cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of mRNAs bound and regulated by human LIN28 proteins and molecular requirements for RNA recognition

Human LIN28A and LIN28B are RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) conserved in animals with important roles during development and stem cell reprogramming. We used Photoactivatable-Ribonucleoside-Enhanced Crosslinking and Immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP) in HEK293 cells and identified a largely overlapping set of ∼3000 mRNAs at ∼9500 sites located in the 3' UTR and CDS. In vitro and in vivo, LIN28 preferentially bound single-stranded RNA containing a uridine-rich element and one or more flanking guanosines and appeared to be able to disrupt base-pairing to access these elements when embedded in predicted secondary structure. In HEK293 cells, LIN28 protein binding mildly stabilized target mRNAs and increased protein abundance. The top targets were its own mRNAs and those of other RBPs and cell cycle regulators. Alteration of LIN28 protein levels also negatively regulated the abundance of some but not all let-7 miRNA family members, indicating sequence-specific binding of let-7 precursors to LIN28 proteins and competition with cytoplasmic miRNA biogenesis factors.
“Babylon Makes the Rules”: Compliance, Fear, and Self‐Discipline in the Quest for Official NGO Status

As untrained social agents endeavor to create new, grassroots nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), they quickly discover that in order for their nascent organizations to gain official status, and thus enjoy the benefits that come with it, they must first do the compliance necessary to register with the government agency or agencies responsible for regulating and monitoring their practices. Although it may not be regarded as such, the official registration process is more than just a means to an end; it has the power to produce new subjectivities that organize and constrain the social experience of NGO activism. As discontented citizens attempt to realize their unique visions of social justice by entering the field of NGO-based social activism, they “fall into” a habitus that disposes them to certain patterns of thought and behavior while rendering other patterns undesirable. This article uses ethnographic accounts of the evolution of a local development NGO founded and administered by Rastafari elders in Trinidad, West Indies, to illustrate how this habitus, a product of the iterative experiences surrounding the establishment and maintenance of an official NGO, structures the way grassroots social activists, with little or no prior administrative experience, understand, and respond to the problems and situations they encounter as they attempt to create their own NGOs.
Nanoindentation of lemur enamel: an ecological investigation of mechanical property variations within and between sympatric species.

The common morphological metrics of size, shape, and enamel thickness of teeth are believed to reflect the functional requirements of a primate's diet. However, the mechanical and material properties of enamel also contribute to tooth function, yet are rarely studied. Substantial wear and tooth loss previously documented in Lemur catta at the Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve suggests that their dental morphology, structure, and possibly their enamel are not adapted for their current fallback food (the mechanically challenging tamarind fruit). In this study, we investigate the nanomechanical properties, mineralization, and microstructure of the enamel of three sympatric lemur species to provide insight into their dietary functional adaptations. Mechanical properties measured by nanoindentation were compared to measurements of mineral content, prism orientation, prism size, and enamel thickness using electron microscopy. Mechanical properties of all species were similar near the enamel dentin junction and variations correlated with changes in microstructure (e.g., prism size) and mineral content. Severe wear and microcracking within L. catta's enamel were associated with up to a 43% reduction in nanomechanical properties in regions of cracking versus intact enamel. The mechanical and material properties of L. catta's enamel are similar to those of sympatric folivores and suggest that they are not uniquely mechanically adapted to consume the physically challenging tamarind fruit. An understanding of the material and mechanical properties of enamel is required to fully elucidate the functional and ecological adaptations of primate teeth. Am J Phys Anthropol 148:178–190, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electron trapping in buried oxides during irradiation at 40 and 300 K

The formation of electron traps has been studied in thermally grown silicon dioxide that was encapsulated by polysilicon and annealed at temperatures from 1100 to 1325/spl deg/C. Samples with oxide thicknesses of 100 and 400 nm were examined by cryogenic and room temperature detrapping measurements. Two distinct electron traps were observed in buried oxides; the thermal trap depths are 0.5 and 1.1 eV and the tunneling depths are 0.9 and 1.5 eV. The deeper electron trap is filled by room temperature irradiation. The deeper trap is detrapped by thermal excitation between room temperature and 120/spl deg/C or by tunneling at fields between 4 and 5 MV/cm. The formation of both electron traps is diffusion limited and the Si/SiO/sub 2/ interfaces are the source or sink for the diffusing species. While shallow trap formation monotonically increases with annealing temperature, trapping in the deeper trap peaks at about 1200/spl deg/C for the 400 nm thickness and at 1100/spl deg/C or lower for the 100 nm thickness. The occupation of shallow traps during cryogenic irradiation decreases the occupation of the deeper trap compared with room temperature irradiation. At high concentrations, the shallow traps decrease the tunneling field of the deeper trap by trap-assisted tunneling.
Keyframe Based Video Object Deformation

This paper presents a novel deformation system for video objects. The system is designed to minimize the amount of user interaction, while providing flexible and precise user control. It has a keyframe-based user interface. The user only needs to manipulate the video object at several keyframes. Our algorithm smoothly propagate the editing result from the keyframes to the remaining frames and automatically generate the new video object. The algorithm is able to preserve the temporal coherence as well as the shape features of the video object in the original video clips. We demonstrate the potential of our system with a variety of examples.
Seasonal prediction skill of ECMWF System 4 and NCEP CFSv2 retrospective forecast for the Northern Hemisphere Winter

The seasonal prediction skill for the Northern Hemisphere winter is assessed using retrospective predictions (1982–2010) from the ECMWF System 4 (Sys4) and National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) CFS version 2 (CFSv2) coupled atmosphere–ocean seasonal climate prediction systems. Sys4 shows a cold bias in the equatorial Pacific but a warm bias is found in the North Pacific and part of the North Atlantic. The CFSv2 has strong warm bias from the cold tongue region of the eastern Pacific to the equatorial central Pacific and cold bias in broad areas over the North Pacific and the North Atlantic. A cold bias in the Southern Hemisphere is common in both reforecasts. In addition, excessive precipitation is found in the equatorial Pacific, the equatorial Indian Ocean and the western Pacific in Sys4, and in the South Pacific, the southern Indian Ocean and the western Pacific in CFSv2. A dry bias is found for both modeling systems over South America and northern Australia. The mean prediction skill of 2 meter temperature (2mT) and precipitation anomalies are greater over the tropics than the extra-tropics and also greater over ocean than land. The prediction skill of tropical 2mT and precipitation is greater in strong El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) winters than in weak ENSO winters. Both models predict the year-to-year ENSO variation quite accurately, although sea surface temperature trend bias in CFSv2 over the tropical Pacific results in lower prediction skill for the CFSv2 relative to the Sys4. Both models capture the main ENSO teleconnection pattern of strong anomalies over the tropics, the North Pacific and the North America. However, both models have difficulty in forecasting the year-to-year winter temperature variability over the US and northern Europe.
Does the method of radiologic surveillance affect survival after resection of stage I non–small cell lung cancer?

Objectives Controversy persists regarding appropriate radiographic surveillance strategies after lung cancer resection. We compared the impact of surveillance computed tomography scan versus chest radiography in patients who underwent resection for stage I lung cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of all patients undergoing resection for pathologic stage I lung cancer from January 2000 to April 2013. After resection, follow-up included routine history and physical examination in conjunction with chest radiography or computed tomography at the discretion of the treating physician. Identification of successive lung malignancy (ie, recurrence at any new site or new primary) and survival were recorded. Results There were 554 evaluable patients, with 232 receiving routine postoperative computed tomography and 322 receiving routine chest radiography. Postoperative 5-year survival was 67.8% in the computed tomography group versus 74.8% in the chest radiography group ( P = .603). Successive lung malignancy was found in 27% (63/232) of patients receiving computed tomography versus 22% (72/322) receiving chest radiography ( P = .19). The mean time from surgery to diagnosis of successive malignancy was 1.93 years for computed tomography versus 2.56 years for chest radiography ( P = .046). For the computed tomography group, 41% (26/63) of successive malignancies were treated with curative intent versus 40% (29/72) in the chest radiography group ( P = .639). Cox proportional hazard analysis indicated imaging modality (computed tomography vs chest radiography) was not associated with survival ( P = .958). Conclusions Surveillance computed tomography may result in earlier diagnosis of successive malignancy versus chest radiography in stage I lung cancer, although no difference in survival was demonstrated. A randomized trial would help determine the impact of postoperative surveillance strategies on survival.
Fiber tractogrophy and tract segmentation in multiple sclerosis lesions

Diffusion tensor imaging provides rich information about human brain connectivity in vivo, yet most current methods for fiber tractography or tract segmentation do not address white matter pathologies such as multiple sclerosis lesions, which can alter the diffusion tensor characteristics. We study here the effects of MS lesions on estimated diffusion tensors and how they affect the processing of fibers and tracts. An efficient correction algorithm is proposed to compensate for lesion areas in two different approaches to fiber tracking and tract segmentation. Application of the algorithm to real data acquired from MS patients demonstrates improved fiber tracking through lesion regions.
Gut-Derived Serotonin Is a Multifunctional Determinant to Fasting Adaptation

Energy release from cellular storage is mandatory for survival during fasting. This is achieved through lipolysis and liver gluconeogenesis. We show here that in the mouse, gut-derived serotonin (GDS) is upregulated during fasting and that it favors both mechanisms. In adipocytes, GDS signals through the Htr2b receptor to favor lipolysis by increasing phosphorylation and activity of hormone-sensitive lipase. In hepatocytes, GDS signaling through Htr2b promotes gluconeogenesis by enhancing activity of two rate-limiting gluconeogenic enzymes, FBPase and G6Pase. In addition, GDS signaling in hepatocytes prevents glucose uptake in a Glut2-dependent manner, thereby further favoring maintenance of blood glucose levels. As a result, inhibition of GDS synthesis can improve glucose intolerance caused by high-fat diet. Hence, GDS opposes deleterious consequences of food deprivation by favoring lipolysis and liver gluconeogenesis while preventing glucose uptake by hepatocytes. As a result, pharmacological inhibition of its synthesis may contribute to improve type 2 diabetes.
In silico Derivation of HLA-Specific Alloreactivity Potential from Whole Exome Sequencing of Stem-Cell Transplant Donors and Recipients: Understanding the Quantitative Immunobiology of Allogeneic Transplantation.

Donor T cell mediated graft versus host effects (GVH) may result from the aggregate alloreactivity to minor histocompatibility antigens (mHA) presented by the HLA molecules in each donor-recipient pair undergoing stem cell transplantation (SCT). Whole exome sequencing has previously demonstrated a large number of nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) present in HLA-matched recipients of SCT donors (GVH direction). The nucleotide sequence flanking each of these SNPs was obtained and the amino acid sequence determined. All the possible nonameric-peptides incorporating the variant amino acid resulting from these SNPs were interrogated in-silico for their likelihood to be presented by the HLA class I molecules using the Immune Epitope Database stabilized matrix method (SMM) and NetMHCpan algorithms. The SMM algorithm predicted that a median of 18,396 peptides weakly bound HLA class I molecules in individual SCT recipients, and 2,254 peptides displayed strong binding. A similar library of presented peptides was identified when the data was interrogated using the NetMHCpan algorithm. The bioinformatic algorithm presented here demonstrates that there may be a high level of mHA variation in HLA-matched individuals, constituting an HLA-specific alloreactivity potential.
Non-renewable resource prices: deterministic or stochastic trends?

In this paper, we examine temporal properties of 11 natural resource real price series from 1870 to 1990. Recent studies by Ahrens and Sharma [Trends in natural resource commodity prices: deterministic or stochastic? J. Environ. Econom. Manage. 33(1997)59–74], Berck and Roberts [Natural resource prices: will they ever turn up? J. Environ. Econom. Manage. 31(1996)65–78], and Slade [Grade selection under uncertainty: least cost last and other anomalies, J. Environ. Econom. Manage. 15(1988)189–205], among others, find that many non-renewable resource prices have a stochastic trend. We revisit this issue by employing a Lagrangian multiplier unit root test that allows for two endogenously determined structural breaks with and without a quadratic trend. Contrary to previous research, we find evidence against the unit root hypothesis for all price series. Our findings support characterizing natural resource prices as stationary around deterministic trends with structural breaks. We additionally show that both pre-testing for unit roots with breaks and allowing for breaks in the forecast model can improve forecast accuracy. Overall, the results in this paper are important in both a positive and normative sense; without an appropriate understanding of the dynamics of a time series, empirical verification of theories, forecasting, and proper inference are potentially fruitless.
Regulation of Fibronectin and Laminin Synthesis by Retinal Capillary Endothelial Cells and Pericytes In Vitro

Retinal capillaries are composed of endothelial cells resting on a basement membrane, in which are embedded pericytes. In diabetes mellitus, the basement membrane becomes thickened, and there is a loss of pericytes. The relative contributions of endothelial cells and pericytes to the synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins which are components of the basement membrane are not well-characterized. To determine how a selective loss of pericytes might affect the composition of retinal capillary basement membranes, we used primary cultures of bovine retinal capillary endothelial cells and pericytes to determine the forms and quantify the amounts of laminin and fibronectin synthesized and secreted by these cell types as well as to determine how high glucose concentrations alter these parameters. Results of ELISAs showed that pericyte cell/matrix layers contained nearly ten times more fibronectin than endothelial cells (288 ± 24 vs. 34 ± 5 ng μg-1 DNA, P < 0·001), but the amounts of laminin were similar. d -glucose (40 mM) tripled the amount of fibronectin incorporated into the endothelial cell/matrix layer (102 ± 4 vs. 34 ± 5 ng μg-1 DNA, P < 0·05), but had a lesser effect on pericytes. The non-metabolizable analogue l-glucose, also increased the amount of fibronectin incorporated in both pericyte and endothelial cell/matrix layers. The effects of d- and l-glucose on fibronectin secreted into the medium by both cell types were similar to the effects on incorporation of fibronectin into cell/matrix layers. Glucose had no effect on laminin synthesis. [35S]methionine radiolabeling and immunoprecipitation showed that pericytes and endothelial cells synthesize different forms of fibronectin. Both pericytes and endothelial cells synthesized an A and two B chains of laminin which were of similar apparent size, but the two cell types post-translationally modified the subunits differently. We conclude that pericytes and endothelial cells may contribute different forms and amounts of fibronectin and laminin to the retinal capillary basement membrane, so the preferential loss of pericytes in diabetes could result in basement membrane abnormalities which might lead to endothelial cell dysfunction.
FISCAL STRESS, COMPETING VALUES AND MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE: WHAT FATE BEFELL AFFIRMATIVE ACTION IN MUNICIPAL POLICE DEPARTMENTS?

The late 1970s and early 1980s represent a difficult period for affirmative action programs in American cities. Given a new, conservative political environment symbolized by the re-election of Rona...
Coping With Trauma and Stressful Events as a Patient With an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator

The lifesaving value and improved quality-of-life outcomes of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) are well established. However, for some patients, having an ICD implanted or receiving a therapy from the device can be considered stressful or traumatic. In fact, the experience and diagnosis of heart problems can be traumatic. Here, we review potential stressful or traumatic ICD patient experiences and provide an action plan for developing effective coping responses. Most people with ICDs have faced stressful and potentially traumatic events at some point in their life. Reactions to traumatic events range from brief, normal, and healthy to long-term, pathological, and debilitating. The difference between an event that is considered stressful and an event that is considered traumatic is primarily the personal reaction to the event. If the reaction is one of fear, helplessness, or horror, it is typically considered traumatic by mental health specialists. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a specific reaction to a traumatic experience. This reaction involves symptoms such as high anxiety, avoidance, and re-experiencing the event in the form of unwanted thoughts, dreams, or flashbacks. In the general public, approximately 8% of people meet the criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder,1 whereas 20% of ICD patients have significant symptoms of PTSD, meaning that 1 in 5 people with an ICD has PTSD.2 Although many more than 20% of ICD patients experience ICD-related “traumatic experiences,” not all develop trauma reactions such as PTSD. Risk factors for developing PTSD symptoms include lack of support from family or friends, a family or personal history of mental illness, a history of sexual or physical abuse as a child, or a cognitive or thought disorder.3 Ultimately, the distinction between a stressful event and a traumatic event has more to do with a person’s reaction to the …
TOWARDS A THEORY OF ELABORATION TOLERANCE: LOGIC PROGRAMMING APPROACH

This paper is an attempt at mathematical investigation of software development process in the context of declarative logic programming. We introduce notions of specification and specification constructor which are developed from natural language description of a problem. Generalizations of logic programs, called lp-functions are introduced to represent these specifications. We argue that the process of constructing lp-function representing a specification S should be supported by certain types of mathematical results which we call representation theorems. We present two such theorems to illustrate the idea.
Evidence of an evolutionary precursor to human language affixation in a non-human primate.

Human language, and grammatical competence in particular, relies on a set of computational operations that, in its entirety, is not observed in other animals. Such uniqueness leaves open the possibility that components of our linguistic competence are shared with other animals, having evolved for non-linguistic functions. Here, we explore this problem from a comparative perspective, asking whether cotton-top tamarin monkeys (Saguinus oedipus) can spontaneously (no training) acquire an affixation rule that shares important properties with our inflectional morphology (e.g. the rule that adds –ed to create the past tense, as in the transformation of walk into walk-ed). Using playback experiments, we show that tamarins discriminate between bisyllabic items that start with a specific ‘prefix’ syllable and those that end with the same syllable as a ‘suffix’. These results suggest that some of the computational mechanisms subserving affixation in a diversity of languages are shared with other animals, relying on basic perceptual or memory primitives that evolved for non-linguistic functions.
Cancer and men who have sex with men: a systematic review

Disparities in cancer burden between specific populations are widely acknowledged, including differences associated with sexual orientation. We searched PubMed for articles about cancer in men who have sex with men. Of the 410 publications that we identified, 47 reports were eligible for inclusion and review. Most addressed issues of cancer prevention, followed by diagnosis, survivorship, detection, and cancer treatment. Disparities exist mainly in the prevalence of viruses linked to cancers. Knowledge about sexual orientation and cancer is skewed towards infection-related cancers, so information about the association between sexual orientation and other cancers, and social and cultural causes for disparities in cancer, is less available. Men who have sex with men are still a largely overlooked minority group in this respect. Future research should examine the effects of sexual orientation on cancer, from prevention to survivorship.
New generalized structural filtering concept for active vibration control synthesis

A new concept of generalized structural filtering and its application to active vibration control synthesis are presented. .The concept is a natural extension of the classical notch and phase-lead/-lag filtering, and emphasizes the use of a nonminimum-phase filter, which has zeros in the right-half s plane. Application of this concept to single-input/singleoutput systems with many oscillatory modes results in a robust feedback compensator with much physical insight. The concept also enables the control designer to understand the inherent nature of an "optimal" compensator and to modify the optimal design to be more robust and meaningful. This paper shows that, for certain cases, nonminimumphase structural filtering provides the proper phase lag to increase the closed-loop damping of the flexible modes while maintaining good performance and robustness to parameter variations.
Ghostly Births: The Spectre of Romanticism and the Future of Capitalism

Welche Gotter werden uns von allen diesen Ironien erretten konnen? das einzige ware, wenn sich eine Ironie fande, welche die Eigenschaft hatte, alle jene grosen und kleinen Ironien zu verschlucken und zu verschlingen, das nichts mehr davon zu sehen ware, und ich mus gestehen, das ich eben dazu in der meinigen eine merkliche Disposition fuhle. Aber auch das wurde nur auf kurze Zeit helfen konnen. Ich furchte, wenn ich anders, was das Schicksal in Winken zu sagen scheint, richtig verstehe, es wurde bald eine neue Generation von kleinen Ironien entstehn: denn wahrlich die Gestirne deuten auf fantastisch.
Omphalitis Associated with Aspergillus fumigatus in Poults

Abstract Omphalitis associated with aspergillosis was diagnosed in four cases of commercial turkey poults ranging in age from 3 to 9 days old. In two cases, the mycotic agent present in the yolk sac was isolated and identified as Aspergillus fumigatus. In the other two cases, the fungi were identified as Aspergillus sp. on the basis of morphologic characteristics of the fungi in tissue sections. The fungi present were further confirmed to be of the genus Aspergillus by immunohistochemistry. Omphalitis by A. fumigatus infection has not been documented before.
The summer academy for advancing deaf and hard of hearing in computing

Deaf and hard of hearing students are an underrepresented group in computing and face extra challenges in university-level computing courses. This paper describes a 9-week Summer Academy for Advancing Deaf and Hard of Hearing in Computing that jump-starts the academic careers of deaf and hard of hearing students and strengthens their interest in computing. Students take introductory computing and animation in a fun, supportive, accessible environment. We report on some of the problems students face and lessons we have learned about helping them overcome those problems. Through the academy, they meet other successful deaf and hard of hearing technology professionals, tour top computing companies, and display their own work to the local deaf and hard of hearing community. Students gain leadership, independent learning skills, and complete the program better prepared for a college major in computing.
Ultrasound-guided thrombin injection for treatment of superficial traumatic pseudoaneurysms and associated expanding hematomas: experience in five patients

Angiography allows for excellent characterization and treatment of traumatic pseudoaneurysms. However, ultrasound-guided thrombin injection for pseudoaneurysm thrombosis allows for radiation-free treatment of superficial pseudoaneurysms and superficial expanding hematomas. A retrospective review of 5 patient cases treated under this paradigm was performed following institutional review board approval. Outcomes following intervention were recorded and compared amongst the patient cohort. Ultrasound-guided closure of traumatic pseudoaneurysms allowed for reduced procedural times and procedural invasiveness. As demonstrated by the following cases, ultrasound guided thrombin injection is a good method of primary treatment for superficial pseudoaneurysms, or as an alternative treatment in cases where transcatheter embolization fails.
Intestinal distension alters vagal efferent activity and small intestinal transport in vivo

We investigated whether intestinal distension altered net water absorption by an adjacent noncontiguous segment of intestine and the mechanism for this effect. Influx and efflux catheters were placed in two intestinal loops, after which the bowel was transected between the loops. During perfusion with Ringers-HCO3-, the proximal loop efflux catheter was elevated 5, 10, or 15 cm above the plane of the rat. Net water absorption was measured in the nondistended caudal (control) loop. Elevation of the proximal loop efflux catheter caused distension and increased intraluminal pressure in this loop but did not alter the circumference or intraluminal pressure of the caudal loop. Distension increased net water absorption by the caudal loop if the vagi were intact and the splanchnic nerves transected. Afferent vagotomy prevented the distension effect. Using the intracellular recording technique, we were able to show that the increase in absorption resulted from a reduction in the activity of vagal neurons innervating the gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal distension reduced the neural activity of 24 of 26 vagal efferent neurons. Our results demonstrate that after splanchnectomy intestinal distension activates a neural circuit that includes afferent and efferent vagal fibers, resulting in increased water absorption.
When is the Optimal Domain of a Positive Linear Operator a Weighted L 1 -space?

Let E be a reflexive Banach function space. Let T be a positive order continuous operator with values in E. Then the optimal domain [T, E] is (isomorphic to) a weighted L 1-space if and only if the operator T is an integral operator with kernel T(x, y), the adjoint operator T′ is a Carleman integral operator and there exists 0≤g∈E′ such that ϕ(y)=∥T y ′ (·)∥E≤T′g(y) a.e. on Y. In this case [T, E]=L 1(Y, ϕdυ).
Syntactic closures

In this paper we describe syntactic closures. Syntactic closures address the scoping problems that arise when writing macros. We discuss some issues raised by introducing syntactic closures into the macro expansion interface, and we compare syntactic closures with other approaches. Included is a complete implementation.
Catastrophizing and anxiety sensitivity mediate the relationship between persistent pain and emotional eating

Stress-induced or "emotional eating" contributes to increased caloric intake and weight gain, yet models examining psychosocial factors that promote and sustain this behavior are incomplete. There is a need to identify explicit, clinically-relevant mechanisms of emotional eating behavior. Pain is a common stressor associated with increased weight and, potentially, altered eating behaviors. The present study applies the Fear Avoidance Model (FAM) of pain to examine processes that may explain the relationship between pain and increased weight while also providing the opportunity to examine specific mechanisms that may encourage eating during a variety of stressors. Our aim is to better understand the impact of pain on eating behavior and the potential for the FAM to improve our understanding of the psychological mechanisms that promote eating during times of duress. A survey of 312 adults explored the link between pain experience and stress-induced eating, further examining the mediating effects of the psychological aspects of the FAM (e.g., anxiety sensitivity, catastrophizing, and pain-related fear). 24% of respondents reported persistent pain, and had significantly higher BMIs than their pain-free peers. All three FAM components were positively correlated with measures of emotional, external, and restrained eating. Anxiety sensitivity and catastrophizing significantly mediated the relationship between persistent pain and emotional eating behavior, while anxiety sensitivity alone mediated the relationship between persistent pain and external eating. Findings suggest pain may be associated with increased likelihood for emotional eating and that characteristics from FAM, in particular anxiety sensitivity and catastrophizing, may mediate the relationship between the presence of persistent pain and emotional eating behavior. Evidence-based treatments targeting anxiety sensitivity and catastrophizing could be useful to address emotional eating in individuals struggling with both weight and chronic pain.
Numerical solution of the Polanyi-DR isotherm in linear driving force models.

The Polanyi–Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm has proven useful for modeling the adsorption of volatile organic compounds on microporous materials such as activated carbon. When embedded in a larger dynamic simulation—e.g., of whole-building pollutant transport—it is important to solve the sorption relations as quickly as possible. This work compares numerical methods for solving the Polanyi-DR model, in cases where transport to the surface is assumed linear in the bulk-to-surface concentration differences. We focus on developing numerically stable algorithms that converge across a wide range of inputs, including zero concentrations, where the isotherm is undefined. We identify several methods, including a modified Newton-Raphson search, that solve the system 3–4 times faster than simple bisection. Finally, we present a rule of thumb for identifying when boundary-layer diffusion limits the transport rate enough to justify reducing the model complexity.
Three-Dimensional Imaging in Neurosurgical Research and Education.

Objective We describe the setup and use of different 3-dimensional (3-D) recording modalities (macroscopic, endoscopic, and microsurgical) in our laboratory and operating room and discuss their implications in neurosurgical research and didactics. We also highlight the utility of 3-D images in providing depth perception and discernment of structures compared with 2-dimensional (2-D) images. Methods The technical details for equipment and laboratory setup for obtaining 3-D images were described. The stereoscopic pair of images was obtained using a modified "shoot-shift-shoot" method and later converged to a 3-D image. For microsurgical procedures, 3-D images were obtained using an integrated 3-D video camera coupled to the surgical microscope in both the laboratory and the operating room. Illustrative cases were used to compare 2-D and 3-D images. Results Side-by-side comparisons of 2-D and 3-D images obtained using all modalities revealed that 3-D imaging was superior to 2-D imaging in providing depth perception and structure identification. Conclusions This is the first report in the literature of the methodology for obtaining 3-D endoscopic endonasal images using the 2-D endoscope. The use of 3-D imaging is invaluable in neurosurgical research and education, as it provides immediate depth perception (third dimension), allowing efficient understanding of key spatial relationships. Integration of 3-D imaging in neurosurgical residency programs may increase learning efficiency and shorten learning curves. However, use of 3-D imaging should not replace direct hands-on practice.
Bring honor to the filial piety with to construct the harmonious family

The filial piety is the essential behavior criterion of Chinese traditional moral.Along with the development of commodity economy and reform and openness,the fading phenomenon of filial piety becomes more and more common,what's more,the unharmonious relation between parents and sons is also general in some modern families,leading to the traditional filial piety is difficult to maintain.So searching for the connotation of "the new filial piety" and exploring the way to bring honor the filial piety under the harmonious family ken,realizing the conversion of tradition filial piety,boosting the modern family are the topic to structure harmonious society of socialism harmoniously.
Rosetting of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells with uninfected red blood cells enhances microvascular obstruction under flow conditions.

The occurrence of rosetting of Plasmodium falciparum-infected human red blood cells (IRBC) with uninfected red blood cells (RBC) and its potential pathophysiologic consequences were investigated under flow conditions using the perfused rat mesocecum vasculature. Perfusion experiments were performed using two knobby (K+) lines of P falciparum, ie, rosetting positive (K+R+) and rosetting negative (K+R-). The infusion of K+R+ IRBC resulted in higher peripheral resistance (PRU) than K+R- IRBC (P less than .0012). Video microscopy showed that under conditions of flow, in addition to cytoadherence of K+R+ IRBC to the venular endothelium, rosette formation was also restricted to venules, especially in the areas of slow flow. Rosettes were absent in arterioles and were presumably dissociated by higher wall shear rates. The presence of rosettes in the venules must therefore reflect their rapid reformation after disruption. Cytoadherence of K+R+ IRBC was characterized by formation of focal clusters along the venular wall. In addition, large aggregates of RBC were frequently observed at venular junctions, probably as a result of interaction between flowing rosettes, free IRBC, and uninfected RBC. In contrast, the infusion of K+R+ IRBC resulted in diffuse cytoadherence of these cells exclusively to the venular endothelium but not in rosetting or large aggregate formation. The cytoadherence of K+R+ IRBC showed strong inverse correlation with the venular diameter (r = -.856, P less than .00001). Incubation of K+R+ IRBC with heparin and with monoclonal antibodies to glycoprotein IV/CD36 abolished the rosette formation and resulted in decreased PRU and microvascular blockage. These findings demonstrate that rosetting of K+R+ IRBC with uninfected RBC enhances vasocclusion, suggesting an important in vivo role for rosetting in the microvascular sequestration of P falciparum-infected RBC.
Turning performance of brief squid Lolliguncula brevis during attacks on shrimp and fish

ABSTRACT Although squid are generally considered to be effective predators, little is currently known of how squid maneuver and position themselves during prey strikes. In this study, high-speed video and kinematic analyses were used to study attacks by the brief squid Lolliguncula brevis on both shrimp and fish. Squid attack success was high (>80%) and three behavioral phases were identified: (1) approach, (2) strike and (3) recoil. Lolliguncula brevis demonstrated greater maneuverability (i.e. a smaller length-specific turning radius) and employed more body adjustments (i.e. mantle angle posturing) during approaches toward shrimp versus fish. Squid exhibited higher linear approach/strike velocities and accelerations with faster-swimming fish prey compared with slower shrimp prey. Agility (i.e. turning rate) during prey encounters was comparable to performance extremes observed during non-predatory turns, and did not differ according to prey type or distance. Despite having the ability to modulate tentacle extension velocity, squid instead increased their own swimming velocity rather than increasing tentacle velocity when targeting faster fish prey during the strike phase, but this was not the case for shrimp prey. Irrespective of prey type, L. brevis consistently positioned themselves above the prey target prior to the tentacle strike, possibly to facilitate a more advantageous downward projection of the tentacles. During the recoil, L. brevis demonstrated length-specific turning radii similar to those recorded during the approach despite vigorous escape attempts by some prey. Clearly, turning performance is integral to prey attacks in squid, with differences in attack strategy varying depending on the prey target.
Dysplastic and Congenital Nevi

The dysplastic nevus, both the sporadic and familial type, has a significant association with melanoma of the skin. The congenital nevus, which ranges in size from less than 1 cm to a giant hairy nevus, are treated primarily for aesthetic reasons and, in the giant variety, are also treated as a prophylaxis against the possibility of malignant change.
Modeling and optimization of Au-GaAs plasmonic nanoslit array structures for enhanced near-infrared photodetector applications

This theoretical work explores how various geometries of Au plasmonic nanoslit array structures improve the total optical enhancement in GaAs photodetectors. Computational models studied these characteristics. Varying the electrode spacing, width, and thickness drastically affected the enhancement in the GaAs. Peaks in enhancement decayed as Au widths and thicknesses increased. These peaks are resonant with the incident near-infrared wavelength. The enhancement values were found to increase with decreasing electrode spacing. Additionally, a calculation was conducted for a model containing Ti between the Au and the GaAs to simulate the necessary adhesion layer. It was found that optical enhancement in the GaAs decreases for increasing Ti layer thickness. Optimal dimensions for the Au electrode include a width of 240 nm, thickness of 60 nm, electrode spacing of 5 nm, and a minimum Ti thickness. Optimal design has been shown to improve enhancement to values that are up to 25 times larger than for nonoptimized geometries and up to 300 times over structures with large electrode spacing. It was also found that the width of the metal in the array plays a more significant role in affecting the field enhancement than does the period of the array.
AR mail from Harbin

AR Mail from Harbin is a small augmented reality (AR) application that works with a set of postcards. Each postcard is printed with a portion of the plan of St. Sophia, the main church in the center of the city of Harbin. A user can assemble a 3D model of the building by laying out the postcards in the proper composition. By combining a photogrammetric capture of the church, AR technology, and traditional paper media, this tool enhances visitors' experience at the historical location, increases their understanding of its spatial design, and promotes social interaction between the visitors on site and their friends in remote locations, all in a playful setting.
Hierarchical Bayesian models for small area estimation of county-level private forest landowner population

The National Woodland Owner Survey (NWOS), administered by the USDA Forest Service, provides estimates of private forest ownership characteristics and owners’ attitudes and behaviors at a national, regional, and state levels. Due to sample sizes prescribed for inference at the state level, there are insufficient data to support county-level estimates. However, county-level estimates of NWOS variables are desired because ownership programs and education initiatives often occur at the county level and such information could help tailor these efforts to better match county-specific needs and demographics. Here, we present and assess methods to estimate the number of private forest ownerships at the county level for two states, Montana and New Jersey. To assess model performance, true population parameters were derived from cadastral and remote sensing data. Two small area estimation (SAE) models, the Fay-Herriot (FH) and the FH with conditional autoregressive random effects (FHCAR), improved estimated county...
Since the end of the state-run press

Abstract The collapse of Russia's Communist regime in the early 1990s unleashed a rebirth of freedom of expression in the country. Newspapers and other media avenues were no longer subjected to the stringent government censorship of the Marxist–Lenin era. Journalists were given much more freedom to access and disseminate information and ideas. This paper describes the evolution of Russian newspapers from Perestroika, the fall of communism, to 1998. It provides a snapshot of Russia's information dissemination practice and policy in the postcommunism era. Additionally, the author obtained an in-depth description of the Russian news media through semistructured interviews with Russian journalists from Sevouryanka newspaper in Danilov, Russia, as well as interviews with Russian media consumers. Among some of the challenges Russian journalists face are reporting news that is accurate and true, securing advertising revenue, and gaining the confidence of readers.
The Routledge handbook of historical linguistics

Reviewed by Edward J. VajdaThis handbook contains 35 detailed individual contributions, including the editors’ introduction, that successfully represent the vibrancy and diversity of historical lin...
Borges en el mundo, el mundo en Borges

This article deals with the ways in which Borges (due to his readings and his references) personifies world literature as well as critiques it as an idea. It examines a variety of texts, from his early poetry to the 1951 lecture on the Argentinian writer and tradition to later texts. It analyses Borges’s sceptical stance towards the possibility of world literature, and the different ways in which he undermines it as an idea, while at the same time describing his immense and wide erudition.
Surveys of substance use disorders education in US pharmacy programs

Abstract Introduction: Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a significant US health problem affecting roughly 20 million Americans, but there continues to be limited access to SUD treatment and inade...
Tracheal expression of Osiris gene family in Drosophila.

Abstract The Drosophila trachea is a premier genetic system to investigate the fundamental mechanisms of tubular organ formation. Development of the trachea consists of the well understood early branch specification and migration processes, and the less clear later branch maturation process including the apical membrane expansion, cytoskeleton rearrangement, luminal matrix clearance, and air-filling. We identified seven members of the Osiris (Osi) gene family with obvious tracheal expression in Drosophila. In addition, HA-tagged Osi proteins are highly concentrated in vesicle-like structures at and near the apical membrane. Osi proteins are predicted to contain endocytic signals and transmembrane domains. The localization of Osi proteins is consistent with these predictions. Interestingly, the Drosophila tracheal tube maturation process also occurs at the apical membrane. Taken together, the localization of Osi proteins suggest that these proteins are likely involved in tube maturation through vesicular trafficking or interacting with other apical membrane proteins.
Probabilistic Design: A Survey of Probabilistic CMOS Technology and Future Directions for Terascale IC Design

Highly scaled CMOS devices in the nanoscale regime would inevitably exhibit statistical or probabilistic behavior. Such behavior is caused by process variations, and other perturbations such as noise. Current circuit design methodologies, which depend on the existence of “deterministic” devices that behave consistently in temporal and spatial contexts do not admit considerations for probabilistic behavior. Admittedly, power or energy consumption as well as the associated heat dissipation are proving to be impediments to the continued scaling (down) of device sizes. To help overcome these challenges, we have characterized CMOS devices with probabilistic behavior (probabilistic CMOS or PCMOS devices) at several levels: from foundational principles to analytical modeling, simulation, fabrication, measurement as well as exploration of innovative approaches towards harnessing them through system-on-a-chip architectures. We have shown that such architectures can implement a wide range of probabilistic and cognitive applications. All of these architectures yield significant energy savings by trading probability with which the device operates correctly—lower the probability of correctness, the greater the energy savings. In addition to these PCMOS based innovations, we will also survey probabilistic arithmetic—a novel framework through which traditional computing units such as adders and multipliers can be deliberately designed to be erroneous, while being characterized by a well-defined probability of correctness. We demonstrate that in return for erroneous behavior, significant energy and performance gains can be realized through probabilistic arithmetic (units)—over a factor of 4.62X in the context of an FIR filter used in a H.264 video decoding—where the gains are quantified through the energy-performance product (or EPP). These gains are achieved through a systematic probabilistic designmethodology enabled by a design space spanning the probability of correctness of the arithmetic units, and their associated energy savings.