cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PHOTOREACTION OF FMN‐TRICINE AND ITS PARTICIPATION IN PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION*

— In the presence of light, Tricine efficiently reduced flavin. Under aerobic conditions, oxygen uptake was observed. Inhibition studies with superoxide dismutase, with cytochrome c as electron acceptor, suggested that about 50% of the reduced oxygen was superoxide anion. Oxygen uptake by this system was markedly inhibited by 2.5 mM phenol or salicyl aldehyde. A rapid and convenient assay for superoxide dismutase was developed based on the light-induced reduction of cytochrome c by flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and Tricine. Reduction of cytochrome c in chloroplasts without addition of ferredoxin appears to be mediated by superoxide anions, as indicated by inhibition of this reaction by superoxide dismutase. Loss of photophosphorylation by sonication of chloroplasts could be partially prevented by the presence of Tricine and FMN during sonication. Phosphorylation under these conditions was dependent on white light, but no evidence for the participation of superoxide anion could be obtained with internal or external superoxide dismutase.
Sequential hemibody and local irradiation with combination chemotherapy for small cell lung carcinoma: A preliminary analysis

Sequential hemibody irradiation (SHB) was integrated with combination chemotherapy and local irradiation (LRT) in the induction and consolidation phases of a therapeutic protocol for small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Forty-one previously untreated patients were entered into this program. Among 38 evaluable patients (20 with limited disease [LD] and 18 with extensive disease [ED], the overall response rate was 63% (90% in LD and 33% in ED patients). The estimated overall survival is 8.1 months. The major toxicity has been myelosuppression--especially thrombocytopenia. The frequency of previously described "acute radiation syndromes" and radiation pneumonitis associated with hemibody irradiation have been substantially decreased at the current dosage with premedication and shielding techniques. The integration of SHB as a systemic therapy with combination chemotherapy and LRT is a feasible program for sequential administration of non-cross-resistant agents in SCLC and may be beneficial in patients with limited disease.
Observations of field‐aligned currents at the plasma sheet boundary: An ISEE‐1 and 2 survey

Using ISEE-1 and 2 magnetometer data we have performed a survey of field-aligned currents at the boundary of the plasmasheet between 10 and 22 Earth radii down the magnetotail. Most cases are observed as the plasma sheet expands across the spacecraft. We find that the currents are most often observed flowing earthward throughout this region of the tail; however, a fraction of the cases correspond to tailward flowing currents and these tend to be found dawnward of midnight. Toward dusk no tailward currents are found. The currents at the plasma sheet boundary should map to the high latitude boundary of the auroral zone, and consequently one might expect them to have a Region 1 polarity; just the opposite is observed. Typical sheet current densities for these cases are roughly 5 mA/m.
Errors in eye tissue temperature measurements when using a metallic probe.

Abstract An experimental and theoretical study shows that a metallic needle temperature probe will read in vivo eye tissue temperatures several degrees below the true value at depths of 5–20 mm. In this experimental study a commercially available needle probe was pushed into a preheated agar cylinder that had thermal nonconducting probes located within it at various depths. The experiment was repeated in water. An approximate theoretical treatment of the needle-agar system gave an explanation for the difference between the temperature indicated by the needle and the true temperature. This explanation was applied to the reported temperature profile along the pupillary axis of the in vivo rabbit eye to show that the reported profile may be in error by several degrees.
Multiple origins of replication for Bacillus subtilis phage SPO1.

Abstract By using density-transfer and marker-rescue techniques, we have been able to determine that: (1) SPOT has at least two origins of replication; (2) one of these origins is located about 8% from the right-hand end of the genetic map (in or near cistron 32) and replication proceeds from this origin unidirectionally to the left; (3) the extreme right-hand 8% of the genetic map is replicated from right to left; and (4) an origin of replication lies either in, or to the left of, the extreme left-hand 8% of the genetic map.
Evaluation of the portal venous system before liver transplantation: value of phase-contrast MR angiography.

The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of phase-contrast MR angiography with gadolinium in evaluating the patency and blood flow direction of the portal venous system; the presence, extent, and type of varices; and the patency of surgical decompressive shunts in patients before liver transplantation. This information is essential in management and care of patients with chronic liver disease and portal hypertension and those who are candidates for liver transplantation.Twenty-four patients with portal venous hypertension were evaluated with phase-contrast MR angiography. Two patients had surgical splenorenal shunts and one had a mesocaval shunt. Phase-contrast angiograms were acquired as a series of two-dimensional sequential coronal sections during breath-holding and after IV administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine. Correlative findings from color flow Doppler sonography, contrast-enhanced CT scanning, and conventional angiography were available in 23, 20, and 10 patients, respectively, ...
The effect of molecular weight on fatigue crack propagation in nylon 66 and polyacetal

The influence of molecular weight on fatigue and fracture behavior in nylon 66 (N66) and polyacetal (PA) is examined. Fatigue crack propagation (FCP) resistance and apparent fracture toughness (Kcf) in these two semicrystalline polymers increase with increasing molecular weight in a manner consistent with that reported for another semicrystalline polymer (HDPE) as well as for several amorphous polymers. The improved FCP resistance with increasing molecular weight is attributed to the development of a molecular entanglement network that more effectively resists cyclic-load-induced breakdown. A type of discontinous crack growth is identified in PA at 100Hz and in N66 (2.6% H2O) at 50 Hz and compared with that observed in amorphous polymers.
Hookworm: developmental biology of the infectious process

Abstract Hookworms cause severe anemia and malnutrition in developing countries of the tropics, with an estimated one billion people infected worldwide. An in vitro system that models the early events of infection has provided new information about the linkage between the infectious process and the parasite's developmental biology. The cloning and expression of Anclyostoma secreted protein, ASP 1 — a secreted molecule associated with these developmental processes — is an example of how this system allows us to dissect the infectious process at the molecular level.
Women's and Men's Relative Status and Intimate Partner Violence in India

This article reports on a study finding that women in India who have more education than their husbands who earn more or who are the sole earners in their families have a higher likelihood of experiencing frequent and severe intimate partner violence (IPV) than women who are not employed or who are less educated than their spouse.
PSF-TFE3 oncoprotein in papillary renal cell carcinoma inactivates TFE3 and p53 through cytoplasmic sequestration

Papillary renal cell carcinomas are associated with chromosomal translocations involving the helix-loop-helix leucine-zipper region of the TFE3 gene on the X chromosome. These translocations lead to the expression of TFE3 chimeras of PRCC, RCC17, NonO and PSF (PTB-associated splicing factor). In this study, we explored the role of PSF-TFE3 fusion protein in mediating cell transformation. Unlike wild-type TFE3 or PSF, which are nuclear proteins, PSF-TFE3 is not a nuclear protein and is targeted to the endosomal compartment. Although PSF-TFE3 has no effect on the nuclear localization of wild-type PSF, it sequesters wild-type TFE3 as well as p53 in the extranuclear compartment leading to functionally null p53 and TFE3 cells. In UOK-145 papillary renal carcinoma cells, which endogenously express PSF-TFE3, siRNA complementary to the PSF-TFE3 fusion junction leads to a reduction in PSF-TFE3 and redistribution of endogenous TFE3 and p53 from the cytoplasmic compartment to the nucleus. Our results indicate that PSF-TFE3 acts through a novel mechanism, and exports TFE3, p53 and possibly other factors from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for degradation leading to the transformed phenotype. Thus, PSF-TFE3 is a promising target for the treatment for a subset of renal cell carcinomas.
Applicability Of The Liquid Crystal Television For Optical Data Processing

The pocket-size liquid crystal television (LCTV) has been investigated for its potential as a two dimensional spatial light modulator. The LCTV can be addressed using both a microcomputer and a TV camera. We have measured various characteristics of this device including transmission control, bipolar modulation capabilities, and have tested its usage as an input device for an optical correlator. Optical phase distortions of the device can be compensated by a liquid gate. These results suggest that this device has great potential for optical pattern recognition and optical data processing applications.© (1986) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Alterations of specific forms of cytochrome P-450 in rat liver during acute carbon tetrachloride intoxication.

Abstract Male rats were pretreated with phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene, or the corresponding vehicles, administered carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and sacrificed 3 hr later. Hepatic microsomes were isolated and assayed for cytochrome P-450 content and mixed-function oxidase activity. The residual content of cytochrome P-450 after CCl4 intoxication was similar in saline and phenobarbital-pretreated animals. Substantially greater amount of cytochrome P-450 remained in animals pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene and then challenged with CCl4. In saline-pretreated animals, the dealkylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin, but not benzphetamine or N,N-dimethylaniline, was decreased following CCl4 exposure. The enhanced dealkylation following phenobarbital, but not following by 3-methylcholanthrene, was also decreased after CCl4 poisoning. Microsomes were solubilized with sodium cholate; cytochrome P-450 was partially purified by ω-octylamino Sepharose 4B column chromatography; and cytochrome P-450-containing elements were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A decrease in the staining intensity of a band migrating with a molecular weight of 51,600 was noted following CCl4 treatment. Furthermore, the phenobarbital-induced component (MW 51,600), but not that appearing after 3-methylcholanthrene induction (MW 57,900), was also diminished. Microsomal proteins separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and stained for heme also showed a decrease in staining which was greater in those microsomal proteins from phenobarbital and saline than in 3-methylcholanthrene-induced animals. The data suggest that a specific cytochrome P-450(s) in the saline-treated animals as well as the cytochrome P-450(s) induced by phenobarbital, but not the 3-methylcholanthrene-induced cytochrome P-450, are susceptible to CCl4-induced destruction.
Late Miocene coesite-eclogite exhumed in the Woodlark Rift

Late Miocene-Pliocene eclogites were exhumed in the Woodlark Rift of eastern Papua New Guinea, an actively extending region west of the Woodlark Basin seafl oor spreading center. We report the discovery of coesite in late Miocene eclogite from the lower plate of one of the D'Entrecasteaux Islands metamorphic core complexes within the Woodlark Rift. Zircon crys- tallization temperatures (650-675 °C) and 238 U/ 206 Pb age (ca. 8 Ma), and rutile thermometry (695-743 °C) combined with garnet-pyroxene thermometry (600-760 °C) and garnet-pyroxene- phengite barometry (18-27 kbar), indicate that the coesite-eclogite was exhumed from mantle depths (≥90 km) to the Earth's surface at plate tectonic rates (cm yr -1 ). This late Miocene coesite- eclogite is the youngest exhumed ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) rock on Earth, and its preservation ahead of the westward-propagating seafl oor spreading center forces reevaluation of models for UHP exhumation, as well as the geologic and tectonic evolution of the Woodlark Rift.
Spatial and temporal unpredictability of colony size in Cliff Swallows across 30 years

Most colonially breeding animals occupy colonies that range in size from a few pairs to thousands of individuals, but the causes of colony size variation are largely unknown. Three general hypotheses are: (1) that variation in colony size is maintained by fluctuating selection via spatial and temporal changes in fitness associated with different colony sizes; (2) that colony formation reflects heterogeneity in habitat, with some sites having resources to support more individuals than others; and (3) that individuals assess the presence or annual reproductive success of current colony residents at each site and aggregate preferentially at high-quality sites. These hypotheses make predictions about how consistent colony size should be across sites and among years. We examined temporal and spatial variability of colony size for >200 Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) colony sites in western Nebraska across a 30-year period. A colony's substrate type, annual population size in the study area, and whethe...
Logical form and propositional function in the Tractatus

Abstract: Wittgenstein's Tractatus carefully distinguished the concept all from the notion of a truth-function, and thereby from the quantifiers. I argue that Wittgenstein's rationale for this distinction is lost unless propositional functions are understood within the context of his picture theory of the proposition. Using a model Tractatus language, I show how there are two distinct forms of generality implicit in quantified Tractatus propositions. Although the explanation given in the Tractatus for this distinction is ultimately flawed, the distinction itself is a genuine one, and the forms of generality that Wittgenstein indicated can be seen in the quantified sentences of contemporary logic.
Racial ideology in predicting social cognitive career variables for Black undergraduates

Abstract This exploratory study expanded Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT; Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994 ) by incorporating the personal variable of racial ideology ( Sellers, Rowley, Chavous, Shelton, & Smith, 1997 ). The association of racial ideology (i.e., nationalist, humanist, assimilationist, and oppressed minority) to self-efficacy variables, outcome expectations, career interests, and perceived career barriers was examined for 141 Black undergraduates enrolled at a historically Black university. Regression analyses evidenced support for two of the four racial ideologies (nationalist and assimilationist), both independently and in combination, in predicting career self-efficacy, outcome expectations, career interests, and perceived career barriers. Support was also found for the general applicability of SCCT with Black undergraduates at a historically Black university in that interests were most predictive of career consideration. Future research directions applied to the SCCT model are discussed and practice implications for Black college students are considered.
Risks for jaw osteonecrosis drastically increases after 2 years of bisphosphonate therapy.

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Risk factors for osteonecrosis of the jaws: a case-control study from the CONDOR dental PBRN. Barasch A, Cunha-Cruz J, Curro FA, Hujoel P, Sung AH, Vena D, Voinea-Griffin AE; CONDOR Collaborative Group, Beadnell S, et al. J Dent Res 2011;90(4):439-44. Reviewers Sunday O. Akintoye, BDS, DDS, MS, Elliot V. Hersh, DMD, MS, PhD Purpose/Question To determine risks associated with bisphosphonate therapy and identify other risk factors for osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) Source of Funding National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research grants U01DE016747, U01DE016755, U01DE016750, U01DE016746, U01DE016754, and U01DE016752 Type of Study/Design Multicenter case-control study Level of Evidence Level 2: Limited-quality, patient-oriented evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Not applicable
Culmination Collapse in Fanjah Saddle, Oman: ABSTRACT

Culmination collapse structures in the central Oman Mountains have overprinted and clouded the surface expression of deep-seated regional structures, as typified by the Fanjah Saddle. The saddle forms a domain of low structural relief situated along the trend of a series of major structural culminations. It is bounded on the east and west by the plunging noses of the parautochthonous Mesozoic shelf carbonates of the Saih Hatat and Jabal Nakhl culminations, respectively, and contains a stack of Late Cretaceous basinal and ophiolitic thrust sheets. Culmination collapse, initiated by backslip movement of the dense overlying nappes, has resulted in a saddle geometry containing both extensional and compressional regimes. Listric normal faults in the culminations converge toward the saddle and serve as feeder zones to the saddle core which acts as a sink for the thrust sheets. Smaller surge zones with extensional trailing edges and compressional fronts defined by recumbent folds radiate outward from the culminations. This has been superimposed over earlier isoclinal folding produced by the emplacement of the overlying nappes. The final result is a complex internal geometry and distribution pattern of structures. Distinguishing these shallow deformational events from deep seated structural styles is essential for the correct extrapol tion of surface data to the subsurface in any exploration program. End_of_Article - Last_Page 463------------
The anodic dissolution of deformed Mg in H2SO4

Abstract A study has been made of the effect of the deformation of pure polycrystalline Mg undergoing anodic dissolution in sulphuric acid. In 0·05 and 0·10 N H 2 SO 4 , deviations from linearity in anodic dissolution rate vs. c.d. plots occur at approximately 18 and 40 mA/cm 3 . Examination of the metal surfaces following dissolution reveals a black to grey film (containing dispersed metallic particles) forming above and in the region of these current densities. The maximum points in the positive Δ-c.d. curves for deformed metal anodically dissolving in 0·05 and 0·10 N H 2 SO 4 are found at approximately 14 and 38 mA/cm 2 respectively. These results appear to confirm previous studies attributing the maximum and the subsequent decrease in δ (difference effect) primarily to increased anodic disintegration. It would appear that the deformation of the metal does not play a significant role in the mechanism of anodic disintegration.
Down-Regulation of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Receptors in Cultured Bone Cells Is Associated with Agonist-Specific Intracellular Processing of PTH- Receptor Complexes*

Exposure of cultured embryonic chicken bone cells to the PTH agonists bovine (b) PTH-(1–34) and [8Nle, 18Nle, 34Tyr]bPTH-(1–34)amide [bPTH-(1–34)A] reduces the subsequent cAMP response to the hormone and decreases the specific binding of 125I-labeled PTH to these cultures. To determine whether PTH receptor down-regulation in cultured bone cells is mediated by cellular internalization of PTH-receptor complexes, we measured the uptake of [125I]bPTH-(1–34) into an acid-resistant compartment. Uptake of radioactivity into this compartment was inhibited by incubating cells at 4 C with phenylarsineoxide and unlabeled bPTH-(1–34). Tracer uptake into the acid-resistant compartment at any time was directly proportional to total cell binding at 22 C. Thus, it is likely that PTH-receptor complexes are internalized by bone cells. This mechanism may explain the loss of cell surface receptors after PTH pretreatment. To determine whether internalized PTHreceptor complexes are reinserted into the plasma membrane, we measu...
A Monte Carlo simulation technique for low-altitude, wind-shear turbulence

A case is made for including anisotropy in a Monte Carlo flight simulation scheme of low-altitude wind-shear turbulence by means of power spectral density. This study attempts to eliminate all flight simulation-induced deficiencies in the basic turbulence model. A full-scale low-altitude wind-shear turbulence simulation scheme is proposed with particular emphasis on low cost and practicality for near-ground flight. The power spectral density statistic is used to highlight the need for realistic estimates of energy transfer associated with low-altitude wind-shear turbulence. The simulation of a particular anisotropic turbulence model is shown to be a relatively simple extension from that of traditional isotropic (Dryden) turbulence.
GOFFMAN AND INTERACTIONAL CITIZENSHIP

Goffinan's analysis of the interaction order and his inves- tigation of deference and demeanor are used to extend and revise the macrosociological theory of citizenship. Goffinan's theorizing intimates that individuals claim and are typically accorded a complex of interactional rights and are simultaneously obliged to honor a complementary set of obli- gations. Taken together, these rights and obligations comprise what we call interactional citizenship. In principle alterations in the interaction order over time can be described and explained, and in this vein we propose that there has been a general, albeit incomplete and unevenly realized, expan- sion of interactional citizenship to virtually every category of social actor. There are limits to this expansion, however, and little reason to believe that interactional citizenship can ever be fully realized.
The effects of redundant communications on listeners: why different types may have different effects.

Much of our communication is redundant in that we say more than necessary to be informative. How listeners respond to verbal redundancy is important because of its frequency of occurrence and because such knowledge should enable us to increase our understanding of the development of listening skills. Previous research indicated qualitative developmental differences in how listeners respond to differentiating redundancy (several distinguishing features of a referent are mentioned). The present research compared performance with two forms of redundancy: differentiating and structured (e.g., mentioning a distinguishing referential feature and a feature shared by several contiguous stimuli) and investigated causes of differences in responding to the two forms. First- and fifty-graders participated in a referential communication paradigm. Results were discussed in terms of a processing capacity model: Redundancy should facilitate performance only if it decreases processing demands on a listener. Which processing demands will be affected will depend on the specific redundancy and the specific task.
Recognizing and Improving Health Care Disparities in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women

Innate differences in gender physiology result in unique exposures, risk, and protection that are specific to women. Recognition and appreciation of these differences results in better treatment adaptations for women and better outcomes. Disparities between genders in the treatment of major cardiovascular risk factors still exist and are mostly secondary to underestimating or misunderstanding a woman’s risk. Preventive therapies are less often recommended to women. Women are more likely to be diagnosed and treated for hypertension, but are less likely to reach treatment goals. High-risk women—including diabetic women—are less likely to be on lipid-lowering agents and reach a low-density lipoprotein level less than 100 mg/dL. Diabetic women are less likely to achieve a hemoglobin A1c level less than 7%. Through understanding these disparities, health care providers will be better able to screen female patients and institute evidence-based therapies for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Rec8 phosphorylation and recombination promote the step-wise loss of cohesins in meiosis.

During meiosis, cohesins—protein complexes that hold sister chromatids together—are lost from chromosomes in a step-wise manner1. Loss of cohesins from chromosome arms is necessary for homologous chromosomes to segregate during meiosis I. Retention of cohesins around centromeres until meiosis II is required for the accurate segregation of sister chromatids. Here we show that phosphorylation of the cohesin subunit Rec8 contributes to step-wise cohesin removal. Our data further implicate two other key regulators of meiotic chromosome segregation, the cohesin protector Sgo1 and meiotic recombination in bringing about the step-wise loss of cohesins and thus the establishment of the meiotic chromosome segregation pattern. Understanding the interplay between these processes should provide insight into the events underlying meiotic chromosome mis-segregation, the leading cause of miscarriages and mental retardation in humans.
Enhancing lean training for the office environment through simulation and gaming

Modern training methods call for active engagement of the trainees in the training process. Simulation games are among the most effective methods of training. As waste elimination concepts become more popular, numerous lean training packages have been developed. Most of these packages include simulation games as a hands-on training tool. So far, lean simulation games have largely focused on manufacturing. However, administrative or office processes also contain a great deal of waste and could benefit from a game aimed at their processes. This paper proposes a lean office simulation game to demonstrate the effect of lean implementation on office processes. The game uses four phases to simulate the impact of several lean tools. Various performance metrics are recorded during the game to capture the impact of these tools. A case study of the game played by administrative personnel is included along with an analysis of the results.
Microfluidic enrichment of small proteins from complex biological mixture on nanoporous silica chip

The growing field of miniaturized diagnostics is hindered by a lack of pre-analysis treatments that are capable of processing small sample volumes for the detection of low concentration analytes in a high-throughput manner. This letter presents a novel, highly efficient method for the extraction of low-molecular weight (LMW) proteins from biological fluids, represented by a mixture of standard proteins, using integrated microfluidic systems. We bound a polydimethylsiloxane layer patterned with a microfluidic channel onto a well-defined nanoporous silica substrate. Using rapid, pressure-driven fractionation steps, this system utilizes the size-exclusion properties of the silica nanopores to remove high molecular weight proteins while simultaneously isolating and enriching LMW proteins present in the biological sample. The introduction of the microfluidic component offers important advantages such as high reproducibility, a simple user interface, controlled environment, the ability to process small sample volumes, and precise quantification. This solution streamlines high-throughput proteomics research on many fronts and may find broad acceptance and application in clinical diagnostics and point of care detection.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and trophic factor withdrawal activate distinct signaling cascades that induce glycogen synthase kinase-3β and a caspase-9-dependent apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons

Abstract Loss of trophic or activity-dependent survival signals is commonly recognized as a stimulus for neuronal apoptosis and may play a significant role in neurodegeneration. Recent data have also implicated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as an important factor in some neurodegenerative conditions. However, whether shared or unique apoptotic cascades are activated by trophic factor withdrawal (TFW) versus ER stress in primary neurons has not previously been investigated. In primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs), the ER stressor brefeldin A activated a discrete pathway involving the following: (1) stimulation of the ER resident kinase PERK, (2) enhanced phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2α, and (3) increased expression and nuclear localization of the transcription factor Gadd153/CHOP. ER stress-induced CGN apoptosis was blocked by an antagonist of IP3 receptor-mediated Ca2+ release, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), and by expression of ER-targeted Bcl-2. In contrast, CGN apoptosis elicited by TFW (i.e., removal of serum and depolarizing extracellular potassium) did not display any ER stress component nor was it blocked by either 2-APB or ER-Bcl-2. Despite these apparent differences, both brefeldin A and TFW induced dephosphorylation (activation) of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Moreover, inhibitors of GSK-3β (IGF-I, lithium) and caspase-9 (LEHD-fmk) significantly protected CGNs from apoptosis induced by either ER stress or TFW. These data indicate that ER stress and TFW elicit distinct signals that activate GSK-3β and intrinsic apoptosis in neurons.
Escape from Transcriptional Shutoff during Poliovirus Infection: NF-κB-Responsive Genes IκBa and A20

ABSTRACT It has been known for a long time that infection of cultured cells with poliovirus results in the overall inhibition of transcription of most host genes. We examined whether selected host genes can escape transcriptional inhibition by thiouridine marking newly synthesized host mRNAs during viral infection. Using cDNA microarrays hybridized to cDNAs made from thiolated mRNAs, a small set of host transcripts was identified and their expression verified by quantitative PCR and Northern and Western blot analyses. These transcripts were synthesized from genes that displayed enrichment for NF-κB binding sites in their promoter regions, suggesting that some NF-κB-regulated promoters can escape the virus-induced inhibition of transcription. In particular, two negative regulators of NF-κB, IκBa and A20, were upregulated during viral infection. Depletion of A20 enhanced viral RNA abundance and viral yield, arguing that cells respond to virus infection by counteracting NF-κB-induced proviral effects.
A Partnership Approach to Improving Student Attitudes About Sharks and Scientists

This article describes the methods and impact of a student–teacher–scientist research partnership on student attitudes. The partnership objective was to teach students about the diverse roles of sharks in the marine environment while personally connecting students with scientific study. Students (N = 229) participated in lessons about shark biology and helped the partnering scientist design experimental protocols and analyze data. A self-selected subset of students also volunteered (n = 82) for a field component working with live hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewinii). Student surveys before and after the partnership suggested that negative attitudes about sharks are due largely to lack of exposure, and direct attention to students' stereotypes about sharks resulted in significant attitude improvement. Change in students' attitudes toward scientists, however, was minimal. Students' negative views of scientists did decline significantly, but their overall views of scientists were relatively positive to begin with. Also of interest was the students' unremitting association of scientists with specialized equipment and the students' lack of personal connection to scientific ways of examining the world, suggesting that partnerships may be more effective at personally connecting students with scientific process if they explicitly incorporate activities designed to improve students' view of themselves as scientists.
Comments, with reply, on "A generalization of Van den Berg's integral-square error computational technique for scattering" by A.J. Mackay and A. McCowen

The commenters note that if the conjugate gradient method were used in the above named work (ibid., vol.AP-35, p.213-20, Feb. 1987) its use automatically enforces the orthogonality of the authors' functions, without requiring any additional storage. In replying the authors agree that it was perhaps an oversight not to compare Van den Berg's method with the conjugate gradient method. However, they note that it was not their aim to provide such a comparison, but only to show how improvements could be made to the spectral iteration technique (SIT). >
Specificity in recognition of phosphopeptides by src-homology 2 domains

SUMMARY SH2 domains and SH3 domains, found in a number of protein-tyrosine kinases and substrates of protein-tyrosine kinases, provide specificity in downstream signaling. Both of these domains bind to relatively short linear sequences of peptides to provide specific interactions between proteins. The SH2 domains directly bind to phosphotyrosine residues of proteins in a specific sequence context. We have devised a phosphopeptide library technique that allows us to rapidly determine the sequence specificity of individual SH2 domains on the basis of amino acids selected at position +1,+2 and +3 C-terminal of the phosphotyrosine. The optimal motif for 22 distinct SH2 domains has been determined and used to predict likely sites of in vivo interaction. A second phosphopeptide library was devised in which the amino acids N-terminal of the phosphotyrosine were also varied. The residues N-terminal of phosphotyrosine had little influence on binding to the N-SH2 domain of the 85 kDa subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase. These results indicate that for this SH2 domain, specificity is determined by sequences carboxy-terminal of the phosphotyrosine moiety. Knowledge of the specificity of SH2 domains allows predictions about likely downstream targets on the basis of primary sequence of proteins. Some of these predictions will be discussed.
Inflammatory Aneurysm of the Ascending Aorta Dissection Ante Portas

A 72-year-old woman with a medical history of hypertension and non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was admitted to our hospital with progressively deteriorating chest pain. Coronary angiography demonstrated significant disease in the left anterior descending and proximal circumflex arteries. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the thoracic aorta revealed an ascending aorta aneurysm with a maximal diameter of 5.3 cm and a thick …
Consumer evaluation of brand fit, attitude, and purchase intention of athletic team merchandise

The concept of brand fit indicates that consumers’ perceived fit between different brands is likely to affect purchase intention. Empirical results of the theoretical model indicate that when there is weak fit between brands that are not competing brands but brands that are cobranded under a partnership/licensing agreement, consumers will less likely to purchase products under that brand. One hundred seventy six team merchandise purchasers participated in the survey, and the data were analysed with confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling techniques. The finding that the three first-order constructs (i.e., brand image fit, brand quality fit, and brand functionality fit) well represented the second order construct, perceived brand fit, is noteworthy to explain specific examples of brand attributes in the context of cobranding. Sport marketers may benefit from understanding the purchase intention of ATM that is influenced by perceived brand fit and attitude toward cobranding. In addition, better comprehension of the co-branding relationship may help teams identify a manufacturing cobrand.
Quality-Adjusted Price and Quantity Indices for Pesticides

Quality-adjusted price indices are calculated for pesticides used on major crops in U.S. agriculture for 1967–92 using hedonic methods. Pesticide potency, hazardous characteristics, and persistence in the environment are used as quality characteristics. Separate hedonic functions are estimated for pesticides by end-use (crop) and major pesticide class. Price indices are aggregated using chained Tornqvist indices. Adjusted quantity indices are computed using pesticide expenditures. The adjusted price index rose steadily, reaching in 1992 around 2.5 times the level of 1968. Pesticide use at constant quality peaked in 1981 at a level substantially higher than the peak reached by the unadjusted index.
Enhancing general performance of folded cascode amplifier by recycling current

A modification to the conventional folded cascode transconductance amplifier is proposed. The proposed amplifier has the benefit of achieving a given set of design specifications while consuming a fraction of the power compared to the conventional folded cascode. Moreover, the proposed modification is robust even for low voltage applications.
A review of irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking

Abstract The aim of this review is to assess from the available data whether irradiation in PWR primary water can adversely affect the properties of stainless steels due to irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC). The following aspects are examined: (i) Irradiation damage of the material, (ii) The influence of water radiolysis. Since the irradiation damage processes are similar for both PWR and BWR systems, differences observed in the intergranular cracking properties of core components of both systems must be attributable to differences in the synergistic interactions with the coolant chemistry. These aspects are analysed in detail to determine to what extent BWR experience can be used to predict IASCC in PWR core components. Several related potential failure mechanisms are also reviewed such as radiation hardening, radiation creep and helium or hydrogen embrittlement. The probable role of some or all of these failure mechanisms in core component failures observed to date, and in experiments ostensibly designed to observe IASCC, is critically examined.
Developing spatially-aware content management systems for dynamic, location-specific information in mobile environments

Current location-aware information systems lack an effective method of maintaining and updating dynamic, location-specific content. We have developed a design for representing location-specific content that balances flexibility and comprehensibility. We have developed a web-based content management system that implements this design. The system provides an easy-to-use interface to tie any form of media-such as text, pictures, audio, or video-to a location.This work is directly applicable to various forms of location-aware systems, such as tourist information, campus guides, and vehicular on-board navigation. Our work enhances these systems by providing a greater range of content and a more dynamic information base than is currently available in extant systems. We describe how our design allows end-users to easily contribute spatial data to these systems, while simultaneously providing structure to their contributions. Mobile users, utilizing WLAN hotspots in common, real-world environments, can greatly benefit from and easily contribute to location-aware information systems driven by spatially-aware content management systems.
Regards sur l’IHAF et la RHAF à l’époque de Groulx

Depuis son deces en 1967, la grande majorite des historiens quebecois ont marginalise Lionel Groulx, soulignant son role comme figure nationaliste mais minimisant celui qu'il a joue dans le developpement de la profession historique au Quebec. En sa qualite de fondateur de l'Institut d'histoire de l'Amerique francaise et de la Revue d'histoire de l'Amerique francaise, Groulx a ete percu comme un propagandiste peu interesse a encourager la recherche scientifique au Quebec. Neanmoins, le role de Groulx dans les affaires de l'Institut et de la RHAF est beaucoup plus complexe qu'on ne l'a ecrit. En me basant sur des documents tires des archives de l'Institut et qui n'avaient pas encore ete consultes, je me propose de presenter Groulx comme un historien desireux de faire oeuvre scientifique, tout en mettant de l'avant un certain nombre de points de vue. Comme president de l'Institut et directeur de la Revue, Groulx reflete bien les tensions entre les aspirations des historiens a expliquer objectivement le passe et leur tendance a promouvoir des representations marquees par la societe dans laquelle ils baignent.
Institutional constraints and subnational planning: Economic development in the United States

Abstract In order to illustrate how planning practice is influenced by the context in which it occurs, this paper explores subnational economic development planning in the U.S.A. Four aspects are considered: analytical practices, geographical scope, control issues, and strategic and theoretical tendencies.
Quickest change detection in multiple on-off processes

A Bayesian formulation of quickest change detection in multiple on-off processes is obtained within a decision-theoretic framework. For geometrically distributed busy and idle times, we show that the optimal joint design of channel switching and change detection has a simple threshold structure under a mild condition. Extensions to arbitrarily distributed busy and idle times, in particular, heavy tail distributions, are discussed. We show that this problem presents a fresh twist to the classic problem of quickest change detection that considers only one stochastic process. We demonstrate that the key to quickest change detection in multiple processes is to abandon the current process when its state is unlikely to change in the near future (as indicated by the measurements obtained so far) and seek opportunities in a new process to avoid realizations of long busy periods. This problem arises in spectrum opportunity detection in cognitive radio networks where a secondary user searches for idle channels in the spectrum.
Real-Time, Label-Free Detection of Biological Entities Using Nanowire-Based FETs

Nanowire (NW)-based FETs are promising devices with potential applications ranging from health monitoring to drug discovery. In fact, these devices have demonstrated the ability to detect a variety of analytes such as particular DNA sequences, cancer biomarkers, and larger entities such as viruses. These sensor devices have also been used to monitor enzymatic activities and study the behavior of potential drug molecules. The detection of the analytes occurs with high specificity and sensitivity in reasonably short time. Here, we review the recent literature produced in the field of NW FET biosensors. We elaborate on the parameters that ultimately influence device performance such as methods of NW production, device dimensionality, and active measurement conditions. Significant progress has been made in this field of technology; however, it is often difficult to compare literature reports due to differences in both measurement conditions and data analysis. The standardization of certain active measurement conditions, such as the ionic strength of the analyte solutions, and manipulation of data are proposed to facilitate comparison between different NW biosensors.
Addressing the threat of evidence-based practice to qualitative inquiry through increasing attention to quality: A discussion paper

The current evidence-based practice (EBP) movement in healthcare emphasizes that clinical decision making should be based on the "best evidence" available, preferably the findings of randomized clinical trials. Within this context qualitative research findings are considered to have little value and the old debate in nursing has been re-ignited related to whether qualitative versus quantitative research findings provides the best empirical evidence for nursing practice. In response to this crisis qualitative scholars have been called upon by leaders in the field to clarify for outsiders what qualitative research is and to be more explicit in pointing out the utility of qualitative research findings. In addition, attention to "quality" in qualitative research has been identified as an area worthy of renewed focus. Within this paper two key problems related to addressing these issues are reviewed: disagreement not only among "outsiders" but also some nursing scholars related to the definition of "qualitative research", and a lack of consensus related how to best address "rigor" in this type of inquiry. Based on this review a set of standard requirements for qualitative research published in nursing journals is proposed that reflects a uniform definition of qualitative research and an enlarged yet clearly articulated conceptualization of quality. The approach suggested provides a framework for developing and evaluating qualitative research that would have both defensible scholarly merit and heuristic value. This will help solidify the argument in favor of incorporating qualitative research findings as part of the empirical "evidence" upon which evidence-based nursing is founded.
Moving to inclusion: a socio‐cultural analysis of practice

Difference, like nature, calls forth possibilities for developing transformative relationships. According to Keller in 1985, ‘Difference thus invites a form of engagement and understanding that allows for the preservation of the individual. Self and other survive in a structural integrity?’ Moving towards inclusion requires that we consider teaching as relational where resources for joint actions emerge, promoting an awareness of possibility rather than an adherence to limitation. In this paper, I will argue that disability is a way of seeing the world via the social and cultural constructions that prioritise values and bias actions. My intent is that it furthers the on‐going inclusion debate, which at times has polarised positions into the non‐inclusion/inclusion camps. A social constructionist lens will be used to examine the underlying assumptions, beliefs, and resultant practices that describe how educators and students negotiate inclusive practices. As a complimentary focus, the medical and social mo...
Content Conversion and Generalisation on the Web: A Pattern Language.

Content conversion and generation is required by many interactive, web-based applications. Simplistic implementations of content converters, creators, and templates often cannot satisfy typical requirements such as high performance, end-user customizability, personalization, dynamic system updates, and integration with multiple channels. We present a pattern language resolving central forces in this context. A GENERIC CONTENT FORMAT can be used to integrate content from different supported content sources. PUBLISHER AND GATHERER are central instances to trigger back and forth conversion to the GENERIC CONTENT FORMAT, and to handle other central content management tasks such as c ache lookup and storage. Conversions are performed by CONTENT CONVERTERS. The patterns CONTENT CREATOR, CONTENT FORMAT TEMPLATES, and FRAGMENTS generate content on request. A CONTENT CACHE is used to store and retrieve the content in a central repository, and FRAGMENTS are the basic elements stored in the cache.
Minimizing the Output Voltage Ripple of a DC/DC Power Converter by Phase Locking

Reduced passives size and improved quality factor (Q) for an on-chip inductor can be achieved in a fully integrated DC/DC power converter by high frequency switching. This paper presents a high speed closed-loop buck converter that uses phase locking control system to reduce output voltage ripple. A closed-loop DC/DC power converter has been designed in a TSMC-0.25?m technology. The power converter takes a 3.3 V DC input and switches at 1.02 GHz to produce output voltage of 1.5 V and 1.8 V DC and stabilizes in less than 600 ns. Design equations and simulation results are presented.