cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Benefits analysis of terminal-area air traffic automation at the Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport

Advanced air traffic management systems such as the Center/TRACON Automation System (CTAS) should yield a wide range of benefits, including reduced aircraft delays and controller workload. To estimate the trafficflow benefits achievable from future terminal airspace automation, live radar information was used to perform an analysis of current aircraft landing rates and separations at the Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport. Separation statistics that result when controllers balance complex procedural constraints against the need to maintain high landing rates are presented. In addition, the analysis estimates the potential for airport capacity improvements by determining the unused landing opportunities that occur during rush traffic periods. Results suggest a large potential for improving the accuracy and consistency of spacing between arrivals on final approach, and they support earlier simulation findings that improved air traffic management would increase capacity and reduce delays.
Maternal Health Care at a Japanese American Relocation Camp, 1942–1945: A Historical Study

Background: From late summer of 1942 until the fall of 1945, approximately 120,000 ethnic Japanese were confined behind barbed wire within 10 relocation camps in the United States. Although histories have been written about the relocation camps, little data are available about women's lives. This study explored women's lives and experiences with pregnancy, childbirth, and child care in a Japanese-American relocation camp. Methods: Twenty women who were ages 18 to 31 years at the time of internment at Heart Mountain, Wyoming Japanese American Relocation Camp, and one caucasian nurse who worked in the obstetric unit of the camp's hospital were interviewed. Archival, demographic, and historical data, including some prenatal records, provided information about maternity and public health care for pregnant women and new mothers. Results: Obstetric hospital practices were typical of the 1940s in the United States. Community public health services for new mothers included formula kitchens and well-baby clinics. Infant mortality statistics from 1942 to 1945 at Heart Mountain were comparatively better for the same time period than for the state of Wyoming or the United States. These outcomes may have reflected the camp's extensive social and family support, adequate housing and food, and universal access to maternity services. Conclusions: The Heart Mountain internment provides a story about how women's lives are impacted by war. Since World War II, civilians, especially women and children, have increasingly been targeted during wars with profound impact upon the health of mothers and babies. (BIRTH 24:3, September 1997)
39.5-GHz static frequency divider implemented in AlInAs/GaInAs HBT technology

A static divide-by-4 frequency divider operating at 39.5 GHz with a corresponding gate delay of 12.6 ps was implemented using InP-based HBT technology. The AlInAs/GaInAs HBT devices utilized in the divider incorporated a graded emitter-base (E-B) junction and had a unity gain cutoff frequency, maximum frequency of oscillation, and current gain beta of 130 GHz, 91 GHz, and 39, respectively. The divider was operated with a 3-V power supply and consumed a total power of 425 mW (77 mW per flip-flop). The divider functional yield was over 90%. The operating frequency of this circuit is the highest ever reported for a static divider. >
Advances in the Clinical Staging of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Featured Article: Rai KR, Sawitsky A, Cronkite EP, Chanana AD, Levy RN, Pasternack BS. Clinical staging of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 1975;46:219–34.3 Before publication of this article, clinicians treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) experienced a high level of frustration because of the vast heterogeneity in the clinical courses of patients with CLL. After their initial diagnosis, some patients had an extremely aggressive course and would die in about 2 to 3 years despite therapy, whereas some CLL patients would live for years and sometimes die decades later from causes unrelated to CLL. CLL remained a relatively less investigated disease for more than 60 years of the 20th century. The publication of this article in 1975 provided an extremely practical, clinically usable, and reliable method of assigning CLL patients at the time of initial diagnosis into 3 broad prognostic groups: Those with evidence …
Role of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A activity in endothelial cell cytoskeleton rearrangement

To examine signaling mechanisms relevant to cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent endothelial cell barrier regulation, we investigated the impact of the cAMP/PKA inhibitors Rp diastereomer of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate (Rp-cAMPS) and PKA inhibitor (PKI) on bovine pulmonary artery and bovine lung microvascular endothelial cell cytoskeleton reorganization. Rp-cAMPS as well as PKI significantly increased the formation of actin stress fibers and intercellular gaps but did not alter myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, suggesting that the Rp-cAMPS-induced contractile phenotype evolves in an MLC-independent fashion. We next examined the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) in Rp-cAMPS- and PKI-induced actin rearrangement. The activities of both ERK1/2 and its upstream activator Raf-1 were transiently enhanced by Rp-cAMPS and linked to the phosphorylation of the well-known ERK cytoskeletal target caldesmon. Inhibition of the Raf-1 target ERK kinase (MEK) either attenuated or abolished Rp-cAMPS- and PKI-induced ERK activation, caldesmon phosphorylation, and stress fiber formation. In summary, our data elucidate the involvement of the p42/44 ERK pathway in cytoskeletal rearrangement evoked by reductions in PKA activity and suggest the involvement of significant cross talk between cAMP- and ERK-dependent signaling pathways in endothelial cell cytoskeletal organization and barrier regulation.
The Fourier Integral

This chapter consists of three essential parts. First comes a brief statement of the essential features of the Lebesgue integral, including the definition and pertinent major convergence theorems.
EP24.15 as a Potential Regulator of Kisspeptin Within the Neuroendocrine Hypothalamus

The neuropeptide kisspeptin (Kiss1) is integral to the advent of puberty and the generation of cyclical LH surges. Although many complex actions of Kiss1 are known, the mechanisms governing the processing/regulation of this peptide have not been unveiled. The metallo enzyme, endopeptidase 24.15 (thimet oligopeptidase), has been demonstrated to play a key role in the processing and thus the duration of action of the reproductive neuropeptide, GnRH, which signals downstream of Kiss1. Initial in silico modeling implied that Kiss1 could also be a putative substrate for EP24.15. Coincubation of Kiss1 and EP24.15 demonstrated multiple cleavages of the peptide predominantly between Arg29-Gly30 and Ser47-Phe48 (corresponding to Ser5-Phe6 in Kiss-10; Kiss-10 as a substrate had an additional cleavage between Phe6-Gly7) as determined by mass spectrometry. Vmax for the reaction was 2.37±0.09 pmol/min · ng with a Km of 19.68 ± 2.53μM, which is comparable with other known substrates of EP24.15. EP24.15 immunoreactivity, as previously demonstrated, is distributed in cell bodies, nuclei, and processes throughout the hypothalamus. Kiss1 immunoreactivity is localized primarily to cell bodies and fibers within the mediobasal and anteroventral-periventricular hypothalamus. Double-label immunohistochemistry indicated coexpression of EP24.15 and Kiss1, implicating that the regulation of Kiss1 by EP24.15 could occur in vivo. Further studies will be directed at determining the precise temporal sequence of EP24.15 effects on Kiss1 as it relates to the control of reproductive hormone secretion and treatment of fertility issues.
Quantum efficiency simulations with inputs from spectroscopic ellipsometry for evaluation of carrier collection in a-Si:H solar cells

We have employed optical simulations based on input from ex-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) to predict external quantum efficiency (EQE) spectra of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar cells prepared using one and two-step i-layers. The simulations are based entirely on structural parameters, including layer thicknesses and material volume fractions, as well as spectroscopic optical properties for each of the component layers. All inputs are derived from through-the-glass and film-side SE analysis of device stacks. A comparison between simulated and measured EQE spectra provide insights into recombination losses in a-Si:H solar cells, as the simulated results are not affected by such losses.
Treatment and outcomes of elderly versus younger patients with advanced NSCLC at Mayo Clinic Arizona (MCA)

e19047 Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is predominantly a disease of the elderly. Most patients (pts) present with incurable advanced disease, but chemotherapy for good performance s...
High-Order Equality Constraint Tracking Algorithm for Nonlinear Optimization

Optimal solutions for engineering and scientific systems frequently invoke optimization methods to improve designs that are measured by performance indices. Many successful algorithms exist that build on either linear or second order math models. More complicated problems involve constraint conditions, where equality constraints are most easily handled. This paper presents an equality constraint tracking algorithm that uses high-order Taylor expansions to maintain the current solution estimate on the constraint surfaces. Introduction of a high-order constraint following Taylor series eliminates the need for introducing Lagrange multipliers. A Davidenko-like embedding operator is introduced to simultaneously couple the performance index and constraint surface partials. The classical n-dimensional searching problem is replaced with a single parameter search. Computational differentiation provides first through fourth order mixed partial derivatives for all calculations. The algorithm begins with a basic feasible solution for the vector set of constraint conditions. Repeated differentiations of the embedding function provides a cascade of nonlinear partial derivative necessary conditions that linearly contain the linked performance index/ constraint surface partial derivatives. The solution vector is Taylor expanded in terms of the coupled performance index/constraint surface partials. Additional Taylor series approximations are obtained for the performance its derivative w.r.t. into the embedding operator coupling parameter; yielding polynomials that are easily solved for minima, maxima, and extrema values by using standard numerical software. Several examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The proposed algorithm is expected to have a significant impact on knowledge discovery applications where equality constrained optimization is a critical step in the design of future advanced technology systems.
The science grapevine: Influence of blog information on the online media coverage of the 2010 arsenic-based life study

Informal chatter has always been part of the scientific community, but with the emergence of online blogs these casual debates have become public. Here, I present a case study of how blog informati...
LLNL NESHAPs 2010 Annual Report

Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC operates facilities at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (INL) where radionuclides are handled and stored. Using measured and calculated emission and building-specific and common parameters, LLNL applied the EPA approved computer code to calculate the dose to the maximally exposed individual for the Livermore site and Site 300.
Re-imagining the Cambridge School in the Age of Digital Humanities

Recent work on the history of political thought, exploiting digital resources, is challenging the idea that empirically and hermeneutically minded political scientists must work independently in silos. Work by students of the Cambridge School and work by textual data miners are showing the way toward a new hermeneutical circle—one in which empirically and hermeneutically minded political scientists can use digital resources to analyze diverse texts and make groundbreaking discoveries on relationships between textual uses of language and political change. I analyze this new trend toward different sorts of political scientists using digital resources to study ideas, to outline underlying paradigms relating language and politics in these respective fields, and to consider how they could be brought into productive conversation. I then consider how such conversation would enrich subdisciplinary understandings of the role of language in politics. Ultimately, I use this analysis to generate a broader model for h...
Convergence of EGF Receptor and Src Family Signaling Networks in Cancer

EGF receptor (EGFR) and c-Src are tyrosine kinases of the receptor and non-receptor classes, respectively, that which are frequently co-overexpressed or co-activated in multiple human cancers, including those of breast, prostate, lung, and colon. Most of these cancers express non-mutated forms of each kinase, and overexpression of either is weakly or non-oncogenic. However, When co-overexpressed, however, they exhibit profound synergism that up-regulates many neoplastic processes, including cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis. This synergism is dependent upon or greatly enhanced by physical association between c-Src and ligand-stimulated EGFR, which leads to activation of both kinases, phosphorylation of EGFR by c-Src, and enhanced phosphorylation of EGFR and c-Src substrates. Non-EGFR ligands, such as agonists for G-protein coupled receptors and cytokine receptors, also induce association between EGFR and c-Src and subsequent oncogenic consequences of this interaction. Because of their important roles in the etiology and progression of a broad spectrum of cancers, EGFR and c-Src represent signaling molecules that are ripe for combinatorial therapeutic targeting.
Structured Interpolation Theory

In this paper, we extend our previous work on the spectral commutant lifting theorem [4] to the case of structured singular values which appear in certain problems in control theory. We moreover give a new characterization of the structured singular value, and formulate and prove a structured version of the matrix Nevanlinna-Pick theorem.
Determinants of Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use among Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Objective To examine the determinants of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use. Data Sources/Study Setting U.S. nationally representative data on (n = 16,588) noninstitutionalized older adults (age ≥65) with drug use from the 2006–2010 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Study Design We operationalized the 2012 Beers Criteria to identify PIM use during the year, and we examined associations with individual-level characteristics hypothesized to be quality enabling or related to need complexity. Principal Findings Almost one-third (30.9 percent) of older adults used a PIM. Multivariate results suggest that poor health status and high-PIM-risk conditions were associated with increased PIM use, while increasing age and educational attainment were associated with lower PIM use. Contrary to expectations, lack of a usual care source of care or supplemental insurance was associated with lower PIM use. Medication intensity appears to be in the pathway between both quality-enabling and need-complexity characteristics and PIM use. Conclusion Our results suggest that physicians attempt to avoid PIM use in the oldest old but have inadequate focus on the high-PIM-risk conditions. Educational programs targeted to physician practice regarding high-PIM-risk conditions and patient literacy regarding medication use are potential responses.
On maximally parallel schemata

A model for parallel computation called a schema is presented. This model is similar to that presented in the recent work of Karp and Miller2. Section 1 presents a description of the model, and some results on the characterization of computations within it. Section 2 summarizes some results on determinacy and equivalence. Section 3 presents a formalization of the property of maximal parallelism in schemata. Several alternate characterizations are shown to be equivalent for certain classes. Section 4 presents results on the complexity of a maximally parallel schema equivalent to a given schema.
Molecular Aspects of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor and Calcium Homeostasis

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) was first cloned and characterized by Brown et al. more than 20 years ago. Since then, it has become recognized as a key modulator of many physiological functions. In the parathyroid gland, depending on the extracellular calcium levels, the CaSR modulates parathyroid hormone secretion through a feedback loop that coordinates calcium homeostasis in multiple interrelated systems. In bone, CaSR modulates bone mineralization and regulates osteoblast and osteoclast proliferation and function. In the kidney, CaSR regulates fluid and electrolyte balance. In the gastrointestinal tract the CaSR plays important roles in digestion, immune barrier function, gastric acid secretion, regulation of bile flow, pancreatic fluid control, and interaction with intestinal flora, and it exhibits an antidiarrheal effect in the colon. In the skin, the receptor is involved in regulation of vitamin D and immune response.
Abstract 3168: A role for tumor-derived CCL2 in directing leukocyte infiltration and stromal heterogeneity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Tumor heterogeneity within solid tumors is a recognized barrier to the efficacy of standard therapies. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) the microenvironment is characterized by varying degrees of cytokine/chemokine production, stromal extracellular matrix, and immune cell infiltrates (Hezel et al. 2006). To investigate stromal phenotypical differences in PDAC, we have used the KrasG12D-; Trp53R172H; Pdx-1 Cre (KPC) genetically engineered mouse model which recapitulates tumor heterogeneity seen in human PDAC (Hingorani et al. 2005). Gross histological analysis of KPC tumors allowed us to stratify tumors into 2 broad groups: stromal and non-stromal. We found that stromal tumors were comprised of a significant macrophage infiltrate, whereas non-stromal tumors were generally void of macrophages. We modeled this stromal heterogeneity using tumor cell lines derived from KPC tumors. We found that, when implanted under the skin of wild-type mice, some cell lines produced stromal tumors rich in macrophages, while others formed non-stromal tumors with few macrophages within the microenvironment. Supernatant cultured from these KPC tumor cell lines in vitro revealed elevated CCL2 production, specifically in cell lines from stromal tumors. As CCL2 is a known chemo-attractant for monocytes, we hypothesized that tumor-derived CCL2 contributes to monocyte recruitment and stromal heterogeneity within the tumor microenvironment. To test this hypothesis, we have used an in vitro trans-well migration assay. With this assay, we found that more bone marrow derived cells migrate toward supernatant from stromal tumors relative to non-stromal tumors. This finding was lost in the presence of a CCL2 inhibitor. Ongoing studies are examining a role for tumor-derived CCL2 in regulating tumor-associated stroma in PDAC. Our findings suggest the importance of tumor-immune cell interactions in defining stromal heterogeneity and may offer insight into mechanisms that regulate the stromal compartment in human PDAC. Citation Format: Graham M. Tooker, Whitney L. Gladney, Gregory Beatty. A role for tumor-derived CCL2 in directing leukocyte infiltration and stromal heterogeneity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3168. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3168
Wild-Type and Mutant C-Kit Activation of Stat3α Contribute to Leukemogenesis through Distinct Effects on Myeloid Cell Proliferation and Resistance to Apoptosis

Expression of a constitutively active mutant of the receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with poor survival. Most mutations occur in the activation loop, at Asp 816 or Asn 822, resulting in ligand-independent tyrosine phosphorylation and resistance to many of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors currently in use. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) also is upregulated and/or constitutively activated in many malignancies, including AML. Stat3 is activated by both wild-type c-Kit, which is expressed on most AML blasts, and by mutant c-Kit. Like mutant c-Kit, increased Stat3 activity has been associated with poor outcome in patients with AML. Stat3 exists in two isoforms – full length Stat3α (p92) and C-terminally truncated Stat3β (p83) – and the contribution of each isoform to c-Kitmediated leukemogenesis is not known. To begin to address this issue, we generated IL-3-dependent 32D murine myeloid cells that inducibly overexpress Stat3α when treated with dexamethasone and doxycycline (induced: Stat3α HI ; uninduced: Stat3α LO ). We further transfected these cells with wild-type c-Kit (c-Kit WT ), c-Kit D816H or c-Kit N822K . First, we established by immunoblotting that c-Kit and Stat3α were tyrosine-phosphorylated only after stem cell factor (SCF) stimulation in cells expressing c-Kit WT , but were constitutively phosphorylated in c-Kit D816H and c-Kit N822K cells. To test the effects of increased Stat3α on survival and proliferation, we withdrew cells from IL-3 and stimulated with SCF (100 ng/ml) for 3 days; control cells remained unstimulated. We measured the proportion of cells undergoing apoptosis at day 3 by FACS using annexin V-PE labeling. In cells expressing c-Kit WT , apoptosis was significantly reduced in SCF-stimulated Stat3α HI cells compared to SCF-stimulated Stat3α LO cells (8.4 ± 5.0% v. 40.8 ± 19.9%; p D816H or c-Kit N822K , apoptosis was significantly reduced in Stat3α HI cells compared to Stat3α LO cells (c-Kit D816H : 30.2 ± 10.2% v. 66.7 ± 8.1%, p N822K : 25.1 ± 17.4% v. 61.4 ± 19.8%, p WT did not proliferate well in the absence of SCF-stimulation, with PIs 1.6 ± 0.1 and 2.1 ± 0.3 for Stat3α LO and Stat3α HI , respectively. The PI for SCF-stimulated Stat3α HI cells was significantly higher than the PI for SCF-stimulated Stat3α LO cells (5.4 ± 0.7 v. 3.7 ± 1.1, p HI c-Kit D816H cells and 2.4 ± 0.3 in Stat3α HI c-Kit N822K cells. Thus, both wild-type and mutant c-Kit activate Stat3α, which results in marked resistance to apoptosis. Wild-type c-Kit also activates a distinct signaling pathway that drives proliferation, and this process is augmented by Stat3α activation. These findings suggest that the critical role for Stat3α in myeloid leukemogenesis is apoptosis prevention and that targeting Stat3α is likely to be an effective therapeutic approach for leukemias with wild-type or mutant c-Kit.
On the special insult of refusing testimony

In this paper, I defend the claim, made by G. E. M. Anscombe and J. L. Austin, that you can insult someone by refusing her testimony. I argue that refusing someone’s testimony can manifest doubt about her credibility, which in the relevant cases is offensive to her, given that she presupposed her credibility by telling what she did. I conclude by sketching three applications of my conclusion: to the issue of valuable false belief, to the issue of testimonial injustice, and to the issue of skepticism about testimonial knowledge.
Trends in wet precipitation, particulate, and gas-phase species in New York State

Here we characterized wet deposition National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) species and Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) dry deposited particle and gas species across New York over the last 2-3 decades. In addition measurements of NH3 from the Ammonia Monitoring Network (AMoN) were analyzed. In general decreasing annual trends are observed for wet deposition SO42− and NO3− species and dry deposited particle SO42−, NO3− and NH4+ as well as gas phase SO2 and HNO3 consistent with reductions in SO2 and NOx emissions. Wet deposited NH4+ however does not show consistent trends with most sites showing little trend across the region and an indication that levels at some sites maybe increasing. NH3 concentrations also appear to be increasing although the data record is only 8 years. Base cations, Ca2+ and Mg2+ show some decreases in the 1980s but concentrations are relatively uniform since the mid-1990s. Na+ and K+ show large year to year variations, by more than an order of magnitude for Na+ due to influence of marine air at a near coastal site. In general there was a balance between the sum of cations and the sum of anions earlier in the record but the tendency has been for a cation excess in the more recent 5–10 years. Understanding the deposition of reduced nitrogen species is likely to be of concern for the foreseeable future. Such data are important in understanding acidification recovery in response to emission controls.
Failing forward in EU migration policy? EU integration after the 2015 asylum and migration crisis

ABSTRACTBy advancing integration through incomplete agreements, the European Union (EU) has created the very conditions for the emergence of crises, and this has, in turn, spurred on further agreements to deepen integration. Employing this theoretical lens, this article examines EU co-operation in asylum and migration that culminated in 2015 to determine whether crises are, in fact, integral to a cyclical process of EU integration rather than occasional events caused by external shocks. This is done by examining the failures and crises that emerged in migration and asylum policy up to 2015 and the agreements struck at EU level to address them. It is found that despite nominal action to address the weak monitoring mechanisms in use to date and incremental reinforcement of the constellation of institutions operating in this area, no solution has dealt with the critical lack of solidarity and absence of centralized institutions at the root of these issues.
The Times They Are A-Changin': Knowledge and Perceptions Regarding Medical Cannabis in an Academic Family Medicine Department.

Background and objectives The United States has seen an evolving perspective on the medical use of cannabis in recent years. Although a majority of states have enacted medical cannabis programs, physicians practicing in these states report a lack of knowledge, lingering concerns, and a need for more training regarding medical cannabis. This study provides a current snapshot of medical cannabis education in an academic family medicine department in a state with a medical cannabis program. Methods An electronic survey was sent to all 134 faculty physicians and residents within a family medicine department to assess current knowledge and attitudes regarding medical cannabis. Study authors performed descriptive statistical analysis of the survey data. Results Of the 61 individuals to complete the survey, 34 were residents and 27 were faculty. Overall, respondents displayed poor understanding of the state's medical cannabis program as well as cannabis regulations. A majority of both faculty and residents reported low self-rated competency levels for medical cannabis efficacy, adverse effects, and safety using Likert scales (1 to 5; 1=low competency, 5=high competency). A majority of faculty (56%) expressed that they did not intend to certify patients for medical cannabis compared to only 33% of residents. Residents were statistically more likely to think of a patient who might benefit from medical cannabis compared to faculty (39% vs 11%, P=.004, chi-square). Conclusions Increasingly, family physicians will be called on to provide informed patient counseling regarding medical cannabis. These results highlight a knowledge gap for family medicine learners in a changing practice landscape.
Main factors and good practices for managing BYOD and IoT risks in a K-12 environment

The presented research looks into information security and privacy risk related to using mobile and embedded devices for learning in the K-12 environment. Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) program and I...
Confusion Infusions, Suggestives, Correctives, and Other Medicines

The authors suggest that it is natural and appropriate for fields to focus on particular phenomena and approaches. For affect, the focus has been on the subset of phenomena called emotion, with emphasis on facial expression, physiological responses, and appraisal. However, the authors note that there is a cost to the focus. The focus on facial expression has caused researchers to ignore those signals, such as those including touch, which involve an interaction among conspecifics. The focus on "internal" accounts of emotion has resulted in relative inattention to the critical adaptive-communication function of displays. P. Rozin and A. B. Cohen (2003) believe that the frequency of confusion and concentration expressions indicates that it is important to inform conspecifics of one's receptiveness to new information or further interactions.
Investigational agents in immunotherapy: a new horizon for the treatment of multiple myeloma.

The treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) has gone through several major advances over the last 5 years with the introduction of next generation proteasome inhibitors (PI; carfilzomib, ixazomib) and immunomodulatory derivatives (IMiD; pomalidomide), with these new agents having a substantial impact on patient outcome. However, despite these advances, MM remains a highly resistant disease given its propensity for clonal heterogeneity and its complex interaction with the surrounding bone marrow microenvironment. Almost all patients eventually relapse despite therapeutic responses to a PI, IMiD or both. With the regulatory approval of the monoclonal antibodies Daratumumab and Elotuzumab in 2015, impressive and durable responses are being observed, even in heavily pre-treated patients who have exhausted other therapeutic options, suggesting immunological approaches in this setting have real merit. This review will focus on newer monoclonal antibodies and chimeric-antigen receptor (CAR) T cell strategies currently under investigation and in various stages of clinical development.
Output Costs of Currency Crisis and Banking Crisis: Shocks, Policies and Cycles

This paper studies output declines during currency crises based on the theoretical currency crisis model, highlighting the role of shocks that trigger crises. Using panel data on 49 developing countries, we find that both productivity shocks in the real sector and shocks to the country’s risk premium in financial markets affect the output costs of currency crises, which are 4% of GDP on average and 8% for severe crises. Output costs of banking crises are 6–7% of GDP. During severe currency crises in Asian and Latin-American countries, both productivity shocks and exchange rate overvaluation were found to be important factors in explaining large output losses.
Role of RS/κDE in B Cell Receptor Editing

B lymphocytes that are autoreactive can undergo central tolerance by deletion or receptor editing. Editing allows the cells to alter receptor specificity and remain viable-and useful. It is unknown if a defect in receptor editing leads to problems with self tolerance, but it is assumed to play some role. Receptor editing stimulated by immune tolerance takes place in the bone marrow and perhaps in other tissues1,2. A major pathway of editing involves secondary rearrangements in the Ig kappa locus, which can displace primary VJ rearrangements by recombining upstream Vs with downstream Js3. In mouse there are only 4 functional Jk elements, Jk1, 2, 4, and 5 (Jk3 is a pseudogene), but even VJk5 rearrangements can be silenced by editing through rearrangements to the recombining sequence (RS). RS and its human homologue, the kappa deleting element (kde), are found ∼25kb downstream of the Ck exon4,5. RS can recombine to Vk elements or to a site in the Jk-Ck intron, leading to the functional inactivation of the k-locus 4−6. RS and kde deletions occur in the vast majority of B cells that go on to express lambda L-chain7−9 and also on the non-functional allele in a significant subset of kappa expressing cells10. We found that in 40–50% of normal mouse lambda+ B cells RS rearrangements had silenced previously functional VJk joins, suggesting that much RS recombination was induced by self tolerance8. Similar findings in human B cells11 suggest that RS/kde mediated editing is common. The RS element has been proposed to have one of three, non-mutually exclusive functions. First, as originally suggested by Selsing and colleagues, RS could play a role in promoting activation of lambda rearrangement, explaining the correlation between RS and lambda rearrangements4,5. Alternatively, RS rearrangements could play a role in mediating allelic exclusion through a stochastic process of kappa gene inactivation7−9. Finally, as we have proposed, RS rearrangements may mediate receptor editing, eliminating kappa genes that
Fungi and Algae

Most slime molds live in cool, shaded, moist places. as in decaying wood, dead leaves, or other damp organic matter. Taxonomists disagree as to whether the organization of slime molds is more plant-like or animal-like; they possess characteristics of both kingdoms. Zoologists consider them Protozoa because they begin life as individual amoeboid cells. Botanists classify them as plants (myxomyectes) because they reproduce by spores (a plant-like characteristic) and because these spores are reported to have cellulose walls.
Arguments for Competitive Order in the Laboratory: Smith, Hayek, and Ecological Rationality

Vernon Smith (2008) argues that his experimental work is a demonstration of Friedrich Hayek’s ‘ecological rationalism’. This assertion is difficult to square with Hayek’s apparent dismissal of the possibility of demonstrating ‘ecological rationality’ in a laboratory (documented in Smith 2008). The disagreement is rooted in two different meanings of the term ‘ecological rationality’: first, as a description of the contingent reasonableness of evolved norms and behaviors (ER1), and second, as an argument that reliance on evolutionary processes is ‘rational’ for policymakers (ER2). Smith’s laboratory methods can demonstrate in a partial but significant way ER1, but can only demonstrate ER2 if efficiency is accepted as a measure of desirability. Hayek is primarily skeptical of experimental demonstrations of ER2, because in his analysis preferences are emergent, not fixed, and efficiency is normatively problematic. Hayek implicitly affirms this point in the arguments he makes for markets, which do not rely on preferences or efficiency.
The effect of premolar extractions on the soft-tissue profile in adult African American females

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of four first premolar extractions on the soft tissue profile in African American patients. Pretreatment and posttreatment cephalograms of 28 adult female patients were assessed. The data were subjected to ANOVA, and correlation coefficients were performed between the significantly different dental and soft tissue variables. Variables that showed correlation at r value of greater than 0.6 were subjected to a stepwise multiple regression. The results of the study indicate that retraction of the lower lip correlates with retraction of both maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. A ratio of 1.2:1 [corrected] was obtained between mandibular incisor retraction and retraction of the lower lip. The relationship between the upper lip and retraction of maxillary incisors was not significant. A ratio of 1.75:1 [corrected] was attained between maxillary incisor retraction and upper lip change. The upper lip correlated most strongly with lower lip retraction. Mandibular incisor angulation was the only hard-tissue variable that could be used as a predictor in a regression model to explain lip response to orthodontic therapy. Changes in the maxillary complex were more difficult to predict because of the complex nature of the soft-tissue integument and the details of muscle tension and soft-tissue tone that were lost by conversion of a three-dimensional structure into a roentgenographic cephalogram. A significant profile change did occur following the extraction of four first premolars and subsequent orthodontic therapy.
Giant wind turbines dedicated at Medicine Bow

The design characteristics of the world's largest and most powerful wind turbines, located in Wyoming, are given. (AIP)
Under the Los Angeles Sun: The History and Design of Shelters Used to Protect the Mural América Tropical by David Alfaro Siqueiros

In 1932, David Alfaro Siqueiros painted his monumental public mural, America Tropical, measuring 24 × 6 m, on a south-facing exterior second-story wall of the Italian Hall in downtown Los Angeles. ...
The Impact of Competitive Markets on Recruiting: Lessons from Collegiate Athletics

Conference realignment in NCAA college athletics impacted traditional rivalries and affiliations as it took shape from 2010 to 2013. As schools traded conferences, their college football programs were left to compete against new foes, and in new markets for high school athletes. The impact of brand recognition, prestige, and new conference affiliation on recruiting are examined herein. The findings of the market competitive externalities are important for every labour market in which business opt to compete.
Rapid microbial interaction network inference in microfluidic droplets

ABSTRACT Microbial interactions are major drivers of microbial community dynamics and functions. However, microbial interactions are challenging to decipher due to limitations in parallel culturing of sub-communities across many environments and accurate absolute abundance quantification of constituent members of the consortium. To this end, we developed Microbial Interaction Network Inference in microdroplets (MINI-Drop), a high-throughput method to rapidly infer microbial interactions in microbial consortia in microfluidic droplets. Fluorescence microscopy coupled to automated computational droplet and cell detection was used to rapidly determine the absolute abundance of each strain in hundreds to thousands of droplets per experiment. We show that MINI-Drop can accurately infer pairwise as well as higher-order interactions using a microbial interaction toolbox of defined microbial interactions mediated by distinct molecular mechanisms. MINI-Drop was used to investigate how the molecular composition of the environment alters the interaction network of a three-member consortium. To provide insight into the variation in community states across droplets, we developed a probabilistic model of cell growth modified by microbial interactions. In sum, we demonstrate a robust and generalizable method to probe cellular interaction networks by random encapsulation of sub-communities into microfluidic droplets.
Introducing a symposium on Sexuality in Classical South Asian Buddhism

ABSTRACTThis article introduces a review symposium on Sexuality in Classical South Asian Buddhism. I situate this book in the newly emerging field of Buddhism and sexuality, and also provide a disc...
Remote Assessment of Functional Mobility and Strength in Older Cancer Survivors: Protocol for a Validity and Reliability Study.

Background Older cancer survivors, faced with both age- and treatment-related morbidity, are at increased and premature risk for physical function limitations. Physical performance is an important predictor of disability, quality of life, and premature mortality, and thus is considered an important target of interventions designed to prevent, delay, or attenuate the physical functional decline. Currently, low-cost, valid, and reliable methods to remotely assess physical performance tests that are self-administered by older adults in the home-setting do not exist, thus limiting the reach, scalability, and dissemination of interventions. Objective This paper will describe the rationale and design for a study to evaluate the accuracy, reliability, safety, and acceptability of videoconferencing and self-administered tests of functional mobility and strength by older cancer survivors in their own homes. Methods To enable remote assessment, participants receive a toolkit and instructions for setting up their test course and communicating with the investigator. Two standard gerontologic performance tests are being evaluated: the Timed Up and Go test and the 30-second chair stand test. Phase 1 of the study evaluates proof-of-concept that older cancer survivors (age ≥60 years) can follow the testing protocol and use a tablet PC to communicate with the study investigator. Phase 2 evaluates the criterion validity of videoconference compared to direct observation of the two physical performance tests. Phase 3 evaluates reliability by enrolling 5-10 participants who agree to repeat the remote assessment (without direct observation). Phase 4 enrolls 5-10 new study participants to complete the remote assessment test protocol. Feedback from participants in each phase is used to refine the test protocol and instructions. Results Enrollment began in December 2019. Ten participants completed the Phase 1 proof-of-concept. The study was paused in mid-March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study is expected to be completed by the end of 2020. Conclusions This validity and reliability study will provide important information on the acceptability and safety of using videoconferencing to remotely assess two tests of functional mobility and strength, self-administered by older adults in their homes. Videoconferencing has the potential to expand the reach, scalability, and dissemination of interventions to older cancer survivors, and potentially other older adults, especially in rural areas. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04339959; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04339959. International registered report identifier (irrid) DERR1-10.2196/20834.
Sex Differences in Early Programming by Maternal High Fat Diet Induced-Obesity and Fish Oil Supplementation in Mice.

Pre-pregnancy obesity is a contributing factor for impairments in offspring metabolic health. Interventional strategies during pregnancy are a potential approach to alleviate and/or prevent obesity and obesity related metabolic alterations in the offspring. Fish oil (FO), rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) exerts metabolic health benefits. However, the role of FO in early life remains still unknown. Hence, this study objective was to determine the effect of FO supplementation in mice from pre-pregnancy through lactation, and to study the post-natal metabolic health effects in gonadal fat and liver of offspring fed high fat (HF) diet with or without FO. Female C57BL6J mice aged 4–5 weeks were fed a HF (45% fat) diet supplemented with or without FO (30 g/kg of diet) and low fat (LF; 10% fat) pre-pregnancy through lactation. After weaning, offspring (male and female) from HF or FO dams either continued the same diet (HF-HF and FO-FO) or switched to the other diet (HF-FO and FO-HF) for 13 weeks, creating four groups of treatment, and LF-LF was used as a control group. Serum, gonadal fat and liver tissue were collected at termination for metabolic analyses. Offspring of both sexes fed HF with or without fish oil gained (p < 0.05) more weight post weaning, compared to LF-LF-fed mice. All the female offspring groups supplemented with FO had reduced body weight compared to the respective male groups. Further, FO-FO supplementation in both sexes (p < 0.05) improved glucose clearance and insulin sensitivity compared to HF-HF. All FO-FO fed mice had significantly reduced adipocyte size compared to HF-HF group in both male and females. Inflammation, measured by mRNA levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (Mcp1), was reduced (p < 0.05) with FO supplementation in both sexes in gonadal fat and in the liver. Markers of fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid synthase (Fasn) showed no sex specific differences in gonadal fat and liver of mice supplemented with HF. Female mice had lower liver triglycerides than male counterparts. Supplementation of FO in mice improved metabolic health of offspring by lowering markers of lipid synthesis and inflammation.
The Iowa Budget and Financial Control Committee—A Problem in Separation of Powers

The Iowa Budget and Financial Control Committee, created by the Iowa legislature and composed of members of both houses thereof, is vested with power to investigate all facets of state government and to control extensive areas of state spending. Since the activity of this committee permeates so many facets of government, it would seem that a legal analysis of the committee must necessarily be considered in light of article III, section 1, of the Iowa Constitution, which provides for the separation of powers of government. The specific problems raised by such a committee in light of this constitutional principle would seem to include the questions of whether or not there is an improper delegation of power to the committee; whether the conducting of investigations and administering emergency funds is proper; whether the committee should be allowed to exercise discretionary powers of approval; and whether weight should be accorded custom and usage in a constitutional issue. In order to develop and resolve these problems the doctrine of separation of powers and the Iowa Constitution must be understood. This article traces the legal and historical roots of the "separation" doctrine in order to add meaningful gloss to the raw words of the Iowa constitutional separation of powers provision and then, within this framework, the article examines the functions of the Budget and Financial Control Committee.
The Disability Studies in Education Annual Conference: Explorations of Working Within, and Against, Special Education

This article focuses on the Disability Studies in Education (DSE) conference as an example of expanding disability studies (DS). First, the origins, purpose, and history of the DSE conference are described as a valid alternative discipline to special education. Second, the following three questions are posed in relation to DSE scholars: (1) To what degree can we transgress within existing structures of teacher education and doctoral programs without being provided lip-service, coopted, or dismissed as ideological versus practical? (2) To what degree can we engage (and critique) the field of special education within its journals and conferences—and provide a greater plurality of perspectives within them? And, (3) how can we strategize to widely circulate ideas within DSE throughout education and its related fields? Presentations from the 2012 DSE conference are analyzed, described, and used as a collective response to help answer these questions. Fourth, DSE scholars share post-conference thoughts on the future of DSE. Finally, the deep debt of DSE to DS is acknowledged, along with speculation about possible ways in which DSE may help inform the growth of DS. Keywords: disability studies in education, critical special educators, teacher education , r esearch in education, ideology