cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
From the “Eyeball” Web to the Transaction Web

The Web, as we know it, is a collection of human readable pages that are virtually unintelligible to computer programs. For that reason, it has been called the “eyeball” Web. While the Web emerged as a World Wide repository of digitized information, by and large, the very same information is not available for automatic computation. In recent years two parallel efforts emerged that have the potential of overcoming this paradox: the first effort is the Semantic Web which provides the tools for the explicit markup of the content of Web pages; the second effort is the development of Web Services which results in a Web where programs act as independent agents to become the producers and consumers of information and enable automation of business transactions.
Influence of α- and β-Adrenergic Antagonists on Dopamine-Induced Responses in the Isolated Heart of Mercenaria mercenaria

Agents with predominantly adrenergic antagonistic properties (the α-blockers, phentolamine and tolazoline, and the β-blocker propranolol), and those with suspected α-blocking capabilities [hydralazine and 3,3′-(4,4′-biphenylene)bis(2,5-diphcnyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride) (nratetrazolium chloride); I] were added individually to a bath containing an isolated Mercenaria mercenaria heart. Two and one-half minutes later, dopamine was added to the bath as the second drug and cardiac responses were noted. Pre-treatment with saline controls, followed by dopamine 2.5 min later, produced results that were identical with those which occurred after the administration of dopamine alone, i.e., marked stimulation and cardiac arrest. Pretreatment with phentolamine and I were the only procedures that prevented dopamine-induced cardiac arrest. Phentolamine, tolazoline, and hydralazine generally produced positive inotropic responses when initially added to the bath, whereas propranolol mimicked the effects caused by the addition of dopamine alone or after saline pretreatment. The M. mercenaria heart appears to possess an adrenergic receptor of an α-configuration.
Ronald Harry Coase: institutional economist and institution builder

This essay outlines the contributions of Ronald Harry Coase (1910–2013) to institutional economics, noting his insistence on the importance of studying real world institutions and his personal contribution as an institution builder.
Intracellular Fate of Cryptococcus neoformans

Human peripheral leukocytes were found to engulf and kill cells of Cryptococcus neoformans. Fewer encapsulated than nonencapsulated cells met this fate, since cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide inhibited phagocytosis. During 10 to 12 hr of incubation of nonencapsulated cells in human serum, sufficient polysaccharide was produced to inhibit phagocytosis by 50%. The polysaccharide inhibitor was found in the sera of four patients with cryptococcosis, but not on the surfaces of their leukocytes. Additional experiments indicated that serum is not essential for effective phagocytosis. However, normal human serum contains anticryptococcal activity which is not inhibited by capsular material. Preliminary findings indicate that the phagocytic index of a patient with cryptococcosis may be correlated with the severity of his disease.
Wavelet analysis in soliton detection

The structure of arbitrary wavelet bases derived from the generalized B-spline wavelets is introduced. An arbitrary wavelet basis is constructed and then used to detect the presence of dynamic solitons in the sea surface height as measured by satellite altimetry. Comparisons are made for wavelet decompositions based on several scaling functions.
The place of work in psychiatric rehabilitation.

The current emphasis on return to work in the treatment of mdividuals with psychiatric disabilities has stimulated another look at the concept of work and its role in rehabilitation. The capacity to work is a complicated set of actions and attitudes. Performance skills, abilin, to communicate, and role behaviors are essential components. To be employed, an individual must sustain levels of physical and mental activity over time. This cornbined level of activity is directed toward a purpose that is removed from one’s self-interest.
Sexual HIV Risk Among Male Parolees and Their Female Partners: The Relate Project.

Background: The massively disproportionate impact of America’s prison boom on communities of color has raised questions about how incarceration may affect health disparities, including disparities in HIV. Primary partners are an important source of influence on sexual health. In this paper, we investigate sexual HIV risk among malefemale couples following a man’s release from prison. Methods: We draw upon data from the Relate Project, a novel cross-sectional survey of recently released men and their female partners in Oakland and San Francisco, California (N=344). Inferential analyses use the actor-partner model to explore actor and partner effects on sexual HIV risk outcomes. Results : Dyadic analyses of sexual HIV risk among male parolees and their female partners paint a complex portrait of couples affected by incarceration and of partners’ influences on each other. Findings indicate that demographic factors such as education level and employment status, individual psycho-social factors such as perception of risk, and relationship factors such as commitment and power affect sexual HIV risk outcomes. Conclusion : The Relate Project provides a novel dataset for the dyadic analysis of sexual risk among male parolees and their female partners, and results highlight the importance of focusing on the couple as a unit when assessing HIV risk and protective behaviors. Results also indicate potentially fruitful avenues for population-specific interventions that may help to reduce sexual health disparities among couples affected by incarceration.
Activator-Induced Spread of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Promotes Nucleosome Loss at Hsp70

SUMMARY Eukaryotic cells possess many transcriptionally regulated mechanisms to alleviate the nucleosome barrier. Dramatic changes to the chromatin structure of Drosophila melanogaster Hsp70 gene loci are dependent on the transcriptional activator, heat shock factor (HSF), and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Here, we find that PARP is associated with the 5 0 end of Hsp70, and its enzymatic activity is rapidly induced by heat shock. This activation causes PARP to redistribute throughout Hsp70 loci and Poly(ADP-ribose) to concurrently accumulate in the wake of PARP’s spread. HSF is necessary for both the activation of PARP’s enzymatic activity and its redistribution. Upon heat shock, HSF triggers these PARP activities mechanistically by directing Tip60 acetylation of histone H2A lysine 5 at the 5 0 end of Hsp70, where inactive PARP resides before heat shock. This acetylation is critical for the activation and spread of PARP as well as for the rapid nucleosome loss over the Hsp70 loci.
Biasing the interpretation of mammography screening data by age grouping: Nothing changes abruptly at age 50

: This study demonstrates how data can be, and have been inappropriately grouped. Analysts have suggested that many of the parameters of mammographic breast cancer screening (recall rates, recommendations for biopsy, the positive predictive value of a biopsy, and cancer detection rates) change abruptly at age 50. We evaluated these parameters in the Massachusetts General Hospital Screening program by specific ages to determine whether there was a change at this age. Of the total of 72,229 studies, 19,988 (29%) of the women were ages 40–49; 20,116 (29%) were ages 50–59; 19,268(25%) were ages 60–69; and 12,857 (17%) were ages 70–79. Among these, 4,509 (6%) women were recalled for additional evaluation; 832 (1%) biopsies were recommended; and 219 (0.3%) cancers were diagnosed with an overall positive predictive value for a mammographically initiated biopsy of 26%. There were no abrupt changes in any of the parameters at the age of 50. The recall rate declined slightly from approximately 7.3% at age 40 to 5.2% at age 79, while the rate of biopsies recommended was virtually constant with age varying from 1% to 2%. The positive predictive value and the yiield of cancers increased steadily with age rising from 15% at age 40 to 43% by the age of 79. The cancer detection rate for combined prevalence and incidence among the screened women rose from approximately 1.9 per 1,000 women at age 40 to 5.0 per 1,000 by age 79. The grouping of data can lead to misinterpretation of the results. Screening guidelines should not be predicated on the false assumption that these variables change abruptly at age 50.
Clinical Outcomes of Patients Treated With a Second Course of Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Locally or Regionally Recurrent Brain Metastases After Prior Stereotactic Radiosurgery

Patients with metastatic disease are living longer and may be confronted with locally or regionally recurrent brain metastases (BM) after prior stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT). This study analyzes outcomes in patients without prior whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) who were treated with a second course of SRS/FSRT for locally or regionally recurrent BM. We identified 32 patients at our institution who were treated with a second course of SRS/FSRT after initial SRS/FSRT for newly diagnosed BM. We report clinical outcomes including local control, survival, and toxicities. Control rates and survival were calculated using Kaplan–Meier analysis and the multivariate proportional hazards model. The Kaplan–Meier estimate of local control at 6 months was 77 % for targets treated by a second course of SRS/FSRT with 11/71 (15 %) targets experiencing local failure. Multivariate analysis shows that upon re-treatment, local recurrences were more likely to fail than regional recurrences (OR 8.8, p = 0.02). Median survival for all patients from first SRS/FSRT was 14.6 months (5.3–72.2 months) and 7.9 months (0.7–61.1 months) from second SRS/FSRT. Thirty-eight percent of patients ultimately received WBRT as salvage therapy after the second SRS/FSRT. Seventy-one percent of patients died without active neurologic symptoms. The present study demonstrates that the majority of patients who progress after SRS/FSRT for newly diagnosed BM are candidates for salvage SRS/FSRT. By reserving WBRT for later salvage, we believe that a significant proportion of patients can avoid WBRT all together, thus putting fewer patients at risk for neurocognitive toxicity.
Mineral Composition is Altered by Osteoblast Expression of an Engineered G s -Coupled Receptor

Activation of the Gs G protein–coupled receptor Rs1 in osteoblasts increases bone mineral density by 5- to 15-fold in mice and recapitulates histologic aspects of fibrous dysplasia of the bone. However, the effects of constitutive Gs signaling on bone tissue quality are not known. The goal of this study was to determine bone tissue quality in mice resulting from osteoblast-specific constitutive Gs activation, by the complementary techniques of FTIR spectroscopy and synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SRμCT). Col1(2.3)-tTA/TetO-Rs1 double transgenic (DT) mice, which showed osteoblast-specific constitutive Gs signaling activity by the Rs1 receptor, were created. Femora and calvariae of DT and wild-type (WT) mice (6 and 15 weeks old) were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. WT and DT femora (3 and 9 weeks old) were imaged by SRμCT. Mineral-to-matrix ratio was 25% lower (P = 0.010), carbonate-to-phosphate ratio was 20% higher (P = 0.025), crystallinity was 4% lower (P = 0.004), and cross-link ratio was 11% lower (P = 0.025) in 6-week DT bone. Differences persisted in 15-week animals. Quantitative SRμCT analysis revealed substantial differences in mean values and heterogeneity of tissue mineral density (TMD). TMD values were 1,156 ± 100 and 711 ± 251 mg/cm3 (mean ± SD) in WT and DT femoral diaphyses, respectively, at 3 weeks. Similar differences were found in 9-week animals. These results demonstrate that continuous Gs activation in murine osteoblasts leads to deposition of immature bone tissue with reduced mineralization. Our findings suggest that bone tissue quality may be an important contributor to increased fracture risk in fibrous dysplasia patients.
Forum: A New Culture of Learning

These brief essays by Mary Hess, Eugene Gallagher, and Katherine Turpin are solicited responses from three different contexts to the provocative book by Douglas Thomas and John Seely Brown, The New Culture of Learning (2011). Mary Hess writes from a seminary context, providing a critical summary of the authors' major concepts and their ramifications, positive and negative, for theological education and the church. Eugene Gallagher writes from a liberal arts setting, identifying characteristics of the face-to-face classroom that would go missing in a careless adoption of online learning environments. Finally, Katherine Turpin reports from the classroom, chronicling her experience in a course she redesigned for a graduate theological setting to employ some of the authors' pedagogical principles and strategies. Together, these responses offer critical appreciation and constructive critique of the work Thomas and Seely Brown have done – and point the conversation forward.
Neuron-Glia Interactions at the Node of Ranvier

Rapid, faithful, and efficient action potential propagation in mammalian axons is a consequence of myelin and clustered Na + channels. Both myelination and node of Ranvier formation require complex intercellular interactions between neurons and glia that result in profound molecular, morphological, and functional changes in each cell type. This review will focus on the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie neuron-glia interactions at the node of Ranvier. In particular, the proteins and protein complexes, and how they participate in node of Ranvier formation and maintenance, will be discussed. Traditionally, myelinating glia have been viewed as merely passive players in neuronal function, conferring on the axons they ensheath various electrical properties that facilitate action potential conduction. However, it is now recognized that this view is incomplete. This review will discuss several examples illustrating how myelinating glia actively regulate the excitable properties of axons including the kinds of channels expressed and their subcellular localization.
Graphics Processing Unit-Based Bioheat Simulation to Facilitate Rapid Decision Making Associated with Cryosurgery Training

This study focuses on the implementation of an efficient numerical technique for cryosurgery simulations on a graphics processing unit as an alternative means to accelerate runtime. This study is part of an ongoing effort to develop computerized training tools for cryosurgery, with prostate cryosurgery as a developmental model. The ability to perform rapid simulations of various test cases is critical to facilitate sound decision making associated with medical training. Consistent with clinical practice, the training tool aims at correlating the frozen region contour and the corresponding temperature field with the target region shape. The current study focuses on the feasibility of graphics processing unit-based computation using C++ accelerated massive parallelism, as one possible implementation. Benchmark results on a variety of computation platforms display between 3-fold acceleration (laptop) and 13-fold acceleration (gaming computer) of cryosurgery simulation, in comparison with the more common implementation on a multicore central processing unit. While the general concept of graphics processing unit-based simulations is not new, its application to phase-change problems, combined with the unique requirements for cryosurgery optimization, represents the core contribution of the current study.
Coupling of postural and manual tasks in expert performers

The purpose of this study was to investigate the integration of bimanual rhythmic movements and posture in expert marching percussionists. Participants (N=11) performed three rhythmic manual tasks [1:1, 2:3, and 2:3-F (2:3 rhythm played faster at a self-selected tempo)] in one of three postures: sitting, standing on one foot, and standing on two feet. Discrete relative phase, postural time-to-contact, and coherence analysis were used to analyze the performance of the manual task, postural control, and the integration between postural and manual performance. Across all three rhythms, discrete relative phase mean and variability results showed no effects of posture on rhythmic performance. The complexity of the manual task (1:1 vs. 2:3) had no effect on postural time-to-contact. However, increasing the tempo of the manual task (2:3 vs. 2:3-F) did result in a decreased postural time-to-contact in the two-footed posture. Coherence analysis revealed that the coupling between the postural and manual task significantly decreased as a function of postural difficulty (going from a two-footed to a one-footed posture) and rhythmic complexity (1:1 vs. 2:3). Taken together, these results demonstrate that expert marching percussionists systematically decouple postural and manual fluctuations in order to preserve the performance of the rhythmic movement task.
Abstract SY09-01: Inflammatory networks and cancer immune surveillance.

Cancer-associated inflammation is felt to restrain tumor immunity, particularly in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) for which a massive infiltration of immunosuppressive leukocytes into tumor stroma accompanies cancer growth. Gr-1 + CD11b + cells, often called myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), are a key feature of cancer inflammation in this disease, but the crosstalk between Gr-1 + CD11b + cells and PDA tumor cells remains incompletely understood. In a genetically engineered mouse model of invasive PDA, Gr-1 + CD11b + myeloid cells accumulate in primary and metastatic lesions and potently inhibit proliferation of antigen-specific T cells. Among the many cytokines and chemokines produced by PDA tumors, GM-CSF was both necessary and sufficient to drive proliferation and differentiation of c-kit + Gr-1 neg CD11b neg splenocytes from tumor-bearing mice into functional MDSCs. In vivo, abrogation of GM-CSF accomplished either with neutralizing antibodies or shRNA inhibited the recruitment of Gr-1 + CD11b + cells to the tumor microenvironment and blocked tumor development. This inhibition of tumor growth was reversed by in vivo CD8 T cell depletion. These findings demonstrate that tumor-derived GM-CSF regulates a major component of myeloid inflammation and T cell immunity in PDA and suggest new targets with therapeutic potential for disrupting cancer inflammation and enhancing immunity. To test if these findings extend to other gastrointestinal cancers, such as esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, a second genetically engineered mouse model of cancer that recapitulates esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was evaluated. In this model, desmoplasia and a prominent myeloid inflammatory response around early and advanced lesions are observed, associated with tumor prand strikingly, tumor progression was significantly halted when this inflammation was eliminated. Thus, there is a common theme among epithelial-derived upper gastrointestinal tumors by which tumor-derived factors drive an inflammatory program that fosters tumorigenesis and tumor invasion, at least in part through the inhibition of anti-tumor immunity. Citation Format: Robert H. Vonderheide. Inflammatory networks and cancer immune surveillance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY09-01. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-SY09-01
Educating Learners With Disabilities in Palestine: The Past, Present, and Future

With the adoption of the Right of Education for All (1994), the Palestinian Ministry of Education has indicated the necessity to address the needs of students with disabilities. Although the growth...
Efficacy and safety of PTCA in aged patients with coronary artery disease

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of PTCA in aged patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Among 212 patients, 46 patients suffered from stable angina, 62 patients suffered from unstable angina, 104 patients suffered from myocardial infarction. Eighty four patients had single vessel disease, 62 patients had double vessel disease and 66 patients had triple vessel disease in group A. A total of 298 vessels disease and 252 stents were treated. A total of 118 stents were implanted into LAD, 84 stents into RCA, 84 stents into LCX and 2 stents into LM. The clinical characteristics, therapeutic efficacy, safety of group A (60 years or older of age) and group B (under 60 years of age) were compared. Results: The patients in group A had a higher incidence of multi- vessel disease than that in group B (P0.01). There were no significant differences in success rate between two groups. Conclusion: PTCA and stenting can be applied safely to elderly CAD patients.
Research on High-Temperature Tolerance of Wandao153(WD153) of Indica Medium Hybrid Rice

This paper was to research on the high temperature resistance of WD153 by used controllable greenhouse. The result showed that seed setting rate of WD153 was over 66% under high temperature in the heading flowering period,and was obviously higher than heat sensitive variety.Economic index of grain number per panicle,filled grain number per panicle and 1000- grain weight were higher than heat sensitive variety,and the difference was very significant. Therefore,WD153 shows stronger high temperature tolerance.
The Cultivation Technique of Good Quality Rice-″Yueguang″

According to the agronomic characters and the experiments of "Yueguang",the cultivation technique for high yield and good quality ″Yueguang″ was discussed.Late-sowing and transplanting,less chemical fertilizer utilization,using chemical substance for plant height controlling and diseases control are the key methods for preventing lodging too early and getting high yield and quality.
MIDI-assisted egocentric optical music recognition

Egocentric vision has received increasing attention in recent years due to the vast development of wearable devices and their applications. Although there are numerous existing work on egocentric vision, none of them solve Optical Music Recognition (OMR) problem. In this paper, we propose a novel optical music recognition approach for egocentric device (e.g. Google Glass) with the assistance of MIDI data. We formulate the problem as a structured sequence alignment problem as opposed to the blind recognition in traditional OMR systems. We propose a linear-chain Conditional Random Field (CRF) to model the note event sequence, which translates the relative temporal relations contained by MIDI to spatial constraints over the egocentric observation. We performed evaluations to compare the proposed approach with several different baselines and proved that our approach achieved the highest recognition accuracy. We view our work as the first step towards egocentric optical music recognition, and believe it will bring insights for next-generation music pedagogy and music entertainment.
Distinct HLA-B Antigen Associations for the Salt-Wasting and Simple Virilizing Forms of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency

The salt-wasting (SW) and simple virilizing (SV) forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OH DEF) are both autosomal recessive defects of gene(s) closely linked to the HLA-B locus [1]. HLA-antigen associations with CAH have been described, in which an increase in Bw47, Bw60(40) and B51(5) and a decrease in B8 have been confirmed in several studies [2].
New World Anthropoids

Abstract: Anthropoids, or higher primates, include monkeys, apes and humans. Living anthropoids are distinguished from strepsirrhines, and to a lesser degree from tarsiers by numerous anatomical features, include fusion of the two halves of the lower jaw and posterior closure of the orbit. The platyrrhine monkeys of the New World are all arboreal monkeys . They consist of three major groups. Pitheciids include the sakis and uakaries which specialize of hard seeds as well as the titi monkeys. Atelids are large monkeys with prehensile tails and include the widespread folivorous howling monkeys, and the woolly monkeys, spider monkeys and woolly spider monkeys. The cebids are a very diverse group including squirrel monkeys, capuchin monkeys, and the marmosets, tamarins and Goeldi’s monkey, Callimico . The owl monkey is also included among the cebids. Platyrrhines contrast with other radiations of primates in being almost all diurnal, and predominantly frugivorous, faunivorous and gummivorous. There is only one nocturnal genus and two genera that eat large numbers of leaves. They exhibit a wide range of social structures.
Internet Use and Happiness

In order to explore the relationship between happiness and Internet use, an Internet Use Scale (IUS) was developed and administered to college students along with the Flourishing Scale [1] and the Satisfaction with Life Scale [2]. A factor analysis of the IUS revealed three components of Internet use (time spent on the Internet; use of the Internet for information gathering; and use of the Internet for affective expression). Time spent on the Internet was negatively related to both happiness measures; information gathering was positively related to Flourishing scores; and affective expression was unrelated to happiness.
Linear Systems and Matrices

This chapter focuses on the solution of linear systems using matrix methods and their role in analyzing nonlinear systems.
High Glucose-Mediated STAT3 Activation in Endometrial Cancer Is Inhibited by Metformin: Therapeutic Implications for Endometrial Cancer.

Objectives STAT3 is over-expressed in endometrial cancer, and diabetes is a risk factor for the development of type 1 endometrial cancer. We therefore investigated whether glucose concentrations influence STAT3 expression in type 1 endometrial cancer, and whether such STAT3 expression might be inhibited by metformin. Methods In Ishikawa (grade 1) endometrial cancer cells subjected to media with low, normal, or high concentrations of glucose, expression of STAT3 and its target proteins was evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Ishikawa cells were treated with metformin and assessed with cell proliferation, survival, migration, and ubiquitin assays, as well as Western blot and qPCR. Expression of apoptosis proteins was evaluated with Western blot in Ishikawa cells transfected with a STAT3 overexpression plasmid and treated with metformin. A xenograft tumor model was used for studying the in vivo efficacy of metformin. Results Expression of STAT3 and its target proteins was increased in Ishikawa cells cultured in high glucose media. In vitro, metformin inhibited cell proliferation, survival and migration but induced apoptosis. Metformin reduced expression levels of pSTAT3 ser727, total STAT3, and its associated cell survival and anti-apoptotic proteins. Additionally, metformin treatment was associated with increased degradation of pSTAT3 ser727. No change in apoptotic protein expression was noticed with STAT3 overexpression in Ishikawa cells. In vivo, metformin treatment led to a decrease in tumor weight as well as reductions of STAT3, pSTAT3 ser727, its target proteins. Conclusions These results suggest that STAT3 expression in type 1 endometrial cancer is stimulated by a high glucose environment and inhibited by metformin.
Adaptation of residents to consultation-liaison psychiatry. II. Working with the nonpsychiatric staff.

Abstract When working with the staff in a general hospital, psychiatry residents may be overly competitive, solicitous, or detached. These defensive reactions often arise because of the special challenges of performing a consultation, including the skepticism about the value of psychiatry and the demeaning or unrealistic expectations about what the psychiatrist can do. Furthermore, the psychiatry resident feels even more challenged if the attitudes and behavior of the staff must be changed for the patient's benefit. To affect this influence on the staff the psychiatry resident may need to assume a “liaison stance.” This stance involves not only establishing a collegial alliance but also using modified therapeutic maneuvers to alter staff behavior. By applying psychodynamic knowledge to understand and potentially to influence the staff, psychiatry residents, as participant observers, can feel less helpless and frustrated by difficult liaison situations.
Biphasic recovery of vitamin D-dependent Ca2+ uptake by rat intestinal Golgi membranes

Abstract A previous study had demonstrated that rat intestinal epithelial cell Golgi, lateral-basal, and microvillus membrane vesicles translocated Ca 2+ , and that this process was markedly decreased in vitamin D-deficient rats. In the present study the kinetics of recovery of Ca 2+ uptake by intestinal Golgi vesicles was examined in vitamin D-deficient rats after a single i.v. injection of 125 ng 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 ). Calcium uptake was measured by determination of 45 Ca 2+ associated with Golgi membranes after collection by micropore filtration. Golgi membranes recovered rapidly (66% in 15 min, 83% in 30 min) but then quickly returned to prerepletion levels by 8 hr. This was followed by a second phase of recovery starting at 48 hr, with approximately 80% recovery by 96 hr which was maintained at least to 120 hr. By comparison, partial recovery of calcium uptake by microvillus membrane vesicles was first detected at 15 hr and full recovery did not occur until 72 hr; a biphasic pattern to microvillus membrane recovery was not apparent. The vitamin D-dependent recovery of Ca 2+ uptake by Golgi membrane vesicles was also compared to studies with gut sacs which showed 50% recovery by 3 hr and 100% recovery by 6 hr; gut sac recovery was sustained for at least 120 hr. The recovery of Ca 2+ uptake by Golgi was shown to be specific for 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 . The first peak of recovery of Ca 2+ uptake by intestinal Golgi membrane vesicles is one of the earliest reported effects of 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 . The biphasic nature of recovery demonstrated by Golgi membranes suggests that there may be more than one mechanism of action of 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 on the intestine.
Psychology at Indiana University: From Bryan to Skinner

Indiana University is the location of the oldest continuing psychology laboratory in America. William Lowe Bryan, a future president of the American Psychological Association, opened the laboratory in January of 1888 and subsequently performed his classic experiments on Morse Code learning there in the 1890s. This article describes the individuals and themes that guided the development of psychology at Indiana in its first 60 years, ending with the chairmanship and activities of B. F. Skinner in 1945–48. The most significant contributions of the members of the department are reviewed and assessed.
Do Patient-Centered Medical Homes Improve Health Behaviors, Outcomes, and Experiences of Low-Income Patients? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives To examine: (1) what elements of patient-centered medical homes (PCMHs) are typically provided to low-income populations, (2) whether PCMHs improve health behaviors, experiences, and outcomes for low-income groups. Data Sources/Study Setting Existing literature on PCMH utilization among health care organizations serving low-income populations. Study Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data Collection/Extraction Methods We obtained papers through existing systematic and literature reviews and via PubMed, Web of Science, and the TRIP databases, which examined PCMHs serving low-income populations. A total of 434 studies were reviewed. Thirty-three articles met eligibility criteria. Principal Findings Patient-centered medical home interventions usually were composed of five of the six recommended components. Overall positive effect of PCMH interventions was d = 0.247 (range −0.965 to 1.42). PCMH patients had better clinical outcomes (d = 0.395), higher adherence (0.392), and lower utilization of emergency rooms (d = −0.248), but there were apparent limitations in study quality. Conclusions Evidence shows that the PCMH model can increase health outcomes among low-income populations. However, limitations to quality include no assessment for confounding variables. Implications are discussed.
Genetic consultation embedded in a gynecologic oncology clinic improves compliance with guideline-based care

Abstract Objective Analyze the impact of embedding genetic counseling services in gynecologic oncology on clinician referral and patient uptake of cancer genetics services. Methods Data were reviewed for a total of 737 newly diagnosed epithelial ovarian cancer patients seen in gynecologic oncology at a large academic medical center including 401 from 11/2011–7/2014 (a time when cancer genetics services were provided as an off-site consultation). These data were compared to data from 8/2014–9/2016 (n=336), when the model changed to the genetics embedded model (GEM), incorporating a cancer genetic counselor on-site in the gynecologic oncology clinic. Results A statistically significant difference in proportion of patients referred pre- and post-GEM was observed (21% vs. 44%, p Conclusions Providing cancer genetics services on-site in gynecologic oncology and modifying the process by which patients are referred and scheduled significantly increases referral to cancer genetics and timely completion of genetics consultation, improving compliance with guideline-based care. Practice changes are critical given the impact of genetic test results on treatment and familial cancer risks.
Direct observation of recrystallization mechanisms during annealing of Cu in low and high strain conditions

Abstract Recrystallization and subsequent twin formation in > 99.99% pure copper is investigated by in situ annealing in a scanning electron microscope. Distinct microstructural evolution mechanisms are observed for specimens deformed using 5% and 25% cold-rolled reductions. Upon annealing the former, growth and twinning of existing grains via strain-induced boundary migration is observed while the latter exhibits nucleation and growth. Serial sectioning indicates that recrystallization in the low strain condition is surface dominant while nucleation occurs through thickness in the high strain condition. Geometrically necessary dislocation densities are calculated and mapped to identify the localized driving pressures for each recrystallization mechanism.
Tissue geometry may govern lung branching mode selection

Abstract Lung branching morphogenesis proceeds in three stereotyped modes (domain, planar, and orthogonal branching). Much is known about the molecular players, including growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor 10 but it is unknown how these signals could actuate the different branching patterns. With the aim of identifying mechanisms that may determine the different branching modes, we developed a computational model of the epithelial lung bud and its surrounding mesenchyme. We studied transport of morphogens and localization of morphogen flux at lobe surfaces and lobe edges. We find that a single simple mechanism is theoretically capable of directing an epithelial tubule to elongate, bend, flatten, or bifurcate, depending solely on geometric ratios of the tissues in the vicinity of a growing tubule tip. Furthermore, the same simple mechanism is capable of generating orthogonal or planar branching, depending only on the same geometric ratios.
Trends in Use of Midodrine in the ICU: A Single-Center Retrospective Case Series.

Objectives:Midodrine is an oral alpha-agonist approved for orthostatic hypotension. The use of midodrine as a vasopressor sparing agent has steadily increased in the ICU despite limited evidence for its safety in that setting. We describe the trends in use and reported side effects and complications
Generalized Geometric Programming : Computational Studies

This chapter presents extensive computational studies of the global optimization approach for generalized geometric programming (GGP) problems presented in Chapter 8. A number of engineering design problems are addressed for which convergence to an ∈-global minimum is guaranteed. A framework for checking the stability of given control strategies is presented which requires the solution of (GGP) problems, and a number of stability analysis examples are considered. The deterministic global optimization algorithm introduced in Chapter 8 has been implemented with the modeling language GAMS (Brooke et al., 1992) and computational times are reported for all examples on a HP—730 workstation.
Syllabus: First Year Management Communication 2003

This note outlines Darden's innovative first-year management-communication curriculum. It provides a model for educators who are looking for a comprehensive introduction to essential communication topics and skills in the context of an MBA program. See also "Fall Outline: First-Year Management Communication" (UVA-BC-0161).
September, 1986—Combermere, Ontario

“I am The Baroness Ekaterina Fydodorovna Kolyschkine from Russia.” The Baroness’ title and rich Russian accent mesmerized the child.
Conditions Enabling Effective Multiple Team Membership

There is a long tradition of research on work in teams and their increasingly important use as an approach to organizational design. While the implicit assumption has been that individuals work on one team at a time, many individuals are now being asked to juggle several projects and their associated multiple team memberships (MTM) simultaneously. This creates a set of interesting opportunities and challenges for organizations that choose to structure work in this way. In this paper, we review the limited existing research on MTM work. We then present the results of a survey documenting the prevalence of MTM work and the findings from a pilot interview study suggesting a number of challenges, benefits, and enabling conditions associated with MTM work. We discuss the implications for managers working in MTM environments as well as for scholars of teams and, in doing so we describe what we see as key items on the agenda for future research on this topic.
Hot Cracking in Welds of Aluminum and Magnesium Alloys

Hot cracking in fusion and solid-state welding of aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, and aluminum alloys to magnesium alloys is discussed. This includes: (1) liquation cracking in the partially melted zones of arc and resistance spot welds, (2) liquation cracking in the stir zones in friction stir welds, and (3) solidification cracking in the fusion zones of arc and resistance spot welds. Recent data of hot tearing (that is, solidification cracking during casting) in magnesium castings, which can be used to study solidification cracking in magnesium welds, are presented. These include the hot tearing susceptibility of new creep-resistant magnesium alloys and the test method used for evaluating the susceptibility.
Cardiac Involvement by HIV-Associated DLBCL

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a common AIDS-defining malignancy among people living with HIV. Of the different types of NHLs, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common. Prognosis of DLBCL has improved over the years in the general population but remains relatively poor in HIV-positive individuals. Almost any organ system can be affected by DLBCL; however, cardiac involvement remains rare and suggests aggressive disease. We present a case of DLBCL in an HIV-positive patient, who had cardiac involvement, with the only clue to cardiac involvement being symptom being tachycardia and dysphagia.
Participation in Income-Generating Activities and Help-Seeking for IPV in Bangladesh – Results from a National Survey of Women

The present study examined whether there was an association between microfinance participation (i.e. microentrepreneurship) and help-seeking social networks and employment and help-seeking social n...
Marijuana use, alcohol use, and sexual intercourse among truant adolescents

AbstractBackground: Adolescence is a time in development when many initiate problem behaviors, including alcohol use, marijuana use, and sexual intercourse. Although research has shown that these behaviors tend to co-occur, little is known about their daily co-occurrences, particularly among high-risk groups such as truant adolescents. This study investigated the influence of marijuana and alcohol use on the odds of engaging in sexual intercourse on a daily level among a sample of truant adolescents. Methods: Daily-level data from 76 at-risk, truant adolescents (46 male, 30 female) between the ages of 13 and 19 years who reported alcohol use, marijuana use, and sexual intercourse over a 90-day retrospective recall period were analyzed. Results: General estimating equations analyzing 6840 days and controlling for age, gender, and school days demonstrated that the use of marijuana and/or alcohol on a given day were associated with significantly increased odds of engaging in sexual intercourse on the same da...
Underactive Bladder and Bladder Outlet Procedures in Women.

Purpose of review This review outlines current options for women suffering from both stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and underactive bladder (UAB). This is often a challenging patient population; however, many treatment options are available including behavioral, pharmacologic, and surgical. Therapies can be divided into those specifically targeting either the bladder or the bladder outlet. Recent findings For patients with SUI and UAB, several clinical trials have helped to formulate current guidelines. Also, a number of novel techniques and therapeutic agents are currently under investigation. Current surgical treatments frequently employed for SUI include midurethral slings and urethral bulking agents. In contrast, the current treatments for UAB are limited to either sacral neuromodulation in women with Fowlers syndrome or in the majority, clean intermittent catheterization. Recent studies have investigated the use of adjustable urethral slings and novel modes of neuromodulation with varying degrees of success. Summary Choosing the best treatment plan for SUI combined with UAB involves a thorough understanding of a patient's preferences and goals. Fortunately, women have many options that can significantly benefit their quality of life.
Prevalence and associated predictors for patients developing chronic neuropathic pain following burns

Background Chronic pain, unrelated to the burn itself, can manifest as a long-term complication in patients sustaining burn injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) and compare burn characteristics between patients who developed CNP and patients without CNP who were treated at a burn center. Methods A single-center, retrospective analysis of 1880 patients admitted to the adult burn center was performed from 1 January 2014 to 1 January 2019. Patients included were over the age of 15 years, sustained a burn injury and were admitted to the burn center. CNP was diagnosed clinically following burn injury. Patients were excluded from the definition of CNP if their pain was due to an underlying illness or medication. Comparisons between patients admitted to the burn center with no pain and patients admitted to the burn center who developed CNP were performed. Results One hundred and thirteen of the 1880 burn patients developed CNP as a direct result of burn injury over 5 years with a prevalence of 6.01%. Patients who developed CNP were a significantly older median age (54 years vs. 46 years, p = 0.002), abused alcohol (29% vs. 8%, p < 0.001),abused substances (31% vs. 9%, p < 0.001), were current daily smokers (73% vs. 33%, p < 0.001), suffered more full-thickness burns (58% vs. 43%, p < 0.001), greater median percent of total body surface area (%TBSA) burns (6 vs. 3.5, p < 0.001), were more often intubated on mechanical ventilation (33% vs. 14%, p < 0.001), greater median number of surgeries (2 vs. 0, p < 0.001) and longer median hospital length of stay (LOS) (10 days vs. 3 days, p < 0.001), compared to those who did not develop CNP, respectively. Median patient follow-up was 27 months. Conclusions The prevalence of CNP over 5 years was 6.01% in the burn center. Older ages, alcohol abuse, substance abuse, current daily smoking, greater percent of total body surface area (%TBSA) burns, third degree burns, being intubated on mechanical ventilation, having more surgeries and longer hospital LOS were associated with developing CNP following burn injury, compared to patients who did not develop CNP following burn injury.
Chapter 26 – Gustatory System

The receptors for gustation are located in the oral cavity, which brings food and fluids from outside the body into the gastrointestinal tract. Taste buds work in concert with oral thermal and tactile receptors to evaluate these substances. As with many external stimuli, humans can describe both the quality and intensity of sapid chemicals with considerable accuracy. As with many internal stimuli, humans also describe tastes in affective terms; they are either pleasant or aversive. Thus, on a number of dimensions, the gustatory system spans the exteroceptive and interoceptive sensory domains. The focus of this chapter is on the organization of the gustatory system within the rodent brain.
Biotechnology and nanotechnology for remediation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds: current perspectives

Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) are persistent organic pollutants which are harmful to public health and the environment. Many CVOCs occur in substantial quantities in groundwater and soil, even though their use has been more carefully managed and restricted in recent years. This review summarizes recent data on several innovative treatment solutions for CVOC-affected media including bioremediation, phytoremediation, nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI)-based reductive dehalogenation, and photooxidation. There is no optimally developed single technology; therefore, the possibility of using combined technologies for CVOC remediation, for example bioremediation integrated with reduction by nZVI, is presented. Some methods are still in the development stage. Advantages and disadvantages of each treatment strategy are provided. It is hoped that this paper can provide a basic framework for selection of successful CVOC remediation strategies.