejection and tumor immunity (4) and is carried out by sensitized T lymphocytes from specifically immunized hosts. The second mechanism, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), has as yet an undefined role in vivo and is conveyed by the action of mononuclear effector cells on target cells sensitized with antibody to surface membrane antigens (7,15). Unlike CMC, the effector cell in ADCC is found in nonimmunized, as well as immunized hosts. Clearly not a T lymphocyte, in some ADCC systems it appears to be a K cell (3,22), a nonphago-cytic lymphoid cell with an Fc receptor, but no readily detectable surface immunoglobulin. A variety of target cells have been employed in vitro to demonstrate ADCC; these have included xenogeneic (8,14), allogeneic (9,10), and various tumor cells (16), as well as cells passively coated with antigens (2,21). We recently demonstrated for the first time ADCC using viral-infected target cells (17,19).
Short Stop provides an essential link between F-actin and microtubules during axon extension

Coordination of F-actin and microtubule dynamics is important for cellular motility and morphogenesis, but little is known about underlying mechanisms. short stop ( shot ) encodes an evolutionarily conserved, neuronally expressed family of rod-like proteins required for sensory and motor axon extension in Drosophila melanogaster . We identify Shot isoforms that contain N-terminal F-actin and C-terminal microtubule-binding domains, and that crosslink F-actin and microtubules in cultured cells. The F-actin- and microtubule-binding domains of Shot are required in the same molecule for axon extension, though the length of the connecting rod domain can be dramatically reduced without affecting activity. Shot therefore functions as a cytoskeletal crosslinker in axon extension, rather than mediating independent interactions with F-actin and microtubules. A Ca2+-binding motif located adjacent to the microtubule-binding domain is also required for axon extension, suggesting that intracellular Ca2+ release may regulate Shot activity. These results suggest that Shot coordinates regulated interactions between F-actin and microtubules that are crucial for neuronal morphogenesis.
Alternative models of self-regulation and implications for L2 strategy research

In this paper I discuss the proposal of Dornyei and colleagues (Dornyei, 2005; Tseng, Dornyei, & Schmitt, 2006) to replace the construct of learning strategy with that of self-regulation and thus shift the research focus from specific strategic behaviors to a trait that is seen to underlie them. I argue that before doing so, we need a fuller understanding of what self-regulation entails and how it might intersect with traditional concerns of second language strategy research. To contribute to this understanding, I highlight alternative conceptualizations of self-regulation and then use data from my doctoral research to illustrate one in particular, the COPES model of selfregulated learning (Winne & Hadwin, 1998). This model’s explanatory power is contrasted with that of Dornyei and colleagues’ conceptualization to show that, depending on the model one adopts, self-regulation is not only compatible with the study of specific strategies but useful for shedding new light on strategy research and integrating it with research in other related areas, such as L2 motivation.
Abstract 2820: Omeprazole alone, or in combination with Aspirin inhibits azoxymethane-induced colon adenoma progression to adenocarcinoma and carcinoma invasion in F344 rat model

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is a major public health issue world-wide with an estimated over 600,000 deaths annually. Aspirin and Omeprazole are most commonly used medications. Aspirin has been proven as CRC chemopreventive agent, but its usage is limited by GI toxicity. The rationale to establish the chemopreventive role of Omeprazole has been based on i) acidic tumor environment due to the Warburg-effect, and ii) it may protect from the GI toxicity induced by aspirin. Male F344 rats were used to establish omeprazole and aspirin optimal doses, efficacy, dose-response effects of combinations. Rat (36-42 animals per group) colon cancers were induced by two weekly dose of AOM. At adenoma stage, rats were fed diets containing Omeprazole (0, 250 or 500 ppm), or aspirin + omeprazole (700 ppm + 250 ppm; 1,400 ppm + 500 ppm; 2,800 ppm + 250 ppm, respectively) and a combination dose fed every three weeks on and off. All rats were euthanized 48 weeks after AOM treatment and assessed for efficacy, dose-response effects and various biomarkers in colonic tissues. Dietary administration of test agents alone or combinations did not show any overt-toxicities. Administration of 250 and 500 ppm omeprazole inhibited colon adenocarcinoma incidence by 15.7% and 32% (p 90% inhibition of invasive adenocarcinomas. In tumors of rats fed omeprazole alone or in combination with aspirin, there was a significant decrease in markers of proliferation (PCNA and β-catenin) and increase in apoptosis (p53, p21, Annexin V) when compared with CRC of rats fed control diet. Surprisingly, we observed a dramatic decrease in the expression levels of proton pump (K+-, H+- ATPase) markers in colonic tumors as compared to tumor adjacent mucosa. These results suggest that omeprazole tumor inhibitory mechanism may not be dependent on tumor proton pump inhibition. Overall, our results suggest that Omeprazole had significant dose-response efficacy effects on the adenoma progression to adenocarcinomas; particularly invasive carcinomas and combining with aspirin significantly enhanced adenocarcinoma inhibitory effects. {This work was supported by NCI-N01-CN-250026} Citation Format: Altaf Mohammed, Jagan M.R Patlolla, Yuting Zhang, Laura Biddick, Venkateshwar Madka, Qian Li, Stan Lightfoot, Ronald Lubet, Chen S. Suen, Vernon E. Steele, Chinthalapally V. Rao. Omeprazole alone, or in combination with Aspirin inhibits azoxymethane-induced colon adenoma progression to adenocarcinoma and carcinoma invasion in F344 rat model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2820. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2820
Clashing Cultures in “Counterparts”: Navigating among Print, Printing, and Oral Narratives in Turn-of-the-Century Dublin

In this chapter, Miriam O’Kane argues that the tension in “Counterparts” between oral and print cultures reveals a gendered, literate modern world where a mechanized future is inevitable. O’Kane reads Joyce’s text alongside Belinda McKeon’s rewriting of “Counterparts” in Dubliners 100, arguing that McKeon’s story “invites a return to the original and uncovers some of the finer nuances of Farrington’s struggle as linked to not only a broad cultural shift to writing, but one that is destabilized by the tools and roles of mechanical print culture.” O’Kane’s reading of the two stories highlights the way that Irish identity is affected by the movement of mechanical reproduction and the need to manage a new discourse of print technology.
Nevanlinna-Pick Interpolation via Graph Spaces and Kreĭn-space Geometry: A Survey

The Grassmannian/Kreĭn-space approach to interpolation theory introduced in the 1980s gives a Kreĭn-space geometry approach to arriving at the resolvent matrix which parametrizes the set of solutions to a Nevanlinna- Pick interpolation or Nehari-Takagi best-approximation problem. We review the basics of this approach and then discuss recent extensions to multivariable settings which were not anticipated in the 1980s.
Regulatory Review of New Therapeutic Agents - FDA versus EMA, 2011-2015.

Between 2011 and 2015, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved 170 new therapeutic agents, and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) approved 144. The times for those regulatory reviews were, on average, 60 days shorter at the FDA than at the EMA.
Closed-Form Expressions of Ergodic Capacity in Cloud Radio Access Networks With Nakagami-m Fading

We investigate a C-RAN model based on single nearest RRH association with Nakagami- m fading and path-loss fading. In the analysis the parameter $mL$ is not restricted to be an integer, where L is the number of antennas per RRH. We derive several closed-form expressions for the ergodic capacity, not restricted to the high SNR regime, for two classes of power path loss exponents. Moreover, the closed-form expression of a tight lower bound is provided for general scenarios. Finally, the results of simulation and numerical integration are provided to show the cross-verification.
Cloud computing meets 5G networks: efficient cache management in cloud radio access networks

Advances in cellular network technology continue to develop to address increasing demands from the growing number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. IoT has brought forth countless new equipment competing for service on cellular networks. The latest in cellular technology is 5th Generation Cloud Radio Access Networks, or 5G C-RAN, which consists of applying cloud computing technology to the RAN architecture for better resource utilization and increased flexibility and scalability. A cache is included in each VM for speedy cellular network services, there is thus a necessity for efficient cache management schemes, which ultimately will provide better user experiences. This paper designs new cache management schemes and evaluates their performance. The new algorithms include a probability-based scoring scheme, a hierarchical, or tiered, approach, and enhancements to previously existing approaches. Performance evaluation shows that some of the new schemes, while simple in design, offer high cache hit ratios, low latency of request services, preferential treatment based on users' service levels, and a reduction in network traffic as compared with other existing and classic caching mechanisms. We believe that this work is important in advancing 5G technology for supporting IoT services, and is also useful to other cache management systems.
Morphology and Phase Relationships of Low-Molecular-Weight Polystyrene in Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) and Methyl Methacrylate/ Styrene Copolymers

Over the past twenty years or more there has been widespread interest in various kinds of multicomponent polymer systems, including polyblends, block copolymers, and segmented elastomers. More recently, considerable interest has also been focused on questions concerning polymer/polymer compatibility and incompatibility in these systems, and also in related systems such as interpenetrating networks and alloys. Among this diverse group of multicomponent and in some cases multiphase polymers, one that has received perhaps the most overall attention, because of the combination of its great commercial importance and scientific interest, has been the so-called high-impact plastics and resins. Typically, these multiphase polyblends are based on a dispersed, rubbery phase such as polybutadiene which is contained in a glassy, continuous matrix such as polystyrene. The presence of the second, dispersed phase imparts added impact strength, as measured, for example, by an Izod impact apparatus, to the composite above that possessed by the homopolymer polystyrene itself; and it is this enhancement, of course, which leads to the commercial importance of polyblends of this type. In the development of high-impact plastics and the subsequent study of their physical and mechanical properties, a considerable body of information and data has appeared.
Acquiring recursive concepts with explanation-based learning

Explanation-based generalization algorithms need to generalize the structure of their explanations. This is necessary in order to acquire concepts where a recursive or iterative process is implicitly represented in the explanation by a fixed number of applications. The fully-implemented BAGGER2 system generalizes explanation structures and produces recursive concepts when warranted. Otherwise the same result as standard explanation-based generalization algorithms is produced. BAGGER2'S generalization algorithm is presented and empirical results that demonstrate the value of acquiring recursive concepts are reported. These experimental results indicate that generalizing explanation structures helps avoid the recently reported negative effects of learning. The advantages of the new approach over previous approaches that generalize explanation structures are described.
Wafer-Level Discrete Power Mosfet Package Design

Discrete power device is one of the basic units that fuel the power management and conversion in various applications. Typical discrete products include various diodes, bipolars, metal–oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (Mosfets), and insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBTs). As the needs of miniaturization, one trend of the discrete power Mosfet packages is to move the discrete power devices into various wafer-level chip-scale package for better surface amount purpose. Since power levels and power density requirements continue to increase for many types of end equipment such as personal computers, servers, network, and telecom systems, it demands higher performance from the components that make up the power management system. This chapter introduces the design of discrete power package and the analysis of the wafer-level discrete power package performance.
Virus decline of strawberry in California and the role of insect vectors and associated viruses.

ABSTRACT Greenhouse white fly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood); western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande); and strawberry aphid, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell), are co...
A dominant role for the beta 4 nicotinic receptor subunit in nicotinic modulation of glomerular microcircuits in the mouse olfactory bulb

In this study, using receptor gene knockouts we examine the relative contributions of heteromeric nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) subtypes located on different cell types to this effect o...
EMD-Based, Mean-Phase Coherence Analysis to Assess Instantaneous Phase-Synchrony Dynamics in Epilepsy Patients

In this paper, an adaptive, non-linear, analytical methodology is proposed in order to quantitatively evaluate the instantaneous phase-synchrony dynamics in epilepsy patients. A group of finite neuronal oscillators is extracted from a multichannel electrocorticographic (ECoG) data, using the empirical mode decomposition (EMD). The instantaneous phases of the extracted oscillators are measured using the Hilbert transform in order to be utilized in the mean-phase coherence analysis. Finally, the dynamical evolution of phase-synchrony among the extracted neuronal oscillators within 1–600 Hz frequency range is assessed using eigenvalue decomposition. A different phasesynchrony dynamics was observed in two patients with frontal vs. temporal lobe epilepsy, as their seizures evolve. However, experimental results demonstrated a hypersynchrony level at seizure offset for both types of epilepsy during the ictal periods. This result suggests that hypersynchronization of the epileptic network may be a crucial, self-regulatory mechanism by which the brain terminate seizures.
Approach to the Management of Large and Advanced Renal Tumors

The safe and efficacious surgical management of large and advanced renal tumors begins with careful preoperative evaluation and planning. The choice of surgical exposure and approach must be tailored to the tumor size, location, and relevant patient anatomy. Radical nephrectomy should be performed while respecting normal anatomic relationships, even where there is distortion by the tumor. The management of an associated venous thrombus depends on its level. Such cases should be approached as a predominantly vascular procedure, with renal artery control first, venous tumor thrombectomy second, and radical nephrectomy third. Renal cancers invading adjacent structures can be resected en bloc if needed. Although surgery for nonmetastatic advanced renal cancers carries a nontrivial risk of morbidity and mortality, satisfactory oncologic outcomes can be achieved with a thoughtful surgical approach.
66 FOUR WEEKS OF INDINAVIR DOES NOT ALTER ADIPOGENIC TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS IN HEALTHY HIV-NEGATIVE SUBJECTS.

Introduction and Purpose HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy have been reported to develop a lipodystrophy syndrome. Both HIV-1 protease inhibitors and nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors have been implicated. However, it is unclear if this is a direct drug effect or a result of an interaction between drug and the underlying HIV infection. In order to dissect out the direct role of drug alone in this process, we studied the in vivo effect of a single protease inhibitor, indinavir, on the key adipogenic transcription factors C/EBPa, SREBP1c, and PPARg. Methods We obtained abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue samples from seven HIV-negative subjects at baseline and after 4 weeks of daily oral indinavir at 800 mg three times a day. Adipocytes were obtained by collagenase digestion, and total RNA was isolated by standard methods. Expression of C/EBPa, SREBP1c, and PPARg mRNA was quantitated by real time reverse transcription normalized to expression of b-actin using the delta Ct method. Results The subjects had a mean age of 36 ± 3 years, with a mean BMI of 29.5 ± 9 kg/m2. There was no change in BMI or waist-to-hip ratio after 4 weeks of indinavir. Indinavir treatment had no effect on expression of C/EBPa (304.0 ± 32.3 vs 359.2 ± 43.4), SREBP1c (82.0 ± 14.0 vs 104.9 ± 34.0), or PPARg (350.7 ± 54.0 vs 351.0 ± 48.8 relative units). Conclusions Four weeks of the protease inhibitor indinavir does not alter adipogenic transcription factors in healthy HIV-negative subjects. Our findings indicate that indinavir does not appear to have a direct role in the development of lipodystrophy, suggesting that the lipodystrophy is likely either due to an interaction between drug and disease or attributable to antiretroviral agents other than indinavir.
Contextualizing climate science: applying social learning systems theory to knowledge production, climate services, and use-inspired research

Scientists need to acknowledge the inherent social contexts that drive the scientific process if they want their research to improve complex societal problems such as vulnerability to climate change. Social interactions and relationships are essential elements for conducting use-inspired research, creating usable knowledge, and providing climate services. The Climate Assessment for the Southwest (CLIMAS) program was founded on theories of use-inspired research and co-producing knowledge with non-academic partners. A recent program evaluation illuminated gaps in these underlying program models and led to the inclusion of social learning systems theory and communities of practice. Using grounded examples, we demonstrate the CLIMAS program’s ongoing role in fostering, maintaining, and expanding a climate resilience social learning system in the U.S. Southwest. Broader implications from the evaluation focus on the importance of establishing and maintaining relationships, increasing institutional and individual flexibility in response to change, and improving the practice of transdisciplinarity. These findings inform new program evaluation metrics and data collection techniques. This paper contributes to current theory and practice of use-inspired science and climate services by identifying and demonstrating how social interactions inform climate knowledge production. The reconceptualization of the CLIMAS program as part of a growing regional social learning system serves as an example for similar types of programs. We encourage climate services and use-inspired research programs to explore applications of this framework to their own operations.
Targeted Therapies for Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly lethal malignancy and despite multiple chemotherapy options, 5-year survival rates remain dismal. Patients are often limited by treatment toxicity and are unable to receive multiple lines of therapy. Targeted therapies might be less toxic and several pathways related to cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis have been identified and evaluated in GC. However, in spite of promising preclinical data, targeted agents have historically failed to add any meaningful survival benefit. Trastuzumab, a HER2 monoclonal antibody, was the first such agent shown to improve response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival (OS) when added to cisplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with HER2 over-expressing gastric adenocarcinoma in a phase III clinical trial.
Waivers of Parental Consent for Sexual Minority Youth

The Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine emphasizes the need for research to focus on the health outcomes of sexual minority youth (i.e., lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer). However, sexual minority youth (SMY) are often less willing to participate in research studies where parental consent is required due to potential victimization and discrimination. This is a major concern given that more research is needed to understand the health needs of this population, especially in terms of suicide, substance use, and HIV prevention. The National Suicide Prevention Strategy classifies SMY as a high-risk group, emphasizing the need to explore suicide risks (along with other health outcomes) among this group. However, this high-risk classification also increases the safeguards necessary to conduct research with this population. Many researchers have argued for waivers of parental consent, but such waivers present with several ethical implications. This article discusses ethical principles, risks, benefits, safeguards, and potential alternative approaches to waivers of parental consent for SMY. We conclude by emphasizing the need for policy changes to allow parental consent waivers for research targeting SMY.
A Passionate Patriarch at a Turning Point: Isho-yahbh II and His Letters of Rebuke and Ambiguity:

Three decades after Prophet Muhammed’s death in 632, the Patriarch of the Church of the East, Isho-yahbh III, was aware of the growing influence of the new faith of Islam and how many Christians we...
Outcomes of colonic resection for chronic idiopathic constipation in childhood

Abstract Aims The purpose of this study was to describe the outcomes of colonic resection for constipation in children. Three different types of resection are compared: pan-proctocolectomy with ileoanal pouch anastomosis (IPAA), total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (IR), and segmental resections and anastomosis (SR). Patients and methods All colonic resections were prospectively recorded and their outcomes tabulated. Outcomes were classified as Good: anal defecation with no soiling; Intermediate: anal defecation with occasional soiling or need for ACE; Poor: a permanent stoma. All complications were also recorded. Results 22 children underwent colonic resection over a 20 year period. Mean follow up was 40 months. 18 had prior antegrade continent enema (ACE), and 12 had a prior stoma. 13 underwent IPAA, 6 IR, and 3 SR. 10 (45%) had a good outcome, 4 (18%) had an intermediate outcome, and 8 (36%) had a poor outcome. Resection restored 9/12 (75%) of children with a preexisting stoma to anal defecation. No procedure produced better outcome than the others in terms of results or complications. Conclusions There may be a role for colonic resection in selected constipated children, but parents should be warned that there remains a significant possibility of a permanent stoma. Our study suggests that around two-fifths will be left with a permanent stoma. Level of evidence Level IV.