cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heat Treating Bovine Colostrum1

Abstract The syndesmochorial placenta of the bovine prevents transmission of Ig in utero and calves are born agammaglobulinemic. Consequently, ingestion and absorption of adequate amounts of colostral Ig are essential for establishing immunity until the calf's own immune system becomes completely functional. A successful colostrum management program should consider age of calf at first feeding, volume of colostrum administered, and Ig concentration of the colostrum ingested. In addition, because several bacterial pathogens can be transmitted in colostrum, heat treating fresh colostrum has been suggested as a method for reducing or eliminating those pathogens. Early studies on pasteurization of bovine colostrum using the same times and temperatures recommended for milk reduced or eliminated important bacterial pathogens; however, this process reduced Ig concentration and increased viscosity. More recent studies using lower temperatures have shown no reduction in colostral Ig concentration or fluidity and have concluded that heat-treated colostrum can be successfully fed on commercial dairy farms without interfering with passive transfer of immunity in calves. The objective of this paper is to present a comprehensive review of the literature of bovine colostrum pasteurization, including the importance of colostrum for the neonate, IgG absorption, and effects of pasteurization on bacterial load, viscosity, and IgG concentration.
Antagonistic roles for the ubiquitin ligase Asr1 and the ubiquitin-specific protease Ubp3 in subtelomeric gene silencing

Ubiquitin, and components of the ubiquitin–proteasome system, feature extensively in the regulation of gene transcription. Although there are many examples of how ubiquitin controls the activity of transcriptional regulators and coregulators, there are few examples of core components of the transcriptional machinery that are directly controlled by ubiquitin-dependent processes. The budding yeast protein Asr1 is the prototypical member of the RPC (RING, PHD, CBD) family of ubiquitin-ligases, characterized by the presence of amino-terminal RING (really interesting new gene) and PHD (plant homeo domain) fingers and a carboxyl-terminal domain that directly binds the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (pol II), Rpb1, in response to phosphorylation events tied to the initiation of transcription. Asr1-mediated oligo-ubiquitylation of pol II leads to ejection of two core subunits of the enzyme and is associated with inhibition of polymerase function. Here, we present evidence that Asr1-mediated ubiquitylation of pol II is required for silencing of subtelomeric gene transcription. We show that Asr1 associates with telomere-proximal chromatin and that disruption of the ubiquitin-ligase activity of Asr1—or mutation of ubiquitylation sites within Rpb1—induces transcription of silenced gene sequences. In addition, we report that Asr1 associates with the Ubp3 deubiquitylase and that Asr1 and Ubp3 play antagonistic roles in setting transcription levels from silenced genes. We suggest that control of pol II by nonproteolytic ubiquitylation provides a mechanism to enforce silencing by transient and reversible inhibition of pol II activity at subtelomeric chromatin.
Bearing Witness: The Lived Experience of Sitting With Patients

There is abundant literature focused on the practice of using hospital sitters as part of standard patient safety care. However, minimal attention has been paid to understanding the actual experiences of hospital workers as they sit with distressed and often agitated patients. With the overwhelming number of hospitalized patients who require sitters, attention must be paid to the healthcare workers' perspective. In this study a phenomenological approach was used to elicit the perceptions of these hospital sitters. Themes which emerged from the participant's lived experiences of sitting included: Accepting them, It's not about me, You're not alone, Taking it to heart, Lifts me up, and Supporting role, with an overarching focus of Bearing witness. Nursing implications for this study suggest that using advanced practice psychiatric nurses in med-surg settings may help to support the hiring and training of skilled sitters and lead to improved psychological nursing care. In addition, identifying health care workers who best "fit" the sitter profile may promote the role from one of safety surveillance to one of therapeutic engagement.
Role of 6-Methoxybenzoxazolinone in Inbred Resistance of Host Plant (Maize) to First-Brood Larvae of European Corn Borer

Eleven maize inbreds were used in a quantitative analysis for 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone (6MBOA) by the technique of isotopic dilution. Carbon14-labeled 6MBOA was synthesized, and isolation and purification of 6MBOA from plant tissues were accomplished by thin layer chromatography. A correlation exists between the amount of 6MBOA produecd by 11 inbred strains of maize at the whorl stage of plant development and the field rating of resistance of the inbred strains to 1st-brood larvae of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner). The correlation can he expressed by the general equation: Log10(concentration of 6MBOA) = K (resistance rating) + B, where K and B are constants. Lighly resistant inbred lines yielded about 10 times more 6MBOA than the highly susceptible inbred strains. The yield of 6MBOA or the content of the glucoside precursor of inbred strains of maize may serve as an indicator of the degree of resistance a given inbred strain may express in the field. Bioassay tests of 6MBOA showed the compound to be an inhibitor of the rate of borer pupation when it was incorporated into an artificial diet at a concentration of 0.5 mg/g diet. No significant difference of mortality or average pupal weight was detected. Addition of vitamin supplement to the diet of the borer grossly attenuated the effect of 6MBOA. If 1 g of diet is assumed to be equivalent to 1 g of tissue from fresh corn plants, the concentration of 0.5 mg per g diet is twice the concentration found in any inbred strain analyzed for content of 6MBOA. Evidence indicates that 6MBOA is of little consequence in the phenomenon of resistance. However, precursors of 6MBOA may play an active role.
Changes in the nutritional status of children and adolescents in Shandong, China.

Objective Nutritional status during childhood plays an important role in the human life cycle. The present study examined the prevalence trends in different grades of nutritional status (thinness, normal weight, overweight and obesity) among children and adolescents in Shandong, China. Design Data for the study were obtained from six cross-sectional surveys of schoolchildren carried out in 1985, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2014. Height and weight of all children were measured; BMI was calculated from their height and weight. International BMI cut-offs were used to define thinness, overweight and obesity. Setting Shandong Province, China. Subjects A total of 56 045 students aged 7–18 years were included in the current analysis. Results In the past 29 years, the prevalence of thinness decreased from 18·22 % and 23·45 % in 1985 to 7·18 % and 9·49 % in 2014 for boys and girls, respectively. Conversely, the prevalence of combined overweight and obesity increased from 1·79 % and 1·66 % in 1985 to 31·12 % and 20·11 % in 2014 for boys and girls, respectively. Conclusions The nutritional profile of Shandong children and adolescents had an obvious change over the past 29 years. Special attention should be paid to controlling the rapid rise of childhood overweight and obesity.
Successful intravenous catheterization by medical students.

Abstract Background Intravenous (IV) catheter placement is one of the most basic and essential medical procedures. However, IV placement can be a source of anxiety for medical students as it is often their first procedural patient care. We sought to investigate the factors that impact the success rate of this skill and to determine at what rate students improve. Materials and methods A confidential web-based survey was distributed to a total of 367 third and fourth year students at Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine. The responses were collected over a 2-wk period in July 2015. Results The response rate was 49.0% (180/367); 65.5% of the M3s and 21.8% of the M4s have never had an opportunity to place an IV. The success rate was higher in students with prior experience as laboratory researchers (86.6%, P = 0.014) as well as emergency medical technicians (81.4%, P = 0.038) when compared to students with no experience. Prior preparation such as reading, watching videos, or even lectures did not increase the success rate. Success rates rapidly improved from 47% for the first attempt to 86% for the fifth attempt. Conclusions A significant percentage of students did not have opportunities to attempt IV catheter placement. We found prior experience, not only as an emergency medical technician but also as a laboratory researcher, significantly increased the success rate. Prior preparations did not improve success rate, and most of the students were successful after only five attempts.
10 RHO-SPECIFIC NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTOR GEF-H1 MEDIATES AGONIST-INDUCED LUNG ENDOTHELIAL BARRIER DYSFUNCTION.

Rationale Endothelial cell (EC) permeability is precisely controlled by cytoskeletal elements (actin filaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments). We have recently shown that the edemagenic agonist thrombin caused partial microtubule (MT) disassembly, which was linked to activation of small GTPase Rho, Rho-mediated actin remodeling, cell contraction, and EC barrier dysfunction. In this study we tested the hypothesis that MT-associated Rho-specific GEF-H1 may mediate Rho-dependent EC barrier dysfunction associated with partial MT disassembly. Methods Endogenous GEF-H1 was depleted using siRNA technique. Functional GEF-H1 mutants were introduced to EC using transient transfection and nucleofection techniques. EC permeability changes were assessed by measurements of transendothelial electrical resistance. EC monolayer integrity and cytoskeletal remodeling were evaluated by immunofluorescent analysis of MLC phosphorylation and actin rearrangement. MLC and MYPT1 phosphorylation induced by thrombin (0.02 U/mL) or MT-depolymerizing agent nocodazole (0.2 μM) was detected by immunobloting with phosphospecific antibodies. Results Depletion of GEF-H1 or expression of dominant negative GEF-H1 mutant significantly attenuated thrombin- and nocodazole-induced permeability increase and actin stress fiber formation associated with increased phosphorylation of Rho-Rho-kinase targets MLC and MYPT1. In contrast, expression of wild-type or activated GEF-H1 mutants dramatically enhanced thrombin and nocodazole effects on stress fiber formation and cell retraction. Conclusions These results demonstrate for the first time a role for the GEF-H1 in the Rho activation induced by MT disassembly and suggest GEF-H1 as a key molecule involved in crosstalk between MT and actin cytoskeleton in agonist-induced Rho-dependent EC barrier regulation. AHA SDG (A.A.B.) HL80675, HL058064 (A.D.V.), HL76259, HL75349 (K.G.B.).
The Relationship Between Development Finance and National Energy Revolution

The rise of national energy revolution is the inevitable result of the trend of global energy reform and its own development,which is related to the overall situation of China′s modernization.In this paper,the analysis of the domestic and international energy situation,the current situation of national energy and the necessity of the revolution are made.At the same time,the development and advantage of the important part of the national financial investment is described,and based on this,the paper puts forward the strategic thinking of solving the predicament of national energy revolution with the development of finance,from the perspectives of market construction,investment promotion,technical support,infrastructure,international cooperation and so on.
Inhibition of Escherichia coli by bifidobacteria

The ability of five ATCC bifidobacterial species to produce antimicrobial substances was investigated by testing the effects of spent bifidobacterial broths on the growth Escherichia coli in the thioglycollate medium. Such broths were most inhibitory if their pH was not readjusted to neutrality. When that was done, the inhibition ranged from 30 to 43%. Such inhibition of E. coli growth could be duplicated by a 3:2 aceticlactic acid mixture adjusted to neutral pH. It was concluded that no antibacterial substances other than acetic and lactic acids were produced by bifidobacterial strains used, and that the effects of these ubiquitous fermentation products, as well as pH effects, be taken into consideration before the existence of other antimicrobial factors is proposed.
Selection of the type of urinary diversion in conjunction with radical cystectomy.

AbstractSeveral different methods of urinary diversion currently are available for use in conjunction with radical cystectomy. The method of urinary diversion performed at the time of radical cystectomy was reviewed for patients undergoing surgery from April 1984 through March 1986. A total of 91 urinary diversions was performed. Of the patients 74 per cent had a diversion with an external appliance (including 68 per cent with an ileal conduit), 14 per cent had a continent urinary reservoir (Kock pouch) and 11 per cent had an internal reservoir anastomosed to the urethra and, thus, avoided any stoma. There are inherent disadvantages to each form of urinary diversion and patient selection will be important to identify the most appropriate method of diversion for an individual.
Parental intentions to enroll children in a voluntary expanded newborn screening program

Abstract Background and objectives Nearly all babies in the United States are tested at birth for rare, serious, and treatable disorders through mandatory state newborn screening (NBS). Recently, there have been calls for an expanded, voluntary model to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of a wider range of disorders. We applied the reasoned action framework to examine parental intentions to participate in voluntary expanded screening. Methods We recruited a national cohort of recent and expectant parents living in the U.S. who completed a self-administered online survey (N = 1001). Using a mixed-level fractional factorial experiment, we studied parental participation intentions and preferences for timing of consent, cost, consent format, and testing options. Results We conducted a hierarchical regression analysis assessing parental intentions to participate in voluntary expanded NBS. Attitudes, perceived normative influence, and perceived behavioral control explained substantial variance in intention, with perceived normative influence emerging as the strongest predictor. We found no evidence that the manipulated program features altered mean levels of intention, but timing of parental permission, cost, and permission format moderated the relative importance of reasoned action constructs on intention. Conclusion Program design features may impact the psychological mechanisms underlying parental decision making for voluntary expanded screening. These results have important implications for parent education, outreach, and informed parental permission procedures.
Can the Differences between Male and Female Science Majors Account for the Low Number of Women at the Doctoral Level in Science

This article comes from my doctoral dissertation. I decided on this study after writing two other dissertation proposals that built on my interest in neurophysiology and my work identifying the aggression center in the brains of cats as well as my interest in studying why there were so few women in science. The first proposal I wrote is best forgotten.
A Novel CD94+ Immature NK Cell Population Based on NKp80 Expression with ILC3-like Features in Human Secondary Lymphoid Tissue

Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells are important for their innate ability to identify and kill cancer cells without previous stimulation. However, many of the mechanisms concerning their differentiation from immature precursor cells are still unknown. Elucidation of these pathways are critical to improving targeted therapies that can both activate as well as overcome inhibitory pathways that prevent an effective response. NK cells are thought to develop in secondary lymphoid tissue (SLT) through five stages distinguished by the expression of CD34, CD117, CD94, and CD16. While virtually all NK cells in blood express the pan-NK cell activating receptor, NKp80, we have discovered a distinct Lin CD94+NKp80-CD16- population that is selectively enriched in SLT. The NKp80- population appears to comprise those cells “in transit” between stage 3 (CD117+CD94-) and stage 4 (CD117loCD94+) when evaluating CD94 and CD117 expression among Lin-CD34- cells by flow cytometry. These ex vivo data suggest that this NKp80- population may represent a novel NK cell developmental intermediate (NKDI). SLT-derived NKp80- cells lack cytolytic granules, show minimal cytotoxicity, and produce negligible amounts of interferon-gamma when compared to NKp80+ NK cells in SLT and blood. In addition, NKp80- cells have lower mRNA and protein expression of TBET and EOMES compared to NKp80+ NK, while expressing these factors at higher levels compared to stage 3 cells. Unexpectedly, the NKp80- population also demonstrates Group 3 innate lymphoid cell (ILC3)-like features ex vivo with expression of surface interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor 1 and CD127 and mRNA and protein expression of the ILC3-associated transcription factors, AHR and RORC. Moreover, following overnight stimulation with IL-1-beta and IL-23, NKp80- cells produce IL-22, albeit at lower concentrations compared to stage 3 cells. Collectively, these data identify NKp80 as a surrogate marker of functional competence during in vivo human NK cell development and provide evidence for the existence of at least two distinct maturation steps within the previously described stage 4 NK cell population in SLT. Since CD94 expression is currently considered to be NK-restricted, these findings raise new questions regarding the developmental relationship between NK cells and ILC3 in humans. In addition, as ILC3s are primarily used to stimulate an anti-microbial defense while NK cells are functional anti-cancer effector cells, defining the differentiation patterns of these cells can have impacts in both of these areas of research. Studies are ongoing to investigate the in vitro differentiation potential(s) of this novel SLT-derived Lin-CD94+NKp80-CD16- population. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Reinventing the circuit board with integrated optical interconnects

We present a new photonic interconnect platform consisting of silicon photonic optical interposers and a multilayer optical circuit board which provides unprecedented communications capacity at circuit board scales.
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Infants Aged 0-60 Days in the United States in the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era

We identified 53 infants aged 0-60 days with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) at 8 children's hospitals in the United States (2005-2015). After the introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), IPD caused by PCV13 serotypes decreased ~30% providing some evidence of indirect protection. However, approximately 60% of IPD was still caused by PCV13 serotypes.
Using Proxies for Node Immunization Identification on Large Graphs

Given a large graph, like a social network, which $k$ nodes should be immunized (or removed) to make the network safe from the spread of a virus? This is the node immunization problem. One of the classical methods, inspired by immunology, in analyzing this problem relies on the calculation of the largest eigenvalue before and after immunization in order to create the largest difference in eigenvalue. We propose a method that does not rely on a costly calculation of eigenvalues; instead, we rely on the notion of proxies and deterministic routing areas in order to find such nodes to immunize. We show that our results are consistent with the notion of vulnerability and produces equivalent results when compared with the existing algorithms. Furthermore, experimental results show that when a virus is not allowed to die out (controlled by the strength of the virus), our algorithm ensures that more nodes are safe from infection.
Nitrate and nitrite reductase activities of Mycobacterium avium

Background: In spite of the fact that the standard test for nitrate reductase activity is negative for Mycobacterium avium, it can grow in a defined minimal medium with either nitrate (NO3) or nitrite (NO2) as sole nitrogen sources. Methods: NO3-and NO2-reductase activities were measured in soluble and membrane fractions of aerobically grown cells of M. avium and those grown aerobically and shifted to anaerobiosis. Results: NO3- and NO2-reductase activities were only detected in the membrane fractions and the two enzyme activities were significantly reduced if cells were grown aerobically in the presence of ammonia (NH4). The NO2-reductase activity of membrane fractions was 2-fold higher than that of NO3-reductase consistent with the fact that NO3-reductase activity of M. avium cannot be detected if measured by nitrite formation. Membrane fractions of M. avium cells grown 1 week aerobically and then 2 weeks under anaerobic conditions had NO3-and NO2-reductase activities. Conclusion: The results are consistent with the presence of assimilatory NO3-and NO2-reductase activities in cells of M. avium grown under aerobic conditions. Further, the data suggest that a shift to anaerobic conditions results in the appearance of ammonium-insensitive NO3-and NO2-reductase activities; quite possibly that function in a dissimilatory role (redox balancing).
Comparing Paper and Tablet Modes of Retrospective Activity Space Data Collection.

Individual actions are both constrained and facilitated by the social context in which individuals are embedded. But research to test specific hypotheses about the role of space on human behaviors and well-being is constrained by the difficulty of collecting accurate and personally relevant social context data. We report on a project in Chitwan, Nepal, that directly addresses challenges to collect accurate activity space data. We test if a computer assisted interviewing (CAI), tablet-based approach to collecting activity space data was more accurate than a paper map-based approach; we also examine which subgroups of respondents provided more accurate data with the tablet mode compared to paper. Results show that the tablet approach yielded more accurate data when comparing respondent-indicated locations to the known locations as verified by on-the-ground staff. In addition, the accuracy of the data provided by older and less healthy respondents benefited more from the tablet mode.
Heart Failure and Hypothermia in an Infant: Pseudocyanide Syndrome?

Purpose. Mixed or central venous oxygen saturation has not been described during concurrent heart failure and hypothermia in children, both of which may be associated with hyperlactatemia. This report of an infant with heart failure and hypothermia is significant for increased inferior vena cava (IVC) oxygen saturation and hyperlactatemia. Case Report. A 36-day-old female was fussy for a day and then developed respiratory distress. In the Pediatric ER, she was tachycardic (260 beats/minute) and hypothermic (32.4 degrees C) with prolonged capillary refill and faint distal pulses. Adenosine was given twice via an intraosseous line for supraventricular tachycardia, with conversion to sinus rhythm. Blood drawn from an IVC catheter was significant for uncorrected (for temperature) oxygen saturation of 94% and lactate 18 mmol/L; corrected and uncorrected IVC oxygen saturation early during rewarming were >90%. During rewarming, declines in uncorrected IVC oxygen saturation and lactate correlated. Hypothermia and hyperlactatemia resolved after 10 and 12 hours. Conclusions. Concurrent heart failure and hypothermia in an infant were associated with increased IVC oxygen saturation and hyperlactatemia, similar to lab findings associated with a mitochondrial toxin such as cyanide. Improvement of heart failure and hypothermia were associated with resolution of these lab abnormalities, thus helping to rule out mitochondrial toxins. Additional reports may help better define a pseudocyanide syndrome in this setting.
Correcting for solvent replacement effects in quartz crystal microbalance measurements

Abstract The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is frequently used to measure the adsorption of molecules from a liquid bulk phase onto surfaces. However, determining the true mass adsorbed onto the surface from the raw frequency shift values often involves various correction factors. In this paper, we highlight yet another correction factor that arises from correcting for the bulk, Kanazawa–Gordon-like solvent contribution to the total frequency shift. This correction factor depends on the cross-sectional size of the solute and solvent molecules on the surface, and shows that the apparent mass adsorbed reported by the QCM can significantly differ from the true mass. By performing molecular dynamics simulations of adsorption from a liquid phase, we are able to accurately estimate the molecular sizes of the solvent and solute. Using stearic acid in heptane solutions, and iron oxide surfaces, we quantify the magnitude of the correction factor by comparing the uncorrected and corrected QCM data. This paper emphasizes the importance of accounting for deviations from widely used models in analyzing measured frequency shifts in QCM experiments, to accurately obtain the true adsorbed mass.
The benefits and challenges of visitation practices in correctional settings: Will video visitation assist incarcerated fathers and their children?

Abstract Increased incarceration over the last thirty years has dismantled family structures, leaving many low-income African-American fathers physically separated from their children. Jails, in particular, serve as the gateway to imprisonment, holding one-third of the adult incarcerated population, and have grown nearly as rapidly as the state prison population. As the gateway to imprisonment, jails can serve a crucial role in facilitating or impeding communication among fathers and their children if facilities' visitation policies and practices are family-focused. In this article, we find that early and frequent visitation benefits incarcerated fathers (e.g. fathers' role identity, reduced misconduct, and positive reentry outcomes) and their children (e.g. maintain familial structure, family reunification, and reduced trauma from separation). We discuss that visitation policies vary across facility types and within states. Additionally, we find that family-focused visitation practices are diminishing and that a new form of visitation through video technology has emerged, which is often less-regulated in jails. Finally, we conclude with existing and proposed policy implications at the local, state, and federal levels.
Planning a medical relief mission

Surveillance of drug consumption and disease incidence from medical relief missions in two locations--southeast Asia and eastern Africa--revealed close similarities. Analgesics, antibiotics, antimalarials, antihistamine or decongestant preparations (or both), bronchodilators, and scabicides were the 10 most commonly used drugs. Orthopedic, respiratory, gastrointestinal, dermatologic, and ophthalmic conditions, malaria, sexually transmitted diseases, and parasitic infestations were encountered most frequently. Recognition and early treatment of xerophthalmia, trachoma, and onchocerciasis, which are rare in more developed countries but common at tropical latitudes, can prevent the blindness that results from untreated disease progression. Pulse-temperature relationships and fever patterns may offer diagnostic clues to physicians deprived of laboratory support. Important logistic considerations, disease incidences, and selected topics and idiosyncrasies of humanitarian aid missions to tropical communities are discussed in hopes of aiding providers who are planning future relief missions.
Dupuytren’s Contracture

Dupuytren’s contracture is a benign fibromatosis of the palmar and digital fascia of the hand. It is a genetic, progressive and irreversible disease. This genetic disease is regarded as autosomal dominant, with variable penetrance, and implicating chromosome 16q. Siblings of patients with Dupuytren’s contracture are three times more likely to have the disease. Genes that regulate collagen breakdown are inhibited and genes that promote collagen development are promoted. Excessive myofibroblast proliferation and altered collagen matrix lead to thickened and contracted palmar fascia altering hand function. Collagen turnover is a normal part of growth, bone formation, wound healing, and strength responses to mechanical forces. This imbalance in collagen turnover leads to collagen deposition. It is most common in white males peaking in the fourth to fifth decade of life, incidence rises with increasing age, and commonly bilateral. Presented are basic histology, clinical findings, diagnostics, and treatment of Dupuytren’s contracture.
Ariadne: Online Provenance for Big Graph Analytics

Data provenance is a powerful tool for debugging large-scale analytics on batch processing systems. This paper presents Ariadne, a system for capturing and querying provenance from Vertex-Centric graph processing systems. While the size of provenance from map-reduce-style workflows is often a fraction of the input data size, graph algorithms iterate over the input graph many times, producing provenance much larger than the input graph. And though current provenance tracing procedures support explicit debugging scenarios, like crash-culprit determination, developers are increasingly interested in the behavior of analytics when a crash or exception does not occur. To address this challenge, Ariadne offers developers a concise declarative query language to capture and query graph analytics provenance. Exploiting the formal semantics of this datalog-based language, we identify useful query classes that can run while an analytic computes. Experiments with various analytics and real-world datasets show the overhead of online querying is 1.3x over the baseline vs. 8x for the traditional approach. These experiments also illustrate how Ariadne's query language supports execution monitoring and performance optimization for graph analytics.
Effectiveness of an Advanced Critical Care Echocardiography Course.

Background:Advanced critical care echocardiography (CCE) involves comprehensive assessment of cardiac structure and function for frontline critical care applications. This study reports the effecti...
Duplicitous Me: Communal Narcissists and Public Service Motivation:

This article explores communal narcissism and a possible dark side of public service motivation (PSM) in the context of employment sector. Personality psychology insights are offered to further dev...
Rates and Costs of Dispensing Naloxone to Patients at High Risk for Opioid Overdose in the United States, 2014–2018

Clinical practice guidelines recommend co-prescribing naloxone to patients at high risk of opioid overdose, but few such patients receive naloxone. High costs of naloxone may contribute to limited dispensing. The aim of this study was to evaluate rates and costs of dispensing naloxone to patients receiving opioid prescriptions and at high risk for opioid overdose. Using claims data from a large US commercial insurance company, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of new opioid initiators between January 2014 and December 2018. We identified patients at high risk for overdose defined as a diagnosis of opioid use disorder, prior overdose, an opioid prescription of ≥ 50 mg morphine equivalents/day for ≥ 90 days, and/or concurrent benzodiazepine prescriptions. Among 5,292,098 new opioid initiators, 616,444 (12%) met criteria for high risk of overdose during follow-up, and, of those, 3096 (0.5%) were dispensed naloxone. The average copayment was US$24.83 for naloxone (standard deviation [SD] 67.66) versus US$9.74 for the index opioid (SD 19.75). The average deductible was US$6.18 for naloxone (SD 27.32) versus US$3.74 for the index opioid (SD 25.56), with 94% and 88% having deductibles of US$0 for their naloxone and opioid prescriptions, respectively. The average out-of-pocket cost was US$31.01 for naloxone (SD 73.64) versus US$13.48 for the index opioid (SD 34.95). Rates of dispensing naloxone to high risk patients were extremely low, and prescription costs varied greatly. Since improving naloxone’s affordability may increase access, whether naloxone’s high cost is associated with low dispensing rates should be evaluated.
Estimation of Resilient Modulus for Fine-Grained Soils Using Ground Penetrating Radar

As state Departments of Transportation (DOT) continue to adopt the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG), the ability to readily obtain higher quality input parameters becomes an ever-growing need. One such parameter is the Resilient Modulus (MR), which is defined as the ratio of cyclic deviatoric stress to recoverable strain. The ensuing investigation was conducted in an attempt to replace the use of the repeated load triaxial test in determining the MR of soils with modulus estimations obtained from Light Weight Deflectometer (LWD) and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) testing. The constructed test setup consisted of a test pit subdivided into six sections containing an elastic silt (MH) at different water content and density levels. LWD and GPR testing was conducted at each of the six test sections, and the results were correlated to the different soil water content and density levels. Through a regression analysis, the preliminary model was developed the ELWD of fine-grained soils was estimated using the soil’s water content, bulk density, and the measured dielectric constant. A strong correlation was observed (R2 of 0.858) between the predicted and measured ELWD values, indicating its potential for future use in predicting stiffness of fine-grained soils using GPR.
A Deep Learning Technique to Countermeasure Video-Based Presentation Attacks

Presentation attack detection (PAD) on faces is crucial to countermeasure face recognition system from a security breach. The increase in convenience to our lives is not without its own additional avenue for exposure to a security breach. The presentation attack (PA), or spoofing attack is the act of using artificial/synthetic materials to get unauthorized access into a secured system. For example, an individual could use a 3D printed mask, or even a digital or printed photograph to circumvent a facial recognition authentication system, for the case of iris-detection an intruder could use custom contact lenses, and for fingerprints, digital prosthetics to penetrate a secured system. Previously, many deep learning approaches utilize a very deep complex model to handle face PAD. To countermeasure the above issue, in this paper, we apply a deep learning approach to mitigate the presentation attack. In our proposed approach, we implement a lightweight ‘modified-AlexNet’ and obtained the highest test accuracy of 99.89% on the Spoof in the Wild (SiW) dataset.
Priority-based optimisation model for developing CIP using PASER for city roads: a case study

This study developed a priority-based optimisation model for Pavement Management Systems (PMS) using Pavement Surface Evaluation and Ratings (PASER) for city roads. By synchronising the available b...
Be Fit, Be Sharp, Be Well: The Case for Exercise as a Treatment for Cognitive Impairment in Late-life Depression.

Objective To lay out the argument that exercise impacts neurobiological targets common to both mood and cognitive functioning, and thus more research should be conducted on its use as an alternative or adjunctive treatment for cognitive impairment in late-life depression (LLD). Method This narrative review summarizes the literature on cognitive impairment in LLD, describes the structural and functional brain changes and neurochemical changes that are linked to both cognitive impairment and mood disruption, and explains how exercise targets these same neurobiological changes and can thus provide an alternative or adjunctive treatment for cognitive impairment in LLD. Results Cognitive impairment is common in LLD and predicts recurrence of depression, poor response to antidepressant treatment, and overall disability. Traditional depression treatment with medication, psychotherapy, or both, is not effective in fully reversing cognitive impairment for most depressed older adults. Physical exercise is an ideal treatment candidate based on evidence that it 1) is an effective treatment for depression, 2) enhances cognitive functioning in normal aging and in other patient populations, and 3) targets many of the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie mood and cognitive functioning. Results of the limited existing clinical trials of exercise for cognitive impairment in depression are mixed but overall support this contention. Conclusions Although limited, existing evidence suggests exercise may be a viable alternative or adjunctive treatment to address cognitive impairment in LLD, and thus more research in this area is warranted. Moving forward, additional research is needed in large, diverse samples to translate the growing research findings into clinical practice.
Microwave Ablation of Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Management options for small renal masses include active surveillance, partial nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy, and thermal ablation. For tumors typically ≤3 cm in size, thermal ablation is a good...
“Surveys Are [Not] The Be-All And End-All:” Genericness Determinations After Booking.Com

The Supreme Court of the United States’ October 2019 Term delivered several significant decisions that could reshape the intellectual property field for years to come. Three of these decisions came in trademark law cases, including the decision in United States Patent & Trademark Office v. Booking.com B.V. In Booking.com, the Court held narrowly that “Whether any given ‘generic.com’ term is generic . . . depends on whether consumers in fact perceive that term as the name of a class or, instead, as a term capable of distinguishing among members of the class.” This holding, on its face, does not drastically alter trademark theory or practice related to genericness determinations. Despite the limited holding in Booking.com, concern arose amongst trademark scholars, echoing the dissent of Justice Breyer, that the Court’s decision in Booking.com would open the door to a flood of generic.com registrations and eventually stifle competition in the online marketplace. These concerns were heightened by dicta throughout the Court’s opinion emphasizing Booking.com’s genericness survey. Acknowledging that the Court’s emphasis on consumer perception provides new support against a robust application of the secondary meaning doctrine, this note argues that the Court’s decision in Booking.com should drive trademark applicants, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”), and other mark challengers to place increased emphasis on non-survey evidence of (non-)genericness and to more stringently and consistently challenge survey evidence of non-genericness.
Identification, Semiparametric Efficiency, and Quadruply Robust Estimation in Mediation Analysis with Treatment-Induced Confounding

Natural mediation effects are often of interest when the goal is to understand a causal mechanism. However, most existing methods and their identification assumptions preclude treatment-induced con...
Spontaneous perforation of the intestine by an abdominal pregnancy.

Abstract A case of abdominal pregnancy with spontaneous perforation of the sigmoid has been presented. The fetus was delivered by the abdominal route and a sigmoid colostomy performed. The patient's postoperative course was complicated by dehiscence of the wound and the development of a gas gangrene infection. In spite of massive antibiotic therapy and surgical drainage, the patient succumbed.
Characterization of Rat CD8+ Uveitogenic T Cells Specific for Interphotoreceptor Retinal-Binding Protein 1177–1191

The uveitogenic T cells that mediate experimental autoimmune uveitis are commonly assumed to be exclusively CD4 + . In the present study, we showed that, although a panel of long-term cultured rat uveitogenic T cell lines specific for the interphotoreceptor retinal-binding protein peptide, R16, all expressed CD4, ∼40% of the R16-specific uveitogenic T cells freshly prepared from Ag-immunized rats were CD8 + αβTCR + , as demonstrated by CFSE staining. We showed that the expansion of these CD8 + αβTCR + T cells was Ag-specific and that highly purified CD8 + R16-specific T cells were able to induce uveitis on transfusion into naive rats. Moreover, CD8 + uveitogenic T cells more readily switched phenotype from, and to, TCR − CD8 − CD4 − during in vivo or in vitro activation compared with their CD4 + counterparts. In a previous study, we showed that highly purified CD8 + myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-specific T cells induced more severe autoimmune encephalomyelitis than the corresponding CD4 + T cells. In this study, we show that an interphotoreceptor retinal-binding protein peptide consistently activated a high proportion of CD8 + αβTCR + T cells, which were uveitogenic in Lewis rats.
Predictors of client retention in alternative -to -prison substance abuse programs

OF THE DISSERTATION PREDICTORS OF CLIENT RETENTION IN ALTERNATIVE TO PRISON SUBSTANCE ABUSE PROGRAMS
Field Practicum Experiences of Macro-Oriented Graduate Students

Abstract This research examined the understudied field practicum experiences of macro-oriented (management and community practice) social work graduate students in macro practice settings. MANOVA results suggest that, although macro and clinical practice student s (n = 477) were similar in many ways, macro practice students, regardless of age, experience, or program status, reported less positive field placement experiences than clinical practice students. Implications and recommendations are discussed for macro-level social work education, the structure of management and community practice fieldwork, and supervision in macro-oriented practicum.
New Estimates on the Effect of Parental Separation on Child Health

This study examines the causal link between parental non-marital relationship dissolution and the health status of young children. Using a representative sample of children all born out of wedlock drawn from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, we investigate whether separation between unmarried biological parents has a causal effect on a child’s likelihood of developing asthma. Adopting a potential outcome framework to account for selection of relationship dissolution, we find that children whose parents separate within three years after childbirth are seven percent more likely to develop asthma by age three, compared to if their parents had remained romantically involved. We provide evidence that socioeconomically disadvantaged fathers are more likely to see the relationship with their child’s mother end, and selection into relationship dissolution along these dimensions helps explain the poorer health outcomes found among out-of-wedlock children whose parents separate.
Gaps in guideline implementation: a cause for concern, time for action.

Lipid-lowering therapy with statins is well established as one of most effective treatments for secondary prevention in patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD) [(1)][1]. During the past several decades, numerous large, well-designed, randomized, controlled clinical trials as well as
Dexamethasone-induced accumulation of a fibronectin and collagen extracellular matrix in transformed human cells

NUMEROUS differences have been demonstrated between normal and transformed cells in culture. One characteristic finding is the presence of a 2–2.5 × 105 molecular weight externally disposed glycoprotein (fibronectin) on normal cells and its absence from cell surface association in transformed cells (see refs 1–3 for reviews). Transformed human cells are known to synthesise and shed fibronectin, although at a much lower rate than comparable normal cells4,5. Studies using immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase methods have demonstrated fibronectin in pericellular structures of fibroblasts and myoblasts in what we have termed an extracellular filamentous matrix6. In transformed cells that are producing fibronectin, though at a lower rate, there is a failure to incorporate the glycoprotein into the extracellular matrix. There is also a similar failure to incorporate collagen into a cellular matrix in transformed fibroblasts7. The function of this protein, fibronectin, is thought to be related to cellular adhesiveness and perhaps thereby have some role in cell shape. Transformed cells are less adhesive to each other and to substrates when grown in vitro and upon addition of exogenous fibronectin there is a concomitant increase in adhesiveness and change in cell shape8,9. There are many examples of glucocorticoids modulating differentiation some of which include, liver10, pancreas11, mammary gland12, retina13 and myoblasts14. Recent work in the exocrine pancreas11 suggests that glucocorticoids may induce specific enzymes without altering the level of general cellular proteins. Glucocorticoids have been shown to stimulate proliferation in growth arrested cells15 and modify in a synergistic or inhibitory manner cellular responses to other hormones. We report here the effects of dexamethasone on modifying one phenotypic characteristic of cells, namely the occurrence of an extracellular filamentous matrix consisting of fibronectin and collagen. Based on the old hypothesis that transformed or malignant cells are arrested in differentiation, we consider development of the matrix a manifestation of the differentiated state of fibroblasts.
Monte Carlo simulations of multiplexed electronic grade CVD diamond for neutron detection

Abstract A novel and evolutionary multiplexing technique is introduced in this work where electronic grade single crystal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond plates are multiplexed together in both a series and parallel configuration, sending electronic signals from each diamond plate to a single electronic acquisition system. Modeling of this novel multiplexing technique consisted of MCNPX simulations and significant post processing. The model developed allowed for the characterization of charge collection efficiency corrections to the location of charge creation to determine the effect of increasing detection medium size with respect to charge collection direction on the measured pulse height spectrum. This work was conducted to show that this technique is theoretically capable of replacing a single crystal diamond plate of similar size for use in neutron detection without the immediate need of advancing CVD diamond growth technologies. Further, this work indicates the expected pulse height evolution from a singular large single crystal diamond if such a crystal is produced in the future. The results of this work indicate that a 14.1 MeV neutron induced energy pulse of 8.4 MeV (due to the 12C(n,αo)9Be reaction) in the pulse height spectrum has its energy resolution broadened by a factor of two to a total value of 0.225 percent for a multiplexed array with a thickness from 0.05 to 1 cm and an intrinsic detection efficiency of 25.4 percent for a 1 cm thick diamond crystal. It is also qualitatively discussed that the number of secondary neutron interactions with the diamond detector array may be about 5 percent. The results of this work indicate the capability of multiplexing diamond plates together for spectroscopic neutron detection with a combined intrinsic detection efficiency and energy resolution greater than any other diamond-based neutron detection system reported to date.