cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Black tea constituents, theaflavins, inhibit 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice.

The present study investigated the inhibitory activity against lung tumorigenesis by a group of characteristic black tea polyphenols, theaflavins. In a short-term study, female A/J mice were treated with a single dose of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK; 103 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) on day 0, and 0.1 and 0.3% theaflavins were administered as the sole source of drinking fluid starting 24 h after NNK treatment. The proliferation index of the lung tissues was measured by the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemically. The highest NNK-induced proliferation rate of bronchiolar cells, observed on day 5, was significantly decreased by 0.3% theaflavins (proliferation index, 1.51 +/- 0.08 versus 2.35 +/- 0.16). In a long-term lung tumorigenesis study, pulmonary adenomas were observed in 100% (30/30) of the mice at week 16 after NNK treatment. Administration of theaflavins (0.1%) as the sole source of drinking fluid, starting 2 days after the NNK treatment until the termination of the experiment, significantly reduced the tumor multiplicity and volume by 23% (8.5 +/- 0.6 versus 6.5 +/- 0.6 tumors/mouse) and 34% (0.08 versus 0.05 mm3 per tumor), respectively. The proliferation index in lung adenomas was also significantly inhibited by theaflavins. The present work demonstrates the inhibitory action of theaflavins against NNK-induced pulmonary hyperproliferation and tumorigenesis.
The interactive effects of organizational politics and exchange ideology on manager ratings of retention

Abstract This study examined the moderating effect of exchange ideology on the relation between perceptions of organizational politics and manager-rated retention. Data collected from 178 employees of a distribution services organization indicated that employees’ perceptions of organizational politics related negatively related to manager assessments of retention. However, the variables were only related among employees with a moderate to strong exchange ideology. These individuals were more sensitive to a political environment than individuals with a weak exchange ideology. Implications for employees seeking to actively manage their careers are discussed.
Best Practices in School-Based Mentoring Programs for Adolescents

Mentoring is a promising approach to promote healthy development and prevent poor youth outcomes; however, bad mentoring experiences have yielded negative results. Thus, it is critical that youth service providers take heed of the current research and resources for establishing an effective youth mentoring program. Given the increased interest in school-based mentoring programs, presented herein are best practices in developing, implementing, and evaluating a school-based mentoring program for adolescents. Program development strategies are provided around laying the groundwork, establishing partnerships, and coordinating the program. The elements of effective practice for mentoring (MENTOR, 2009) are summarized and additional implementation considerations are presented. Lastly, the realities of program evaluation are discussed in juxtaposition to program evaluation standards.
FTY720 markedly increases alloengraftment but does not eliminate host anti-donor T cells that cause graft rejection on its withdrawal.

The immunomodulator FTY720 (FTY) is beneficial in models of graft-versus-host disease, solid organ transplantation, and autoimmunity and has been approved for use in patients with multiple sclerosis. FTY modifies the homing and migration of many cell types. We report that FTY has profound positive and negative effects on allogeneic bone marrow (BM) engraftment in sublethally irradiated recipients. FTY increased donor hematopoietic progenitors in the BM, resulting in high donor engraftment in the B cell, myeloid cell, and natural killer cell, but not T cell, lineages. Donor T cell progenitors within the thymus of FTY-treated recipients were dramatically reduced, resulting in a lack of donor T cell reconstitution. In addition to preventing the ingress of donor (and host) T cell progenitors, FTY prevented the egress of fully functional host CD4+CD8− and CD4−CD8+ thymocytes that on cessation of FTY administration were able to exit from the thymus and contribute to a rapid and complete rejection of a well-established donor BM graft. When used in combination with anti-CD40L mAbs to block the CD40L:CD40 costimulatory pathway, FTY markedly enhanced anti-CD40L mAb-mediated alloengraftment promotion. In contrast to FTY alone, the combination of anti-CD40L mAb and FTY resulted in a surprisingly stable, multilineage, long-term donor chimerism. These data illustrate FTY's profound migration modulating effects and suggest a use in combinatorial therapy in achieving stable alloengraftment under nonmyeloablative conditions.
Using Software Repositories to Investigate Socio-technical Congruence in Development Projects

We propose a quantitative measure of socio- technical congruence as an indicator of the performance of an organization in carrying out a software development project. We show how the information necessary to implement that measure can be mined from commonly used software repositories, and we describe how socio-technical congruence can be computed based on that information.
Harmonic amplitude dependent dynamic stiffness of hydraulic bushings: Alternate nonlinear models and experimental validation

Abstract The dynamic stiffness properties of automotive hydraulic bushings exhibit significant amplitude sensitivity which cannot be captured by linear time-invariant models. Quasi-linear and nonlinear models are therefore proposed with focus on the amplitude sensitivity in magnitude and loss angle spectra (up to 50 Hz). Since production bushing model parameters are unknown, dynamic stiffness tests and laboratory experiments are utilized to extract model parameters. Nonlinear compliance and resistance elements are incorporated, including their interactions in order to improve amplitude sensitive predictions. New solution approximations for the new nonlinear system equations refine the multi-term harmonic balance term method. Quasi-linear models yield excellent accuracy but cannot predict trends in amplitude sensitivity since they rely on available dynamic stiffness measurements. Nonlinear models containing both nonlinear resistance and compliance elements yield superior predictions to those of prior models (with a single nonlinearity) while also providing more physical insight. Suggestion for further work is briefly mentioned.
A Comparison of the Mechanical Properties of Simplex, Zimmer, and Zimmer low Viscosity Bone Cements

Many different methods have been used to compare polymethylmethacrylate bone cements. In this paper the three currently available cements were compared in regard to dough and set times, heat of polymerization, compressive, tensile, 3 and 4 point bending strengths, fracture toughness, flexural modulus, void density distribution, and viscosity. Methods used were ASTM designated for bone cement or plastics in general whenever possible. Significant differences in set and dough times and heat of polymerization were noted. All cements were equal in compressive, tensile, and fracture toughness testing; Zimmer Regular Cement was significantly weaker (p less than 0.001) in flexural testing and had a significantly (p less than 0.001) decreased modulus of elasticity when compared to LVC and Simplex Cements. Void density distributions were not significantly different. Viscosity was shown to vary between these cements as well. This data was analysed both to determine differences between various brands of cement and to assess the relevance to clinical use and failure modes in vivo of these different means of testing.
Lessons Learned during Two Naturalistic Truck-Driving Studies:

The Virginia Tech Transportation Institute (VTTI) was contracted by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to collect...
Purification of Races B and C of the Hessian Fly by Genetic Manipulation

A procedure was worked out to obtain genotypically homozygous progenies of Races B and C of Mayctiola destructor (Say) by manipulation of genes of these races. Avirulent (unable to survive or stunt) larvae are known to survive on resistant wheat cultivars when together with virulent (able to survive and stunt) larvae. Therefore, by leaving a single egg per plant, only a homozygous virulent larva was able to survive on a susceptible cultivar, but it could still be heterozygous for virulence to a cultivar with a different resistance. Additionally, interracial reciprocal progeny testing was used to identify heterozygous flies. They were discarded, and only homozygous flies were saved for further increase to genotypically pure populations.
π − -Proton Interactions at 5 Bev

The interaction of 5-Bev negative pions with protons has been studied by exposing a 36-atmosphere hydrogen-filled diffusion cloud chamber to ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ beams from the Berkeley Bevatron. One hundred and thirtyseven interactions producing charged outgoing particles were observed. Of these, 27 were elastic scattering events, 64 were inelastic collisions having two charged outgoing prongs, 39 had four prongs, 3 had six prongs, and 4 involved the production and visible decay of heavy unstable particles. The total cross section is estimated to be 22.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.4 mb. The elastic scattering cross section is 4.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0 mb. The angular distribution of the elastic events is consistent with that expected for diffraction scattering from a sphere with radius (0.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ cm and opacity 0.6. Analysis of the inelastic events shows that multiple, rather than single, pion production is the predominant process occurring at this energy. An average of 2.3 secondary pions were produced in the inelastic events. This average multiplicity can be fitted by the Fermi statistical theory only by increasing the interaction radius occurring in the theory by 20%. The statistical theory, however, fails to account for the rather marked asymmetry found in the c.m. angular distributions of some of the particles emitted in inelastic events. A combination of the four observed strange-particle production events with 11 similar events obtained in exposures to high-energy neutron and proton beams shows that pion emission accompanies strange-particle production in at least 60% of elementary-particle collisions at Bevatron energies.
Influence of Vitamin D Status and Chronic Administration on the Renal Tubular Effects of 1,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D3:

AbstractPrevious studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that the acute infusion of the vitamin D3 derivative, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) is antiphosphaturic when administered with small “permissive” amounts of parathyroid hormone (PTH). To determine the effect of chronic administration of this metabolite, studies were performed in both vitamin D-deficient (-D) and vitamin D-fed (+D) rats which had been pretreated with 1,25(OH)2D3 for 6 days and then infused with either the metabolite alone, the metabolite with a small “permissive” dose of parathyroid hormone (PTH) or neither. The results indicate that in the —D animals, 1,25(OH)2D3 infusion alone results in antiphosphaturia without the presence of PTH. However, in the +D rats, PTH was required, despite 1,25(OH)2D3 pretreatment, for the acute infusion of the metabolite to enhance phosphate reabsorption. Thus, both vitamin D and parathyroid status are important in determining the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the renal tubular transport of p...
Lithium use and primary hyperparathyroidism.

ABSTRACT Objective To review suspected causes of lithium-induced hyperparathyroidism, disease presentation, underlying pathology, and current recommendations and trends in medical and surgical treatment. Methods Relevant literature was reviewed. Results Lithium carbonate therapy has continued to be a mainstay of treatment for bipolar disease and schizoaffective disorder since its introduction into clinical use. Several metabolic consequences are associated with its long-term use, including hypercalcemia and hyperparathyroidism. Conclusions: Until further data become available, the surgeon should remain vigilant for the presence of pathologically active glands that may manifest their function at different times during the disease course. (Endocr Pract. 2011;17[Suppl 1]:31-35)
Further observations on precipitin reaction of bence-jones protein

The studies of the immune reactions of Bence-Jones protein have not given concordant results. The earlier observers (Abderhalden and Rostoski,1 Boggs and Guthrie2) by injecting Bence-Jones proteins in rabbits obtained precipitins that reacted not only with this protein but also with human serum proteins. Massini3 noted a quantitative difference between Bence-Jones protein and blood serum proteins by means of complement fixation. He suggests that Bence-Jones is closely related yet different from the serum proteins, and that the fixation test is not suited for differentiation except with pure preparations. Micheli 4 studied a Bence-Jones protein in the urine, blood, and serous fluids of a patient with lymphosarcoma of the large intestine. Anaphylactic experiments and fixation tests with what he calls strictly pure BenceJones protein, as determined by careful chemical tests, and with human serum gave inter-reactions which Micheli explains as due to the presence in the Bence-Jones protein of two principal receptors, one with the same antigenic properties as the proteins in normal serum; the second, more abundant, being the specific Bence-Jones antigen. In the serum of rabbits injected with urine from cases of myeloma, Hektoen 5 demonstrated specific precipitin reacting with urine or serum containing Bence-Jones protein, but not with normal human serum. Bayne-Jones and Wilson6 found that while noncrystallin forms of Bence-Jones protein, isolated from urine by salting-out or other precipitation methods, contained traces of serum proteins, spontaneously crystallizing Bence-Jones protein, betrayed a specific protein, and was not acted on by antiserum to human serum. The claim by Hektoen 5 that Bence-Jones protein is a distinct antigen is based on the results of absorption experiments as illustrated in table 1.
A Case of Multiple Sebaceous Naevus

A 3-day-old girl presented with multiple yellowish red papillomaous plaque in the scape, face and neck. Diagnose of Multiple Sebaceous Naevus was made.
Primary delayed onset craniosynostosis in a child demonstrated by serial computed tomography imaging

Primary delayed onset craniosynostosis is a rarely reported phenomenon. The unique case of a 2-year-old boy who had computed tomography (CT) scans performed 20 months apart demonstrating the post-gestational development of sagittal suture craniosynostosis is presented. The otherwise healthy male initially presented to the emergency department at age 7 months with soft tissue swelling over his left parietal region secondary to a fall. A CT scan revealed a possible left parietal skull fracture without intracranial pathology and patent cranial sutures with a normocephalic calvarial configuration. Twenty months later, his paediatrician referred the boy to the craniofacial service for evaluation of progressive dolichocephaly. A new CT scan showed complete fusion of the sagittal suture with resultant biparietal narrowing, frontal bossing, and occipital prominence. The patient subsequently underwent uncomplicated frontoparietal craniotomy with calvarial vault reconstruction. Prior reports in the literature of cases of non-syndromic primary delayed onset craniosynostosis all lack 'pre-synostosis' CT imaging that proves post-birth patency of the cranial sutures. This case report documents CT demonstrating true primary delayed onset craniosynostosis.
Effect of Metformin Use on Survival Outcomes in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

Abstract Introduction Observational studies have suggested that metformin use is associated with favorable outcomes in several cancers. For renal cell carcinoma (RCC), data have been limited. Therefore, we investigated the effect of metformin on survival in metastatic RCC (mRCC) using a large clinical trial database. Patients and Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with mRCC in phase II and III clinical trials. The overall survival (OS) in metformin users was compared with that of users of other antidiabetic agents and those not using antidiabetic agents. Progression-free survival, objective response rate, and adverse events were secondary endpoints. Subgroup analyses were conducted after stratifying by class of therapy, type of vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) risk groups. Results We identified 4736 patients with mRCC, including 486 with diabetes, of whom 218 (4.6%) were taking metformin. Metformin use did not affect OS when compared with users of other antidiabetic agents or those without diabetes. Furthermore, metformin use did not confer an OS advantage when stratified by class of therapy and IMDC risk group. However, in diabetic patients receiving sunitinib (n = 128), metformin use was associated with an improvement in OS compared with users of other antidiabetic agents (29.3 vs. 20.9 months, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.051; 95% confidence interval, 0.009-0.292; P = .0008). Conclusion In the present study, we found a survival benefit for metformin use in mRCC patients treated with sunitinib. Clinical and preclinical studies are warranted to validate our results and guide the use of metformin in the clinic.
Restoring sexual function by electrical activation of the nervous system: a symposium.

(2001). Restoring Sexual Function By Electrical Activation Of The Nervous System: A Symposium. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine: Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 147-147.
Evaluation of Patients with a White Dot Syndrome

The term white dot syndromes (WDS) refers to a group of inflammatory eye diseases that predominantly affect the outer retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), choriocapillaris, choroid, or a combination of these sites. The WDS covered in this section are limited to those that are more commonly seen and include:
A Guide to Hands-on MEMS Design and Prototyping

Whether you are a student taking an introductory MEMS course or a practising engineer who needs to get up to speed quickly on MEMS design, this practical guide provides the hands-on experience needed to design, fabricate and test MEMS devices. You will learn how to use foundry multi-project fabrication processes for low-cost MEMS projects, as well as computer-aided design tools (layout, modeling) that can be used for the design of MEMS devices. Numerous design examples are described and analysed, from fields including micro-mechanics, electrostatics, optical MEMS, thermal MEMS and fluidic MEMS. There's also a final chapter on packaging and testing MEMS devices, as well as exercises and design challenges at the end of every chapter. Solutions to the design challenge problems are provided online.
Fatigue and Fracture Resistance of Bone

In Chapter 4, we examined the mechanical properties of bone when it is fractured monotonically by a load sufficient to exceed the failure stress of the material. Structures may also fail more gradually. There are two principal ways in which this can happen: creep and fatigue. In both, a stress less than the ultimate stress is applied, and damage from this stress grows and accumulates until failure occurs. In creep, the stress is applied continuously; in fatigue, the stress is applied cyclically. Obviously, these phenomena may occur simultaneously in the components of an engineering structure like a bridge, where the weight of the structure provides creep loading and the periodic passage of vehicles produces fatigue. Similarly, in the skeleton, bones often support more or less constant loads for prolonged periods of time (such as the vertebral bodies in your spine as you sit reading this book), and equally often carry cyclic loads (such as when you walk to class). In this chapter we shall see that creep and fatigue are closely related and explore the ways in which bone limits and repairs the damage that they produce. We also discuss what seems to happen when the limits of this capacity for damage control are exceeded and the bone fails by what is called a stress fracture.
A Role for Insulin in Diabetic Neuropathy

Abstract The peripheral nervous system is one of several organ systems that are profoundly affected in diabetes. The longstanding view is that insulin does not have a major role in modulating neuronal function in both central and peripheral nervous systems is now being challenged. In the setting of insulin deficiency or excess insulin, it is logical to propose that insulin dysregulation can contribute to neuropathic changes in sensory neurons. This is particularly important as sensory nerve damage associated with prediabetes, type 1 and type 2 diabetes is so prevalent. Here, we discuss the current experimental literature related to insulin’s role as a potential neurotrophic factor in peripheral nerve function, as well as the possibility that insulin deficiency plays a role in diabetic neuropathy. In addition, we discuss how sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system respond to insulin similar to other insulin-sensitive tissues. Moreover, studies now suggest that sensory neurons can also become insulin resistant like other tissues. Collectively, emerging studies are revealing that insulin signaling pathways are active contributors to sensory nerve modulation, and this review highlights this novel activity and should provide new insight into insulin’s role in both peripheral and central nervous system diseases.
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy

The nuclear magnetic resonance phenomenon has given rise to both magnetic resonance imaging, which yields morphologic data, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), which yields chemical data. In humans these data are derived principally from the resonances of the hydrogen nucleus in the low molecular weight compounds in the body. Hydrogen MRS has become a routinely used clinical tool in the brain, prostate, and breast. Other nuclei also demonstrate this phenomenon but each of these comes with additional difficulties, including low abundance, low sensitivity, and/or low chemical concentrations. The future of MRS includes a drive to higher main magnetic field strengths and new methods to create 4-5 orders of magnitude greater signal. The future of MRS is bright, but in the United States it is endangered by overuse and misuse driven by the advent of reimbursement.
Modulating Protein-Nanoparticle Interaction Energetics using Site Directed Mutagenesis

Nanoparticle technology has been a growing field in biomedical research. This is in part due to potential applications in drug delivery, biosensing, diagnostics, and imaging. Our long-term goal is to use protein functionalized AuNPs as a general tool for molecular sensing and drug delivery. The ability to use nanomaterials as biosensors and drug delivery methods in cellular uptake is directly dependent on the amount of protein that is able to bind to the surface of any given nanoparticle. It is hypothesized that electrostatic interactions play a significant role in protein-AuNP interactions, since citrate-stabilized AuNPs carry a net negative charge. Our group has developed an NMR-based approach to rapidly quantify bound protein to AuNP. To understand the above phenomenon, GB3 was chosen as our model protein and it contains seven lysine residues. These positively-charged lysine residues are involved in protein-AuNP binding, and a potential binding site was identified using APBS calculations which contain lysine residues. This hypothesis was tested by mutating the lysine residues to alanine one at a time using site-directed mutagenesis. NMR experiments were carried out to observe how the binding capacities of each of these variants change relative to wild type GB3. Notably K4A, K13A and K50A variants has significantly reduced binding, while the binding capacity of other lysine to alanine variants was on par with wild-type GB3. To obtain better understanding, GB3 variants were competed with wild type GB3 in the same solution with AuNP to observe how the binding capacities vary with wild type GB3. As predicted, the binding capacity ratio was lower for lysine residues in the proposed binding site were changed to alanine. A reduced binding capacity ratio was not observed for other lysine variants. The results reported are significant in establishing our original hypothesis, and suggest that GB3 adopts a specific orientation on the AuNP surface.
The More of Less

In college I had a wonderful course on W.B. Yeats, thought I was clever in my essays, impressed my brother with my understandings, and loved my professor. She was the divorced wife of Randall Jarrell, the poet. Mackie Jarrell was her name. I loved her for encouraging me with my work, the word “encourage” meaning “to give heart to.” My college text on Yeats’ collected poems (1959), revisited now after fifty years, is well fingered.
Optoacoustic effect from a point source moving in a circular orbit

The optoacoustic effect is almost invariably produced by intensity modulated radiation, typically from a pulsed or an amplitude modulated continuous source. Given the form of the wave equation that describes the production of sound from absorption of light, it is clear that steady sources of radiation that move in space in an absorbing medium can also generate acoustic waves. Here the properties of a point source of radiation that rotates in a plane at a constant angular frequency are discussed. The source is shown to generate a spiral wave pattern that contains both compressions and rarefactions.
Costly Signaling, Pleading, and Settlement

This paper develops a game-theoretic model that explores the use of costly signals in a litigation environment with private information held by the plaintiff. I compare the costly signaling model with the canonical models of settlement through screening (Bebchuk 1984) and settlement signaling (Reinganum and Wilde 1986), and show that the costly signaling model compares favorably to these models along several dimensions, suggesting that it merits further exploration as a tool for studying suit and settlement. Under plausible conditions, costly signaling (rather than other signaling or screening mechanisms) will emerge endogenously in litigation, and its results are more robust to changes in modeling assumptions. I apply the costly signaling model to study the effects of filing fees and heightened pleading standards, and find counterintuitive and policy-relevant results: steeply raising the costs of litigation through filing fees or heightened pleading standards may lower the total costs of litigation without reducing the number and size of settlements obtained by plaintiffs; but from a private welfare perspective, raising pleading standards may hurt plaintiffs even if their case outcomes are unaffected.
Does race play a role in genetic screening for hereditary cancer syndromes

1578Background: Molecular analysis of cancer predisposition genes may influence cancer screening, prevention strategies and options for targeted therapy. We sought to identify ethnic differences in patterns of genetic testing. Methods: Results of all patients with known ancestry who underwent genetic testing at the hereditary breast and ovarian cancer center at a single institution between 7/1/2013-12/31/2016 were reviewed. Race was stratified as Black, White, Asian, and Hispanic. Ashkenazi Jews were excluded from the White subgroup because of their higher rates of testing for deleterious founder mutations. White patients were utilized as the reference population for all statistical analysis. Results: 894 patients were included: 139 Black, 613 White, 33 Hispanic and 108 Asian. Black patients were more likely to undergo genetic testing for a personal history of cancer rather than family history risk assessment compared to White patients (p = 0.002). There was no difference in genetic testing rates based on...
A retrospective epidemiologic study to define risk factors, microbiology, and clinical outcomes of infective endocarditis in a large tertiary-care teaching hospital.

Objective:This study aims to define risk factors as well as their association with microbiology and clinical outcomes in a large US infective endocarditis population.Methods:Hospital records were s...
An Antarctic Extreme Halophile and Its Polyextremophilic Enzyme: Effects of Perchlorate Salts.

Abstract Effects of perchlorate salts prevalent on the surface of Mars are of significant interest to astrobiology from the perspective of potential life on the Red Planet. Halorubrum lacusprofundi, a cold-adapted halophilic Antarctic archaeon, was able to grow anaerobically on 0.04 M concentration of perchlorate. With increasing concentrations of perchlorate, growth was inhibited, with half-maximal growth rate in ca. 0.3 M NaClO4 and 0.1 M Mg(ClO4)2 under aerobic conditions. Magnesium ions were also inhibitory for growth, but at considerably higher concentrations, with half-maximal growth rate above 1 M. For a purified halophilic β-galactosidase enzyme of H. lacusprofundi expressed in Halobacterium sp. NRC-1, 50% inhibition of catalytic activity was observed at 0.88 M NaClO4 and 0.13 M Mg(ClO4)2. Magnesium ions were a more potent inhibitor of the enzyme than of cell growth. Steady-state kinetic analysis showed that Mg(ClO4)2 acts as a mixed inhibitor (KI = 0.04 M), with magnesium alone being a competitiv...
Laparoscopic Exploration for Free Air

Laparoscopic exploration is a minimally invasive approach for the investigation and potential intervention of pneumoperitoneum or intra-abdominal free air. The procedure begins with preoperative planning, standardization of personnel, and operating room setup. Success mandates expedited mobilization of instruments and resources, especially after hours and on weekends. The procedure entails safe entry into the abdomen, thorough examination of the intra-abdominal organs, retroperitoneal surfaces, peritoneal lining, and free peritoneal fluid. Adjuncts such as intraoperative esophagogastroduodenoscopy, methylene blue, and newer endoscopic fluorescence imaging techniques can help assess tissue integrity and identify pathology. Finally, the surgeon must maintain open communication with the surgical and anesthesia teams to promptly recognize the potential adverse consequences of pneumoperitoneum or deteriorating patient physiology that could warrant conversion to open procedure. Laparoscopic exploration for free air is safe and feasible. With the increased implementation of minimally invasive techniques as a core part of surgical training, more research showing the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic procedures in the emergent setting, and the support of surgical societies, this approach will become more common.
Violence in/by the market

In this paper, I discuss a definition of violence to unearth the generally unrecognised violence perpetrated by the logic of the market as is was constructed through a history of modern thought and...
The Effect of Medication on the Process of Psychotherapy

Psychotherapists need to deal with the issue of medication and its effect on therapy. Children should not be deprived of medication because of the therapist’s fear or “purist” motives, nor should they be deprived of psychotherapy because of an idea that medication can solve all problems. The combination of medication with intensive psychotherapy (cognitive-behavioral-interpretative) has been found to be more effective in the long term than either alone. Therapists need to integrate medication into psychotherapy and to develop the technical expertise to do so. Therapists, parents, families, and children are all affected when medication is used with a child or adolescent in psychotherapy.
The Physical Properties of Inconel Alloy 718 from 300 to 1000 K

Inconel alloy 718 is a high-strength alloy which can be heat treated to be suitable for service at temperatures from 20 to 1000 K in aerospace and nuclear applications.1 Four physical properties were measured from 300 to 1000 K on Inconel alloy 718 using the apparatuses listed in Table 1. Five right circular cylindrical samples for these apparatuses were machined from 1.2 cm thick plate of Heat No. 2180–4–9478 produced by the Stellite Division, Cabot Corporation and given a commercial heat treatment: 1230 K solution anneal plus duplex aging [985 K (8 hr) and 895 K (8 hr).] These samples had an average bulk density of 8.24 mg/m3 and an average electrical resistivity (ρ) at 298 K of 1.182 µΩ-m (±0.3%).
Pupillary Movements During Acute and Chronic Fatigue A New Test for the Objective Evaluation of Tiredness

Abstract : Spontaneous pupillary movements in darkness were recorded (1) in healthy subjects of different ages when they were rested or fatigued, (2) in chronically tired subjects without known neurological defects, and (3) in patients with various neurological lesions. In some of the experiments, local or systemic drugs were used. While the pupils are large and quiet in darkness when the subject is alert, they oscillate under the influence of tiredness. Waves of spontaneous pupillary contraction and dilation accompany periods of increasing sleepiness and spontaneous arousal until, at the moment immediately preceding sleep, the pupils become very small. The mechanism of these movements was analyzed and a simple test described which allows the objective determination of the degree of acute fatigue in a given subject at a given time. In the light of these results, the concepts of 'normal' and of 'pathologic' fatigue were discussed. (Author)
Phevamine A, a small molecule that suppresses plant immune responses.

Bacterial plant pathogens cause significant crop damage worldwide. They invade plant cells by producing a variety of virulence factors, including small-molecule toxins and phytohormone mimics. Virulence of the model pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pto) is regulated in part by the sigma factor HrpL. Our study of the HrpL regulon identified an uncharacterized, three-gene operon in Pto that is controlled by HrpL and related to the Erwinia hrp-associated systemic virulence (hsv) operon. Here, we demonstrate that the hsv operon contributes to the virulence of Pto on Arabidopsis thaliana and suppresses bacteria-induced immune responses. We show that the hsv-encoded enzymes in Pto synthesize a small molecule, phevamine A. This molecule consists of l-phenylalanine, l-valine, and a modified spermidine, and is different from known small molecules produced by phytopathogens. We show that phevamine A suppresses a potentiation effect of spermidine and l-arginine on the reactive oxygen species burst generated upon recognition of bacterial flagellin. The hsv operon is found in the genomes of divergent bacterial genera, including ∼37% of P. syringae genomes, suggesting that phevamine A is a widely distributed virulence factor in phytopathogens. Our work identifies a small-molecule virulence factor and reveals a mechanism by which bacterial pathogens overcome plant defense. This work highlights the power of omics approaches in identifying important small molecules in bacteria–host interactions.
Modeling hydrogen solvus in zirconium solution by the mesoscale phase-field modeling code Hyrax

Abstract Zirconium-based alloys are common materials for light water reactor (LWR) fuel cladding. These alloys readily absorb hydrogen and are subjected to lose ductility due to hydride accumulation. A phase-field modeling code with Calphad-based free energy functions, Hyrax, has been used to model the hydrogen solvus in α -zirconium solution and the formation of the δ zirconium-hydride phase in the α -zirconium matrix. The modeled hydrogen solvus was compared against published experimental data; this is considered the first direct validation of Hyrax output. The effect of external stress on hydrogen solvus and hydride formation has also been modeled. A tensile stress was uniformly applied to a single zirconium crystal and a bi-crystal system. We observed that the stress does not affect hydrogen solvus but does cause hydride to accumulate in the crystalline which has the c-axis parallel to the stress direction. This is because the external stress creates a strain energy gradient across the system; the δ -hydride preferentially precipitates in the low strain energy region which yields more lattice misfit strain to compensate the gradient.
A Dual Domain stochastic lagrangian model for predicting transport in open channels with hyporheic exchange

Abstract The exchange of surface and subsurface waters plays an important role in understanding and predicting large scale transport processes in streams and rivers. Accurately capturing the influence of small-scale features associated with turbulent dispersion on exchange in an upscaled framework is necessary for developing reliable predictive models at the reach scale. In this work, we use high-fidelity direct numerical simulations (DNS) to fully resolve turbulent flow and hyporheic exchange in an open channel. We parameterize a 2D particle tracking model with the average DNS velocity and scalar diffusivity profiles. Breakthrough curves and rate of surface mass loss to the subsurface in both models agree after a sufficient distance downstream from particle injection. Finally we find that the travel time/distance joint pdf contains enough information to parameterize a 1D dual domain coupled Continuous Time Random Walk (ddc-CTRW) model that successfully reproduces the behavior of both the DNS and the 2D particle tracking model, allowing accurate prediction of breakthrough curves. Predicting breakthrough curves with a fully parameterized ddc-CTRW reduces cpu time by orders of magnitude when compared with DNS.
Roles of erythropoietin, insulin-like growth factor 1, and unidentified serum factors in promoting maturation of purified murine erythroid colony-forming units

We have used 75% to 90% pure murine erythroid colony-forming units (CFU- E) to delineate the processes and factors underlying their maturation. These CFU-E form 32 cell colonies and are drawn from what we term generation I of a six-generation long maturation sequence (Landschulz et al, Blood 79:2749, 1992). Applying assays of 59Fe-heme biosynthesis and colony numbers as measures of maturation and analyses of DNA degradation as an index of programmed cell death, we find that (1) erythropoietin (Epo) enhances maturation throughout most of its course; (2) Epo first seems able to forestall DNA degradation when CFU-E reach generation II; (3) the processes that Epo elicits thereafter start to persist when Epo is withdrawn; (4) insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) also forestalls DNA breakdown, but later loses effectiveness; (5) IGF-I adds little to maturation when Epo levels are high, but when Epo levels are low, enhances it substantially; and (6) for maturation to be entirely optimal, an unidentified serum factor(s) is probably required when Epo levels are high and is certainly needed when Epo levels are like those in normal animals. Quantitatively, about 40% of optimal in vitro erythropoiesis at normal Epo levels depends on Epo alone, another 30% or less on the addition of IGF-I, and the remaining 30% or more on the addition of unidentified serum factor(s). Applied together, these three or more factors lead to two-thirds of the maximum maturation realized with saturating Epo levels. Because we also find that heme accumulated in CFU-E culture can closely approach levels in red blood cells, we suppose that our conclusions apply as well to CFU-E maturation in vivo.
Caring for the Older Person Who Is Diagnosed with Cancer: a Toolbox for the Geriatric Nurse

To offer a “toolbox” for geriatric nurses consisting of a general understanding of geriatric oncology, use of a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), role in the multidisciplinary team (MDT), and additional roles as leader, clinician, educator, advocate, and exemplar. Geriatric oncology incorporates the use of the Ambulatory Geriatric Oncology Program (AGOC), CGA, and an MDT to determine functional status, comorbid conditions, social support, and emotional concerns in addition to diagnosing and treating cancer. Nurses have a role in all elements of geriatric oncology. Nursing skills required in geriatric oncology should be cultivated to be able to advocate, lead, educate, and provide clinical care to older people. Resources are available to meet educational needs to continue to develop tools necessary for the geriatric oncology toolbox.
CHAPTER 1 – What is Addiction?

Publisher Summary This chapter defines addiction as a chronic relapsing disorder that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking, a loss of control in limiting intake, and the emergence of a negative emotional state when access to the drug is prevented. The definition of addiction is derived from the evolution of the concept of dependence and the nosology of addiction diagnosis. Addiction is ultimately composed of three major stages: (1) binge or intoxication, (2) withdrawal or negative affect, and (3) preoccupation or anticipation. The chapter focuses on the neuroadaptational changes that occur during the addiction cycle, although motivational, psychodynamic, social psychological, and vulnerability factors together contribute to the etiology of addiction. A schematic illustration of a model that proposes a process of incentive salience and accounts for the consequences of drug-induced sensitization is presented in the chapter. The chapter describes a general and theoretical formulation of the homeostatic theory of acute and chronic tolerance and physical dependence along with several other theories presented by various researchers.
Aggressive care at end-of-life in the Veteran’s Health Administration versus fee-for-service Medicare among patients with advanced lung cancer.

12025Background: The Veteran’s Health Administration (VHA) allows simultaneous receipt of cancer treatment and hospice care, termed concurrent care, while fee-for-service Medicare does not. Althoug...
Introgression Among Three Western North American Bilberries (Vaccinium Section Myrtillus)

Despite being dominant elements of understory communities in the coniferous forests of western North America, phylogenetic relationships among bilberries (Vaccinium section Myrtillus) remain unresolved. Morphological delimitation among most western bilberry species is tenuous, and traditionally employed molecular sources of phylogenetic information have yielded insufficient variability. Moreover, these species are hypothesized to have undergone extensive introgression. We used RADseq data analyzed with maximum likelihood species tree estimation and Patterson's D-statistic analyses to examine the influence of introgression on relationships among Vaccinium myrtillus, V. scoparium, and V. cespitosum. Additionally, we used these data to assess whether the populations of V. myrtillus disjunct between North America and Eurasia are monophyletic and should continue to be recognized as conspecific. Significant genome-wide introgression, as determined through D-statistic analyses, was detected between North American samples of V. myrtillus and V. cespitosum, and to a lesser extent, between V. myrtillus and V. scoparium. No significant D-values were detected between V. scoparium and V. cespitosum. Accessions of Vaccinium myrtillus from Eurasia and North America were recovered as non-monophyletic, prompting our proposed resurrection of V. oreophilum for North American material. The long-assumed sister species relationship between V. oreophilum and V. scoparium was not recovered in our analysis. Instead, V. oreophilum and V. cespitosum were inferred to be sister taxa. This study reveals considerable introgression detectable in the evolutionary history of western North American bilberries and demonstrates the utility of RADseq data to resolve species level relationships in groups that undergo reticulate evolution such as Vaccinium.
mTORC1 hyperactivation in lymphangioleiomyomatosis leads to ACE2 upregulation in type II pneumocytes: implications for COVID-19.

Increased pneumocyte expression of the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2 in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is associated with upregulation of interferon pathways in natural killer cells as wells as increased IL6 expression in LAM-associated fibroblasts.
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON QUALITY OF LIFE AND PATIENT SATISFACTION AMONGST PATIENTS SEEKING FERTILITY EVALUATION AND TREATMENT

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of the pause on fertility treatments, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, on patients’ fertility quality of life (FQoL) Design: Web-based survey Materials and Methods: Patients seeking fertility care at a single academic fertility center from 1/2020 - 3/2020 with valid email addresses were surveyed Patient demographics, evaluation or treatment type, history, satisfaction with newly instituted TeleHealth, viewpoint on ASRM guidance, and an adapted version of the validated Fertility Quality of Life Questionnaire (FQoL) were assessed FQoL score was the primary outcome and was used to quantitatively assess the impact of COVID-19 on patients’ FQoL Student’s T-tests were used to compare FQoL scores between patients who experienced a delay in evaluation or treatment vs those who did not Results: Four hundred fifty-six patients received a survey link and 38 8% (177/456) responded The most common delayed treatments were intrauterine inseminations (36 0%), frozen embryo transfers (35 2%), and oocyte retrievals (26 4%) 37 3% (66/177) of patients had a TeleHealth appointment with a provider The majority (90 9%) were dissatisfied with their encounter;however, 42 4% would consider utilizing TeleHealth in the future Of 125 patients who experienced delays, 12 8% agreed with the decision to pause treatments and 41 6% disagreed The remaining 45 6% patients neither agreed nor disagreed Of the 54 2% (96/177) of patients that completed the adapted FQoL survey in its entirety, those with delayed fertility evaluation or treatment (n=77) had significantly lower mean FQoL scores than those who did not experience a delay (76 6 vs 86 5, p=0 01) 52% of patients who completed FQoL questions agreed with the pause of fertility treatments;they had significantly higher FQoL scores than those who disagreed (82 0 vs 71 8, p<0 005) [Formula presented] Conclusions: Patients who experienced delays in fertility care due to COVID-19 reported lower FQoL compared to those who did not Less than half of patients agreed with guidance suggesting a delay in treatments, despite continued access to care via TeleHealth Although efforts were made to maintain open lines of communication and patient access to care during the pandemic via TeleHealth, the majority of patients were dissatisfied with their experience, regardless of delays In spite of their experience, nearly half of participants expressed interest in using TeleHealth for future fertility care