cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigation of solder bridging failure for molded matrix array package

Solder bridging is a common issue when surface mounting a package to motherboard. Limited studies have been conducted to understand the interaction between mold compound properties and substrate design on package coplanarity and how they relate to bridging. A recent study showed a clear influence of mold compound properties on localized unit coplanarity within a strip. The paper will also discuss both the modeling study and materials characterization effort on the fixes to prevent bridging.
Digital storytelling: an emerging tool for student and teacher learning

Digital storytelling combines the art of telling stories with digital tools such as graphics, audio and video. This article reviews the literature documenting the evolution of using digital storytelling in education, but more importantly, five distinct genres emerge from this body of literature that further define digital storytelling and its value in education. The five genres identified are traditional stories, learning stories, project-based stories, social justice and cultural stories, and stories grounded in reflective practice. Individual characteristics of each genre are described and findings from research studies documenting the use of digital storytelling in each genre are summarized.
A Bayesian analysis of the link between adult disorganized attachment and dissociative symptoms

Abstract Research on disorganized attachment has indicated that for children, adolescents, and in early adulthood, dissociative symptoms tend to be associated with disorganized attachment. Additionally, empirical evidence has supported theoretical models suggesting that childhood maltreatment and concurrent abuse exacerbate the effects of disorganization, interacting to enhance dissociative effects. This literature is developmental in nature and does not make use of a self-report measure of disorganized attachment for adults, making it difficult to determine whether similar relationships exist in adulthood. We fill this gap, demonstrating to social and personality psychologists that a self-report measure of disorganization replicates the results for a community sample of adults. We employ a Bayesian approach to analyze our data.
Evolution of joint-level control for quadrupedal locomotion

We investigate a hierarchical approach to robot control inspired by joint-level control in animals. The method combines a high-level controller, consisting of an artificial neural network ANN, with joint-level controllers based on digital muscles. In the digital muscle model DMM, morphological and control aspects of joints evolve concurrently, emulating the musculoskeletal system of natural organisms. We introduce and compare different approaches for connecting outputs of the ANN to DMM-based joints. We also compare the performance of evolved animats with ANN-DMM controllers with those governed by only high-level ANN-only and low-level DMM-only controllers. These results show that DMM-based systems outperform their ANN-only counterparts while also exhibiting less complex ANNs in terms of the number of connections and neurons. The main contribution of this work is to explore the evolution of artificial systems where, as in natural organisms, some aspects of control are realized at the joint level.
“My Little English”: a Case Study of Decolonial Perspectives on Discourse in an After-School Program for Refugee Youth

Literacy "sponsorship" in refugee communities is not without its risks and limitations. For potential sponsors, risks include the commodification of refugee voices, while limits include inaccurate generalizations of those being sponsored. This essay draws from a case study of refugee student discourse to discuss how a more explicit decolonial approach to sponsorship can help sponsors rethink a giver-receiver paradigm. This approach would first deconstruct imperialist discourses of power and then replace them with new, alternatives to meaning-making. While contingent on local contexts, this study aims to set an agenda for continued debate within refugee community literacy support projects.
Rewind/Remind: A cognitive tool for people with associative memory deficits

In this paper, we present Rewind/Remind (RR), a tool designed to help people assess and improve their associative memory. Rewind/Remind also serves as a tool for therapists by providing cognitive training based on memory research on helpful encoding strategies. RR is a flexible web browser application that is composed of two different interfaces: the Patient Interface (PI), and the Therapist Interface (TI). The PI consists of two different games -- Game 1: "Find the Link" and Game 2: "Create the Link". For Game 1, users have to find the link that connects two objects, while for Game 2, users have to define an association between objects. The TI provides analytical reports, allows for off-line monitoring of user performance, and gives the option to modify the sequence of tasks. These novel functionalities and approaches introduce promising new directions for cognitive remediation.
Cultural Competency and Cultural Humility in Simulation-Based Education: An Integrative Review

Abstract Background Cultural humility is endorsed; yet, the state of the science of cultural humility in simulation-based education is unknown. The aim of this integrative review is to provide what is known about cultural competence and cultural humility in simulation-based education to base future efforts in education, research, and policy. Methods Sixteen studies were reviewed and appraised in this integrative review. Results Four themes of learning outcomes from simulation emerged from the studies: (a) cultural sensitivity and cultural competence, (b) insight and understanding, (c) communication, and (d) confidence and comfort. There were no studies that mentioned cultural humility. Conclusions Cultural humility in simulation-based education is lacking, signifying a need for educational reform and research.
Regulations and Accreditation of Processing Laboratories

Cellular therapy products are highly regulated in the United States both at the state and federal levels. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) are the main governing bodies that provide federal oversight. State health departments may also have local regulations for processing laboratories. Individuals and institutions involved in cellular therapy processing must be familiar with the requirements of these agencies. Cellular therapy processing laboratories may also be accredited by organizations such as the Foundation for the Accreditation of Cellular Therapy (FACT), Joint Accreditation Committee-ISCT and EBMT (JACIE), or American Association of Blood Banks (AABB). While regulations have the force of law, accreditation standards are not legally binding. Accreditation allows an organization or institution to be officially recognized as being highly qualified to perform cellular therapy activities and to have a high quality of operations. The federal government has granted deemed status to certain accreditation organizations that have standards and a survey process that meets or exceeds Medicare and Medicaid requirements. Laboratories that achieve accreditation through an organization’s “deemed status” survey are determined to meet or exceed federal requirements. In this chapter we discuss the regulations and accreditation steps of cellular processing laboratories by various organizations.
The California Pesticide Regulatory Program

The preceding report on the “Use of Pesticides” prepared by the President’s Science Advisory Committee provides an excellent basis for evaluation of a state’s pesticide regulatory program. The report emphasizes the great gains that have been made in the production of food, feed, and fiber through proper use of pesticides. California leads the nation by a wide margin in the production of fruits and vegetables. Its agriculture is the most diversified in the world, with no one crop dominating the State’s farm economy. More than 140 crops are produced in commercial volume in California. When the various horticultural specialty crops are included, the total exceeds 200.
Wholistic reference, truth-values, universes of discourse, and formal ontology: tréplica to Oswaldo Chateaubriand

In its strongest unqualified form, the principle of wholistic reference is that in any given discourse, each proposition refers to the whole universe of that discourse, regardless of how limited the referents of its non-logical or content terms. According to this principle every proposition of number theory, even an equation such as “5 + 7 = 12”, refers not only to the individual numbers that it happens to mention but to the whole universe of numbers. This principle, its history, and its relevance to some of Oswaldo Chateaubriand’s work are discussed in my 2004 paper “The Principle of Wholistic Reference” in Essays on Chateaubriand’s “Logical Forms”. In Chateaubriand’s replica (reply), which is printed with my paper, he raised several important additional issues including the three I focus on in this treplica (reply to his reply): truthvalues, universes of discourse, and formal ontology. This paper is selfcontained: it is not necessary to have read the above-mentioned works.
Scheduling lane conversions for bus use on city-wide scales and in time-varying congested traffic

Abstract The paper explores what can occur when select street lanes throughout a city are periodically reserved for buses. Simulations of an idealized city were performed to that end. The city’s time-varying travel demand was studied parametrically. In all cases, queues formed throughout the city during a rush, and dissipated during the off-peak period that followed. Bus lanes were activated all at once across the city, and were eventually deactivated in like fashion. Activation and deactivation schedules varied parametrically as well. Schedules that roughly balanced the trip-time savings to bus riders against the added delays to car travelers were thus identified. Findings reveal why activating conversions near the start of a rush can degrade travel, both by car and by bus. Balance was struck by instead activating lane conversions nearer the end of the rush, when vehicle accumulation in the city was at or near its maximum. Most of the time savings to bus riders accrued after the conversions had been left in place for only 30 min. Leaving them for longer durations often brought modest additional savings to bus travelers. Yet, the added delays to cars often grew large as a result. These findings held even when buses garnered high ridership shares. This was the case when lane conversions gradually induced new bus trips among residents who formerly did not travel. It was also true when high ridership was a pre-existing feature of the city. Activating conversions a bit earlier in a rush was found to make sense only if commuters shifted from cars to buses in very large numbers. Findings also unveiled how to fine-tune activation and deactivation schedules to suit a city’s congestion level. Guidelines for scheduling conversions in real settings are furnished. So is discussion on how these schedules might be adapted to daily variations in city-wide traffic states. Roles for technology are discussed as well.
Counseling Parents and Adolescents About Marijuana.

Physicians are increasingly likely to be asked by adolescents or their parents whether recreational marijuana use is safe. Although many adults view marijuana as benign, there are major concerns about its use in adolescents because all illicit drug use, including marijuana, may have negative consequences.
Danger and safety signals independently influence persistent pathological avoidance in anxiety-vulnerable Wistar Kyoto rats: A role for impaired configural learning in anxiety vulnerability.

Abstract Pathological avoidance behavior in anxiety and anxiety-related disorders has a large role in the persistence and severity of disease. Individuals are cued to avoid potential aversive events by learned danger and safety signals in the environment. Individuals with anxiety demonstrate a bias to utilize danger signals more than safety signals, in contrast to those without these disorders. Therefore, the present study investigated if danger and safety signals differentially influenced persistent avoidance in an animal model of anxiety-vulnerability, the Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat, relative to the outbred Sprague Dawley (SD) rat. Persistent avoidance was assessed using extinction protocols. When danger or safety signals were present during extinction, WKY rats were slower to extinguish the avoidance response compared to SD rats. In contrast, when danger and safety signals were both present during extinction, WKY and SD rats extinguished at a similar rate. Differences in contextual and configural learning were explored as potential causes of the strain differences in the use of safety and danger signals in avoidance extinction. Strains did not differ in avoidance extinction when context was manipulated. However, WKY rats were impaired in configural learning using a negative patterning task. The results indicate that danger and safety signals may impair avoidance extinction in anxiety-vulnerable individuals due to impaired configural learning. These findings have important implications for understanding the etiology of anxiety disorders and may improve their diagnosis and treatment.
Behavioral Medicine’s Roots in Behaviorism: Concepts and Applications

Behaviorism has a key role in the history of behavioral medicine, both through the development of models of biological and behavioral interaction, such as in the foundational work of Neil Miller, and through applied science, such as in the development of behavior therapy which led to much of the work of behavioral medicine in risk reduction and disease management. Focusing on operant psychology, the chapter counters views of behaviorism as looking only at “stimuli and responses” by articulating relationships among complex aspects of past experience and behaviors, emphasizing models of choice and behavioral economics. It extends those models to diverse behavioral medicine challenges, including cigarette smoking and “self-control.” It then describes the development of teleological behaviorism that emphasizes patterns of behavior and the patterns of consequences that influence them. It explores how this teleological perspective may provide new insights regarding obesity and weight loss. It closes with consideration of broad convergence between behavioral and ecological approaches with their shared emphases on contexts and how an ecological behaviorism might guide future work in behavioral medicine and public health.
Monolithic CMOS-Based Neurotransmitter Detector for l024-ch Simultaneous Recordings

Neuroblastoma cells are regularly used to study Parkinson's disease, as they are suitable cell models. Specifically, the release of dopamine from neurssoblastoma cells is studied, as Parkinson's disease lowers the amount of dopamine released within the sustantia nigra, a structure within the midbrain that is important for controlling movement. To further the ability to study dopamine release from neuroblastoma cells, we developed a monolithic CMOS sensor array containing 1024 on-chip electrodes. Each electrode is 15 μm × 15 μm and is paired with a dedicated transimpedance amplifier capable of measuring sub-pA current. The channels throughout the array have both low-noise performance and spatiotemporal resolution enabling the study of dopamine release from a single vesicle. The presented device is used to record dopamine release from the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line to demonstrate its efficacy. The device's characteristics enable the study of the detailed molecular dynamics that occur during dopamine secretion.
Estimating caloric intake in bedridden hospital patients with audio and neck-worn sensors

We present an approach for estimating calorie intake given a limited number of foods provided to patients in an in-bed setting. Data collected from a proximity sensor, inertial measurement unit, ambient light, and audio sensor placed around the neck are used to classify food-type consumed by second using a random forest classifier. A multiple linear regression model is then developed for each food-type to map second-level features to calories per second. We conducted a user study in a patient simulated lab setting, where 10 participants were asked to eat while sitting on a patient bed. A user-independent analysis demonstrated food-type detection at 97.2% F1-Score, and an average Absolute Error of 3.0 kCal per food-type. Our system shows promise in distinguishing food items and predicting calorie intake in a bedridden participant setting given a limited set of food items.
Technical Tips: Surviving a Joint Commission Visit in the Neurodiagnostic Department.

An accreditation site visit from The Joint Commission (TJC) can strike fear in the heart of staff, but knowing what surveyors expect can go a long way toward reducing anxiety. Embedding TJC standar...
Leveraging Wikidata to Enhance Authority Records in the EHRI Portal

AbstractThis paper will discuss how the European Holocaust Research Infrastructure (EHRI) leveraged Wikidata to expand and enhance its authority records for Holocaust-era camps and ghettos. As an i...
Hyperbolic Quasi Linear Partial Differential Equations

We call a differential equation quasi linear if the partial derivatives of the dependent variables are multiplied by functions of the dependent variables.
Novel Application of Geometric Morphometrics to Cardiac Surgical Simulation

There may exist intersurgeon and intrasurgeon variability in the shape and size of patches developed during intracardiac rerouting procedures, especially among junior surgeons. In this report geometric morphometrics, approaches of shape analysis developed in biology, is applied to analyze patch shapes created by surgeons through surgical simulation for an intraatrial rerouting procedure. Geometric morphometrics can be a useful toll in the armamentarium of pediatric cardiac surgery in which shape matters.
Addressing Comorbidities in Heart Failure: Hypertension, Atrial Fibrillation, and Diabetes

Heart failure (HF) is a growing global epidemic and an increasingly cumbersome burden on health care systems worldwide. As such, optimal management of existing comorbidities in the setting of HF is particularly important to prevent disease progression, reduce HF hospitalizations, and improve quality of life. In this review, the authors address 3 key comorbidities commonly associated with HF: hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and diabetes mellitus. They comprehensively describe the epidemiology, management, and emerging therapies in these 3 disease states as they relate to the overall HF syndrome.
The dimension of the negative cycle vectors of a signed graph

A signed graph is a graph Γ with edges labeled “+” and “−”. The sign of a cycle is the product of its edge signs. Let SpecC(Γ) denote the list of lengths of cycles in Γ. We equip each signed graph with a vector whose entries are the numbers of negative k -cycles for k ∈ SpecC(Γ). These vectors generate a subspace of ℝ |SpecC(Γ)| . Using matchings with a strong permutability property, we provide lower bounds on the dimension of this space; in particular, we show for complete graphs, complete bipartite graphs, and a few other graphs that this space is all of ℝ |SpecC(Γ)| .
Adversarial Attacks and Defenses on Graphs: A Review, A Tool and Empirical Studies

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved significant performance in various tasks. However, recent studies have shown that DNNs can be easily fooled by small perturbation on the input, called adversarial attacks. As the extensions of DNNs to graphs, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been demonstrated to inherit this vulnerability. Adversary can mislead GNNs to give wrong predictions by modifying the graph structure such as manipulating a few edges. This vulnerability has arisen tremendous concerns for adapting GNNs in safety-critical applications and has attracted increasing research attention in recent years. Thus, it is necessary and timely to provide a comprehensive overview of existing graph adversarial attacks and the countermeasures. In this survey, we categorize existing attacks and defenses, and review the corresponding state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, we have developed a repository with representative algorithms (this https URL). The repository enables us to conduct empirical studies to deepen our understandings on attacks and defenses on graphs.
Research Convergence: Demonstrating Causal Relationships between School Libraries and Student Learning Internationally

A subset of international scholarship from the full Causality: School Libraries and Student Success corpus comprising empirical studies conducted in non-American locations (n=47) are examined for: geographic distribution, publication outlets, citations, data collection and analysis methods, and research strands. The majority of papers used one experimental design or two or more methods for quasi-experimental design approach for data collection, and used at least one or more often two or more data analysis methods. Six categories describe the research: learning environment, student attributes, teacher and school leadership characteristics, instructional interventions, academic skill development, and external factors for achievement.
Alimentos Ciencia e Ingeniería 18-2

La formacion de posgrado en la Facultad de Ciencia e Ingenieria en Alimentos nace como una respuesta de la educacion superior a los sectores productivos, sociales y gubernamentales con el fin de obtener un crecimiento sostenido, con sistemas de calidad y excelencia que permitan una importante oferta Institucional. La Universidad Tecnica de Ambato en respuesta a las demandas cientifico tecnologicas de la sociedad ecuatoriana imparte formacion a cuarto nivel formando lideres con pensamiento critico reflexivo, creativo y con conciencia social que contribuyan al desarrollo del pais y un mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de la poblacion ecuatoriana. La Facultad de Ciencia e Ingenieria en Alimentos consecuente con el compromiso universitario, en la presente administracion ha implementado varios programas de cuarto nivel que han tenido una aceptacion importante dentro de los profesionales del centro del pais. Se inicia con el Diplomado Superior en Auditoria y Aseguramiento de la Calidad para el Sector Alimenticio, el programa de se enmarco dentro del contexto de las empresas que industrializan alimentos y otras que trabajan con un enfoque de gestion y organizacion hacia el mejoramiento de la calidad. Se ha dado enfaeis a las Buenas Practicas de Manufactura, Analisis de Riesgos y Puntos Criticos de Control, Implementacion y Auditoria de Normas ISO, con el fin de que con su aplicacion permita un correcto diseno y control de los procesos productivos. Posteriormente se dio inicio al Programa de Posgrado denominado Maestria en Produccion Mas Limpia, con la participacion de profesionales de varias formaciones de pregrado, impartiendo conocimientos necesarios para evaluar los procesos productivos reduciendo la contaminacion e implementando Produccion Mas Limpia con importante componente de proteccion ambiental. Se posibilita la viabilidad y factibilidad de instalacion de nuevas empresas mediante la elaboracion y evaluacion de proyectos que permitan la adecuada utilizacion de recursos materiales y humanos en procura del desarrollo del pais.
Swimming in circles can lead to exotic hyperuniform states of active living matter.

The study of hyperuniform states of matter is an emerging multidisciplinary field, influencing and linking developments across the physical sciences, mathematics, and biology (1, 2). A hyperuniform many-particle system in d-dimensional Euclidean space is characterized by an anomalous suppression of large-scale density fluctuations relative to those in typical disordered systems, such as liquids and amorphous solids. As such, the hyperuniformity concept generalizes the traditional notion of long-range order to include not only all perfect crystals and quasicrystals but also exotic disordered states of matter. Disordered hyperuniform states have attracted great attention across many fields over the last two decades because they can have the character of crystals on large length scales but are isotropic like liquids (2). This hybrid crystal–liquid attribute endows them with unique or nearly optimal, direction-independent physical properties and robustness against defects (3⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓–14). Adding to this flurry of research activity is the finding by Huang et al. (15) that circularly swimming marine algae can robustly self-organize into disordered hyperuniform states through long-range hydrodynamic interactions at air–liquid interfaces. How is hyperuniformity quantified? Such systems have a structure factor S ( k ) , which can be measured from scattering experiments, that tends to zero as the wavenumber | k | tends to zero (1), where k is the wavevector. Another way to ascertain hyperuniformity is to randomly place many large spherical sampling windows of radius R in the system and count the number of particles within the window. The number of particles registered within the window will fluctuate, enabling one to find the corresponding local number variance σ 2 ( R ) , as shown in Fig. 1. Garden-variety disordered systems, such as typical gases and liquids, are characterized by a variance σ 2 ( R ) … [↵][1]1Email: torquato{at}princeton.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Long Term Study of Motivational and Cognitive Effects of Low-intensity Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation in the Dorsal Striatum of Nonhuman Primates

Noninvasive brain stimulation using focused ultrasound (FUS) has many potential applications as a research and clinical tool, including incorporation into neural prosthetics for cognitive rehabilitation. To develop this technology, it is necessary to evaluate the safety and efficacy of FUS neuromodulation for specific brain targets and cognitive functions. It is also important to test whether repeated long-term application of FUS to deep brain targets improves or degrades behavioral and cognitive function. To this end, we investigated the effects of FUS in the dorsal striatum of nonhuman primates (NHP) performing a visual-motor decision-making task for small or large rewards. Over the course of 2 years, we performed 129 and 147 FUS applications, respectively, in two NHP. FUS (0.5 MHz @ 0.2 - 0.8 MPa) was applied to the putamen and caudate in both hemispheres to evaluate the effects on movement accuracy, motivation, decision accuracy, and response time. Sonicating the caudate or the putamen unilaterally resulted in modest but statistically significant improvements in motivation and decision accuracy, but at the cost of slower reaction times. The effects were dose (i.e., FUS pressure) and reward dependent. There was no effect on reaching accuracy, nor was there long-term behavioral impairment or neurological trauma evident on T1-weighted, T2-weighted, or susceptibility-weighted MRI scans. Sonication also resulted in significant changes in resting state functional connectivity between the caudate and multiple cortical regions. The results indicate that applying FUS to the dorsal striatum can positively impact the motivational and cognitive aspects of decision making. The capability of FUS to improve motivation and cognition in NHPs points to its therapeutic potential in treating a wide variety of human neural diseases, and warrants further development as a novel technique for non-invasive deep brain stimulation.
Economic and Ethical Motivations for Forest Restoration and Incentive Payments

Private forest owners are both the suppliers and consumers of forest ecosystem services which poses a unique challenge to using incentive-based strategies to encourage forest restoration. We used f...
Comparison of Near-Surface Wind Speed Estimation Techniques Using Different Damage Indicators from a Damage Survey of Naplate, IL EF-3 Tornado

AbstractEstimation of tornado wind speed can be extremely difficult, especially near the ground where tornado damage occurs. Because of limitations of in situ measurements, ground-based damage surv...
Applying Newton's Apple to Elementary Physical Education

(2008). Applying Newton's Apple to Elementary Physical Education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 79, No. 8, pp. 43-51.
A History of the Soviet Union from the Beginning to the End

1. Introduction 2. The Revolution, 1917-21 3. New economic policies, 1921-9 4. The first Five-Year Plan 5. High Stalinism 6. A great and patriotic war 7. The nadir: 1945-53 8. The age of Khrushchev 9. Real, existing socialism 10. Failed reforms 11. Leap into the unknown 12. Afterthoughts Chronology.
Understanding Fragmentation of Prostate Cancer Survivorship Care: Implications for Cost and Quality

BACKGROUND: Cancer survivors are particularly prone to the effects of a fragmented health care delivery system. The implications of fragmented cancer care across providers likely include greater spending and worse quality of care. For this reason, the authors measured relations between increasing fragmentation of cancer care, expenditures, and quality of care among prostate cancer survivors. METHODS: A total of 67,736 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1992 and 2005 were identified using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare data. Using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and a measure of the average number of prostate cancer providers over time, patients were sorted into 3 fragmentation groups (low, intermediate, and high). The authors then examined annual per capita survivorship expenditures and a measure of quality (ie, repetitive prostate-specific antigen [PSA] testing within 30 days) according to their fragmentation exposure using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: Patients with highly fragmented cancer care tended to be younger, white, and of higher socioeconomic status (all P < .001). Prostate cancer survivorship interventions were most common among patients with the highest fragmentation of care across providers (P < .001). After adjustment for clinical characteristics and prostate cancer survivorship interventions, higher degrees of fragmentation continued to be associated with repetitive PSA testing (13.6% for high vs 7.0% for low fragmentation; P < .001) and greater spending, particularly among patients not treated with androgen deprivation therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Fragmented prostate cancer survivorship care is expensive and associated with potentially unnecessary services. Efforts to improve care coordination via current policy initiatives, electronic medical records, and the implementation of cancer survivorship tools may help to decrease fragmentation of care and mitigate downstream consequences for prostate cancer survivors. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
The Heparan Sulfate–Fibroblast Growth Factor Family: Diversity of Structure and Function

The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor complex is a ubiquitous regulator of development and adult tissue homeostasis that bridges the peri-cellular matrix and the intracellular environment. Diverse members of the FGF polypeptide family, the FGF receptor tyrosine kinase (FGFRTK) family and the FGF receptor heparan sulfate proteoglycan (FGFRHS) family combine to result in active and specific FGFR signal transduction complexes. Regulated alternate splicing and combination of variant subdomains give rise to diversity of FGFRTK monomers. Divalent cations cooperate with the FGFRHS to conformationally restrict FGFRTK trans -phosphorylation, which causes depression of kinase activity and facilitates appropriate activation of the FGFR complex by FGF. Diffưsional and conformational molecular models of the oligomeric FGFR complex are presented to explain how different point mutations in the FGFRTK commonly cause craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities of graded severity by graded increases in FGF-independent activity of total FGFR complexes. The role of the FGF family in liver growth and function and in prostate tumor progression is discussed. © 1998 Academic Press
Evolution of urological imaging

The evolution of urological imaging has had a major impact on the diagnosis and treatment of urological diseases since the discovery of the X-ray by Roentgen in 1895. Early developments included plain films of the abdomen, retrograde urographic techniques, development of contrast media, excretory urography, renal mass puncture, renal angiography, cystography and nuclear medicine procedures. These procedures led to the maturation of the specialties of diagnostic radiology and urology, and the development of the subspecialties of pediatric urology and urological radiology during the first seven decades of the 20th century. Subsequently, many imaging advances have occurred leading to changes in diagnosis and management of urological patients. Ultrasound and cross-sectional imaging technologies (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) are increasingly applied in urological evaluation, treatment and surveillance. Current developments include dual energy computed tomography, positron emission tomography computed tomography, renal donor and renal transplant imaging, prostate magnetic resonance imaging, and microbubble contrast enhanced ultrasound. Imaging advances will continue. It is the responsibility of all physicians to assess the advantages of new developments while weighing those advantages against the additional radiation exposure and the costs associated with new procedures.
Perceived value of information sharing in online environments: User engagement and social reputation

Consumer reviews have received much attention both in academia and industry, since it has been found that they have significant effects on people's decision-making behaviors relating to online shopping or choosing services. The readers/visitors on various online communities where such reviews are posted evaluate the helpfulness of a review based on the extent to which the review is helpful in their information seeking and decision-making tasks. However, it is often not clear what makes a review useful to a reader. Several previous works have analyzed textual features relating to reviews to determine their usefulness, but given that most of these reviews are generated and shared through community-based or social media sites, the features that incorporate social features and social engagement could have an important role to play in making a review useful. The work described in this paper uses data available from Yelp, a social review and recommendation site, to build models that examine the impact of various features, including basic, reviewer's engagement, social reputation, and business type, based on the number of votes for helpfulness a review receives. Our findings suggest that reviewer's social contextual information (engagement and reputation) is influential in affecting perceived helpfulness of a review and improves the accuracy of prediction model. The findings also suggest that business type (restaurants vs. transportations) affects the ways in which consumers consider a review.
Chapter XIII Base Composition of Nucleic Acids

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses base composition of nucleic acids. As an experimental or typical example, a selected spectral method is described for determination of the base composition of DNA from Bacillus subtilis . The approach to determine base composition comprises several steps (1) first extract DNA or RNA from the cells. (2) Then, determine base composition of intact DNA by physical methods where applicable, or obtain a detailed chemical analysis of RNA or DNA by hydrolyzing the intact nucleic acids and either analyzing the mixture of hydrolysis products or separating the hydrolysis products by chromatography or electrophoresis. (3) Finally, quantitate the concentrations of the isolated components spectrometrically. The removal of nucleic acids from cellular systems is a prerequisite for analysis of base composition. Several methods are available for extracting, isolating or purifying nucleic acids to varying degrees of usefulness.
A Trade like Any Other: Female Singers and Dancers in Egypt

Acknowledgments Note on Transcription One. Introduction Two. Female Entertainment in Nineteenth-Century Egypt Three. Female Entertainment in The Twentieth Century Four. Life Stories of Female Entertainers Five. Marginality Six. Honor and Shame Seven. Gender Eight. Female Entertainers: Feminine and Masculine Nine. Conclusions Appendix: Methodological Notes Notes Glossary Bibliography Index
Distributed Multivariate Regression Using Wavelet-Based Collective Data Mining

This paper presents a method for distributed multivariate regression using wavelet-based collective data mining (CDM). The method seamlessly blends machine learning and the theory of communication with the statistical methods employed in parametric multivariate regression to provide an effective data mining technique for use in a distributed data and computation environment. The technique is applied to two benchmark data sets, producing results that are consistent with those obtained by applying standard parametric regression techniques to centralized data sets. Evaluation of the method in terms of mode accuracy as a function of appropriateness of the selected wavelet function, relative number of nonlinear cross-terms, and sample size demonstrates that accurate parametric multivariate regression models can be generated from distributed, heterogeneous, data sets with minimal data communication overhead compared to that required to aggregate a distributed data set. Application of this method to linear discriminant analysis, which is related to parametric multivariate regression, produced classification results on the Iris data set that are comparable to those obtained with centralized data analysis.
Spatial structure of subsurface temperature variability in the California Current, 1950–1993

[1] State-space models are used to examine long-term spatial patterns in a set of temperature time series representing the meridional and offshore extent of the California Current System (CCS). We use global one-degree summaries from the World Ocean Database at 11 locations and 10 standard depths in the upper 200 m for the period 1950–1993. Four common trends account for most of the total variance and the important time-dependent features of the temperature series. These trends also reveal that different geographical regions and depth strata within the CCS have clearly distinct temporal patterns of interannual to decadal thermal variability: the first common trend reveals a series-long warming tendency at all locations, with the greatest changes occurring in the upper 50 m (75 m) for the coastal (offshore) stations; the second common trend delineates a cross-shore separation, with the coastal locations having greater variance and a stronger impact from most El Nino events and decadal-scale warming and cooling tendencies; the third common trend, with signals strongest in the thermocline, provides a measure of the northern extent of influence of El Nino events and reveals greater interannual variance south of 38°N; the fourth common trend separates the series by depth, revealing significant long-term trends in thermal stratification. These spatially-variant thermal fluctuations identify three characteristic patterns of El Nino influence in the CCS, reflecting both the meridional extent and depth structure of their signals. La Nina signals are less spatially variable in the CCS. We also describe the spatially heterogeneous anomaly structure associated with large-scale decadal climate shifts, such as occurred around 1976. It is shown that this event was a coastal- and surface-intensified acceleration of a warming trend that had begun several years earlier. We briefly discuss the biological consequences of the spatially and temporally varying thermal structure of the CCS revealed by this analysis.
Pituitary response to lhrh stimulation in women on oral contraceptives: A followup dose response study

Abstract Gonadotropic response to bolus intravenous injection of LHRH was measured in 36 women. Thirty of them were taking five different oral contraceptive preparations with six women in each category, and the remaining six served as controls. 150 ug LHRH was given during cycle days 20–25. Serum samples were obtained prior to the bolus injection and at 20 minute intervals for two hours. Five different oral contraceptive agents were selected to compare different progestins with same type and dose of estrogen,and different type or dose of estrogen with same type and dose of progestins. Significant suppression of LH response to LHRH stimulation was observed in the agents containing 50 mcg of ethinyl estradiol or mestranol. No such suppression was noted in the product containing only 20 mcg of ethinyl estradiol. In comparing the different type of estrogenic or progestational components, no statistically significant differences in LH response were demonstrated. This finding suggests that it is not the individual component alone, but the combined action of estrogenic and progestational components which determines the potency of an oral contraceptive agent.
Cefepime Neurotoxicity in an Adolescent Cystic Fibrosis Patient with Aminoglycoside-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

Objective:To describe a case of cefepime neurotoxicity in an adolescent with cystic fibrosis and aminoglycoside-associated acute kidney injury (AKI).Case Summary:A 15-year-old, 46-kg male with cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic sinusitis was admitted to the hospital for CF exacerbation. The patient was subsequently discharged to complete home antibiotic therapy with intravenous gentamicin and cefepime. Thirteen days after discharge, while still receiving intravenous antibiotics, the patient presented to an outside hospital complaining of vomiting, fatigue, decreased appetite, and decreased urine output. The patient was diagnosed with AKI and was transferred to our institution, where he displayed signs and symptoms consistent with encephalopathy. Encephalopathy was thought to be consistent with cefepime-associated neurotoxicity. After 2 hemodialysis sessions, the encephalopathy resolved. Over the course of admission, the patient's renal function improved.Discussion:This patient experienced neurotoxicity thou...
Hoe Creek No. 2: Underground Gasification Experiment With Air And Oxygen/Steam Injection Periods

This paper presents results from the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory Hoe Creek No. 2 underground coal-gasification experiment. The experiment used an injection well and a production well 18.7 m apart and alternating periods of air and oxygen/steam injection. Both low- and medium-heating-value gas was produced. Fourteen days of reverse combustion linked the injection and production wells and was followed by 58 days of forward-combustion gasification. The first five days of gasification produced good-quality gas, with the higher heating value averaging 125 kJ/mol (140 Btu/scf). After this period, the burn was along the top of the coal seam, which sharply lowered the gas quality. The high burn probably resulted from the injection-well casing being broken or burned off at the top of the coal seam. Switching injection to the bottom of the seam resulted in good-quality gas until the end of the experiment. Forward gasification consumed 1310 m/sup 3/ (1952 tons) of coal. Air injection produced gas that averaged 94 kJ/mol (105 Btu/scf), and a two-day oxygen/steam burn produced gas of medium heating value: 225 to 270 kJ/mol (250 to 300 Btu/scf), with no operational or safety problems. The same geometry that produced poor-quality gas with air produced good-quality gas with oxygen/steam.
"We Can't Build Our Dreams On Suspicious Minds": Neoliberalism, Education Policy, and the Feelings Left Over

Last fall, the author took his Politics and Education class to see Waiting For “Superman.” This was a movie we had been preparing to see all semester. The class focused on reading contemporary educ...
Corrosion of Silicate Glasses: An Overview

The corrosion of silicate glasses is described in terms of four stages of surface attack which result in six types of surface conditions depending upon the glass composition and various environmental and physical factors. Type I and II surfaces correspond to durable glasses which have a very high surface SiO2 content whereas Type IV and V surfaces are unstable. Type IIIA surfaces include bioactive glasses which chemically bond to bone and Type IIIB surfaces are characteristic of the alkali borosilicate nuclear waste glasses which form multiple layers of precipitated surface films.
Using the Prevent-Teach-Reinforce Model with Families of Young Children with ASD

This study was conducted to examine the feasibility and potential efficacy of implementing an adapted, family-centered version of the school-based prevent-teach-reinforce (PTR) model. The research included two families who implemented the PTR process for their children in collaboration with the researchers. The adapted PTR was tested using a multiple baseline design across routines to examine changes in child behavior across experimental conditions. Results indicated that the adapted PTR intervention was associated with reduction in child problem behavior and increases in alternative behavior in both target and non-target routines. The results also indicated that the parents were able to implement the behavior intervention plan with fidelity and successfully use the PTR process for a novel routine. The PTR intervention also had high social validity ratings; both self- and novel-rated validity indicated that the PTR intervention was acceptable to both families and the community at large. The data are discussed in terms of the expanding evidence related to the PTR model and the extension to a family context.
THEORIES OF CAUSATION OF GRAVES' DISEASE: A Historical Perspective

There have been many theories regarding the origin or etiology of the peculiar disorder Robert James Graves first described in 1834. This article is a chronological discussion of the main ideas and the eras in which they were prominent, including the cardiac, neural, thyroid, pituitary, and modern eras.
Mental health and sexual self-concept discrepancies in a sample of young Black women.

This study addresses the mental health consequences of sexual self-concept discrepancies in a sample of Black women (N = 106) age 18 to 25. Participants completed a survey that contained demographi...
Effect of an Opiate Antagonist on Movement Disorders

• Animal experiments suggest that opiate peptides might play a role in extrapyramidal function. This hypothesis was tested by administering the opiate antagonist, naltrexone, in doses sufficient to antagonize exogenous opiates, to patients with parkinsonism and Huntington's disease. No improvement in the clinical features of either disorder was noted.