cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fully modified 2′ MOE oligonucleotides redirect polyadenylation

Many genes have been described and characterized that have alternative polyadenylation signals at the 3'-end of their pre-mRNAs. Many of these same messages also contain destabilization motifs responsible for rapid degradation of the mRNA. Polyadenylation site selection can thus determine the stability of an mRNA. Fully modified 2'-O:-methoxy ethyl/phosphorothioate oligonucleotides that hybridize to the 3'-most polyadenylation site or signal of E-selectin were able to inhibit polyadenylation at this site and redirect it to one of two upstream cryptic sites. The shorter transcripts produced after antisense treatment have fewer destabilization sequences, increased mRNA stability and altered protein expression. This study demonstrates that antisense oligonucleotides can be successfully employed to redirect polyadenylation. This is the first demonstration of the use of oligonucleotides to increase, rather than decrease, abundance of a message.
The effect of exposure to conspecifics on restlessness in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

When habitat quality is variable, there should be strong selection for the ability to detect and respond to the variation. Adult females of the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) are known to increase their restlessness (the proportion of time in locomotion) both during and after exposure to a poor quality host. Doing so provides a mechanism for leaving a poor host and potentially finding a better host. This study examined whether restlessness also changes in response to competition as indicated by the presence of adult conspecifics. Both restlessness and the probability of dispersing across an inhospitable environment were greater when a female was with another female than when she was alone. However, restlessness did not remain elevated after the other female was removed. In contrast with females, restlessness of males did not increase either during or after exposure to other males, and the probability of dispersing across an inhospitable environment was unaffected by the presence of another m...
What is Transformation?: Nine Principles Toward an Understanding of the Transformational Process for Transformational Leadership

This paper seeks to offer an exploration of nine basic principles of transformational learning and organizational change theory as well as the implications of these principles for transformational leadership. While there are many theoretical discussions of transformational leadership (Anderson & Anderson, 2001; Bass, 1985; Bass & Avolio, 1994, Bass and Reggio, 2006; Burns 1978, 2003; Hacker & Roberts, 2004; Nanus, 1992; Tichy & Devanna, 1990), with some common aspects to their transformational leadership theories and some significant differences, nearly all take for granted transformational learning theory. This paper posits that leaders who wish to lead in transformational ways must clearly understand the process of transformation, and in order to do so, they must be grounded at least to some extent in transformational learning theory (Cranton, 1994, 1994, 2006a, 2006b; Mezirow, 1990, 1991, 1997, 2000; Taylor 2006). The nine principles presented below take the first step toward that understanding.
Role of glucocorticoids in the response of rat leg muscles to reduced activity.

Adrenalectomy did not prevent atrophy of rat soleus muscle during 6 days of tail cast suspension. Cortisol treatment enhanced the atrophy and caused atrophy of the weight-bearing soleus and both extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. Unloading led to increased sarcoplasmic protein concentration in the soleus but cortisol administration increased the myhofibrillar (+stromal) protein concentration in both muscles. Suspension of hindlimbs of adrenalectomized animals led to faster protein degradation, slower sarcoplasmic protein degradation, and faster myofibrillar protein synthesis in the isolated soleus, whereas with cortisol-treated animals, the difference in synthesis of myofibrillar proteins was enhanced and that of sarcoplasmic proteins was abolished. Both soleus and EDL of suspended, cortisol-treated animals showed faster protein degradation. It is unlikely that any elevation in circulating glucocorticoids was solely responsible for atrophy of the soleus in this model, but catabolic amounts of glucocorticoids could alter the response of muscle to unloading.
Copper(II)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular Carboamination of Alkenes

The enantioselective oxidative cyclizations of γ-alkenyl arylsulfonamides and a δ-alkenyl arylsulfonamide for the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles are presented. The reactions are catalyzed by chiral copper(II) complexes, and MnO2 is used as the inexpensive stoichiometric oxidant. A variety of five-membered heterocycles and a tetrahydroisoquinoline have been synthesized in good to excellent yields with good to excellent levels of enantioselectivity. This is the first reported copper-catalyzed enantioselective carboamination of alkenes.
Effect of natural convection on laser chemical vapor deposition with a stationary laser beam

Effect of natural convection on laser chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) of titanium nitride on a finite slab under irradiation by a stationary laser beam is investigated numerically. Natural convection due to temperature and concentration differences in the gases mixture is modeled and implemented into the thermal model of LCVD. The results show that the effect of natural convection on the shape of deposited film is very insignificant for all cases studied. The effects of laser beam properties and initial pressure of the source gases are also investigated.
Memory in Educational Settings

We describe three theoretical principles from cognitive science that have implications for educational practice: introducing desirable difficulties during learning, processing information to extract meaning, and the importance of a match between the processing that occurs during initial learning and the processing required by the criterial task. We use these principles to evaluate the effectiveness of three strategies typically used to guide the initial learning of material (advance organizers, underlining and highlighting, and note taking) and three strategies for poststudy processing (retrieval practice, feedback processing, and spacing of practice). Finally, we consider the issues of long-term retention, transfer, and the relativity of memory phenomena, all of which often constrain the applicability of basic research to educational settings.
Clinical Presentation of the Adult Chiari I Malformation

Adult patients with Chiari malformation, sometimes referred to as hindbrain descent, most frequently present with symptoms in their 20s and 30s.
Uncertainty quantification for discrimination of nuclear events as violations of the comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty

Enforcement of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) will involve monitoring for radiologic indicators of underground nuclear explosions (UNEs). A UNE produces a variety of radioisotopes which then decay through connected radionuclide chains. A particular species of interest is xenon, namely the four isotopes (131m)Xe, (133m)Xe, (133)Xe, and (135)Xe. Due to their half lives, some of these isotopes can exist in the subsurface for more than 100 days. This convenient timescale, combined with modern detection capabilities, makes the xenon family a desirable candidate for UNE detection. Ratios of these isotopes as a function of time have been studied in the past for distinguishing nuclear explosions from civilian nuclear applications. However, the initial yields from UNEs have been treated as fixed values. In reality, these independent yields are uncertain to a large degree. This study quantifies the uncertainty in xenon ratios as a result of these uncertain initial conditions to better bound the values that xenon ratios can assume. We have successfully used a combination of analytical and sampling based statistical methods to reliably bound xenon isotopic ratios. We have also conducted a sensitivity analysis and found that xenon isotopic ratios are primarily sensitive to only a few of many uncertain initial conditions.
Communication in Shared Memory: Concepts, Definitions, and Efficient Detection

Optimizing the communication behavior of parallel applications has emerged as an important topic in parallel processing. In shared memory architectures, threads communicate implicitly through memory accesses to shared memory areas. The communication behavior can be improved by mapping threads that communicate a lot to processing units that are close to each other in the memory hierarchy, such that they can benefit from shared caches and faster interconnections. An important aspect of such a communication-aware thread mapping is the accurate and efficient detection of communication in shared memory. Previous work used impromptu definitions, without an evaluation of the complexities of different communication types. In this paper, we perform an in-depth, systematic evaluation of communication in shared memory, focusing on its architectural effects. We present an efficient way to detect communication, which is orders of magnitude faster than a cache simulator, while maintaining a high accuracy.
Titanium Germanosilicide: Phase Formation, Segregation, and Morphology

The high temperature solid phase reaction of Ti with Si x Ge 1−x produces a low resistivity titanium germanosilicide which is isomorphic with the C54 phase of TiSi 2 and TiGe 2 . The composition of the final C54 Ti(Si y Ge 1−y ) 2 film is dependent on the composition of the initial Si-Ge alloy and on the annealing conditions. The intermediate phases of the Ti-Si and Ti-Ge reactions are C49 TiSi 2 and Ti 6 Ge 5 respectively. The reaction path of Ti - Si x Ge 1−x shifts from that of Ti-Si to that of Ti-Ge as the Si x Ge 1−x alloy composition changes (×=1→0). Phase separations were observed at low temperatures for Ti reactions with Si-Ge alloys and the C54 formation temperature was observed to decrease as the Si-Ge alloy composition approached Si .5 Ge .5 . Surface and interface morphologies were examined using SEM and TEM. The formation of smooth, large grain, low resistivity films has been observed for the reaction of Ti with low Ge content alloys (x≥0.7). As germanium content is increased the formation of faceted islands is observed. Reactions with high Ge content alloys (x≤0.3) produce films with morphologies similar to those of the Ti-Ge reaction.
Adverse consequences of neonatal antibiotic exposure.

Purpose of reviewAntibiotics have not only saved lives and improved outcomes, but they also influence the evolving microbiome. This review summarizes reports on neonatal infections and variation in antibiotic utilization, discusses the emergence of resistant organisms, and presents data from human n
Automatic for the people: the automation of communicative labor

ABSTRACTArtificial intelligence is rapidly giving rise to new automated technologies. Among the most important of these innovations is the development of artificially intelligent machines that produce increasingly sophisticated forms of oral and written discourse. As more of our communicative encounters are with artificial agents, our notions of communicative labor, surveillance, and digital rhetoric will have to contend with these extensive shifts. As a step in this direction, the present article evaluates several trends in the automation of oral and written discourse, examining their social and economic impact.
Interactive Services Marketing: The Relationships Among Information, Technology and Exchange Transactions in Services Marketing

This paper attempts to identify the impact of information and technical support systems, increased transaction standards and more cross-functional and integrated companies on the execution and quality of services marketing. The changes in several dimensions have affected services marketing, altering the way service encounters are supported and delivered. With more data and with faster exchange transactions, the overall level of customer expectations and service quality has increased. This combination of factors has led to implications for services marketing which are presented here as a theoretical framework called interactive services marketing.
Articulating Goals and Monitoring Progress in a Cyprus Conflict Resolution Training Workshop

The conflict on Cyprus between Greek and Turkish Cypriots shares a number of important characteristics with other intransigent ethnic conflicts. First of all it is both a domestic conflict, splitting the inhabitants of the island, and an international one drawing in its larger neighbours Greece and Turkey both members of NATO and the United Nations which has a large peacekeeping force stationed in Cyprus and maintains the division of the island into the Turks in the north and the Greeks in the south. Since 1973 there has been little contact between Greek and Turkish Cypriots and little movement towards the development of a political solution which both can accept. Some argue, in fact, that the presence of the UN troops and the not-so-hurting stalemate provide little incentive for the two sides to make peace. Seeming to fear that this is the case, the UN regularly threatens to withdraw its troops unless progress towards peace is made. Indeed, several years ago the Canadian contingent which up to then had been the largest one is the UN force was significantly reduced for just this reason.
Natural generalized mirage mediation

In the supersymmetric scenario known as mirage mediation (MM), the soft supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking terms receive comparable anomaly-mediation and moduli-mediation contributions leading to the phenomenon of mirage unification. The simplest MM SUSY breaking models which are consistent with the measured Higgs mass and sparticle mass constraints are strongly disfavored by fine-tuning considerations. However, while MM makes robust predictions for gaugino masses, the scalar sector is quite sensitive to specific mechanisms for moduli stabilization and potential uplifting. We suggest here a broader setup of generalized mirage mediation (GMM), where heretofore discrete parameters are allowed as continuous to better parametrize these other schemes. We find that natural SUSY spectra consistent with both the measured value of ${m}_{h}$ as well as LHC lower bounds on superpartner masses are then possible. We explicitly show that models generated from natural GMM may be beyond the reach of even high-luminosity LHC searches. In such a case, the proposed International Linear ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ Collider will be required for natural SUSY discovery via higgsino pair production reactions. We also outline prospects for detection of higgsino-like WIMPs from natural GMM.
Mutagenesis and Gene Cloning in Schizosaccharomyces pombe Using Nonhomologous Plasmid Integration and Rescue

Genes are commonly cloned in yeast s and bacteria by plasmid complementation , where the introduction of the gene of inte r est into a host strain carrying a recessiv e mutation in that gene suppresses the host’ s mutant phenotype. However, a lack of low copy cloning vectors in the fission yeas t Schizosaccharomyces pomb ecan compl i cate this approach especially when overe x pression of one gene may suppress a defec t in another gene or when overexpression o f the desired gene is detrimental, if not lethal , to the cell. We describe here a method o f identifying mutations in S. pomb ethat a l lows for the rapid and direct cloning of th e defective gene. This involves the nonhomo l ogous integration of a marked plasmid into the yeast genome and its subsequent rescu e into Escherichia col i, so that DNA at the sit e of insertion is incorporated into the reco v ered plasmid. As two of three insertions ob tained in this study occurred outside of th e affected gene’s open reading frame, thi s method should be applicable to cloning both essential genes and nonessential genes .
Drugging ACAT1 for Cancer Therapy.

In this issue, Fan et al. (2016) show that oncogenic tyrosine kinases can promote glycolysis by phosphorylating and stabilizing the tetrameric form of mitochondrial acetyl-coA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1). The authors further identify a small molecule ACAT1 inhibitor that displays anti-cancer effects.
Comparative phototaxis of calanoid and harpacticoid copepods

A comparative taxonomic approach was used to examine copepod phototaxis. The sign of phototaxis, spectral responses, and intensity thresholds were examined for two species each from the orders Calanoida and Harpacticoida. Parvocalanus crassirostris is a typical calanoid, living in the water column, while P. pelagicus (Calanoida) is unusual in having a benthic association. Tisbe biminiensis is a typical harpacticoid, living on the benthos, while Euterpina acutifrons (Harpacticoida) is atypical, living in the water column. This is the first empirical study to include harpacticoid phototaxis. Tisbe and Pseudodiaptomous displayed negative phototaxis, and the sign of phototaxis for all species is likely to help them persist in their respective habitats. We suspect that the sign of phototaxis is either flexible or a prerequisite before changing habitats. Spectral sensitivity, however, is more complex and, we hypothesize, may be partially constrained by ancestry rather than fully adapted for the modern/current habitat. Pseudodiaptomous pelagicus, benthic calanoid, had a peak spectral response similar to other calanoids. E. acutifrons, pelagic harpacticoid, had a peak spectral response similar to light-adapted T. biminiensis. E. acutifrons exhibited positive or negative photoresponses dependent upon spectrum, a dual strategy unobserved in other copepods but potentially effective for maintaining vertical position. We suggest a Constrained Sensitivity Hypothesis where ancestral habitat may influence the extent and nature of modern responses.
The Carotid Artery as a Preferred Alternative Access Route for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Background In high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis, transfemoral (TF) access for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is the preferred access route but is not always feasible. Compared with other alternative access routes, transcarotid (TC) access is often overlooked by many valvular heart teams. Methods We report our single-center experience of all patients undergoing TC (n = 25), transapical (TA) (n = 12), or TF (n = 100; limited to most recent cases) TAVR over a 1.5 year period. In-hospital and 30-day outcomes were retrospectively compared between groups using the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Results TAVR was successfully performed through the left or right carotid artery in all 25 patients. Procedurally, TC and TF procedures were faster than TA procedures ( p p = 0.05), ventilator hours ( p p = 0.01) compared to patients who underwent a TA procedure. No patients who underwent a TC procedure had in-hospital stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), or myocardial infarction (MI). One patient who underwent a TC procedure had a TIA by 30-day follow-up, which was not significantly different from the TF (2 patients) or TA groups (0 patients; p = 0.75). In-hospital mortality rates were the same between TC (1 patient) and TF (1 patient) procedures but were significantly greater for TA procedures (2 patients; p = 0.009). Thirty-day mortality rates were low and did not differ between the groups. Conclusions In our US community hospital setting, TC-TAVR is a safe alternative to TF-TAVR in appropriate patients and has evolved to be our alternative access route of choice if TF access is not feasible.
Preoperative Performance of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System in Patients With Rotator Cuff Pathology.

Purpose To evaluate the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System upper extremity item bank (PROMIS UE) and physical function computerized adaptive test (PROMIS PF CAT) in patients with rotator cuff (RC) pathology at their preoperative clinic visit. Methods Patient data were collected from January 2015 to September 2015. Patients with a preoperative diagnosis of RC pathology were prospectively enrolled at the time of their surgical indication for RC repair. Each patient was asked to fill out the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Assessment Form, Marx Shoulder Activity Scale, Short Form 36 Health Survey Physical Function and General Health (SF-36 PF and GH), EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D), PROMIS PF CAT, and PROMIS UE. Correlation was defined as excellent (>0.7), excellent-good (0.61-0.7), good (0.4-0.6), and poor (0.2-0.3). Results Patient data were collected from January 2015 to September 2015. No patients were excluded from participation in the study. In 82 patients with preoperative RC pathology, the PROMIS UE showed excellent correlation with American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Assessment Form ( r = 0.77, P r = 0.73, P r = 0.73, P r = .66, P r = .70, P r = 0.77, P r = 0.65, P r = 0.61, P Conclusions We report that in a patient population with preoperative RC pathology, the PROMIS UE and PROMIS CAT are valid patient-reported outcome alternatives that have high correlation with traditional shoulder and upper extremity patient-reported outcomes. We find a decreased question burden using the PROMIS PF CAT. We find no significant floor or ceiling effects present in the PROMIS UE or PROMIS PF CAT. Level of Evidence Level II, prospective diagnostic study.
Cardiovascular disease mortality among women with endometrial cancer in the Iowa Women's Health Study.

Obesity is associated with endometrial cancer (EC) development and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. As the number of obese EC survivors continues to increase, an examination of CVD mortality in this vulnerable population is warranted. In the Iowa Women’s Health Study (1986–2011), we examined CVD mortality among 552 women with EC compared with 2,352 age- and body mass index-matched women without EC (controls). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD mortality were estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models stratified by an indicator for match set. Compared to controls, women with EC more often reported a history of diabetes, hypertension, and never smoking. Compared with controls, women with EC had lower CVD mortality (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.56–0.99), and higher all-cause mortality (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.30–1.74). Although some CVD risk factors were more common in women with versus without EC, CVD mortality was lower among the former group. Additional well-adjusted analyses with larger study populations are needed to understand interactions between CVD risk factors with CVD mortality among EC survivors. The CVD risk factor profile of EC survivors warrants emphasis on cardiovascular health.
Resilience of Sandhills Grassland to Wildfire During Drought

Abstract In the Nebraska Sandhills, one of the largest contiguous grassland ecoregions remaining in North America, sandy textured soils are stabilized by fine root biomass from predominantly warm-season grasses. Concerns over destabilization have led to management that aims to avoid an undesirable state change toward mobile sand dunes. In 2012, the Sandhills experienced extreme drought conditions that coincided with the worst wildfire year on state record. According to state-and-transition models and ecosystem managers, the combination of wildfire and drought conditions should cause a state transition due to a lack of recovery of grassland vegetation and a loss of sand dune stability. To test this hypothesis, we implemented a time-since-fire study to track biomass recovery of Sandhills grassland vegetation following a wildfire on The Nature Conservancy’s Niobrara Valley Preserve in burned and unburned areas. Two yr following the wildfire, aboveground herbaceous biomass in burned areas had recovered to levels that did not differ from unburned areas, maintaining the stability of the sand dunes. This provides evidence that counters current land management frameworks that portray Sandhills grassland as highly vulnerable to destabilization when wildfires occur during severe drought conditions.
Utilization of a Smartphone Platform for Electronic Informed Consent in Acute Stroke Trials.

Background and Purpose— The informed consent process is a major limitation for enrollment in acute stroke clinical investigations. We aim to describe the novel application of smartphone electronic informed consenting (e-Consent) in trials of cerebral thrombectomy. Methods— The e-Consent tool consists of a secure/Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliant smartphone platform based on REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture; Vanderbilt University, TN) that uses a survey project located on a static webpage. A link to the webpage is sent via text message or email to the legally authorized representative. The e-Consent form is filled and a freehand electronic signature added in the smartphone browser; a record ID and an e-Consent Process Attestation form are automatically generated. The e-Consent application was piloted in a randomized trial comparing endovascular versus medical therapy in late presenting patients (DAWN [Clinical Mismatch in the Triage of Wake Up and Late Presenting Strokes Undergoing Neurointervention With Trevo]). Trial enrollment began in January 2015; e-Consent was approved by the local institutional review board in December 2016, and the study was stopped in February 2017. Results— During the trial period, Grady Memorial Hospital performed 273 thrombectomies with 47 patients being consented and 38 patients enrolled in the DAWN trial. Of the randomized patients, 29 (76%) were transferred from outside hospitals. A total of 6 surrogates were e-Consented, with 2 patients being screen failures. Enrolled e-Consented patients (n=4) had similar age (73±14 versus 69±12 years; P =0.65) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (16±5 versus 16±5; P =0.88) as compared with conventionally consented (n=29). Time from door-to-randomization was decreased with e-Consenting (28±9 versus 57±24 minutes; P =0.002). Conclusions— e-Consenting streamlined the consenting process in a randomized trial of patients with emergent large vessel occlusion strokes.
Complications of Robotic Urologic Surgery

Pelvic organ prolapse and related pelvic floor disorders are common problems that affect many women. These conditions can have a significant impact on an individual’s quality of life. Accordingly, there has been increased attention to addressing these issues, which has resulted in the development of newer techniques, such as robotic surgery to address pelvic prolapse.
S wave hidden charm–hidden strangeness production in e+e− annihilation

Abstract It is suggested that the recently observed enhancement of the relative yield in e + e − annihilation of states with hidden charm and hidden strangeness above 4.43 GeV is associated with the S wave production of the charmed strange meson pairs D s 0 ( 2317 ) D ¯ s ⁎ + c . c . and D s 1 ⁎ ( 2460 ) D ¯ s + c . c . This mechanism implies a pattern of breaking of the Heavy Quark Spin Symmetry (HQSS) that can be tested in the final channels such as η c ( 1 S ) ϕ , h c ( 1 P ) η , h c ( 1 P ) η ′ produced in the same energy range.
Detection of leukocyte activation in pigs with neurologic decompression sickness.

Background In a porcine model of neurological decompression sickness (DCS), perivascular leukocyte activation was a consistent finding in biopsies of associated cutaneous DCS. This prompted examination of other organs for similar changes; multifocal leukocyte activation was found in the lungs (pneumonitis) and liver (hepatitis). Hypothesis DCS in pigs induces leukocyte aggregation and activation in the liver and lungs. Methods Male Yorkshire swine, trained to run on a modified treadmill, were compressed to 200 ft of seawater (fsw) in a dry, air-filled compression chamber. Decompression varied according to the profile under study. Results In 106 pigs, evidence for association of leukocyte aggregation and activation with the clinical diagnosis of neurologic DCS was sought. The incidence of pneumonitis (20/68, 29% with DCS; 4/38, 10% without DCS) and hepatitis (23/68, 33% with DCS; 4/38, 10% without DCS) were strongly correlated with the incidence of neurologic DCS via Pearson Chi-squared analysis (p = 0.026 pneumonitis and p = 0.008 hepatitis). Additionally, Kruskal-Wallis rank analysis for numbers of organs involved and incidence of neurologic DCS showed a strong correlation between the increasing occurrence of neurologic DCS and the involvement of both the liver and lungs (p = 0.004). Conclusions The results imply that, at least in pigs, DCS induces leukocyte aggregation and activation in the liver and lungs. These organs are not normally considered targets of DCS. Leukocyte aggregation in these organs may be related to their roles as highly perfused organs. Leukocyte aggregation may be a marker for DCS, providing further evidence for wider, systemic effects of DCS.
Locally Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma

Surgery remains the standard of care for patients with localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, compared to patients with low-stage, low-grade disease, patients with locally advanced RCC, including venous involvement, extracapsular extension, and involvement of adjacent lymph nodes or organs, demonstrate a high risk for both recurrence and progression of disease with decreased survival despite surgical therapy. Regardless, aggressive surgical resection, when feasible, remains the best treatment for locally advanced RCC. Although surgical management of locally advanced disease may be challenging, excellent results, including improved cancer-specific survival, can be achieved.
On a Generalized Centralizer Ring of a Finite Group Which Determines the Group

The k-characters are class functions on subsets of Gk called the k-classes of G. For a finite group G, the k-class sums form a basis for a subring of ℂGk, which we call the k-S-ring of G, and we th...
Using LZMA Compression for Spectrum Sensing with SDR Samples

Successful spectrum management requires reliable methods for determining whether communication signals are present in a spectrum portion of interest. The widely-used energy detection (ED), or radiometry method is only useful in determining whether a portion of radio-frequency (RF) spectrum contains energy, but not whether this energy carries structured signals such as communications. In this paper we introduce the Lempel-Ziv Markov-chain Sum Algorithm (LZMSA), a spectrum sensing algorithm (SSA) that can detect the presence of a structured signal by leveraging the Liv-Zempel-Markov chain algorithm (LZMA). LZMA is a lossless, general-purpose data compression algorithm that is widely available on many computing platforms. The new algorithm is shown to have good performance at distinguishing between samples containing communication signals, and samples of noise, collected with a software-defined radio (SDR). This algorithm does not require any information about the signal beforehand. The algorithm is tested with computer-generated as well as SDR-captured samples of LTE signals.
Effects of the synthetic psychedelic 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) on ethanol consumption and place conditioning in male mice

Approximately 20 million adults in the USA have an alcohol use disorder (AUD). There are clinical and preclinical data suggesting that psychedelics may have benefits for AUD. To investigate the effects of the synthetic psychedelic 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) on the behavioral effects of ethanol. The effects of DOI were examined using ethanol-induced place conditioning (1.8 g/kg ethanol) and 2-bottle choice ethanol drinking (20% v/v), using a dose of DOI (3 mg/kg) that produced the maximal response in the serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor-dependent head-twitch assay. Interactions between DOI and ethanol (3 g/kg) were examined using the ethanol-induced loss of righting reflex procedure and blood-ethanol analysis. To examine additional mechanisms by which psychedelics may interact with ethanol, we determined whether DOI reverses ethanol-induced nitric oxide release in macrophages, a marker of inflammation. DOI significantly attenuated ethanol-induced place conditioning and ethanol drinking. DOI-induced suppression of alcohol drinking depended upon 5-HT2A receptors, was selective for alcohol over water, and was selective for high alcohol-preferring subjects. DOI had no apparent pharmacokinetic interactions with ethanol, and DOI reduced ethanol-induced nitric oxide release. Our findings demonstrate that DOI blocks ethanol place conditioning and selectively reduces voluntary ethanol consumption. This may be related to modulation of the effects of ethanol in the reward circuitry of the brain, ethanol-induced neuroinflammation, or a combination of both. Additional studies to elucidate the mechanisms through which psychedelics attenuate the effects of ethanol would inform the pathophysiology of AUD and potentially provide new treatment options.
Resilience of T cell-intrinsic dysfunction in transplantation tolerance

Following antigen stimulation, naive T cells differentiate into memory cells that mediate antigen clearance more efficiently upon repeat encounter. Donor-specific tolerance can be achieved in a subset of transplant recipients, but some of these grafts are rejected after years of stability, often following infections. Whether T cell memory can develop from a tolerant state and whether these formerly tolerant patients develop antidonor memory is not known. Using a mouse model of cardiac transplantation in which donor-specific tolerance is induced with costimulation blockade (CoB) plus donor-specific transfusion (DST), we have previously shown that systemic infection with Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) months after transplantation can erode or transiently abrogate established tolerance. In this study, we tracked donor-reactive T cells to investigate whether memory can be induced when alloreactive T cells are activated in the setting of tolerance. We show alloreactive T cells persist after induction of cardiac transplantation tolerance, but fail to acquire a memory phenotype despite becoming antigen experienced. Instead, donor-reactive T cells develop T cell-intrinsic dysfunction evidenced when removed from the tolerant environment. Notably, Lm infection after tolerance did not rescue alloreactive T cell memory differentiation or functionality. CoB and antigen persistence were sufficient together but not separately to achieve alloreactive T cell dysfunction, and conventional immunosuppression could substitute for CoB. Antigen persistence was required, as early but not late surgical allograft removal precluded the acquisition of T cell dysfunction. Our results demonstrate transplant tolerance-associated T cell-intrinsic dysfunction that is resistant to memory development even after Lm-mediated disruption of tolerance.
Measurement of the severity of sleep-disordered breathing: a moving target.

CITATIONJavaheri S, Budhiraja R, Quan SF. Measurement of the severity of sleep-disordered breathing: a moving target. J Clin Sleep Med. 2020;16(2):337–338.
Carbonation dysgeusia associated with topiramate.

Purpose A case of carbonation dysgeusia associated with the use of topiramate is reported in order to bring awareness to a lesser-known adverse effect of the medication so that providers may be able to more effectively counsel patients and provide potential solutions. Summary A 39-year-old Caucasian woman with longstanding epilepsy was initiated on topiramate therapy after experiencing a generalized seizure (she reported not taking any antiepileptic medication for years). Topiramate was started at a dosage of 25 mg by mouth twice daily and after 3 weeks titrated to a dosage of 100 mg by mouth twice daily for maintenance therapy. After initiation of topiramate therapy, the patient began to experience an immediate change in her carbonation perception when drinking carbonated beverages; all carbonated beverages, including seltzer and beer, tasted "flat." The patient remained on topiramate for the subsequent 12 months without her carbonation perception returning to normal but noted that drinking carbonated beverages through straws slightly mitigated the adverse effect. Case assessment using the adverse drug reaction probability scale of Naranjo et al indicated that topiramate was the probable cause of the patient's carbonation taste perversion. Conclusion A 39-year-old Caucasian woman developed chronic carbonation dysgeusia after initiation of topiramate following a generalized seizure.
ASIC1a does not play a role in evoking the metabolic component of the exercise pressor reflex in a rat model of peripheral artery disease

The role of the ASIC1a in evoking the exercise pressor reflex in rats with simulated peripheral artery disease is unknown. This prompted us to determine whether ASIC1a plays a role in evoking the exaggerated exercise pressor reflex in decerebrated rats with simulated peripheral artery disease. To simulate peripheral artery disease, we ligated the left femoral artery 72 h before the experiment. The right femoral artery was freely perfused and used as a control. To test our hypothesis, we measured the effect of injecting two ASIC1a blockers into the arterial supply of the triceps surae muscles with and without the femoral artery ligated on the reflex pressor responses to 1) static contraction of the triceps surae muscles, 2) calcaneal tendon stretch, and 3) intra-arterial injection of diprotonated phosphate (pH 6.0). We found that the ASIC1a blockers psalmotoxin-1 (200 ng/kg) and mambalgin-1 (6.5 μg/kg) decreased the pressor responses to static contraction as well as the peak pressor responses to injection of diprotonated phosphate when these responses were evoked from the freely perfused hindlimb. In contrast, ASIC1a blockers only decreased the peak pressor responses evoked by injection of diprotonated phosphate in the hindlimb circulation with simulated peripheral artery disease. This inhibitory effect was less than the one measured from the healthy hindlimb. Independently of the hindlimb of interest, ASIC1a blockers had no effect on the pressor responses to tendon stretch. Our results do not support the hypothesis that ASIC1a play a role in evoking the exercise pressor reflex arising from a hindlimb with simulated peripheral artery disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The role of ASIC1a in evoking the metabolic component of the exercise pressor reflex in peripheral artery disease is unknown. Using a within-rat experimental design, we found that the contribution of ASIC1a decreased in a rat model of peripheral artery disease. These results have key implications to help finding better treatments and improve morbidity, quality of life, and mortality in patients with peripheral artery disease.
Madam President, BA: Women's ascent to power in College Democrats of Oregon

Founded in 2013, College Democrats of Oregon (CDO) is one of 47 state federations under the official youth branch of the Democratic Party, College Democrats of America. For several years, the majority of leadership positions in the organization have been held by women. Scholarship has established that women are at a distinctly gendered disadvantage when running for office, and this study shows its roots begin in student-led political parties like College Democrats, even when women’s leadership seems to thrive. Interviews conducted with current and former women officeholders in CDO have shown that despite the abundance of female leadership, women still experience hesitancy to run. Furthermore, socioeconomic status can either positively or negatively influence a woman’s sense of qualification and availability for involvement. What has moved to women to run for office in their chapter and the state is direct recruitment by those in power and appointment to office.
"We Die 25 Years Sooner:" Addressing Physical Health Among Persons with Serious Mental Illness in Supportive Housing.

People diagnosed with serious mental illness (SMI) experience significant health disparities, including high rates of premature mortality. Supportive housing may serve as a critical service setting for addressing physical health, but comprehensive health-related services within these programs remain an exception. This study sought to identify barriers, and potential solutions, to addressing the physical health needs of people with SMI within supportive housing. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with multiple stakeholders (clients, peer specialists, non-peer staff, leadership) across three supportive housing agencies. There was general consensus regarding multiple barriers at the individual, organizational, policy/system, and community levels. Nevertheless, stakeholders also identified strategies in domains such as staffing, organizational culture, partnerships, communication, and infrastructure for addressing barriers. These findings can inform planning for implementation of health initiatives within supportive housing while also highlighting the need for broader community, systems, and policy change. Trial Registration Number: NCT02175641
Regulation of 2D Arm Stability Against Unstable, Damping-Defined Environments in Physical Human-Robot Interaction

This paper presents an experimental study to investigate how humans interact with a robotic arm simulating primarily unstable, damping-defined, mechanical environments, and to quantify lower bounds of robotic damping that humans can stably interact with. Human subjects performed posture maintenance tasks while a robotic arm simulated a range of negative damping-defined environments and transiently perturbed the human arm to challenge postural stability. Analysis of 2-dimensional kinematic responses in both the time domain and phase space allowed us to evaluate stability of the coupled human-robot system in both anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions, and to determine the lower bounds of robotic damping for stable physical human-robot interaction (pHRI). All subjects demonstrated higher capacity to stabilize their arm against negative damping-defined environments in the AP direction than the ML direction, evidenced by all 3 stability measures used in this study. Further, the lower bound of robotic damping for stable pHRI was more than 3.5 times lower in the AP direction than the ML direction: -30.0 Ns/m and -8.2 Ns/m in the AP and ML directions, respectively. Sensitivity analysis confirmed that the results in this study were relatively insensitive to varying experimental conditions. Outcomes of this study would allow us to design a less conservative robotic impedance controller that utilizes a wide range of robotic damping, including negative damping, and achieves more transparent and agile operations without compromising coupled stability and safety of the human-robot system, and thus improves the overall performance of pHRI.
Resistance and restoration: Healing research methodologies for the global majority.

Objectives: Recently, research has focused both on the influence of institutional racism and how the Global Majority, which includes Black, Indigenous and People of Color, heal from processes related to racial and other forms of oppression. We propose a framework of healing research methodologies that is situated within emerging diversity science trends. This framework specifically is designed to apply diversity science principles to develop research that is culturally relevant and can help explain intragroup processes related to healing from institutional racism. Methods: Drawing from the diversity science, liberation and critical research methodologies, and psychological healing practices literature, we propose a healing research methodologies framework. Results: The healing research methodologies framework consists of six critical components: maintains social justice ethics, adopts liberation methodologies, implements healing methods, embraces interdisciplinary approaches, catalyzes action, and promotes community accessibility. Conclusions: We offer recommendations to guide future diversity science healing research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Neuroticism and Disorders of Emotion: A New Synthesis:

We describe an approach to anxiety, depressive, trauma-related, and other disorders, which we conceptualize as “emotional disorders” because of shared underlying dimensions uncovered by the study o...
Near-miss disaster violations and investor reactions

Investors penalize firms for their misconduct because it violates expectations that firm adhere to generally agreed upon norms and standards. In this paper, we present a new class of misconduct eve...
Refugee Family Reunification Rights: A Basis in the European Court of Human Rights' Family Reunification Jurisprudence

Table of ContentsI. Introduction 349II. The Right to Family Unity in International Law 350A. Universal Declaration of Human Rights 351B. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 352C. Regional Compacts 353D. Convention on the Rights of the Child 353E. International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Their Families 354III. Family Reunification Generally 356A. Relevant Treaty Provisions 357B. European Court of Human Rights 3591. Abdulazfz Cabales, and Balkandali v. the United Kingdom 3592. Gul v. Switzerland 3613. Ahmut v. the Netherlands 361C. State Practice 363IV. Family Reunification in the Refugee Context 364A. Refugee Law Generally 3641. The Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (Refugee Convention) and its Protocol 3642. The United Nations High Commissioner on Refugees 3653. Other human rights instruments 365B. The Refugee and the Family 3671. Family unity and the refugee situation 3672. The refugee's legal right to family unity and reunification 368a) The Vienna Convention and non-Refugee Convention refugee rights. 368b) Application of ECtHR jurisprudence to the refugee context 370V. Conclusion 374I. IntroductionWhen discussing refugees in international law, scholars and commentators frequently note that refugees present tension between national sovereignty and human rights: although states have at least some obligations to refugees as subjects of international human rights law, it is also a basic tenet of sovereignty that nations have control over who enters their borders.1 The extent of refugees' rights, then, places a limit on national sovereignty; there are some people towards whom states have obligations such that the states may not exercise their rights of national sovereignty to exclude. Frequently, this debate concerns the refugee himor herself: under what conditions does a person fulfill the conditions necessary to place a limit on state sovereignty with respect to their borders? Much of the relevant case law and most of the relevant treaties on the subject of refugees have focused on this question. …