cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Drug resistance surveillance of the first Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria on children in Chongqing region in 2000-2004

Objective To understand the drug resistance tendency of the first Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria separated from clinical samples on children in Chongqing region in 2000-2004 and instruct clinical rational use antibiotic.Method Dissociating and cultivanting of bacterium with routine method,a total of 2 854 pieces of clinical dissociating of the first Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria were identified and undertaked susceptibility test were tested by American Microscan WalkAway-40 in 2000-2004.Results Detecting of the first Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria were Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus respectively in 2000-2004.The front fifth Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria were 5777 and 1565 respectively in 2000-2004,among Escherichia coli were 2090,Staphylococcus aureus were 764,which accouted for 36.2% and 48.8% respectively.The rate of drug resistance of Escherichia coli to ampicillin,cefepime,cefoxitin,gentamicin,imipenem,ciprofloxacin,cefotaxim and ceftazidime were 80.9%,37.5%,15.4%,54.0%,0.8%,34.0%,46.6% and 46.2% respectively.The rate of drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin,erythromycin,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,vancomycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid were 95.6%,63.4%,5.8%,0% and 11.0%,respectively.Conclusions To surveillance of clinical bacterial resistance discoveried that:the resistance rate of Escherichia coli didn′t change greatly.The resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus were descending tendency,the clinical doctors should be noticed.
Pharmacist salaries and hiring practices in teaching hospitals

A survey of selected teaching hospitals was conducted in early 1990 to determine salary ranges for pharmacist positions, salaries at which pharmacists were typically hired for these positions, differences in salary between clinical practitioner and managerial positions, and geographic differences in these salaries. Surveys were mailed to 50 members of the University Hospital Consortium (UHC) and 50 other university-affiliated and non-university-affiliated hospitals believed to be comparable to the investigators' hospital. Hospital capacity and census data, numbers of pharmacist and support staff positions, qualifications preferred and required for those positions, and salary information were requested. Data from 22 UHC hospitals and 23 non-UHC hospitals were evaluated. Relative to average daily census, UHC hospitals indicated higher pharmacist staffing levels and non-UHC hospitals reported higher support staff levels. More non-UHC hospitals than UHC hospitals (69.2% versus 43.5%) used an integrated model for delivery of clinical and distributive services. Nationally, the reported annual salaries were as follows: staff pharmacist, $34,881 to $47,906; clinical pharmacist, $37,768 to $51,564; clinical specialist, $38,905 to $55,282; supervisor, $39,905 to $54,416; assistant director, $43,554 to $58,758. Overall, typical hire rates (THRs) exceeded mean minimum salaries by about 10%. The percentages by which THRs exceeded mean minimum salaries were greatest in the West for staff pharmacist, clinical pharmacist, and clinical specialist positions and greatest in the Midwest for supervisor and assistant director positions. THRs for supervisors and assistant directors exceeded those for clinical specialists. Respondents' preferences varied regarding advanced education and training, and their actual requirements did not match their stated preferences.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Regulation of bombesin receptors on pancreatic acini by cholecystokinin

When guinea pig pancreatic acini are first incubated with the COOH-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-8), washed, and then reincubated with 125I-[Tyr4]bombesin (125I-[Tyr4]BN) there is a significant decrease in binding of 125I-[Tyr4]BN compared with that observed with pancreatic acini that have been first incubated with no additions. The CCK-8-induced decrease in binding is maximal after 90 min of first incubation is abolished by reducing the temperature of the first incubation from 37 to 4 degrees C or by adding L364,718 to the first incubation and cannot be reproduced by first incubating acini with A23187, 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8Br-cAMP), 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8Br-cGMP), or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate. 125I-[Tyr4]BN interacts with a single class of receptors on pancreatic acini, and first incubating acini with CCK-8 decreases the affinity of BN receptors for BN with no change in the maximal binding capacity. CCK-8 does not alter the rate at which bound 125I-[Tyr4]BN dissociates from pancreatic acini; therefore, CCK-8 must alter the rate at which the radiolabeled BN analogue associates with its receptor. Pancreatic acini possess two classes of CCK receptors: one has a high affinity for CCK-8; the other has a low affinity for CCK-8. The dose-response curve for CCK-8-induced inhibition of binding of 125I-[Tyr4]BN appears to to reflect occupation of low-affinity CCK receptors by CCK-8.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The expected shortest path problem: algorithms and experiments

In this project, we designed, implemented, and tested algorithms for the Expected Shortest Path problem. The problem can be stated as follows: given a weighted, directed graph whose edges can only be traversed with given probabilities, find the path with the shortest expected length from a given start node to a given goal node. This problem is at the center of our vision-guided mobile robot project, where the robot has to navigate the probabilistic graph defined by visibilities between landmarks. Applications of the expected shortest path problem include route planning given known traffic conditions, as well as similar decision problems in the presence of uncertainty.
Burma's historic elections

This guest editorial looks at Burma's national elections that have the promise of radically changing Burma's government after over half a century of military rule.
Realities of mobile learning technologies in foreign language classes

While it is common to assume that our current undergraduates are digital native who are naturally proficient and expect the use of technology, the research base that supports those assumptions is limited. This is especially true of students in foreign language classes. Much of the national research that has been conducted has not focused on specific subsets of students. It is important to address this paucity of research, as instructors, textbook publishers, and other stakeholders must make informed decisions regarding the design and development of curriculum and instructional materials. This article reports a study conducted in exploration of the ownership and use of mobile devices by students in foreign language courses. The study used survey methodology and focus group protocols to investigate what technological devices students have and use for personal and academic activities. Salient findings include the reaffirmation of the need to maintain appropriate pedagogy in light of the latest and greatest technological developments, distinctions between the use of technology for content consumption versus content production, and a distinct preference for a separation between personal and academic activities among digital natives.
Hypersensitivity reactions to human insulin analogs in insulin-naïve patients: a systematic review.

Objective:The objective of this study was to raise awareness of hypersensitivity reactions to human insulin analogs (HIAs) in insulin-naive patients and encourage consistent and detailed reporting ...
Drug Approval in a Learning Health System

The current system of FDA approval seems to make few happy. Some argue FDA approves drugs too slowly; others too quickly. Many agree that FDA — and the health system generally — should gather information after drugs are approved to learn how well they work and how safe they are. This is hard to do. FDA has its own surveillance systems, but those systems face substantial limitations in practical use. Drug companies can also conduct their own studies, but have little incentive to do so, and often fail to fulfil study commitments made to FDA. Proposals to improve this dynamic often suggest gathering more information after approval in various ways and incorporating that information into FDA’s decision-making process, making the information/access tradeoff more nuanced than a sharp binary at approval. The drug approval regime has already begun to move in this direction. In this Essay I describe parallels between this move and the move to a learning health system more broadly, which blurs the line between health care and health research. A learning health system creates opportunities for broad postapproval studies, both observational and interventional, with lower costs and more systematic applicability than traditional mechanisms. FDA itself has recognized some of these possibilities, especially in its actions to consider uses of real-world evidence as mandated by the 21st Century Cures Act. Unfortunately, while learning health systems blur the line between care and research, some parts of the law do not — at least not yet. In particular, the federal Common Rule requires relatively elaborate informed consent procedures for research, and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)’s Privacy Rule tightly limits the use of identifiable patient information in research. These unblurred lines fail to reflect the evolving nature of the health-care system, and both hamper and bias the generation of systematic, generalizable knowledge to improve the use of drugs and other medical interventions in patient care.
Artificial neural networks on reconfigurable meshes

Artificial neural networks(ANN) have been used successfully in applications such as pattern recognition, image processing, automation and control. Majority of today's applications use backpropagate feedforward ANN. In this paper, two methods of P pattern L layer ANN learning on n x n RMESH have been presented. One required memory space of O(nL) but conceptually is simpler to develop and the other uses pipelined approach which reduces the memory requirement to O(L). Both of these algorithms take O(PL) time and are optimal for RMESH architecture.
Modification of the Melbourne Method for Total Calvarial Vault Remodeling.

Background: Sagittal synostosis is the most common form of single suture synostosis. It often results in characteristic calvarial deformities, including a long, narrow head, frontal bossing, a bullet-shaped occiput, and an anteriorly placed vertex. Several methods for correcting the phenotypic deformities have been described, each with their own advantages and challenges. In this study, we describe a modification of the Melbourne method of total calvarial remodeling for correcting scaphocephaly. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of all consecutive patients who underwent total calvarial remodeling using a modified version of the Melbourne technique from 2011 to 2015. We evaluated clinical photographs, computed tomographic imaging, and cephalic indices both pre- and postoperatively to determine morphologic changes after operation. Results: A total of 9 patients underwent the modified Melbourne technique for calvarial vault remodeling during the study period. Intraoperative blood loss was 260 mL (range, 80-400 mL), and mean intraoperative transfusion was 232 mL (range, 0-360 mL). The average length of stay in the hospital was 3.9 days. The mean cephalic indices increased from 0.66 to 0.74 postoperatively (P < 0.01). Conclusions: A modified Melbourne method for calvarial vault reconstruction addresses the phenotypic aspects of severe scaphocephaly associated with isolated sagittal synostosis and maintains a homeotopic relationship across the calvaria. It is associated with shorter operative times, lower blood loss, and lower transfusion requirements.
DYNAMIC INCLUSION ANALYSES OF LATERAL PIEZORESISTANCE GAUGES UNDER SHOCK WAVE LOADING

The response of lateral piezoresistance gauges to shock wave uniaxial strain loading has been analyzed in detail with dynamic finite element calculations. Three representative calculations, corresponding to experiments, have examined ytterbium lateral gauge response in fused silica and alumina matrices shocked to 3 kbar matrix lateral stress, using different gauge emplacement methods. These calculations showed that the matrix material and emplacement method affect the measured resistance change. These effects are closely related to the stress and strain distributions, in and around the gauge, depending strongly on gauge plasticity, gauge and matrix material properties, and emplacement method. A summary of these effects is presented. A more detailed discussion of these analyses will be published at a later date.
Equipment Maintenance and Repair

Field maintenance consists of regularly scheduled lubrication, fueling, inspection and adjustments, preventive repair, and system analysis performed in the field.
Values, Attitudes, and Ideologies: Explicit and Implicit Constructs Shaping Perception and Action

Human perceptions are vital cognitive-emotional constructs for understanding belief, judgment and action. This chapter explores how beliefs – values, attitudes, and ideologies – are reciprocally influenced by social structure, as well as how and when these constructs influence situated behavior. We pay particular attention to the recent surge of research on implicit beliefs, vital for a social psychological understanding of the socialized actor.
Trading a Confession for a Search: A Proposal to Deter Texting While Driving and Warrantless Cell Phone Searches

Dozens of state legislatures have recently criminalized texting while driving. Unfortunately, these statutes are deeply flawed because they are under-inclusive, ambiguous, and impose punishments so light that they are unlikely to deter drivers. At the same time, by criminalizing texting while driving, legislatures have empowered police to conduct warrantless searches of drivers’ cell phones under the Fourth Amendment’s search incident to arrest and automobile exceptions. The disconnect is stark: For a crime that carries a $20 fine in some states, police are free to search a driver’s text messages, emails, internet browsing history, facebook account, photos, and countless other applications without a warrant. Because texting while driving is just as dangerous as drunk driving, it should be seriously punished with stiff fines, possible jail time, license suspensions, and interlock devices that block recidivists’ phones from texting while driving. More severe punishment alone will not solve the problem however and it will do nothing to eliminate police authority to conduct warrantless cell phone searches. This article therefore proposes that legislatures adopt an exchange approach rarely utilized in the criminal justice system. Drivers stopped for texting while driving should be given the opportunity to immediately confess to texting while driving in exchange for avoiding a search of their phones. Allowing suspects to exchange a confession for a search will encourage them to plead guilty more often and more quickly, thus enhancing general deterrence. The exchange will also reduce invasive, warrantless cell phone searches that are currently authorized under the Fourth Amendment.
The national burden of periprosthetic hip fractures in the US: costs and risk factors for hospital readmission.

Introduction:Periprosthetic hip fractures (PPFX) are serious complications that result in increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Decreasing hospital readmissions has been a recent hea...
Medicinal Plants, Human Ecology and Biochemical Ecology

A theoretical basis is provided for the main findings, drawing from human ecology and biological ecology. Highland Maya overwhelmingly favor human modified environments for medicinal plants. Explanatory factors related to human ecology are discussed. Medicinal plants need to be abundant and accessible and plants that are close by are preferred. A medicinal flora also needs to be efficacious and biologically active. Ecological and biochemical theories and findings in relation to distribution and concentration of plant secondary compounds explain why plants from disturbed areas would tend to be more bioactive.
Reducing Idle Power Consumption in High Performance Systems

Although high-performance computing has always been about efficient application execution, both energy and power consumption have become critical concerns owing to their effect on operating costs and failure rates of large-scale computing platforms. Modern processors provide techniques such as Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) and Clock Modulation (Throttling), which modify their performance and power consumption to reduce the dynamic power consumption. Furthermore, with the continual reduction in semiconductor feature size, the idle power consumption will be dominating the dynamic power consumption in the foreseeable future. In this work, a runtime monitoring method is proposed to reduce the idle power consumption of compute nodes in a cluster based on their current utilization. Experiments performed on the clusters tested depict that the proposed method enable energy savings of up to 87%.
Synergizing the Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Research Streams: Over a Decade of Progress with New Challenges on the Horizon

Over the past two decades, the convergence of artificial intelligence and decision support technologies has driven individual, team, and organizational computing research and practice in exciting new directions. In 1992, Goul, et al. examined the patterns of a decade of progress and developed propositions regarding the direction and impact of intelligent decision support systems. A decade later, the propositions from 1992 have proven an insightful roadmap for breakthroughs in the individual, team, and organizational streams of intelligent decision support research. In this chapter, we reflect on the patterns of progress over the last ten years, compare them with the propositions put forth in 1992, and offer new perspectives based on an emerging stream in the literature base: intelligent interorganizational decision support. Interorganizational support represents the next generation of intelligent decision support, and the new domain brings with it new challenges and opportunities. We look to patterns in both the maturing streams of individual, team, and organizational intelligent decision support, as well as those emerging in the new interorganizational stream, to propose direction for and identify significant challenges to be addressed in future work as intelligent decision support research enters its third decade.
Site-specific analysis of the Asp- and Glu-ADP-ribosylated proteome by quantitative mass spectrometry

ADP-ribosylation is a protein post-translational modification that is critically involved in a wide array of biological processes connected to cell stress responses. Enzymes known as poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs) catalyze the addition of the ADP-ribose units to amino acids with various side chain chemistries. In particular, the PARP family member PARP1 is responsible for the modification of a large number of proteins and is involved in initiation of the DNA damage response, although the mechanisms through which PARP1 functions are still incompletely understood. The analysis of protein ADP-ribosylation is challenging because PARylation is a low-abundance, labile and heterogeneous protein modification. Recently, we developed an integrative proteomic platform for the site-specific analysis of protein ADP-ribosylation on Asp and Glu residues. Herein, we describe the method, and demonstrate its utility in quantitative characterization of the human Asp- and Glu-ADP-ribosylated proteome.
Developing a 3D composite training model for cranial remodeling

Objective Craniosynostosis correction, including cranial vault remodeling, fronto-orbital advancement (FOA), and endoscopic suturectomy, requires practical experience with complex anatomy and tools. The infrequent exposure to complex neurosurgical procedures such as these during residency limits extraoperative training. Lack of cadaveric teaching tools given the pediatric nature of synostosis compounds this challenge. The authors sought to create lifelike 3D printed models based on actual cases of craniosynostosis in infants and incorporate them into a practical course for endoscopic and open correction. The authors hypothesized that this training tool would increase extraoperative facility and familiarity with cranial vault reconstruction to better prepare surgeons for in vivo procedures. Methods The authors utilized representative craniosynostosis patient scans to create 3D printed models of the calvaria, soft tissues, and cranial contents. Two annual courses implementing these models were held, and surveys were completed by participants (n = 18, 5 attending physicians, 4 fellows, 9 residents) on the day of the course. These participants were surveyed during the course and 1 year later to assess the impact of this training tool. A comparable cohort of trainees who did not participate in the course (n = 11) was also surveyed at the time of the 1-year follow-up to assess their preparation and confidence with performing craniosynostosis surgeries. Results An iterative process using multiple materials and the various printing parameters was used to create representative models. Participants performed all major surgical steps, and we quantified the fidelity and utility of the model through surveys. All attendees reported that the model was a valuable training tool for open reconstruction (n = 18/18 [100%]) and endoscopic suturectomy (n = 17/18 [94%]). In the first year, 83% of course participants (n = 14/17) agreed or strongly agreed that the skin and bone materials were realistic and appropriately detailed; the second year, 100% (n = 16/16) agreed or strongly agreed that the skin material was realistic and appropriately detailed, and 88% (n = 14/16) agreed or strongly agreed that the bone material was realistic and appropriately detailed. All participants responded that they would use the models for their own personal training and the training of residents and fellows in their programs. Conclusions The authors have developed realistic 3D printed models of craniosynostosis including soft tissues that allow for surgical practice simulation. The use of these models in surgical simulation provides a level of preparedness that exceeds what currently exists through traditional resident training experience. Employing practical modules using such models as part of a standardized resident curriculum is a logical evolution in neurosurgical education and training.
Comply, Embrace, Cope, Countercrusade, Subvert: Teach For America Corps Members Respond to (Internal) and External Mandates

In this empirical, qualitative study, Teach For America (TFA) corps member teachers’ lives are examined through the lens of George Posner’s seven “frame factors,” namely, (a) temporal, (b) physical...
Quantitative phase imaging of stromal prognostic markers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

New quantitative prognostic markers are needed for improved pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) prognosis. Second harmonic generation microscopy has been used to show that collagen fiber alignment in PDAC is a negative prognostic factor. In this work, a series of PDAC and normal adjacent tissue (NAT) biopsies were imaged with spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM). Quantitative analysis performed on the biopsy SLIM images show that PDAC fiber structures have lower alignment per unit length, narrower width, and are longer than NAT controls. Importantly, fibrillar collagen in PDAC shows an inverse relationship between survival data and fiber width and length (p < 0.05).
Polarization-resolved Er emission in Er doped GaN bulk crystals

Erbium-doped GaN (Er:GaN) quasi-bulk crystals are emerging as a promising novel gain medium for high energy lasers emitting at the retina-safe wavelength window of 1.5 μm. We report the polarization-resolved photoluminescence (PL) emission spectroscopy studies, which revealed that the pumping efficiency with the excitation polarization parallel to the c-axis of GaN ( E ⇀ | | c ⇀ ) is significantly higher than that with the excitation polarization perpendicular to the c-axis of GaN ( E ⇀ ⊥ c ⇀ ). This phenomenon is a direct consequence of the inherent polar wurtzite GaN lattice, giving rise to a net local field, surrounding each Er ion, along the c-axis of GaN. The temperature dependent behaviors of the PL emission spectra were explained in terms of the Boltzmann population distributions among sublevels within the 4I15/2 ground state and the 4I13/2 first excited state of Er3+ in GaN, thereby providing an improved understanding regarding the origin of the dominant emission lines observed near 1.5 μm. The results suggested that the polarization field in GaN can be exploited to enhance the effective Er excitation cross section by manipulating the polarization of the excitation light source.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Modeling and Simulation of Flow Regulatory Mechanism in Artificial Kidney Using Finite Element Method

There is an enormous need in the health welfare sector to manufacture inexpensive dialyzer membranes with minimum dialysis duration. In order to optimize the dialysis cost and time, an in-depth analysis of the effect of dialyzer design and process parameters on toxins (ranging from tiny to large size molecules) clearance rate is required. Mathematical analysis and enhanced computational power of computers can translate the transport phenomena occurring inside the dialyzer while minimizing the development cost. In this paper, the steady-state mass transport in blood and dialysate compartment and across the membrane is investigated with convection-diffusion equations and tortuous pore diffusion model (TPDM), respectively. The two-dimensional, axisymmetric CFD model was simulated by using a solver based on the finite element method (COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4). The effect of design and process parameters is analyzed by solving model equations for varying values of design and process parameters. It is found that by introducing tortuosity in the pore diffusion model, the clearance rate of small size molecules increases, but the clearance rate of large size molecules is reduced. When the fiber aspect ratio (db/L) varies from 900 to 2300, the clearance rate increases 37.71% of its initial value. The results also show that when the pore diameter increases from 10 nm to 20 nm, the clearance rate of urea and glucose also increases by 2.09% and 7.93%, respectively, with tolerated transport of albumin molecules.
Evaluation of medication safety resources in pediatric hospitals.

PURPOSE As health systems continue to expand pharmacy and clinical services, the ability to evaluate potential medication safety risks and mitigate errors remains a high priority. Workload and productivity monitoring tools for the assessment of operational and clinical pharmacy services exist. However, such tools are not currently available to justify medication safety pharmacy services. The purpose of this study is to determine methods used to assess, allocate, and justify medication safety resources in pediatric hospitals. METHODS A 32-question survey was designed and distributed utilizing the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) tool. The survey was disseminated to 46 pediatric hospitals affiliated with the Children's Hospital Association (CHA). The survey was distributed in October 2018, and the respondents were given 3 weeks to submit responses. Data analysis includes the use of descriptive statistics. Categorical variables were summarized by frequencies and percentages to distinguish the differences between pediatric health systems. RESULTS Of 26 respondents, 15.4% utilized metrics to justify medication safety resources. Metrics utilized were based on medication dispenses, projects, and error coding. Twenty-three percent of respondents were dissatisfied with current pharmacy-based medication safety resources within the organization. There was variability of medication safety resources within pediatric hospitals, including the number of dedicated full-time equivalents, time spent on tasks, and task prioritization. CONCLUSION Assessing medication safety resources at various pediatric hospitals highlights several potential barriers and opportunities. This information will serve as the foundation for the creation of a standardized workload assessment tool to assist pharmacy leaders with additional resource justification.
Arrogance and Humility in the Governance of Human Interaction: A Reflection on Roger Koppl's Expert Failure

Prevailing ideology holds that democracy is a system of government where people govern themselves. This ideology clashes with the unavoidable recognition that in any but small towns and villages governance is an activity wherein a few govern and the many are governed. This situation is an unavoidable feature of contemporary life with its elaborate and complex division of labor and knowledge. All of us are in the position of knowing a lot about a few things and little about most things. The central question Roger Koppl raises in Expert Failure is whether experts employ their expertise to the advantage of the general public or to the expert’s own advantage. Koppl advances strong reasons for being suspicious about the influence that experts exercise over the social organization of economic activity. In doing so, he brings us face-to-face with a perplexing conundrum: experts are indispensable, and yet operate within an environment that enables their biased use of that expertise.
Recognizing Fractal Behavior in Jackson Pollock Artwork through Computer Vision

This project uses Computer Vision to verify that Jackson Pollock's drip-and-pour style paintings exhibit fractal behavior. Pseudocode provided from a different study of fractals in his artwork is converted into a working program that is easily replicable and runnable from a web browser. The Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) Algorithm is applied to a dataset of Pollock's artwork using Python and Jupytr Notebooks to verify that the output of the algorithm mirrors a power law distribution. The program converts a dataset of Pollock's drip-and-pour style paintings into black-and-white images, and saves off the luminance values into two-dimensional matrices. The algorithm is run on these matrices, and the matrices are then segmented and evaluated at increasingly magnified scales. The final results are then displayed in graphs, which are assessed against a power law distribution graph. The resulting graphs created in this project do verify that fractal behavior is observed. The program is housed in a github repository that can be uploaded and run in Google Colab. The final result is a code base that is broken into multiple sections to help any user gain an understanding of the Computer Vision algorithm.
Non-Responsive Celiac Disease

Slow responsive, or non-responsive, celiac disease (NRCD) is the persistence or recurrence of symptoms or signs of celiac disease (CeD) after 6–12 months of being on a gluten-free diet (GFD). NRCD is an umbrella term that encompasses many different underlying etiologies, the most common of which is inadvertent gluten exposure. Determining treatment relies on identifying the underlying cause. Investigation into this includes a critical reassessment of the evidence supporting the original diagnosis, a visit with an experienced dietitian, serologies, an upper endoscopy with duodenal biopsies, and additional testing driven by the presenting symptoms.
Mediating the Moon: Ferdinand Kriwet’s Apollo Mission

This essay examines the relationships between literature and science with respect to twentieth-century lunar exploration, demonstrating how difficult it can be to distinguish between literary and scientific knowledge; decisive events in the history of human knowledge frequently occur along the boundary between the two. After considering literary representations of the moon from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Jules Verne, and Italo Calvino, this essay concentrates on a multimedia project by the German poet and artist Ferdinand Kriwet concerned with the 1969 Apollo 11 moon landing. Kriwet’s multimedia project engages simultaneously with scientific and literary forms of knowledge, implying that the moon’s literary status as an object of longing may not be exhausted by its scientific conquest, after all.
CAN γγ → ZLZL SERVE AS A PROBE OF THE ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY BREAKING SECTOR?

We investigate the feasibility of distinguishing among different models of electroweak symmetry breaking by studying the process γγ → ZLZL at photon colliders. For models with a low mass Higgs-like scalar resonance, the s-channel contribution provides a distinct resonance structure and large cross-sections. However, the absence of a resonance structure in the cross-section for the above process does not discriminate in principle between the existence of either a heavy Higgs boson or a vector resonance of a nonlinearly realized symmetry.
Biventricular surgical repair of "Swiss Cheese" ventricular septal defects with two-patch and right ventricle apex excluding technique: preliminary experience and clinical results.

“Swiss Cheese” ventricular septal defects (VSDs) is a kind of rare and complex congenital heart defects and the surgical management remains controversial and a challenge. We reviewed our preliminary clinical experience on biventricular surgical repair of “Swiss Cheese” VSDs with two-patch and right ventricle apex excluding technique in 10 cases. From May 2014 to December 2019, a series of 10 patients (M/F = 3/7) were admitted in our center. Nine cases underwent one-stage surgical repair with two-patch and right ventricle apex excluding technique and 1 case received two-stage surgical repair with the same technique. Surgical repair was done with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in all cases. Two fresh autologous pericardium patches were used to close defects of the outflow tract area and the apex trabecular area respectively and as a result, the right ventricular apex was excluded from the right ventricular inflow tract. All operations were successful. Median CPB time and aortic clamping time were 96 min and 68 min respectively. Delayed chest closure was performed in 2 cases within 48–72 h postoperatively. The Median time of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay were 131.3 h and 8 days respectively. Median length of hospital stay after operation was 11 (9–42) days. There was no mortality and major complication except for 2 cases of ventilator associated pneumonia. There was no death and major complication during a median follow-up time of 3.2 years.. The latest echocardiography results showed the left and right heart function was normal in all the cases. Biventricular surgical repair of “Swiss Cheese” VSDs with two-patch of fresh autologous pericardium and right ventricle apex excluding technique in infants is safe and feasible with favorable early and mid-term results. Long term results need to be evaluated with more cases.
The Drude-Smith Equation and Related Equations for the Frequency-Dependent Electrical Conductivity of Materials: Insight from a Memory Function Formalism

The Drude-Smith equation is widely used for treating the frequency-dependent electrical conductivity of materials in the terahertz region. An attractive feature is its sparsity of adjustable parameters. A significant improvement over Drude theory for these materials, the theory includes backscattering of the charge carriers. It has nevertheless been criticized, including by Smith himself, because of the arbitrariness of a step in the derivation. We recall a somewhat similar behavior of back scattering in fluids observed in molecular dynamics computations and discussed in terms of memory functions. We show how theories such as Drude-Smith and Cocker et al. are examples of a broader class of theories by showing how they also arise as particular cases of a memory function formalism that divides the interactions into short and long range.
Graph Optimal Transport with Transition Couplings of Random Walks.

We present a novel approach to optimal transport between graphs from the perspective of stationary Markov chains. A weighted graph may be associated with a stationary Markov chain by means of a random walk on the vertex set with transition distributions depending on the edge weights of the graph. After drawing this connection, we describe how optimal transport techniques for stationary Markov chains may be used in order to perform comparison and alignment of the graphs under study. In particular, we propose the graph optimal transition coupling problem, referred to as GraphOTC, in which the Markov chains associated to two given graphs are optimally synchronized to minimize an expected cost. The joint synchronized chain yields an alignment of the vertices and edges in the two graphs, and the expected cost of the synchronized chain acts as a measure of distance or dissimilarity between the two graphs. We demonstrate that GraphOTC performs equal to or better than existing state-of-the-art techniques in graph optimal transport for several tasks and datasets. Finally, we also describe a generalization of the GraphOTC problem, called the FusedOTC problem, from which we recover the GraphOTC and OT costs as special cases.
Chronic Fentanyl Self-Administration Generates a Shift toward Negative Affect in Rats during Drug Use

Drug addiction is thought to be driven by negative reinforcement, and it is thought that a shift from positive affect upon initial exposure to negative affect after chronic exposure to a drug is responsible for maintaining self-administration (SA) in addicted individuals. This can be modeled in rats by analyzing ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), a type of intraspecies communication indicative of affective state based on the frequency of the emission: calls in the 22 kHz range indicate negative affect, whereas calls in the 50 kHz range indicate positive affect. We employed a voluntary chronic, long-access model of fentanyl SA to analyze affective changes in the response to chronic fentanyl exposure. Male Sprague-Dawley rats self-administered either fentanyl (N = 7) or saline (N = 6) for 30 consecutive days and USVs were recorded at four different time points: the day before the first SA session (PRE), the first day of SA (T01), the last day of SA (T30), and the first day of abstinence (ABS). At T01, the ratio of 50 to 22 kHz calls was similar between the fentanyl and saline groups, but at T30, the ratio differed between groups, with the fentanyl group showing significantly fewer 50 kHz calls and more 22 kHz calls relative to saline animals. These results indicate a shift toward a negative affect during drug use after chronic exposure to fentanyl and support negative reinforcement as a main driving factor of opioid addiction.
How Can Cognitive Reserve Promote Cognitive and Neurobehavioral Health

Objective This review is aimed at understanding how cognitive reserve and related concepts contribute to promoting neurobehavioral and cognitive health, consistent with goal of the 2020 national academy of neuropsychology (NAN) Annual Meeting.Research indicates that lifestyle factors such as achieving educational and work milestones, participating in leisure and social activities and IQ are all associated with reduced risk of cognitive decline in normal aging and of developing dementia. Many of these lifestyle factors have also been associated with better cognition in other psychiatric and neurological conditions. The cognitive reserve hypothesis posits that these lifestyle factors result in individual differences in the flexibility and adaptability of brain networks that may allow some people to cope better than others with age- or dementia-related brain changes. Recent evidence also supports the idea that specific genetic and lifestyle factors may help preserve a healthy brain or enhance brain reserve, a process that has been called brain maintenance. The complementary concept of brain reserve posits that structural brain features can guard against dementia and related conditions. This review defines these theoretical concepts, their research basis, how they are studied and their clinical applications. Conclusion Evidence supports the concept of reserve, which can be influenced by experiences in every stage of life. Focused research in this area can maximize the chance for successful intervention.
Activating natural product synthesis using CRISPR interference and activation systems in Streptomyces

The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria represents a major threat to global health, creating an urgent need to discover new antibiotics. Natural products derived from the genus Streptomyces represent a rich and diverse repertoire of chemical molecules from which new antibiotics are likely to be found. However, a major challenge is that the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) responsible for natural product synthesis are often poorly expressed under laboratory culturing conditions, thus preventing isolation and screening of novel chemicals. To address this, we describe a novel approach to activate silent BGCs through rewiring endogenous regulation using synthetic gene regulators based upon CRISPR-Cas. First, we create CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) and CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) systems that allow for highly programmable and effective gene repression and activation in Streptomyces. We then harness these tools to activate a silent BGC through perturbing its endogenous regulatory network. Together, this work advances the synthetic regulatory toolbox for Streptomyces and facilitates the programmable activation of silent BGCs for novel chemical discovery.
Therapeutic apheresis in children: special considerations

The provision of therapeutic apheresis to children is a technically challenging procedure, requiring trained personnel and an understanding of the disease processes that leads to the need for apheresis. Most apheresis protocols are derived from studies in adult patients, even though most studies are of limited sample size. The focus of this review is to highlight the disease processes commonly treated with therapeutic apheresis in children, and to address the technical considerations pertinent to the provision of safe and effective apheresis in the pediatric setting.
Time-dependent simulations of a compact ignition tokamak

Detailed simulations of the Compact Ignition Tokamak are carried out using a -dimensional transport code. The calculations include time-varying densities, fields, and plasma shape. Ignition can be ...
Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction by lymphoma: case series and review of the literature.

External compression of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) by lymphoma is a rare clinical entity. We present a series of three adult patients with varying clinical presentations, in which RVOT compression by lymphoma was diagnosed using echocardiogram. Review of the literature identified a total of 13 prior cases of RVOT obstruction by lymphoma diagnosed with echocardiogram. We have summarized the clinical features and echocardiographic findings of this disorder, and comment on the role of echocardiography in diagnosis and follow-up. (Echocardiography 2011;28:1164-1167)
Atomic friction at exposed and buried graphite step edges: Experiments and simulations

The surfaces of layered materials such as graphite exhibit step edges that affect friction. Step edges can be exposed, where the step occurs at the outmost layer, or buried, where the step is underneath another layer of material. Here, we study friction at exposed and buried step edges on graphite using an atomic force microscope (AFM) and complementary molecular dynamics simulations of the AFM tip apex. Exposed and buried steps exhibit distinct friction behavior, and the friction on either step is affected by the direction of sliding, i.e., moving up or down the step, and the bluntness of the tip. These trends are analyzing in terms of the trajectory of the AFM tip as it moves over the step, which is a convolution of the topography of the surface and the tip shape.
De l’inanimé à l’Anima. Le fil conducteur entre l’acteur et le spectateur chez Denis Marleau

Cet article propose une etude du travail « sacrificiel » de l’interprete dans les spectacles de Denis Marleau. Nous examinerons plus en detail deux productions des Aveugles de Maurice Maeterlinck, soit celles de 2002 et de 2004, pour comprendre le processus de « desincarnation » que les acteurs marlusiens effectuent tout au long des repetitions et les reactions que le metteur en scene espere obtenir de son public.
Free Trade and Laissez Faire

This paper examines the century old debate about free trade and laissez-faire and shows with the famous diagram from Corden’s Trade Policy and Economic Welfare , that the logical conclusion for the modem theory of trade and welfare, once political ecoomy costs are taken into account is that, as the classical liberals maintained, the case for free trade and laissez-faire hang together. FREE TRADE AND LAISSEZ FAIRE Has the wheel come full circle?
Transient response of a case-bonded nonlinear viscoelastic cylinder.

The problem of a rapidly pressurized, infinitely long, thick-walled viscoelastic cylinder bonded to a thin elastic shell is considered. The plane strain solution is obtained when the strain e and deformation rate d in the viscoelastic cylinder are such that terms of order three and higher in e and d can be neglected in comparison with e and d. The strains in the shell, however, are restricted to magnitudes for which infinitesimal elasticity theory applies. The effect of inertia of the viscoelastic cylinder is included in the analysis. The cylinder is internally pressurized by two types of pressure programs: a step pressure and a ramp pressure with four different rise-times. For these loadings the Eulerian strain and circumferential stress response at the inner and outer radii of the viscoelastic cylinder are obtained using a second-order constitutive relation in which the stress depends only on the displacement and velocity gradients.
Thermo-orientation and the movement of feather-feeding lice on hosts.

Abstract: Temperature variation on the host is known to influence ectoparasite distributions. Ectoparasites may also use temperature gradients between host regions when moving on the host; however, tests are rare. Feather-feeding wing lice (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) spend the majority of their time on the flight feathers of their avian hosts where they insert their bodies between feather barbs to escape host preening. However, because wing lice feed on downy abdominal feathers, they must repeatedly migrate between the flight feathers and body regions of their hosts. We performed a series of experiments that tested thermo-orientation in wing lice and evaluated its potential use during louse migrations between host regions. We found that wing lice can rapidly and accurately locate nearby heat targets that approximate host temperatures (37 C), demonstrating a capacity for directed thermo-orientation. We next tested the preference of wing lice for temperatures found along migration routes between bird flight ...