cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear analysis of a cantilever beam

The Genera! Rotorcraft Aeromechanical Stability Program (GRASP) was developed to analyze the steady-state and linearized dynamic behavior of rotorcraft in hovering and axial flight conditions. Because of the nature of problems GRASP was created to solve, the geometrically nonlinear behavior of beams is one area in which the program must perform well in order to be of any value. Numerical results obtained from GRASP are compared to both static and dynamic experimental data obtained for a cantilever beam undergoing large displacements and rotations caused by deformation. The correlation is excellent in all cases.
Assessment Of Tropical Forest Stand Characteristics With Multipolarization SAR Data Acquired Over A Mountainous Region In Costa Rica

A digital terrain elevation data set was coregistered with radar data for assessing tropical forest stand characteristics. Both raw and topographically corrected L-band polarimetric radar data acquired over the tropical forests of Costa Rica were analyzed and correlated with field-collected tree parameter data to study the stand characteristics. The results of analyses using 18 out of 81 plots for sites A and B indicated that per-plot bole volume and tree volume are related to SAR data, particularly at site A. The topographically corrected SAR data appear to produce the same findings as those of uncorrected data.
Using the colored eco-genetic relationship map with children

Background: The Colored Eco-Genetic Relationship Map (CEGRM) is a hybridized assessment tool that combines the ecomap, the family genogram, and the genetic pedigree to produce a unique, participant-generated picture of an individual's social networks, information exchange patterns, and sources of support. To date, the CEGRM has been used successfully with adults, providing insights into their social networks and the communication patterns they use in the update and exchange of health-related information. Objective: To explore the feasibility and the utility of adapting elements of the CEGRM for use with children. Methods: Twenty children, 7 to 10 years of age, distributed by gender, socioeconomic status, and geographic heritage, participated in one-on-one sessions in which they created modified CEGRMs using adapted art directives. A qualitative descriptive design and approach to analysis were used. Results: Children were able to create a modified CEGRM, and resultant discussions provided considerable insights. A focused analysis revealed a kaleidoscope of social networks being accessed by today's children as well as surprising information exchange sources and patterns. Although all the children included one parent, family composition varied. Extended family, other adults, peers, and media sources were not only prevalent but also often preferred over the nuclear family as sources of health information. Of particular interest, mothers were rarely identified as children's primary source of health-related information. Discussion: Elements of the CEGRM are adapted easily for use with children using children's drawings and may prove to be an effective, adjunctive assessment and interventional tool for parents, researchers, educators, and providers working with young children.
Morphea with high titer of fibronectin antibodies.

A 20-year-old man with a 9-year history of unusual subcutaneous morphea with nodular lesions in a circular arrangement and wooden-hard symmetrical induration of the arms, had high liters of fibronectin antibodies. A possible role of fibronectin and antifibronectin antibodies in the pathogenesis of scleroderma is discussed.
Functional Studies on Native and Mutated Forms of Perilipins A ROLE IN PROTEIN KINASE A-MEDIATED LIPOLYSIS OF TRIACYLGLYCEROLS IN CHINESE HAMSTER OVARY CELLS

Perilipin A coats the lipid storage droplets in adipocytes and is polyphosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA); the fact that PKA activates lipolysis in adipocytes suggests a role for perilipins in this process. To assess whether perilipins participate directly in PKA-mediated lipolysis, we have expressed constructs coding for native and mutated forms of the two major splice variants of the perilipin gene, perilipins A and B, in Chinese hamster ovary fibroblasts. Perilipins localize to lipid droplet surfaces and displace the adipose differentiation-related protein that normally coats the droplets in these cells. Perilipin A inhibits triacylglycerol hydrolysis by 87% when PKA is quiescent, but activation of PKA and phosphorylation of perilipin A engenders a 7-fold lipolytic activation. Mutation of PKA sites within the N-terminal region of perilipin abrogates the PKA-mediated lipolytic response. In contrast, perilipin B exerts only minimal protection against lipolysis and is unresponsive to PKA activation. Since Chinese hamster ovary cells contain no PKA-activated lipase, we conclude that the expression of perilipin A alone is sufficient to confer PKA-mediated lipolysis in these cells. Moreover, the data indicate that the unique C-terminal portion of perilipin A is responsible for its protection against lipolysis and that phosphorylation at the N-terminal PKA sites attenuates this protective effect.
The Maritime and Nautical Vocabulary of Le Voyage de saint Brendan

Recognition that the Anglo-French adapter of the Latin Voyage of Saint Brendan had two mental nautical models, the leather-bottomed Irish boats of his written source and the Norse-derived clinker-built hulls of his own day and age assists in clarifying many scenes in the vernacular saint’s life and thereby adds precision to our understanding of medieval nautical technology.
Interactions of blood metalloproteins with nitrogen oxides and oxidant air pollutants

Abstract The effects of in vitro exposure of fresh blood and in vivo exposure of animals to atmospheres containing NO, NO2, or O3 were examined on the iron- and copper-containing proteins in whole blood by low-temperature EPR spectroscopy. Exposure of whole blood to NO under conditions in which neither free nor bound O2 is present results in the quantitative conversion of Hb to the Hb-NO derivative. Subsequent exposure of the derivative to air converts nearly all of the Hb-NO to methemoglobin in the reaction whose mechanism is detailed in this report. Nitrite seems to participate only in the terminal stages. In vivo exposure of animals to air containing a few parts per million NO or NO2 gives rise to significant accumulations of both Hb-NO and methemoglobin, the latter being the major product. This effect can be seen under typical ambient conditions. Exposure to NO2, either aerobically or anaerobically, gives rise to a mixture of Hb-NO and methemoglobin in the ratio which ranges between 1:4 and 1:20. Methemoglobin is invariably the major product. Exposure to O3, on the other hand, fails detectably to alter the state of hemoglobin in whole blood, nor does O3 generate a measurable change in organic free radicals. All three gases — NO, NO2, and O3 — significantly increase the signal due to high-spin ( S = 5 2 ) ferric catalase, while NO, NO2, and O3 all depress the level of iron transferrin. These effects translate into decreased activity for both proteins. Other metalloproteins in blood which are observable by EPR spectroscopy are, for the most part, insensitive to NO, NO2, or O3. The implications of these chemical changes in terms of health effects of NOx and oxidant air pollution are discussed.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of 4′-Thionucleosides of 2-Chloroadenine1

Abstract 1,2,3,5-Tetra-O-acetyl-4-thio-D-riboruranose, prepared from 2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-D-ribofuranose in four steps, was converted to the corresponding 2-chloroadenine nucleoside (8), which was deoxygenated to obtain 2-chloro-2′-deoxy-4′-thioadenosine (12). This is the first report of a 2′-deoxy-4′-thioribonucleoside of a purine rather than a pyrimidine. These novel nucleosides (8 and 12) were cytotoric to several human tumor cell lines in culture.
Low-voltage scanning electron metrology

This paper deals with the problems of using a low voltage scanning electron beam in a measurement instrument. Consideration shall be given to surface charging and thin film materials, condenser and objective lenses, filaments, scanning coil design, scan generation systems, detectors, and outputs.The measurement of geometries, methods of determining geometry edges, resolution, magnification, focus, depth of focus, image rotation, and staging necessary to locate the geometry to be measured will also be discussed. Data are presented from fundamental research.
Incidence of Perioperative Urinary Tract Infection After Single-dose Antibiotic Therapy for Midurethal Slings

OBJECTIVES A recent Best Practice Statement published by the American Urological Association (AUA) recommends that antibiotic therapy in patients undergoing midurethral synthetic slings (MUS) should be 24 hours or less. Subjects at our institution are routinely administered a single dose of intravenous antibiotics before MUS surgery. We prospectively evaluated urinary tract infection (UTI) rates and risk factors for UTI in subjects undergoing MUS who receive single-dose antibiotic therapy. METHODS Adult female patients who were undergoing MUS for stress or mixed urinary incontinence were prospectively included and received a single-dose of an intravenous antibiotic in accordance with the AUA Best Practice Statement. Subjects requiring additional procedures for prolapse were excluded. Baseline characteristics and preoperative and postoperative postvoid residual (PVR) were documented. Subjects were contacted within 1 week of surgery, and seen in the office at 1 month, when a urinalysis was performed, and urine culture sent if subjects were symptomatic. RESULTS A total of 101 subjects underwent solitary MUS and received a single dose of intravenous antibiotics. Overall, 6 (5.9%) subjects developed a UTI within 1 month of surgery. Patients who developed a UTI were more likely to have elevated PVRs at the preoperative office visit (62.2 vs 26.8 mL, P = .004). CONCLUSIONS Our study has demonstrated that the rate of perioperative UTI after MUS with one perioperative dose of intravenous antibiotics is low. Patients with an elevated preoperative PVR may be at an increased risk of developing a UTI. Single-dose antibiotic administration is safe and effective at preventing perioperative UTI in subjects undergoing solitary MUS.
N-demethylation of the chemosterilant hempa by house fly microsomes

Abstract Hempa is demethylated in vitro to PMPT by microsomal preparations from house fly abdomens. The reaction requires oxygen and NADPH and is inhibited by carbon monoxide, SKF-525-A, and by sesamex, piperonyl butoxide, and tropital. The activity is enhanced by BSA in the incubation medium. The metabolite obtained in vitro is also the major metabolite in vivo .
Biological and clinical considerations regarding the use of surgery and chemotherapy in the treatment of primary breast cancer.

Numerous clinical trials are currently being implemented to evaluate the effectiveness of a variety of therapeutic regimens against primary breast cancer. There must be a rational biologic basis for the use of each component of the therapy. Principles upon which operation and systemic chemotherapy are employed in current trials are presented in this review. The basis for cancer surgery is undergoing a redefinition which is in keeping with present understanding of tumor biology. Anatomical principles of the past are being supplanted as a result of evidence indicating 1) breast cancer is predominantly a systemic disease at the time of diagnosis, 2) removal of a primary tumor affects host immunological mechanisms as well as residual tumor cell kinetics, 3) the role of lymphatics and lymph nodes differ from what had previously been promulgated, and 4) the significance of multicentricity is not as clear as might be presumed. Such considerations are giving rise to a new biological basis for cancer surgery. Several continuing surgical clinical trials being conducted by the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project (NSABP) should provide information which will substantiate or refute the justification for a change in oncologic surgical principles. A brief review of information regarding tumor cell kinetics, experiences with adjuvant therapy in animal model systems, and other considerations providing justification for the use of systemic adjuvant chemotherapy has been provided. From the spectrum of combined modality trials in progress throughout the world should come information within the next few years which will verify or repudiate not only concepts and principles upon which the use of adjuvant therapy is based, but the worth of those modalities presently representing our total therapeutic resources and upon which rest hope for the cure of breast cancer. Cancer 40:574–587, 1977.
Understanding Qualitative Evidence for Emergency Nursing Practice

attributes that make them who they are. 3 The benefits of EBP are many and include benefits to patients, clinicians, organizations, and to the nursing profession. Patients experience improved outcomes when the care they receive is based on scientific evidence. They gain a sense of ownership of their health when their preferences and values are integrated into their plans of care, as called for in the definition by Sackett and colleagues. Nurses benefit by having a clinical practice that is based on sound evidence. We gain autonomy, experience tremendous professional growth, and personally benefit from the recognition of our critical thinking skills. Our organizations also experience benefits related to EBP, including improved patient outcomes and satisfaction, consistency in care delivery, and the nurturing of an environment supportive of professional nursing practice. EBP can serve as a stimulus for collaborative and interdisciplinary practices, can improve job satisfaction for involved practitioners, and is a useful retention and recruitment tool at a time when many organizations are faced with challenges in this area. In addition, EBP benefits our nursing profession by contributing to the professional image of nursing, providing vision for our future collective direction, providing opportunities for professional networking, and encouraging nurses to both use and contribute to the growth and development of our science. While nursing research and EBP are unique, their integration within a single setting has the potential to enhance the larger assimilation of research within the clinical arena. This larger degree of evidence integration is essential to advancing practice because we know that many of our currentpracticesarebasedonoutdatedtextbookknowledge,the practicesofourpeers,orwhatwelearnedasstudents,andthe latter two sources may or may not be based on evidence. The explosion of information technology, including the availability of Web-based information, adds a layer of complexity to the already difficult task of keeping our nursing practices current. It is impossible to keep up with the sheer volume of new information being published each day. EBP models can provide ways for clinicians working in today’s fast-paced care delivery environments to synthesize and apply large volumes of research knowledge to their practices.
Software Change in the Solo Iterative Process: An Experience Report

This paper reports an experience of a solo programmer who added a new feature into an open source program called muCommander. The process is observed on two granularities: Granularity of software change (SC) and granularity of Solo Iterative Process (SIP). The experience confirms that both SC and SIP process models can be successfully enacted, are able to implement the described feature, and produced a high quality code in reasonable time. The lessons learned, particularly the exit criteria for SC phases, are discussed in more detail in the paper and may be applicable to team iterative processes, including agile processes.
Large area light-pulse atom interferometry

We report the experimental demonstration of a large area atom interferometer based on extended sequences of light pulses. We characterize the interferometer through measurement of the acceleration due to gravity and demonstrate a threefold enhancement in intrinsic acceleration sensitivity. The technique is applicable to many atom interferometer configurations, including those used for measurement of rotations, gravity gradients, and $\ensuremath{\Elzxh}/m$.
Oligoclonal and polyclonal CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes in aplastic anemia and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria measured by Vβ CDR3 spectratyping and flow cytometry

We have hypothesized that in aplastic anemia (AA) the presence of antigen-specific T cells is reflected by their contribution to the expansion of a particular variable beta chain (V beta) subfamily and also by clonal CDR3 skewing. To determine the role of disease-specific "signature" T-cell clones in AA, we studied preferential V beta usage by flow cytometry and analyzed V beta-CDR3 regions for the presence of oligoclonality. We first established the contribution of each V beta family to the total CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocyte pool; in AA and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, a seemingly random overrepresentation of different V beta families was observed. On average, we found expansion in 3 (of 22 examined) V beta families per patient. When the contribution of individual V beta families to the effector pool was examined, more striking V beta skewing was found. V beta-CDR3 size distribution was analyzed for the expanded V beta families in isolated CD4(+) and CD8(+) populations; underrepresented V beta families displayed more pronounced CDR3 skewing. Expanded CD4(+)V beta subfamilies showed mostly a polyclonal CDR3 size distribution with only 38% of skewing in expanded V beta families. In contrast, within overrepresented CD8(+)V beta types, marked CDR3 skewing (82%) was seen, consistent with nonrandom expansion of specific CD8(+) T-cell clones. No preferential expansion of particular V beta families was observed, in relation to HLA-type. In patients examined after immunosuppressive therapy, an abnormal V beta-distribution pattern was retained, but the degree of expansion of individual V beta was lower. As V beta skewing may correlate with relative V beta size, oligoclonality in combination with numerical V beta expansion can be applied to recognition of disease-specific T-cell receptors.
High-dose therapy and ABMT for follicular lymphoma

High-dose therapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have become the accepted treatment for patients with chemotherapy responsive diffuse large-cell lymphoma after a relapse from initial remission. These observations have been the stimulus to test autotransplantation as part of
The Division of Labor as Social Interaction

Adam Smith and Emile Durkheim paid little attention to the concrete substance of the concept of division of labor. What is its empirical referent? Treated as “specialization,” it is historically relative, addressed to the differentiation of social work-roles rather than of technologically “whole” tasks. For human ecologists and structural analysts of organizations, empirical measures of the differentiation of work roles prove to be artifacts of administrative authority: the socially organized power to define work roles and assign people to them. Three different principles and ideologies by which the division of labor can be organized are sketched, along with their consequences for variation in structure and content. Finally, it is noted that the ultimate reality of the division of labor lies in the social interaction of its participants.
Expo-Power Utility: A ‘Flexible’ Form for Absolute and Relative Risk Aversion

A new utility function, which I call expo‐power, is proposed that exhibits decreasing, constant, or increasing absolute risk aversion and decreasing or increasing relative risk aversion, depending on parameter values. Numerical analysis suggests that the expo‐power function performs well in incorporating these risk preference structures, and that arbitrary risk preference specifications may lead to biased risk response estimates.
The von Hippel-Lindau protein, HIF hydroxylation, and oxygen sensing.

Abstract The heterodimeric transcription factor HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor), consisting of a labile α-subunit and a stable β-subunit, is a master regulator of genes involved in acute or chronic adaptation to low oxygen. Studies performed over the past 5 years revealed that HIFα-subunits are enzymatically hydroxylated in an oxygen-dependent manner. Hydroxylation of either of two conserved prolyl residues targets HIFα for destruction by a ubiquitin ligase containing the von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor protein whereas hydroxylation on a C-terminal asparagine affects HIF transactivation function. Pharmacological manipulation of HIF activity might be beneficial in diseases characterized by abnormal tissue oxygenation including myocardical infarction, cerebrovascular disease, and cancer.
Topology mapping of the vacuolar Vcx1p Ca2+/H+ exchanger from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae uses vacuolar storage to dynamically control the cytoplasmic calcium concentration. Vcx1p, a Ca 2+ /H + antiporter and a member of the CAX (Ca 2+ /anion exchanger) family of exchangers, is one of the proteins that sequesters calcium into the vacuole. Although the biological importance of Vcx1p is clear, the molecular mechanism by which Vcx1p and its family members mediate Ca 2+ /H + exchange activity remains poorly understood. To provide a basic structural framework for understanding functional studies of the CAX proteins, we have mapped Vcx1p's topology using three biochemical assays: C-terminal reporter localization, glycosylation mapping and proteolysis. We have found that the protein has an odd number of TM (transmembrane) domains and that its termini are located on opposite sides of the membrane, with the N-terminus in the cytoplasm. Our results indicate that loops 1, 3, 7 and 9 are luminal, while loops 6 and 8 are cytosolic. Our experimentally-based topology model for Vcx1p is in agreement with models derived from topology algorithms and with biochemical data reported by other groups. In addition, our studies suggest that the calcium domain, a nine-residue domain found to be critical for function in CAX proteins from plants, is not essential to Vcx1p activity.
Transport Rather Than Diffusion-Dependent Route for Nitric Oxide Gas Activity in Alveolar Epithelium

The pathway by which inhaled NO gas enters pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells has not been directly tested. Although the expected mechanism is diffusion, another route is the formation of S-nitroso-L-cysteine, which then enters the cell through the L-type amino acid transporter(LAT). To determine if NO gas also enters alveolar epithelium this way, we exposed alveolar epithelial—rat type I, type II, L2, R3/1, and human A549—cells to NO gas at air liquid interface in the presence of L- and D-cysteine ± LAT competitors. NO gas exposure concentration-dependently increased intracellular NO and S-nitrosothiol levels in the presence of L- but not D-cysteine, which was inhibited by LAT competitors, and was inversely proportional to diffusion distance. The effect of L-cysteine on NO uptake was also concentration dependent. Without pre-incubation with L-cysteine, NO uptake was significantly reduced. We found similar effects using ethyl nitrite gas in place of NO. Exposure to either gas induced activation of soluble guanylyl cylase in a parallel manner, consistent with LAT-dependence. We conclude that NO gas uptake by alveolar epithelium achieves NO-based signaling predominantly by forming extracellular S-nitroso-L-cysteine that is taken up through LAT, rather than by diffusion. Augmenting extracellular S-nitroso-L-cysteine formation may augment pharmacological actions of inhaled NO gas.
What Are We Assessing When We Measure Food Security? A Compendium and Review of Current Metrics

The appropriate measurement of food security is critical for targeting food and economic aid; supporting early famine warning and global monitoring systems; evaluating nutrition, health, and development programs; and informing government policy across many sectors. This important work is complicated by the multiple approaches and tools for assessing food security. In response, we have prepared a compendium and review of food security assessment tools in which we review issues of terminology, measurement, and validation. We begin by describing the evolving definition of food security and use this discussion to frame a review of the current landscape of measurement tools available for assessing food security. We critically assess the purpose/s of these tools, the domains of food security assessed by each, the conceptualizations of food security that underpin each metric, as well as the approaches that have been used to validate these metrics. Specifically, we describe measurement tools that 1) provide national-level estimates of food security, 2) inform global monitoring and early warning systems, 3) assess household food access and acquisition, and 4) measure food consumption and utilization. After describing a number of outstanding measurement challenges that might be addressed in future research, we conclude by offering suggestions to guide the selection of appropriate food security metrics.
Manhood in Contradiction: The Two Faces of Straight Edge

This article examines the contradictory nature of the straight edge movement, a maledominated youth movement struggling to create a more progressive masculinity. By comparing straight edge to other men’s movements, it is shown how the movement proposes a more progressive vision of manhood yet, in many ways, still reflects hegemonic constructions of masculinity. The article also discusses the multiple expressions of masculinity that emerge within a single men’s movement, and it highlights the problems of reconstructing manhood in a masculine context. Finally, it is suggested that such work will aid an understanding of the barriers profeminist men’s movements face in recreating masculinity.
A highly tilted binding mode by a self-reactive T cell receptor results in altered engagement of peptide and MHC.

Self-reactive T cells that escape elimination in the thymus can cause autoimmune pathology, and it is therefore important to understand the structural mechanisms of self-antigen recognition. We report the crystal structure of a T cell receptor (TCR) from a patient with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis that engages its self-peptide–major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) ligand in an unusual manner. The TCR is bound in a highly tilted orientation that prevents interaction of the TCR-α chain with the MHC class II β chain helix. In this structure, only a single germline-encoded TCR loop engages the MHC protein, whereas in most other TCR-pMHC structures all four germline-encoded TCR loops bind to the MHC helices. The tilted binding mode also prevents peptide contacts by the short complementarity-determining region (CDR) 3β loop, and interactions that contribute to peptide side chain specificity are focused on the CDR3α loop. This structure is the first example in which only a single germline-encoded TCR loop contacts the MHC helices. Furthermore, the reduced interaction surface with the peptide may facilitate TCR cross-reactivity. The structural alterations in the trimolecular complex are distinct from previously characterized self-reactive TCRs, indicating that there are multiple unusual ways for self-reactive TCRs to bind their pMHC ligand.
A Systematic Review of Telestroke

AbstractBackground: The use of 2-way audiovisual (AV) technology for delivery of acute stroke evaluation and management, termed “telestroke,” is supported by a rapidly growing literature base. A systematic review that provides a comprehensive, easily digestible overview of telestroke science and practice is lacking. Purpose: To conduct a systematic review of the published literature on telemedical consultation for the purposes of providing acute stroke evaluation and management. Data Sources: The Ovid Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, CINAHL, PubMed, and Cochrane databases were searched with numerous keywords relevant to telestroke from January 1996 through July 2012. Study Selection: Studies were included if the title or abstract expressed use of 2-way AV communication for acute stroke evaluation and management. Data Extraction: Each article was classified using a novel scoring rubric to assess the level of Functionality, Application, Technology, and Evaluative stage (FATE). Data Analysis: The search yielded 1...
WHOLE-GRAIN RICE FLAVOR ASSOCIATED WITH ASSORTED BRAN COLORS: FLAVOR LEXICON FOR WHOLE-GRAIN RICE

Recognition of the health benefits of whole-grain and pigmented bran rice has resulted in their increased consumption. Bran contributes fiber, minerals, vitamins and an array of phytonutrients to the diet. Understanding flavor differences arising from bran pigmentation helps consumers choose the best rice for their use. Ten panelists trained in descriptive analysis developed 25 descriptors to describe whole-grain rice flavor and evaluated the flavor of 22 rice samples with white, light-brown, dark-brown, red and black bran. Brown rice had more intense grainy/starchy, cooked cereal and corn/popcorn/buttery flavors. Black rice was higher in oily, darkberry, medicinal and smoky/burnt flavors. Red rice had greater intensities for beany, animal/wet dog and earthy flavors. The darker cultivars tend to have more bitter taste and astringent mouthfeel. This lexicon enhances the understanding of flavors associated with rice bran color. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Whole-grain rice is unpolished or unmilled rice with the bran layers retained. The bran layer has many nutrients that are removed during polishing (milling). Because of the health benefits of keeping the bran layer intact, whole-grain rice has experienced an increase in demand worldwide. Milled-rice flavor has been characterized, but whole-grain rice has a different flavor profile due to the bran. This new whole-grain rice flavor lexicon describes the flavor attributes and differences between bran color and types of whole-grain rice.
Periodontitis may increase likelihood of erectile dysfunction in Taiwanese men.

Article Title and Bibliographic Information A nationwide population-based study on the association between chronic periodontitis and erectile dysfunction. Keller JJ, Chung S-D, Lin H-C. J Clin Periodontol 2012;39:507-12. Reviewer Raul I. Garcia, DMD, MMedSc Purpose/Question To explore the association between chronic periodontitis and erectile dysfunction Source of Funding Authors received no external funding Type of Study/Design Case–control study Level of Evidence Level 2: Limited-quality, patient-oriented evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade N/A: Not applicable
Sleep Disorders in the Older Patient

Sleep changes dramatically with old age. Subjective and objective measures demonstrate an increase in sleep and wake disturbances with advancing age. The older person has a more fragmented sleep, sleeps less deeply, and tends to experience early morning awakenings. When older patients have sleep disorders, they often present with excessive daytime sleepiness, insomnia, or abnormal motor activity. In making the appropriate diagnosis, the role of the provider is to review the patient's medical history,psychiatric history, medications, underlying medical illnesses, and sleep-wake pattern. The aging process itself does not cause sleep problems and sleep requirements do not decrease with advanced age. The prevalence of insomnia, sleep-related breathing disorder, PLMS, and RLS increases with age and may lead to poor sleep quality. Because many sleep disorders are potentially reversible, it is the responsibility of the primary care provider to screen for these problems. A carefully planned clinical decision-making process when encountering a sleep disturbance in the older patient can greatly enhance quality of life and daytime function.
Japan's North-South Dialogue at the United Nations

The article examines Japan's diplomatic style and rhetoric, actual policies, and underlying attitudes toward North-South problems, focusing on her reactions to demands for a New International Economic Order (NIEO) by the LDCs. The conventional classification of Japan as “right-wing conservative” is shown to be misleading. Her policies are often less conservative than her rhetoric. As a result of her success as a recently developed country, her close observation of the industrialization of Asia's newly industrializing countries, and her status as a still growing latecomer—experienced in “structural adjustments” for her own benefit and faced by growing protectionist pressure from other developed countries—Japan is perhaps the most realistically optimistic of the states concerned about the prospect of the NIEO demands for a “new division of labor” and “structural change.” It is possible that Japan will assume some activist role as a mediator in the North-South dialogue, perhaps in the quiet areas of negotiation and policy formulation rather than in the arena of public diplomacy such as summit meetings.
Multiple origins for olivine at Copernicus crater

Abstract Multiple origins for olivine-bearing lithologies at Copernicus crater are recognized based on integrated analysis of data from Chandrayaan-1 Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3), Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) and Kaguya Terrain Camera (TC). We report the diverse morphological and spectral character of previously known olivine-bearing exposures as well as the new olivine occurrences identified in this study. Prominent albedo differences exist between olivine-bearing exposures in the central peaks and a northern wall unit (the latter being ∼40% darker). The low-albedo wall unit occurs as a linear mantling deposit and is interpreted to be of impact melt origin, in contrast with the largely unmodified nature of olivine-bearing peaks. Small and localized occurrences of olivine-bearing lithology have also been identified on the impact melt-rich floor, representing a third geologic setting (apart from crater wall and peaks). Recent remote sensing missions have identified olivine-bearing exposures around lunar basins (e.g. Yamamoto et al., 2010 , Pieters et al., 2011 , Kramer et al., 2013 ) and at other craters (e.g. Sun and Li, 2014 ), renewing strong interest in its origin and provenance. A direct mantle exposure has commonly been suggested in this regard. Our detailed observations of the morphological and spectral diversity in the olivine-bearing exposures at Copernicus have provided critical constraints on their origin and source regions, emphasizing multiple formation mechanisms. These findings directly impact the interpretation of olivine exposures elsewhere on the Moon. Olivine can occur in diverse environments including an impact melt origin, and therefore it is unlikely for all olivine exposures to be direct mantle occurrences as has generally been suggested.
Surgery for Aortic Regurgitation in Women Contrasting Indications and Outcomes Compared With Men

Background Indications for surgical correction of aortic regurgitation have been established mostly in men and have not been validated in women. The outcome of this surgical correction in women is unknown. Methods and Results Baseline characteristics and postoperative outcomes were compared between 51 women and 198 men undergoing surgery for isolated aortic regurgitation between 1980 and 1989. Compared with men, women had surgery rarely for severe left ventricular enlargement (systolic diameter ≥55 mm in 11% versus 27%, P=.031; diastolic diameter ≥80 mm in 0% versus 16%, P<.0001) and more often for class III to IV symptoms (59% versus 32%, P<.0001). Operative mortalities were similar in women and men (3.9% and 4.5%, respectively). Among operative survivors, 10-year survival was worse for women than for men (39±9% versus 72±4%, P=.0002) and, in contrast with men, was worse than expected for women (P<.0001). Independent predictors of late survival were different for men (age and ejection fraction) and women...
Ectopic pancreas presenting with pancreatitis and a mesenteric mass.

Abstract Ectopic pancreas is defined by the presence of abnormally situated pancreatic tissue that lacks contact with normal pancreas and possesses its own duct system and vascular supply. Ectopic pancreas in the gastrointestinal tract is not uncommon. Moreover, there are several reported cases of adult ectopic pancreatitis in the literature, but to date, only two cases of pediatric ectopic pancreatitis have been reported. We describe a 15-year-old female with acute right upper quadrant pain and elevated serum lipase and amylase, in whom the radiological diagnosis was mesenteric soft tissue mass with adjacent inflammatory changes. The surgical pathology diagnosis, however, was mesenteric ectopic pancreas complicated by pancreatitis. We advocate for ectopic pancreatitis to be considered in a pediatric patient with acute abdominal pain, laboratory findings consistent with pancreatitis, and imaging findings of a mesenteric mass and normal orthotopic pancreas.
Evaluation of Segmentation Algorithms in CT Scanning

We developed a method to evaluate the accuracy of segmentation algorithms. Oversegmentation, undersegmentation, missing and spurious labels may all appear concurrently in machine segmented images. Segmentation algorithms make systematic errors and have different optimal operating ranges. Existing methods of segmentation evaluation do not evaluate these details. Our method, based on multiple feature recovery, reports systematic errors and indicates optimal operating ranges of features, besides measuring overall errors. A knowledge of the magnitude and type of errors can be used for tuning or selecting segmentation algorithms. Although our method was developed for CT scanning for security, it is applicable to other fields, including medical imaging, where multi-object feature recovery, non-uniform costs and a knowledge of optimal operating ranges are helpful.
Search for an object with two attributes

Abstract This paper presents and analyzes a simple equilibrium search model. On one side, there is a population of searchers; on the other side, a population of objects. Searchers are strategic decision makers who are there to get matched to an object, while objects have no preferences or decisions to make. The main novelty is that an object is characterized by two attributes, but a searcher can observe only one at the point of decision. This generates some interesting phenomena such as multiplicity of equilibria, in some of which the searcher's payoff is a discontinuous function of the observed attribute and the adoption decision is not everywhere monotonic in the observed attribute.
Reduced epinephrine clearance and glycemic sensitivity to epinephrine in older individuals

To test the hypothesis that glycemic sensitivity to epinephrine is reduced in older individuals and to assess the impact of a sedentary lifestyle on responses to the hormone, we performed 30-min se...
Web-based spatiotemporal simulation modeling and visualization of tsunami inundation and potential human response

Modeling spatiotemporal phenomena can provide insight into potential behavior of simulated objects during hypothetical events. Simulation frameworks can be a useful method of modeling these scenarios, and become more flexible when developed in a fashion that facilitates automated generation of output based on variable input parameters. By connecting a simulation framework to a web-based system, a user can assign input parameters of their choosing, run a simulation, and explore the output data in a dynamic, animated, map-based context using a standard web browser. The framework described here utilizes tsunami simulation data and user input to generate a combined web-based visualization and simulation model of human response to tsunami inundation. Input parameters pertaining to human population and community of interest are provided by the user and guide automated development of a simulation model scenario of spatiotemporal human response to a hypothetical tsunami inundation event. Simulated human movement ...
Expression of the Mouse Metallothionein-I and -II Genes Provides a Reproductive Advantage during Maternal Dietary Zinc Deficiency

The function of metallothionein in zinc homeostasis was examined by using mice homozygous for knockout (KO) of the metallothionein-I or -II (MT-I and MT-II) genes. Pregnant MT-I/II KO mice or control mice were fed a zinc-deficient (1 microg/g or 5 microg/g) diet or a zinc-adequate (50 microg/g) diet during specific periods of pregnancy, and the effects on morphogenesis of the embryos were determined at day 14 of pregnancy (day 1 = vaginal plug). In the homozygous MT-I/II KO, as well as in the nontransgenic control mice, severe dietary zinc deficiency (1 microg/g) beginning on day 1 of pregnancy was embryotoxic and teratogenic, and the majority of the embryos in both strains were dead by mid-gestation. However, 53% of the surviving embryos in the MT-I/II KO mice were morphologically abnormal compared to only 32% of the embryos in the control mice. In subsequent experiments, moderate dietary zinc deficiency (5 microg/g beginning on day 1 of pregnancy or 1 microg/g dietary zinc beginning on day 8 of pregnancy) exerted teratogenic, but not embryotoxic effects. Embryos in the MT-I/II KO mice were 260 to 290% as likely to develop abnormally than were embryos in the control mice fed these same diets. These results demonstrate that the expression of the MT-I and -II genes in pregnant females improves reproductive success during maternal dietary zinc deficiency.
Magnetic Moment of the Proton in H 2 O in Bohr Magnetons

We have measured the ratio of the magnetic moment of the electron in hydrogen to the magnetic moment of the proton in ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O to be $\frac{{g}_{j}(\mathrm{H})}{{{g}_{p}}^{\ensuremath{'}}}=658.2160091(68)$ [10 parts per billion (ppb)], at a temperature of 34.7\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. This yields a value for the proton moment in Bohr magnetons of $\frac{{{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{p}}^{\ensuremath{'}}}{{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{B}}}=0.001520992983(17)$ (11 ppb). Our result differs from the currently accepted value by 150 ppb.
Beyond Big Data -- Rethinking Programming Languages for Non-persistent Data

In "Big Data" research, the data acquired from many sources are fused and analyzed to obtain valuable and sometimes unexpected information. Even though the volumes of data are unprecedented, the data are usually stored for post-experiment analysis and for sharing among scientists. Typical scenarios implicitly assume that the data are stored and can be re-analyzed later. The reality is, unfortunately, not so ideal because the data may be "non-persistent" and allow only one-time use. We propose to reformulate how big data programs are developed, and introduce the notion of data-carrying programs that are, in a sense, self-validating. By writing these programs in a specially-defined language, and transforming them to store sample data, programs can save enough data to provide high-confidence validation of their results.
Review on Raman-based Thermal Characterization and Analysis

Raman scattering can be used not only to characterize the micro features and structures of materials,but also to monitor the stress and temperature of materials.In this paper,the mechanism of temperature dependence of Raman spectroscopy is reviewed and three approaches in Raman thermometry and their applications are dicussed.Four major applications of Raman thermometry are reviewed including sub-10 nm temperature measurement in laser assisted near-field heating,thermal conductivity measurement of graphene,development of steady-state electro-Raman-thermal technique to measure thermal conductivity of one-dimensional micro/nanomaterials,and time-resolved temperature measurement.
Expression of TAT-EGFP fusion protein and its transmembrane delivery and distribution in mice in vivo

OBJECTIVE:To construct the methods of expression of TAT-EGFP fusion protein in prokaryocyte and explore the transmembrane delivery efficacy and distribution in mice tissues of the fusion protein.METHODS:By transforming the recombinant vector pET32-TAT-EGFP to E.Coli BL21,the fusion protein expressed stably was obtained.The purified fusion protein was injected into the peritoneal cavity of the mice before 3 days of parturition.The mices' freezed slice tissues was observed.RESULTS:TAT-EGFP fusion protein with molecular weight of 32×103 was successfully expressed positively.The fusion protein was distributed in many kinds of mice tissues,especially in intestine epithelial tissue,and it was also transducted through the placental barrier and blood-brain-barrier.CONCLUSIONS:The TAT-EGFP fusion protein has the capability to transduct kinds of biomembrane,and it lays the foundation for further studying the function of other bioactive material with larger molecular weight.
Mechanisms for intracellular distribution of mRNA: in situ hybridization studies in muscle.

The intracellular distribution of mRNA in striated muscle fibers is highly ordered, as is the structural organization of the fibers' contractile apparatus. Results from in situ hybridization of mus...
Urinary pregnandiol-3-glucuronide and estrone conjugates to creatinine ratios in early pregnancies complicated by vaginal bleeding * †

There is no simple and rapid test available to predict the outcome of an early pregnancy complicated by vaginal bleeding. In this prospective study, 15 women with normal pregnancies collected a weekly urine sample between 6 and 13 weeks' gestation. A single random urine sample was obtained from 15 women with bleeding who continued to carry their child and 50 women who proceeded to have a spontaneous abortion (SAB). Pregnandiol-3-glucuronide (PDG) was determined with the use of enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) and estrone conjugates (E1C) were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The ratios of these metabolites to creatinine (C) were calculated. PDG/C ratios in normal women rose gradually from 6 weeks on. All women with bleeding during a normal pregnancy had ratios in the normal range, but 94% of women with a SAB had ratios below the normal range. The E1C/C ratio remained unchanged from 6 to 11 weeks and then rose rapidly. Until 11 weeks, there was no clear separation between the E1C/C ratios of the women with a SAB and the women with bleeding who continued their pregnancies. The prognosis of threatened abortion can be made by a urinary PDG/C ratio but not by an E1C/C ratio. EMIT is simple and quick and uses technology present in many laboratories.
Managing the microgrid net load variability

This paper investigates and compares two options to control the microgrid net load variability resulted from high penetration renewable generation. The proposed options include 1) Local management, which limits the microgrid net load variability in the distribution level by enforcing a cap constraint, and 2) Central management, which recommends on building a new fast response generation unit to limit aggregated microgrid net load variability in the distribution level. In this paper, the power flow changes between two consecutive hours, i.e., power ramping is considered as the major representative of variability. A microgrid optimal scheduling model is developed using mixed-integer programming. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in identifying the more viable option.