cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Electroacupunture “Baihui” and “Zusanli” Points on Irritable Bowel Syndrome Model Rats with Ethology and the Level of 5-HT on Hippocampi

Objective: To observe the effects of electroacupunture(EA) Baihui point and Zusanli point on the visceral sensitivity and Emotional psychology behavior change of the irritable bowel syndrome rat model,and to combine the level of 5-HT in IBS rat model on hippocampi to discuss parts of the mechanism of IBS with emotional psychological disorder in the acupuncture treatment.Methods: To set WISTAR rats as the model of irritable bowel syndrome rats.The postnatal rats were randomized into the normal group,the model group,the model bound group,the EA "Baihui and Zusanli"group(Hereinafter referred to as treatment group).No treatment was done in the normal group and the model group.The model bound group was bounded but not given EA.The treatment group was started to be given EA after duplicating the mold 2nd days.The visceral sensitivity evaluation and Open-field test were operated in rat after the end of treatment.The level of 5-HT in rat hippocampal was measured with Elisa.Results:(1)The estimation of the visceral sensitivity: compared with the normal group,the value of the model group rat belly raising and back hunch-up decreased(P0.05).Compared with the model group,the value of the treatment group rat belly raising and back hunch-up increased obviously(P0.01,P0.05).(2) The Open-flied test: compared with the normal group,the value of rat level activities and vertical activities in the model group and model bound group decreased obviously(P0.01,P0.05).Compared with the model group,the value of rat level activities and vertical activities in the treatment group increased obviously(P0.01,P0.05).Compared with the model bound group,the value of rat level activities and vertical activities in the treatment group increased(P0.05).(3) The level of 5-HT: compared with the normal group,the level of 5-HT was ascent in the model group(P0.05).Compared with the model group,the level of 5-HT was descend in the treatment group(P0.05).Compared with the model bounded group,the level of 5-HT was descend in the treatment group(P0.05).Conclusion: EA Baihui,Zusanli point can reduce the visceral sensitivity and the level of 5-HT in IBS rat model on hippocampi;it can also relieve pain and improve the emotional psychological disorder.
The supracostal approach to the kidney and adrenal

AbstractOur experience with 67 supracostal approaches to the kidney or adrenal gland demonstrates that 1) the exposure was uniformly superb, 2) diaphragm reapproximation was unnecessary, 3) a single pericostal suture soundly closed the intercostal space, 4) no complications could be attributed to inadequate exposure and 5) pleural entry was the most common complication. We have found the supracostal approach to the kidney and adrenal to be satisfactory and recommend it to others.
Abstract P253: Lipid Control in Minority and Nonminority Veterans Following Percutaneous Intervention

Background: Control of lipids is vital in patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). According to the American College of Cardiology (ACC) guidelines, all patients with CAD should have low density lipoprotein (LDL) goals of less than 100 mg/dl. It is unclear whether race plays a role in lipid control. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study focusing on lipid management and statin use in 857 veterans, 41% minority (M) & 59% non-minority (NM), undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between September 2004 and December 2009 at the Jesse Brown Veterans Hospital in Chicago, IL. Values were collected both pre-intervention and at six month follow up. Results: The mean total cholesterol and LDL decreased from prior to intervention to six month follow up in both groups. The mean total cholesterol pre-PCI and at six month follow up was 166 mg/dl & 150 mg/dl, respectively, in the minority group and 165 mg/dl & 150 mg/dl, respectively, in the non-minority group. The mean LDL pre-PCI and at six month follow up was 100 mg/dl & 88 mg/dl, respectively, in the minority group and 94 mg/dl & 82 mg/dl, respectively in the non-minority group. The percent of patients at LDL goals of 100 mg/dl pre-PCI and at six month follow up were 55% and 73% in the minority group and 64% and 77% in the non-minority group. The percent of patients on a statin pre-PCI and at six month follow up were 70% and 91% in the minority group and 75% and 88% in the non-minority group. Conclusions: There were improvements in both total cholesterol and LDL values at six months post-PCI in both the minority and non-minority groups. There were also improvements in the percentage of patients who met the ACC recommended goal of LDL cholesterol less than 100 mg/dl at six months in both groups. At six months, there was also an increase in usage of statin therapy in both groups. Race did not appear to play a significant role in lipid management.
Shock initiation of explosives: Temperature spikes and growth spurts

When energetic materials are subjected to high-velocity impacts, the first steps in the shock-to-detonation transition are the creation, ignition, and growth of hot spots. We used 1–3.2 km s−1 laser-launched flyer plates to impact powdered octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine, a powerful explosive, and monitored hundreds of emission bursts with an apparatus that determined temperature and emissivity at all times. The time-dependent volume fraction of hot spots was determined by measuring the time-dependent emissivity. After the shock, most hot spots extinguished, but the survivors smoldered for hundreds of nanoseconds until their temperatures spiked, causing a hot spot growth spurt. Depending on the impact duration, the growth spurts could be as fast as 300 ns and as slow as 13 μs.
Validating the relevance of leadership in public administration

The pillars of public administration rest on balancing the triumvirate of traditions, managerial, political, and legal, in developing and implementing public policy. The normative concept of leadership has consistently surfaced as an important dimension in the policy process. However, scholarship exploring the importance and relevance of leadership in public administration has been sporadic and limited in scope. This article elucidates the disconnect between the study of leadership and public administration. To validate the relevance of leadership in public administration, future empirical studies must embrace the long-view, heuristic inquiry, and the lifecycle of leadership.
A feasibility study evaluating rhBMP-2/absorbable collagen sponge device for local alveolar ridge preservation or augmentation

This two-center human clinical trial evaluated recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivered in an absorbable collagen sponge (rhBMP-2/ACS) for either alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction or augmentation of localized osseous defects. This 24-month study comprised two parts: a 4-month acute safety and bone induction period (Part I) followed by a 20-month, osseointegration, functional restoration, and long-term safety evaluation (Part II). The primary objective of Part I, discussed in this article, was to evaluate the short-term safety and technical feasibility of the rhBMP-2 device implantation. Twelve patients (six preservation and six augmentation) were enrolled in the investigation. Patient safety was monitored by oral examinations, radiographs, and the collection of blood samples to measure serum chemistries, hematology, and potential antibody formation. Technical feasibility was evaluated by collecting information relating to the handling properties of the rhBMP-2/ACS device. The ability of various evaluative tools to measure the bone-inducing activity of the rhBMP-2/ACS device was also assessed. The clinical results suggested that rhBMP-2/ACS was well tolerated locally and systemically, with no serious adverse events. The device was found to be easily handled and adapted to the ridge and extraction socket. Using direct measurements, all sites demonstrated firmness and fullness to palpation at 4 weeks; however, a loss of volume was noted in some treatment areas between 4 and 8 weeks. Augmentation of the alveolar ridge was not observed in the patients as assessed by the evaluation techniques. This trial indicated that the use of rhBMP-2/ACS to preserve alveolar ridge after tooth extraction or augmentation of localized defects is safe and feasible. Bone fill was observed in all alveolar sockets filled with the rhBMP-2 device.
From Civic Group to Advocacy Coalition: Using a Food Policy Audit as a Tool for Change

‘Food democracy’ suggests that building a policy environment within which a community food system can thrive relies on a politically engaged citizenry. Across North America, civic-oriented groups are conducting grass-roots projects to develop community food systems. Projects are addressing issues such as local food security, healthy food access, and agriculture economic development. Local governments are paying increasing attention to this new policy arena; however, policy environments that support these projects are often lacking. Using the advocacy coalition framework (ACF), this paper presents the case of Franklin County, Ohio to illustrate how a civically-oriented group transitioned into an advo­cacy coalition. A food policy audit was used as a tool to develop technical knowledge that translated the Franklin County Local Food Council’s mission and objectives to political asks, resulting in a policy agenda. Through the audit process, the council identified and secured additional coalition mem­bers and increased the local governance capacity to create a healthy food policy environment. The ACF provides evidence-based framework that can be used elsewhere to evaluate the policy readiness of an FPC. Further, from a practical standpoint, I further the discussion about the utility of a local food policy audit.
Metastatic Extramammary Paget's Disease: Pathogenesis and Novel Therapeutic Approach.

Extramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) is a rare, slow-growing, cutaneous adenocarcinoma that usually originates in the anogenital area and axillae outside the mammary glands. EMPD mostly progresses slowly and is often diagnosed as carcinoma in situ; however, upon becoming invasive, it promptly and frequently metastasizes to regional lymph nodes, leading to subsequent distant metastasis. To date, several chemotherapy regimens have been used to treat metastatic EMPD; however, they present limited effect and patients with distant metastasis exhibit a poor prognosis. Recently, basic and translational investigative research has elucidated factors and molecular mechanisms underlying the promotion of metastasis, which can lead to targeted therapy-based emerging treatment strategies. Here, we aim to discuss current therapies and their limitations; advancements in illustrating mechanisms promoting invasion, migration, and proliferation of EMPD tumor cells; and future therapeutic approaches for metastatic EMPD that may enhance clinical outcomes.
FACTORS AFFECTING PREGNANCY OUTCOMES IN WOMEN WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE: A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE

Pregnancy in women with congenital heart diseases (CHD) imposes unique challenges as a result of the physiological and hemodynamic changes associated with pregnancy. Our study aims to delineate the risk factors predicting adverse maternal and fetal/neonatal outcomes at our institution. A
Trigeminal trophic syndrome following anterior inferior cerebellar artery infarction

A 70-year-old woman with hypertension presented about 3 months ago with complaints of dysarthria, left lower motor neuron facial palsy with preserved Bell’s phenomenon, sensory loss over the left side of her face (V1, V2, V3) along with the left half of the tongue, absent left corneal and conjunctival reflexes, and gait ataxia. MRI of the brain showed an acute left anterior inferior cerebellar artery infarction (figure 1). She was treated with antiplatelets, statins and antihypertensives. Figure 1 MRI of the brain showing an acute infarct in the left anterior inferior cerebellar territory. At present, she complained of 1-month history of multiple non-healing painless ulcers over the left side of her face below the nostril, and on the left side of the nose and forehead. Her left eye had undergone keratosis (figure 2). She had consulted local doctors, who prescribed her topical antibiotics and steroids, and eye-drops, but there was no improvement. There were no vesicles or peripheral nerve thickening. Her vitals were stable. Neurologically, she had left lower motor neuron facial palsy, difficulty in closing her left eye, sensory loss over the trigeminal …
A Format for a New Formula: Arquitecturas Bis (1974–1985)

Among the various publications proliferating architectural discourse in the 1970?s and 80?s, the Spanish, Barcelona-Based Arquitecturas Bis stands out. This is not necessarily or exclusively for the content it propagated, but rather to a unique strategy it employed both in terms of its editorial structure and its unique and innovative graphic design. The format fostered a consistent convergence between text and image, a major contribution to the radical transformation pioneered by little architectural magazines since the 1960s. They became the printed spaces where architecture was discussed for transformation, acting as sites for debate and innovation, working as a powerful medium in the translation and distribution of architectural knowledge. Beyond this, as it most distinguishing feature, Arquitecturas Bis, showed a strong connection to the newspaper aesthetic portraying for the very first time an architecture journal as newspaper via aesthetics.
Accent and Gender Bias in Perceptions of Interactive Voice Systems

Interactive Voice Systems (IVSs) are automated answering systems with pre-recorded menu options that are navigated by the user with keypresses and vocal responses. These systems are increasing in popularity with many companies because they facilitate the fielding of a large volume of callers, reduce personnel costs, improve efficiency, and increase callers’ privacy; however, do people enjoy interacting with these systems? Individual characteristics, such as accent and gender, impact human interactions through biases, and it is likely some biases are maintained in interactions with voice systems. In the present study, participants were given scenarios and instructed to interact with the IVS to complete tasks. The accent and gender of the IVS were manipulated between scenarios, and perceptions of the IVS were gathered after each interaction in terms of pleasantness, likelihood of task completion, likelihood of recommending the system to a friend, and likelihood of using the system again. It was hypothesized that the results would align with findings relating to human interactions and bias, such that participants would prefer their native accent, and the female voice would receive more negative feedback. In contrast to the hypothesis, the Mexican accent was rated more pleasant, likely to me recommended to a friend, and likely to be used again than the American accent, regardless of the participants’ native language. Overall, scenarios with positive outcomes were preferred over those with negative outcomes in all measures, and multiple interactions were found including the participant’s first language and gender and the accent and gender of the IVS.
Vaginal Discharge Due to Undiagnosed Bilateral Duplicated Collecting System with Ectopic Ureters in a Three-Year-Old Female: An Initial High Index of Suspicion for Sexual Abuse

Abstract In prepubertal girls with vaginal discharge, consideration of the etiology must be given to respiratory pathogens ( Streptococcus pyogenes , Haemophilus influenzae , Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus pneumoniae , and Neisseria meningitidis ), enteric pathogens ( Escherichia coli , Shigella , and Yersinia ), poor hygiene, foreign body, nonabsorbent undergarments, irritants, vulvar skin disease, anatomic abnormalities (double vagina with fistula, pelvic abscess, and ectopic ureter), and sexual abuse. 1 Prepubertal girls, outside the newborn period, with suspected gonococcal infection should be strongly considered to be victims of sexual abuse, once congenital and other newborn acquired forms of gonorrhea are excluded. 2,3 We present a case of a three-year-old female with vaginal discharge and fever with a clouded social history, disproportionate distress on physical exam, and initial laboratory gram stain suggestive of gonococcus.
Traditional Systemic Therapy I: Methotrexate and Cyclosporine

This chapter will review the traditional systemic drugs, methotrexate and cyclosporine, both of which are used in treating patients with moderate to severe psoriasis or recalcitrant psoriasis. Systemic therapies are also used in patients with psoriatic arthritis and disease not amenable to topical or light therapy. Methotrexate, a folic acid analogue, has become “the gold standard” of systemic therapies for moderate to severe psoriasis. It is often the initial systemic therapy started and has become the most widely used. Cyclosporine, a T-cell inhibitor that downregulates IL-2, is highly effective and highly efficient. It is often used in short durations when rapid control is desired. The pharmacology and use of these drugs in the treatment of patients with psoriasis will be covered as well as the parameters to screen patients, monitoring guidelines and adverse effects associated with each.
Oppressed Oppressor: Fighting for Queer Values While Fighting to Value Queers

When one is the victim of prejudice, one is often aware of it. When one is the perpetrator of prejudice, however, one may or may not be aware of it. This article details the author's struggle as a bisexual feminist to identify and eliminate her prejudice against transsexuals, particularly MTF (Male To Female) women.
Development and Validation of the Therapist Barriers to Engaging Parents (TBEP) Measure

Parent engagement is a well-documented challenge when delivering child and adolescent mental health treatments. Therapists’ internal experiences, and how they respond to parents, may create a barrier to the parent engagement process. The current study developed the 13-item Therapist Barriers to Engaging Parents measure (TBEP) to assess providers’ internal and external experiences that operate as barriers to parent engagement. The TBEP was completed by 148 child and family therapists across the United States. The TBEP demonstrated strong internal reliability (Cronbach α = .86), and was negatively correlated with counselor efficacy, and significantly positively correlated with burnout, indicating convergent validity. Incremental validity of the subscales of the TBEP was also demonstrated. The TBEP appears to be a psychometrically sound measure of the internal barriers mental health providers experience when trying to engage parents.
Oleate hydratase from Staphylococcus aureus protects against palmitoleic acid, the major antimicrobial fatty acid produced by mammalian skin

Oleate hydratases (OhyAs) belong to a large family of bacterial proteins catalyzing the hydration or isomerization of double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids. A Staphylococcus aureus gene (Sa0102) is predicted to encode an OhyA. Here, we recombinantly expressed and purified SaOhyA and found that it forms a homodimer that requires FAD for activity. SaOhyA hydrates only unsaturated fatty acids containing cis-9 double bonds, but not fatty acids with trans-9 double bonds or cis double bonds at other positions. SaOhyA products were not detected in S. aureus phospholipids and were released into the growth medium. S. aureus does not synthesize unsaturated fatty acids, and the SaOhyA substrates are derived from infection sites. Palmitoleate (16:1(9Z)) is a major mammalian skin-produced antimicrobial fatty acid that protects against S. aureus infection, and we observed that it is an SaOhyA substrate and that its hydroxylated derivative is not antimicrobial. Treatment of S. aureus with 24 μm 16:1(9Z) immediately arrested growth, followed by growth resumption after a lag period of 2 h. The ΔohyA mutant strain did not recover from the 16:1(9Z) challenge, and increasing SaOhyA expression using a plasmid system prevented the initial growth arrest. Challenging S. aureus with sapienic acid (16:1(6Z)), an antimicrobial fatty acid produced only by human skin, arrested growth without recovery in WT, ΔohyA, and SaOhyA-overexpressing strains. We conclude that SaOhyA protects S. aureus from palmitoleic acid, the antimicrobial unsaturated fatty acid produced by most mammals, and that sapienic acid, uniquely produced by humans, counters the OhyA-dependent bacterial defense mechanism.
Multispectral Plasmonic Perfect Absorbers Integrated with Room-Temperature VO x Air-Bridge Bolometers

Room-temperature microbolometer arrays with sensitivity in narrow wavelength bands for spectral imaging in the mid-wave and long-wave infrared are described. The approach is based on vanadium-oxide air-bridge bolometers that are integrated with plasmonic resonant absorbers to maintain response speed without adding processing complexity.
Artistic Solutions to Sociological Problems: Seeing (with) Giuliana in Antonioni’s Red Desert (Il deserto rosso, 1964)

Given Michelangelo Antonioni’s reputation as quintessential modernist art film director, one might think that every movie he had a hand in producing has been exhaustively analyzed. In fact, that is really only true of L’avventura (1960), which has effectively come to stand in for the whole of Antonioni’s oeuvre. Despite its being one of a tetralogy of defining films Antonioni directed in the 1960s, and despite its being the only one of these four important movies shot in color, Red Desert has received relatively little critical attention. One consequence is that no real dialectical progress has been made in our understanding of basic issues—the film’s take on modernity, for example, or its attitude toward its protagonist, Giuliana. These issues, indeed, tend to get treated as if they were unrelated. But Giuliana’s neurotic response to the modern world surely functions as both an aspect of and a vehicle for Red Desert’s critique of modernity.
An 11 year old with Sickle cell disease, somnolence and high fever- And it's not sickle cell crisis

Case: 11 y/o African- American male with sickle-cell disease with 3 days of fever. H/o travel to Nigeria X2 weeks; returned 10 days ago. At admission, the patient was febrile at 39°C with icterus+. Hemoglobin was 6.2 g/dL with a baseline of 8 g/dL. Peripheral blood smear for malarial parasites was negative. Within 2 hours of admission, the patient became hypoxic, somnolent and hypotensive. Repeat laboratory work-up showed a hemoglobin of 4.5 g/dL, platelet …
Introduction: Sustainable Birth in Disruptive Times

In this introductory chapter, we describe our volume as intersectional, human-rights oriented, transdisciplinary, science-driven, and community-based. We highlight and define key terms such as “sustainability” and “disruption” by showing how sustainable models of birth flexibly respond and adapt to disruptive times of rising social inequalities compounded by the uncertainties of climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic. We describe models of care that disrupt binaries that pit providers against patients, hospitals against home birth settings, obstetric against midwifery models of care, high- resource versus low-resource settings, and bureaucracies versus individuals. We lay out an evidence-based framework for adopting sustainable midwifery models of care across the globe that are adaptable and resilient in the face of rising social inequality and scarcity. We address the growing consensus that promoting costly obstetric care across the globe at the expense of midwifery care can produce care that is either TLTL (too little too late) or TMTS (too much too soon). Instead we illustrate models of care that provide evidence-based, timely, humanistic, and holistic care in order to improve maternal and newborn outcomes.
Large eddy simulation of premixed turbulent combustion using a non-adiabatic, strain-sensitive flamelet approach

Abstract In this study, a novel strained, non-adiabatic flamelet generated manifold (FGM) model is developed based on a counterflow premixed flame. The different levels of strain and heat loss are introduced into the flamelets by varying the stagnation point strain rate and burnt temperature of the counterflow configuration. The strain rate response of these flamelets is found to exhibit different extinction patterns for different ranges of burnt temperature. A priori studies are performed to compare the phase-space flame structures of the strained and unstrained flamelets. It is found that the strained flamelet degenerates towards the unstrained flamelet with burnt temperature decreasing. A bifurcation burnt temperature is further defined that separates the two types of flamelet quenching that are driven by strain and heat loss. An appropriate set of tabulation parameters is chosen that preserves the uniqueness of mapping between the manifold and the populated flamelets. The external boundaries of the tabulations are defined, where the proposed model degenerates into the conventional unstrained/non-adiabatic FGM manifold. Internal tabulation boundaries are defined to distinguish different combustion modes among stable combustion, strain-induced quenching, and heat-loss-induced quenching. The model is validated using large eddy simulation (LES) of a confined turbulent premixed jet flame. The proposed FGM model vastly increases accuracy of predictions when both strain and heat loss effects are included. Without accounting for these effects, there are discrepancies in the prediction of flame height and temperature as compared with experimental data. An analysis of the dominant physical process (strain, heat loss) that contributes to the evolution of the turbulent flame is performed.
Hypergestures in Complex Time: Creative Performance Between Symbolic and Physical Reality

Musical performance and composition imply hypergestural transformation from symbolic to physical reality and vice versa. But most scores require movements at infinite physical speed that can only be performed approximately by trained musicians. To formally solve this divide between symbolic notation and physical realization, we introduce complex time (\(\mathbb {C}\)-time) in music. In this way, infinite physical speed is “absorbed” by a finite imaginary speed. Gestures thus comprise thought (in imaginary time) and physical realization (in real time) as a world-sheet motion in space-time, corresponding to ideas from physical string theory. Transformation from imaginary to real time gives us a measure of artistic effort to pass from potentiality of thought to physical realization of artwork. Introducing \(\mathbb {C}\)-time we define a musical kinematics, calculate Euler-Lagrange equations, and, for the case of the elementary gesture of a pianist’s finger, solve corresponding Poisson equations that describe world-sheets which connect symbolic and physical reality.
5 – Brain Scanning/Neuroimaging

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on functional imaging of the human brain. Functional brain imaging is designed to reveal regional brain activity while the person is engaged in a psychological task chosen to maintain the brain in a specific mode during the imaging procedure. Functional images change in a person depending on the task performed or the state of the brain such as awake, asleep, at rest, and problem solving and often reveal complex relationships between activation or deactivation in well-defined anatomic areas and specific cognitive processes. The interpretation of functional images depends on the psychological task or brain state engaged during the imaging, and the sophistication of the task is a major factor to be considered. Scans during two or more task conditions or states are compared to show the brain areas that differ in activity among the conditions. Much neuroimaging now uses structural MRI as the basis for individual or group data and superimposes (coregistration) functional data. New neuroimaging studies can use increasingly sophisticated research designs incorporating levels of cognitive ability, task strategy alternatives, easy and hard versions of tasks, and a variety of tasks to probe specific brain areas and systems.
Abstract W P183: Testing the Utility of an Emergency Room-Based Stroke Evaluation Protocol

Background and purpose: A fundamental goal in diagnostic stroke evaluation is to identify the underlying etiology. We sought to determine the yield of an emergency department-based diagnostic evaluation protocol for identifying the etiology of stroke. Methods: We determined etiologic stroke subtypes using the automated Causative Classification System (CCS, available at https://ccs.mgh.harvard.edu) in 2422 consecutive patients with ischemic stroke at admission and discharge. Admission assessment was based on information from clinical evaluation, ECG, brain imaging (CT or MRI), and vascular imaging (CTA/MRA). Discharge CCS was performed blinded to the admission CCS subtype using information from additional tests such as echocardiography, cardiac monitoring, and special blood and CSF tests. Results: Table 1 shows the distribution of CCS subtypes. Overall, admission and discharge CCS subtypes were different in 29% of the patients. The size of “undetermined” category decreased from 37% at admission to 12% at discharge. The shift from “undetermined” to a known etiology was primarily due to detection of cardiac sources with low or uncertain risk of stroke (94%). The yield of investigations performed after admission in identifying a major known subtype was only 4.1% (p=0.008). Conclusions: A careful clinical evaluation and first-line diagnostic testing including brain and vascular imaging in the emergency department identify > 90% of those with a major stroke etiology. The low yield of additional testing suggests a need for developing cost-effective evaluation strategies in suspected patients. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE, LEADERSHIP AND INDIVIDUAL RESPONSES TO SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN THE ACTIVE DUTY MILITARY

This analysis explores patterns of response to the harassment experiences that had the greatest effect on the respondents to the "1988 Department of Defense (DoD) Survey of Sex Roles In the Active-Duty Military.· We analyze the respondents perceptions about effectiveness of their responses, and respondents' opinions about the efforts of senior military leadership, and their own immediate supervisor's efforts to "make honest and reasonable efforts to stop sexual harassment In the activity military" (DoD, 1988). Results Indicate that attempts to stop sexual harassment must focus on two efforts simultaneously: lowering actual Incidence, and providing a safe organizational environment In which policies to redress Incidents can be utilized without fear of negative consequences. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
Encyclopedia of Social Work with Groups by Gitterman, A., & Salmon, R. (Eds.)

The idea of an encyclopedia of group work has been bouncing around for quite some time now. The task was undoubtedly quite daunting and was placed in the expert hands of Alex Gitterman and Robert S...
How not to make ethical decisions: Guidelines from management textbooks

Since 1974, business programs have responded to the AACSB's requiring enhancement of instruction in ethics. One way has been through the integration of ethics coverage across departments. In Management, the introductory textbooks that provide coverage of ethics often attempt to simplify for students the process of making ethics decisions by presenting guidelines or tests. We examine two such guidelines, the TV and significant others tests, and discuss their myriad severe deficiencies. Specific ways in which four of the stakeholders in this issue – authors, publishers, instructors, and business schools – can respond to these deficiencies are suggested.
Statistical reporting in randomized controlled trials from the dermatology literature: a review of 44 dermatology journals

Summary Background The validity of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is determined by several statistical factors. Objectives To determine the level of recent statistical reporting in RCTs from the dermatology literature. Methods We searched MEDLINE for all RCTs published between 1 May 2013 and 1 May 2014 in 44 dermatology journals. Results Two hundred and ten articles were screened, of which 181 RCTs from 27 journals were reviewed. Primary study outcomes were met in 122 (67·4%) studies. Sample size calculations and beta values were reported in 52 (28·7%) and 48 (26·5%) studies, respectively, and nonsignificant findings were supported in only 31 (17·1%). Alpha values were reported in 131 (72·4%) of studies with 45 (24·9%) having two-sided P-values, although adjustment for multiple statistical tests was performed in only 16 (9·9% of studies with ≥ two statistical tests performed). Sample size calculations were performed based on a single outcome in 44 (86·3%) and multiple outcomes in six (11·8%) studies. However, among studies that were powered for a single primary outcome, 20 (45·5%) made conclusions based on multiple primary outcomes. Twenty-one (41·2%) studies relied on secondary/unspecified outcomes. There were no differences for primary outcome being met (Chi-square, P = 0·29), sample size calculations (P ≥ 0·55), beta values (P = 0·89), alpha values (P = 0·65), correction for multiple statistical testing (P = 0·59), two-sided alpha (P = 0·64), support of nonsignificant findings (Fisher's exact, P = 0·23) based on the journal's impact factor. Conclusions Levels of statistical reporting are low in RCTs from the dermatology literature. Future work is needed to improve these levels of reporting.
End-stage renal disease increases the risk of mortality after appendectomy

Introduction With each passing year, the number of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is increasing steadily, but there are limited data on the postoperative outcomes of these patients after appendectomy. Methods Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we identified all patients who underwent appendectomy in the United States between 1998 and 2010. We used International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification codes to identify patients with ESRD and to track postoperative complications during hospital admission. Statistical models were controlled for age, sex, race, insurance type, number of Elixhauser comorbidities, year of admission, perforation of the appendix, and operative approach. Results The study population included 5,712 patients with ESRD, with the remaining 3,615,391 patients serving as reference controls. Patients with ESRD had risk of death that was nearly 5 times greater than controls (odds ratio [OR] 5.68; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.96–8.15; P < .001); this risk was similar for nonperforated (OR 4.97; P < .001) and perforated (5.96; P = .004) appendicitis. The risk of death, however, was greater for open appendectomy (OR 6.65; P < .001) compared with laparoscopic appendectomy (OR 2.50; P = .060). Patients with ESRD also were at an increased risk of mechanical wound complication (OR 1.58; P = .040) and had a mean duration of stay that was 34% greater compared with controls (P < .001). Conclusion Patients with ESRD undergoing appendectomy were at an increased risk of death. These patients also had an increased risk of mechanical wound complications and had a greater duration of hospital stay. Future studies should investigate the specific causes of death among patients with ESRD after appendectomy and optimal management strategies in this subset of patients.
Dating initiation from a woman's perspective*

On anonymous questionaires, 106 male undergraduate subjects indicated whether they generally preferred for women to ask, hint, or wait to be asked for dates (the initiation-preference factor). These men were also given four different response sets, i.e., thinking of a woman whom they: wanted to date, liked as a person, felt indifference towards, or disliked (the liking factor). Under each of these sets, a subject indicated how he would behave towards the woman and how he would respond if she were to take each of six different dating-initiation approaches towards him. The liking factor strongly affected men's responses to women's approaches, whereas the initiation-preference factor had almost no effect. If a man liked a woman, she could probably initiate a date by asking or hinting; if he did not like her, getting a date with him would be unlikely whether she asked, hinted, or waited. A discriminant analysis revealed behavioral cues women can use to predict how men feel about them. The widely held view that men prefer women who play hard-to-get was not supported.
Spatial simulation of rock strength properties using a Markov-Bayes method

Abstract In most rock engineering projects, actual measurements of rock strengths often are limited to a few observations over large volumes of the rock mass. However, these few data can be complemented by secondary information such as qualitative lithology descriptions or drilling characteristics, which typically are available across much of the study region. A Markov-Bayes method can be used to combine these types of information to produce spatial simulations of rock strength properties. A case study that illustrates this simulation procedure has been completed for the siltstone roof in a selected 6×18-m area of an underground coal mine. Three-dimensional simulations, or stochastic images, of the uniaxial compressive strength and the modulus of elasticity were generated using hard data from four core holes and secondary data in the form of averaged specific energy of drilling values (SED) from 95 rock-bolt holes. Such images not only provide a probabilistic model of rock strength, but also describe the natural variability and spatial fluctuations as well.
The effect of improved readability scores on consumers' perceptions of the quality of health information on the internet.

Background. Recent growth and use of the internet as a source of health information has raised concerns about consumers’ ability to comprehend this information. Although health scholars argue that writing web pages at an eighth-grade level or lower will help patients, few studies involve actual readers to investigate the effects of improved readability scores on partient’s perceptions of this information.Methods. This study examines American consumer evaluations of web pages written at different grade reading levels. In spring of 2005, a community-wide intercept survey was performed in a regional hub city in southeastern Ohio. Five hundred nineteen participants were randomly assigned to receive one of three messages discussing lung cancer prevention: one written at the eighth grade level, one at the ninth grade level, and one at the fist year college level. Independentt-tests were conducted to compare the messages on measures of perceived trustworthiness, truthfulness, readability, and completeness.Results. Improving the reading level of online information had no significant effect on consumers’ evaluations of the messages’ readability or completeness, nor a consistent effect on the perceived truthfulness or trustworthiness of the message.Conclusions. The results suggest that by simply changing the readability level of online information may not improve consumers; evaluation of the quality of health information on the internet. The authors offer alternative possibilities for why some sources of online health information may be seen as more valuable than others.
Modified Step-Up Protein Feeding Regimens for Egg-Type Chickens. 1. Growth and Production Performance

Effects of sequential changes in dietary protein on growth from 0 to 20 weeks of age and on egg production from 20 to 72 weeks of age were evaluated with White Leghorn chickens. Four dietary treatments were compared. They consisted of three dietary regimens wherein an 18% crude protein (CP) diet was fed to 1, 2, or 3 weeks of age (Treatments 1, 2, and 3, respectively) and then common 12, 15, and 18% CP diets to 8, 14, and 20 weeks, respectively. These three regimens were compared with a control regimen (Treatment 4) that consisted of feeding 18, 15, and 12% CP diets to 6, 14, and 20 weeks of age, respectively. At 20 weeks of age, 144 birds from each treatment were moved into laying cages for the subsequent 52 weeks of egg production. In comparison with birds on the control feeding regimen, those reared under Treatments 1, 2, and 3 consumed significantly less feed during the 20-week growing period. Birds of Treatments 2 and 3 consumed significantly more protein than those of Treatments 1 and 4. By feeding a 12% CP diet from 1, 2, and 3 to 8 weeks of age, body weights were significantly lower than the average body weight of the control birds, approximately 20, 17, and 13%, respectively, by 6 weeks of age, but only 2 to 4% at 16 weeks of age, and by nonsignificant amounts at 28 weeks of age. Treatment 1 birds consumed 1.8% (significantly) less feed per unit body weight and were 2.6% (significantly) lighter at 20 weeks of age compared with the control birds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Efficacy of methylprednisolone therapy for the injured rat spinal cord.

Currently the synthetic glucocorticosteroid methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) is the standard therapy after acute spinal cord injury (SCI) in humans based on reported neurological improvements. The mechanisms for its beneficial actions are not entirely clear, but experimental evidence suggests MPSS affords some degree of neuroprotection. As many studies with rat models of SCI have been unable to demonstrate improved behavioral outcome or tissue sparing after MPSS treatment, we chose to stereologically assess whether it alters lesion volume and tissue sparing over time, as well as long-term behavioral recovery. Adult rats subjected to contusion SCI with the NYU impactor were administered either MPSS or saline for 24 hr beginning 5 min post injury. Over time the lesion dimensions were extremely dynamic, such that by 6 weeks post injury the volumes were reduced to a third of those seen after the first week. MPSS marginally reduced lesion volumes across time vs. controls, but the amount of spared gray and white matter remained unaltered between the two groups. Behavioral results further showed that MPSS failed to improve recovery of hind-limb function. These findings add to the emerging scrutiny of MPSS as the standard therapy for acute SCI, as well as indicate the existence of a therapeutic window for tissue sparing restricted to the first several days after this type of SCI in rats. Equally important, our results caution the use of lesion volume dimensions or percent tissue sparing at the epicenter as indicators of therapeutic efficacy because neither reflects the actual amount of tissue sparing.
Histopathological Similarities between Scrapie and Cuprizone Toxicity in Mice

PREVIOUS work with scrapie led us to conclude1 that the transmissible agent was unlikely to be a conventional virus. We have presented evidence2 that the transmissible agent may be, or may be associated with, a small basic protein (polypeptide) of the kind involved in the production of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, and we have recorded the possible occurrence of the agent in tissues of normal animals3–5. These observations have neither been confirmed nor disproved in other laboratories and various other hypotheses on the nature of scrapie and its transmissible agent remain unproved6–8. The “slow virus” hypothesis still favoured by some9 is now at variance with the impressive experimental evidence from ultraviolet irradiation studies10–13 that the transmissible agent may not contain nucleic acid.
FREE VIBRATIONS OF A LINEAR THERMOPIEZOELECTRIC BODY

We study the effect of heat conduction on the shift in the frequencies of a freely vibrating linear piezoelectric body by using two perturbation methods. In one method a small parameter that is associated with the thermal conductivity is employed, and in the other the small parameter involves the thermocoupling constants. In each case it is shown that the first-order effect on frequencies is to shift them by a small imaginary number thereby signifying that the effect of energy dissipation due to heat conduction is to reduce the amplitude of vibration.
Perceptions About Occupational Experiences by People Who Stutter

We explored the perceptions about work experiences and discrimination that people who stutter (PWS) report. A total of 184 PWS responded to a paper and pencil or an online version of a questionnair...
Localizing the action of two thiadiazolyl herbicidal derivatives

Abstract Enzymatically isolated leaf cells from navy beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L., cv. “Tuscola”) were used to study the effect of buthidazole (3-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-imidazolidinone) and tebuthiuron ( N -[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]- N,N′ -dimethylurea) on photosynthesis, protein, ribonucleic acid (RNA), and lipid synthesis. The incorporation of NaH 14 CO 3 , [ 14 C]leucine, [ 14 C]uracil, and [ 14 C]acetic acid as substrates for the respective metabolic process was measured. Time-course and concentration studies included incubation periods of 30, 60, and 120 min and concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μ M of both herbicides. Photosynthesis was very sensitive to both buthidazole and tebuthiuron and was inhibited in 30 min by 0.1 μ M concentrations. RNA and lipid syntheses were inhibited 50 and 87%, respectively, by buthidazole and 42 and 64%, respectively, by tebuthiuron after 120 min at 100 μ M concentration. Protein synthesis was not affected by any herbicide at any concentration or any exposure time period. The inhibitory effects of buthidazole and tebuthiuron on RNA and lipid syntheses may be involved in the ultimate herbicidal action of these herbicidal chemicals.
QUADRUPOLE MOMENT OF THE FIRST EXCITED STATE IN 36Ar

Abstract The static quadrupole moment of the first excited state in 36Ar has been measured by the reorientation effect in projectile Coulomb excitation. The results are Q( 36 Ar , 2 + ) = +0.11 ± 0.06 b and B(E2; 0+ → 2+) = 0.032 ± 0.005 e2b2.
Implications For Reform: Survey Of California Adults Suggests Low Health Literacy Predicts Likelihood Of Being Uninsured

Despite high rates of low health literacy among uninsured American adults, empirical research until now has not quantified whether low health literacy is associated with lack of health insurance above and beyond other related factors, such as employment, the availability of employment-based insurance, race or ethnicity, and poverty. This study analyzed a large, representative sample of adults in California and found that even when these related factors were considered, people with low health literacy were more likely to be uninsured than those with adequate health literacy. This finding represents the first empirical evidence that low health literacy predicts the lack of health insurance in adults. The study also found that among people who were uninsured, those with low health literacy were sicker and less likely to have ever had health insurance. They were also more likely to be eligible for the expanded Medicaid program under the Affordable Care Act, compared to uninsured respondents with adequate heal...