cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MAGNITUDE AND SCOPE OF DYSMORPHOLOGY. 486

To investigate the scope and impact of multiple malformation/dysmorphology syndromes (Ds) on infant mortality, mental retardation and interactions between perinatology, neonatology, medical genetics, teratology and pediatrics, we analyzed neonatal malformation data and clinical genetic service encounters (GSE) data. Among 4,182 neonates, 153 had significant malformations (3.7%) (“minor” anomalies excluded) and of these, 47 had Ds (31%). Of 12 malformed patients who died during infancy, 6 had Ds. We classified 11,542 GSE accordingly to whether the main concern was clinical(53%), prenatal (43%) or genetic counseling (4%). Of 6,084 clinical-GSE, 2,672(44%) concerned malformations, whereas functional and non-malformative issues represented 30% and 26% of GSE respectively. Most encounters concerning malformations fell in the Ds category (2,026 or 76%), of which 35% could not be fully categorized. Analysis of temporal trends and other variables show that Ds demand a growing share of our efforts.
Sample calculations of flash temperatures at a silver-graphite electric contact sliding on copper

Abstract Explicit equations are presented for calculating the flash temperatures at plastically deformed circular contact spots due to friction and/or Joule heat. Numerical examples calculated for a metal-graphite composite in a very wide range of speeds and loads suggest that intuitive estimates of the flash temperatures tend to be too high. On the basis of the figures it should be possible to deduce approximate values for the flash temperature for a great variety of sliding couples and sliding conditions.
Three-dimensional phantoms for curvature correction in spatial frequency domain imaging

The sensitivity to surface profile of non-contact optical imaging, such as spatial frequency domain imaging, may lead to incorrect measurements of optical properties and consequently erroneous extrapolation of physiological parameters of interest. Previous correction methods have focused on calibration-based, model-based, and computation-based approached. We propose an experimental method to correct the effect of surface profile on spectral images. Three-dimensional (3D) phantoms were built with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic using an accurate 3D imaging and an emergent 3D printing technique. In this study, our method was utilized for the correction of optical properties (absorption coefficient μa and reduced scattering coefficient μs′) of objects obtained with a spatial frequency domain imaging system. The correction method was verified on three objects with simple to complex shapes. Incorrect optical properties due to surface with minimum 4 mm variation in height and 80 degree in slope were detected and improved, particularly for the absorption coefficients. The 3D phantom-based correction method is applicable for a wide range of purposes. The advantages and drawbacks of the 3D phantom-based correction methods are discussed in details.
Botulinum neurotoxin B–host receptor recognition: it takes two receptors to tango

Two independent crystal structure analyses have resolved the detailed interactions between botulinum neurotoxin serotype B and its neuronal receptor, synaptotagmin. The studies show how the toxin binds synaptotagmin and, along with previously determined interactions with the ganglioside GT1b, a coreceptor, explain the toxin's extreme toxicity and tropism for neurons.
Remove the Neck, Retain the Stem

Despite the functional advantages of neck modularity in total hip arthroplasty, this implant design has problems with fretting, corrosion, fracture, and component removal. This article outlines the author's position on neck modularity, the advantages and disadvantages in clinical practice, and the considerations for its continued use.
Reconstruction operations for acquired flatfoot: biomechanical evaluation.

A major limitation of operations commonly performed for acquired flatfoot is inadequate correction of alignment. The authors defined the efficacy of two operations, deltoid ligament reconstruction and flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer, for treatment of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction with flatfoot deformity. Twelve fresh-frozen foot specimens were used. A flatfoot deformity was created, and, to simulate the midstance phase of gait, loads were applied axially to the plantar surface of the foot and to appropriate tendons. Foot position improved substantially after deltoid ligament reconstruction but not after flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer. The average increase in arch height after deltoid ligament reconstruction was 10.3 ± 8.9 mm and after flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer, −0.6 ± 2.0 mm. Mean arch height after deltoid ligament reconstruction was 2.2 ± 1.7 mm less than intact arch height and, after flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer, 13.2 ± 9.0 mm less than intact arch height....
Communications, computers and people

Communications and computers are today becoming what the economists call "complementary goods"---one without the other is of much lesser value---like pen and ink, pretzels and beer, and gin and dry vermouth.
partDSA: Deletion/Substitution/Addition Algorithm for Partitioning the Covariate Space in Prediction

Motivation: Until now, much of the focus in cancer has been on biomarker discovery and generating lists of univariately significant genes, as well as epidemiological and clinical measures. These approaches, although significant on their own, are not effective for elucidating the synergistic qualities of the numerous components in complex diseases. These components do not act one at a time, but rather in concert with numerous others. A compelling need exists to develop analytically sound and computationally advanced methods that elucidate a more biologically meaningful understanding of the mechanisms of cancer initiation and progression by taking these interactions into account. Results: We propose a novel algorithm, partDSA, for prediction when several variables jointly affect the outcome. In such settings, piecewise constant estimation provides an intuitive approach by elucidating interactions and correlation patterns in addition to main effects. As well as generating ‘and’ statements similar to previously described methods, partDSA explores and chooses the best among all possible ‘or’ statements. The immediate benefit of partDSA is the ability to build a parsimonious model with ‘and’ and ‘or’ conjunctions that account for the observed biological phenomena. Importantly, partDSA is capable of handling categorical and continuous explanatory variables and outcomes. We evaluate the effectiveness of partDSA in comparison to several adaptive algorithms in simulations; additionally, we perform several data analyses with publicly available data and introduce the implementation of partDSA as an R package. Availability: http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/partDSA/index.html Contact: ude.elay@oranilom.ettenna Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Sublingual tissue perfusion improves during emergency treatment of acute decompensated heart failure

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to measure sublingual perfused capillary density (PCD) to assess sublingual microvascular perfusion during emergency department (ED) treatment of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Methods This prospective, observational study enrolled ED patients with ADHF, measuring pre- and post-ED treatment PCD. Sidestream dark-field imaging was analyzed by 3 investigators blinded to patient identifiers and time points. Patient demographics, ADHF etiology, serum brain natriuretic peptide, and hemoglobin were measured along with a visual analogue scale (VAS), which assessed patient baseline characteristics and response to ED treatment. A paired t test analyzed changes in PCD, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and patient assessment. Interrater variability was assessed with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), with a P value Results Thirty-six patients were enrolled with a mean time between pretreatment and posttreatment PCD (±SD) of 138 ± 59 minutes and a hospital length of stay of 4.0 ± 4.1 days. During this time, PCD increased (difference, 1.3 mm/mm 2 ; 95% confidence interval, 0.4-2.1; P = .004), as did the MAP ( P = .002), patient VAS score ( P P R 2 = .016, P = .47), MAP ( R 2 = .013, P = .54), or VAS scores. The ICC was 0.954. Conclusions Sublingual tissue perfusion is diminished in ADHF but increases with treatment. It may represent a quantitative way to evaluate ADHF in the ED setting.
SGSEAM: assessing serious game frameworks from a stakeholder experience perspective

Assessment of serious game frameworks is emerging as an important area of research. This paper describes an assessment mechanism called the Serious Game Stakeholder Experience Assessment Method (SGSEAM). SGSEAM is designed to provide detailed insights into the strengths and shortcomings of serious game frameworks through a stakeholder perspective based approach. In this paper, we report on the use of SGSEAM to assess Makahiki, an open source serious game framework for sustainability. Our results provide useful insights into both Makahiki as a serious game framework and SGSEAM as an assessment method.
Under the RADAR: Assessing and Intervening for Intimate Partner Violence

Abstract Intimate partner violence (IPV), a major public health threat, affects millions of adult Americans each year, the majority of whom are women. This article describes a strategy to enhance advanced practice nurses' (APNs) understanding of IPV and to introduce RADAR, a clinician-focused strategy for IPV assessment and intervention, as part of routine care. Vignettes illustrating the use of RADAR by APNs in clinical settings are provided. While dealing with suspected or confirmed IPV is difficult for clinicians, introducing strategies, such as RADAR, into routine clinical practice can have dramatic and even life-saving effects.
Multiple Overlapping k-Space Junctions for Investigating Translating Objects (MOJITO)

It is a well-known property in Fourier transform magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that rigid body translational motion in image space results in linear phase accumulation in k -space. This work describes Multiple Overlapping k-space Junctions for Investigating Translating Objects (MOJITO), a correction scheme based on phase differences at trajectory intersections caused by 2-D alterations in the position of an object during MR imaging. The algorithm allows both detection and correction of motion artifacts caused by 2-D rigid body translational motion. Although similar in concept to navigator echoes, MOJITO does not require a repeating path through k-space, uses k-space data from a broader region of k -space, and uses the repeated data in image reconstruction; this provides the potential for a highly efficient self-navigating motion correction method. Here, the concept and theoretical basis of MOJITO is demonstrated using the continuous sampling BOWTIE trajectory in simulation and MR experiments. This particular trajectory is selected since it is well suited for such an algorithm due to numerous trajectory intersections. Specifically, the validity of the technique in the presence of noise and off-resonance effects is demonstrated through simulation.
Temperament as a Predictor of Symptomotology and Adaptive Functioning in Adolescents with High-Functioning Autism

Variation in temperament is characteristic of all people but is rarely studied as a predictor of individual differences among individuals with autism. Relative to a matched comparison sample, adolescents with High-Functioning Autism (HFA) reported lower levels of Surgency and higher levels of Negative Affectivity. Variability in temperament predicted symptomotology, social skills, and social-emotional outcomes differently for individuals with HFA than for the comparison sample. This study is unique in that temperament was measured by self-report, while all outcome measures were reported by parents. The broader implications of this study suggest that by identifying individual variability in constructs, such as temperament, that may influence adaptive functioning, interventions may be developed to target these constructs and increase the likelihood that individuals with HFA will achieve more adaptive life outcomes.
Protecting Vulnerable Workers: How Public Policy and Private Employers Shape the Contemporary Low-Wage Work Experience:

This paper presents a conceptual approach to understanding how government and private employers shape the employment experiences of contemporary low-wage workers. After reviewing recent changes in employment conditions that have disproportionately affected poor working families, we present two perspectives on the structural vulnerability for low-wage workers: policy and organizational stratification. The stratification approach suggests that public policy and private workplace practices interact with workers’ personal and family circumstances to shape the outcomes of low-wage employment. Applying these lenses to restaurant workers, we examine why and how some workers may be uniquely disadvantaged by emerging proposals to change minimum wage laws. Promising directions for intervention are also discussed. INNOVATIONS THROUGH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS
Differences in the biotransformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) between wild and axenically grown isolates of Myriophyllum aquaticum.

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the potential for aquatic plants and their associated microbes to bioremediate wetland sites contaminated with 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The transformation of TNT was studied using both wild and axenically grown isolates of Myriophyllum aquaticum (parrot feather). Differences in TNT transformation rates and nitroaromatic metabolites were observed between different plants. The wild isolates, containing a consortium of associated microorganisms, transformed TNT into 2-amino- 4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-A-DNT) and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-A-DNT) via 2- and 4-hydroxylamino-dinitrotoluene, which were detected as intermediates. The wild M. aquaticum also converted the metabolites, 2-A-DNT and 4-A-DNT, into low levels of 2,4-diaminotoluene (2,4-DAT). The axenically grown plants, containing no cultureable microorganisms, also transformed TNT into 2-A-DNT and 4-A-DNT, but at a much lower rate than that observed for the wild isolates. Unlike the wild plants, axenically gro...
Understanding Chinese-Speaking Open Courseware Users: A Case Study on User Engagement in an Open Courseware Portal in Taiwan (Opensource Opencourse Prototype System)

The open educational resource (OER) movement has reached a critical mass due to recent technology advancements. In Taiwan, to overcome the language barrier, the Opensource Opencourse Prototype System (OOPS) plays a significant role in enabling Chinese-speaking users to benefit from this global education movement. However, our understanding about who these users are and why they chose this particular venue to advance their knowledge remains obscure. This lack of understanding could prevent OOPS from creating an engaging open learning environment. This exploratory case study, based on over 2300 participants’ responses, offered a glimpse of OOPS users and their motives. The findings revealed a significant gender difference in OOPS technology adoption. Recommendations are made to better engage OOPS users, thus sustaining user participation.
Self-Efficacy Links Health Literacy and Numeracy to Glycemic Control

The mechanisms underlying the relationship between health literacy, numeracy, and glycemic control are unclear. We explored the role of diabetes self-efficacy in the predicted pathway linking health literacy and numeracy to glycemic control (A1C). Adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (N = 383) were enrolled in a cross-sectional study at primary care and diabetes clinics at three medical centers. Data collected included demographic information, health literacy, general numeracy, and A1C. Path models estimated relations among health literacy, numeracy, and diabetes self-efficacy as predictors of A1C. Health literacy (r = 0.14, p < .01) and numeracy (r = 0.17, p < .001) were each associated with greater diabetes self-efficacy, and greater diabetes self-efficacy was associated with lower A1C levels (r = -0.25, p < .001). When considered in combination, numeracy was related to diabetes self-efficacy (r = 0.13, p < .05), and the effect of health literacy on diabetes self-efficacy was reduced to non-significance (r = 0.06, p = .30). Health literacy and numeracy are each associated with greater diabetes self-efficacy, and greater diabetes self-efficacy is associated with lower A1C levels. Diabetes self-efficacy may be an important target of interventions to improve diabetes control and promote health equity related to health literacy and general numeracy skills needed for diabetes management.
Interstitial brachytherapy in cancer of the lung: A 20 year experience

Abstract Interstitial bracytherapy is used at Memorial Hospital to treat patients whose lung cancer is still localized to the chest but in whom the tumor cannot be resected either because of fixation or invasion of the major vessels, trachea or esophagus, or because restricted pulmonary reserve precludes extensive resection. This report presents the experience of 470 patients with non-oat cell lung cancer who were treated from 1956 to 1976 by permanent implantation. Local control of implanted unresectable lung cancer was obtained in about 80% of patients with Stage I and II disease and in 60% of patients with Stage III disease. Nearly 50% of all patients developed distant metastases. Twenty-four of 340 patients (7%) with localized disease in the thorax who were treated from 1956 to 1973 have survived for 5 years or more. The 5-year survival is: Stage I, 6 13 patients (46%); Stage III, 18/322 patients (7%). None of five patients with Stage II and of 53 patients with M1 lesions, survived for 5 years.
Fine: Information embedding for document classification

The problem of document classification considers categorizing or grouping of various document types. Each document can be represented as a bag of words, which has no straightforward Euclidean representation. Relative word counts form the basis for similarity metrics among documents. Endowing the vector of term frequencies with a Euclidean metric has no obvious straightforward justification. A more appropriate assumption commonly used is that the data lies on a statistical manifold, or a manifold of probabilistic generative models. In this paper, we propose calculating a low-dimensional, information based embedding of documents into Euclidean space. One component of our approach motivated by information geometry is the Fisher information distance to define similarities between documents. The other component is the calculation of the Fisher metric over a lower dimensional statistical manifold estimated in a nonparametric fashion from the data. We demonstrate that in the classification task, this information driven embedding outperforms both a standard PCA embedding and other Euclidean embeddings of the term frequency vector.
Foam Fractionation of Orthophosphate with a Cationic Surfactant

Abstract An experimental investigation is presented of the foam fractionation of orthophosphate from aqueous solution using a cationic surface-active agent, ethylhexadecyldimethylammonium bromide. The effects of initial concentration of phosphate, of initial concentration of surfactant, of pH, and of the presence of competing anions are established. Initial concentrations of phosphate range from 12.5 to 150 mg/liter (as PO4), initial concentrations of surfactant range from 50 to 600 mg/liter, and the pH is varied from 5.0 to 13.4. Results are discussed in terms of the residual concentration of phosphate, the collapsed foam volume, the phosphate removal ratio, and the “relative fractionation” of the phosphate and surfactant into the surface layers of the foam-producing bubbles.
Fractionation and size analysis of colloidal silica by flow field—flow fractionation

Abstract It is first established that the potential of flow field—flow fractionation (flow FFF) for colloid fractionation and size characterization is based on the mathematically exact dependence of the particle elution volume on particle diffusivity and thus on Stokes diameter. With this the theory necessary to obtain a particle size distribution curve is developed. It is shown that the near linearity of elution volume with particle diameter means that the elution profile is itself a particle size distribution curve, needing correction only for very small particles emerging without significant retention near the channel void volume. The convenience of this simple result is noted. Fractionation and size distribution experiments are then reported using primarily du Pont colloidal silica. Clear fractionations are obtained for up to four samples of varying particle size, from 0.01− to 0.13-μm nominal diameter. Size distribution curves for individual samples are obtained and are shown to be independent of cross flow. A similar result is obtained for the pigment, cyan blue. Finally, evidence for aggregation in one of the silica materials is discussed. It is noted that flow FFF should be a useful tool to measure the state of aggregation in colloidal materials.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Electronic Information: A Case Study

Library services and products have associated costs, including direct monetary costs and indirect costs such as time. The decision to acquire or provide a particular product or service should involve an examination of its costs and benefits to library customers. One technique for analyzing cost-effectiveness is to perform a cost-benefit analysis (CBA). CBA involves analyzing the benefits, or potential benefits, of offering a product or service and comparing them to the costs of offering that product or service. This article describes a study in which CBA was used to examine the cost-effectiveness of an electronic database. Librarians can use the results of CBA studies to justify budgets and acquisitions and to provide insight into the true costs of providing library services.
The Promise of a Minimum Core Approach: The Colombian Model for Judicial Review of Austerity Measures

This chapter will be published in a forthcoming edited volume on the enforcement of socio-economic rights since the global financial crisis. It uses the evolving jurisprudence of the Colombian Constitutional Court to argue that a minimum core approach to the enforcement of social rights may serve as a model for those courts currently wrestling with austerity measures in Europe and elsewhere. A minimum core approach, which prioritizes the basic needs of the poorest members of society, may be the most effective way for courts to protect the vulnerable during times of crisis without causing an overwhelming political backlash or freezing the status quo in the face of a genuine crisis. The Court has been guided by two key constitutional principles: the vital minimum doctrine, which gives all citizens a right to a basic level of subsistence, and the social state of law principle, which requires that the state construct and maintain a social safety net that prioritizes the poor. Recent jurisprudence, for example, gives especially probing scrutiny to tax increases, budget cuts, and other austerity measures with disproportionate effects on the minimum core rights of the poor. Similarly, the Court intervened in the healthcare and other sectors in an effort to force the state to expand existing safety nets to the benefit of marginalized groups. These interventions have helped to maintain and improve the quality of life of the neediest without destroying the state’s ability to respond to crisis. Finally, the Colombian experience rebuts important objections to a minimum core approach, formulated by various scholars and by the Constitutional Court of South Africa. Such an approach need not require a court to formulate a minimum entitlement to social rights with exacting and impossible precision, and should be seen as complementary rather than antagonistic to other approaches like proportionality analysis. Further, by targeting judicial review towards vulnerable populations, a minimum core approach may serve as an instrument of judicial restraint rather than of judicial aggrandizement.
Method for measuring mechanical fragility of dog red cells.

SummaryLarge variations in the MF of freshly drawn samples of defibrinated, oxalated or heparinized dog blood are encountered unless the samples are allowed to stand for several hours at room temperature. However, reproducible and apparently physiologically significant measurements of the MF of dog red cells can be obtained if the red cells are washed free of plasma and suspended in isotonic saline during their exposure to the standard trauma of rotation with glass beads.
Rhinopoma hardwickii and Rhinopoma muscatellum

1. Large; forearm 57 to 75 mm, greatest length of the skull 18 to 23 mm; skull robust, with well-developed sagittal and lambdoidal crests; rostrum with narial swellings poorly defined, almost flat R. microphyllum Small; forearm 46 to 63 mm, greatest length of the skull 14 to 19 mm; skull slender and with rounded braincase; lambdoidal and sagittal crests poorly developed; rostrum with well-defined narial swellings 2 2. Muzzle with well-developed transverse dermal ridge; narial inflations rounded; posterior margin of palate rounded .... R. hardwickii
The Reliability Design of Automobile Parts Based on the Gamma Subordinate Function

Considering the strength safety,synthetically using the combined integration of probability density function and the integration of the function's density,a computational formulas about the normal fuzzy reliability of the automobile parts are derived.In the formulas,the stress and strength are normal distribution,and the subordination function is gamma distribution.The numerical solution is obtained by programming with VB.The program can be directly used in the design computation of vehicles engineering for raising the design level.
Hot or cold? In support of cold.

Two recent studies (Bernard et al, 2002; Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest (HACA) Study Group, 2002) demonstrated that mild hypothermia (32–34°C) improves survival and neurological outcome following cardiac arrest, leading to recommendations that comatose survivors of resuscitation from cardiac arrest should be cooled to 32–34°C for 12–24hours (Nolan et al, 2003).
A theoretical rut: revisiting and critically evaluating the generalized under/over-connectivity hypothesis of autism.

In 2004, two papers proposed that pervasive functional under-connectivity (Just et al., 2004) or a trade-off between excessive local connectivity at the cost of distal under-connectivity (Belmonte et al., 2004) characterizes atypical brain organization in autism. Here, we take stock of the most recent and rigorous functional and structural connectivity findings with a careful eye toward evaluating the extent to which they support these original hypotheses. Indeed, the empirical data do not support them. From rsfMRI studies in adolescents and adults, there is an emerging consensus regarding long-range functional connections indicating cortico-cortical under-connectivity, specifically involving the temporal lobes, combined with subcortical-cortical over-connectivity. In contrast, there is little to no consensus regarding local functional connectivity or findings from task-based functional connectivity studies. The structural connectivity data suggest that white matter tracts are pervasively weak, particularly in the temporal lobe. Together, these findings are revealing how deeply complex the story is regarding atypical neural network organization in autism. In other words, distance and strength of connectivity as individual factors or as interacting factors do not consistently explain the patterns of atypical neural connectivity in autism. Therefore, we make several methodological recommendations and highlight developmental considerations that will help researchers in the field cultivate new hypotheses about the nature and mechanisms of potentially aberrant functional and structural connectivity in autism.
Observed Mother– and Father–Child Interaction Differences in Families with Medically Assisted Reproduction‐Conceived Twins and Singletons

Increased medically assisted reproduction (MAR) use to treat infertility has resulted in a growing twin birth rate. Little is known about parent-child relationships for twin relative to singleton children in middle childhood. This study fills this gap by examining parent-child relationships in 57 families with eighty 6- to 12-year-old MAR twin and singleton children using observational data (warm and supportive communication, control, and hostility). Nested ANCOVAs indicate that while mothers exhibit similar interactional behaviors toward twins and singletons, fathers have less optimum behaviors toward twins relative to singletons. Twins displayed less engaged behavior with mothers and fathers relative to singletons. Given the vitality of parent-child relationships for family and child adjustment, future studies should examine determinants and outcomes of twin-singleton relationship differences to bolster twins' and their families' functioning.
Identification and Actions of the Maresin 1 Metabolome in Infectious Inflammation

Maresin 1 (MaR1) is an immunoresolvent that governs resolution of acute inflammation, and its local metabolism in the context of infectious inflammation is of interest. In this study, we investigated the MaR1 metabolome in infectious exudates and its bioactions in regulating leukocyte responses in the context of bacterial infection. In Escherichia coli infectious exudates, MaR1 was temporally regulated with maximal levels at 4 h (2.2 ± 0.4 pg/lavage). In these exudates we also identified two novel products, and their structure elucidation gave 22-hydroxy-MaR1 and 14-oxo-MaR1. Using human primary leukocytes, we found that neutrophils primarily produced 22-OH-MaR1, whereas the main macrophage product was 14-oxo-MaR1. Both 22-OH-MaR1 and 14-oxo-MaR1 incubated with human primary macrophages gave dose-dependent increases in macrophage phagocytosis of ∼75% at 1 pM 22-OH-MaR1 and ∼25% at 1 pM 14-oxo-MaR1, whereas 14-oxo-MaR1 was less active than MaR1 at higher concentrations. Together these findings establish the temporal regulation of MaR1 during infectious inflammation, and elucidate the structures and actions of two novel MaR1 further metabolites that carry bioactivities.
Economics and the Law: From posner to post-modernism

(1999). Economics and the Law: From posner to post-modernism. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 1045-1049.
Chapter 6.4 - 15N NMR

15 N nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is an important tool for characterizing the structure and dynamics of polymers, both synthetic and biosynthetic. This chapter focuses on both the characterization of structure and dynamics of biopolymers from spectra obtained without the use of magic-angle spinning. The molecular basis for spin interactions involving 15 N nuclei is important for a detailed analysis of 15 N NMR spectra leading to both a dynamic and structural characterization. The separation of structural and dynamic influences on the NMR spectra is an important and challenging task that represents one of the major strengths of solid-state NMR compared to electronic and vibrational spectroscopy, as well as solution-state NMR spectroscopy. One of the primary ways to separate these influences is to observe spectra at low temperature (<200 K), where all but the methyl and amine rotational motions cease. If these motions are of interest, they also need to be characterized and their influence on the spectra described. The chapter discusses how high resolution structural information can be obtained and analyzed.
Relationship between empathic processing and drinking behavior in project MATCH.

Abstract Introduction Family relationships, social connectedness and a greater network of supportive others each predict better drinking outcomes among individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). The association between social factors and drinking may be related to the ability of individuals to take the perspectives of others' mental and emotional states, defined as empathic processing (EP). As such, it may be the case that EP is associated with social support (SS) and drinking behavior among individuals with AUD, yet few prior studies have attempted to define EP in an AUD sample. Methods The current study was a secondary data analysis of Project MATCH ( N = 1726) using structural equation modeling to model EP as a latent factor. The study also sought to test the baseline associations between EP, SS, and drinking behavior, as well as sex differences in the associations between EP, SS, and drinking. It was hypothesized that EP would be positively associated with SS and negatively associated with drinking behavior. Results Results suggested adequate model fit of the EP construct. Structural equation models indicated significant associations between EP, SS, and both drinking consequences and percent drinking days, but only for males. Males reported significantly lower EP and SS from friends, but more SS from family, compared to females. EP was not related to drinking among females. Conclusions The current study validated a model of EP in a treatment-seeking sample of individuals with alcohol use disorder. Future work may consider EP as a treatment-modifiable risk factor for drinking frequency and consequences in males.
Circadian Function and Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin in Humans

A primary role for melatonin relates to the human circadian system. Endogenous melatonin production is the ideal marker for biological time. Its physiological function in humans probably relates to the fact that low physiological doses of melatonin cause phase delays when administered in the morning and cause phase advances when administered in the afternoon/evening, the treatment of choice for free-running totally blind people. Bright light, the treatment of choice for circadian abnormalities in sighted people, causes phase advances when scheduled in the morning and phase delays when scheduled in the evening. Future interest in this area is expected to markedly increase.
LED lighting efficacy: Status and directions

Abstract A monumental shift from conventional lighting technologies (incandescent, fluorescent, high intensity discharge) to LED lighting is currently transpiring. The primary driver for this shift has been energy efficiency and associated cost savings. LED lighting is now more efficacious than any of the conventional lighting technologies with room to still improve. Near term, phosphor-converted LED packages have the potential for efficacy improvement between 160 lm/W (now) to 255 lm/W. Longer term, color-mixed LED packages have the potential for efficacy levels conceivably as high as 330 lm/W, though reaching these performance levels requires breakthroughs in green and amber LED efficiency. LED package efficacy sets the upper limit to luminaire efficacy, with the luminaire containing its own efficacy loss channels. In this paper, based on analyses performed through the U.S. Department of Energy Solid State Lighting Program, various LED and luminaire loss channels are elucidated, and critical areas for improvement identified. Beyond massive energy savings, LED technology enables a host of new applications and added value not possible or economical with previous lighting technologies. These include connected lighting, lighting tailored for human physiological responses, horticultural lighting, and ecologically conscious lighting. None of these new applications would be viable if not for the high efficacies that have been achieved, and are themselves just the beginning of what LED lighting can do.
Feminist Mobilization in MEChA: A Southern California Case Study

This article examines the impact of Chicana activism and Chicana feminist mobilization on a southern California chapter of MEChA—the largest and oldest Chicana/o student activist network in the United States—from 1970 through the 1990s. It argues that Chicana activism, and particularly Chicana feminist mobilizations, created the necessary tensions and challenges to transform CSUN (California State University, Northridge) MEChA and its membership. As a result, CSUN MEChA integrated aspects of Chicana feminism into its platform and cultivated Chicana leadership, with an impact beyond the confines of one campus. This article draws heavily from El Popo , the Chicana/o student newspaper of CSUN, as well as from interviews, by the author, of former Chicana and Chicano student activists, to track important discussions and changing points of view over a thirty-year period.
Eye Monitoring in Online Search

The Web introduces both new opportunities and challenges for eyetracking research. Recent technological advances in hardware and software have greatly contributed to the use of eye monitoring (or eye gaze tracking) for the analysis of online applications. Eye Monitoring is now being used to offer insights into homepage marketing, advertising, reading of online news, and interpreting user behavior in online search environments. This chapter will assess some of the key issues surrounding data collection and analysis in online contexts. We will then specifically address the use of eyetracking for online search in more detail.
Improvement of thermal stratification in a storage tank by the integration of a porous layer

In this work, the effect of inserting a porous layer in a cylindrical tank on the storage time and thermal stratification during the charge phase was numerically studied. The flow is governed by the Navier Stokes equations in the fluid region, Darcy Brinkman model in the porous region, and the thermal field by the energy equation. The finite volume method is used to solve the governing equation system of our problem. The accuracy of the numerical results has been validated with the works found in the literature, and a good agreement has been found. The porous layer thickness effect on the storage time and the thickness of the thermocline zone was presented. The results show that the insertion of porous media serves to promote the thermal storage time of about 49.35%. Also, the use of porous media serves to reduce the thickness of the thermocline zone by about 34.5% compared to the base case (without porous media).
Does Interleaved Practice Enhance Foreign Language Learning? The Effects of Training Schedule on Spanish Verb Conjugation Skills.

Do the cognitive benefits of interleaving—the method of alternating between two or more skills or concepts during training—extend to foreign language learning? In four experiments, we investigated the efficacy of interleaved versus conventional blocked practice for teaching adult learners to conjugate Spanish verbs in the preterite and imperfect past tenses. In the first two experiments, training occurred during a single session and interleaving between tenses began during the presentation of introductory content (Experiment 1) or during randomly ordered verb conjugation practice trials at the end of the training session (Experiment 2). This yielded, respectively, numerically higher performance in the blocked group and equivalent performance in the interleaved and blocked groups on a 2-day delayed test. In Experiments 3 and 4, the amount of training was increased across 2 weekly sessions in which the blocked group trained on 1 tense per session and the interleaved group trained on both tenses per session, with random interleaving occurring during verb conjugation practice trials. Interleaving yielded substantially better performance on a 1-week delayed test. Thus, although interleaving did not confer an advantage over blocking under 2 different single-session training schedules, it improved learning when used to practice conjugating verbs across multiple training sessions. These results constitute the first demonstration of an interleaving effect for foreign language learning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Pine Seeds Carry Symbionts: Endophyte Transmission Re-examined

Observations resulting from an increased scrutiny of seed-borne microbes are challenging our traditional concepts of endophyte transmission, but few of these studies have focused on trees, particularly the conifers that dominate many forested ecosystems. We reviewed the literature on pine seed endophytes and examined two pine species, pinyon (Pinus edulis) and ponderosa (P. ponderosa), in northern Arizona by culture-based and/or culture-independent methods. We predicted that the long seed development period in pines would be conducive to the assembly of a diverse seed microbiome. In the culture-based studies, the following patterns emerged: (1) pinyon pine had higher numbers of microbes isolated from its seeds than ponderosa pine. (2) One pinyon phenotype that is herbivore susceptible but drought tolerant (H−D+) had more culturable microbes associated with its seeds than the herbivore-resistant/drought-intolerant phenotype (H+D−). (3) H−D+ bacteria were of a different phylum (Gammaproteobacteria) than H+D− pinyon bacteria and ponderosa pine (Firmicutes). In our culture-independent study, fungal DNA sequences obtained from ponderosa seed were primarily basidiomycete fungi, many of which were ectomycorrhizal species. We infer that the presence of symbiotic fungal taxa and the relative absence of common environmental fungi in two species of pine seed imply filtering of the seed microbiome. We discuss endophyte transmission and propose a new mode, reticulate transmission, which combines elements of both vertical and horizontal transmission.
Are Higher Doses of Consolidation Radiation Therapy Necessary in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Involving Osseous Sites?

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to evaluate whether higher doses of consolidation radiation therapy (RT), which have been traditionally recommended for osseous sites in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), are still necessary. Methods and materials Patients with DLBCL with osseous involvement treated with first-line chemotherapy followed by consolidation RT between 1995 and 2016 were reviewed. The primary endpoint was 5-year freedom from local recurrence, estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Outcomes based on the RT dose received were also assessed. Results A total of 51 patients were identified. The most common chemotherapy regimens were rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (80%) and cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (12%) with a median of 6 cycles (range, 3-8 cycles). After chemotherapy, 82% of patients achieved a complete response (CR), and 18% achieved a partial response (PR). All patients in PR were deemed appropriate for consolidation RT. The median dose was 29 Gy (24 Gy for CR; 36 Gy for PR). After a median follow-up of 86 months, 8 patients relapsed, with 2 relapses in the RT field after consolidation RT of 30 and 39.6 Gy, respectively. Overall, the 5-year freedom from local recurrence was 96% (95% confidence interval [CI], 91%-100%), disease-free survival was 76% (95% CI, 65%-89%), and overall survival was 86% (95% CI, 76%-96%). No dose-response relationship was observed. Conclusions In patients with DLBCL with osseous involvement who achieved a CR after first-line chemotherapy, 20 to 30 Gy of consolidation RT led to high rates of local control. Higher doses should be reserved for patients in PR.
Predicting Viscoelastic Response and Delayed Failures in General Laminated Composites

Although graphite fibers behave in an essentially elastic manner, the polymeric matrix of graphite/epoxy composites is a viscoelastic material which exhibits creep and delayed failures. The creep process is quite slow at room temperature, but may be accelerated by higher temperatures, moisture absorption, and other factors. Techniques are being studied to predict long-term behavior of general laminates based on short-term observations of the unidirectional material at elevated temperatures. A preliminary numerical procedure based on lamination theory is developed for predicting creep and delayed failures in laminated composites. A modification of the Findley nonlinear power law is used to model the constitutive behavior of a lamina. An adaptation of the Tsai-Hill failure criterion is used to predict the time-dependent strength of a lamina. Predicted creep and delayed failure results are compared with typical experimental data.
Immune Mediated Cytopenias Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Non-Malignant Disease: Risk Factors and Treatment Response in the Pediatric Population

Abstract Background: Immune mediated cytopenias (IMC) - isolated or combined hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia - are increasingly recognized as potentially serious complications following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for non-malignant disorders (NMD). However, IMC incidence, severity, response to therapy, and associated risk factors are not well defined. Methods: Pediatric patients undergoing HCT for NMD between 2010 and 2017 at a single institution were identified, excluding those experiencing graft failure or death prior to day +100. Demographics and HCT characteristics were obtained from a prospectively-maintained, institutional database. A retrospective chart review identified cases of IMC with positive direct antiglobulin test, anti-platelet antibody, and/or anti-granulocyte antibody; and documented treatment(s) and response. Composite IMC severity, incorporating peak acuity and response to therapy, was defined as mild (outpatient management with supportive care or a single course of therapy), moderate (outpatient management with 2 or more courses of therapy), or severe (inpatient management with 2 or more courses of therapy). Factors hypothesized to be associated with IMC included younger age, reduced intensity conditioning, mixed or declining donor chimerism, and inherited metabolic disorder as indication for HCT. For the first year after transplant, peripheral blood donor chimerism, B-cell reconstitution, and IgG and IgM levels were obtained. Results: A total of 271 NMD HCT recipients were included, with 53 (20%) exhibiting IMC, 20 (38% of cases) with multiple cell lines affected, diagnosed at a median of 131 days post-HCT (range, 30-264 days). IMC disease was mild, moderate, or severe in 56%, 32%, and 11%, respectively. For those with moderate or severe IMC, all received steroid therapy, with a response rate of 13%. Eighty-seven percent received additional therapy including IVIG, rituximab, bortezomib, and/or vincristine. Resolution of moderate IMC required an average of 2 individualized treatment courses, while severe IMC responded after an average of 6. Notably, no patients died of IMC. Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant association between IMC and younger age at HCT (median 3.1 vs. 7.1 years, p Conclusion: Immune mediated cytopenias following HCT for NMD in a large pediatric cohort was common at 20%, with nearly half of those affected exhibiting clinically significant courses before disease resolution. Elucidation of risk factors may inform modifications to conditioning regimens or other approaches to prevent IMC. We found younger age at HCT, inherited metabolic disorder as HCT indication, and declining donor T-lymphoid chimerism as risk factors for IMC. However, the pathogenesis of IMC post-HCT for NMD remains elusive. Further insights may arise from investigation into the role of infections/molecular mimicry and complement activation. Disclosures Miller: Sangamo Therapeutics: Employment.