cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance of a Mesoscale Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) during the NOAA High-Resolution Hurricane Test

Abstract An ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) combined with the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting model (ARW-WRF; hereafter WRF) on a 36-km Atlantic basin domain is cycled over six different time periods that include the 10 tropical cyclones (TCs) selected for the NOAA High-Resolution Hurricane (HRH) test. The analysis ensemble is generated every 6 h by assimilating conventional in situ observations, synoptic dropsondes, and TC advisory position and minimum sea level pressure (SLP) data. On average, observation assimilation leads to smaller TC position errors in the analysis compared to the 6-h forecast; however, the same is true for TC minimum SLP only for tropical depressions and storms. Over the 69 HRH initialization times, TC track forecasts from a single member of the WRF EnKF ensemble has 12 h less skill compared to other operational models; the increased track error partially results from the WRF EnKF analysis having a stronger Atlantic subtropical ridge. For nonmajor TCs, the WRF EnKF...
How well do the adolescent risk factors predict re-arrest frequency across race/ethnicity among serious adolescent offenders?

The field of criminology has devoted considerable time and attention to assessing the main risk factors associated with delinquency and criminal behavior. This line of research consistently documents that certain individual, familial, and situational risk factors are related to offending especially in adolescence. At the same time, there are two limitations to this line of work. The first is that most studies do not consider the extent to which these relationships hold across demographic groups, especially with respect to race/ethnicity. The second has been the reliance on general population/non-offender-based samples. This study aims to fill these two gaps. Using longitudinal data from the Pathways to Desistance, a study of serious adolescent offenders processed in two juvenile court systems, we investigate the extent to which a wide array risk factors relate to the frequency of re-arrests in a seven year follow-up across white, black, and Hispanic offenders.
External Costs of Land Subsidence Houston-Baytown Area

Groundwater withdrawal from underground aquifers in excess of natural recharge is causing land surface subsidence along the Texas coast. External costs of subsidence are estimated from a survey of damages and losses in property value in the Houston-Baytown area of Texas. Estimates of total costs, primarily in fresh- and saltwater flooding, are used in a break-even analysis to compare areal costs of groundwater to costs of water from surface sources. Substitution of surface water for all groundwater that results in subsidence is suggested as a means of minimizing total water costs to the area.
HIV/AIDS and individuals with disability.

AR hallmark of the HIV/AIDS epidemic has been its impact on vulnerable populations. Surprisingly, one of the world's most vulnerable populations - individuals who live with a permanent physical, sensory (deafness, blindness), intellectual, or mental health disability - has been almost entirely overlooked despite the fact that they are at equal or increased risk of exposure to all known risk factors for HIV. It is commonly assumed that individuals with disability are at low risk of HIV infection.' They are incorrectly believed to be sexually inactive, unlikely to use drugs or alcohol, and at less risk of violence or rape than their non-disabled peers. Individuals with mental illness have received more attention, but a focus on this group still lags behind that for the
A modeling investigation of the Arctic sea ice-atmosphere feedback

We examine the effects of a general sea ice-atmosphere feedback (SAF) over the Barents Sea by turning it on and off in a coupled climate model. The SAF is “turned off” by forcing the atmosphere with surface turbulent and longwave heat fluxes and surface temperatures that reflect climatological sea ice cover over the Barents Sea, while allowing the sea ice and sea surface temperature (SST) to freely evolve. Suppressing the SAF reduces the variability of near-surface air temperature (T), sea ice concentration (I) , and SST averaged over the Barents Sea by up to 35 %, confirming the existence of a positive thermodynamically-driven SAF found in prior uncoupled modeling studies. Decreased interannual variability accounts for most of the total reduction in I, T, and SST variability, and the largest reductions in variability occur during the winter sea ice growth and spring melt seasons. In contrast to the results from the coupled model experiment, the total variances of I, T, and SST do not significantly change in response to suppressing the SAF in a simple vector autoregressive model, indicating that the SAF is nonlinear.
Trichloroethoxy-Substituted Polyphosphazenes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties

High polymeric organophosphazenes have been synthesized with trichloroethoxy side groups either as the sole substituents or as cosubstituents with trifluoroethoxy, phenoxy, or methoxyethoxyethoxy g...
The Effect of Citrus Rust Mite Damage on Citrus Fruit Drop

Transpiration rates for on-tree citrus fruit were found to be higher for fruit damaged by Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead) than for undamaged fruit. Pull-testing indicated that bonding force (force necessary to remove fruit from the tree) was negatively correlated with % surface damage by the citrus rust mite (r = −0.287\***|). Fruit drop rates were increased by citrus rust mite damage in 4 different tests with ‘Valencia’ and ‘Pineapple’ orange and ‘Duncan’ grapefruit. The 3 most important variables in predicting drop were temperature, time, and citrus rust mite damage. The final model for predicting % fruit drop (p) was p = 0.003911 exp (0.01327D)δ where D is % surface damage by rust mite and δ is degree-days above 10°C.
A longitudinal study of change and sameness in personality development: adolescence to later adulthood.

The life span from early adolescence to later adulthood, with assessments at four different time periods, was described by means of Q-sort items and analyzed according to processes of personality change and maintenance of sameness. Change was determined by analyses of variance with repeated measures, and sameness was indexed by intraclass rs. A replicative design was used with a total of 136 longitudinally studied participants in four different samples: male and female participants in the Oakland Growth Study and the Guidance Study. The preservation of sameness was the most frequently observed phenomena, but two different kinds of systematic change were identified: transpositions within the participants' maintenance of internal consistency across time and emergent changes for samples with marked discontinuities among individuals. The pattern of these results is consistent with the view that development during adulthood involves reorganization, and the content of the findings are compatible with Erikson's ...
Situation of newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis during the period of 2006-2012 in Sanmenxia City

Objective Analysis of pneumoconiosis prevalence in Sanmenxia city from 2006 to 2012,in order to provide the scientific basis for pneumoconiosis prevention and treatment.Methods Data on newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis of Sanmenxia from China occupational disease reporting system were analyzed with descriptive epidemiological methods.The variables included the categores and stages of the diseases,working years,industries and classes of exposed work etc.Results There were 654 cases of newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis from 2006 to 2012in Sanmenxia,including 609 new cases and 45 old cases.In new cases of pneumoconiosis,561 cases of pneumoconiosis were in stage 1,which were accounted for 92.12%,and 40 cases were in stage 2,8cases were in stage 3.In the old cases,the most cases were stage 1and stage 2,which were accounted for 86.67% of all old cases.Silicosis and coal workers pneumoconiosis were accounted for 76.52% and 21.51% respectively of all newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis.In the distribution of working idustries,coal-getter and miner were most.The patientsage of 283 cases were less than 55 years old,326 cases were more than 55 years old.The most cases had working years of 15.0~24.9years,which was accounted for 46.96%;second were 25.0~35.0years,which was accounted for 29.06%.Conclusions The situation of pneumoconiosis prevention and control is still serious in Sanmenxia City.It is necessary to strengthen prevention and management of occupational disease to ensure the workershealth.
Multi-mode DTS system union for regional power grid

A distributed computational model combination algorithm is presented for large-scale system union.The sub-net chooses the main-net for local computational model combination and power flow calculation and writes the calculated results back to the local devices.A multi-mode DTS(Dispatcher Training Simulator) system union is established according to the characteristics of regional power grid,which integrates the computational model combination mode with the boundary flow matching mode.Different union modes are selected during power system combination.The multi-mode DTS system union ensures the accuracy of combined network power flow and avoids large-scale combination calculation.It is adopted in Jiangsu provincial-regional associated anti-failure maneuver,showing satisfactory results.
Panel discussion: maximizing impact

This session is intended as an open discussion between a small group of panelists and the conference attendees. What can we do as a community to increase the impact (whatever that means) of our research, especially with the rise in paper counts, write only conferences, over-specialization of ourselves and our students, migration of distinguished researchers to more development-oriented positions, etc.? More specifically: What should we look for in graduate applicants? What should be the balance between breadth and depth in graduate programs? Are there emerging high-impact areas on which there should be greater focus (e.g., visualization, scientific data management)? How do we make data management techniques (databases, data mining, machine learning) usable by the masses? How can we contribute to a data-centric view of everything science, engineering, the social sciences, commerce?
THE IMPROVED DEMONSTRATION OF CIRCULATING ANTIBODIES IN HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA BY THE USE OF A BOVINE ALBUMIN MEDIUM

Abstract 1. Bovine albumin solution as a testing and diluting medium was used for the detection of abnormal iso-antibodies in the serum of various cases of hemolytic anemia. 2. Five patients with idiopathic acquired hemolytic anemia all showed a warm agglutinin, although in 4 of these patients antibody could not be detected by use of the standard saline technic. Higher titres than in salt sDlution were always obtained in the albumin medium. Three patients with congenital spherocytic anemia not in crisis, 2 patients with severe Mediterranean anemia, and 2 with sickle cell anemia failed to show antibody. In the crisis of 1 case of congenital spherocytic anemia an autohemolysin was temporarily found with the use of bovine albumin. Other cases of acquired hemolytic anemia (chemical, symptomatic, hypersplenic) failed to show antibody. Detection of antibody was of distinct value in the diagnosis of acquired hemolytic anemia of the "idiopathic" type. Its continued presence in such a case after splenectomy rendered the prognosis doubtful. 3. In the further differentiation of various types of familial and acquired cases, use was made of the red cell survival time. Parallel determinations of the survival time and of iso-antibodies showed a distinct correlation. Use of the anti-human globulin rabbit serum test to detect iso-antibody adsorbed to the red cell is cited as of further diagnostic aid.
Pectoralis Major Flap for Head and Neck Reconstruction

Reconstruction of the head neck area following resection for cancer can be difficult because of the poor hygiene, contamination with intraoral bacteria, as well as possible previous radiation therapy. The advent of myocutaneous flaps ushered in a reliable technique for one stage reconstruction in these very difficult areas. The pectoralis major myocutaneous flap has stood the test of time in its predictable vascular anatomy, its facility in surgical preparation and reconstruction, and its durability in use worldwide with that the special needs of microvascular surgical skills. The pectoralis major is the most commonly used flap as a backup for repair and reconstruction following the loss of free flap reconstruction.
A workload aware model of computational resource selection for big data applications

Workload characterization of Big Data applications has always been a challenging research problem. Big data applications often have high demands on multiple computing components in concert, such as storage, memory, network and processors and have evolving performance characteristics along with the scale of the workload. To further complicate the problem, the increasing diversity of hardware technologies available makes side-by-side comparisons hard. Choosing right resources among a wide array of available systems is a decision that is likely to plague both end users and resources providers. In this paper, we propose a workload aware model for the computational infrastructure selection problem for a given application. Our model considers both features of the workload and features of the computational infrastructure and predicts expected performance for a given workload, based on historical performance results using Support Vector Machines (SVM). We tested our model with a practical application from the domain of Transportation research on two distinct computing resources. The application has significant requirements on both memory availability and processing power. Therefore the optimal performance of the application is a dedicated trade-off between different types of resources and it is workload specific. The two testing systems represent two main trends in high performance computing resources. One infrastructure is a traditional high end computing cluster consisting of moderate number of CPUs and memories running at high frequency and high bandwidth. The other system, based on the latest Intel Knights Landing processor, is a good representation of the trending Many-Core technology in which high number of processing cores running at lower frequencies are available. The memory allocation models are also often different between the two systems. Our results show that our proposed model can achieve over 90% accuracy in performance prediction with small training data sets for our test application. The results also indicate that our model is a viable approach to be extended to other classes of applications and to be potentially adopted by high performance computing resource providers.
Memoirs: On the Developement of the Optic Nerve of Vertebrates, and the Choroidal Fissure of Embryonic Life

1. The optic stalk takes no part in the formation of the nervous parts of the organ of sight. 2. The optic stalk becomes broken down and the cells composing it separated from one another, partly by the mechanical stretching due to the growth of the optic nerve, partly by the growth in between the several cells of the nerve-fibres. 3. The optic nerve is developed independently of the optic stalk, the nerve-fibres lying along the posterior border of the stalk, and at first entirely outside it; but on the breaking down of the stalk some of the nerve-fibres grow in between the cells. 4. The great majority of fibres forming the optic nerve arise as outgrowths from nerve-cells in the retina, and grow towards and into the brain. 5. According to Cajal9s researches certain fibres also exist which would seem to grow from the central nervous system to the retina, but these I have not been able to find. 6. The nerve-fibres pass over the ventral edge of the optic cup, and thereby cause the formation of the choroidal fissure. 7. The choroidal fissure of the embyro represents a condition in the evolution of the eye which was persistent in the adult prior to the formation of a lens. It has only secondarily been made use of as a means of ingress for the mesoblastic tissues.
22.5 A 93%-power-efficiency photovoltaic energy harvester with irradiance-aware auto-reconfigurable MPPT scheme achieving >95% MPPT efficiency across 650µW to 1W and 2.9ms FOCV MPPT transient time

With more and more functions in modern battery-powered mobile devices, enabling light-harvesting in the power management system can extend battery usage time [1]. For both indoor and outdoor operations of mobile devices, the output power range of the solar panel with the size of a touchscreen can vary from 100s of µW to a Watt due to the irradiance-level variation. An energy harvester is thus essential to achieve high maximum power-point tracking efficiency (η T ) over this wide power range. However, state-of-the-art energy harvesters only use one maximum power-point tracking (MPPT) method under different irradiance levels as shown in Fig. 22.5.1 [2–5]. Those energy harvesters with power-computation-based MPPT schemes for portable [2,3] and standalone [4] systems suffer from low η T under low input power due to the limited input dynamic range of the MPPT circuitry. Other low-power energy harvesters with the fractional open-cell voltage (FOCV) MPPT scheme are confined by the fractional-constant accuracy to only offer high η T across a narrow power range [5]. Additionally, the conventional FOCV MPPT scheme requires long transient time of 250ms to identify MPP [5], thereby significantly reducing energy capture from the solar panel. To address the above issues, this paper presents an energy harvester with an irradiance-aware hybrid algorithm (IAHA) to automatically switch between an auto-zeroed pulse-integration based MPPT (AZ PI-MPPT) and a slew-rate-enhanced FOCV (SRE-FOCV) MPPT scheme for maximizing η T under different irradiance levels. The SRE-FOCV MPPT scheme also enables the energy harvester to shorten the MPPT transient time to 2.9ms in low irradiance levels.
Emotional Intelligence, Emotional Labor, and Emotional Exhaustion among Korean Fitness Employees

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among emotional intelligence, two forms of emotional labor (i.e. surface acting and deep acting), and emotional exhaustion among Korean fitness employees. A total of 217 participants completed the questionnaires measuring their level of emotional intelligence, surface acting, deep acting, and emotional exhaustion. The results indicated that emotional intelligence had a positive impact on surface acting and a negative impact on deep acting. Furthermore, a negative link between surface acting and emotional exhaustion was found, whereas no significant link was displayed between deep acting and emotional exhaustion. The results also revealed that different types of emotional labor fitness employees utilize can impact various employee well-being outcomes. In addition, emotional intelligence was found to play an important role in selecting health-detrimental strategy of surface acting among fitness employees.
Brief Amici Curiae of 118 Law, Economics, and Business Professors and the American Antitrust Institute in Support of Petitioners

In FTC v. Actavis, the Supreme Court held that a brand payment to a generic to delay entering the market could have "significant anticompetitive effects" and violate the antitrust laws. In a narrow, formalistic ruling, the court in In re Loestrin held that such payments were limited to cash. On behalf of 70 professors and the American Antitrust Institute, this First Circuit amicus brief urges reversal.First, the brief argues that “payment” under Actavis is not limited to cash. It notes that the Actavis case itself did not involve the payment of straight cash, that antitrust scrutiny focuses on substance rather than form, and that it makes no sense to affirm the lower court’s “vexing” conclusion that limits antitrust scrutiny to cash payments.Second, the brief contends that the lower court applied an inappropriate antitrust framework, using five considerations that Actavis had employed to show that the policy in favor of settlement should not immunize exclusion-payment agreements. In contrast, the lower court used the “factors” to block plaintiffs from proving their cases, imposing the hurdle of calculating a “true value,” and finding that in the absence of such proof, plaintiffs would not be able to show anticompetitive effects, unjustified payments, market power, patent weakness, or the “basic reason” for settlement.Third, the lower court erred in disregarding three essential holdings from Actavis, which addressed (1) the public policy in favor of settlement, (2) parties’ inability to settle cases without exclusion payments, and (3) the burdens imposed on plaintiffs.The lower court conceded that it “is of relatively little import whether a payment for delay is made in the form of cash or some other form of consideration” since either scenario would allow a brand firm to “pay a would-be generic competitor to stay out of the market” and threaten “significant adverse effects on competition.” The court also lamented that its ruling would allow the settling parties to “evade Sherman Act scrutiny” as long as they “take the obvious cue to structure their settlements in ways that avoid cash payments.”This brief concludes that the court was correct that exclusion-payment settlements have significant anticompetitive effects and that its formalistic ruling would lead to evasion. But it failed to realize that such an unfortunate outcome was the result of its own creation, in contradiction of Actavis and ordinary pleading rules. Because affirmance of this ruling would render the landmark Actavis decision a dead letter, the brief urges the First Circuit not to follow such an ill-advised path.
Response to a Plea for Psychometric Rigor

To the Editor: We recognize that psychometric rigor is needed in educational assessment, and respect Dr. Peeters’ and Dr. Hayes’ feedback and comments regarding the psychometric reliability of the multiple mini-interview (MMI) utilized in our study. Although not reported in our study, inter-
Spectrally formulated user-defined element in conventional finite element environment for wave motion analysis in 2-D composite structures

AbstractWave propagation analysis in 2-D composite structures is performed efficiently and accurately through the formulation of a User-Defined Element (UEL) based on the wavelet spectral finite element (WSFE) method. The WSFE method is based on the first-order shear deformation theory which yields accurate results for wave motion at high frequencies. The 2-D WSFE model is highly efficient computationally and provides a direct relationship between system input and output in the frequency domain. The UEL is formulated and implemented in Abaqus (commercial finite element software) for wave propagation analysis in 2-D composite structures with complexities. Frequency domain formulation of WSFE leads to complex valued parameters, which are decoupled into real and imaginary parts and presented to Abaqus as real values. The final solution is obtained by forming a complex value using the real number solutions given by Abaqus. Five numerical examples are presented in this article, namely undamaged plate, impacted...
Influence of omega-3 fatty acids on bovine luteal cell plasma membrane dynamics.

Abstract Fish oil is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids which disrupt lipid microdomain structure and affect mobility of the prostaglandin F 2α (FP) receptor in bovine luteal cells. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of individual omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on 1) membrane fatty acid composition, 2) lipid microdomain structure, and 3) lateral mobility of the FP receptor in bovine luteal cells. Ovaries were collected from a local abattoir (n = 5/experiment). The corpus luteum was resected and enzymatically digested using collagenase to generate a mixed luteal cell population. In all experiments, luteal cells were treated with 0, 1, 10 or 100 μM EPA or DHA for 72 h to allow incorporation of fatty acids into membrane lipids. Results from experiment 1 show that culturing luteal cells in the presence of EPA or DHA increased these luteal fatty acids. In experiment 2, both EPA and DHA increased spatial distribution of lipid microdomains in a dose-dependent manner. Single particle tracking results from experiment 3 show that increasing both EPA and DHA concentrations increased micro- and macro-diffusion coefficients, increased domain size, and decreased residence time of FP receptors. Collectively, results from this study demonstrate similar effects of EPA and DHA on lipid microdomain structure and lateral mobility of FP receptors in cultured bovine luteal cells. Moreover, only 10 μM of either fatty acid was needed to mimic the effects of fish oil.
Parental anxiety among children undergoing cardiac catheterisation.

Background Parents may experience anxiety and stress when their children undergo cardiac catheterisation. The goal of this study was to assess the level of anxiety in parents of children undergoing cardiac catheterisation and to identify factors that were associated with level of anxiety. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey of parents of children who underwent cardiac catheterisation. Anxiety levels were measured using a validated self-report questionnaire – State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, which generates state anxiety scores on the current state of anxiety and trait anxiety scores on the stable aspects of anxiety proneness. One sample t-test was used to compare the data with normative data. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the factors associated with the state score. Results A total of 113 parents completed the survey. The mean age of parents was 34.0±7.7 years and the mean age of children undergoing catheterisation was 6.7±5.7 years. Compared with normative data, mean state score was significantly higher in our cohort (p<0.05) despite no difference in the trait score. Final multivariate model showed that the state score was significantly associated with child age group (<1 year [coefficient β 7.2] and 10–18 years [6.3], compared to 1 to <10 years of age [reference]) and history of previous catheterisation (−5.2) (p<0.05). Conclusions Concurrent state anxiety level was high among parents of children undergoing cardiac catheterisation, whereas trait anxiety level was not. Higher anxiety was experienced by parents of infants and adolescents without a history of previous catheterisation.
200 Years of Ricardian Theory: The Missing Dynamics

In recent years, trade economists have started to incorporate dynamics in international trade models, using frameworks that are at their core Ricardian. Using a quantitative model to estimate the effect of dynamic knowledge innovation, I argue that reducing trade barriers leads to large gains from trade as a result of these dynamics. I illustrate these effects with a quantification of the impact of trade barrier reduction between Latin American countries. Productivity levels and their distribution in space are estimated to be much greater when including the dynamic effects that result from the trade liberalization.
Antibodies Can Extenuate Polyomavirus Infections.

We read the article “Neutralizing antibody-mediated response and risk of BK virus–associated nephropathy” by Solis et al. [1][1] with great interest. Although a cell-mediated immune response is crucial for overcoming and clearing polyoma-BK virus infections and polyoma virus nephropathy (PVN
The Effectiveness of Osteoporosis Screening and Treatment in the Midwest.

Introduction:With osteoporosis on the rise across the United States, the goal of this prospective study is to determine the effectiveness of our Midwest level-1 trauma center in diagnosing, treatin...
Human performance modelling for image analyst decision support design

The critical element in human in the loop military systems, image analysts must make decisions quickly. Improving analyst performance remains a priority of military leadership. This model, and previous findings of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) human in the loop experiments were used to design and test a decision support system (DSS) for analysing electro-optical (EO) and SAR images. Cognitive task analysis was used to develop an operator function model of the analyst classification task. Findings indicate that a DSS increased decision confidence and time. Interestingly, analyst trust is higher when employed in the analysis of EO images, yet aided performance was more accurate on SAR images. As uncovered through human performance modelling, analyst accuracy, confidence and time aided by a trusted DSS is crucial to analyst performance. These results suggest while the developed DSS improved analyst confidence and accuracy, it did not do so while concurrently decreasing task time.
Structure and Regulated Expression of Bovine Prolactin and Bovine Growth Hormone Genes

Prolactin and growth hormone are members of a gene family which has been extensively studied during the past several years (Miller and Eberhardt, 1983). Along with the gonadotropins, the members of this gene family are primarily expressed in the anterior pituitary. The expression of these genes and their corresponding regulatory factors has been of interest from the perspective of differential regulation during developmental stages, hormonal effects on gene expression, and the possibility of expression at ectopic sites other than the pituitary (Gluckman et al., 1981). Studies described in this manuscript are restricted to the growth hormone and prolactin genes and more specifically to aspects of gene structure which influence the level of their respective mRNAs.
Exchange Rate Fluctuations and Disaggregated Economic Activity in the US: Theory and Evidence

We examine the extent to which exchange rate fluctuations affect the US sectoral output and price. The evidence indicates that the expansionary and contractionary effects cancel out in determining industrial real output growth in the face of exchange rate fluctuations. More importantly, there is evidence of a reduction in price inflation in several industries, which is statistically significant in Finance, in response to dollar appreciation. This evidence is consistent with the reduction in aggregate demand through the decline in net exports and the increase in aggregate supply through the reduction in the cost of imported intermediate goods.
Increasing Robot Autonomy Effectively Using the Science of Teams

Even as future robots grow in intelligence and autonomy, they may continue to face uncertainty in their decision making and sensing. A critical issue, then, is designing future robots so that humans can work with them collaboratively, thereby creating effective human-robot teams. Operators of robot systems can mitigate the problems of robot uncertainty by maintaining awareness of the relevant elements within the mission and their interrelationships, a cognitive state known as situation awareness (SA). However, as evidenced in other complex systems, such as aircraft, this is a difficult task for humans. In this paper, we consider how application of the science of human teaming, specifically task design and task interdependence in human teams, can be applied to human-robot teams and how it may improve human-robot interaction by maximizing situation awareness and performance of the human team member.
Challenges to the Evolutionary Synthesis

This chapter offers a perspective on some current disputes regarding the nature and value of the evolutionary synthesis and the theoretical foundations of evolutionary theory.* I agree with Depew and Weber’s characterization: the synthetic theory of evolution is not mainly a predictive or retrodictive theory, but a treaty favoring work within the confines of a particular research program. In other words, the synthetic theory is better viewed as a supratheoretical framework—a hypertheory in the terminology of Wasserman (1981), or a metatheory serving as the generic core of an interconnected structure of subtheories in the terminology of Tuomi (1981) (see also Caplan, 1978). From just the synthetic theory plus suitable boundary conditions, one cannot derive claims about major patterns in the paleontological record, the causes or patterns of speciation, the importance of speciation (in contrast to other factors) in the dynamics of evolution, the evolutionary importance of sex, the evolutionary grounds for alternative life history strategies, and so on. Historically, the synthesis offered a modus vivendi that allowed theorists, experimentalists, and field naturalists coming from different disciplines to work together on various problems from within a common framework.
Design of a micro-nuclear-mechanical system for strain measurement

Abstract Mechanical strain gauges are frequently used in real-time load sensing for applications including failure analysis and machine maintenance. To address the dependence of an analog electrical signal for conventional strain gauge operation, a strain-sensitive neutron source is considered in this work. Such a device utilizes the short range of americium-241 α particles to interact in a beryllium target, producing neutrons. Applying strain to the device alters the source-target geometry, resulting in variation of neutron output. Several micro-nuclear-mechanical systems are considered. It is found that linear amplification is required to measure deformation below 1000 μ -strain. The most successful designs utilized chevron-style linear motion amplification, and gave a relative neutron output of 1.37 at 1000 μ -strain in tension, 0.73 at 1000 μ -strain in compression. Absolute neutron output at zero strain was determined to be about 3500 neutrons per second for this design.
The superficial and deep inferior epigastric artery composite perforator flap for breast reconstruction: A case report.

The superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flap and the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap have been increasingly adopted for breast reconstruction; however, each have its own set of advantages and disadvantages. In the select subset of patients that cannot tolerate minimal abdominal fasciotomy that occurs with DIEP harvest and do not have adequate pedicle length that often occurs after SIEA harvest, we suggest another option for abdominally-based free flap breast reconstruction. Here, we describe the formation of a composite perforator based on the pedicle of the retro-rectus deep inferior epigastric vessels and the superficial inferior epigastric vessels, known as a superficial and deep inferior epigastric artery (SADIE) flap, which allows for a more compatible anastomotic size match than the SIEA and elongation of the vascular pedicle with minimal dissection of the anterior rectus fascia. Our patient is a 36 year-old female (BMI = 24) with a history of breast cancer who subsequently underwent skin-sparing mastectomy with tissue expander, chemotherapy, and eventual superior and deep inferior epigastric artery (SADIE) composite flap. The patient had an uncomplicated postoperative course at 6-month follow-up with excellent cosmesis. This modification in surgical technique has not been previously described in the literature and represents a suitable option for those desiring breast reconstruction, but have short pedicle length at harvest and cannot tolerate abdominal fasciotomy.
Amelia M. Watson’s Photographs

In 1915, the illustrator, photographer, and painter Amelia M. Watson, inspired by her fascination with the transatlantic actress, writer, and social historian Fanny Kemble’s memoir Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantation (1864), traveled with two female companions to the remains of Kemble’s plantation located on St. Simons Island off the coast of Georgia. Once there she took a stunning series of photographs of the plantation house, the surrounding landscape, and the descendants of the original enslaved people who lived there. In this chapter I explore what I call Amelia Watson’s “plantation tourism,” investigating the overlapping and contradictory narratives of sympathy, voyeurism, and aesthetic practice present in the interplay between Watson’s images, the texts that accompany her photographs, and the original narratives the images were meant to illustrate. Watson’s projects consciously and unconsciously reinforce the ideology of white supremacy, while at the same time specific photographs, particularly of female subjects, recreate and reimagine the haunting realities of the past, potentially providing a more progressive narrative of survival and renewal through their presence.
A phase II study of bevacizumab (Bev) and temsirolimus (Tem) in VEGF-refractory metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

4570 Background: Inhibiting VEGF and mTOR pathways are standard treatment approaches for patients (pts) with mRCC. Combinations of these agents have potential to improve efficacy. Here we report th...
Socrates as Public Philosopher: A Model of Informed Democratic Engagement

In the Apology, Plato’s Socrates tells the Athenian jurors that he has spent his life trying to persuade his fellow citizens “not to care for any of his belongings before caring that he himself sho...
A Security Assessment for Consumer WiFi Drones

Small-scale unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become an increased presence in recent years due to their decreasing price and ease of use. Similarly, ways to detect drones through easily accessible programs like WireShark have raised more potential threats, including an increase in ease of jamming and spoofing drones utilizing commercially of the shelf (COTS) equipment like software defined radio (SDR). Given these advancements, an active area of research is drone security. Recent research has focused on using a HackRF SDR to perform eavesdropping or jamming attacks; however, most have failed to show a proposed remediation. Similarly, many research papers show post analysis of communications, but seem to lack a conclusive demonstration of command manipulation. Our security assessment shows clear steps in the manipulation of a WiFi drone using the aircrack-ng suite without the need for additional equipment like a SDR. This shows that anyone with access to a computer could potentially take down a drone. Alarmingly, we found that the COTS WiFi drone in our experiment still lacked the simple security measure of a password, and were very easily able to take over the drone in a deauthorization attack. We include a proposed remediation to mitigate the preformed attack and assess the entire process using the STRIDE and DREAD models. In doing so, we demonstrate a full attack process and provide a resolution to said attack.
Big Four Public Client Portfolios: Is the Risk Dispersed?

We examine the Big Four public client portfolios to determine if there appears to be homogeneity of business risk — an overall firm risk of loss arising from accepted clients — across the four accounting firms’ public company portfolios. If a varying risk profile exists among the firms, then the potential for another “Enron” event resulting in a failing firm may be more likely. Using the Audit Analytics’ proprietary Accounting Quality and Risk Matrix data for almost 4,200 clients, our results find statistical support for one of the Big Four being dissimilar than the others due to its existing long-term client base and its more recent client acquisitions. This result is consistent with one firm taking a unique risk profile relative to the other large firms. This provides a cautionary note to regulators and investors as any further reduction in the Big Four may have a significant negative impact on the capital markets assurance function.
Children’s Human Rights as a Buffer to Extremism: A Clinical Sociology Framework

Increased demographic diversity has contributed to an increase of violent extremist attitudes and actions among young people worldwide. Human rights education and rights implementation in schools are offered as an antidote to extremism. A clinical sociological approach allows for the incorporation of a rights-respecting framework at the macro, meso and micro levels. Youth extremism is viewed along a spectrum with multiple points of intervention that can be employed to avoid extremism. Traditional emphasis has been focused at the individual level of intervention. The framework proposed here explores interventions of role-modeling at the micro level, community climate at the macro level, and schools at the meso level where individual and small groups interface with larger organizational and structural dynamics. This chapter embraces a partnership, multidisciplinary approach, with emphasis upon the importance of the macro-level interventions. Structural dynamics and community climate can be key in countering violent extremism in young people.
Native Americans and Science: Enhancing Participation of Native Americans in the Science and Technology Workforce through Culturally Responsive Science Education

A major issue that directly affects the participation of Native Americans in the science and technology workforce is the lack of preparation in science and math. This lack of preparation has many causes, but one of the most strategically important issues is the lack of culturally relevant curricula that engage Native American students in learning science in personal, social and culturally meaningful ways. This essay explores the needs, issues, research, and development of culturally responsive science education for Native American learners. A curriculum model created by the author at the Institute of American Indian Arts in Santa Fe, New Mexico, from 1974 to 1994 based on Native American cultural orientations is explored as a case study as one example of how to engage Native American students in science learning and become more prepared to participate in science and technology-related professions. As such, it presents a methodology for how trans-systemic work might be approached in building conceptual bridges between Indigenous and Western views of science.
Weakly Supervised Spatial Deep Learning based on Imperfect Vector Labels with Registration Errors

This paper studies weakly supervised learning on spatial raster data based on imperfect vector training labels. Given raster feature imagery and imperfect (weak) vector labels with location registration errors, our goal is to learn a deep learning model for pixel classification and refine vector labels simultaneously. The problem is important in many geoscience applications such as streamline delineation and road mapping from earth imagery, where annotating imperfect coarse vector labels is far more efficient than drawing precise labels. But the problem is challenging due to the misalignment of vector labels with raster feature pixels and the need to infer true vector label location while learning neural network parameters. Existing works on weakly supervised learning often focus on noise and errors in label semantics, assuming label locations to be either correct or irrelevant (e.g., identical and independently distributed). A few works exist on label registration errors, but these methods often focus on label misalignment on object segment boundaries at the pixel level without guaranteeing vector continuity. To fill the gap, this paper proposes a spatial learning framework based on Expectation-Maximization that iteratively updates deep neural network parameters while inferring true vector label locations. Specifically, inference of true vector locations is based on both the current pixel class predictions and the geometric properties of vectors. Evaluations on real-world high-resolution remote sensing datasets in National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) refinement show that the proposed framework outperforms baseline methods in classification accuracy and refined vector quality.
Chapter 12 Internal migration in developed countries

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the concept of migration, selected facts about internal migration in developed countries, and the determinants of migration. In most advanced societies, inter-regional migration is a major mechanism through which labor resources are redistributed geographically, in response to changing economic and demographic forces. The determinants of migration are the factors that affect migration—including characteristics both of places and of persons and their families—while consequences of migration refer both to the performance of migrants in their new locations relative to a benchmark, such as their presumed performance in their former place of residence had they not moved and to the impacts that migrants have on others in sending and receiving areas. The human capital model provides a powerful analytical tool for the study of numerous important issues in labor economics, but this model does not provide a comparably powerful explanation of migration.
Role of spontaneous abortion in Rh immunization.

of the globe, the head, and where possible, the whole body were performed. The specimens were further utilized for detailed histologic and histochemical studies.5 Measurement of the eye can be very precise using a needle compass. The most remote points at the outer rim of the pigment of the eye should be measured up to the fourth month of gestation; later, the largest diameter at the equator of the globe is required. Enucleation of the globe in older fetuses can be easily performed without mutilation of the lids. Age of gestation was estimated from the history of the last menstruation period and correlated to the histologic findings in the developmental eye according to Mann and Streeter.3j * The microscopic findings, including development of the lens, the ciliary body, ciliary processes and spaces, and the shape of the anterior chamber and pars plana were used in the study for the developmental classification of each specimen.5 Systemic comparison and measurements of specimens were classified (Table I). Our experience in the histologic and histochemical study of 138 eyes demonstrates a constant relationship of the size of the eyes to the age of embryo and fetus. In comparison to other organs, the development of the eye is very stable and is subject to very few individual variations4 The eyes are also convenient for ascertaining fetal age, because they are intact in about 80 per cent of cases of spontaneous or induced abortion, due to the fact that the sclera serves as a protective barrier for the entire globe from early embryonic
Legal Research and Legal Concepts: Where Form Molds Substance

When Christopher Columbus Langdell stated that the library was the laboratory of the law and that law books were the "stuff" of legal research he was stating a proposition that was not only descriptive but prescriptive.' From the late nineteenth century, the development of the American legal system can be seen as a history of the development of forms of legal publication. This history poses the question whether the forms of publication have been mere vehicles for the transmission of legal knowledge, or important influences in the development of that knowledge. This Essay has two purposes. First, I will examine the suggestion that the form in which law has been conceptualized was strongly influenced by the form in which it was published. Second, I will explore the impact that current technological innovations in legal research may have on the way legal problems and legal structures will be conceptualized in the future.