cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comments on “Study of intermolecular interactions in the binary mixtures containing cyclic ethers and benzyl amine at different temperatures”

Abstract A polemic is given regarding the published mathematical representations that Rajalakshmi and coworkers [Chem. Data Collect. 30 (2020) 100,561/1–100,561/14] reported in their paper to describe the measured densities and speeds of sounds, as well as the calculated excess molar volumes and excess isentropic compressibilities, of binary mixtures of benzylamine with either tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane and 1,4-dioxane. The published mathematical representations were found to not back-calculate the measured experimental data and thermodynamic excess properties based upon the fore-mentioned experimental values.
Mindful Parenting and Parents’ Emotion Expression: Effects on Adolescent Risk Behaviors

Mindful parenting is associated with greater adjustment and fewer behavior problems in children and adolescents. However, the mechanisms by which mindful parenting functions to mitigate risk in adolescence is not well understood. This study investigated parent emotional expression as a potential mechanism in the relationship between low mindful parenting and adolescent risk behaviors. A sample of 157 12-14 year old adolescents (49% female) and their primary caregivers (99% female) participated in an emotionally-arousing conflict interaction. Parents reported on their mindful parenting practices, and parents' emotion expressions during the conflict interaction were coded including negative emotion, positive emotion, and shared parent-youth positive emotion. Adolescent substance use and sex behaviors were assessed through self-report, interview, and physical toxicology screens. Results indicated that mindful parenting was associated with less parental negative emotion and greater shared positive emotion during the parent-adolescent conflict. Further, results revealed a significant indirect effect of mindful parenting on youth's substance use through shared parent-adolescent positive emotion. Findings highlight the relevance of emotional functioning in the context of stressful parenting situations in mindful parenting.
Chromosomal deletions in AML.

Several, acquired, non-random chromosomal deletions have been characterized in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). While the deletion limits vary among patients, there are consistent regions of overlap among the deleted segments between patients. Furthermore, chromosomal deletions are achieved frequently by unbalanced translocations between two and more chromosomes resulting loss of candidate leukemia suppressor loci from the affected chromosomes. Most deletions occurring as sole anomalies are associated with good–intermediate clinical outcome, but complex cytogenetic anomalies signify an aggressive clinical course. Thanks to the exciting development in microarray, siRNA technologies, a number of candidate AML suppressor genes localizing to the critical regions of overlap within the deletions have been identified recently. Most of the candidate genes do not function by the classical “two hits,” namely loss of an allele unmasking inactivating mutations in the remaining allele. Gene dosage, epigenetic silencing, and uniparental disomy appear to be common mechanisms of gene inactivation in AML. While several of the newly discovered candidate genes lead to new pathways, a few of them affect previously known leukemogenic targets. Thus the investments made over the years on leukemia suppressor gene discovery are beginning to yield reasonable results at the present time. Future beholds promise for targeted therapy of these poorly characterized AMLs, as we uncover the mutations driving their clonal evolution.
Water in polymer membranes. Part III : Water sorption and pore volume in cellulose acetate films

Abstract Changes in waveguide properties of several cellulose acetate membranes and one polyimide membrane were measured as a function of their exposure to varying levels of relative humidity. The volume fraction of water in the films and the occupied pore volumes were determined from refractive index and thickness changes. The dependence of the refractive index on water absorption is related to a competition between two processes: one of filling pores with no film expansion and one of “free expansion” where the film expands to completely accommodate the added water volume. The term “pore” is taken to mean a volume with molecular and not macroscopic dimensions. The hydration properties of these dense cellulose acetate membranes were affected by degree of acetylation, casting temperatures and annealing treatments. Annealing CA398 membranes at 180°C decreased film water concentration by reducing the amount of free expansion. Annealed CA398 membranes that were tested in a reverse osmosis cell were found to have high salt rejection compared to unannealed films. The hydration characteristics of a polyimide membrane are compared to cellulose acetate membranes.
Chapter 41 Estimation of semiparametric models

Abstract A semiparametric model for observational data combines a parametric form for some component of the data generating process (usually the behavioral relation between the dependent and explanatory variables) with weak nonparametric restrictions on the remainder of the model (usually the distribution of the unobservable errors). This chapter surveys some of the recent literature on semiparametric methods, emphasizing microeconometric applications using limited dependent variable models. An introductory section defines semiparametric models more precisely and reviews the techniques used to derive the large-sample properties of the corresponding estimation methods. The next section describes a number of weak restrictions on error distributions — conditional mean, conditional quantile, conditional symmetry, independence, and index restrictions — and show how they can be used to derive identifying restrictions on the distributions of observables. This general discussion is followed by a survey of a number of specific estimators proposed for particular econometric models, and the chapter concludes with a brief account of applications of these methods in practice.
Medium for the selective isolation of members of the genus Pseudomonas from natural habitats.

A new medium was developed that was superior to four others tested in selecting for members of the genus Pseudomonas.
Bacterial Efflux Transport in Biotechnology

Publisher Summary The increasing need for interest in environmentally friendly technologies using renewable feedstocks has lead to continuing developments in bioprocesses. Valuable chemicals can be produced by metabolic engineering of biosynthetic pathways or through one or more biotransformations. This synthetic biology requires numerous factors to be optimized for efficient biological production of chemicals. Among these the important considerations are uptake of the substrate molecule into the biocatalyst cell and efflux of the end product. In many cases, the genes and proteins responsible for uptake membrane transport are well known and thus can be readily optimized. Optimized efflux transport is an important issue for complex multistep conversions using engineered biosynthetic pathways and also for more simple one or two step bioconversions using whole cell catalysts. When microbial metabolic pathways are manipulated to produce molecules of interest, the transport of the final product out of the cell must be considered along with the rest of the pathway. Optimizing the expression of efflux transport in biocatalyst cells can lead to increased product yield, improved product tolerance of production organisms, and maximized product recovery from the extracellular medium.
Towards Programming in Default Logic

In this paper we describe a fragment of default logic suitable for encoding problems from other domains. We investigate a subclass of first order open default theories, which we call extensional default theories. This class of default theories allows easy and compact encodings of problems for experimenting with default reasoning systems. Because most existing systems for default reasoning assume that all input defaults are closed or propositional we show how to transform an extensional default theory to a closed first order default theory or a propositional default theory with same extensions.
Examining Naltrexone and Alcohol Effects in a Minority Population: Results from an Initial Human Laboratory Study

Prior clinical findings have indicated a potential lack of naltrexone efficacy among African Americans with alcohol dependence. However, no definitive conclusions have been drawn due to the relatively small numbers of African Americans in most alcohol treatment trials. The purpose of this study was to examine alcohol and naltrexone effects on healthy African American individuals in a laboratory environment. Non-alcohol dependent social drinking adults of African descent (n = 43) were recruited for participation. After consenting and completing the baseline assessment, they participated in four separate alcohol challenge sessions each separated by at least 10 days. During each of the sessions, subjects were administered alcohol or sham drinks, after pretreatment with either naltrexone (50mg/day) or placebo in a double-blind fashion. The order of the four sessions was randomly assigned. During each session, breath alcohol levels and subjective responses were measured. Results indicate an alcohol effect among these subjects for subjective responses, but no naltrexone effect. Similar to the apparent lack of clinical efficacy findings, naltrexone does not appear to impact alcohol effects in African American social drinkers. Future studies should investigate African American populations with heavy drinking as well as alcohol-dependent subjects in order to strengthen the parallels to clinical findings.
Preparation and Chemical Composition of the Cell Membranes of Developmental Reticulate Forms of Meningopneumonitis Organisms

Abstract The outer limiting membranes of developmental reticulate forms of the meningopneumonitis organism were purified by a combination of differential centrifugation, trypsin digestion, and sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment, and their physical and chemical properties were compared with those of outer envelopes of mature dense forms of this organism. Reticulate bodies were easily disrupted by short periods of sonic treatment and were lysed by trysin digestion, in contrast to the dense bodies which were resistant to these treatments. In electron micrographs, reticulate body membranes were seen as very thin, flattened structures, whereas dense-body envelopes showed folding rigid membranes. The results of chemical fractionation of 32P-labeled purified preparations indicated that reticulate body membranes have smaller amounts of phospholipid, and are more dense than cell walls of the mature forms. The analysis of amino acid composition of reticulate body cell membranes showed that they do not contain cystine or methionine, both of which were found in cell walls of dense bodies. These results clearly show that there are significant differences in the chemical and physical properties of the outer envelopes of the developmental and mature forms of this organism.
Direct evidence of intercellular sharing of glutathione via metabolic cooperation

Intracellular glutathione (GSH) content and cell density are known to be two important determinants of cell sensitivity to free radicals and radiation. We have investigated intercellular sharing of GSH via metabolic cooperation (MC) by measuring the GSH content of Chinese hamster V79 cells under conditions that varied MC among cells. GSH was measured by flow cytometry with monochlorobimane, which becomes fluorescent after conjugation to GSH by GSH-S-transferase. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to confirm the accuracy of GSH measurements by flow cytometry. Several lines of evidence indicate sharing of GSH or its precursor gamma-glutamylcysteine via MC. These include a cell density-dependent heterogeneity in GSH content, reconstitution of GSH in GSH-depleted cells by coculture with nondepleted cells (except when the depleted cells were MC deficient), and decreased equilibration of GSH among GSH-depleted cells and nondepleted cells when an inhibitor of MC (phorbol myristate acetate) was present. The equilibration of GSH among GSH-depleted cells and nondepleted cells in coculture was not inhibitable by acivicin, suggesting that this form of intercellular sharing of GSH does not rely on gamma-glutamyltransferase-mediated extracellular transport of GSH.
5.1: Invited Paper: LCD or OLED: Who Wins?

Historical trends point towards a future of increasing technical performance and decreasing financial performance for LCD producers. This raises questions about the motivations and abilities of producers to create an OLED infrastructure. This paper evaluates the implications through microeconomics and game theorems.
The pattern of distribution of intraocular pressure in the albino rabbit

The distribution pattern of intraocular pressure (IOP) was studied in a population of normal albino rabbits to find out whether IOP is Gaussian or distributed log-normally. The average IOP was 17.5 ± 3.1 mmHg (mean ± SD,n = 175) with a coefficient of variation of 17.7%. Using optimized graphical analysis, it was found that the IOP in the rabbit is distributed log-normally. This is in good agreement with the conclusions obtained in a recent study of normal human subjects, using the same analytical procedures. The diurnal variations in IOP cannot be a major contributing factor to the log-normal pattern of distribution of IOP in the albino rabbit, since a log-normal pattern of distribution was observed after the exclusion of the evening (high IOP) data.
Enzyme inhibition titration assay for 2′-deoxycoformycin and its application to the study of the relationship between drug concentration and tissue adenosine deaminase in dogs and rats

Abstract An assay has been developed for 2′-deoxycoformycin (2′-dCF), utilizing the inhibition by the drug of the enzyme adenosine deaminase. This assay is suitable for the detection of 2′-dCF in tissue extracts and biological fluids with a maximal sensitivity of 2 nM. The assay has been used to study the disposition of the drug in foxhounds and to examine the relationship between tissue drug levels and residual tissue adenosine deaminase activity. 2′-dCF was administered intravenously to foxhounds at doses of 0.1, 0.25 and 1.0 mg/kg. The drug disappeared from plasma with α- and β-half times of 12–15 min and 90–120 min respectively. It was cleared into urine at a rate of 2.24 to 3.12 ml/min/kg. Of the administered drug, 54–83 per cent was recovered in the urine and another 10–15 per cent in the tissues at the time of death. Drug accumulation in tissues correlated with the adenosine deaminase content of the tissues. Residual adenosine deaminase activity was under 50 per cent of control activity in all tissues examined after 0.1 mg/kg of 2′-dCF and under 20 per cent of control activity in all tissues after 1.0 mg/kg of 2′-dCF. Rats given 2′-dCF showed initial inhibition of adenosine deaminase with recovery over time in tissues capable of new enzyme synthesis. The variable rates of recovery from enzyme inhibition may be determinants of tissue specific toxicity of 2′-dCF alone or 2′-dCF in combination with adenosine analogs. Dosage schedules are suggested for different clinical objectives.
Dynamic correction of artifacts due to susceptibility effects and time-varying eddy currents in diffusion tensor imaging.

In diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), spatial and temporal variations of the static magnetic field (B0) caused by susceptibility effects and time-varying eddy currents result in severe distortions, blurring, and misregistration artifacts, which in turn lead to errors in DTI metrics and in fiber tractography. Various correction methods have been proposed, but typically assume that the eddy current-induced magnetic field can be modeled as a constant or a single exponential decay within the DTI readout window. Here, we show that its temporal dependence is more complex because of the interaction of multiple eddy currents with different time constants, but that it remains very consistent over time. As such, we propose a novel dynamic B0 mapping and off-resonance correction method that measures the exact spatial, temporal, and diffusion-weighting direction dependence of the susceptibility- and eddy current-induced magnetic fields to effectively and efficiently correct for artifacts caused by both susceptibility effects and time-varying eddy currents, thereby resulting in a high spatial fidelity and accuracy.
Packing dimension of the image of fractional Brownian motion

Abstract Let X(t) (t ∈ R N ) be a fractional Brownian motion of index α in R d. For any analytic set E ⊆ R N , we show that Dim X(E)= 1 α Dim αd E a.s. , where DimE is the packing dimension of E and DimsE is the packing dimension profile of E defined by Falconer and Howroyd (1995).
In vitro characterization of PEGylated phospholipid micelles for improved drug solubilization: Effects of PEG chain length and PC incorporation

Sterically stabilized micelles (SSM) composed of poly(ethylene glycol-2000)-grafted distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE-PEG) and sterically stabilized mixed micelles (SSMM) composed of DSPE-PEG and egg-phosphatidyl choline (PC) have recently been introduced as novel lipid based carriers for water-insoluble drugs. However, factors that affect the solubilization behavior of these phospholipid micelles are not well understood. This study investigates the effect of PEG chain length and PC content on physical properties and solubilization potential of PEGylated phospholipid micelles. Critical micelle concentrations (CMC) determined for DSPE-PEG with different PEG chain lengths (2000, 3000, and 5000) using a fluorescent probe were in the micromolar range (0.5-1.5 microM) with higher CMC for longer PEG chain length. The size of micelles determined by quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS) showed that micellar systems became heterogeneous when PC was added at > or =25% for DSPE-PEG 2000 and > or = 40% for DSPE-PEG 5000, respectively. Above these critical PC ratios a significant increase in aggregation number and formation of rodlike particles were observed by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Solubilization of diazepam was greater with DSPE-PEG 2000 than DSPE-PEG 5000 simple micelles as determined by RP-HPLC. However, DSPE-PEG 5000 micelles showed greater improvement in solubilization of the water-insoluble drug with an increase in PC content. In conclusion, phospholipid micelle size and solubilization potential varied with PEG chain length and PC content in the mixed micelle. Aggregation number and shape of the micelles did not significantly change until the critical PC concentrations.
An exploration of the theories that explain the failure of information technology adoption in africa

The explanation of information technology adoption in Africa has been largely confined to the modernization paradigm, and this paradigm has included the Critical theory, Dependency theory, and Structuralism and Functionalism theories. The major contribution of the modernization paradigm has been in polling together several theories on development issues, thus giving African scholars a theoretical platform for IT adoption scenario. However, modern scholars have criticized this paradigm for its inability to institute an improvement on the political, social and economic situation in Africa, which was its main aim when it was conceived in the 1950's. (Tipps, 1973).
Multicast over wireless networks

How to ensure the participation of mobile users (no matter how disruptive the circumstances), especially for mobile commerce applications distributed over multiple networks.
Quantile estimation for discrete data via empirical likelihood

Quantile estimation for discrete distributions has not been well studied, although discrete data are common in practice. Under the assumption that data are drawn from a discrete distribution, we examine the consistency of the maximum empirical likelihood estimator (MELE) of the pth population quantile θ p , with the assistance of a jittering method and results for continuous distributions. The MELE may or may not be consistent for θ p , depending on whether or not the underlying distribution has a plateau at the level of p. We propose an empirical likelihood-based categorisation procedure which not only helps in determining the shape of the true distribution at level p but also provides a way of formulating a new estimator that is consistent in any case. Analogous to confidence intervals in the continuous case, the probability of a correct estimate (PCE) accompanies the point estimator. Simulation results show that PCE can be estimated using a simple bootstrap method.
Computation of Galois groups associated to the 2-class towers of some imaginary quadratic fields with 2-class group C2×C2×C2

Abstract We describe a method for the explicit computation of a list of possibilities for the Galois group G of an unramified 2-class tower that combines the p -group generation algorithm with algorithms from explicit class field theory. We successfully applied this method to 19 of the 36 imaginary quadratic fields of absolute discriminant less than 20,000 that have 2-class group ( 2 , 2 , 2 ) , three negative prime discriminant factors in their discriminant, and whose 2-class towers have derived length at least 3. This is the only class of imaginary quadratic fields with 2-class group ( 2 , 2 , 2 ) and three negative prime discriminant factors not entirely classified by recent work of Benjamin, Lemmermeyer and Snyder. Additionally, among the 19 are all such fields whose 2-class towers, if infinite, would provide improved upper bounds for the root discriminant problem. In each case we show that these 2-class towers are finite, and in fact write down for each a short list of candidate groups for the associated Galois groups. Some of these results are unconditional, while some require the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis.
Mesocestoides corti: Inorganic components in calcareous corpuscles

Abstract Inorganic components in calcareous corpuscles from the cestode, Mesocestoides corti, have been identified by the use of powder X-ray diffraction and emission spectroscopic methods. Identified inorganic compounds of carcareous corpuscles isolated from residual worm tissue by (1) potassium hydroxide, (2) ethylenediamine, or (3) trypsin digestion methods and heated to 300°C, were: (1), Mg(OH)2; (2), CaMg(CO3)2; and (3), CaSO4,2CaSO4 · H2O, MgO, CaMg(CO3)2, and CaMg 2 3 Fe 1 3 (CO 3 ) 2 . Elemental analysis of the calcareous corpuscles showed the presence of Al, B, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, Si, and Na. The use of the enzymatic digestion method, rather than the KOH or ethylenediamine method, to isolate the calcareous corpuscles allows for more complete X-ray diffraction analysis of the corpuscles at lower temperatures. It was found that when mice infected with M. corti tetrathyridia were given SrCl2 in their drinking water, that Sr was incorporated into the calcareous corpuscles of the worms.
The Diversity of Wound Presentation Associated With Freon Contact Frostbite Injury

The authors report two cases of patients presenting with chemical frostbite-like injuries to the hands and wrists after contact exposure to Freon liquid. Although the history and initial physical presentations were quite similar, the severity of these injuries varied widely from superficial bullae to deep tissue injuries, requiring skin grafting and amputation of several digits. Freon is a widely used coolant in refrigerators, air conditioners, freezers, and water coolers, with a boiling point of -41°C. Although several cases of Freon-induced inhalational injury have been reported, few case reports of Freon-associated contact skin injury exist in the literature. The authors detail the broad diversity of injuries resulting from Freon contact as well as the first report of severe Freon injury necessitating skin grafting and amputation of multiple digits.
Temperature dependence of Brillouin light scattering spectra of acoustic phonons in silicon

Electrons, optical phonons, and acoustic phonons are often driven out of local equilibrium in electronic devices or during laser-material interaction processes. The need for a better understanding of such non-equilibrium transport processes has motivated the development of Raman spectroscopy as a local temperature sensor of optical phonons and intermediate frequency acoustic phonons, whereas Brillouin light scattering (BLS) has recently been explored as a temperature sensor of low-frequency acoustic phonons. Here, we report the measured BLS spectra of silicon at different temperatures. The origins of the observed temperature dependence of the BLS peak position, linewidth, and intensity are examined in order to evaluate their potential use as temperature sensors for acoustic phonons.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymeric Nanospheres by Diblock Copolymer Self-Assembly

Novel molecularly imprinted polymeric nanospheres (MIPNs) were prepared combining both molecular imprinting and block copolymer self-assembly techniques. A diblock copolymer, poly[(tert-butyl metha...
Microcoulometric measurement of water in minerals

Abstract A DuPont Moisture Analyzer is used in a microcoulometric method for determining water in minerals. Certain modifications, which include the heating of the sample outside the instrument, protect the system from acid gases and insure the conversion of all hydrogen to water vapor. Moisture analyzer data are compared to concurrent data obtained by a modified Penfield method. In general, there is a positive bias of from 0.1 to 0.2% in the moisture analyzer results and a similarity of bias in minerals of the same kind. Inhomogeneity, sample size, and moisture pick-up are invoked to explain deviations. The method is particularly applicable to small samples.
Initial transfusion frequency and survival in myelodysplastic syndromes: hopping onto a fast train to nowhere

“I hear the train a comin’. It's rolling round the bend. And I ain't seen the sunshine since I don't know when” [1].Johnny Cash, Folsom Prison BluesAnemia has long been one of the defining characte...
Neuromodulation by GABA Converts a Relay Into a Coincidence Detector

Modulation of synaptic strength by γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABARs) is a common feature in sensory pathways that contain relay cell types. However, the functional impact of these receptors on...
Molecular Mechanisms of Cutaneous Aging: Connective Tissue Alterations in the Dermis

Cutaneous aging is a complex biological phenomenon consisting of two distinct components, (a) the intrinsic, genetically determined degenerative aging processes and (b) extrinsic aging due to exposure to the environment, also known as “photoaging”. These two processes are superimposed in the sun-exposed areas of skin, with profound effects on the biology of cellular and structural elements of the skin. This overview summarizes our current understanding of the mechanisms of innate versus extrinsic aging with emphasis on connective tissue alterations, primarily collagen and the elastic fiber network. We also introduce a novel transgenic mouse model, expressing a human elastin promoter-reporter gene construct, suitable for studies on biology and preventive pharmacology of the cutaneous aging. Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings 3:41–44, 1998
Evaluating performance statistics used to monitor performance: A fuzzy approach

Abstract The author examines the use of fuzzy subsets in evaluating the set of performance statistics used to monitor the institution's resource conversion process. A fuzzy metric is used to develop a parsimonious set of peformance statistics. A case is discussed.
Home parenteral nutrition: an alternative approach to the management of complicated gastrointestinal fistulas not responding to conventional medical or surgical therapy.

>Twelve patients, 9 with enterocutaneous fistulas and 3 with enterovaginal fistulas, were placed on a home parenteral nutrition (HPN) program after conventional inpatient total parenteral nutrition with bowel rest and/or surgical attempts at fistula closure failed. Fistula closure was achieved (in 66%) after from 28 to 400 days on the program. Six closed spontaneously while 2 were closed surgically. Underlying inflammation in the bowel and the persistence of fistula drainage beyond 180 days were indicative of a poor prognosis for closure. Number, location, and volume of drainage were not useful prognostic indices. HPN offers an alternative approach in the management of “intractable” gastrointestinal fistulas.
Simulated car crashes at intersections in drivers with Alzheimer disease

Current evidence suggests that car crashes in cognitively impaired older drivers often occur because of failure to notice other drivers at intersections. We tested whether licensed drivers with mild to moderate cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer disease (AD) are at greater risk for intersection crashes. In this experiment, 30 participants drove on a virtual highway in a simulator scenario where the approach to within 3.6 seconds of an intersection triggered an illegal incursion by another vehicle. To avoid collision with the incurring vehicle, the driver had to perceive, attend to, and interpret the roadway situation; formulate an evasive plan; and then exert appropriate action on the accelerator, brake, or steering controls, all under pressure of time. The results showed that 6 of 18 drivers with AD (33%) experienced crashes versus none of 12 nondemented drivers of similar age. Use of a visual tool that plots control over steering wheel position, brake and accelerator pedals, vehicle speed, and vehicle position during the 5 seconds preceding a crash event showed inattention and control responses that were either inappropriate or too slow. The findings were combined with those in another recent study of collision avoidance in drivers with AD that focused on potential rear end collisions. Predictors of crashes in the combined studies included visuospatial impairment, disordered attention, reduced processing of visual motion cues, and overall cognitive decline. The results help to specify the linkage between decline in certain cognitive domains and increased crash risk in AD and also support the use of high-fidelity simulation and neuropsychologic assessment in an effort to standardize the assessment of fitness to drive in persons with medical impairments.
Experimental evaluation of distributed ZF beamforming in an indoor multi-cell environment

Multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) transmission offers higher channel capacity than SISO transmission in practical system. However, MU-MIMO channel capacity in multi-cell environment is limited by inter-cell interference (ICI). Distributed zero forcing beamforming (DZFBF) is one of candidates to improve MU-MIMO channel capacity by mitigating ICI. To evaluate the performance and feasibility of DZFBF, we have developed a real-time testbed implemented on a FPGA. For this, we also implement a simple weight generation process that uses feedback channel state information from STAs; it is a extension of the weight generation from MU-MIMO systems. Moreover, we demonstrate the real-time transmission performance of our testbed in an actual indoor multi-cell environment. The experimental results indicate that the effectiveness of DZFBF is twice as high as that of MU-MIMO transmission with TDMA.
The Ferroelectric Field Effect within an Integrated Core/Shell Nanowire

The synthesis of cylindrical silicon-core and ferroelectric oxide perovskiteshell nanowires and their response characteristics as individual threeterminal nanoscale electronic devices is reported. The co-axial nanowire geometry facilitates large ferroelectric fi eld-effect modulation ( > 10 4 ) of nanowire conductivity following sequential application and removal of an applied dc fiSource-drain current‐voltage traces collected during sweeps of ferroelectric gate potential and switching of the component of shell outward and inward polarization provide direct evidence of ferroelectric coupling on nanowire channel conductance. Despite a very small (1:20) ferroelectric-tosemiconductor channel thickness ratio, an unexpectedly strong electrostatic coupling of ferroelectric polarization to channel conductance is observed because of the co-axial gate geometry and curvature-induced strain enhancement of ferroelectric polarization.
Exotic Capillary Tubes

In contrast to the standard capillary tube, an exotic capillary tube is a rotationally symmetric tube of variable cross-section which if positioned correctly in a vessel of fluid possesses a continuum of equilibrium configurations. The controlling variables are the capillary constant k = ρg/σ and the contact angle γ. Lowering the tube slightly from its natural position causes the tube to completely fill up while raising the tube slightly forces the tube to drain out. Other surprising consequences follow.
Products of Ozonolysis of Aromatic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Containing Nitrite Ion

Abstract Aqueous solutions of 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, methoxybenzene, 1-naphthol, and naphthalene at a concentration of 0.5-1 × 10−4 M reacted with two equivalents of ozone at pH 7.25-10.65 to form various oxidation products. When the reactions were conducted in the presence of nitrite ion (0.5-1.0 × 10−4 M), a nitration reaction occurred with three of the five aromatic compounds (4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, and 1-naphthol). Aromatic compounds that undergo nitration under the conditions of the experiments have a higher reaction rate than that for the reaction of ozone and nitrite ion.
Strengthen Your Business Communication Program with an Alumni Advisory Board

Faculty, departments, and colleges are being pressured by state legislatures, boards of trustees, and re-accreditation organizations to assess themselves and their prod uct aggressively. Assessment...
Differential rearing affects corpus callosum size and cognitive function of rhesus monkeys.

This study investigated the effects of different rearing conditions on neural and cognitive development of male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Infants raised individually in a nursery from 2 to 12 months of age (NURSERY, n=9) were compared to age-matched infants raised in a semi-naturalistic, social environment (CONTROL, n=11). Various brain regions were measured by MRI. Although overall brain volumes did not differ between NURSERY and CONTROL animals, corpus callosum (CC) size, measured in mid-sagittal sections, was significantly decreased in the NURSERY group. Group differences were most evident in the posterior aspects of the corpus callosum and appeared to result from changes in the number of cross-hemispheric projections rather than from a decrease in cortical gray matter volume. The decrease in corpus callosum size in the NURSERY animals persisted after 6 months of social housing in a peer-group. Rearing group differences were not found in other structures analyzed, including the hippocampus, cerebellum and anterior commissure. In cognitive testing, NURSERY animals had more difficulty acquiring the delayed non-matching to sample (DNMS) task, but showed no deficits in subsequent memory performance when a 2 or 10 min delay was imposed. The NURSERY infant monkeys were also impaired in object, but not in spatial, reversal learning, although there were no differences in a simple object discrimination task. The cognitive deficits exhibited by the NURSERY animals were significantly correlated with the alterations found in the CC. In summary, rearing environment was associated with sustained differences in cross-hemispheric projections, white matter volume and cognitive performance.
Investigation of the Injury Behavior in Thermal Therapy of Human Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells Using a Non-Isothermal Method

In this study, the thermal injury behavior of both suspended and attached human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) SN12 cells under thermal therapy conditions (i.e., heating cells to elevated temperature for seconds to minutes) was investigated using a non-isothermal method. This non-isothermal method entailed heating the cells using a programmable heating stage from room temperature at 130°C min−1 to various peak temperatures from 45 to 70°C, held for 0 to 10 minutes, and then cooled down to room temperature at 65°C min−1 . It was found that the suspended SN12 cells are more heat susceptible than attached ones. The non-isothermal portions (i.e., the heat-up and cool-down portions) of the thermal histories were found to be able to cause significant injury (>10%) in both suspended and attached SN12 cells when the peak temperature is above 60°C. Therefore, a new non-isothermal method, which accounts for both the isothermal and non-isothermal portions of the thermal histories, was used to extract the kinetic parameters (i.e., the activation energy and frequency factor) in the Arrhenius injury model for SN12 cells. Furthermore, these results suggest that this non-isothermal method can be used to extract kinetic parameters from in vivo heating studies using minimally invasive surgical probes, where it is very difficult to get a thermal history in tissue with a dominant isothermal portion.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Gene therapy for head and neck cancer.

Objectives/Hypothesis New treatment methods are needed for head and neck cancer to improve survival without increasing morbidity. Gene therapy is a potential method of improving patient outcome. Progress in gene therapy for cancer is reviewed with emphasis on the limitations of vector technology and treatment strategies. Given the current technological vector limitations in transmitting the therapeutic genes, treatments that require the fewest number of cells to be altered by the new gene are optimal. Therefore an immune-based gene therapy strategy was selected in which the tumors were transfected with the gene for an alloantigen, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–B7, a class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC). This would restore an antigen presentation mechanism in the tumor to induce an antitumor response. This gene therapy strategy was tested in patients with advanced, unresectable head and neck cancer. Study Design Prospective trial. Methods Twenty patients with advanced head and neck cancer who had failed conventional therapy and did not e-press HLA-B7 were treated with gene therapy using a lipid vector by direct intratumoral injection. The gene therapy product contained the HLA-B7 gene and the β2-microglobulin gene, which permits complete e-pression of the class I MHC at the cell surface. Patients were assessed for any adverse effects, for changes in tumor size, for time to disease progression, and for survival. Biopsy specimens were assessed for pathological response, HLA-B7 e-pression, apoptosis, cellular proliferation, CD-8 cells, granzyme, and p53 status. Results There were no adverse effects from the gene therapy. At 16 weeks after beginning gene therapy, four patients had a partial response and two patients had stable disease. Two of the tumors completely responded clinically, but tumor was still seen on pathological examination. The time to disease progression in the responding patients was 20 to 80 weeks. The median survival in patients who completed gene therapy was 54 weeks, compared with 21 weeks in patients whose tumors progressed after the first cycle of treatment. One patient survived for 106 weeks without any additional therapy. HLA-B7 was demonstrated in the treated tumors, and increased apoptosis was seen in the responding tumors. Conclusion Significant advances have been made in the field of gene therapy for cancer. Alloantigen gene therapy has had efficacy in the treatment of cancer and can induce tumor responses in head and neck tumors. Alloantigen gene therapy has significant potential as an adjunctive treatment of head and neck cancer.
The Effect of an Electric Field on the Lines of Lithium and Calcium.

During the last three years a great deal of work has been done on the electric decomposition of spectral lines. Stark' examined the effect in canal rays, subjected to a strong auxiliary field, and Lo Surdo2 photographed the light immediately in front of the cathode, where the luminosity of the negative glow and the sudden fall of potential fulfilled the required conditions. Hydrogen and helium have been examined by both methods and Stark has investigated the transverse effects for lithium, mercury, and a number of other elements. So far, only H, He, and Li have shown large effects, and the results found for H and He by the two methods differ considerably. In spite of the great number of data accumulated by Stark, Lo Surdo, and their co-workers since the discovery of the electric effect, the work in this important field is only begun and offers great opportunities for further work. The apparatus used by Stark is very difficult to construct and needs the constant services of a skilled glass blower. Moreover, Stark has already examined most of the more promising elements. The method of Lo Surdo is very simple and has been applied, so far, only to hydrogen and helium. A survey of a number of elements was therefore made with the Lo Surdo form of apparatus, under low dispersion, and in the course of the work some new and interesting results were obtained with calcium and lithium.
Optical recording by a 823‐nm GaAlAs laser, based on stretched‐polymer birefringence relaxation

A ∼5-μm-thick stretched sheet of a vinyl chloride–vinyldene chloride copolymer containing a suitable polymethine dye providing an optical density of 1–2 at 823 nm has been used to record ∼3μm-diameter relaxed spots, produced with pulses of 250 μs or longer from a 5-mW GaAlAs laser operating at 823 nm. The spots have been observed under polarizing microscope. It is proposed that this demonstrates a principle that could be used for recording and retrieval of information by a laser beam, using a stretched polymer as the storage medium.
Determination of Texture from Individual Grain Orientation Measurements

We present a technique for determining the texture of a polycrystalline material based on the measurement of the orientation of a number of individual grains. We assumed that the sample has fiber (i.e., axisymmetric) texture and that the texture can be characterized by a function (the March-Dollase function) with a single parameter. We simulated a large number, N, of orientation data sets, using the March-Dollase function for a total of five different texture parameters, rinit. Using the maximum-likelihood method, we solved for the texture parameter, r´, that best fits each simulated data set in order to determine the distribution of r´ and evaluate the precision and accuracy with which r´ can be determined. The 90% confidence limits of the ratio r´/rinit vary as N-1/2 but were independent of rinit. Using the texture of slightly textured Al2O3 as determined by X-ray diffraction, we calculated the 90% confidence limits for measurements of 131 grains. The orientations of 131 grains in textured Al2O3 were measured by electron backscatter diffraction, and the texture determined from those measurements lay within these 90% confidence limits.
High-temperature ion implantation in diamond

C+ and N+ implantation into type IIa diamond are performed at various temperatures (25 to 1000°C) and ion-induced damage is studied by EPR measurements at 1.2 to 300 K. Hot implantation at 1000°C results in a reduced spin density of “amorphous” carbon by an order of magnitude less than that due to cold-implantation and a subsequent annealing at 1000°C. Moreover, hot implantation above 600°C produces two new spin-1 centers, A-5 and A-6, which are tentatively identified as a small multivacancy cluster. Eine C+- und N+-Implantation in IIa-diamant wird bei verschiedenen Temperaturen (25 bis 1000°C) durchgefuhrt und das ioneninduzierte Damage mit ESR-Messungen bei 1,2 bis 300 K untersucht. Heise Implantation bei 1000°C ergibt eine verringerte Spindichte von “amorphem” Kohlenstoff um eine Grosenordnung. Daruber hinaus erzeugt heise Implantation oberhalb 600°C zwei neue Spin-1-Zentren, A-5 und A-6, vorlaufig als kleine Leerstellencluster identifiziert werden.
The acquisition of category structure in unsupervised learning.

Four experiments examined the extent to which prior knowledge influences the acquisition of category structure in unsupervised learning conditions. Prior knowledge is general knowledge about a broad domain that explains why an object has the features it does. Category structure refers to the statistical regularities of features within and across categories. Subjects viewed items and then divided them up into the categories that seemed most natural. Each item had one feature that was related to prior knowledge and five features that were not. The results showed that even this small amount of prior knowledge helped subjects to discover the category structure. In addition, prior knowledge enhanced the learning of many of the category’s features, and not just the features that were directly relevant to the knowledge. The results suggest that prior knowledge may help to integrate the features of a category, thereby improving the acquisition of category structure.
Importance of methane-derived carbon as a basal resource for two benthic consumers in arctic lakes

Microbial processing of detritus is known to be important to benthic invertebrate nutrition, but the role of dissolved (DOC) versus particulate organic carbon (POC), and pathways by which those resources are obtained, are poorly understood. We used stable isotopes to determine the importance of DOC, POC, and CH4-derived carbon to benthic invertebrate consumers from arctic Alaskan Lakes. Intact sediment cores from Lake GTH 112 were enriched with 13C-labeled organic matter, including algal detritus, algal-derived DOC, methyl-labeled acetate, and carboxyl-labeled acetate, and incubated for 1 month with either caddisflies (Grensia praeterita ) or fingernail clams (Sphaerium nitidum), two invertebrate species that are important to fish nutrition. Both species used basal resources derived from POC and DOC. Results generally suggest greater reliance on POC. Differential assimilation from acetate treatments suggests Sphaerium assimilated CH4-derived carbon, which likely occurred through deposit-feeding. Grensia assimilated some microbially processed acetate, although its survivorship was poor in acetate treatments. Our data extend previous studies reporting use of CH4-derived carbon by Chironomidae and oligochaetes. Taken together, these results suggest that the use of CH4-derived carbon is common among deposit-feeding benthic invertebrates.
Immigrants: The new “invisible men and women” in diversity research

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the invisibility of immigrants in diversity research in the management field. Design/methodology/approach – Reasons for the paucity of immigrant research, focusing on discrimination, exploitation, and abuse of low‐skilled Hispanic immigrants in the USA, are examined. Considerations of what can be applied to the study of immigrants from extant diversity research are explored. Findings – Experiences of Hispanic immigrants to the USA are largely absent from diversity literature even though immigrants are significant contributors to the diversity of the USA. There are clear differences in the employment experiences of native‐born Hispanic‐Americans and those who are immigrants, with the latter, both documented and undocumented, generally faring worse in wages, benefits, and interpersonal treatment when compared with those who are native‐born. Research limitations/implications – Suggestions for research are provided to increase the inclusion of immigrants in diversity research. Originality/value – This paper focuses on integrating the experiences of discrimination of low‐skilled Hispanic immigrants, who comprise the bulk of newcomers to the USA, into the mainstream diversity literature in management studies and provides questions to stimulate research in the area.