cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Humanistic Neuroscience, Mentality, and Spirituality:

Mentality and spirituality, the most distinctly human phenomena, have been ignored and forced underground ever since psychology was taken over by materialistic and behavioristic science. This article reviews the contemporary scientific status of mental and spiritual processes in the light of the new worldview of modern physics and other recent developments, including the overthrow of behavior by mentality, the development of humanistic neuroscience, current views concerning the relationship between religion and science, and vigorous work synthesizing religion and psychology. The main conclusion is that views and research in science, philosophy of science, theology, and psychology have converged to support an optimistic outlook for continued integration of mentality and spirituality in psychology.
Immunochemical studies on cross-reactions of antipneumococcl sera—V cross-reactions of horse antipneumococcal type II serum with E. Coli M-II polysaccharide, dextran and hemocyanin-ortho-azophenyl-β-glucuronide

Abstract A capsular polysaccharide of a mucoid strain of E. coli was found to cross-react with horse antiserum to the type specific polysaccharide of pneumococcus type II. Glucuronic acid, which is present as terminal non-reducing residues in the side chains of both the pneumoccoccal and E. coli polysaccharides, is probably responsible for this cross-reactivity. The antiserum also cross-react with dextran; however, the antibody fraction precipitable by the E. coli polysaccharide is distinct from that removed by dextran. Inhibition of precipitation demonstrated that isomaltose is a much more efficient inhibitor than glucoronic acid of the dextran cross-reaction while the reverse is true of the cross-reaction with the E. coli polysaccharide. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin-ortho-azophenyl-β-glucuronide was capable of precipitating almost all of the anti-pneumococcal antibody, demonstrating in these antibodies a common immune specificity for glucuronyl residues and a pivotal role for glucuronic acid in the antigenic determinants of the pneumococcal polysaccharide. Heterogeneity of the antibody in this antiserum was also shown by the finding that the antibody fraction which cross-reacts with E. coli polysaccharide was preferentially absorbed by the hemocyanin conjugate prior to removal of the fraction precipitable by dextran.
IV insulin during acute cerebral infarction in diabetic patients

Although hyperglycemia can be a nonspecific response to stress, tight glycemic control during acute myocardial infarction1 and in postoperative ventilated patients2 has been shown to significantly reduce mortality. Animal3 and human4-6⇓⇓ studies suggest that hyperglycemia also augments acute cerebral ischemia, and clinical efficacy of tight glycemic control during acute cerebral infarction is being investigated.7 Good glycemic control during acute cerebral infarction in nondiabetic patients appears feasible and safe, but this has not been reported in patients with diabetes mellitus.7 Our Institutional Review Board approved this study, and all subjects signed a valid informed consent. We prospectively administered an IV insulin protocol initiated within 12 hours after onset of cerebral infarction to 24 consecutive patients with admission hyperglycemia (9.4 to 22.2 mmol/L or 170 to 400 mg/dL). Nurses supervised closely by the principal investigator administered the insulin protocol in an open-label fashion. We modified our insulin protocol after each three to seven treated subjects to improve glycemic control and minimize hypoglycemia while keeping the protocol practical. We adjusted the insulin …
Energy Harvesting From an Impulsive Load With Essential Nonlinearities

Vibration based energy harvesting, whereby mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy that can be stored and later used, offers the possibility of a long-term energy source under many realistic environmental conditions. This work considers an energy harvesting system based on the response of an attachment with strong nonlinear behavior. The electro-mechanical coupling is achieved with a piezo-electric element across a resistive load. When the system is subject to harmonic excitation, the harvested power from the nonlinear system exhibits a wider interval of frequencies over which the harvested power is significant, although an equivalent linear device offers greater efficiency at its design frequency. However, under impulsive excitation the performance of the nonlinear harvesting system exceeds the corresponding linear system in terms of both magnitude of power harvested and the frequency interval over which significant power can be drawn from the mechanical vibrations.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Improved chemistry for the production of yttrium-90 for medical applications

Abstract A novel extraction chromatographic method for the preparation of 90 Y of high chemical and radiochemical purity has been developed. After an initial purification of a 90 Sr stock solution and a suitable period of 90 Y ingrowth, the solution is passed through a series of strontium-selective chromatographic columns, each of which lowers the 90 Sr content of the mixture by a factor of ∼ 10 3 . The 90 Y remaining is freed from any residual 90 Sr, from its 90 Zr daughter, and from any remaining impurities by passing the sample through a final column designed to selectively retain yttrium.
AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylates retinoblastoma protein to control mammalian brain development.

Summary AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an evolutionarily conserved metabolic sensor that responds to alterations in cellular energy levels to maintain energy balance. While its role in metabolic homeostasis is well documented, its role in mammalian development is less clear. Here we demonstrate that mutant mice lacking the regulatory AMPK β1 subunit have profound brain abnormalities. The β1 −/− mice show atrophy of the dentate gyrus and cerebellum, and severe loss of neurons, oligodendrocytes, and myelination throughout the central nervous system. These abnormalities stem from reduced AMPK activity, with ensuing cell cycle defects in neural stem and progenitor cells (NPCs). The β1 −/− NPC deficits result from hypophosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb), which is directly phosphorylated by AMPK at Ser 804 . The AMPK-Rb axis is utilized by both growth factors and energy restriction to increase NPC growth. Our results reveal that AMPK integrates growth factor signaling with cell cycle control to regulate brain development.
Meaning and mining: the impact of implicit assumptions in data mining for the humanities

As the use of data mining and machine learning methods in the humanities becomes more common, it will be increasingly important to examine implicit biases, assumptions, and limitations these methods bring with them. This article makes explicit some of the foundational assumptions of machine learning methods, and presents a series of experiments as a case study and object lesson in the potential pitfalls in the use of data mining methods for hypothesis testing in literary scholarship. The worst dangers may lie in the humanist's ability to interpret nearly any result, projecting his or her own biases into the outcome of an experiment-perhaps all the more unwittingly due to the superficial objectivity of computational methods. We argue that in the digital humanities, the standards for the initial production of evidence should be even more rigorous than in the empirical sciences because of the subjective nature of the work that follows. Thus, we conclude with a discussion of recommended best practices for making results from data mining in the humanities domain as meaningful as possible. These include methods for keeping the the boundary between computational results and subsequent interpretation as clearly delineated as possible.
Clopidogrel Resistance: Myth or Reality?

Platelets have a central role in the development of arterial thrombosis and subsequent cardiovascular events. An appreciation of this complex process has made antiplatelet therapy the cornerstone of cardiovascular disease management. Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel has been approved for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events and is currently part of the postpercutaneous coronary intervention treatment regimen. However, subacute stent thrombosis continues to occur in 1% to 2% of patients despite dual antiplatelet therapy. Studies have shown interindividual variations in response to clopidogrel, where a cohort of patients seems to be resistant to the antithrombotic effects of clopidogrel. Furthermore, there is an apparent link between clopidogrel resistance and clinical outcomes. Currently, there is neither a universally accepted definition of clopidogrel resistance nor an agreement on the phenomenon's mechanism. This review highlights the origins of clopidogrel resistance, the current problems that exist with its definition, and discusses the future implications and relevant challenges it poses for the clinician.
Becoming a "Real University:" The Strategic Benefits of Adding Football for NCAA Division I Institutions

In the midst of an economic crisis leading to extensive cuts in college athletics, at least 38 colleges in the past five years have either added or have plans to add football to their athletic programs. Of particular interest are schools that have traditionally been known as “commuter universities.” In response to increased competition from other colleges, many of these schools are adding football as a part of a larger strategic vision for creating a “better college product.” Using resource-based (Barney, 1991) and institutional theories (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983), this study seeks to understand the strategic arguments used and the benefits sought by universities adding football on their campuses. This study employs qualitative content analysis methodology (Marshall & Rossman, 2006; Miles & Huberman, 1994) using publically available football feasibility studies from six NCAA Division I universities that have added (or have advertised plans to add) football over the past five years. Results indicate that fo...
Length–weight and length–length relationships of three endemic butterflyfish species (Chaetodontidae) from coral reefs of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, USA

Summary Length–weight and length–length relationships are presented for three species of butterflyfish endemic to the Hawaiian Islands and Johnston Atoll. From specimens collected within the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (PMNM), the weight–length relationships were determined for Chaetodon fremblii as W = 0.029SL3.17, Chaetodon miliaris as W = 0.042 SL3.00, and Chaetodon multicinctus as W = 0.029SL3.19 where weight, W, is reported in grams and standard length, SL, in centimeters. Length-frequency data and equations to calculate total length from standard length are also presented.
Plant morphogenesis: Designing leaves

Leaf shape and architecture vary greatly throughout the plant kingdom, and even within an individual plant during different phases of growth. Now, the development of a compound leaf architecture in tomato has been shown to be associated with the expression of the knotted1 homeobox gene in leaf primordia.
Absentee Landowners in the Great Lakes Basin: Who They Are and Implications for Conservation Outreach

In the realm of conservation management a growing and important audience is absentee landowners. As natural resource agencies increasingly focus their attention and assistance on critical resource areas, working effectively with absentee landowners who are not being reached by traditional outreach methods is essential. This descriptive study compares and contrasts absentee landowners in the U.S. Great Lakes Basin based upon their primary use of the land—either for crop production or for recreational activities. Segmenting the landowners in this manner allows natural resource personnel to tailor specific conservation outreach messages that appeal to the differing groups, allowing for more effective allocation of scarce resources.
Combined ventricular endocardial and epicardial substrate mapping using a sonomicrometry-based electroanatomical mapping system.

Background: Substrate mapping using a magnetic electroanatomical mapping system (MEAM) has been shown to accurately delineate the location/extent of scarred myocardium. This study examined the ability of a sonomicrometry-based electroanatomic mapping system (SEAM) to render endocardial and epicardial substrate maps of infarcted ventricular myocardium. Methods and Results: In 7 swine with healed myocardial infarctions, combined epicardial and endocardial left ventricular (LV) substrate maps were created with both SEAM and MEAM mapping systems using 246±68 and 244±44 points respectively. Scarred myocardium was identified based upon bipolar electrogram amplitude < 1.5 mV, and radiofrequency ablation lesions were delivered to the scar border as defined by the sonomicrometry mapping system. The LV endocardial chamber volume as defined by SEAM (125±46 ml) correlated well with that defined by the MEAM (137±45 ml, r=0.77, p < 0.05). The area of infarcted tissue as determined by SEAM was highly correlated with that determined by gross pathology (r=0.96 for endocardial scar and r=0.92 for epicardial scar p < 0.05). The scar area calculated by the SEAM system also correlated well with the scar area determined by the MEAM system (0.91 for endocardial scar and 0.90 for epicardial scar p < 0.05). Finally, the sonomicrometry-based system was able to guide the placement of radiofrequency ablation lesions to the borders of the scar. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the sonomicrometry-based mapping can accurately reconstruct three-dimensional voltage maps of the endocardial and epicardial ventricular surfaces and guide the placement of ablation lesions along the scar border zone.
Universal binding-energy relation for crystals that accounts for surface relaxation

We present a universal relation for crack surface cohesion including surface relaxation. Specifically, we analyze how N atomic planes respond to an opening displacement at its boundary, producing structurally relaxed surfaces. Via density-functional theory, we verify universality for metals ~Al!, ceramics (a-Al2O3), and semiconductors ~Si!. When the energy and opening displacement are scaled appropriately with respect to N, the uniaxial elastic constant, the relaxed surface energy, and the equilibrium interlayer spacing, all energydisplacement curves collapse onto a single universal curve.
Stripline Simulation Model with Tapered Cross Section and Conductor Surface Profile

The present paper investigates the sensitivity of on wafer interconnect to the Si CMOS process parameters. In particular the tapered (trapezoid) etching and the conductor surface profile (Rrms) of copper foils are numerically analyzed in order to quantify their effect on the electrical performance of a stripline structure. Line impedance, insertion loss and time signal attenuation are evaluated by means of three dimensional (3D) electromagnetic (EM) simulations. Hammerstad and Jensen analytical model is implemented and results are compared with those coming from the full 3D EM simulation model. Good agreement in the frequency range 0- 50 GHz is observed.
Working Portuguese for Beginners by RECTOR, MONICA, REGINA SANTOS, & MERCELO AMORIM, with M. LYNNE GERBER

The article reviews the book "Working Portuguese for Beginners," by Monica Rector, Regina Santos, and Mercelo Amorim, with M. Lynne Gerber.
Mitochondrial function and structure in experimental canine congestive heart failure.

The function and structure of mitochondria from five control dogs and five dogs with experimentally produced right ventricular hypertrophy and congestive heart failure were studied. Mitochondria from control and experimental dogs were not different with respect to oxidation rates, respiratory control ratios, efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation, or oligomycin sensitivity. Electron microscopic examination revealed no differences in the structure of isolated mitochondria or of mitochondria in tissue sections from control or experimental animals. It was concluded that mitochondria isolated from the hypertrophied, failing canine myocardium are neither functionally nor structurally different from those in the normal animal.
A global meta-analysis of microarray expression data to predict unknown gene functions and estimate the literature-data divide

Motivation: Approximately 9334 (37%) of Human genes have no publications documenting their function and, for those that are published, the number of publications per gene is highly skewed. Furthermore, for reasons not clear, the entry of new gene names into the literature has slowed in recent years. If we are to better understand human/mammalian biology and complete the catalog of human gene function, it is important to finish predicting putative functions for these genes based upon existing experimental evidence. Results: A global meta-analysis (GMA) of all publicly available GEO two-channel human microarray datasets (3551 experiments total) was conducted to identify genes with recurrent, reproducible patterns of co-regulation across different conditions. Patterns of co-expression were divided into parallel (i.e. genes are up and down-regulated together) and anti-parallel. Several ranking methods to predict a gene's function based on its top 20 co-expressed gene pairs were compared. In the best method, 34% of predicted Gene Ontology (GO) categories matched exactly with the known GO categories for ~5000 genes analyzed versus only 3% for random gene sets. Only 2.4% of co-expressed gene pairs were found as co-occurring gene pairs in MEDLINE. Conclusions: Via a GO enrichment analysis, genes co-expressed in parallel with the query gene were frequently associated with the same GO categories, whereas anti-parallel genes were not. Combining parallel and anti-parallel genes for analysis resulted in fewer significant GO categories, suggesting they are best analyzed separately. Expression databases contain much unexpected genetic knowledge that has not yet been reported in the literature. A total of 1642 Human genes with unknown function were differentially expressed in at least 30 experiments. Availability: Data matrix available upon request. Contact: [email protected] Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Charm Hadroproduction at Fermilab E769

E769 has just recorded on tape the interactions of 500 million pions, kaons, and protons. A Cerenkov counter and a TRD were used to tag beam particle types in both positive and negative 250 GeV/c hadron beams. Thin foil Be, Al, Cu, and W targets were used with a spectrometer including silicon microstrips to look for charm decay vertices. Preliminary results show D0 --> K- pi+ and D+ --> K- pi+ pi+ mass peaks. As the event reconstruction progresses on numerous parallel microprocessors, we intend to explore the pT, xF, A, and flavor dependence of the production of charmed mesons and baryons.
Dual-Resolution Raman Spectroscopy for Measurements in DME-Air Flames

The paper describes a dual-resolution Raman spectroscopy instrument for simultaneous measurements of N2, O2, CO, CO2, H2, H2O, C2H2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C2H6O in DME-air flames. Measurements in vertical flames are used to calibrate the instrument. Data collected in a laminar, premixed DME-air flame from a Tsuji burner are used to characterize the accuracy and the precision of the instrument.
Bevacizumab in the Treatment of a Patient with Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma with Brain Metastases

The development of brain metastases originating from colorectal cancer (CRC) is an infrequent phenomenon occurring in < 5% of patients. Yet, it is feasible that physicians will be diagnosing more patients with brain metastases because of the prolonged survival in our current patient population. The anti-angiogenic agent bevacizumab is currently approved in bevacizumab-naive patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC). Initially, precautionary measures regarding the use of bevacizumab were recommended for patients at risk of bleeding based on earlier incidents of intracranial hemorrhage, hemoptysis, and pulmonary hemorrhage. However, recent data support the use of bevacizumab in the treatment of high-grade gliomas. We present a challenging case of a treatment-naive patient with mCRC with brain metastases and the challenges involved in weighing the risks and benefits of systemic chemotherapy when combined with a biologic agent.
Detection of Medullary and Papillary Necrosis at an Early Stage by Multiphasic Helical Computerized Tomography

ABSTRACTPurpose: Multiphasic helical computerized tomography (CT) is advocated to identify early manifestations of papillary and medullary necrosis based on decreased enhancement of circumscribed areas in the medullary pyramid. At this stage the devascularizing process can be reversed if causative conditions such as infections or diabetes mellitus are effectively treated.Materials and Methods: Multiphasic helical CTs were performed in 31 male and 26 female patients with complaints of microscopic hematuria (41), macroscopic hematuria (2), bacteriuria (39) and pyuria (9). Pre-enhancement, arterial, early corticomedullary, parenchymal and excretory phase helical CTs generated 1.25 to 5 mm. thick slices. Followup examination included multiphasic helical CT at 1 and 3 months, and excretory urography for some patients at 3 months.Results: Bacteriuria was identified as the probable cause of medullary and papillary necrosis in 39 patients, of whom 28 were treated with effective antibiotic therapy, resulting in no...
Transoral partial epiglottidectomy to treat dysphagia in post-treatment head and neck cancer patients: a preliminary report.

Objectives To determine symptoms and findings in patients with dysphagia related to epiglottic dysfunction. To analyze outcomes in patients who underwent partial epiglottidectomy due to dysphagia related to epiglottic dysfunction
The Impact of Home Country Institutions on Corporate Technological Entrepreneurship via R&D Investments and Virtual World Presence†

In this study, we seek to understand how four dimensions of national business systems surrounding the corporate headquarters of multinational firms influence corporate technological entrepreneurship (CTE). After controlling for fairly well-established antecedents of corporate technological entrepreneurship at the firm and industry levels, we find that national-level predictors explain considerable variance above and beyond our control variables. Furthermore, we find that various national-level dimensions influence different measures of CTE. Overall, our study points to the remarkably strong role of home institutional context for understanding two types of technological entrepreneurship pursued by relatively large, multinational firms based in 24 different economies.
Genetic Structure of Aedes vexans (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations from Central United States Based on Mitochondrial ND5 Sequences

Aedes vexans (Meigen), the vexans mosquito, is a species that prefers mammalian hosts and is a vector of West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus). It is one of the most widespread pest mosquitoes in the world and North America, and it is commonly found in southern Canada and continental United States. Population structure of this species in Kansas was examined using DNA sequences of a 423-bp region of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) gene, relative to three other states. From the 54 Kansas samples, a total of 39 nucleotide positions were polymorphic, with 34 haplotypes. Of the 34 haplotypes, 22 (79%) were not shared among populations. The average haplotype diversity (0.953) from 11 Kansas populations indicated a high level of genetic diversity in Ae. vexans. Among the Kansas, South Dakota, Texas, and Louisiana samples, a total of 40 haplotypes were observed. Analysis of molecular variance was conducted on the resulting haplotypes for all populations and no geographical structure was observed among populations by using isolation-by-distance tests. This first genetic study of Ae. vexans provides evidence that there is a large amount of haplotype variation within and among populations, and gene flow occurs across broad geographical areas in this species.
Aspen Regeneration in Riparian Management Zones in Northern Minnesota: Effects of Residual Overstory and Harvest Method

We examined aspen regeneration under diferent riparian management zone (RMZ) treatments in aspen forests in northern Minnesota. We also compared aspen regeneration in partially harvested RMZs to adjacent upland clearcuts. The four RMZ treatments included: (1)full control (no cutting in RMZ or upland; (2) riparian control (RMZ uncut; upland clearcut); and partially harvested RMZr cut to 54ffz/ac, with upland clearcut using (3) cut-to-length (CTL), or (4) tree-length harvesting. Three years afier harvest, aspen sucker densities in the tree-length and CTL treatments were significantly higher than the full control, but did not difer from each other or the riparian control. Mean individual sucker heights (63-73 in) and aboveground biomass (2.4-3.4 oz) varied among the riparian treatments, but not significantly. Sucker densities were 62% higher in the adjacent clearcuts than in the partially harvested RMZs. Mean suckers heights did not difer between the two locations (71 in.), but aboveground biomass of suckers did difer significantly, averaging 3.4 oz in the partially harvested RMZs and 4.5 oz in the clearcuts. Our results indicate that 60% removal of basal area within RMZs increases density and size of aspen regeneration significantly, compared to uncut forest, but stocking is still below what is considered adequate for 3-yr-old stands. Suckering responses were similar with cut-to-length and tree-length harvesting, suggesting that harvest system has little efect on sucker development. While aspen likely will be a component ofpartially harvested RMZs, density and biomass increment will be much lower than in single-cohort stands and lower than what is considered desirable for commercial production. North. J. Appl. For. 20(2): 79-84,
Anatomy and histology as socially networked learning environments: some preliminary findings.

Purpose An exploratory study to better understand the "networked" life of the medical school as a learning environment. Method In a recent academic year, the authors gathered data during two six-week blocks of a sequential histology and anatomy course at a U.S. medical college. An eight-item questionnaire captured different dimensions of student interactions. The student cohort/network was 48 first-year medical students. Using social network analysis (SNA), the authors focused on (1) the initial structure and the evolution of informal class networks over time, (2) how informal class networks compare to formal in-class small-group assignments in influencing student information gathering, and (3) how peer assignment of professionalism role model status is shaped more by informal than formal ties. In examining these latter two issues, the authors explored not only how formal group assignment persisted over time but also how it functioned to prevent the tendency for groupings based on gender or ethnicity. Results The study revealed an evolving dynamic between the formal small-group learning structure of the course blocks and the emergence of informal student networks. For example, whereas formal group membership did influence in-class questions and did prevent formation of groups of like gender and ethnicity, outside-class questions and professionalism were influenced more by informal group ties where gender and, to a much lesser extent, ethnicity influence student information gathering. Conclusions The richness of these preliminary findings suggests that SNA may be a useful tool in examining an array of medical student learning encounters.
An application of a generalised assignment problem: assigning recruiters to geographical locations

In order to increase the number of underrepresented students pursuing college degrees in health sciences fields in the state of West Virginia, the Health Sciences and Technology Academy (HSTA), a pre–college enrichment programme, was established. Due to a limited budget, a limited number of recruiters are available to recruit as many West Virginia High School students who satisfy the programme's selection criteria. As a result, recruiters are assigned to geographical locations (populations of potential HSTA students) such that the total value of the student populations assigned is maximised with respect to the programme selection criteria. This problem is defined as a generalised assignment problem (GAP), since more than one student population can be assigned to a recruiter such that the capacity of the recruiter is not exceeded. In this paper, a mathematical model, a construction algorithm, and a tabu search heuristic are presented for the proposed GAP.
The Limits of the Rhetorical Analysis of Science

Three case studies explore the limits of the rhetorical analysis of science. The first is a case in which scientific facts and theories eventually reach a stage where they are beyond argument and, as a consequence, beyond rhetorical analysis. The second is a case where a work is scientific, that is, moving toward facts and theories beyond argument and is, at the same time, an example of deliberative rhetoric whose claims, of course, can never be beyond argument. The third is a case in which, although the science in question is now beyond argument, its policy implications remain, and will continue to remain, well within the realm of rhetorical analysis.
Public perceptions of cooking and the implications for cooking behaviour in the USA.

Objective Despite the importance of cooking in modern life, public perceptions about what it means to cook are unknown. We aimed to examine perceptions of cooking and their association with cooking confidence, attitudes and behaviours in the USA. Design We designed and fielded a nationally representative survey among US adults (n 1112) in April 2015. We used factor analysis to identify perceptions about cooking and multivariate ordered logit and Poisson models to explore associations between those perceptions and cooking confidence, attitudes and behaviours. Setting Nationally representative web-based survey of US adults. Subjects US adults aged ≥18 years. Results Americans conceptualized cooking in three ways: the use of scratch ingredients, convenience foods and not using heat. Respondents who perceived cooking as including convenience foods were less confident in their ability to cook from scratch (OR=0·52, P<0·001) and less likely to enjoy cooking (OR=0·68, P=0·01) than those who did not. Although individuals who perceived cooking as including only scratch ingredients reported cooking dinner (4·31 times/week) and using packaged/boxed products (0·95 times/week) the least frequently, few notable differences in the frequency of cooking meals were observed. Conclusions Cooking frequency is similar among US adults regardless of how they perceive cooking, but cooking confidence and enjoyment are lowest among Americans who perceive cooking as including the use of convenience foods. These insights should inform the development of more specific measures of cooking behaviour as well as meaningful and targeted public health messages to encourage healthier cooking.
Plasticity of GABAA receptors relevant to neurosteroid actions

It is now widely accepted that phasic (synaptic) and tonic (extrasynaptic) γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic influences on neuronal excitability are mediated by different receptors with different pharmacologic profiles. This article focuses on the plasticity of the neurosteroid-sensitive δ subunit containing GABA A receptors(b-GABA A Rs) in animal models of temporal lobe epilepsies (TLEs) and its possible consequences for modulating the excitability of the dentate gyrus. For an expanded treatment of this topic see Jasper's Basic Mechanisms ofthe Epilepsies, Fourth Edition (Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, Olsen RW, Delgado-EscuetaAV, eds) published by Oxford University Press (available on the National Library of Medicine Bookshelf [NCBI] at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books).
Hydrogen Sulfide Contributes to Retinal Neovascularization in Ischemia-Induced Retinopathy.

Purpose Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gaseous signaling molecule with significant pathophysiological importance, but its role in retinal neovascular diseases is unknown. Hydrogen sulfide is generated from L-cysteine by cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), and/or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of H2S in retinal neovascularization (NV) in ischemia-induced retinopathy. Methods Studies were performed in a murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Hydrogen sulfide was detected with a fluorescent assay. Western blots and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the changes of H2S-producing enzymes. Gene deletion and pharmacologic inhibition were used to investigate the role of H2S in retinal NV. Results Hydrogen sulfide production was markedly increased in retinas from OIR mice compared with those from room air (RA) controls. Cystathionine-β-synthase and CSE were significantly increased in OIR retinas, whereas 3-MST was not changed. Cystathionine-β-synthase was expressed throughout the neuronal retina and upregulated in neurons and glia during OIR. Cystathionine-γ-lyase was also localized to multiple retinal layers. Its immunoreactivity was prominently increased in neovascular tufts in OIR. Pharmacologic inhibition of CBS/CSE or genetic deletion of CSE significantly reduced retinal NV in OIR. Conclusions Our data indicate that the H2S-generating enzymes/H2S contributes to retinal NV in ischemia-induced retinopathy and suggest that blocking this pathway may provide novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of proliferative retinopathy.
Potential Karst Collapse Assessment Along a Bridge Foundation of High-Speed Rail, Anshan, China

Mingjiashan Bridge is constructed along the high-speed rail (HSR) connecting two metropolitan cities, Harbin and Dalian, northeastern China. Sixty two cores were drilled into limestone bedrock. Caves occurred in 8 cores and soil voids appeared in 6 cores. Quaternary sediments on top of the bedrock are loose alluvial and fluvial deposits with a thickness of more than 50 m, which were categorized into three sections (A, B, and C) based on sediment types and structures. Daily water level fluctuations were 33, 20, and 10 cm in sections A, B, and C respectively. Maximum groundwater declining rates were 0.87, 2.0, and 0.26 cm/min in sections A, B, and C respectively. Seepage deformation experiments demonstrate that threshold hydraulic gradients causing deformation are 1.59, 2.38, and 0.79 in sections A, B, and C respectively. Results from hydrogeological and geotechnical investigations indicate that potential karst collapses may form in section A. Socketed piles should be used in this section and friction piles can be used in other sections. Existing voids and cavities need to be treated with grouting to reduce potential risk of collapse events in the future.
Electronic stopping power in liquid water for protons and α particles from first principles

Atomistic calculations of the electronic stopping power in liquid water for protons and \ensuremath{\alpha} particles from first principles are demonstrated without relying on linear response theory. The computational approach is based on nonequilibrium simulation of the electronic response using real-time time-dependent density functional theory. By quantifying the velocity dependence of the steady-state charge of the projectile proton and \ensuremath{\alpha} particle from nonequilibrium electron densities, we examine the extent to which linear response theory is applicable. We further assess the influence of the exchange-correlation approximation in real-time time-dependent density functional theory on the stopping power with range-separated and regular hybrid functionals with exact exchange.
What Is Leadership

The accepted model of leadership today is spiritual-based values leadership (Fairholm and Fairholm 2000; Fry 2003; Malmberg 1999). Leaders become leaders as they define a set of core spiritual values that define their core character—whatever its nature. The leadership task is to attach a socially valuable meaning to doing work, to the way the work is to be done, and to the outcome intended. Armed with this understanding about the work the work community will be asked, “ do leaders then educate coworkers about work values and their social utility in the work community.” As the leaders ideas are seen as acceptable coworkers will adopt them as their own. The end-product is a culture that lets workers and the leader combine in voluntary interrelationship around an agreed-upon work culture that becomes both legitimate and mutually desirable. The culture, values, and goals become commonly-held expectations that the leader and all stakeholders voluntarily accept as their own for this work unit. Then the leader’s job becomes a task of continually educating stakeholders about shared values and their power to trump past ideas, values, or work experiences. Workers come to reorient their past work values and even existing work community policies when they see that they might be incompatible with these standards. Together they coalesce around a culture of free volunteer acceptance that defines the leader–follower relationship.
The appearances of the risen Lord: faith, fact, and objectivity

The present decade has seen the publication of a large number of christologies. Chalcedon no longer sets the logic of these new works. Taking their cue from biblical studies, they assign the resurrection a key position as the swing-point from the earthly Jesus to the ensuing theological and dogmatic tradition of Christian faith. They likewise agree in locating the origin of faith in the resurrection in the events which gave rise to the Easter appearance tradition within the New Testament.At this point significant differences emerge. The present article offers a sample of representative positions in order to exhibit how they differ with regard to the kinds of question they are willing to entertain about the Easter appearances as well as with regard to the kinds of reality claim they wish to assert. The article concludes that the key issue dividing them is the philosophical question of the nature of objectivity.
Marking focus in Chatino

AbstractThis paper presents and analyzes new data from the officially endangered language Chatino. We investigate the behavior of a Chatino preposition, jį?į which is sometimes found preceding direct objects. Its patterning, with respect to when it will and when it will not precede a direct object, has so far eluded characterization. Using both natural discourse and elicited data, we examine and reject hypotheses of jį?į's occurrence based on various properties of the direct object: animacy, specificity, thematic role, 3 → 2 advancement (i.e., the marked direct objects are underlyingly indirect objects). We propose an analysis in which jį?į marks the discourse focus. We argue that the Chatino data support Lambrechts (1994) position that focus is nonidentical with “new information”, and that the Chatino data necessitate an expansion of the definition of focus beyond the propositional level. Our analysis incorporates a disambiguating function of jį?į to separate the subject and object when they are potentia...
Correlation between thromboelastography and traditional coagulation test parameters in hospitalized dogs

A hospital-based, prospective cross-sectional study was used to compare kaolin-activated thromboelastography (TEG) parameters with traditional coagulation tests in 29 hospitalized dogs. Cases were included if the attending clinician requested coagulation testing. Blood was obtained from each dog and coagulation (prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, antithrombin activity, d-dimer concentration, and fibrinogen concentration) and TEG analyses were performed. Hematocrit (Hct) was also measured. Traditional coagulation results were evaluated for correlation with those from kaolin-activated TEG. Spearman's correlation was used to calculate correlation coefficients. Fibrinogen was positively correlated with maximum amplitude (Pearson r=0.72, P<0.001) and global clot strength (Pearson r=0.72, P<0.001). There was no correlation between any of the remaining coagulation variables, TEG parameters, or Hct. Results of kaolin-activated TEG and traditional coagulation tests are not interchangeable means of monitoring coagulation derangements in this intensive care unit patient population. Determination of a true outcome measure is necessary to establish TEG's clinical relevance to veterinary medicine.
Dynamic phosphocreatine imaging with unlocalized pH assessment of the human lower leg muscle following exercise at 3T

Purpose To develop a high temporal resolution imaging method that measures muscle-specific phosphocreatine (PCr) resynthesis time constant (τPCr) and pH changes in muscles of the lower leg following exercise on a clinical 3T MRI scanner. Methods We developed a frequency-selective 3D non-Cartesian FLORET sequence to measure PCr with 17-mm nominal isotropic resolution (28 mm actual resolution) and 6-s temporal resolution to capture dynamic metabolic muscle activity. The sequence was designed to additionally collect inorganic phosphate spectra for pH quantification, which were localized using sensitivity profiles of individual coil elements. Nineteen healthy volunteers were scanned while performing a plantar flexion exercise on an in-house developed ergometer. Data were acquired with a dual-tuned multichannel coil array that enabled phosphorus imaging and proton localization for muscle segmentation. Results After a 90-s plantar flexion exercise at 0.66 Hz with resistance set to 40% of the maximum voluntary contraction, τPCr was estimated at 22.9 ± 8.8 s (mean ± standard deviation) with statistical coefficient of determination r2 = 0.89 ± 0.05. The corresponding pH values after exercise were in the range of 6.9-7.1 in the gastrocnemius muscle. Conclusion The developed technique allows measurement of muscle-specific PCr resynthesis kinetics and pH changes following exercise, with a temporal resolution and accuracy comparable to that of single voxel 31P-MRS sequences. Magn Reson Med, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Bridging Social Anthropology and Industrial Archaeology at a Georgia Grist Mill

The Eelbeck Mill Complex and Community is a complicated archaeological site with numerous industrial and domestic features from the 1820s to the 1940s. Excavations, historic research, and oral history proved to be substantial and complimentary sources of information for discovering and understanding the industrial features at Eelbeck and as well as their roles in social relationships within the community. Using theory from science, technology, and society (STS) studies, actor-network theory (ANT), and the concept of vernacular engineering, this case study illustrates the interconnectedness of industry and daily life and argues that industrial sites cannot be explicitly separated from domestic sites in archaeological analyses of technical-social systems.
The Indigenous State: Race, Politics, and Performance in Plurinational Bolivia

Evo Morales has garnered international attention as the first indigenous president of the Plurinational State of Bolivia. Now in his second term, Evo Morales continues the goals of his initial plat...
US Health Care Policymaking: Ideological, Social and Cultural Differences and Major Influences

In the more than 15 years that I have been teaching courses on health care policy, I have had medical doctors and students majoring in nursing, public health, business administration, health administration, and the physical and biological sciences ask me why they should study health politics and policies, given the fact that their interests are in the so-called “hard sciences.” My answer to this question has always been to paraphrase the first three axioms of government that Beard (1940, p. 232) formulated more than 7 decades ago.
A Note on Unrestricted AOQLs

In the past there have been a number of papers in which it has been shown that the AOQL of any Dodge type plan depends heavily on whether or not the assumption of statistical control is imposed on the production process. Through consideration of the con..
Chaos Associated with Fluid Inertia

The low Reynolds number flow between two concentric steadily rotating spheres is considered. The pattern of streamlines is explained in terms of an adiabatic invariant. It is shown that, when the two rotation vectors are not parallel, the streamlines become chaotic when the Reynolds number Re is increased and the onset of global chaos occurs near Re = 20.
Demography and Student Success: Early Warning Tools to Drive Intervention.

Grounded in the concept of organizational demography, the authors investigate various demographic, precollege, and socioeconomic student-level attributes that universities readily house, and use th...
Pencil Beam Scanning Proton Beam Chemoradiation Therapy With 5-Fluorouracil and Mitomycin-C for Definitive Treatment of Carcinoma of the Anal Canal: A Multi-institutional Pilot Feasibility Study

Purpose Definitive chemoradiation with concurrent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/mitomycin C (MMC) is an effective treatment for localized anal cancer, but it is associated with significant acute long-term treatment-related toxicity. Pencil beam scanning proton beam (PBS-PT) radiation therapy may potentially reduce this toxicity. This is a multi-institutional pilot study evaluating the feasibility of definitive concurrent chemoradiation with PBS-PT in combination with 5-FU and MMC for carcinoma of the anal canal. Methods and Materials Patients were enrolled on a National Cancer Institute–sponsored, prospective, multi-institutional, single-arm pilot study (NCT 01858025). Key eligibility criteria included Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0 to 2, age ≥18 years, histologically confirmed invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal, and clinically staged T1-4, N0-3 disease. Patients were treated with PBS-PT per Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 0529 dose schema and concurrent 5-FU/MMC on day 1 and 29. The primary objective of this study was to determine feasibility of PBS-PT with concurrent 5-FU/MMC, defined as grade 3+ dermatologic toxicity less than 48% (reported grade 3+ dermatologic toxicity from Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 98-11). Secondary objectives were to determine the rates of overall grade 3+ toxicities, clinical complete response rate, and disease outcomes. Results Between February 2014 and April 2017, we enrolled 25 patients into our study, all of whom were analyzed. Twenty-three patients (92%) completed treatment per protocol, and 2 patients died on treatment. Median time to completion of treatment was 42 days (range, 38-49). The grade 3+ radiation dermatitis rate was 24%. Median follow-up is 27 months (range, 21-50) among the 21 patients still alive. The overall rate of clinical complete response was 88%. The 2-year local failure, colostomy-free survival, progression-free survival, and overall survival are 12%, 72%, 80%, and 84%, respectively. Conclusions In our prospective, multi-institutional pilot study of PBS-PT with concurrent 5-FU/MMC, PBS-PT was found to be feasible. A phase 2 study of proton beam radiation therapy is currently underway.