cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Applications of in Vivo EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging

Free radicals are central mediators of a variety of cardiovascular diseases. It has been hypothesized that free radical metabolism, oxygenation, and nitric oxide generation in biological organs such as the heart may vary over the spatially defined tissue structure. There has been great interest in the measurement and spatial imaging of in vivo radical generation and metabolism in the heart. EPR spectroscopy can directly measure free radicals; however, it had not been possible to measure important biological radicals in situ in the heart because conventional spectrometers are not suitable for measurements on large aqueous structures such as whole organs or tissues. This chapter summarizes the design, construction, and application of instrumentation for EPR spectroscopy and imaging of the isolated heart. The spectrometer consists of an L-band microwave bridge with the source locked to the resonant frequency of a specially designed loop-gap resonator or reentrant resonator. Radical concentrations as low as 0.2 µM in aqueous solutions could be measured. Studies of isolated beating hearts involving simultaneous real time measurements of free radicals and cardiac contractile function are described. Applications studying the kinetics of free radical metabolism in normally perfused and globally ischemic hearts are reviewed. It is also demonstrated that this technique can be used to noninvasively measure myocardial oxygenation. To address fundamental questions regarding the role of spatially localized alterations in radical metabolism, oxygenation, and nitric oxide in the pathophysiology of cellular injury during ischemia, instrumentation was developed and optimized for 3D spatial and 3D or 4D spectral-spatial imaging of free radicals in the isolated perfused rat heart at 1.2 GHz. High quality 3D spectral-spatial imaging of nitroxide metabolism was performed as well as spatially localized measurements of oxygen concentrations, derived from the oxygen dependent linewidth broadening. In these spectral-spatial images submillimeter resolution was observed enabling visualization of the left ventricular and right ventricular myocardium. With 3D spatial imaging using single-line labels, resolutions down to 100 um were obtained enabling visualization of the ventricles, aortic root, and proximal coronary arteries. Using metal complexes which trap nitroc oxide, measurement and imaging of nitric oxide generation during cardiac ischemia was performed. With the use of 15N isotope labeling it was possible to map the metabolic pathway of this nitric oxide generation. EPR imaging is a powerful tool that can provide unique information regarding the spatial localization of free radicals, oxygen, and nitric oxide in biological organs such as the heart.
Modern Data Processing Techniques for Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Quantitative analysis of mixtures by infrared spectroscopy can be considerably improved using modern interferometric techniques compared to classical dispersion methods. The improvement arises from two different benefits. First, the signal-to-noise ratios for the Fourier transform spectra are considerably enhanced and secondly, the digitized nature of the spectra allows the introduction of computerized data processing techniques. This paper will discuss the nature of these new data processing methods as utilized for the quantitative analysis of the mixtures. The logic pattern to be followed in developing the spectral methods is shown in Fig. 1. The FT-IR spectrum of the mixture is obtained and recorded as a digitized absorbance spectrum. The first question to be answered concerns the number of spectroscopically distinguishable components in the mixture. Two methods are available for making this spectral evaluation without chemical or physical separation of the components. If only two components are present, absorbance subtraction is simplest while the absorbance ratio method is more suitable for more complex mixtures [2, 3].
Hermes & the "Euexia": a note on nudity, youth & divinity in the gymnasium

During the annual festival of the Hermaia, participants in the gymnasium competed in the euexia, a contest judging the beauty and form of the naked body. As part of the annual festival to Hermes, the euexia celebrated aspects and attributes important both to the gymnasium and to its patron deity. Just as the fit and beautiful body was a sign of civic virtue, the process by which it was attained was inspired by Hermes: in the evanescent period of youth, gymnasts strove for recognition in the contests of the gymnasium. Euexia or physical fitness was closely bound with the idea of exertion and physical effort, mirroring the mythic strivings of Hermes as expressed in a set of actions, aspects, and attributes of the god at work in other fields.
O 17 ( d →, t ) 16 O at 89 MeV; j dependence and particle-hole matrix elements

Differential cross sections and analyzing powers were measured for $^{17}\mathrm{O}$(d\ensuremath{\rightarrow},t${)}^{16}$O with polarized deuterons of 89 MeV. States of $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ up to 22.89 MeV excitation energy have been studied with an overall resolution of 60 keV. Discrimination between analyzing powers (${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{y}}$) for different j transfers was found to be very good. The unique ${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{y}}$(\ensuremath{\theta}) shapes were used to deduce ${\mathit{p}}_{1/2}$-${\mathit{p}}_{3/2}$ mixing ratios for those levels where it was significant. We find unexpectedly strong mixing for the 6.130 MeV, ${3}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, and 8.872 MeV, ${2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, levels. Exact finite-range distorted-wave Born approximation calculations were used to identify l transfers and to extract spectroscopic strengths. Up to 23 MeV excitation, pickup strength is dominated by 1p transfer; less than 2% of the observed particle-hole strength results from 2s, 1d, or 1f transfer. Twelve particle-hole matrix elements for (${\mathit{p}}_{1/2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$${\mathit{d}}_{5/2}$) and (${\mathit{p}}_{3/2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$${\mathit{d}}_{5/2}$) configurations have been deduced. Comparison with previous work shows general agreement except for the T=0,${\mathit{J}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}$=${3}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ term.
An unusual case of pigmented villonodular synovitis after total knee arthroplasty presenting with recurrent hemarthrosis.

Abstract Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a benign proliferative joint disease, which is a rare finding after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). There is currently no link between PVNS and TKA, and it has been described infrequently in the literature. Its presentation has varied along with the time that it presents postoperatively. We describe a case of a patient who presents with recurrent hemarthrosis 4 years after TKA. The patient had no previous history of PVNS and had an arthroscopy 1 year after the index operation with no evidence of synovitis. We present details of the first case with a review of imaging and pathology and a brief review of the literature on PVNS occurring after TKA.
Abstract LB-330: A novel role of tumor suppressor BRCA1 in regulating integrity of heterochromatin structure.

Introduction: BRCA1, as well as BRCA2, were identified as the hereditary breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility genes that can account for almost all of inherited cases of breast cancers. BRCA1 is a multifunctional nuclear protein with a RING domain at the N-terminus. Heterochromatin is chromatin containing inactive genes. Pericentromeric heterochromatin is composed of highly repetitive tandem DNA repeats whose transcription is constitutively silenced. In mice, the repeats are classified as major and minor satellite repeats. Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) plays a critical role in maintaining heterochromatin structure. Methods: To study the biological function of the tumor suppressor BRCA1, we deleted BRCA1 in nestin positive neuronal stem cells in the brain and showed that the animals displayed severe neuro-developmental deficits. In the course of this work we discovered a novel molecular defect in BRCA1 deficient cells, i.e., a failure to maintain integrity of the heterochromatic structure. Results: In the absence of BRCA1, the number of heterochromatic centers is severely reduced in mouse neuronal cells. HP1 proteins are destabilized, and more importantly, the transcription of satellite DNA is derepressed in mouse neural progenitor cells, mouse fibroblasts, and human cancer cells, including a BRCA1 deficient breast cancer cell line. The defect in silencing invariably appears after the loss of the BRCA1 allele in our paradigm prior to exhibiting any neoplastic phenotype. What is the mechanism of BRCA1 in regulating the heterochromatin integrity? ChIP analysis showed that BRCA1 physically associates with both major satellite DNA and minor satellite DNA, whereas the association is diminished in the BRCA1 knockout animals. More intriguingly, the absence of BRCA1 binding to satellite DNA correlates with a drastic reduction of ubiquitinated histone H2A at the constitutive heterochromatin region. Because BRCA1 contains an E3 ubiquitin ligase activity which is enhanced by BARD1 and the complex ubiquitinate histone H2A in vitro, we examined the heterochromatin silencing in cells with different BRCA1 mutants. These experiments showed that the E3 ligase activity of BRCA1 is required for repression of satellite DNA transcription. Conclusions: Our working model is that mutations of BRCA1 may destabilize the protein complex and lead to defects in the heterochromatin integrity, thereby affecting the stability of the genome which is a hallmark of cancer. Given that mutants in the RING domains are the same as in women who have pathological diseases, we hypothesize that deregulation of satellite DNA transcription can be explored as an early detection marker for breast cancer progression in BRCA1 patients.
Arthroscopic irrigation and debridement is associated with favourable short-term outcomes vs. open management: an ACS-NSQIP database analysis.

Septic arthritis of the knee is an orthopaedic emergency that is associated with marked morbidity and can potentially be life threatening. Surgical debridement can be performed either arthroscopically or via an arthrotomy. The aim of this study was to compare the 30-day complications and adverse outcomes between the two procedures. Patients with a diagnosis of septic arthritis of the knee between 2011 and 2015 were identified using the ACS-NSQIP database. The study population included 695 patients, who had knee septic arthritis and underwent either an arthroscopic irrigation or debridement (ID 3.6%) compared to the open procedure (n = 31; 13.4%; p = 0.0001). Home discharge was significantly higher in the arthroscopic irrigation and debridement group (n = 310; 67.5%) compared to the open group (n = 126; 55%; p = 0.0013). The overall incidence of adverse events was lower in the arthroscopic group (n = 158; 34%) compared to the open group (n = 112; 49%; p = 0.0002). There was no difference in rates of infectious complications, thromboembolic events, hospital readmission, reoperation, or mortality between the groups. Open irrigation and debridement was associated with higher risk of bleeding requiring transfusion (OR = 3.79; 95% CI: 2.02–7.13; p = 0.0001), higher risk of incidence of adverse events (OR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.02–2.08; p = 0.039), and lower home discharge (OR = 3.79; 95% CI: 2.02–7.13; p = 0.0001) within 30 days after the procedure. Arthroscopic irrigation and debridement demonstrated favourable short-term outcomes. Patients who underwent arthroscopic irrigation and debridement had lower rates of blood transfusions, lower rates of adverse events, and higher home discharge rates compared to open irrigation and debridement. This study is the largest analysis comparing arthroscopic vs. open irrigation and debridement in a national database sample. These findings conclude that arthroscopic debridement can be an alternative first-line option in managing septic arthritis. III.
Tumor location does not impact oncologic outcomes for percutaneous microwave ablation of clinical T1a renal cell carcinoma

To evaluate the impact of anterior tumor location on oncologic efficacy, complication rates, and procedure duration for 151 consecutive biopsy-proven clinical T1a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated with percutaneous microwave (MW) ablation. This single-center retrospective study was performed under a waiver of informed consent. One hundred forty-eight consecutive patients (103 M/45 F; median age 67 years, IQR 61–73) with 151 cT1a biopsy-proven RCC (median diameter 2.4 cm, IQR 1.9–3.0) were treated with percutaneous MW ablation between March 2011 and August 2017. Patient and procedural data collected included Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), RENAL nephrometry score (NS), use of hydrodisplacement, MW antennas/generator output/time, and procedure time (PT). Data were stratified by anterior, posterior, and midline tumor location and compared with the Kruskal–Wallis or chi-squared tests. The Kaplan–Meier method was used for survival analyses. Tumor size, NS, and use/volume of hydrodisplacement were similar for posterior and anterior tumors (p > 0.05). Patients with anterior tumors had a higher CCI (3 vs 4, p = 0.001). Median PT for posterior and anterior tumors was similar (100 vs 108 min, p = 0.26). Single session technical success and primary efficacy were achieved for all 151 tumors including 61 posterior and 67 anterior tumors. The 4 (3%) Clavien III–IV complications and 6 (4%) local recurrences were not associated with tumor location (p > 0.05). Three-year RFS, CSS, and OS were 95% (95% CI 0.87, 0.98), 100% (95% CI 1.0, 1.0), and 96% (95% CI 0.89, 0.98), respectively. The safety and efficacy of percutaneous microwave ablation for anterior and posterior RCC are similar. • The safety profile for percutaneous microwave ablation of anterior and posterior T1a renal cell carcinoma is equivalent. • Percutaneous microwave ablation of T1a renal cell carcinoma provides durable oncologic control regardless of tumor location. • Placement of additional microwave antennas and use of hydrodisplacement are associated with longer procedure times.
Negotiating research stance: an ecology of tensions in the design and practice of community-engaged research

This article investigates tensions and challenges with enacting community-engaged research (CER) in the fields of communication design, technical communication, and community literacy. Drawing from interviews with 13 participants, we constructed a heuristic that identifies six tensions community-engaged researchers (CERs) often negotiate through their research stance: (1) embodiment and identity, (2) access and relationships, (3) interventions and actions, (4) institutions and disciplinarity, (5) intentions and outcomes, and (6) disclosure and write-up. CERs described the tensions as concurrent, noting that shifting commitments, liminality, and time were factors that span categories. These findings underscore the necessity of opening spaces in disciplinary and institutional contexts to value and recognize intellectual work associated with CER such as trust building, boundary negotiation, methodological construction, and relationship maintenance.
Dynamic changes in epithelial cell morphology control thymic organ size during atrophy and regeneration.

T lymphocytes must be produced throughout life, yet the thymus, where T lymphocytes are made, exhibits accelerated atrophy with age. Even in advanced atrophy, however, the thymus remains plastic, and can be regenerated by appropriate stimuli. Logically, thymic atrophy is thought to reflect senescent cell death, while regeneration requires proliferation of stem or progenitor cells, although evidence is scarce. Here we use conditional reporters to show that accelerated thymic atrophy reflects contraction of complex cell projections unique to cortical epithelial cells, while regeneration requires their regrowth. Both atrophy and regeneration are independent of changes in epithelial cell number, suggesting that the size of the thymus is regulated primarily by rate-limiting morphological changes in cortical stroma, rather than by their cell death or proliferation. Our data also suggest that cortical epithelial morphology is under the control of medullary stromal signals, revealing a previously unrecognized endocrine-paracrine signaling axis in the thymus. One aspect of ageing on immunity is attributed to accelerated thymic atrophy, but the underlying mechanism is still lacking. Here the authors show, using conditional reporter mouse models, that both atrophy and regeneration of the thymus are regulated by rate-limiting morphological changes in epithelial stroma, independent of cell death or proliferation.
Predicting Survival for Patients With Metastatic Disease

Purpose This prospective study aimed to determine the accuracy of radiation oncologists in predicting the survival of patients with metastatic disease receiving radiation therapy and to understand factors associated with their accuracy. Methods and Materials This single-institution study surveyed 22 attending radiation oncologists to estimate patient survival. Survival predictions were defined as accurate if the observed survival (OS) was within the correct survival prediction category (0-6 months, >6-12 months, >12-24 months, and >24 months). The physicians made survival estimates for each course of radiation, yielding 877 analyzable predictions for 689 unique patients. Data analysis included Stuart’s Tau C, logistic regression models, ordinal logistic regression models, and stepwise selection to examine variable interactions. Results Of the 877 radiation oncologists’ predictions, 39.7% were accurate, 26.5% were underestimations, and 33.9% were overestimations. Stuart’s Tau C showed low correlation between OS and survival estimates (0.3499), consistent with the inaccuracy reported in the literature. However, results showed less systematic overprediction than reported in the literature. Karnofsky performance status was the most significant predictor of accuracy, with greater accuracy for patients with shorter OS. Estimates were also more accurate for patients with lower Karnofsky performance status. Accuracy by patient age varied by primary site and race. Physician years of experience did not correlate with accuracy. Conclusions The sampled radiation oncologists have a 40% accuracy in predicting patient survival. Future investigation should explore how survival estimates influence treatment decisions and how to improve survival prediction accuracy.
Demonstration of the First Sub-GHz Comb-Based RF-Photonic Flat-Top Filter

We demonstrate the first sub-GHz flat-top RF-photonic filter based on a wide-band 25 GHz-pitched parametric comb. A narrow filter was constructed by fourth order dispersion compensation of the fiber for the first time. The filter performance was tested by digital modulated RF data retrieval.
Explaining citizen support for women police in India

In this paper, we examine citizen support for female police officers in India. More specifically, we examined the relationship of citizens’ perceptions of police effectiveness, corruption, general ...
Intellectual Precocity: What Have We Learned Since Terman?:

Over the past 50 years, eight robust generalizations about intellectual precocity have emerged, been empirically documented, and replicated through longitudinal research. Within the top 1% of gener...
Multiple Perspectives on the Meaning and Effects of Resiliency

Resilience refers to equipping cities to face future shocks and stresses it may experience. For example, some of the shocks and stresses are climate change, pollution, disease outbreaks, and natural catastrophes. Therefore, resilient cities assess, plan, and act to prepare for and respond to future shocks and stresses that are better positioned to protect and enhance the livelihood of people and infrastructure of the city. For this chapter, we review the background and contemporary literatures based on urbanism, anthropology and public administration of health crisis. High quality of life can be assured by physical safety derived from proper resilience and relative sustainability based on grassroots and communities. Next, we provide several cases around the globe including the case of Fukushima disaster and European migration. The aim of this chapter is to examine and evaluate resilience condition through migration, social and economic consequences, and the social and economic drivers of migration.
Settling of inertial nonspherical particles in wavy flow

Motivated by the problem of microplastics in the ocean, we experimentally investigate settling of plastic rods, disks, and spheres in wavy flows. We find that particle average vertical velocity can both increase and decrease in waves, relative to particle settling velocity in quiescent flow. This variation is a function of flow inertia at the particle length scale, characterized by particle Reynolds number Re${}_{p}$, and also of particle shape. We find that even though the relative vertical velocities between particles and flow remain constant with Re${}_{p}$, the particles nonuniformly sample the flow as a function of particle shape and Re${}_{p}$.
Performance on the ROCF at 8 Years Predicts Academic Achievement at 16 Years in Individuals with Dextro-Transposition of the Great Arteries.

Objective This study examined longitudinal associations between performance on the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure-Developmental Scoring System (ROCF-DSS) at 8 years of age and academic outcomes at 16 years of age in 133 children with dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA). Method The ROCF-DSS was administered at the age of 8 and the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test, First and Second Edition (WIAT/WIAT-II) at the ages of 8 and 16, respectively. ROCF-DSS protocols were classified by Organization (Organized/Disorganized) and Style (Part-oriented/Holistic). Two-way univariate (ROCF-DSS Organization × Style) ANCOVAs were computed with 16-year academic outcomes as the dependent variables and socioeconomic status (SES) as the covariate. Results The Organization × Style interaction was not statistically significant. However, ROCF-DSS Organization at 8 years was significantly associated with Reading, Math, Associative, and Assembled academic skills at 16 years, with better organization predicting better academic performance. Conclusions Performance on the ROCF-DSS, a complex visual-spatial problem-solving task, in children with d-TGA can forecast academic performance in both reading and mathematics nearly a decade later. These findings may have implications for identifying risk in children with other medical and neurodevelopmental disorders affecting brain development.
A Decade of Cancer Discovery .

Summary: As Cancer Discovery turns 10, we reflect on the journal9s success and look ahead to the future.
A data-driven, physics-informed framework for forecasting the spatiotemporal evolution of chaotic dynamics with nonlinearities modeled as exogenous forcings

Abstract We introduce a data-driven, linear method for the spatiotemporal prediction of high-dimensional and chaotic dynamical systems. In this method, the observables are vector-valued and delay-embedded, and the nonlinearities are treated as external forcings. The proper representation of the nonlinear terms is found in a physics-informed way or a purely data-driven fashion, depending on whether any knowledge of governing dynamics is available or not. The unknown matrices appearing in the method are found using the dynamic mode decomposition with control technique. The distinctive features of the method enable it to accurately capture the system's dynamically important unstable modes while suppressing their unbounded growth via the included nonlinearities. The predictive capabilities of the method are demonstrated for well-known prototypes of chaotic dynamics such as the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation and Lorenz-96 system, for which the method predictions are accurate for several Lyapunov timescales. Similar performance is shown for two-dimensional lid-driven cavity flows at high Reynolds numbers.
Serial Forms: The Unfinished Project of Modernity, 1815-1848

Serial Forms: The Unfinished Project of Modernity, 1815-1848 is the first of a three-volume series from Clare Pettitt examining seriality as “the defining form” of modern life (Pettitt 2020, 2). It...
Baseline neutrophil-to-eosinophil ratio (NER) and its association with clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI).

e16569Background: Inflammatory markers have been studied as prognostic markers in patients with mRCC treated with CPIs. Recently, eosinophilia has been found to be associated with improved survival...
Understanding the Clinical Implications of Low Penetrant Genes and Breast Cancer Risk.

Since the 2013 Supreme Court declaration, panel testing for hereditary cancer syndromes has evolved into the gold standard for oncology germline genetic testing. With the advent of next-generation sequencing, competitive pricing, and developing therapeutic options, panel testing is now well integrated into breast cancer management and surveillance. Although many established syndromes have well-defined cancer risks and management strategies, several breast cancer genes are currently classified as limited-evidence genes by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Follow-up for individuals with mutations in these genes is a point of contention due to conflicting information in the literature. The most recent NCCN guidelines have stratified management based on gene-specific cancer risks indicating that expanding data will allow for better recommendations as research progresses. The evolving management for these genes emphasizes the clinicians’ need for evidence-based understanding of low penetrance breast cancer genes and their implications for patient care. This article reviews current literature for limited evidence genes, detailing cancer risks, association with triple-negative breast cancer, and recommendations for surveillance. A brief review of the challenges and future directions is outlined to discuss the evolving nature of cancer genetics and the exciting opportunities that can impact management.
The Magnitude of Figures

The present section will consider the question of figural emergence and its extent largely from the standpoint of vision. The application of questions of the magnitude of figures or emergents in other media will be taken up in due course in other sections.
Perceptions for Making Sense, Description Language for Meaning Articulation

The aim of this article is to introduce a novel way to illustrate human-like reasoning by using a pictorial language and fuzzy sets. We follow the newest developments on soft computing, but approach the perceptions from a different point of view. We introduce a pictorial language to define human-like multi-domain reasoning. We start to further develop an existing simple pictorial language Bliss and increase its expressive power by fuzzy sets and by presenting several sentences in a graph. These extra sentences are used to show the right use (meaning) of a concept in the reasoning. Several examples of the approach are provided.
Design of surface shape control for large two-dimensional array

This paper develops design technology for active shape control of reflective surfaces using large spatially distributed sensor/actuator arrays. The classically-motivated design methodology achieves scalability to very large array sizes by imposing spatially localized fixed-form constraints on the control law structure. Linear program is solved to find parameters of this structure. The design is applied to a surface deformed by a hexagonal actuators array.
The mammalian pineal as a neuroendocrine transducer.

Melatonin biosynthesis, discussing regulation by light and sympathetic nerves, daily pineal rhythms, estrous rhythms and ovarian hormones
Low Cost Shield for Tokamak Fusion Reactors

A low-cost shielding system was developed for the Demonstration Tokamak Power Plant. The shielding system was designed with low-cost materials to fulfill several functions and satisfy the design criteria. The reference shielding materials are water, ordinary concrete, Fel4Mn2Ni2Cr steel alloy, boron carbide, and lead. The cost of this shielding system is only 3% of the total direct cost compared to 11% in the STARFIRE design.
Identification and initial topological analysis of the Rickettsia prowazekii ATP/ADP translocase.

Abstract The Rickettsia prowazekii ATP/ADP translocase was identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and immunoblot analysis using antibodies raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding in sequence to the carboxyl-terminal 17 amino acids of the carrier. Both the translocase of R. prowazekii and that expressed by Escherichia coli transformants containing the rickettsial gene had an apparent molecular mass of 36,500 Da by SDS-PAGE analysis, a mass considerably less than that deduced from the sequence of the gene. The SDS-solubilized translocase aggregated upon heating at 100 degrees C in the presence of disulfide bond-reducing agents. Similar concentrations of disulfide bond-reducing agents inhibited the exchange transport of adenine nucleotides by both R. prowazekii and translocase-expressing E. coli. These data suggested that an intramolecular disulfide bond in the translocase was essential for transport activity. The antipeptide antibodies used for identification of the translocase bound preferentially to inside-out membrane vesicles of translocase-expressing E. coli relative to right-side-out spheroplasts, thus indicating that the carboxyl terminus of the carrier is located on the cytoplasmic side of the bacterial inner membrane. Protease studies were unable to localize the carboxyl terminus because of the resistance of this region of the native translocase to proteolytic cleavage. These data in conjunction with hydrophobicity analysis were used to construct an initial topological model of the translocase within the cell membrane.
Functional MR activation correlated with intraoperative cortical mapping.

PURPOSE To evaluate the spatial specificity of functional MR imaging by comparing it with intraoperative electrocortical mapping. METHODS Functional MR imaging was performed in 28 patients before awake craniotomy and intraoperative electrocortical mapping. Activation was mapped for finger movement, lip movement, tongue movement, word generation, and counting paradigms. During surgery, finger movement, lip movement, tongue movement, counting, and/or speaking were mapped. The functional images and the photographic recordings of the brain functions mapped during surgery were converted to bit maps and coregistered by a computer program. The distance between the intraoperatively mapped function site and the MR activation site for a comparable function was measured. RESULTS Forty-six functions were recorded on MR images and intraoperative maps. In 100% of correlations, the intraoperative site and the MR activation site were within 20 mm; in 87% of correlations they were within 10 mm. For each paradigm, 67% or more of the intraoperative stimulation maps correlated within 10 mm of the MR activation site. CONCLUSIONS For the tasks used in this study, the activation site on functional MR images correlated well with the site at which intraoperative stimulation identified function.
Depressive symptoms and SSRI use in pediatric oncology patients

This review of depressive symptoms in pediatric cancer patients describes the challenge of recognizing depression in this group, prevalence, risk factors, and treatment, primarily with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Pediatric oncologists prescribe SSRIs, but there is limited data regarding their use in this setting. Adverse effects, pharmacokinetics and metabolism of SSRIs are reviewed to provide a reference for physicians and inform choices for SSRI prescription. Ongoing research includes incorporation of routine screening measures for depression and future studies might focus on physician recognition and prospectively evaluating treatment for children with cancer and depressive symptoms. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:881–887. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Markov processes with identical last exit distributions

LetX andY be two transient locally Hunt Markov processes. IfX andY enjoy the same last exit distributions from compact sets, thenY is equivalent to a time change ofX by the inverse of a strictly increasing continuous additive functional. This result can also be interpreted (with natural auxiliary hypotheses) as a statement in potential theory involving equilibrium measures.
Genetic Testing in the Contemporary Diagnosis of Cardiomyopathy

The heritable cardiomyopathies are relatively common conditions that can lead to heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Family history collection, genetic testing and genetic counseling are recommended for these patients and families in multiple practice guidelines and consensus statements. Research discoveries and rapidly dropping costs of DNA sequencing technologies have resulted in the availability of multiple cardiomyopathy genetic testing panels. Genetic testing not only helps in determining the underlying etiology of idiopathic and familial cardiomyopathies, but is also a powerful tool in the determination of which relatives are at-risk and which are not. Both pre- and post-test genetic counseling is an imperative component of genetic testing, as there are many benefits and limitations of genetic testing that need discussed with each patient undergoing this process.
Lordosis reflex intensity in rats in relation to the estrous cycle, ovariectomy, estrogen administration and mating behavior.

Lordosis in response to manual palpation of the flanks and perineum was markedly facilitated by simultaneously probing the vaginal cervix. While palpation without cervical probing never induced lordosis in 96 ovariectomized, hormone-untreated rats, addition of cervical probing induced lordosis in 48% of these individuals. Cervical probing alone never induced lordosis. Estrogen administration (as little as a single injection of 1.0 μg/100 g body wt) significantly increased the intensity (extent of dorsiflexion, measured photographically), and probability of occurrence, of lordosis in response to palpation with cervical probing. Lordosis in response to mounting attempts by males, or by palpation alone, occurred only rarely at estrogen dosages lower than 10.0 μg/100 g body wt. Lordosis intensity and probability of occurrence varied significantly in relation to the estrous cycle; they were higher in proestrus and the transitional periods of diestrus-proestrus and proestrus-estrus, than in estrus, metestrus or...
Preservation of tissue microstructure and functionality during freezing by modulation of cytoskeletal structure.

Abstract Cryopreservation is one of the key enabling technologies for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, which can provide reliable long-term storage of engineered tissues (ETs) without losing their functionality. However, it is still extremely difficult to design and develop cryopreservation protocols guaranteeing the post-thaw tissue functionality. One of the major challenges in cryopreservation is associated with the difficulty of identifying effective and less toxic cryoprotective agents (CPAs) to guarantee the post-thaw tissue functionality. In this study, thus, a hypothesis was tested that the modulation of the cytoskeletal structure of cells embedded in the extracellular matrix (ECM) can mitigate the freezing-induced changes of the functionality and can reduce the amount of CPA necessary to preserve the functionality of ETs during cryopreservation. In order to test this hypothesis, we prepared dermal equivalents by seeding fibroblasts in type I collagen matrices resulting in three different cytoskeletal structures. These ETs were exposed to various freeze/thaw (F/T) conditions with and without CPAs. The freezing-induced cell–fluid–matrix interactions and subsequent functional properties of the ETs were assessed. The results showed that the cytoskeletal structure and the use of CPA were strongly correlated to the preservation of the post-thaw functional properties. As the cytoskeletal structure became stronger via stress fiber formation, the ET's functionality was preserved better. It also reduced the necessary CPA concentration to preserve the post-thaw functionality. However, if the extent of the freezing-induced cell–fluid–matrix interaction was too excessive, the cytoskeletal structure was completely destroyed and the beneficial effects became minimal.
Mueller matrix calculations for dielectric cubes: comparison with experiments

A new resolvent kernel method is presented for solving the problem of electromagnetic scattering from irregular homogeneous particles. This method has an advantage over other methods in that an integrodifferential equation with a simple initial condition is solved to give a resolvent kernel matrix for a complete range of refractive indices for a fixed particle size. This matrix can then be used to calculate both near and far fields for any incident wave. Results are presented for a homogeneous cube in random orientation and compared with microwave analog measurements.
SCIENTISM AND TECHNOLOGY AS RELIGIONS

. Jacques Ellul, by far the most significant author in the serious discussions on the interface between religion and technology, is apparently not known to the science-and-religion field. The reason is the imprecise use of the terminology. In scientific formulation the relationship can be summarized as technology /religion:: science/theology. The first pair are robust three-dimensional templates of most human experience; the second pair are linear, abstract concerns of a minority of citizens. In the parallel community—now well developed throughout academia—of science, technology, and society, where the technology/religion matters have been discussed more than the science/religion pair, John Caiazza's point that “techno-secularism is the real problem” has been front and center for some decades. Among the theologians most aware of this, Raimundo Panikkar, Langdon Gilkey, and Huston Smith, Smith is the one who has taken the case much further than Caiazza, recognizing the danger of the real theological challenge from the religion of scientism and actively working against it. I write from a unique background among those involved in this debate—that of being deeply embedded simultaneously both in the modern science and technology establishment and in the reform of the religious enterprise for fifty years. I make the case that matters are worse than even Smith posits. He shows that scientism as a fundamentalist modern secularism serves the exact function of the theology behind the practiced religion of America and the West, that is, technology. An unexpected ray of hope has appeared in the sudden emergence of whole-person healing (also known as complementary and alternative medicine), which is used regularly by well over half the population. This reintroduction of the spiritual dimension into this key technology of health will certainly be a major turning point.
Measurement of nanomechanical resonant structures in single-crystal silicon

We have used electron beam lithography to make very small (<30 nm linewidth) mechanical structures in single-crystal silicon. These structures can be driven capacitively by applying a voltage between the suspended portion and the underlying substrate. Optical interference techniques are used to detect and measure the motion of the structures with resonant frequencies above 40 MHz. We employed a design consisting of a square mesh with a 315 nm period, which results in a low mass (∼1×10−13 g) and large relative surface area (10−6 cm2). Also, by making suboptical-wavelength features, the optical properties can be altered, leading to an improved measurement sensitivity. We measured the oscillations at small amplitudes where the detected change in the optical reflection is proportional to the drive amplitude.
Weights induced by homogeneous polynomials

1. Introduction. Let n be a positive integer. Write B = Bn for the unit ball in Cn and let S = Sn = dBn. When n = 1, we use the notation U and T in place of B\ and S\, respectively. We shall let σ = σn denote the unique normalized rotation-invariant Borel measure on S and m the normalized area measure on C. The symbol Pn stands for the class of holomorphic homogeneous polynomials Λ on Cn normalized so that A(B) = U. The maximum modulus set Λ"1 (T) n S of Λ e P n is denoted by MaxΛ. It is assumed n > 2 in the rest of the paper unless otherwise specified. To begin with, let us look at some special cases which motivated the main results of this paper. We have the following "change-ofvariables" formula for Λ e Pn of degree 1 [Ru, Section 1.4]:
The relationship between seed-filling period and seed yield in selected soybean germplasm accessions

Abstract The objective of this research was to determine if selection among unadapted germplasm accessions for duration of seed fill would identify differences in seed yield. Fourteen accessions in each of maturity groups II and III were tested with seven selected for short and seven for long duration of seed fill. The experiment was conducted over two years with three replications per year. Time of flowering and maturity, an estimate of seed-filling period (SFP), and seed yield were noted for each plot. Seed yield was significantly different between SFP categories for both maturity groups with the long SFP category having higher seed yields. Early flowering was associated with long SFP's but also with long delays between flowering and the beginning of seed fill.
Religion in the workplace: Implications for financial fraud and organizational decision making

Many researchers have highlighted the potential positive benefits of increased religion in the workplace; however, few have addressed some of the potential negative consequences of the rise in religion in the workplace. This paper addresses this deficiency in the literature by exploring some of the potential organizational changes that can occur with the adoption of religion in the workplace. Specifically we explore how the adoption of religion in the workplace could lead to organizational changes that could increase the risk of financial fraud and could reduce the effectiveness of organizational decision making and teamwork. We also suggest avenues for future research into the relationship between religion in the work place, financial fraud, organizational decision making, and teamwork within organizations.
Coronary revascularization in the elderly: Determinants of operative mortality

Abstract Over a 13-year period, 668 patients 70 years of age or older underwent isolated primary coronary artery bypass grafting at our institution. There were 472 men and 196 women, ranging from 70 to 90 years of age (median age, 74 years). Hospital mortality was 5.2% ( 35 / 668 ). In patients 70 to 79 years of age. hospital mortality was 4.2% ( 25 / 600 ), whereas in patients 80 years of age or alder, mortality was 14.7% ( 10 / 68 ; p P = 0.006). Those who died were a mean of 3 years older (77 versus 74 years old; p p p p
Parasitology: Molecular one-upmanship

Pathogens and their hosts engage in perpetual molecular arms races. In one such evolutionary stand-off, the protagonists are trypanosome parasites and a human immune complex based on a high-density lipoprotein. See Letter p.430 Humans are normally protected against trypanosomal pathogens by the serum antiparasitic molecule apolipoprotein LI (APOL1). But two Trypanosoma brucei subspecies — rhodesiense and gambiense — can resist APOL1 and it is these that cause almost all human sleeping sickness cases. This paper describes the mechanism by which T. b. gambiense resists APOL1. Three complementary processes are involved: reduced APOL1 uptake, increased APOL1 degradation and APOL1 target membrane modification by a specific resistance factor. This resistance can be bypassed under some conditions, opening up new possibilities for intervention against the parasite.
Effect of Denier-per-Filament of Polyester on Yarn Strength in Open-End Rotor Spinning:

There is considerable interest in replacing fine ring spun yarns with fine rotor spun yarns for uniforms and career apparel because the cost of yarn manufacture is much lower with rotor spinning than with conventional ring spinning. However, rotor spun yarns are inherently weaker than ring spun yarns. The effect of the denier-per-filament (DPF) of polyester on the yarn strength of rotor spun yarns is investigated and com pared to the ring spun counterparts. The strengths of both rotor and ring spun yams increased linearly with a decrease in the DPF of the polyester, and the magnitude of the change was the same for both spinning systems. The strengths and elongations of the ring spun yarns were 44% and 37% higher than those of the rotor spun yarns when the same polyester was used. The strength of the rotor spun yarn increased 23% over the DPF range that is commercially available.
Comment on SU(16) grand unification

In a recent paper on SU(16) grand unification, because of the presence of intermediate-energy gauge groups containing products of U(1) factors which are not orthogonal among themselves, the renormalization-group treatment has a few small errors. I correct it. I emphasize that one should not switch gauge couplings at the various thresholds. It is easier, and it avoids errors, to use throughout the gauge couplings of the standard model, and compute at each threshold, in the usual way, the extra contributions to the beta functions from the extra non-decoupled fields. I also point out that the SU(16) grand unification theory, due to the large number of scalars present in it, is not asymptotically free. It becomes a strong-coupling theory at energies only slightly larger than the unification scale.
Site-specific structural variations accompanying tubular assembly of the HIV-1 capsid protein.

The 231-residue capsid (CA) protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) spontaneously self-assembles into tubes with a hexagonal lattice that is believed to mimic the surface lattice of conical capsid cores within intact virions. We report the results of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements on HIV-1 CA tubes that provide new information regarding changes in molecular structure that accompany CA self-assembly, local dynamics within CA tubes, and possible mechanisms for the generation of lattice curvature. This information is contained in site-specific assignments of signals in two- and three-dimensional solid-state NMR spectra, conformation-dependent 15N and 13C NMR chemical shifts, detection of highly dynamic residues under solution NMR conditions, measurements of local variations in transverse spin relaxation rates of amide 1H nuclei, and quantitative measurements of site-specific 15N–15N dipole–dipole couplings. Our data show that most of the CA sequence is conformationally ordered and relatively rigid in tubular assemblies and that structures of the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the C-terminal domain (CTD) observed in solution are largely retained. However, specific segments, including the N-terminal β-hairpin, the cyclophilin A binding loop, the inter-domain linker, segments involved in intermolecular NTD–CTD interactions, and the C-terminal tail, have substantial static or dynamical disorder in tubular assemblies. Other segments, including the 310-helical segment in CTD, undergo clear conformational changes. Structural variations associated with curvature of the CA lattice appear to be localized in the inter-domain linker and intermolecular NTD–CTD interface, while structural variations within NTD hexamers, around local 3-fold symmetry axes, and in CTD–CTD dimerization interfaces are less significant.