cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Non-invasive cardiovascular risk assessment in women with type 2 diabetes

This study assessed and compared carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes with that in postmenopausal women without type 2 diabetes and compared risk factors that contribute to increased carotid IMT in these groups of women. Carotid IMT, a non-invasive assessment of cardiovascular risk, was measured using high-resolution ultrasound in 20 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes and 20 postmenopausal women without type 2 diabetes who had no known coronary heart disease. Risk factors (age, race, family history, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, years past menopause, use of hormone replacement therapy, perceived level of physical activity, and body mass index) known to contribute to coronary heart disease were also assessed. Mean carotid IMT was .88 mm for women with type 2 diabetes compared with .74 mm for women without type 2 diabetes. There were no differences between groups in age, race, cholesterol, and perceived level of physical activity. Women with type 2 diabetes, however, reported more hypertension ( P = .004), greater body mass index ( P = .026), and less use of hormone replacement therapy ( P = .027). Of concern is that 10% of the women with diabetes had stenosis that required surgical intervention. Findings suggest that carotid IMT is a valid way to screen for cardiovascular risk, particularly in postmenopausal women who are at high risk for coronary heart disease. It may also be a feasible, non-invasive method for the detection and prevention of the macrovascular complications of diabetes.
Improved survival after heart failure: a community-based perspective.

Background Heart failure is a highly prevalent, morbid, and costly disease with a poor long-term prognosis. Evidence-based therapies utilized over the past 2 decades hold the promise of improved outcomes, yet few contemporary studies have examined survival trends in patients with acute heart failure. The primary objective of this population-based study was to describe trends in short- and long-term survival in patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). A secondary objective was to examine patient characteristics associated with decreased long-term survival. Methods and Results We reviewed the medical records of 9748 patients hospitalized with ADHF at all 11 medical centers in central Massachusetts during 1995, 2000, 2002, and 2004. Patients hospitalized with ADHF were more likely to be elderly and to have been diagnosed with multiple comorbidities in 2004 compared with 1995. Over this period, survival was significantly improved in-hospital, and at 1, 2, and 5 years postdischarge. Five-year survival rates increased from 20% in 1995 to 29% in 2004. Although survival improved substantially over time, older patients and patients with chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anemia, low body mass index, and low blood pressures had consistently lower postdischarge survival rates than patients without these comorbidities. Conclusion Between 1995 and 2004, patients hospitalized with ADHF have become older and increasingly comorbid. Although there has been a significant improvement in survival among these patients, their long-term prognosis remains poor, as fewer than 1 in 3 patients hospitalized with ADHF in 2004 survived more than 5 years.
The behavioral approach to treating obesity.

Behavioral determinants of obesity During the last 15 years, research has shown that genetics plays a role in determining how body weight is regulated; however, it is unlikely that genetics accounts for the significant increase in obesity that has occurred since 1980 in both children and adults. 3 Persons who move from less industrialized to more industrialized cultures experience a corresponding increase in body weight, which suggests behavior is an important factor in weight gain. The environment of industrialized nations promotes an increase in food intake and a decrease in physical activity. This combination, which leads to an imbalance, has led some experts to characterize the modern environment as being toxic to personal health. The tendency in affluent countries is to increase portion size, which leads to an increase in energy intake. In the United States, the prevailing sentiment among consumers that bbigger is better Q results in portion sizes 3 times greater than those recommended by the United States Department of Agriculture. Restaurants characteristically provide larger servings, and Americans on average eat outside their homes 2 to 4 times per week. It has been suggested that there is a cross-sectional, positive correlation between eating in restaurants and having a high body mass index. Restaurants offer significant financial inducements to entice consumers into ordering larger portions of food than they might have originally been inclined to order. Inducements such as bsupersize Q offers and ball -you-can-eat Q buffets may lead to a significant increase in food consumption. At a McDonald’s restaurant, for an additional charge of $0.64, it is possible to convert a medium-sized value meal to a supersized meal, a change that creates an increase of 1512 kJ. Such inducements may be especially compelling to those of lower socioeconomic status, among whom obesity is more prevalent. Unfortunately, the amount of energy expended during daily life has decreased in the past 15 years. This
PGE2 Activation of Apical Membrane Cl− Channels in A6 Epithelia: Impedance Analysis

Abstract Measurements of transepithelial electrical impedance of continuously short-circuited A6 epithelia were made at audio frequencies (0.244Hz to 10.45kHz) to investigate the time course and extent to which prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) modulates Cl − transport and apical membrane capacitance in this cell-cultured model epithelium. Apical and basolateral membrane resistances were determined by nonlinear curve-fitting of the impedance vectors at relatively low frequencies ( Biophys. J. 81:838–851) where depressed Nyquist impedance semicircles were characteristic of the membrane impedances under control Na + -transporting and amiloride-inhibited conditions. In all tissues (control, amiloride-blocked, and amiloride-blocked and furosemide-pretreated), PGE 2 caused relatively small ( μ A/cm 2 ) and rapid ( + transport through amiloride-sensitive epithelial Na + channels (ENaCs). Apical membrane capacitance was frequency-dependent with a Cole-Cole dielectric dispersion whose relaxation frequency was near 150Hz. Analysis of the time-dependent changes of the complex frequency-dependent equivalent capacitance of the cells at frequencies >1.5kHz revealed that the mean 9.8% increase of capacitance caused by PGE 2 was not correlated in time with activation of chloride conductance, but rather correlated with activation of apical membrane Na + transport.
Targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis Biotin Protein Ligase (MtBPL) with Nucleoside-Based Bisubstrate Adenylation Inhibitors

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), responsible for both latent and symptomatic tuberculosis (TB), remains the second leading cause of mortality among infectious diseases worldwide. Mycobacterial biotin protein ligase (MtBPL) is an essential enzyme in Mtb and regulates lipid metabolism through the post-translational biotinylation of acyl coenzyme A carboxylases. We report the synthesis and evaluation of a systematic series of potent nucleoside-based inhibitors of MtBPL that contain modifications to the ribofuranosyl ring of the nucleoside. All compounds were characterized by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and shown to bind potently with KDs ≤ 2 nM. Additionally, we obtained high-resolution cocrystal structures for a majority of the compounds. Despite fairly uniform biochemical potency, the whole-cell Mtb activity varied greatly with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 0.78 to >100 μM. Cellular accumulation studies showed a nearly 10-fold enhancement in accumulation of a C-2′-α analo...
Immersed Boundary/Continuum Methods

In the study of biological systems, the coupling of fluid and solid/structure plays an important role. Traditionally, staggered iterations are used to link available finite element codes with computational fluid dynamics codes. Although this procedure is convenient, complex dynamical system behaviors often get lost in the process. In order to derive corresponding system model reduction procedures, and more importantly, effectively and efficiently capture the system dynamical behaviors, we must solve fluid–solid interaction (FSI) systems simultaneously as a whole. Current development of immersed boundary/continuum methods has demonstrated the feasibility and potential in handling complex FSI systems with significant solid/structure motions. Since its inception, the immersed boundary method has been extended to a variety of problems. The initial application of this method is for very flexible structures for which time step restriction is not so severe. In current versions of immersed boundary methods, complex nonlinear structures can be represented by both elastic fiber and beam (rod) networks. In addition, sophisticated nonlinear solid models have also be introduced in immersed finite element formulations. The preliminary results of the implicit compressible immersed continuum method have shown that reasonable time steps can be used for stiff FSI systems. Moreover, it is possible to apply immersed boundary/continuum methods to compressible fluid flow problems. This chapter provides an overview of recent development of these immersed finite element methods.
Linkage studies in carriers of Lowe oculo-cerebro-renal syndrome

A black family with two male infants affected with the X-linked Lowe syndrome was studied. All three females in the pedigree were found to be carriers on the basis of lenticular opacities. Each female had one son. Of these, two were affected and one was unaffected. The Xg blood-group locus and the G6PD locus were determined in these six individuals. Two of the carrier females were heterozygous for G6PD isoenzymes A- and B. Skewing of the A-:B ratio in isolated erythrocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes, platelets, and cultured skin fibroblasts from these females may be the result of either selection against cells expressing the Lowe gene product or random X-chromosome inactivation. At least one instance of recombination was found between the G6PD and the Lowe syndrome loci. At least two instances of recombination between Xg blood-group and Lowe syndrome loci.
Early in reperfusion, leukocytes alter perfused coronary capillarity and vascular resistance

Myocardial no-reflow is a critical consequence of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Recent studies indicate that formed blood elements (e.g., leukocytes and platelets) contribute greatly to the compromise of myocardial blood flow that occurs after I/R. To assess the contributions of leukocytes and platelets to alterations in microvascular perfusion, we measured total coronary vascular resistance and perfused coronary capillary density before and after a 30-min period of no-flow ischemia in isolated rat hearts perfused with either 1) a Krebs-albumin-red cell solution [K(2)RBC]; 2) diluted whole blood (DWB) with Krebs (1:1); or 3) leukocyte-free DWB (LFB). We found that hearts perfused with K(2)RBC before ischemia demonstrated a significant decrease in perfused capillarity (-25%, P less than 0.05) after 25 min of reperfusion. Hearts perfused with LFB before ischemia exhibited a similar decrease in perfused capillarity (-33%, P less than 0.05) during reperfusion. However, in the DWB-perfused hearts, there was a 62% decrease in perfused capillarity (-62%, P less than 0.01) during reperfusion. Moreover, during reperfusion, total coronary vascular resistance was elevated significantly (+76%, P less than 0.01) in the DWB-perfused hearts but not in either the K(2)RBC or LFB groups. These results indicate that 1) platelets do not play a major role in alterations of microvascular perfusion after ischemia; 2) leukocytes are not requisite for the development of microvascular no-reflow early in reperfusion but their presence further exacerbates this deleterious effect; and 3) a relationship exists between perfused capillarity and vascular resistance in the isolated rat heart after global ischemia.
Progressive meshes

Highly detailed geometric models are rapidly becoming commonplace in computer graphics. These models, often represented as complex triangle meshes, challenge rendering performance, transmission bandwidth, and storage capacities. This paper introduces the progressive mesh (PM) representation, a new scheme for storing and transmitting arbitrary triangle meshes. This efficient, lossless, continuous-resolution representation addresses several practical problems in graphics: smooth geomorphing of level-of-detail approximations, progressive transmission, mesh compression, and selective refinement. In addition, we present a new mesh simplification procedure for constructing a PM representation from an arbitrary mesh. The goal of this optimization procedure is to preserve not just the geometry of the original mesh, but more importantly its overall appearance as defined by its discrete and scalar appearance attributes such as material identifiers, color values, normals, and texture coordinates. We demonstrate construction of the PM representation and its applications using several practical models
Abstract 4286: Essential Roles of Jab1 in Cell Survival, Spontaneous DNA Damage, and DNA Repair

Jun activation domain-binding protein 1 (JAB1) is a multifunctional protein that participates in the control cell proliferation and the stability of multiple proteins. JAB1 overexpression has been implicated in the pathogenesis of human cancer. JAB1 regulates several key proteins and thereby produces varied effects on cell cycle progression, genome stability, and cell survival. However, the biological significance of JAB1 activity in these cellular signaling pathways is unclear. Therefore, we developed mice that were deficient in Jab1 and analyzed the null embryos and heterozygous cells. This disruption of Jab1 in mice resulted in early embryonic lethality due to accelerated apoptosis. Loss of Jab1 expression sensitized both mouse primary embryonic fibroblasts and osteosarcoma cells to gamma radiation-induced apoptosis, with an increase in spontaneous DNA damage and homologous recombination (HR) defects, both of which correlated with reduced levels of the DNA repair protein Rad51 and elevated levels of p53. Furthermore, the accumulated p53 directly binds to Rad51 promoter, inhibited its activity, and represent a major mechanism underlying the HR repair defect in Jab1-deficient cells. These results indicate that Jab1 is essential for efficient DNA repair and mechanistically link Jab1 to the maintenance of genome integrity and to cell survival. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4286. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4286
Multimode optical-fiber loss-modulation acoustic sensor

We have measured the loss coefficient of the simple bending-loss transducer shown schematically in Fig. 1. The transducer structure consists of two mating, ridged plates (2.5 cm x 6 cm). The fiber is placed between the two plates and compressed with a variable load, and the resulting transmission loss is measured. We have investigated the response of various fiber types and also the effects of initial launch conditions. Figure 2 shows data from a short (2-m) length of Corning step-index fiber.
The Unexpected Diversity of Plant Organelle RNA Editosomes

Flowering plants convert many hundreds of organelle cytidines (Cs) to uridines (Us) during post-transcriptional RNA editing. Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins dictate specificity by recognizing RNA sequences near C targets. However, the complete mechanism of the editing machinery is not yet understood. Recently, non-PPR editing factors [RNA editing factor interacting proteins (RIPs)/multiple organellar RNA editing factors (MORFs), organelle RNA recognition motif (ORRM) proteins, organelle zinc-finger (OZ) proteins, and protoporphyrinogen oxidase 1 (PPO1)] have been identified as components of the plant RNA editosome, which is a small RNA–protein complex. Surprisingly, plant editosomes are highly diverse not only with regard to the PPR proteins they contain but also in the non-PPR components that are present. Here we review the most recent progress in the field and discuss the implications of the diversity of plant editosomes for the evolution of RNA editing and for possible future applications.
Towards collective manipulation without inter-agent communication

This article details the formulation of a decentralized controller for collective manipulation that does not require any communication between agents involved in the task. First, a centralized controller based on the complete system Jacobian is discussed as a benchmark. Then, the centralized controller is reformulated to obtain the algorithm for the proposed decentralized control approach. Both, centralized and decentralized controllers utilize Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse to distribute a control action through the agents of the group. The convergence and stability of both controllers are discussed in detail. Moreover, robustness and effectiveness of the proposed controllers are investigated through simulating numerous scenarios, formations and populations of the agents. We show that, as the population of the group increases, the results of the decentralized controller approach to its centralized counterpart with significantly lower computational cost.
Sharing is caring, or callous?

The practice of third-party applications (social apps) on social networks sites (SNSs) to collect information about users’ friends has raised awareness of the problem known as interdependent privacy. Although studies have quantified the value which app users place on their friends’ personal information, i.e., interdependent privacy value, few have investigated factors that affect the valuation of interdependent privacy. In particular, research indicates that social capital, which is an immaterial resource that can yield positive social outcomes, plays an important role in individuals’ decision-making. Motivated by these works, we study the complex and yet undetermined relationship between interdependent privacy value and social capital. In addition, in order to gain a thorough understanding of interdependent privacy valuation, our study also examines its relationships with factors such as app data collection context (i.e., whether or not data collection is relevant to app performance), individuals’ number of friends within SNSs, and demographics.
Habitat as Human Rights: Indigenous Huaorani in the Amazon Rainforest, Oil, and Ome Yasuni

This Article is based on a presentation to the Vermont Law Review Symposium, "Habitat for Human Rights: Environmental Degradation and Human Rights." It begins by highlighting three general scenarios where environmental and human rights laws intersect, and then examines the experience of Indigenous Huaorani (also spelled "Waorani" and "Waodani") in the Amazon Rainforest in Ecuador with environmental and human rights law and litigation. It includes a discussion of oil extraction operations by Texaco (now part of Chevron) in Ecuador, and the ongoing litigation that has come to be known as "the Chevron Ecuador litigation." It also includes a discussion of Ome Yasuni, an alliance of affected grassroots Huaorani communities who have organized themselves to defend their habitat as human rights in the area now known as Yasuni National Park and Biosphere Reserve.
High frequency microearthquakes recorded at Quetta, Pakistan

Abstract Numerous high frequency microearthquakes were recorded on a special portable magnetic tape recorder at Quetta, Pakistan, during the summer of 1962. These microearthquakes have maximum particle velocities between 30 and 50 cps. Many of the foci appear to be almost directly under the recording station. The focal distance for the nearest of these earthquakes appears to be less than one km. The source for these earthquakes may result from “bedding plane slippage” as strain accumulates in sediments adjacent to a high angle fault.
Abstract 252: Trust in the Medical Profession is Associated with Medication Adherence and Health-Related Quality of Life in Hispanic Adults with Hypertension

Background: Nonadherence to blood pressure lowering medication is a main contributor to poor hypertension control. While trust in the medical profession has been found to be associated with health ...
Geographies of renewable energy transition in the Caribbean: Reshaping the island energy metabolism

Abstract Long dependent upon imported fossil fuels, the islands of the Caribbean have recently been targeted by initiatives meant to hasten a shift to more renewable forms of energy. In this paper, we provide an overview of this ongoing energy transition, focusing on the experiences of Jamaica and the Eastern Caribbean. To do so, we develop the concept of the ‘island energy metabolism’ as a way to conceptualize relationships between the biophysical properties of different energy sources and the distinctive territorial, infrastructural and geopolitical characteristics of islands. We trace the development of the prevailing fossil fuel-based metabolism in the Caribbean region, and highlight some of the resulting energy dilemmas faced by island territories in the region. We then turn our attention to the ongoing renewable energy transition, focusing on the opportunities and barriers posed by islands. We highlight the role of island imaginaries in attracting international interest, and point to the ways in which island geographies can hinder the transition. Drawing on examples gleaned from fieldwork in the Caribbean, we discuss the financial, logistical and infrastructural challenges posed by the region’s fragmented sovereignty and island territoriality, and suggest how a metabolism lens can shed light on the trajectories of low-carbon transitions.
The effect of movement and load on the dynamic coupling of abdominal electromyography.

Abstract This study investigated the degree of neural coupling in abdominal muscle activity and whether the task constraints of movement and load altered the coupling within three muscle pairings. Nineteen young, physically-active individuals performed sit-up and reverse crunch movements in bodyweight (BW) and loaded (+4.54 kg) conditions. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was recorded from the rectus abdominus (RA), external oblique (EO), and transverse abdominus (TA) muscles. Linear (correlation coefficient) and non-linear (Cross-Approximate Entropy) measurements evaluated the degree of couplings across three muscle pairings. Compared to a resting coupling state, most conditions showed evidence of coupling. The linear coupling showed greater coupling compared to the resting state. Dynamic coupling showed lower degrees of coupling for the RA-EO and RA-TA pairings but stronger coupling for the EO-TA pairing with the sit-up movement exhibiting lower Cross-ApEn (higher dynamic coupling) than the reverse crunch. The results provide preliminary evidence of coupling in abdominal muscle activity that was influenced by movement, but not load. The functional roles of the RA (prime mover), EO and TA (stabilizers) muscles may have influenced the degree of coupling and future investigations are needed to better understand the coupling of abdominal muscle activity.
Dlaczego nie epistokracja

John Stuart Mill argued that the superior wisdom of an identifiable minority justified their having greater political authority. In particular, Mill thought, citizens with a high degree of education ought to have more votes than others, even if all ought to have the right to vote. My strategy is not the more familiar one of arguing that even though we must grant that the educated might rule more wisely, there are reasons of equal respect or procedural fairness that directly and decisively preclude giving some citizens more votes than others. I will not deny (nor accept) that the educated have the superior wisdom Mill’s argument supposes, but deny that such a claim is available as a justification for unequal political authority. In any case, my aim is as much to explain and acknowledge the challenge posed by Millean scholocracy as it is fully to answer it.
Primary Endocardial Fibroelastosis Presenting in a Young Child as Incessant Ventricular Tachycardia and Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Endocardial fibroelastosis is a cardiomyopathy not commonly seen in the present age. We describe the case of a 4-year-old girl who presented with sustained incessant ventricular tachycardia, a severely dilated left ventricle, and cardiac dysfunction refractory to all medical management and even to ablation; she eventually underwent cardiac transplantation. The diagnosis was made only after histopathologic examination of the explanted heart showed clear evidence of endocardial fibroelastosis. Through this report, we would like to highlight the fact that primary endocardial fibroelastosis can masquerade as idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and that associated frequent premature ventricular contractions and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia require close monitoring. Progressive ventricular dilation and ventricular dysfunction can convey a poor prognosis. Sustained recalcitrant ventricular tachycardia in these patients can be a life-threatening event that requires emergent mechanical support and heart transplantation.
Abstract 2698: Phosphoproteomics-guided anticancer drug combination design with a novel small-molecule PP2A activator

Significance: Phosphatases are cellular antagonists of kinase signaling and have a diverse range of substrates, many of which are ideal targets for small molecule-based anticancer treatment. Our lab and collaborators have generated a novel series of compounds that bind to and activate the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and these small-molecule activators of PP2A (SMAPs) induce apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth in numerous cancer models. Based on these findings, this project aimed to identify drug combinations with our SMAP that could drive optimal anticancer activity. Methods: We first turned to global shotgun phosphoproteomics to compare the signaling response signatures of our SMAP against a combination of a MEK inhibitor (MEKi) and an AKT inhibitor (AKTi). We then applied Kinase-Substrate Enrichment Analysis (KSEA) to extract key diverging biologic patterns between these two arms, with the goal of identifying distinct pathways that are inhibited in each condition. These results, in turn, could provide insight to differences between phosphatase activation versus kinase inhibition. Results: KSEA profiling revealed distinct signaling responses between the two arms. Notably, the kinase inhibitors caused robust downregulation of the MAPK signaling pathway, whereas SMAP treatment showed limited involvement of that cascade. Thus, we hypothesized that a combination of SMAP + MEKi would yield enhanced anticancer response compared to either single agent. Subsequent murine xenograft testing demonstrated superior tumor response with SMAP + MEKi versus either compound alone. Conclusion: This project offers a phosphoproteomics-level glimpse to the signaling effects between phosphatase activation compared to kinase inhibition. The data, in turn, could be used for rational drug combination design to improve antitumor therapy. Citation Format: Danica D. Wiredja, Peter Liao, Jaya Sangodkar, Daniela Schlatzer, Mark R. Chance, Goutham Narla. Phosphoproteomics-guided anticancer drug combination design with a novel small-molecule PP2A activator [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2698.
Effects of Dimethyl Disulfide Cosolvent on Li–S Battery Chemistry and Performance

Lithium–sulfur battery’s (LISB) performance is still held back by undesirable side reactions. One of these side reactions is known as the polysulfide shuttle effect which is a consequence of solubl...
Gauging Market Responses to Monetary Policy Communication

The modern model of central bank communication suggests that central bankers prefer to err on the side of saying too much rather than too little. The reason is that most central bankers believe that clear and concise communication of monetary policy helps achieve their goals. For the Federal Reserve, this means to achieve its goals of price stability, maximum employment, and stable long-term interest rates. This article examines the various dimensions of Fed communication with the public and financial markets and how Fed communication with the public has evolved over time. We use daily and intraday data to document how Fed communication affects key financial market variables. We find that Fed communication is associated with changes in prices of financial market instruments such as Treasury securities and equity prices. However, this effect varies by type of communication, by type of instrument, and by who is doing the speaking.
Partial Discharge Detection and Structure Optimization of a Bushing of 10 kV Switchgear Cabinet

Bushing of 10 kV switchgear cabinets is prone to partial discharge. Though live detection can find out partial discharge, the mostly used ultrasonic(AE) and transient earth voltage(TEV) methods have some limitations. This paper introduces a typical case which detected bushing erosion based on ultrasonic(AE) and Ultra-high frequency (UHF) methods. Furthermore, this paper calculates the electric field distribution of bushing using finite element method(FEM), which confirms the live detection conclusion that the metal plate and the busbar were not connected and thus led to local electrical field distortion and partial discharge. At last, this paper optimized the structure of bushing of 10 kV switchgear based on finite element method(FEM) and insulation structure optimization principles. The optimized bushing of 10 kV switchgear cabinets has a significantly better electrical performance and can effectively avoid partial discharge caused by the defects produced during installation and operation.
Defining the Retention Signal in a Model Golgi Membrane Protein

Specific sequences found in resident proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi complex are believed to direct retention of these proteins in the appropriate compartment of the exocytotic pathway. Such “retention signals” have been identified at the carboxy-termini of both lumenal and membrane-bound ER resident proteins (reviewed by Pelham, 1991). We have been studying the targeting of Golgi membrane proteins using the E1 glycoprotein from the avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) as a model protein. This protein is targeted to cis Golgi membranes when expressed from cDNA in animal cells (Machamer et al, 1990). We previously determined that the first of the three membrane-spanning domains of the El protein contained Golgi targeting information (Machamer and Rose, 1987; Swift and Machamer, 1991). This first membrane-spanning domain (“m1”) can retain a plasma membrane protein (the vesicular stomatitis virus G protein) in the Golgi complex when inserted in place of the normal transmembrane domain. The chimeric protein (“Gm1”) is retained in the early Golgi complex suggesting that the ml domain is necessary and sufficient for the targeting of the IBV El protein to the cis Golgi complex (Swift and Machamer, 1991).
Management of Carbon Sequestration by Identification of Soil Limitation Factors That Affect Plants Growing

Organic matter plays an important role in many soil properties. So it is necessary to identify management systems which maintain or increase its concentrations. Different types of soil with its cover plants have different potential in carbon sequestration. For this goal, four sites with different soils (Saline soil, Gypsisol, Calcic soil, Forest Acidic soil) and their vegetation have been studied. In each sites, 12 to 15 points were sampled and analyzed some relative factors that reflect crucial characteristics of each soil. The results show that EC, gypsum and lime are limited factors in arid and semi-arid sites and only tolerant plant as Halophytes and Gypsophytes can be stable. Also, in forest site, soil acidic condition shows limiting for plants growth more than climatic factors. But the amount of growing plants in arid and semi-arid sites depends on climatic factors Mostly. Therefore, identification of limitation factors of soil for different ecosystems can be help to manage their vegetation cover that adjusted the different soil conditions for carbon stocks.
WIPER: Weighted in-Path Edge Ranking for biomolecular association networks

In network biology researchers generate biomolecular networks with candidate genes or proteins experimentally-derived from high-throughput data and known biomolecular associations. Current bioinformatics research focuses on characterizing candidate genes/proteins, or nodes, with network characteristics, e.g., betweenness centrality. However, there have been few research reports to characterize and prioritize biomolecular associations (“edges”), which can represent gene regulatory events essential to biological processes. We developed Weighted In-Path Edge Ranking (WIPER), a new computational algorithm which can help evaluate all biomolecular interactions/associations (“edges”) in a network model and generate a rank order of every edge based on their in-path traversal scores and statistical significance test result. To validate whether WIPER worked as we designed, we tested the algorithm on synthetic network models. Our results showed WIPER can reliably discover both critical “well traversed in-path edges”, which are statistically more traversed than normal edges, and “peripheral in-path edges”, which are less traversed than normal edges. Compared with other simple measures such as betweenness centrality, WIPER provides better biological interpretations. In the case study of analyzing postanal pig hearts gene expression, WIPER highlighted new signaling pathways suggestive of cardiomyocyte regeneration and proliferation. In the case study of Alzheimer’s disease genetic disorder association, WIPER reports SRC:APP, AR:APP, APP:FYN, and APP:NES edges (gene-gene associations) both statistically and biologically important from PubMed co-citation. We believe that WIPER will become an essential software tool to help biologists discover and validate essential signaling/regulatory events from high-throughput biology data in the context of biological networks. The free WIPER API is described at https://discovery.informatics.uab.edu/wiper/
In-situ visualization for the large scale computing initiative milestone

The Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) Large-Scale Computing Initiative (LSCI) milestone required running two parallel simulation codes at scale on the Trinity supercomputer at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) to obtain presentation quality visualization results via in-situ methods. The two simulation codes used were Sandia Parallel Aerosciences Research Code (SPARC) and Nalu, both fluid dynamics codes developed at SNL. The codes were integrated with the ParaView Catalyst in-situ visualization library via the SNL developed Input Output SubSystem (IOSS). The LSCI milestone had a relatively short time-scale for completion of two months. During setup and execution of in-situ visualization for the milestone, there were several challenging issues in the areas of software builds, parallel startup-times, and in the a priori specification of visualizations. This paper will discuss the milestone activities and technical challenges encountered in its completion.
Effects of Acoustic Nonlinearities on the Estimation of Attenuation from Ultrasonic Backscatter

The attenuation coefficient (AC) has demonstrated the ability to classify tissue state. Linear acoustic propagation is assumed when estimating the AC using spectral-based methods from the ultrasonic backscatter. However, the effects of acoustic nonlinearities can distort the backscattered power spectra versus depth. The distortion of the power spectra could result in a bias in the estimation of the AC. The goal of the study was to quantify the effects of nonlinear distortion on the estimation of AC from ultrasonic backscatter using spectral methods. We computed the AC from backscattered signals using the spectral log difference method and a reference phantom to account for diffraction effects. Computational simulations and experiments in phantoms were performed. In the experiments, three tissue-mimicking phantoms, named A, B and C having estimated AC values of 0.60, 0.90, and 0.20 dB/cm/MHz, respectively, and B/A ≈ 6.6 for each phantom were scanned using a single-element focused transducer (f/2) having a 0.5" diameter and 5-MHz center frequency. The phantoms were scanned using six excitation levels from a high-power (HP) pulsing apparatus (RAM-5000, Ritec, USA). The AC was estimated from phantom A using either phantom B (high attenuation) or phantom C (low attenuation) as the reference. The AC was estimated at each excitation level over the analysis bandwidth (− 6-dB criterion) to determine the effects of acoustic nonlinearity on estimation of AC. The presence of nonlinear distortion can be quantified through the Gol’dberg number, which is inversely proportional to the product of the nonlinearity coefficient and attenuation. We hypothesized that because the B/A values were approximately the same for each phantom, the effects of nonlinear distortion would be more pronounced when using phantom C, which had much lower attenuation. Specifically, increased excess attenuation due to transfer of energy from the fundamental to the harmonics would be observed more in phantom C. The AC estimate increased from 0.57 to 0.67 dB/cm/MHz as the excitation levels increased from level one to six when using phantom B as a reference. In contrast, when using phantom C as reference, the estimated AC slope of phantom A decreased from 0.57 to 0.43 dB/cm/MHz as the excitation levels increased from level one to six. Therefore, use of a reference with different attenuation resulted in increased bias of AC estimates due to nonlinear distortion being this deviation larger when using low attenuating media.
Examining the Past and Advocating for the Future of Forensic Psychiatry Training

The American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (AAPL) has been devoted to the teaching of forensic psychiatry, and as AAPL celebrates its 50th Anniversary, it seems fitting to examine the history and the current status of forensic psychiatry teaching in general psychiatry residencies and forensic psychiatry fellowships. After a brief review of the history of AAPL and forensic psychiatry training, this article explores the current state of graduate medical education (GME) in the United States, the growing popularity of psychiatry as a specialty and forensic psychiatry as a subspecialty, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's requirements for forensic training, and the methods currently used to teach forensic psychiatry to general psychiatry residents. This article also examines the current status of forensic psychiatry fellowship training in the United States. Finally, future challenges to forensic training in both residencies and fellowships will be discussed, as well as the need for AAPL and others in the profession to advocate for increased forensic teaching in a manner that leads to the production of both general and forensic psychiatrists who are competent to practice independently and who are sufficient in number to meet the growing demands for forensic expertise.
Modeling and Measuring Expressed (Dis)belief in (Mis)information

The proliferation of online misinformation has been raising increasing societal concerns about its potential consequences, e.g., polarizing the public and eroding trust in institutions. These consequences are framed under the public's susceptibility to such misinformation — a narrative that needs further investigation and quantification. To this end, our paper proposes an observational approach to model and measure expressed (dis)beliefs in (mis)information by leveraging social media comments as a proxy. We collect a sample of tweets in response to (mis)information and annotate them with (dis)belief labels, explore the dataset using lexicon-based methods, and finally build classifiers based on the state-of-the-art neural transfer-learning models (BERT, XLNet, and RoBERTa). Under a domain-specific thresholding strategy for unbiasedness, the best-performing classifier archives macro-F1 scores around 0.86 for disbelief and 0.80 for belief. Applying the classifier, we conduct a large-scale measurement study and show that, for true/mixed/false claims on social media, 12%/14%/15% of comments express disbelief and 26%/21%/20% of comments express belief. In addition, our results suggest an extremely slight time effect of falsehood awareness, a positive effect of fact-checks to false claims, and differences in (dis)belief across social media platforms.
Das System der idealen Ordnungsgebilde

Idealer Sollverhalt, Nichtsollverhalt und Darfverhalt nebst ihren Vorstufen sollen von nun an zusammenfassend einheitlich als Idealverhalte bezeichnet werden. Analog seien ideal gesollter, nichtgesollter und gedurfter Seinsverhalt nebst ihren Zwischenformen allgemein als ideale Seinsverhalte und konkrete Ideale, Gegenideale und Darfideale als konkrete Ideale bezeichnet.
Detecting Local Dependence: A Threshold-Autoregressive Item Response Theory (TAR-IRT) Approach for Polytomous Items

In applications of item response theory (IRT) models, it is known that empirical violations of the local independence (LI) assumption can significantly bias parameter estimates. To address this iss...
Intermolecular coupling and superconductivity in PbMo 6 S 8 and other Chevrel phase compounds

To understand superconductivity in Chevrel phase compounds and guide the search for interesting properties in materials created with Chevrel phase molecules as building blocks, we use ab initio methods to study the properties of single ${\mathrm{Mo}}_{6}{X}_{8}$ molecules with $X=\text{S}$, Se, Te as well as the bulk solid ${\mathrm{PbMo}}_{6}{\mathrm{S}}_{8}$. In bulk ${\mathrm{PbMo}}_{6}{\mathrm{S}}_{8}$, the different energy scales from strong to weak are the band kinetic energy, the intramolecular Coulomb interaction, the on-molecule Jahn-Teller energy, and the Hund's exchange coupling. The metallic state is stable with respect to Mott and polaronic insulating states. The bulk compound is characterized by a strong electron-phonon interaction with the largest coupling involving phonon modes with energies in the range from 11 to 17 meV and with a strong intermolecule (Peierls) character. A two-band Eliashberg equation analysis shows that the superconductivity is strong coupling, with different gaps on the two Fermi surface sheets. A Bergman-Rainer analysis of the functional derivative of the transition temperature with respect to the electron-phonon coupling reveals that the Peierls modes provide the most important contribution to the superconductivity. This work illustrates the importance of intermolecular coupling for collective phenomena in molecular solids.
Swing Venous Line Down to Expose the Aortic Root

One important trick that can improve your exposure of the aortic root immensely is the following: When you have initiated cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), swing your venous line (which is presumably placed via the right atrial appendage) down toward the foot, so that the line makes a gentle curve on itself over the patient’s abdomen (Plate 16 and Video 16.1).
SU-E-T-599: Patient Safety Enhancements Through a Study of R&V System Override Data

Purpose: Record and verify (R&V) software systems include safety checks that compare actual machine parameters with prescribed values for a patient’s treatment, such as treatment couch position, linac, energy, and MUs. The therapist is warned of a mismatch with a pop-up and prompted to approve an override in order to continue without changes. Override approval is often legitimate, but the pop-up can also genuinely indicate a problem that would Result in the wrong treatment. When there are numerous pop-up warnings, human nature leads us to approve any override without careful reading, undermining the effectiveness of the safety mechanism. Methods: Override data was collected from our R&V system for all patients treated between October 8 and 29, 2012, on four linacs and entered into a spreadsheet. Additional data collected included treatment technique, disease site, immobilization, time, linac, and whether localization images were obtained. Data were analyzed using spreadsheet tools to reveal trends, patterns and associations that might suggest appropriate process changes that could decrease the total number of overrides. Results: 76 out of 113 patients had overrides. Out of the 944 treatments, 599 override items were generated. The majority were due to couch positions. 74 of the 84 overrides on a linac equipped with a 6D couch were due to the use of the rotational corrections and the fact that the 6D couch control does not communicate with the RV translations required to rotate the couch appear to the R&V system as translations outside the tolerance range. Conclusion: Many findings were interesting but did not suggest a process change. Proposed process changes include creating site-specific instead of just technique-specific tolerance tables for couch shifts. Proposed improvements to the vendor are to facilitate direct communication between the 6D couch and the R&V system to eliminate those override warnings related to lack of communication.
Design of a multi-technology FPGA with a programmable threshold photoreceiver

We present an innovative architecture for a multi-technology FPGA. This new FPGA architecture will enable the design of reconfigurable systems outside of the traditional electronic domain. A threshold programmable photoreceiver is presented as an illustrative example.
Witness Vetting: What Determines Detectives' Perceptions of Witness Credibility?

During the course of a criminal investigation witness vetting, a detective's process of determining the credibility and weight of witness information, can lead to errors in an investigation that can go virtually unchallenged. Witness confidence, opportunity to view, and type of information proffered were examined in relation to detective inferences about witness reliability, accuracy, and probable cause to arrest. Experiment 1 involved 39 sworn law enforcement officers, and experiment 2 involved 43 sworn law enforcement officers and 86 mock detectives. Participants viewed a digital recording depicting a witness describing a gas station robbery (Experiment 1) or a campus mugging (Experiment 2). Witness confidence and detectives' inferences about culprit information influenced the vetting process and lent credibility to a confident witness whose accuracy was objectively unknown. Furthermore, the evidence indicates that sworn law enforcement are comparable with untrained observers in their use of social inference cues (i.e. confidence) in determining witness credibility; however, social inference can be assuaged by the rational, rule-governed, decision framework established for witness vetting. Social inference processes inherent in the detective-witness dyad is influenced by legal procedures in vetting witness information. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A hardware Trojan embedded in the Inverse Widlar reference generator

Architectural vulnerabilities in basic analog circuits that can be exploited to embed analog hardware Trojans are identified. Challenges of detecting the presence of analog hardware Trojans are discussed. An example is presented of a simple widely used reference generator that incorporates an embedded analog hardware Trojan that requires no extra circuit components, no area overhead, and that leaves no signature in the power bus. An implementation of this reference generator in a 0.13µm CMOS process with a 1.2V voltage supply is described along with simulation results.