cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High and Low Frequency Domino Liver Transplantation Centers Demonstrate Similar Performance Outcomes.

ABSTRACT Introduction A Domino Liver Transplant (DLT) is a successfully validated surgical option for a subset of patients awaiting liver transplant. Increased utilization of DLTs could increase the donor organ pool. However, DLTs occur primarily at a small number of high volume centers, and are rarely performed at lower volume transplant centers. This study compares DLT recipient performance outcomes between high frequency DLT centers and low frequency DLT centers. Methods The UNOS/OPTN STAR database was queried for DLTs performed at transplant centers between 1996-2018. 193 patients were identified and categorized into high (>5 DLTs) or low (≤5 DLTs) frequency centers. Our primary endpoint was allograft survival. Our secondary endpoints were graft status at last follow up and mortality secondary to cardiac, renal, or respiratory failure. Results Overall median allograft survival between high and low volume DLT centers was similar (48.2 months versus 42.7 months, P >0.314). The one-year (82% versus 76%), three-year (57% versus 56%), and five-year (45% versus 43%) survival percentages were also similar between the high and low volume DLT centers respectively. Overall mortality from cardiac (high 4% versus low 1.7%), renal (high 0.8% versus low 1.7%), or respiratory failure (high 0.8% versus low 1.7%) was similarly low in both groups. Conclusion Low volume and high volume DLT centers are associated with similar outcomes of allograft survival and mortality. DLTs should be utilized more frequently, when the criteria are met, including in centers with limited experience, to expand the donor pool, decrease time on the waitlist, and improve overall survival. Disclosures There are no disclosures. The authors report no proprietary or commercial interest in any product mentioned or concept discussed in this article.
Novel Composites from Eco‐Friendly Soy Flour/SBS Triblock Copolymer

With the growing demand for bio-based materials, the present study investigates the use of soy flour (SF) as potential reinforcement in thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs). Soy and poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) triblock copolymer composite films are prepared using conventional thermoplastic polymer processing techniques. These composite films are investigated to evaluate the influence of SF concentration on the thermo-mechanical and rheological properties. The results suggest that environmentally friendly soy flour reinforced thermoplastic elastomers exhibit excellent properties and offer great potential to replace traditional synthetic elastomeric materials.
Pharmacological modulation of cortical plasticity following kainic acid lesion in rat barrel cortex.

Object The brain shows remarkable capacity for plasticity in response to injury. To maximize the benefits of current neurological treatment and to minimize the impact of injury, the authors examined the ability of commonly administered drugs, dextroamphetamine (D-amphetamine) and phenytoin, to positively or negatively affect the functional recovery of the cerebral cortex following excitotoxic injury. Methods Previous work from the same laboratory has demonstrated reorganization of whisker functional responses (WFRs) in the rat barrel cortex after excitotoxic lesions were created with kainic acid (KA). In the present study, WFRs were mapped using intrinsic optical signal imaging before and 9 days after creation of the KA lesions. During the post-lesion survival period, animals were either treated with intraperitoneal D-amphetamine, phenytoin, or saline or received no treatment. Following the survival period, WFRs were again measured and compared with prelesion data. Results The findings suggest that KA les...
Structure of poliovirus replicative intermediate RNA. Electron microscope analysis of RNA cross-linked in vivo with psoralen derivative.

Abstract The structure of the poliovirus replicative intermediate RNA was examined by electron microscopy after cross-linking in vivo with 4′-aminomethyl-4,5′,8-trimethylpsoralen. After purification from infected cells, undenatured RI † appeared as a double-stranded backbone of genome length, with an average of three (and occasionally up to eight) nascent, single-stranded tails. After denaturation, however, only single strands of heterogeneous length were visualized, indicating that the RI in the cell contains little or no duplex structure, and thus nascent chains are only transiently hydrogen-bonded to their template over short regions. The double-stranded backbone of undenatured RI, observed previously by others and in these experiments, is due to collapse of complementary chains during the deproteinization and purification procedures. The effectiveness of the in vivo cross-linking procedure was demonstrated by the complete inhibition of viral RNA synthesis in treated cells and by direct binding of [3H]AMT to RI molecules in vivo. Mature polio virions are impermeable to AMT; however, growth of virus in cells incubated with AMT in the dark resulted in normal yields of virus particles containing RNA genomes, whose infectivity could be subsequently photo-inactivated. The frequency of AMT-induced cross-linking was determined by analyses of double-stranded poliovirus RNA (RF). Cross-linking in vitro followed by spreading for electron microscopy under denaturing conditions yielded bubbled duplex structures with a minimum of one interstrand cross-link per 80 base-pairs. RF cross-linked in vivo also showed extensive cross-linking, decreased about fivefold from the in vitro cross-linked value. Thus, the failure to detect cross-linked RI under these conditions indicates that extensive base-pairing does not exist in vivo.
Results from Symposium on Future Orbital power systems technology requirements

The technology requirements for future orbital power systems were reviewed. Workshops were held in 10 technology disciplines to discuss technology deficiencies, adequacy of current programs to resolve those deficiencies and recommendations for tasks that might reduce the testing and risks involved in future orbital energy systems. Those recommendations are summarized.
SHR Y chromosome enhances the nocturnal blood pressure in socially interacting rats

Our objective was to test the hypothesis that nocturnal mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and activity would be increased in 1) colony over individually caged rats and 2) the spontaneo...
Factors associated with work status at 5 and 10 years after heart transplantation.

White-Williams C, Wang E, Rybarczyk B, Grady KL. Factors associated with work status at 5 and 10 years after heart transplantation. Clin Transplant 2011: 25: E599–E605. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: Aim: Little is known regarding work status long-term after heart transplantation (HT). The purpose of this study was to examine demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who were working and not working, and to identify factors associated with working patients at five and 10 yr post-HT. Methods: Data from patients (78% male, 88% white, mean age = 53.8 yr) at four US sites using the following instruments: Post-op Work History, Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), Quality of Life Index, Cardiac Depression Scale, and chart review were used. Statistical analyses included t-tests and logistic regression. Results: The percentage of working patients at five yr remained steady over time to 10 yr post-HT. Using the SIP, working patients had less overall, physical, and psychosocial functional disability at five yr. Working patients at five and 10 yr had significantly less depression than non-workers. Working patients at five yr had fewer co-existing illnesses than non-workers. Predictors of working at five and 10 yr included demographic, psychosocial, and clinical variables. Conclusion: Understanding rates of return to work and factors associated with return to work may assist clinicians as they discuss working after transplant with patients during evaluation for transplant and develop interventions to assist post-transplant patients who want to return to work.
Air cooled heat sinks integrated with synthetic jets

This paper discusses the development of active air-cooled heat sinks using synthetic jet ejector arrays for high power dissipation electronics. The heat sinks typically consist of a plate fin heat sink augmented with a synthetic jet module such that each fin is straddled by a pair of synthetic jets thereby creating a jet ejector that entrains cool ambient air upstream of the heat sink and discharges it into the channels between the fins. The present work characterizes three configurations of active integrated heat sinks designed for around 100 W power dissipation levels with respect to power dissipation, thermal effectiveness and package weight and volume. The flexibility of adapting synthetic jets for different heat sink designs is demonstrated by changing the relative orientation of the entrained and discharged air flow for the different cooling module designs, indicating the potential for controlling and utilizing limited air flow in spatially constrained environments. The performance of the heat sinks is assessed using an Intel thermal die instrumented with thermocouples. Using air temperature and velocity measurements the thermal effectiveness of heat sinks is compared with an off-the-shelf heat-sink-fan combination as well as with a steady flow past the heat sink. The jets generate an airflow in the range of 3-5 CFM, resulting in /spl sim/25 Watts/CFM for each device with a thermal effectiveness as high as 60-70%.
Masculinity and its metonyms

The author responds to the articles in this issue by demonstrating how a twentieth-century poem might provide us with a fresh perspective on the situated historical understandings of bodies gendered as male provided here. Amichai uses the literary figure of metonymy to show how ‘a man’ has no time for history: he allows a part to speak for the whole, and a specific cultural moment to stand for any time. Historians and literary scholars alike would benefit from attending to our own metonyms, and the historical continuities we assume or assert as we seek to investigate cultural difference.
Spatial and temporal trends in stable carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of juvenile winter flounder otoliths

Isotopic ratios of fish otoliths have been used in numerous studies as natural tags or markers to aid in the study of connectivity among fish populations. We investigated the use of spatial and temporal changes in the stable carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of otoliths to differentiate juvenile habitats of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus). Young-of-the-year (YOY) juvenile winter flounder were collected annually over a three-year period from 18 stations along the coast of Rhode Island, USA. Sagittal otoliths were removed from fish and analyzed for stable carbon (13C/12C or δ13C) and oxygen (18O/16O or δ18O) isotope ratios using continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Differences in isotope ratios were observed among stations and along salinity gradients in the Narragansett Bay estuary and an estuarine river system (Narrow River). Overall, the isotope ratio patterns observed among stations were consistent over the three sampling years; however, differences were noted in isotope ratios and the magnitude of the isotope ratio gradients among years. Significant positive correlations were noted between salinity and δ13C for two of the three years. For each of the three years sampled there was a highly significant positive correlation (2002, r = 0.93, P < 0.01; 2003, r = 0.85, P < 0.01; 2004, r = 0.97, P < 0.01) between δ18O and the salinity of the collection site. Also, there was a significant negative correlation between the number of months of above average river flow and δ18O for the three sampling years (r = 0.99, P < 0.05). These findings suggest that yearly changes in the volume of freshwater inputs to these estuarine habitats may be related to the differences observed in otolith δ18O isotope ratios. Because of these year-to-year differences, sampling of each cohort may be necessary in order to use this isotopic technique for winter flounder connectivity studies.
Government-provided health care. A prediction.

A 75th birthdayis a good time to review the past in order to predict the future. This article, based on our past experience, analyzes our current capabilities and ventures a prediction of the future role of government-provided health care in the United States. At one extreme a Nostradamus might predict a total federal government takeover, with federal employees providing all care within government-owned and -operated medical centers. At the other extreme would be a totally privatized system with government only guaranteeing payment for care by the private sector for those who are otherwise uninsured. GOVERNMENT The termgovernmentin this article includes all levels of tax-supported programs, whether funded by federal, state, county, or municipal governments. Citizens whose taxes are used for health care are primarily concerned that their dollars be used efficiently, not whether the dollars come from their federal, state, or local contribution. PROVIDED VS FUNDED HEALTH
On using the seasonal cycle to interpret extratropical temperature changes since 1950

Extratropical near-surface air temperature variability is explored on three different time scales: the seasonal cycle, observed changes in temperature since 1950, and the equilibrium response to increasing CO2 in an atmospheric general circulation simulation with fixed sea surface temperatures. Exploration is undertaken using an energy balance model (EBM) that parameterizes advective land-ocean heat fluxes. The EBM is tuned only to the climatological seasonal cycle yet captures 47% of the variability in observed multidecadal temperature changes in the extratropics and 78% of the variability in the equilibrated model simulation. The subseasonal time scale of atmosphere-surface heat fluxes explains, at least in the context of this EBM, the ability to infer patterns of multidecadal change using information primarily drawn from the seasonal cycle.
Interplay between band structure and gap symmetry in a two-dimensional anisotropic superconductor.

We consider the two-dimensional quasiparticle density of states and superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) tunneling conductance, [sigma]([ital V]), using a BCS-like framework for a gap function exhibiting the symmetries of an unspecified off-site pairing interaction. For [ital d]-wave pairing, we find the usual nodal structure in the gap function. In addition, one can also find nodal structure at the Fermi surface for a gap function with extended [ital s]-wave symmetry (but only when hopping beyond near neighbors is considered). This is a universal feature arising solely due to the interplay between the Fermi-surface geometry and the momentum variation of the gap function and leads to unique signatures in the SIS tunneling spectra.
Early Pharmacological Treatment of Autism: A Rationale for Developmental Treatment

Autism is a dynamic neurodevelopmental syndrome in which disabilities emerge during the first three postnatal years and continue to evolve with ongoing development. We briefly review research in autism describing subtle changes in molecules important in brain development and neurotransmission, in morphology of specific neurons, brain connections, and in brain size. We then provide a general schema of how these processes may interact with particular emphasis on neurotransmission. In this context, we present a rationale for utilizing pharmacologic treatments aimed at modifying key neurodevelopmental processes in young children with autism. Early treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is presented as a model for pharmacologic interventions because there is evidence in autistic children for reduced brain serotonin synthesis during periods of peak synaptogenesis; serotonin is known to enhance synapse refinement; and exploratory studies with these agents in autistic children exist. Additional hypothetical developmental interventions and relevant published clinical data are described. Finally, we discuss the importance of exploring early pharmacologic interventions within multiple experimental settings in order to develop effective treatments as quickly as possible while minimizing risks.
Sex roles among married and unmarried couples

This article investigates sex roles among married and cohabiting couples. Male career precedence was more firmly entrenched both attitudinally and behaviorally among the former. Cohabiting women in couples planning to marry generally gave attitudinal support to their partner's career precedence, but were delaying the translation of these attitudes into concrete actions until after marriage. Cohabitors not planning to marry were essentially equalitarian, but the males in these couples were also less successful in career attainment than the other males. Male career precedence, the decision to marry, conventional allocation of household tasks, and male career success were all concomitant, although the exact causality could not be confidently established.
Therapeutic potential of RNA interference.

RNA interference (RNAi) involves the use of easily generated RNA fragments to down-regulate gene expression in a highly specific manner. Since its discovery, about seven years ago, the method has quickly evolved and is now a routine application in many molecular laboratories. Recent success in treating animal models of disease indicates that RNAi also has the potential to treat human disease.
Natural orifice transesophageal thoracoscopic surgery: A review of the current state

Since the concept of Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) was introduced, it has continued to gain significantly in popularity and enthusiasm for its potential clinical applications. The ability to perform conventional laparoscopic and thoracoscopic procedures without the creation of scars and perhaps faster and less painful recovery has prompted a worldwide devotion to further this field. While intra-abdominal NOTES has rapidly transitioned from animal models to human trials, applying the NOTES concept to perform thoracic procedures has been slower to gain momentum. The goal of this review is to summarize the current state of transesophageal NOTES thoracoscopy by looking at its potential for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions as well as the challenges in transitioning to human trials.
Influence of anticoagulants used for blood collection on plasma prothrombin fragment F1+2 measurements

Abstract The levels of prothrombin fragment F 1+2 were measured by a double antibody radioimmunoassay in blood samples collected into different anticoagulant solutions. We evaluated healthy males between the ages of 42 and 77, asymptomatic patients with hereditary deficiencies of protein C or protein S, and persons receiving tumor necrosis factor infusions. The results in specimens collected in an anticoagulant containing ACD, EDTA, adenosine, and 25 U/ml of heparin (a) were highly correlated with those collected in an anticoagulant containing a synthetic thrombin inhibitor, EDTA, and aprotinin (b). However, in asymptomatic patients with congenital antithrombin III deficiency, we found that the plasma levels of F 1+2 in blood collected in anticoagulant (a) were usually substantially higher than those collected in anticoagulant (b). We determined that this phenomenon was not attributable to the venipuncture procedure itself, but rather appears to be due to the action of low concentrations of heparin in the presence of reduced blood levels of antithrombin III. Our data show that the previously documented elevations in plasma F 1+2 levels in patients with congenital antithrombin III deficiency appear to be caused by the above in vitro anticoagulant effect, and that this population does not exhibit evidence of a prethrombotic state as defined by the F 1+2 assay.
Reconstitution of insulin action in muscle, white adipose tissue, and brain of insulin receptor knock-out mice fails to rescue diabetes

Type 2 diabetes results from an impairment of insulin action. The first demonstrable abnormality of insulin signaling is a decrease of insulin-dependent glucose disposal followed by an increase in hepatic glucose production. In an attempt to dissect the relative importance of these two changes in disease progression, we have employed genetic knock-outs/knock-ins of the insulin receptor. Previously, we demonstrated that insulin receptor knock-out mice (Insr(-/-)) could be rescued from diabetes by reconstitution of insulin signaling in liver, brain, and pancreatic β cells (L1 mice). In this study, we used a similar approach to reconstitute insulin signaling in tissues that display insulin-dependent glucose uptake. Using GLUT4-Cre mice, we restored InsR expression in muscle, fat, and brain of Insr(-/-) mice (GIRKI (Glut4-insulin receptor knock-in line 1) mice). Unlike L1 mice, GIRKI mice failed to thrive and developed diabetes, although their survival was modestly extended when compared with Insr(-/-). The data underscore the role of developmental factors in the presentation of murine diabetes. The broader implication of our findings is that diabetes treatment should not necessarily target the same tissues that are responsible for disease pathogenesis.
Local Quantum Protocols for Separable Measurements with Many Parties

In a recent paper [S. M. Cohen, Phys. Rev. A 84, 052322 (2011)], we showed how to construct a protocol for implementing a bipartite, separable quantum measurement using only local operations on subsystems and classical communication between parties (LOCC) within any fixed number of rounds of communication, whenever such a protocol exists. Here, we generalize that construction to one that applies for any number of parties. One important observation is that the construction automatically determines the ordering of the parties' measurements, overcoming a significant apparent difficulty in designing protocols for more than two parties. We also present various other results about LOCC, including showing that if, in any given measurement operator of the separable measurement under consideration, the local parts for two different parties are rank-1 operators that are not repeated in any other measurement operator of the measurement, then this separable measurement cannot be exactly implemented by LOCC in any finite number of rounds.
Recommendation Recall and Satisfaction After Attending Breast/Ovarian Cancer Risk Counseling

This study examined women’s recall of physician recommendations as well as patient satisfaction following participation in a breast/ovarian cancer risk and prevention program. Participants were 41 high risk women who attended a cancer risk program 4–6 months earlier. Two-thirds of women who received recommendations for tamoxifen treatment and genetic testing did not recall these recommendations upon follow-up. A number of women misunderstood recommendations and a quarter of the sample recalled recommendations that were not made during the consultation. Although these high risk women were generally satisfied with their counseling visit, those individuals who received particularly complex sets of recommendations reported feeling less understood and were less satisfied with the counseling. Findings underline the importance of examining recommendation recall, in addition to perceptions of cancer risk, when evaluating the clinical implications of cancer risk assessment.
Remote Thermometry to Avoid Complications in Radiofrequency Ablation

RESULTS Percutaneous image-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of tumors has the potential risk for thermal damage to nearby normal collateral tissues. Thus, the goal of creating a sufficient area of tumor necrosis must be weighed against the risk for injury to collateral tissues. In this study, remote thermistors were used to monitor temperatures near collateral structures during tumor RFA. Four unique cases are described. When temperature-sensitive structures are near the target lesion, remote thermometry could further increase the safety of this evolving minimally invasive procedure.
Budget‐Based Contracts, Budget Levels, and Group Performance

In this paper, we experimentally investigate the effects of budget‐based contracts and budget levels (performance targets) on group performance. We compare a group piece‐rate contract with two different specifications of a group budget‐based contract: (1) a group budget‐fixed contract that provides no remuneration for performance below the budget and a fixed bonus for performance meeting or exceeding the budget, and (2) a group budget‐linear contract that provides no remuneration for performance below the budget, a fixed bonus once the budget is attained, plus a piece‐rate for production in excess of the budget. We also assigned each group a budget level, set at 50 percent, 75 percent, or 100 percent of the group's performance capability. The results indicate that the group budget‐linear contract led to significantly higher group performance than both the group budget‐fixed contract and the group piece‐rate contract. Additionally, the 75 percent budget level led to significantly higher group performance t...
EFFECT OF VARIOUS CARBOHYDRATE (CHO) DIETS ON FASTING TRIGLYCERIDE (F TRIG) AND 24 HOUR TRIGLYCERIDE CONCENTRATIONS (TRIG IC)

The conclusion that a high CHO diet results in hypertrigly-ceridemia has been based entirely on F Trig values. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of variations in CHO intake on Trig IC as well as F Trig. Four diets were studied: 45% sucrose (A), 65% sucrose (B). 45% corn syrup (C), and 65% corn syrup (D). All diets included 15% protein and 300 mg. of cholesterol. The eight subjects consumed the constant liquid diets in random order (Latin square design) for 10 days prior to the 24 hour constant blood withdrawal study which provided the mean 24 hour triglyceride concentration or Trig 1C. Conclusions: 1. The F Trig does not accurately reflect the Trig 1C. 2. F Trig levels correlate with amount of carbohydrate. 3. Trig IC levels correlate with type of carbohydrate with higher Trig IC occurring during sucrose ingestion. 4. A high carbohydrate diet per se does not result in hypertriglyceridemia.
Propagation of profiled optical beams through kerr media

The propagation of profiled optical beams through cubically nonlinear Kerr media is investigated, theoretically and numerically. Specifically, propagation through both thin and thick nonlinear media are examined, and the far-field pattern after exit from the nonlinear medium are studied. The profiles investigated are Gaussian and sinctype, the latter obtained from the Fourier transform of a rectangular slit.
OPTIMAL SPATIAL SAMPLING TECHNIQUES FOR GROUND TRUTH DATA IN MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING OF SOIL MOISTURE

The paper examines optimal sampling techniques for obtaining accurate spatial averages of soil moisture, at various depths and for cell sizes in the range 2.5-40 acres, with a minimum number of samples. Both simple random sampling and stratified sampling procedures are used to reach a set of recommended sample sizes for each depth and for each cell size. Major conclusions from statistical sampling test results are that (1) the number of samples required decreases with increasing depth; (2) when the total number of samples cannot be prespecified or the moisture in only one single layer is of interest, then a simple random sample procedure should be used which is based on the observed mean and SD for data from a single field; (3) when the total number of samples can be prespecified and the objective is to measure the soil moisture profile with depth, then stratified random sampling based on optimal allocation should be used; and (4) decreasing the sensor resolution cell size leads to fairly large decreases in samples sizes with stratified sampling procedures, whereas only a moderate decrease is obtained in simple random sampling procedures.
Correlations between magnetism, microstructure, crystallography, and phase stability in GdNi1−xCox alloys

Abstract Relationships between the electronic structure, magnetostriction, and phase stability of the GdNi 1− x Co x system have been investigated. Increasing the concentration of Co in GdNi 1− x Co x (0 ⩽ x T C . The magnetic field and temperature dependent X-ray powder diffraction study of GdNi 0.85 Co 0.15 shows that the strong linear thermal expansion effects near T C are, however, absent. Density functional theory calculations show that hypothetical “GdCo” has positive formation energy, and density of states at the Fermi level indicates intrinsic instability of “GdCo” as opposed to GdNi. The enhanced exchange interaction energy of “GdCo” compared to GdNi supports the experimentally observed increasing Curie temperature of GdNi 1− x Co x with increasing x (Co).
Depression in narcotic addicts—A prospective study with a five-year follow-up

Abstract A number of recent studies have reported on the presence and significance of clinical depression in narcotic addicts.1–7 The majority of these prior reports have been conducted with male addicts at one point in time only. To our knowledge there have been no long-term follow-up studies of narcotic addicts which have looked at the recurrence of depression. The purpose of this article is to describe the recurrence of depression during a 5-year period of follow-up of male and female narcotic addicts. It has been observed that addiction, especially chronic, and withdrawal can cause or are associated with many of the somatic and psychological symptoms of depression. To investigate this effect, episodes of depression in the present study were categorized by subjects' reports into drug-related and nondrug-related episodes, and the usefulness of this categorization in predicting future episodes of depression during the follow-up period was investigated. Incidence rates of depression in subjects without a prior history of depression are also reported.
Learning Disabilities and other Attributes as Factors in Delinquent Activities among Adolescents in a Nonurban Area

Sammosy.--62% of 50 zdjudicated delinquents in the Palouse area of eastern Washington and northern Idaho showed learning disabilities when tested. Among the learning disabled and nonlearning disabled delinquents, there was no difference in kind or seriousness of delinquent activity. The typical delinquent of the nonurban Palouse area tends to be white, male and has a learning disabi!icy. His reading and mathematics skills are at least two years below grade. His family is large; his real parents are divorced. He comes from a poorer economic and cultural background than do the nondelinquents. This analysis s;lggests that the academic treatment of the learning disabled youngster should not be ignored as a factor in delinquency, especially in economically and culturally poor families. Among youth referred to clinics, delinquent behavior is the most reliable portent of lifelong difficuIties and even early death. The relation of specific learning disabilities and delinquency had received increasing attention in recent years by educators, correctional officials, and the general public. Learning disabilities, defined by Myklebust (1978), are deficiencies in learning in spite of average or above intelligence, adequate hearing, vision, general health and emotional adjustment. Such children have normal capacity for education and at least average scholarship is expected. Silberberg and Silberberg ( 197 1 ) published a critical examination of the literature and concluded that the history of juvenile delinquency suggested a. correlation between anrisocial behavior and lack of success at school. Roman ( 1957), Fendrick and Bond ( 1936), Kvaraceus ( 1960), Mauser ( 1974), Stenger ( 1975), and others were concerned with the relationship bemeen learning disabilities and delinquency. Berman ( 1976) randomly selected 45 boys, aged 15 co 18 yr. from a correctional facility in Providence, Rhode Island. The boys, 32% of whom were black and 68% white, were matched by race and age to a conrrol group and given the Halstead-Reitan battery. Seventy percent of the delinquent and 20% of the control group had measurable disabilities significant enough for professional attention. Murray ( 1976) inferred from a review of the litcramre chat, although the evidence of a learning disability/delinquency link was inconclusive, the topic was worthy of further, more systematic investigation. He recommended a search ro determine the
Superior vena cava syndrome: an increasingly frequent complication of cardiac procedures.

Background A 29-year-old woman presented with chest pressure, progressive dyspnea, fatigue, and swelling of her face, neck and upper extremities. Four days earlier, she had undergone a procedure for treatment of inappropriate sinus tachycardia, during which atrioventricular node ablation and implantation of a single-lead VVI pacemaker had been performed following an unsuccessful attempt at sinus node modification. Investigations Physical examination, contrast-enhanced CT of the chest, Doppler ultrasonography of the upper extremities, venography, coagulation studies, echocardiography. Diagnosis Superior vena cava syndrome due to thrombotic obstruction—a complication of a cardiac procedure. Management Anticoagulation, catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy, mechanical thrombectomy, pericardiocentesis.
Field tests of the Raman gas composition sensor

A gas composition sensor based on Raman spectroscopy using reflective metal lined capillary waveguides is tested under field conditions for feedforward applications in combustion control. The capillary waveguide enables effective use of low powered lasers and rapid composition determination, for computation of required parameters to pre-adjust burner control based on incoming fuel. Tests on high pressure fuel streams show sub-second time response and better than one percent accuracy on natural gas fuel mixtures. Fuel composition and Wobbe constant values are provided at one second intervals or faster. The sensor, designed and constructed at NETL, is packaged for Class I Division 2 operations typical of gas turbine and boiler environments, and samples gas at up to 800 psig. Simultaneous determination of the hydrocarbons methane, ethane, and propane plus CO, CO2, H2O, H2, N2, and O2 are realized. The capillary waveguide permits use of miniature spectrometers and laser power of less than 100 mW. The capillary dimensions of 1 m length and 300 μm ID also enable a full sample exchange in 0.4 s or less at 5 psig pressure differential, which allows a fast response to changes in sample composition. Sensor operation under field operation conditions will be reported.
The structure of the pseudo-equilibrium manifold in economies with incomplete markets

Abstract This paper addresses the classical question: Is financial innovation beneficial to a society when markets are incomplete? The general answer given here is, ‘on average, yes’. The approach we employ is global analysis. To be precise, we consider the standard two-period exchange economy with uncertainty over S states of nature in the second period. There are l agents and J real assets, where J S . It is shown that the set of Pareto pseudo-equilibria Φ p forms a submanifold (a subvector bundle) of the pseudo-equilibrium manifold Φ (vector bundle), whose codimension in Φ is ( S − J )( l − 1). A simple economic intuition captured by this result is that, from a global point of view, more assets are beneficial to a society in the sense that more assets reduce the codimension of the set of Pareto equilibria and therefore enlarge its relative size in Φ . Therefore, ‘on average’, there is a greater chance of efficiency if we open new markets. Furthermore, the presence of the term ( l − 1) indicates that the inefficiency cost of market incompleteness increases as the number of agents increases.
Purification and quantification of Fusobacterium necrophorum leukotoxin by using monoclonal antibodies

Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) were produced to the leukotoxin of Fusobacterium necrophorum. Two mAbs (F7B10 and E12E9) partially neutralized leukotoxin activity, as determined by a tetrazolium (MTT)-dye reduction assay with bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophils as target cells. Immunoblot analysis showed that both clones reacted with antigens of 110 and 131 kilodaltons. Epitope analysis showed that the two mAbs recognized the same epitope. An affinity column containing immobilized mAb F7B10 was used to purify leukotoxin from crude toxin. Affinity chromatography of 1 ml of culture supernatant resulted in 0.67 microgram or 1350 units of leukotoxin. Leukotoxin was quantitated by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using mAb F7B10 as the capture antibody and as the biotinylated indicator. The minimal detectable level was approximately 1 ng, corresponding to 2 leukotoxin units in the sample.
The alias advantage and perceptions of guilt.

The present study is an examination of the perception of guilt based on the number of aliases used by a defendant. Participants in Experiment 1 (N = 275) reviewed materials summarizing an actual crime in which the defendant was identified with no alias information or with 1, 5, or 9 aliases. Participants were asked to decide if the suspect was guilty and if so, what his sentence should be. Results showed that the presence of alias information influenced perceptions of guilt. However, in conditions where the defendant had more aliases, the maximum sentence was imposed less often. Relationship information linking the suspect and the victim in the materials was removed for some of the participants in Experiment 2. Participants (N = 265) were provided with either no alias information or all 9 aliases. An interaction was found in Experiment 2 demonstrating the alias advantage only when the relationship information was present. However, the relationship information had minimal effect on the attributions made to...
Can partial auxiliary liver transplantation protect kidney grafts in highly sensitized patients

Can partial auxiliary liver transplantation protect kidney grafts in highly sensitized patients?
Ethanol Preference, Metabolism, Blood Pressure, and Conditioned Taste Aversion in Experimental Cholestasis

The effect of a ligation of the common bile duct (BDL) on the chronic free-selection intake of ethanol was investigated. Rats were given a choice between water and a solution of either 6% (v/v) ethanol, 0.06% (w/v) sodium saccharin, or a mixture of both ethanol and saccharin. In different experiments, solutions were first presented either 3 weeks before surgery, about the time of surgery, or 2 weeks after surgery. Reductions in ethanol or saccharin intake were observed in BDL rats whenever the solutions were first presented either 3 weeks before or shortly after the surgery. No differences attributable to BDL were seen when ethanol solutions were first presented 2 weeks after surgery. The contingent nature of the effect suggests that the reduction results from a conditioned taste aversion rather than from differences in ethanol metabolism, sensitivity, or neurohormones such as angiotensin. The findings urge caution in the monitoring of the dietary habits of patients with a rapidly developing biliary obstruction.
Oral healthcare access and adequacy in alternative long-term care facilities.

This study was undertaken to determine practices and perceived barriers to access related to oral health by surveying administrators in Michigan alternative long-term care facilities (ALTCF). A 24-item questionnaire was mailed to all 2,275 Michigan ALTCF serving residents aged 60. Facility response rate was 22% (n 508). Eleven percent of facilities had a written dental care plan; 18% stated a dentist examined new residents; and 19% of facilities had an agreement with a dentist to come to the facility, with 52% of those being for emergency care only. The greatest perceived barriers were willingness of general and specialty dentists to treat residents at the nursing facility and/or private offices as well as financial concerns. Substantial barriers to care were uniformly perceived. Oral health policies and practices within Michigan ALTCF vary, as measured by resources, attitudes, and the availability of professional care. There is limited involvement by dental professionals in creating policy and providing consultation and service.
Membrane binding events in the initiation and propagation phases of tissue factor-initiated zymogen activation under flow.

This study investigates the dynamics of zymogen activation when both extrinsic tenase and prothrombinase are assembled on an appropriate membrane. Although the activation of prothrombin by surface-localized prothrombinase is clearly mediated by flow-induced dilutional effects, we find that when factor X is activated in isolation by surface-localized extrinsic tenase, it exhibits characteristics of diffusion-mediated activation in which diffusion of substrate to the catalytically active region is rate-limiting. When prothrombin and factor X are activated coincident with each other, competition for available membrane binding sites masks the diffusion-limiting effects of factor X activation. To verify the role of membrane binding in the activation of factor X by extrinsic tenase under flow conditions, we demonstrate that bovine lactadherin competes for both factor X and Xa binding sites, limiting factor X activation and forcing the release of bound factor Xa from the membrane at a venous shear rate (100 s−1). Finally, we present steady-state models of prothrombin and factor X activation under flow showing that zymogen and enzyme membrane binding events further regulate the coagulation process in an open system representative of the vasculature geometry.
Organizational Distortions and Failures: A Method to Expose Them

As engineers, we pride ourselves on being problem solvers. The paper, however, defines a class of problems that are serious, pervasive, and largely ignored. These are complex human problems that include widespread distortion of information. A methodology is presented to expose such problems. It draws upon two abilities long practiced by engineers: We learn from experience and draw sketches. Through this methodology, the paper describes how information can be distorted with catastrophic consequences even though the individuals involved are normal and well adjusted people who see their own behaviors as proper and reasonable. Blaming individuals often misperceives such problems. The paper provides an alternative to blame. The methodology has potentially widespread application for the study of accidents, failures, and environmental degradation.
Agonist-like character of the (R)-enantiomer of 1-hydroxy-3-amino-pyrrolid-2-one (HA-966).

Abstract HA-966 (1-hydroxy-3-amino-pyrrolid-2-one), an antagonist at the strychine-insensitive glycine site on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex, only partially inhibits the binding of noncompetitive antagonists to the NMDA receptor but enhances the binding of the NMDA competitive antagonist CPP (3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid). Here we report that the IC 50 of the active (R)-enantiomer of HA-966 for displacement of [ 3 H]glycine binding is decreased in the presence of spermine, suggesting that spermine increases the affinity of (R)-HA-966 at the [ 3 H]glycine site. The IC 50 values of the agonist glycine and the partial agonist 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxyalate are also decreases. The IC 50 values of glycine antagonists, 6,7-dinitroquinoxalin-2,3-dione and 7-chlorokynurenic acid are not significantly altered. The spermine shift represents the first demonstration of the agonist-like character of the (R)-enantiomer of HA-966 at the glycine site.
The Gaussian Nonlinearity's Output Power Spectral Density Due to a Sinusoid Plus Band-Limited Noise

A sinusoid accompanied by stationary, additive, nonzero-mean, band-limited, white Gaussian noise is passed through a Gaussian nonlinear characteristic, and the output power spectral density is evaluated by using known results due to Rice and Atherton. Several characteristics of the Gaussian nonlinearity are revealed in the process, and input tuning is shown to contribute to output noise reduction. The results are applicable in the analysis of tracking systems employing sinusoidal dithers.
Relative Effectiveness of Certain Chemosterilizers on Selected Microbial Species

Bacterial effectiveness of five different disinfectants was tested when microorganisms were absorbed to both porous and nonporous surfaces in the presence and absence of protein. These chemosterilizers were most active against microorganisms used to coat nonporous surfaces in the absence of protein. Organisms survived optimally when porous surfaces were precoated with protein.
Damage to functional components and partial degradation of Photosystem II reaction center proteins upon chloroplast exposure to ultraviolet-B radiation

Abstract Exposure of thylakoid membranes to ultraviolet-B radiation caused inhibition of semiquinone anion formation at Q A , inhibition of plastoquinone photoreduction and lower rates of Photosystem II electron-transport to artificial electron acceptors. The amplitude of pheophytin photoreduction was unaffected by the UV-B treatment, suggesting lack of a UV-B adverse effect on the primary charge separation reaction between the photochemical reaction center P680 and pheophytin. Under the experimental conditions employed, approx. 50% inhibition in Q A photoreduction and in the variable to maximal fluorescence ratio ( F / F max ) was observed. However, plastoquinone photoreduction was lowered by about 65% and electron-transport measurements from H 2 O to dichlorophenol indophenol were inhibited by 70–90% in the UV-B treated thylakoids. Rates of electron-transport through PS II could not be restored upon inclusion of artificial donors such as diphenyl carbazide or hydroxylamine. The results suggest a UV-B-induced damage to the primary quinone acceptor Q A and impairment in the function of plastoquinone in the thylakoid membrane. SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analysis of UV-B-exposed thylakoids revealed the appearance of small quantities of polypeptide fragments (13,11 and 5 kDa) from the Photosystem II reaction-center proteins. We suggest multiple independent targets of UV-B-irradiance in Photosystem II and point to plastoquinone, in its many different configurations in the thylakoid membrane, as a primary UV-B photosensitizer molecule.
The Labor Market Returns to AACSB Accreditation

We examine whether there is a wage premium from attending an AACSB accredited business college compared to a non-accredited business college. To estimate the returns to AACSB accreditation, we use data from the 1993/1994 Baccalaureate and Beyond Longitudinal Study, which provides a rich set of control variables. The earnings regressions suggest that there is no wage premium associated with graduating from an AACSB accredited business college upon entry into the workforce.