cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Building Distributed Index for Semantic Web Data

With the rapid growth of Semantic Web, more and more Semantic Web data are generated and widely used. Efficient search and management of the Semantic Web data is becoming a very important issue. In this paper, we present Semantic Web data indexing scheme over a fully decentralized P2P network. Ontological knowledge is decomposed into atomic elements and then indexed with a Distributed Hash Table (DHT) overlay. Ontology reasoning, integration, and searching are all based on the index. A complex SPARQL query can be evaluated by performing relational operations such as select, project, and join on combinations of the atoms. A set of experiments have been made to show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed indexing scheme.
Hydrogen bonded networks of coordination complexes

The crystal engineering of hydrogen bonded coordination complexes is reviewed. The emphasis is on coordination complexes with peripheral hydrogen bonding substituents. Structures with one-, two- and three-dimensional networks, as well as combinations of coordination polymers and hydrogen bonds, are reported.
Vortex-Driven Sensitivity in Deformation Flow

Abstract A sensitivity mechanism for the interaction of two vortices in a two-dimensional deformation background flow is explored. A nonlinear model describing the vortex interaction up to a critical merging distance is developed. This model shows that in a confluent or diffluent background flow, two vortices can obtain a global minimum distance by counterclockwise turning and a local minimum distance by clockwise turning about each other. In a major portion of the phase space, the global minimum distance is smaller than the local minimum distance. Therefore, vortex merger is more likely to occur during the process in which the two vortices approach their global smallest distance. Analysis of the governing equations shows that there exists a “most sensitive line” of initial vortex positions. When an initial state is on one side of the most sensitive line, the two vortices can obtain their global smallest distance and thus have a higher chance for merger. Conversely, when an initial state is on the other s...
The Linkage of Innate to Adaptive Immunity via Maturing Dendritic Cells In Vivo Requires CD40 Ligation in Addition to Antigen Presentation and CD80/86 Costimulation

Dendritic cell (DC) maturation is an innate response that leads to adaptive immunity to coadministered proteins. To begin to identify underlying mechanisms in intact lymphoid tissues, we studied α-galactosylceramide. This glycolipid activates innate Vα14+ natural killer T cell (NKT) lymphocytes, which drive DC maturation and T cell responses to ovalbumin antigen. Hours after giving glycolipid i.v., tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–α and interferon (IFN)-γ were released primarily by DCs. These cytokines induced rapid surface remodeling of DCs, including increased CD80/86 costimulatory molecules. Surprisingly, DCs from CD40−/− and CD40L−/− mice did not elicit CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity, even though the DCs exhibited presented ovalbumin on major histocompatibility complex class I and II products and expressed high levels of CD80/86. Likewise, an injection of TNF-α up-regulated CD80/86 on DCs, but CD40 was required for immunity. CD40 was needed for DC interleukin (IL)-12 production, but IL-12p40−/− mice generated normal ovalbumin-specific responses. Therefore, the link between innate and adaptive immunity via splenic DCs and innate NKT cells has several components under distinct controls: antigen presentation in the steady state, increases in costimulatory molecules dependent on inflammatory cytokines, and a distinct CD40/CD40L signal that functions together with antigen presentation (“signal one”) and costimulation (“signal two”) to generate functioning CD4+ T helper cell 1 and CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocytes.
MDCT in early triage of patients with acute chest pain

OBJECTIVE. Current risk stratification of patients with acute chest pain but normal initial cardiac enzymes and nondiagnostic ECG is inefficient. We sought to determine whether contrast-enhanced MDCT-based detection of stenosis is feasible and improves early and accurate triage of patients with acute chest pain.SUBJECTS AND METHODS. We studied 40 patients (53% men; mean age, 57 ± 13 years) with chest pain who were awaiting hospital admission to rule out an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) despite the absence of diagnostic ECG changes and normal cardiac enzymes on emergency department presentation. Patients underwent contrast-enhanced MDCT before hospital admission. Afterward, patients received standard clinical care. All physicians involved in the patients' care were blinded to the results of MDCT. An expert panel established the presence or absence of ACS based on American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines. The MDCT images were evaluated for the presence of significant coronary artery stenosis (diameter re...
Intrinsic Nonlinearity and Spectral Structure of Internal Tides at an Idealized Mid-Atlantic Bight Shelf Break

AbstractTo quantify dynamical aspects of internal-tide generation at the Mid-Atlantic Bight shelf break, this study employs an idealized ocean model initialized by climatological summertime stratification and forced by monochromatic barotropic tidal currents at the offshore boundary. The Froude number of the scenario is subunity, and the bathymetric slope offshore of the shelf break is supercritical. A barotropic-to-baroclinic energy conversion rate of 335 W m−1 is found, with 14% of the energy locally dissipated through turbulence and bottom friction and 18% radiated onto the shelf. Consistent with prior studies, nonlinear effects result in additional super- and subharmonic internal waves at the shelf break. The subharmonic waves are subinertial, evanescent, and mostly trapped within a narrow beam of internal waves at the forcing frequency. They likely result from nonresonant triad interaction associated with strong nonlinearity. Strong vertical shear associated with the subharmonic waves tends to enhanc...
Of mice and monkeys: using non-human primate models to bridge mouse- and human-based investigations of autism spectrum disorders

The autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) arise from a diverse array of genetic and environmental origins that disrupt the typical developmental trajectory of neural connectivity and synaptogenesis. ASDs are marked by dysfunctional social behavior and cognition, among other deficits. Greater understanding of the biological substrates of typical social behavior in animal models will further our understanding of the etiology of ASDs. Despite the precision and tractability of molecular genetics models of ASDs in rodents, these organisms lack the complexity of human social behavior, thus limiting their impact on understanding ASDs to basic mechanisms. Non-human primates (NHPs) provide an attractive, complementary model for ASDs, due in part to the complexity and dynamics of social structures, reliance on vision for social signaling, and deep homology in brain circuitry mediating social behavior and reward. This knowledge is based on a rich literature, compiled over 50 years of observing primate behavior in the wild, which, in the case of rhesus macaques, is complemented by a large body of research characterizing neuronal activity during cognitive behavior. Several recent developments in this field are directly relevant to ASDs, including how the brain represents the perceptual features of social stimuli, how social information influences attention processes in the brain, and how the value of social interaction is computed. Because the symptoms of ASDs may represent extreme manifestations of traits that vary in intensity within the general population, we will additionally discuss ways in which nonhuman primates also show variation in social behavior and reward sensitivity. In cases where variation in species-typical behavior is analogous to similar variations in human behavior, we believe that study of the neural circuitry underlying this variation will provide important insights into the systems-level mechanisms contributing to ASD pathology.
Advertising and political expenditures in a spatial election game: an experimental investigation

Most researchers agree that the role of money in politics is important, however, there is no agreement on the extent to which money influences electoral outcomes and governmental policies. One reason for this discord is that the existing research concentrates on aggregate level studies. Therefore, this literature cannot tell us anything about the effects of money on individual decision-making. Only recently have spatial models, which examine the interactions of individual decisions within an institutional context, begun to consider the importance of money and politics. However, as the case with most spatial models, there are no existing "real-world " data to test the hypotheses that are derived. Consequently, researchers have relied on laboratory experiments to test the robustness of these models. This essay presents a series of experiments that examine the effects of advertising and political contributions in a sequential spatial election game, given that candidates have equal resources and their positio...
Burkholderia oklahomensis sp. nov., a Burkholderia pseudomallei-like species formerly known as the Oklahoma strain of Pseudomonas pseudomallei.

C6786, the clinical isolate of the ‘Oklahoma’ strain of Pseudomonas (now Burkholderia) pseudomallei, was originally isolated in 1973 from a wound infection resulting from a farming accident in Oklahoma, USA. Environmental isolates C7532 and C7533 from the Oklahoma accident site were found to match C6786. These three isolates and a clinical isolate originally identified as B. pseudomallei that was recovered from a person in Georgia, USA, involved in an automobile accident were characterized by biochemical, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, multilocus sequence typing and DNA–DNA hybridization analyses. Results indicated that these strains comprise a novel species. The name Burkholderia oklahomensis sp. nov. is proposed, with strain C6786T (=LMG 23618T=NCTC 13387T=CCUG 51349T) as the type strain.
Runoff sources and flow paths in a partially burned, upland boreal catchment underlain by permafrost

Boreal soils in permafrost regions contain vast quantities of frozen organic material that is released to terrestrial and aquatic environments via subsurface flow paths as permafrost thaws. Longer flow paths may allow chemical reduction of solutes, nutrients, and contaminants, with implications for greenhouse gas emissions and aqueous export. Predicting boreal catchment runoff is complicated by soil heterogeneities related to variability in active layer thickness, soil type, fire history, and preferential flow potential. By coupling measurements of permeability, infiltration potential, and water chemistry with a stream chemistry end-member mixing model, we tested the hypothesis that organic soils and burned slopes are the primary sources of runoff, and that runoff from burned soils is greater due to increased hydraulic connectivity. Organic soils were more permeable than mineral soils, and 25% of infiltration moved laterally upon reaching the organic-mineral soil boundary on unburned hillslopes. A large portion of the remaining water infiltrated into deeper, less permeable soils. In contrast, burned hillslopes displayed poorly defined soil horizons, allowing rapid, mineral-rich runoff through preferential pathways at various depths. On the catchment scale, mineral/organic runoff ratios averaged 1.6 and were as high as 5.2 for an individual storm. Our results suggest that burned soils are the dominant source of water and solutes reaching the stream in summer, whereas unburned soils may provide longer term storage and residence times necessary for production of anaerobic compounds. These results are relevant to predicting how boreal catchment drainage networks and stream export will evolve given continued warming and altered fire regimes.
Contingent Pacifism: Revisiting Just War Theory

In this, the first major philosophical study of contingent pacifism, Larry May offers a new account of pacifism from within the Just War tradition. Written in a non-technical style, the book features real-life examples from contemporary wars and applies a variety of approaches ranging from traditional pacifism and human rights to international law and conscientious objection. May considers a variety of thinkers and theories, including Hugo Grotius, Kant, Socrates, Seneca on restraint, Tertullian on moral purity, Erasmus's arguments against just war, and Hobbes's conception of public conscience. The guiding idea is that the possibility of a just war is conceded, but not at the current time or in the foreseeable future due to the nature of contemporary armed conflict and geopolitics - wars in the past are also unlikely to have been just wars. This volume will interest scholars and upper-level students of political philosophy, philosophy of law, and war studies.
Core Competencies for Assessment in Libraries: a Review and Analysis of Job Postings

The authors analyzed 231 job postings that appeared on library job lists over the span of 18 months. Atlas.ti, a textual coding software was used to facilitate the contextualization the information. Jobs were included in the study if the postings addressed evaluation or assessment responsibilities. Key skills and knowledge areas required for assessment are identified. Opportunities for developing training are suggested. Areas of librarianship showing the most growth in assessment are identified.
Legal and ethical considerations: step 1b in building a health web observatory

This paper explores the impact of health information technologies, including the Web, on society and advocates for the development of a Health Web Observatory (HWO) to collect, store and analyze new sources of health information. The paper begins with a high-level literature review from across domains to demonstrate the need for a multi-disciplinary pursuit when building web observatories. For as researchers in the social sciences and legal domains have highlighted, data carries assumptions of power, identity, governance, etc., which should not be overlooked. The paper then recommends example legal and ethical questions to consider when building any health web observatory. The goal is to insert social and regulatory concerns much earlier into the WO methodology
TAS: 89 0227: TAS Recovery Act - Optimization and Control of Electric Power Systems: ARRA

The name SuperOPF is used to refer several projects, problem formulations and soft-ware tools intended to extend, improve and re-define some of the standard methods of optimizing electric power systems. Our work included applying primal-dual interior point methods to standard AC optimal power flow problems of large size, as well as extensions of this problem to include co-optimization of multiple scenarios. The original SuperOPF problem formulation was based on co-optimizing a base scenario along with multiple post-contingency scenarios, where all AC power flow models and constraints are enforced for each, to find optimal energy contracts, endogenously determined locational reserves and appropriate nodal energy prices for a single period optimal power flow problem with uncertainty. This led to example non-linear programming problems on the order of 1 million constraints and half a million variables. The second generation SuperOPF formulation extends this by adding multiple periods and multiple base scenarios per period. It also incorporates additional variables and constraints to model load following reserves, ramping costs, and storage resources. A third generation of the multi-period SuperOPF, adds both integer variables and a receding horizon framework in which the problem type is more challenging (mixed integer), the size is even larger, and itmore » must be solved more frequently, pushing the limits of currently available algorithms and solvers. The consideration of transient stability constraints in optimal power flow (OPF) problems has become increasingly important in modern power systems. Transient stability constrained OPF (TSCOPF) is a nonlinear optimization problem subject to a set of algebraic and differential equations. Solving a TSCOPF problem can be challenging due to (i) the differential-equation constraints in an optimization problem, (ii) the lack of a true analytical expression for transient stability in OPF. To handle the dynamics in TSCOPF, the set of differential equations can be approximated or converted into equivalent algebraic equations before they are included in an OPF formulation. In Chapter 4, a rigorous evaluation of using a predefined and fixed threshold for rotor angles as a mean to determine transient stability of the system is developed. TSCOPF can be modeled as a large-scale nonlinear programming problem including the constraints of differential-algebraic equations (DAE). Solving a TSCOPF problem can be challenging due to (i) the differential-equation constraints in an optimization problem, (ii) the lack of a true analytical expression for transient stability constraint in OPF. Unfortunately, even the current best TSCOPF solvers still suffer from the curse of dimensionality and unacceptable computational time, especially for large-scale power systems with multiple contingencies. In chapter 5, thse issues will be addressed and a new method to incorporate the transient stability constraints will be presented.« less
An ab Initio Study of the Structures of Cyclic N4O2

The structures of the cyclic N4O2 molecule are investigated using three levels of ab initio electronic structure methods. Hartree−Fock self-consistent-field (SCF), second-order Moller−Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), and quadratic configuration interaction including single and double substitutions (QCISD) calculations are performed employing two basis sets of double-ζ plus polarization (DZP) and a triple(plus)-ζ double polarization (TZ+2P) quality. Two structures are located. A boat conformation (C2v structure) is determined to be a minimum equilibrium structure with exothermicity of ∼80, 140, and 100 kcal/mol relative to dissociation to 2N2O, 2N2 + O2, and 2NO + N2, respectively. A planar (D2h structure) previously reported to be a minimum [Jones, W. H. J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 5184] is confirmed in this study to be a transition state (saddle point) lying ∼7−10 kcal/mol above the boat minimum as calculated at all levels of theory. A search for a chair and a twisted conformation has proven unsuccessful....
Mechanical Shock FE Modeling for ATCA Circuit Board Design

ATCA is a new form factor for communication equipment applications. Finite element model (FEM) was created to predict the dynamic response of an ATCA design during a table drop shock. The model was built with 2nd order brick elements for minimizing the meshing sensitivity. Modal method was used and followed by dynamic transient analysis with superposition approach and validated by comparing the modal test data for matching the natural frequencies and the modal shapes. The model was further validated by comparing the board displacement with direct displacement measurement using a high speed camera. As a result the localized board strain predictions matched the measured board strain at each networking processor unit. The validated model was used to predict the risk areas for solder joints, which later proved to be accurate during board design verification tests. This paper presents the modeling and model validation processes, as well as the ATCA mechanical design evaluations.© 2005 ASME
Queen Retinues of Army Ants

When New World army ants emigrate to a new nest location, the queen runs in the column accompanied by a retinue of workers. This retinue is not the same group of ants which surrounds the queen in the bivouac but is a continuously changing group. A large retinue extends 0.5–1 m in advance of the queen and 1–2 m after her. It includes up to 5 times the number of workers and soldiers, compared with an equal length of emigration column before the retinue. If the queen pauses, most of the retinue may continue without her, and a new retinue will gather around her. Disturbance of the column, even 5 m in advance of the queen, can cause her to stop and be covered instantly by a mass of ants. Such clusters and the retinue are adaptive for protecting the queen against predators or environmental hazards. It appears that the most epigaeic species have the largest retinues.
IBM POWER7 performance modeling, verification, and evaluation

In this paper, we describe the key performance enhancements in IBM POWER7® microarchitecture and its memory hierarchy, including performance modeling and verification methodology. We also describe the performance characteristics of server applications, including Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC) central processing unit, SAP Sales and Distribution, SPECjbb, online transaction processing workloads, and high-performance computing applications running on POWER7 processor-based systems compared with other systems.
Evaluation of the bioherbicide Myrothecium verrucaria for weed control in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Abstract An isolate of the fungus Myrothecium verrucaria was evaluated for its biocontrol potential against common purslane, horse purslane, spotted spurge, and prostrate spurge, all serious weed pests in commercial tomato fields in the southeastern US. In greenhouse and field tests, M. verrucaria was highly virulent against these weeds when applied as conidial sprays formulated in 0.2% Silwet L-77 surfactant, even in the absence of dew. In field test plots naturally infested with these weeds, seedlings in the two-to-three leaf growth stage treated with M. verrucaria at 2×107 conidia mL−1 in 0.2% Silwet, exhibited leaf and stem necrosis within 24 h following inoculation, with mortality occurring within 96 h. After 7 days, M. verrucaria had killed 90–95% of both purslane species and 85–95% of both spurge species. Tomatoes that were transplanted into plots treated with M. verrucaria remained healthy and vigorous throughout the growing season. Since M. verrucaria effectively controlled several common weeds u...
The Operatic Stothart: Leitmotifs and Tonal Organization in Two Versions of Rose Marie

This is a study of the leitmotifs and tonal organization in two versions of the musical Rose Marie: the original stage version by Herbert Stothart and Rudolph Friml from 1924 and MGM's film version (under the sole direction of Stothart) from 1936.
Abstract B102: Plasma vitamin B6 and the risk of colorectal cancer in three large prospective cohorts

Recent prospective evidence suggests that vitamin B6, which is involved in DNA synthesis and methylation, may influence the risk of colorectal neoplasia. We examined the association between plasma vitamin B6 (pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate, PLP) and colorectal cancer risk in a female cohort, the Nurses9 Health Study (NHS), and two male cohorts, the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study (HPFS), and the Physicians9 Health Study (PHS). A total of 570 cases were identified up through 2000 (2004 for HPFS) and individually matched to two controls. Multivariable adjusted relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using conditional logistic regression. Men had higher plasma PLP levels compared to the women (geometric mean in controls (pmol/ml): HPFS: 98; PHS: 70; NHS: 53). In the HPFS, we observed a non‐linear reduction in risk; relative risks (RR) and 95% CIs for increasing levels of plasma PLP from quartile 1 to 4 were: 1.00 (ref), 0.81 (0.47–1.40), 0.57 (0.32–1.02), and 1.04 (0.60–1.79; median 203 pmol/ml). The association in women tended to be more linear; women in quartile 4 (median 131 pmol/ml) versus quartile 1 had a RR of 0.56 (0.31–1.01; previously published). The strongest inverse association was observed in the PHS with an apparent threshold effect starting at the median level; the RR for Q4 vs Q1 was 0.52 (0.29–0.93; previously published). We pooled the results from the three cohorts using meta‐analytic techniques and the relative risks were 0.84 (0.62–1.14), 0.60 (0.41–0.88), and 0.68 (0.44–1.06) across the quartiles. Our results strongly suggest that low vitamin B6 levels are associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. However, there may be a threshold level above which additional plasma levels of PLP has marginal, if any, benefit. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):B102.
The Primacy of Politics

In presenting my valedictory to this distinguished Association which has honored me by selecting me as its President, I should like to point out by way of introduction what has happened to this office, and therefore to me, during the past year. I have heard of one of my distinguished predecessors some twenty-five years ago who had little else to do as President of this Association than work all year on his presidential address. This was important work and I have no word of criticism of it. But the Association has changed, and today it leaves to the harried wearer of its presidential toga little time to reflect about the status of political science and his own impact, if any, upon it. An active Association life, now happily centered in our new Washington office, is enough to occupy the full time of your President, and universities as well as this Association might well take note. Therefore, in presenting my own reflections to you this evening in accordance with the custom of our Association, I do so without the benefit of the generous time and scholarly leisure which were the privileges of some of my distinguished predecessors.Nevertheless I do base my presidential address today upon my own active participation in the problems of government, as well as upon my scholarly experience. I have extracted it in part from the dynamics of pulsating political life. It has whatever authority I may possess after having been exposed these twenty-five years to the cross-fire of politics, domestic and foreign, as well as to the benign and corrective influences of eager students and charitable colleagues.
Note on a New Film for Making Colored Background Slides

Ways to make colored background slides for presentations are limited. These methods usually involve the use of Diazo film (Elder and Agee 1977) or high-contrast copy film with toner solutions (Hefetz 1977). Recently, a new film designed especially for colored background slides has been developed by Kodak (Lusk 1981). This film produces high quality slides with sharply defined images and vividly colored backgrounds. It can also produce slides with colored backgrounds and differently colored lettering. It requires no toner solutions and does not seem to fade with time as do Diazo slides.
Preparation of Long-Alkane Monola Yers Adsorbed On Exfoliated Graphite For Neutron Diffraction Studies

A classic problem in polymer science is the preferential adsorption at a solid interface of one polymer species from a multi-component fluid mixture. Prototype systems for studying this selective adsorption process are solutions consisting of alkane molecules of two different lengths in the presence of a solid interface. Before neutron diffraction could be used to probe structural questions related to the selective adsorption process in such systems, a significant effort was required to develop methods for fabricating suitable samples. The authors describe techniques for preparing samples of long-alkane monolayers adsorbed on exfoliated graphite by adsorption from solution and by deposition from the vapor phase.
Change of Activin A in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Neonates with Bacterial Meningitis and Its Value for Prognosis Evaluation

Objective To evaluate the changes of activin A(ACT A) level in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) in neonatal bacterial meningitis and its clinical value for prognosis evaluation.Methods Forty-eight neonatal bacterial meningitis in Tianjin Children′s Hospital from Mar.2010 to Jun.2011 were visited for 3-18 months and analyzed retrospectively.All the patients were divided into 2 groups:neonatal bacterial meningitis with the complications and(or) sequelae group(group A),without the complications and sequelae group(group B),and the children without brain disease were selected as control group(group C).The levels of ACT A in cerebrospinal fluid of children in 3 groups were monitored by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The level of CSF ACT A was(554.39±149.62) ng·L-1 in the acute phase of group A,and the level of the CSF ACT A was(480.82±128.24) ng·L-1 in group B,there was no significant difference between the 2 groups.The level of the CSF ACT A in the group A and group B were higher than that in group C[(181.06±45.20) ng·L-1](Pa0.05).After 1 week treatment,ACT A level in CSF was(315.84±86.35) ng·L-1 in group A,meanwhile(338.25±99.43) ng·L-1 in group B.After 1 week treatment,the level of ACT A in group A and group B had declined than those before treatment(Pa0.05),but there was no difference between the 2 groups(P=0.432).After 2 weeks treatment,the same conclusions[(188.19±43.38) ng·L-1 and(203.86±50.73) ng·L-1]as that of the 1 week treatment had been received.After 3 weeks treatment,the level of ACT A in group A[(107.65±17.65) ng·L-1] was lower than that in group B[(169.36±28.90) ng·L-1(P=0.000)].After 4 weeks treatment,the same conclusions[(98.54±28.54) ng·L-1and(211.95 ± 15.53) ng·L-1] as that of the 3 weeks treatment had been received(P=0.000).Conclusions ACT A is involved in the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis in neonates.The level of ACT A can evaluate the severity and prognosis of bacterial meningitis.
Advances in Colorectal Cancer Therapy

Colorectal cancer is the most common visceral malignancy in the United States and the mortality rate from this cancer remains high. This review describes directions in the management of colorectal cancer at the Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) at which about 200 new cases are seen annually.Early detection of cancer by mass screening of asymptomatic patients (about 6000 annually) is practiced at RPMI via access to afree screening clinic. Testing of feces for occult blood in mass community screening in Buffalo shows an incidence of about 2.5% of neoplastic lesions/population tested. Though mass community screening is still of uncertain value, focused screening by high risk factors (age, family history, previous colorectal cancer) is advantageous. In previously reported follow-up observations of 256 persons with a prior colorectal cancer, 4.6% had a subsequent colorectal cancer.Adjuvant chemotherapy has been in extensive trial in many centers for the past 20 years but little advantage has been shown by controlled cooperative studies. Current interest at RPMI is focused on the use of 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) and high dose leukovorin (CF). The CF enhances the therapeutic effect of 5-FU and modifies its toxicity. Experience with this combination is promising and needs maturation.The treatment of colorectal cancer at RPMI continues to focus on increasing chance of cure by improved earlier detection and radical excision. Sphincter-saving operations using stapling devices facilitate low anterior anastomoses and extended resection in the cancer-bearing area is used to reduce local recurrence and improve survival. Local excision or destruction by electrosurgery or cryosurgery of selected rectal cancers is a viable alternative to radical surgery in high-surgical-risk patients.
The Imagined Audience and Privacy Concern on Facebook: Differences Between Producers and Consumers:

Facebook users share information with others by creating posts and specifying who should be able to see each post. Once a user creates a post, those who see it have the ability to copy and re-share...
Developing a Smoking Cessation Intervention for Low Income and Minority Women

Objective: The objective of this qualitative pilot study was to elicit patient and provider feedback on how to develop a smoking cessation program for low income women with cervical dysplasia in an urban Women’s Health Center. Methods: A community-based participatory research project incorporating a focus group and structured interviews was utilized to elicit feedback on how to develop a culturally appropriate smoking cessation program appealing to low-income and minority women smokers. Results: Qualitative data from 13 patients, 4 nurses, and 6 staff members collected between January 2012-August 2012 described the challenges of finding effective mechanisms for cessation interventions that met the schedules and needs of low income and minority patients. Input from office staff indicated insufficient educational resources to offer patients, limited skills to assist patients and the importance of perceived patient readiness to quit as barriers to creating an effective smoking cessation program. Conclusion: Smoking cessation services targeting low-income and minority female smokers can be enhanced by providing clinic staff with patient education materials and smoking cessation training.
Forks Taken and Roads Not Taken: Reciprocity and Standing to Challenge Faith-Based Spending

In Hein v. Freedom from Religion Foundation, Inc., the Supreme Court denied jurisdiction on the ground that the plaintiffs, as taxpayers, lacked standing to attack the constitutionality of alleged efforts to secure preferential federal funding for religious charitable organizations. In doing so, the Court split three ways on the proper scope and application of Flast v. Cohen, a Warren Court decision which allows taxpayer suits to challenge governmental spending allegedly in violation of the First Amendment’s Establishment Clause. While the Court did not overrule Flast, its decision casts substantial doubt over Flast’s future. This article explores the implications of Hein, both as a standing decision and as a harbinger of future Establishment Clause developments. After evaluating the theoretical limitations of existing standing jurisprudence, the article turns to reciprocity theory as a medium for explaining Flast’s deviation from Frothingham v. Mellon’s general rule against taxpayer standing. The article demonstrates that Flast is based upon the constitutionally non-reciprocal character of spending in aid of religion. It further demonstrates that Hein’s departure from Flast redefines the concept of constitutional injury in establishment cases, both by treating faith-based funding as reciprocal and thus indistinguishable from other sorts of spending, and by denying the existence of intangible or psychic injury when religious preference in the implementation of such funding allegedly occurs. As a consequence, Hein signals a major shift in Supreme Court thinking about the substantive scope of the Establishment Clause.
Sex Differences in Pain

Females greatly outnumber males as sufferers of chronic pain. Although social and psychological factors certainly play a role in the differences in prevalence and incidence, biological differences in the functioning of the immune system likely underlie these observed effects. This Review examines the current literature on biological sex differences in the functioning of the innate and adaptive immune systems as they relate to pain experience. With rodent models, we and others have observed that male mice utilize microglia in the spinal cord to mediate pain, whereas females preferentially use T cells in a similar manner. The difference can be traced to differences in cell populations, differences in suppression by hormones, and disparate cellular responses in males and females. These sex differences also translate into human cellular responses and may be the mechanism by which the disproportionate chronic pain experience is based. Recognition of the evidence underlying sex differences in pain will guide development of treatments and provide better options for patients that are tailored to their physiology. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Challenges to Public Order and the Law of the Sea

Rosen offers both case studies and trend analysis to show that the oceans governance principles in 1982 UN Convention of the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) are at risk unless states agree to moderate their unilateral behavior and, most importantly, participate in the dispute settlement processes established in UNCLOS. Such unilateralism is not confined to particular states or groups of states. However, Rosen argues that because states have been unwilling to seek consensus or resolve disputes, this has created a regulatory vacuum that is currently being exploited by pirates, criminal elements, polluters, and poachers. Such exploitation results in permanent loss of oceans’ resources—vital to sustain future population growths—and lawlessness on the high seas. Rosen concludes with suggestions on how to reinvigorate the UNCLOS.
INDUCTION AND ISOLATION OF ELECTROPHORETIC MUTATIONS IN MAMMALIAN CELL LINES

ABSTRACT . We have attempted to indicate the feasibility of generating significant information on mutagenesis in mammalian cells using a non-selective system. The key points in the procedure involve the use of a cell line with high plating efficiency, early cloning following exposure to mutagen, and screening clonal isolates for electrophoretic variants at a large number of enzyme loci. The Chinese hamster ovary cell line (CHO) was used. We characterized the electrophoretic mobility of the products of 36 enzyme loci in this line and also found that many enzyme loci, active in various Chinese hamster tissues, were not expressed in the cell line. 124 clones, isolated immediately after exposure to various doses of UV and MNNG, were examined at an average of 27.5 enzyme loci for electrophoretic shifts.
Robot Opera: A modularized afterschool program for STEAM education at local elementary school

The importance of STEM education has consistently increased. Recently, it has been updated to “STEAM”, by adding art and design to the equation. To promote STEAM education using robots, we have devised the “Robot Opera” program at a local elementary school, by extending our earlier child-robot theater program. After introducing our pedagogical approach, we outline our ongoing program, composed of four modules: acting, dancing, sonifying, and drawing. We hope this work-in-progress paper can facilitate discussions on how to use robots in informal learning environments.
Leveraging Implicit Contribution Amounts to Facilitate Microfinancing Requests

The emergence of online microfinancing platforms provides new opportunities for people to seek financial assistance from a large number of potential contributors. However, these platforms deal with a huge number of requests, making it hard for the requesters to get assistance for their financial needs. Designing algorithms to identify potential contributors for a given request will assist in satisfying financial needs of requesters and improve the effectiveness of microfinancing platforms. Existing work correlates requests with contributor interests and profiles to design feature based approaches for recommending projects to prospective contributors. However, contributing money to financial requests has a cost on contributors which can affect his inclination to contribute in the future . Literature in economic behavior has investigated the manner in which memory of past contribution amounts affects user inclination to contribute to a given request. To systematically investigate whether these characteristics of economic behavior would help to facilitate requests in online microfinancing platforms, we present a novel framework to identify contributors for a given request from their past financial information. Individual contribution amounts are not publicly available, so we draw from financial modeling literature to model the implicit contribution amounts made to past requests. We evaluate the framework on two microfinancing platforms to demonstrate its effectiveness in identifying contributors.
Email With the Dead

The author considers the death of her mother and email as a form of epistle research poetry.
Nutritional guidance to soccer players for training and competition.

Strategies for a nutrition education as applied to individual soccer players provide a key to guiding them towards appropriate food selection. Scientific investigations have associated energy requi...
Integrating Current Technologies into Graduate Computer Science Curricula

Master in Computer Science programs (MS-CS) are critically important in producing competitive IT professionals and preparing students for doctorate research. A major challenge is how to integrate the latest computing technologies into MS-CS programs without compromising the computer science foundation education. This paper shares Pace University’s study and experience in renovating its MS-CS program to address this challenge. The study started with the identification of the most important progress in computing over the past decade and its relationship with the fundamental computer science concepts and theory, and how to replace the traditional waterfall teaching model with the iterative one to shorten the prerequisite chains and support more flexible programs. In particular Internet and web technologies, cloud computing, mobile computing, and Internet/web security are analyzed. Based on this theoretical analysis Pace University’s MS-CS program was revised into a 30-credit program with a 12-credit program core for comprehensive theoretical foundation, 12-credit concentrations for in-depth study in selected technology areas, and two 6-credit capstone options for knowledge integration and application as well as life-long learning.
A Self-Reproducing Universal Computer-Constructor

This chapter presents the final step of demonstrating the universality of the 8-state, 5-neighbor cellular space. This step consists of exhibiting a universal computer-constructor (UCC) embedded in the cellular space. The UCC commands available to the programer enables to control the movements of two paths, one associated with a data tape D , the other associated with a construction site C . The data tape is a linear string of cells, infinite on the right. Its primary use is computational. Another use of C and D in combination occurs in the generation of specifications of a structure from an actual copy located in some part of the construction region. The only means of intercommunication among paths C , D is through the conditional transfer command and that this is perfectly adequate for this universality demonstration. The UCC commands x , xl , xr , r , rl , m , e , i , j produce precisely the same effect as their signal sequence counterparts and do so on whatever paths are selected.
Impact of comorbidity and age on survival among older veterans with early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

7540 Background: Older age has been shown to be a stronger predictor of treatment receipt than comorbidity for NSCLC of all stages. We hypothesized that comorbidity would be a stronger predictor of...
Ribosome queuing enables non-AUG translation to be resistant to multiple protein synthesis inhibitors

Aberrant translation initiation at non-AUG start codons is associated with multiple cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, how non-AUG translation may be regulated differently from canonical translation is poorly understood. Here, we used start codon-specific reporters and ribosome profiling to characterize how translation from non-AUG start codons responds to protein synthesis inhibitors in human cells. These analyses surprisingly revealed that translation of multiple non-AUG-encoded reporters and the endogenous GUG-encoded DAP5 (eIF4G2/p97) mRNA is resistant to cycloheximide (CHX), a translation inhibitor that severely slows but does not completely abrogate elongation. Our data suggest that slowly elongating ribosomes can lead to queuing/stacking of scanning preinitiation complexes (PICs), preferentially enhancing recognition of weak non-AUG start codons. Consistent with this model, limiting PIC formation or scanning sensitizes non-AUG translation to CHX. We further found that non-AUG translation is resistant to other inhibitors that target ribosomes within the coding sequence but not those targeting newly initiated ribosomes. Together, these data indicate that ribosome queuing enables mRNAs with poor initiation context-namely, those with non-AUG start codons-to be resistant to pharmacological translation inhibitors at concentrations that robustly inhibit global translation.
Migrant farmworker injury: temporality, statistical representation, eventfulness

This article considers ethnographic field research in order to analyze the violence and exploitation inherent to our transnational agro-food system and the ways in which temporality and statistics may aid in making visible and invisible certain experiences of migrant farmworker injury as well as individual and collective actions for wellbeing. Based in long-term, in-depth ethnographic research, this article utilizes theories of temporality and events in order to highlight social and health inequalities in agricultural labor and encourage agricultural, food and health scholars to consider critically the effects of our methods. Juxtaposing the injury and health care experiences of one Mexican migrant farmworker with statistics on the health and health care of migrant and seasonal farmworkers more generally, the article confronts both the normalization of migrant farmworker injury and the taken-for-granted helpfulness of quantitative and qualitative research alike. In addition, the argument acknowledges the everyday, individual practices and collective actions migrant farmworkers engage into demand and build wellbeing for themselves, their families and beyond.
Critical Race Theory and Empirical Sociology

We argue that empirical sociology would benefit from a greater engagement with critical race theory (CRT). In this introduction, we outline four steps to the empirical application of CRT in sociolo...
Phonon-induced plasmon-exciton coupling changes probed via oscillation-associated spectra

Coherent vibrations detected in optical experiments can offer insights into material properties and electronic interactions, but also yield complex time-dependent optical signatures, especially in hybridized systems. Here, we adapt techniques from studies on vibrational wave packets in molecules to analyze the optical signatures of coherent acoustic phonons in nanoparticles. This strategy enables us to better understand the implications of energetic changes induced by coherent phonons. We then apply this approach to systems that target coherent acoustic phonons as a route to modulate plasmon-exciton coupling and compare the results to theoretical calculations. Taken together, the described approach provides an intuitive, simple means of analyzing future systems and facilitates attempts to utilize, rather than simply observe, nanomaterial phonon modes.