cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Motility-dependence of the heterogenous staining of culture cells by a monoclonal anti-tropomyosin antibody.

A monoclonal antibody (CG1) which recog- nizes tropomyosin isoforms 1 and 3 of chicken embryo fibroblasts was used to detect what is a motility- dependent change in the availability of the antigenic determinant in tropomyosin molecules along microfila- ments. Immunofluorescence microscopy with this anti- body revealed a heterogenous staining pattern among chicken embryo fibroblasts cells such that a population (17%) of cells showed only background staining. Stress fibers in about half the population of the cells stained weakly with this antibody, while the stress fibers in another population of cells (35%) showed very strong staining. After glycerination or cytochalasin B treat- ment, all of the cells became positive in reaction to CG1 antibody, suggesting that the antigenic deter- minant was present in every cell. On the other hand, all of the cells after brief nonionic detergent treatment became negative to CG1 antibody. The CG1 staining pattern was not significantly changed in cells at differ- ent stages after release from colcemid blockage, nor was a brief treatment of cells with buffer containing 2 M urea, mild trypsin, chymotrypsin, or V.8 protease effective in changing the reactivity. However, most of the cells with a morphology typical of movement, and all of the contracted, glycerinated cells were strongly positive to CG1 antibody. These results suggest that the unmasking of the CG1 determinant may be motility-dependent. Immunoblot analysis showed that forced modification on the cysteine residue of tropomyosin molecules, caused either by performic acid oxidation or by disulfide cross-linking with the chemical 5,5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoate), results in drastic changes in the reactivity of the different iso- forms to CG1 antibody. These results indicate that the cysteine residue is involved in the CG1 determinant.
Precipitation of Heart Failure following Sudden Withdrawal of Hydralazine

Sudden withdrawal of oral therapy with hydralazine for reduction of afterload in a patient precipitated severe congestive heart failure. Signs of metabolic encephalopathy evolved due to low cardiac output. Reinstitution of therapy with hydralazine resulted in prompt improvement in cardiac and neurologic status. This case underscores the need for careful follow-up of such patients and argues against sudden withdrawal of vasodilator therapy.
Cooperative Control of UAVs for Localization of Intermittently Emitting Mobile Targets

Compared with a single platform, cooperative autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer efficiency and robustness in performing complex tasks. Focusing on ground mobile targets that intermittently emit radio frequency signals, this paper presents a decentralized control architecture for multiple UAVs, equipped only with rudimentary sensors, to search, detect, and locate targets over large areas. The proposed architecture has in its core a decision logic which governs the state of operation for each UAV based on sensor readings and communicated data. To support the findings, extensive simulation results are presented, focusing primarily on two success measures that the UAVs seek to minimize: overall time to search for a group of targets and the final target localization error achieved. The results of the simulations have provided support for hardware flight tests.
Ectopic tubal pregnancy after hysterectomy and tubal ligation

Posthysterectomy ectopic pregnancy is an unusual condition that may present soon after hysterectomy or several years later. Similarly, although tubal ligation is a widespread method of contraception, tubal pregnancy after tubal ligation is not common either. If any of these conditions are rare, having an ectopic pregnancy after hysterectomy and tubal ligation is even more infrequent and only one of such cases was found in our review of the literature. We describe the case of a 35-year-old patient, with history of bilateral tubal ligation and vaginal hysterectomy that looked for medical attention due to abdominal pain. A pregnancy test was positive and a transvaginal ultrasound demonstrated the presence of a gestational sac at the vaginal cuff, adjacent to the ovary. An exploratory laparotomy showed a ruptured ectopic pregnancy located in the distal portion of the left fallopian tube. The occurrence of an ectopic pregnancy several years following tubal ligation and vaginal hysterectomy is a rare phenomenon that appears to be secondary to a fistulous connection into the peritoneal cavity.
Teamwork, communication and safety climate: a systematic review of interventions to improve surgical culture

Objectives To define the target domains of culture-improvement interventions, to assess the impact of these interventions on surgical culture and to determine whether culture improvements lead to better patient outcomes and improved healthcare efficiency. Background Healthcare systems are investing considerable resources in improving workplace culture. It remains unclear whether these interventions, when aimed at surgical care, are successful and whether they are associated with changes in patient outcomes. Methods PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched from January 1980 to January 2015. We included studies on interventions that aimed to improve surgical culture, defined as the interpersonal, social and organisational factors that affect the healthcare environment and patient care. The quality of studies was assessed using an adapted tool to focus the review on higher-quality studies. Due to study heterogeneity, findings were narratively reviewed. Findings The 47 studies meeting inclusion criteria (4 randomised trials and 10 moderate-quality observational studies) reported on interventions that targeted three domains of culture: teamwork (n=28), communication (n=26) and safety climate (n=19); several targeted more than one domain. All moderate-quality studies showed improvements in at least one of these domains. Two studies also demonstrated improvements in patient outcomes, such as reduced postoperative complications and even reduced postoperative mortality (absolute risk reduction 1.7%). Two studies reported improvements in healthcare efficiency, including fewer operating room delays. These findings were supported by similar results from low-quality studies. Conclusions The literature provides promising evidence for various strategies to improve surgical culture, although these approaches differ in terms of the interventions employed as well as the techniques used to measure culture. Nevertheless, culture improvement appears to be associated with other positive effects, including better patient outcomes and enhanced healthcare efficiency. Trial registration number CRD42013005987.
A Practical Approach to Determining When to expand and When to Stabilize

A successful young firm experiencing rapid sales growth can suddenly encounter declining profits due to decreasing contribution margins because of production capacity limitations. Expansion is not an automatic solution because it increases fixed costs and raises the first breakeven point . This paper is designed to provide strategies for planning for the combined effects fixed costs, variable costs, revenues and sales will have on profits if additional sales growth is attempted . Rapidly increasing variable production costs signal the need to consider expansion, but product demand strength and life cycle stage affect the decision. Either of these can be respon­ sible for declining contribution margins resulting in lower than anticipated profits at higher sales levels . Because of higher fixed costs caused by expansion , the business cannot return to sales levels that were profitable before the expansion. Why is it possible for a prosperous small business experiencing rapid sales growth to begin encountering declining profits even though sales continue to increase? Traditional breakeven analysis illustrated in Exhibit I implies a path of "smooth sailing" once a firm is able to generate sufficient volume to reach the critical "breakeven" hurdle. In fact, this concept has been a major source of deception because it implies that the only requirement for an increase in profits is an increase in sales. Unfortunately, the inexperienced entrepreneur tends to view the sales volume/profit relationship in this simplistic manner, forgetting about two key limitations of linear breakeven analysis. Total revenue is depicted as a straight line based on the assumption that prices of products sold do not change regardless of volume, while total cost is shown as a straight line based on the assumption that variable cost per unit sold is constant and is not affected by the level of sales (11 ).
Solving Environmental Decision-making: A Case Study of Ground-level Ozone

For some environmental problems, the federal government is too large a scale for determining solutions; yet states are too small because the problems extend beyond individual states' borders. In those cases, regional decision-making may offer advantages. This paper examines two recent efforts to use regional decision-making to reduce the emissions that create ground-level ozone (a key ingredient in smog). We focus on the strengths and weaknesses of those regional approaches and highlight factors that would likely lead to their success or failure in other contexts.
Loss of Intra-Epithelial Endocervical Gamma Delta (GD) 1 T Cells in HIV-Infected Women.

Problem Human gamma delta (GD) T cells play a well-documented role in epithelial barrier surveillance and protection. Two subsets of GD T cells, defined by the use of either the Vdelta2 (GD2) or Vdelta1 (GD1) TCR, predominate. We hypothesized that endocervical GD T cells play important role in lower genital tract anti-HIV immune responses. Method of study HIV-infected (n = 18) and HIV-uninfected (n = 19) pre-menopausal women participating in the WIHS cohort were recruited. Frequency and phenotype of GD T cells were determined in endocervical cytobrush samples and peripheral blood by multicolor flow cytometry. Results We found depletion of GD2 cells in the blood of HIV-infected women as well as significant decrease in the frequency of endocervical GD1 cells compared to uninfected women. Conclusion We report for the first time, the GD1 cells are a predominant endocervical T-cell subset that is significantly decreased in HIV-infected women.
Patient-centred bedside rounds—exploring patient preferences before patient-centred care

Dear Editor, It was with great interest that we read the study of O’Leary et al 1 published in the December issue of the journal and were quite surprised by their findings that patient centred rounds had no impact on patients’ perceptions of shared decision making, activation and satisfaction with care. Previous studies have shown that patients prefer their rounding team conduct rounds at the bedside2–5 and based on these studies, one would expect that if bedside rounds were conducted, patients would feel more satisfied with their care and be more engaged in medical decision making compared with other forms of rounding. The findings of this study do make …
Effect of protease inhibitor therapy on glucose intolerance in pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE:To determine if protease inhibitor use was associated with increased glucose intolerance in our population of pregnant women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).METHODS:Women who were infected with HIV from January 1, 1998, to January 8, 2004, and who had a 1-hour and 3-ho
Catalytic Hydrolysis of Cellulose to Glucose Using Weak-Acid Surface Sites on Postsynthetically Modified Carbon

We demonstrate depolymerization of adsorbed (1 → 4)- β-d-glucans (β-glu) derived from crystalline cellulose (Avicel), using weak-acid sites of postsynthetically surface-functionalized mesoporous carbon nanoparticle (MCN) catalysts HT5-HSO3-MCN and COOH-MCN and investigate the role of acid-site density and β-glu molecular weight on this depolymerization. Both HT5-HSO3-MCN and COOH-MCN hydrolyze adsorbed β-glu strands and afford glucose yields of 73% and 90%, respectively, at a buffered pH of 2.0 after 3 h treatment at 180 °C. These yields are significantly higher than the 16% yield of an unfunctionalized MCN-control catalyst under otherwise identical conditions, demonstrating the importance of postsynthetic surface functionalization for achieving weak-acid catalytic hydrolysis. Highlighting the important role of confinement in this catalysis, all yields are generally depressed when using a lower rather than higher molecular weight of adsorbed β-glu strands on the same catalyst. The catalytic hydrolysis rat...
Integrated Control of Codling Moth on Pears in California: A Practical Consideration Where Moth Activity is Under Surveillance

Live female sex pheromone traps were used in 1969 to monitor the seasonal activity of Laspeyresia pomonella (L.) in field tests on pears at San Jose, Calif. Treatments for control of codling moth were timed according to these trap catches. The experiment sought to determine whether timing of applications in this way might allow the use of applications of less than standard efficacy against codling moth and whether such applications might be better suited to an integrated control program. Codling moth population pressure was very high and infestation of fruit at harvest was inversely related to dosage of azinphosmethyl. However, promising degrees of control were provided by a rate of azinphosmethyl as low as 1 oz active ingredient per 100 gallons. Addition of Volck Supreme® oil to azinphosmethyl or Gardona® (2-chloro-1-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) vinyl dimethyl phosphate) reduced efficacy against codling moth but increased the degree of control of pear psylla, Psylla pyricola Foerster, and phytophagous mites. There were no apparent differences in control of pear psylla between 3 rates of azinphosmethyl tested. A distinct advantage in the use of the lowest dosage of azinphosmethyl was less severe buildup in populations of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), and the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. Fundal SP® ( N′ - (4-chloro- o -tolyl)- N,N -dimethylformamidine hydrochloride), was not very effective against codling moth under the population levels encountered. It was, however, about as active as the oil combinations for control of pear psylla and mites.
Optical properties of (Pb,Eu)Te thin films and superlattices

Photoluminescence, transmission, and reflectance measurements have yielded information about the states defining an optical gap in thin films and superlattices based on the (Pb,Eu)Te system, including the limit of high Eu concentration. Magneto-optical measurements show the presence of finite spin exchange processes at low Eu-concentrations.
DDT-Resistance of the Colorado Potato Beetle

Field observations in the Red River Valley of Minnesota and North Dakota indicated some resistance of the Colorado potato beetle ( Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)) to DDT as early as 1952 and 1953. This indication of resistance has been supported by determining the toxicity levels of injected DDT to adult beetles collected from two widely separated areas. Beetles were taken from the Red River Valley where resistance is apparent and from Belleville, Ontario, Canada where no DDT or chlorinated hydrocarbons have been used. The Minnesota beetles tolerated large doses of DDT. The LD-50 value was greater than 3000 micrograms per gram of body weight. The Canadian beetles were more susceptible, and the LD-50 values were 322 and 435 micrograms per gram for males and females, respectively. Since Dimite used in combination with DDT did not produce any detectable difference from DDT used alone, the results did not provide any due as to the mechanism of the resistance.
Potential Influence of Salamanders and Coarse Woody Debris on the Distribution of Dryopteris intermedia in a Hardwood Forest

Abstract Dryopteris intermedia (Common Wood Fern) is more associated with coarse woody debris (CWD) than the surrounding forest floor. Along with microsite-based establishment benefits, dispersal vectors may facilitate this distribution. Some salamanders are associated with CWD and may serve as dispersal agents for spores of the Common Wood Fern. In a deciduous forest of south-central New York State, we assessed the ability of Plethodon cinereus (Red-backed Salamander) and Notophthalmus viridescens (Eastern Newt) to pick up and transport spores and sori fragments from the dorsal side of the frond, and rinsed salamanders to collect and germinate any viable spores from their bodies. We also measured the moisture content of soft CWD, soil beneath hard CWD, and background soil. Both salamander species picked up reproductive components of Common Wood Fern. Wild-caught salamanders of both species had viable spores on their bodies. Soft CWD held more moisture than soil beneath hard CWD and the forest-floor soil....
The effects of floor temperature, supplemental heat and drying at birth on neonatal swine

The objective was to determine the effects of floor temperature (20 or 30 C), supplemental heat (heat lamp or light bulb) and drying at birth on piglet survival to day 5. Rectal and infrared skin temperatures were taken on 326 piglets for the first 8 hr postpartum. Blood samples were obtained at birth, day 2 and day 5 and analyzed for thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and cortisol by radioimmunoassay. Weight of each pig was recorded at birth and on days 1, 2, and 5. Survival rates were monitored daily. It was postulated that piglets not dried at birth might have increased heat conservation because of vasoconstriction, which may increase the thermostability and survival of the neonate. Supplemental heat was the only treatment that increased rectal temperature after 3 hr postpartum. Skin temperature at 1/2 and 1 hr was increased by drying, and supplemental heat resulted in elevated skin temperatures from 5 to 8 hr postpartum. Plasma cortisol concentrations were elevated at 2 days of age among pigs not given supplemental heat, but no differences were detected at 5 days of age. Plasma T4 concentrations at 5 days of age were lower among male pigs, pigs on the 30 C floor and pigs given supplemental heat. No significant treatment effects were noted in T3 values at day 5. Pig weights and survival rate at 5 days of age were influenced by the interaction of floor temperature and drying pigs at birth. Pigs dried at birth and kept on the 20 C floor were heavier than those on the 30 C floor, whereas those not dried and kept on the 20 C floor weighed less than those on the 30 C floor. The rate of survival was significantly lower among pigs dried at birth and kept on the 20 C floor than among those not dried and on the 30 C floor (80.9 vs 97.2%), while drying had no effect on survival rate among pigs on the 30 C floor (94.5 vs 93.1%).
Postnatal maturation of rabbit renal collecting duct. II. Morphological observations.

The renal collecting duct exhibits cellular heterogeneity. An ultrastructural analysis of this nephron segment during maturation has been performed to determine morphological characteristics of developing principal and intercalated cells (IC). Apical surface features and cytoplasmic ultrastructure were best revealed by scanning electron microscopy and by transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Morphological maturity was assessed by comparing measurements of apical perimeter, vesicular profiles, and mitochondrial volume percent. In mature cortical collecting duct (CCD), approximately 30% of total cells were rich in mitochondria and generally dark in matrix staining, i.e., IC. Most IC in outer cortex were microvillated, whereas in inner cortex most IC were microplicated with interspersed microvilli. Only approximately 16% of cells in outer medullary collecting duct (OMCD, outer stripe) were IC, with light cytoplasm and large protruding apical surfaces covered exclusively with microplicae. Neonatal CCDs showed no IC in outer cortex; a single type of principal-like cell was found in outer cortical region. Neonatal IC in both CCDs and OMCDs showed smaller apical perimeters, vesicular volumes, and mitochondrial volume percents than did mature IC. Whereas the number of cortical IC was reduced in the newborn, IC were present in mature numbers in OMCD and appeared relatively more mature than did IC of CCD. Some (approximately 10%) of IC in neonatal CCD did not show an identifiable apical surface pattern. Principal cells from both newborn CCD and OMCD were also morphometrically immature. It is clear that the neonatal collecting duct undergoes postnatal proliferation and differentiation.
The Truman Proclamation on the Continental Shelf

This chapter examines the effect of U.S. President Harry S. Truman’s executive order on September 28, 1945, proclaiming that the resources on the continental shelf contiguous to the United States belonged to the United States. This was a radical departure from the existing approach, under which the two basic principles of the law of the sea had been a narrow strip of coastal waters under the exclusive sovereignty of the coastal state and an unregulated area beyond that known as the high seas. The speed at which Truman’s continental shelf concept was recognized through emulation or acquiescence led Sir Hersch Lauterpacht to declare in 1950 that it represented virtually “instant custom.” This chapter focuses on the confluence of postwar economic needs and technological changes that made this accelerated formation of customary international law concerning the continental shelf possible. Customary International Law of the Sea prior to the Truman Proclamation Prior to conclusion of the 1958 Law of the Sea Conventions, this area of law was governed mainly by custom. The Romans considered the seas as res communis – belonging to everyone, and therefore open to use but not appropriation. After the fall of Rome, state practice tended toward an alternate approach, treating the seas as res nullius – belonging to no one, and therefore open to claim. This approach reached its zenith in 1493, when the major powers of the day, Spain and Portugal, purported to divide most of the world’s oceans between them, claiming exclusive navigation rights in a joint act of appropriation ratified by Pope Alexander VI.
chapter 38 – ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS

This chapter discusses the principles of electro-magnetic waves and presents Maxwell's equations. Maxwell brought together the four basic laws governing electric and magnetic fields. He modified Ampere's law and achieved a unified theory of electric and magnetic phenomena. The four basic laws are known as Maxwell's equations. Maxwell found that these four equations have wave-like solutions and showed that the speed of electro-magnetic waves equals the speed of light. This led him to conclude that light is an electromagnetic wave. Therefore, Maxwell's research not only united electricity and magnetism; it also laid a theoretical foundation for many optical phenomena. The chapter recounts the history of the particle and wave theories of light. It is suggested that electromagnetic waves should exist and that they should be transverse waves. Modern forms of Maxwell's equations are presented and it has been verified that they have wavelike solutions. Maxwell's equations have been used to show that the speed of electro-magnetic waves equals the speed of light.
A Demonstration of TouchLight, an Imaging Touch Screen and Display for Gesture-Based Interaction

A novel touch screen technology is presented. TouchLight uses simple image processing techniques to combine the output of two video cameras placed behind a semi-transparent plane in front of the user. The resulting image shows objects that are on the plane. This technique is well suited for application with a commercially available projection screen material (DNP HoloScreen) which permits projection onto a transparent sheet of acrylic plastic in normal indoor lighting conditions. The resulting touch screen display system transforms an otherwise normal sheet of acrylic plastic into a high bandwidth input/output surface suitable for gesture-based interaction.
Endotracheal Intubation with the King Laryngeal Tube™ In Situ Using Video Laryngoscopy and a Bougie: A Retrospective Case Series and Cadaveric Crossover Study

Abstract Background Removal of a functioning King laryngeal tube (LT) prior to establishing a definitive airway increases the risk of a "can't intubate, can't oxygenate" scenario. We previously described a technique utilizing video laryngoscopy (VL) and a bougie to intubate around a well-seated King LT with the balloons deflated; if necessary, the balloons can be rapidly re-inflated and ventilation resumed. Objective Our objective is to provide preliminary validation of this technique. Methods Emergency physicians performed all orotracheal intubations in this two-part study. Part 1 consisted of a historical analysis of VL recordings from emergency department (ED) patients intubated with the King LT in place over a two-year period at our institution. In Part 2, we analyzed VL recordings from paired attempts at intubating a cadaver, first with a King LT in place and then with the device removed, with each physician serving as his or her own control. The primary outcome for all analyses was first-pass success. Results There were 11 VL recordings of ED patients intubated with the King LT in place (Part 1) and 11 pairs of cadaveric VL recordings (Part 2). The first-pass success rate was 100% in both parts. In Part 1, the median time to intubation was 43 s (interquartile range [IQR] 36–60 s). In Part 2, the median time to intubation was 23 s (IQR 18–35 s) with the King LT in place and 17 s (IQR 14–18 s) with the King LT removed. Conclusions Emergency physicians successfully intubated on the first attempt with the King LT in situ . The technique described in this proof-of-concept study seems promising and merits further validation.
Linking dietary patterns with gut microbial composition and function

Emerging insights have implicated the gut microbiota as an important factor in the maintenance of human health. Although nutrition research has focused on how direct interactions between dietary co...
Modeling Negotiations Over Water and Ecosystem Management: Uncertainty and Political Viability

Modeling Negotiations Over Water and Ecosystem Management: Uncertainty and Political Viability
An equivalent complex permeability model for litz-wire windings

Previous methods for calculating power loss in litz-wire windings usually assume very fine strands such that the diameter of strands is much smaller than skin depth. In this paper, we present a method for calculating proximity-effect loss in litz-wire windings. This method uses an equivalent complex permeability model of the winding to describe the proximity effect. We first obtain a permeability model for litz-wire bundles, then use homogenization techniques to find the average permeability of a winding. Permeability models are provided for bundles consisting either rectangularly packed or hexagonally-packed strands. The permeability model enables high-accuracy proximity-effect loss analysis and field analysis for litz-wire windings at high frequencies. It can also be used to find the leakage inductances in magnetic components.
KONFIGURASI KEAMANAN JARINGAN KOMPUTER PADA ROUTER DENGAN METODE ACL’S

Abstract — At this time, technological developments is getting quickly, includes all aspects of life, especially the development of information and technology. This development is due to the application of flexible technology making it easier for everyone to access and share information. The computer network is one way of application of information technology that growing rapidly. Today almost every company uses a computer network to communicate with those who need to give access permissions. In communicating on the network, it takes a network control device such as a router. A router manages of data communication paths in a network such as managing access to a form of resources and set the course of data communications. The settings permissions using access method (ACL) on each network. The ACL consists of rules and conditions that define the network traffic associated where every user will be given access rights according to the proportion, whether is allowed to pass or rejected. It is useful for the security of confidential information on the network. In this paper a router configuration is simulated with Packet Tracer simulation software. Intisari — Pada saat ini perkembangan teknologi semakin pesat, mencakup segala aspek kehidupan terutama perkembangan informasi dan teknologi. Perkembangan ini disebabkan penerapan teknologi yang fleksibel sehingga memudahkan setiap orang untuk mengakses dan berbagi informasi. Jaringan komputer merupakan salah satu cara penerapan teknologi informasi yang berkembang cepat. Dewasa ini hampir setiap perusahaan menggunakan jaringan komputer untuk berkomunikasi dengan pihak-pihak yang membutuhkan dengan memberikan izin akses. Dalam berkomunikasi pada jaringan, dibutuhkan sebuah perangkat pengontrol jaringan seperti router. Router mengatur jalur komunikasi data dalam jaringan seperti mengatur hak akses terhadap suatu bentuk sumber informasi dan mengatur jalannya komunikasi data. Pengaturan hak akses yang akan digunakan menggunakan Metode Access List (ACL) pada tiap jaringan. ACL terdiri atas aturan-aturan dan kondisi yang menentukan trafik jaringan dimana setiap user yang berhubungan akan diberikan hak akses sesuai dengan proporsinya, apakah diizinkan untuk lewat atau ditolak. Hal ini berguna untuk keamanan kerahasiaan informasi pada jaringan. Dalam paper ini konfigurasi router disimulasikan dengan software simulasi Packet Tracer. Kata Kunci — Konfigurasi kemanan jaringan, Paket Tracer, Metode ACL(Accessed List).
System Design, Redesign for Decentralised Control

Abstract This paper considers the design, redesign of the control structure aiming at facilitating the design of decentralised control schemes. This implies changing the selection of inputs, outputs, as well as their coupling (selection of decentralisation structure) that will allow the solvability of a variety of decentralised control problems, such as pole assignment be decentralised output feedback, decentralised dynamic controllers etc. The overall approach is based on the use of necessary and sufficient conditions for generic and exact solvability of decentralised control problems, which are expressed in terms of properties defined on system invariants
The [3+2] cycloaddition reaction in CpRu(allyl)(acetylene)

The transition metal-mediated coupling of allyl and alkyne ligands to yield cyclopentadienyl and pentadienyl compounds has been studied theoretically using M06 DFT calculations using CpRu(allyl)(acetylene) as a representative example. We find that the first step in the mechanism is the formation of a 16-electron α, π-vinyl olefin intermediate, whereas the alternative, least-motion 3+2 cycloaddition via a concerted process was calculated to lie at a prohibitively high energy and has the characteristics of a symmetry forbidden reaction. The 3+2 concerted path is shown to be unlikely for η3-allyl complexes in general. There are two competing mechanisms, which lead to Cp2Ru + H2 or CpRu(η5-pentadienyl). The pentadienyl product is predicted to form by either the rearrangement of the α, π-vinyl olefin complex or an electrocyclic ring opening of a cyclopentadiene intermediate. The alternative mechanism involves a ring closure of the α, π-vinyl olefin intermediate to yield CpRu(H)(cyclopentadiene). Four mechanistic scenarios were investigated for the reductive elimination of H2 to give Cp2Ru. The lowest energy process occurs via CpRu(H)2(η3-Cp). The other three possibilities are symmetry forbidden. It is shown that the partitioning of pentadienyl versus cyclopentadienyl products depends on the electronic characteristics of the metal. As the transition metal becomes more electron rich, the pathway to the pentadienyl product becomes more favored. Calculations on CpCo(π-allyl)(acetylene)+ and CpTc(π-allyl)(acetylene)− are in agreement with this hypothesis.
Recent developments in systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis and applications for therapy.

Purpose of review Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis is complex. Aberrancies of immune function that previously were described but not well understood are now becoming better characterized, in part through recognition of monogenic cases of lupus-like disease. Recent findings We highlight here recent descriptions of metabolic dysfunction, cytokine dysregulation, signaling defects, and DNA damage pathways in SLE. Specifically, we review the effects of signaling abnormalities in mammalian target of rapamycin, Rho kinase, Bruton's tyrosine kinase, and Ras pathways. The importance of DNA damage sensing and repair pathways, and their influence on the overproduction of type I interferon in SLE are also reviewed. Summary Recent findings in SLE pathogenesis expand on previous understandings of broad immune dysfunction. These findings have clinical applications, as the dysregulated pathways described here can be targeted by existing and preclinical therapies.
Explosives Detection Personnel Portals

Publisher Summary This chapter provides a brief review about explosive detection personnel portals. The presence of an explosive on a body can be characterized by two individual forms — by bulk and trace. The bulk form is an amount of actual explosives of some macroscopic mass quantity located on the person or on the area. A trace form explosive consists that remains on the person when he or she has been next to an explosive or has some mass of explosive concealed on his or her person. The main detection group is locating the ultimate bulk explosive by methods, such as a physical search or X-ray backscatter, millimeter-wave, and low-power microwave. The subsequent exposure category offers notification that outlines explosive remains existing on the person. This information can be offered to personnel; one can question the person and execute a corporeal hunt to conclude the position of the real explosive. Some detection technique such as a physical search presents an elevated possibility of recognizing the existence of an explosive, but suffers from being invasive and time-consuming.
Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of Gold(l) Complexes

Transition metal complexes with an open-shell configuration (d n , n < 10) have received considerable attention for their interesting photophysical properties. The binuclear metal-metal bonded complexes of RhI, IrI, and PtII display rich photochemistry.1 One example of particular interest is the PtII complex, [Pt2(H2P2O5)4]4−, which has an excited state that is better oxidant and reductant than its ground state,2 and undergoes facile atom-transfer reactions with a variety of organic substrates.3 However, perhaps the most extensively studied transition metal complexes in this area are based on [Ru(bpy)3]2+, bpy = bipyridine. The complexes have been used in the study of both electron and energy transfer reactions and contributed a great deal to the understanding of photochemistry in inorganic systems.4
Adaptive Multi-Carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) Structure for Downlink PCS

Conventional multi-user Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) suffers from the well-known near-far problem. Both the conventional decorrelator and an adaptive separator termed Bootstrap algorithm were used to mitigate this problem and obtain near-far resistant receivers. Nevertheless, those approaches still require the knowledge of which users are active and their respective powers. Eliminating this requirement is advantageous for downlink communication as we are only interested in one desired user. Furthermore, in a multipath environment the use of the RAKE receiver adds to the complexity. A transmission method called Multi-Carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) uses multiple narrowband subcarriers and as a result the channel is flat-fading at each sub carrier. However, due to frequency selective fading the fading at adjacent subcarriers will be correlated. We propose a downlink MC-CDMA communication system which has a special structure and requires less complex hardware at the receiver. The performance of this system is analyzed and simulation results are obtained for the AWGN channel and the Rayleigh fading channel with and without correlation between the subcarriers.
Human-centered CBR: integrating case-based reasoning with knowledge construction and extension

Human-centered computing studies methods to improve the interactions and performance of combined human/machine systems. Case-based reasoning provides a natural method for supporting knowledge capture and access in such systems. However, the human-centered approach raises numerous questions about how best to address variations in individual human needs. These questions include how to reflect individual perspectives, how to adjust to changing task contexts, and how each part of the combined system can help to extend the capabilities of the other. This talk describes ongoing research addressing these questions in the context of case-based support for human knowledge modeling and construction.
Contiguous US summer maximum temperature and heat stress trends in CRU and NOAA Climate Division data plus comparisons to reanalyses

Warming is a major climate change concern, but the impact of high maximum temperatures depends upon the air's moisture content. Trends in maximum summertime temperature, moisture, and heat index are tracked over three time periods: 1900-2011, 1950-2011, and 1979-2011; these trends differ notably from annual temperature trends. Trends are emphasized from two CRU datasets (CRUTS3.25 and CRUTS4.01) and two reanalyses (ERA-20C and 20CRv2). Maximum temperature trends tend towards warming that is stronger over the Great Lakes, the interior western and the northeastern contiguous United States. A warming hole in the Midwest generally decreases in size and magnitude when heat stress trends are calculated because the region has increasing moisture. CRU and nearly all reanalyses find cooling in the northern high plains that is not found in NOAA Climate Division trends. These NOAA trends are captured better by CRUTS401. Moistening in the northeast amplifies the heat stress there. Elsewhere the moisture trends are less clear. Drying over northern Texas (after 1996) in CRUTS401 translates into decreasing heat stress there (less so in CRUTS325). Though other reanalyses are not intended for long-term trends, MERRA-2 and ERA-Interim match observed trends better than other reanalyses.
Abstract 1655: Discovery and development of IACS-010759, a novel inhibitor of Complex I currently in phase I studies to exploit oxidative phosphorylation dependency in acute myeloid leukemia and solid tumors

Over the past few years we and others reported that specific populations of tumor cells including AML, subsets of lymphoma, glioblastoma, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), melanoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are highly dependent upon oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to meet their energy and biomass needs. Inhibition of OXPHOS in the context of these dependent tumor populations represents therefore an exciting therapeutic opportunity. Through an extensive medicinal chemistry campaign we discovered IACS-010759, a potent, selective small molecule inhibitor of complex I of the mitochondria electron transport chain that possesses excellent pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacologic properties, making it suitable for clinical development. We advanced IACS-010759 through IND studies and have recently initiated Phase I studies in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and advanced solid tumors and lymphomas (NCT02882321 and NCT03291938). In this presentation we will describe the identification of a novel series of Complex I inhibitors and their optimization into the clinical candidate compound IACS-010759. Several challenges were successfully overcome, including the optimization of the pharmacokinetic profile and the identification of inhibitors with minimal activity shift across preclinical species, thus enabling a thorough evaluation of the efficacy and toxicology profile. Aspects of the extensive translational research conducted to elucidate the mechanism of action of IACS-010759 and to position it into the clinic will be discussed, including the compelling pharmacological response observed in multiple PDX models of primary AML, and PDX xenograft models of lymphoma, TNBC, glioblastoma, melanoma and PDAC. The observed response was associated with robust pharmacodynamic read-out as assessed by modulation of oxygen consumption rate (OCR), aspartate and specific transcriptional changes. The presentation will also cover the preclinical development activities which resulted in IACS-010759 advancing into on-going phase 1 evaluation in AML and solid tumors. Citation Format: Maria Emilia Di Francesco, Joseph R. Marszalek, Timothy McAfoos, Christopher L. Carroll, Zhijun Kang, Gang Liu, Jay P. Theroff, Jennifer P. Bardenhager, Madhavi L. Bandi, Jennifer R. Molina, Sonal Gera, Marina Protopopova, Yuting Sun, Mary K. Geck Do, Ningping Feng, Jason P. Gay, Florian Muller, Marina Konopleva, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Carlo Toniatti, Timothy P. Heffernan, Giulio F. Draetta, Philip Jones. Discovery and development of IACS-010759, a novel inhibitor of Complex I currently in phase I studies to exploit oxidative phosphorylation dependency in acute myeloid leukemia and solid tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1655.
Electrification mechanism of corona charged organic electrets

This paper developed a comprehensive model which can fully explain the surface potential behavior of corona charged organic dielectric electrets. Compared to previous studies, both sides of the corona charged films were measured while they were grounded or free-standing. All films showed surface potential with the same magnitude, but opposite polarity on each side while they were measured with the other side grounded. This indicates that in contrast to the previous incomplete model, believing only the corona side containing injected charges, both sides should contain injected charges with the same magnitude but opposite polarity. This dipolar charge distribution is relatively stable and leads to a constant and controllable potential difference ΔV f between each side of the free-standing measured film. Interestingly, free-standing surface potential varied dramatically for films charged with the same parameters. This large variation is caused by the minor number of free charges, which is only ~0.1% of the corona induced dipolar charges. Therefore, in this model, dipolar charges control the surface potential difference between each side and the minor charges control the absolute value on a certain side. By manipulating them together, the surface potential on both sides can be precisely controlled.
Transcranial direct current stimulation facilitates response inhibition through dynamic modulation of the fronto-basal ganglia network

Abstract Background Response inhibition refers to the ability to stop an on-going action quickly when it is no longer appropriate. Previous studies showed that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied with the anode over the right inferior frontal cortex (rIFC), a critical node of the fronto-basal ganglia inhibitory network, improved response inhibition. However, the tDCS effects on brain activity and network connectivity underlying this behavioral improvement are not known. Objective This study aimed to address the effects of tDCS applied with the anode over the rIFC on brain activity and network functional connectivity underlying the behavioral change in response inhibition. Methods Thirty participants performed a stop-signal task in a typical laboratory setting as a baseline during the first study visit (i.e., Session 1). In the second visit (at least 24 h after Session 1), all participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) scans before and after 1.5 mA tDCS (Anodal or Sham). Immediately following the post-tDCS rsfMRI, participants performed the same stop-signal task as in Session 1 during an event-related fMRI (efMRI) scan in a 3T scanner. Changes in task performance, i.e., the stop-signal response time (SSRT), a measure of response inhibition efficiency, was determined relative to the participants’ own baseline performance in Session 1. Results Consistent with previous findings, Anodal tDCS facilitated the SSRT. efMRI results showed that Anodal tDCS strengthened the functional connectivity between right pre-supplementary motor area (rPreSMA) and subthalamic nuclei during Stop responses. rsfMRI revealed changes in intrinsic connectivity between rIFC and caudate, and between rIFC, rPreSMA, right inferior parietal cortex (rIPC), and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) after Anodal tDCS. In addition, corresponding to the regions of rsfMRI connectivity change, the efMRI BOLD signal in the rDLPFC and rIPC during Go responses accounted for 74% of the variance in SSRT after anodal tDCS, indicating an effect of tDCS on the Go-Stop process. Conclusion These results indicate that tDCS with the anode over the rIFC facilitates response inhibition by modulating neural activity and functional connectivity in the fronto-basal ganglia as well as rDLPFC and rIPC as an integral part of the response inhibition network.
Body mass index and persistence of conventional DMARDs and TNF inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVES Obese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may be more likely to discontinue therapy than non-obese patients, possibly signifying a more refractory phenotype. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between body mass index (BMI) and discontinuation rates for different RA treatments accounting for confounding factors. METHODS Veterans Affairs administrative databases were used to define initial courses of methotrexate (MTX), hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine, prednisone, and self-injectable tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi). Discontinuation was defined as a lapse in drug refill >90 days. Using overweight BMI (25-30 kg/m2) as the referent group, multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate associations between BMI category and time to treatment discontinuation. RESULTS There were 46,970 initial RA treatment courses identified from 2005-2014 among 23,669 Veterans with RA. In multivariable models, severe obesity (BMI >35 kg/m2), compared to overweight BMI, was not associated with treatment discontinuation with the exception of prednisone [HR 1.10 (1.04, 1.17) p<0.001]. Patients with low (<20 kg/m2) and normal BMI (20-25 kg/m2) were more likely to discontinue MTX, TNFi, and HCQ compared to overweight patients. Other factors associated with earlier MTX and/or TNFi discontinuation included female sex, black race, greater comorbidity, depression, malignancy, congestive heart failure, current smoking, and more recent calendar year. CONCLUSIONS Obesity was not associated with therapy discontinuation among veterans with RA after accounting for confounding factors, suggesting that obesity is not a biological mediator of more refractory disease. Conversely, low BMI, comorbidity, and depression were identified as important predictors of drug discontinuation.
A PVC Geodesic Dome Planetarium

A planetarium is an invaluable tool for teaching introductory astronomy, but one that few astronomy educators have ready access to. Here we describe a do-it-yourself planetarium that can be built with modest funding. There have been other planetarium construction projects described in the literature and online, most of which use cardboard to make multiple faces, which are then fastened together to form a dome that serves as the planetarium projection surface. Our design uses a skeletal dome that supports a hemispherical cloth projection screen. A computer LCD projector, reflecting off a diverging half-dome security mirror on the interior edge of the dome base, serves as the starfield projector. The open-source sky simulation software Stellarium has the necessary features to pre-distort the sky image appropriately so that, after reflection from the diverging mirror, the dome is properly filled.