cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Delayed Platelet Adhesion/Aggregation at Sites of Endothelial Injury in Mouse Cerebral Arterioles After Transient Elevations of Blood Pressure and Shear

Background and Purpose Prior research showed that injection of angiotensin II (Ang II) produces a transient elevation of blood pressure (BP) and shear in pial arterioles. This inhibited platelet adhesion/aggregation at a site of subsequently injured endothelium. The present study attempted to confirm the Ang II finding with a different method of endothelial injury, to test the hypothesis that the effect on adhesion/aggregation was a consequence of prolonged release of “classic” endothelium-derived relaxing factor (released by acetylcholine [Ach]; EDRFACh) produced by the preceding transient elevation in shear, and to show with the use of norepinephrine rather than Ang II that the effect of a preceding elevation of BP was independent of the pressor agent used. Methods Focal platelet adhesion/aggregation was elicited in cerebral surface (pial) arterioles by producing minimal endothelial damage with a helium-neon laser/Evans blue dye technique. Vessels were observed by intravital microscopy. We recorded the ...
USE OF THE DYSON REPRESENTATION IN CURRENT-ALGEBRA CALCULATIONS.

It is shown, with particular reference to the recent work of Schnitzer and Weinberg, that knowledge of the three-point function of a given set of currents is sufficient to determine certain matrix elements of the equal-time current-density-current-density commutators.
Ab initio studies of H2PXYH molecules (X, Y = O, S)

Ab initio molecular orbital theory is applied to the study of PO and PS bonding in the hypervalent phosphinic (H2POOH), phosphinothioic (H2POSH), and phosphinodithioic (H2PSSH) acid molecules. Intramolecular proton exchange reactions are followed using the intrinsic reaction coordinate and Self-Consistent-Field energy localized orbitals. The PO and PS bonds are characterized via force constants, phosphorus d orbital populations, and localized orbitals and are best described as either normal single bonds or dative bonds augmented by π back donation from the oxygen or sulfur lone pairs. The anions of these acids are also investigated, and they are found to contain only dative bonds to sulfur and oxygen.
Self-directed termination of excessive cigarette use among untreated smokers

Abstract Fifty one letters from formerly long-term severely dependent cigarette smokers were analyzed for factors and procedures they thought to have been effective for termination of smoking. All respondents had stopped smoking without professional help. Most respondents used multiple techniques, but there was no systematic clustering of these methods.
Diagnosing and Managing Diabetes in HIV-Infected Patients: Current Concepts

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common condition with significant associated morbidity and mortality. DM diagnosis and management among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients is a particularly relevant topic as the HIV-infected population ages and more HIV-infected individuals live with chronic medical comorbidities. Although there is mixed evidence regarding HIV as an independent risk factor for DM, multiple factors related to HIV and its treatment are associated with DM. This review covers the epidemiology of DM in HIV-infected patients, and diagnosis, management, and treatment goals for DM in HIV-infected patients. We highlight the most recent DM treatment guidelines from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, emphasizing individualization of DM medication therapy and treatment goals. Finally, we review a comprehensive approach to cardiovascular disease risk reduction in HIV-infected patients with DM and measures to prevent other complications of DM.
Measurement Research: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going?

First, where we have been regarding measurement research will be discussed since the type, quality, and quantity of measurement research conducted in the past influences the type of measurement research which is presently conducted. Second, where we are now regarding measurement research will be discussed since the type of measurement research presently being conducted will influence the type of research which will be conducted in the future. Certainly the present status of, trends in, and needed measurement research should be identified to guide measurement researchers in deciding what measurement research to conduct. Third, where we are going regarding to measurement research will be discussed.
The Disadvantages of Utility Control of Components of the Consumer's Load in Order to Reduce Peaks

The utility should supply all the power requirements of the customer without load control unless the customer elects to purchase interruptible power.
Optical properties of the metals Al, Co, Cu, Au, Fe, Pb, Ni, Pd, Pt, Ag, Ti, and W in the infrared and far infrared

Infrared optical constants collected from the literature are tabulated. The data for the noble metals and Al, Pb, and W can be reasonably fit using the Drude model. It is shown that -epsilon1(omega) = epsilon2(omega) approximately omega(2)(p)/(2omega(2)(tau)) at the damping frequency omega = omega(tau). Also -epsilon1(omega(tau)) approximately - (1/2) epsilon1(0), where the plasma frequency is omega(p).
The Commercial Application of Expert Systems Technology

The relentless growth of the computer industry over more than 30 years has been driven on by a series of major innovations. High-level languages; solid-state logic; compatible machine ranges; disk storage; time-sharing; data communications; virtual machine architectures; the use of LSI and solid-state memory; text processing; personal computers; sucessful packaged software; each advance in its turn has opened up new markets and set off a new spurt of expansion. A vital conclusion of this study is that expert systems promise to be another such major innovation.
Unsupervised Bitstream Based Segmentation of Images

We consider here image segmentation as a problem of clustering texture features by frequency content. Specifically, we develop a low complexity algorithm for image segmentation that operates directly on the bitstream of JPEG compressed images. Using morphological filtering and watersheds, the algorithm effectively segments an image by combining areas of similar frequency content. Its low complexity and the fact that it does not require decoding makes it well-suited for distributed wireless sensor networks and image database search applications.
The inadequacy of the consonantal root: Modern Hebrew denominal verbs and output–output correspondence

Semitic languages such as Hebrew and Arabic are known for what has become characterised as their discontiguous or non-concatenative morphology. In the overwhelming majority of the literature, in both ‘traditional’ and generative grammar, semantically related words in such languages are described as sharing a common ROOT, usually consisting of three consonants. Such consonantal roots are viewed as actual morphemes with lexical status. Words are formed by affixation to roots; the most common type of such affixation is the interleaving of vowels between the consonants of a root. Within current phonology, the morphological status of roots was originally expressed through a multi-tiered representation, where a root occupied a distinguished tier (e.g. McCarthy 1979, 1981). More recently the notion of root has been challenged by Bat- El (1994a), who argues, based on properties of the process of denominal verb formation (DVF) in Modern Hebrew (MH), that the concept of root can be eliminated.In this paper, I present further arguments that there is no need to refer to roots in the process of DVF in MH. I also show that under such a view a unified, comprehensive treatment of DVF in MH is possible within Optimality Theory (OT; Prince & Smolensky 1993). This analysis goes beyond that originally presented in Bat-El (1994a), in that it has the power to predict the surface pattern of biliteral denominal verbs, whose outputs exhibit variation.
Self-replication and evolution of DNA crystals

Is it possible to create a simple physical system that is capable of replicating itself? Can such a system evolve interesting behaviors, thus allowing it to adapt to a wide range of environments? This paper presents a design for such a replicator constructed exclusively from synthetic DNA. The basis for the replicator is crystal growth: information is stored in the spatial arrangement of monomers and copied from layer to layer by templating. Replication is achieved by fragmentation of crystals, which produces new crystals that carry the same information. Crystal replication avoids intrinsic problems associated with template-directed mechanisms for replication of one-dimensional polymers. A key innovation of our work is that by using programmable DNA tiles as the crystal monomers, we can design crystal growth processes that apply interesting selective pressures to the evolving sequences. While evolution requires that copying occur with high accuracy, we show how to adapt error-correction techniques from algorithmic self-assembly to lower the replication error rate as much as is required.
Modeling the Evolution of Regulatory Elements by Simultaneous Detection and Alignment with Phylogenetic Pair HMMs

The computational detection of regulatory elements in DNA is a difficult but important problem impacting our progress in understanding the complex nature of eukaryotic gene regulation. Attempts to utilize cross-species conservation for this task have been hampered both by evolutionary changes of functional sites and poor performance of general-purpose alignment programs when applied to non-coding sequence. We describe a new and flexible framework for modeling binding site evolution in multiple related genomes, based on phylogenetic pair hidden Markov models which explicitly model the gain and loss of binding sites along a phylogeny. We demonstrate the value of this framework for both the alignment of regulatory regions and the inference of precise binding-site locations within those regions. As the underlying formalism is a stochastic, generative model, it can also be used to simulate the evolution of regulatory elements. Our implementation is scalable in terms of numbers of species and sequence lengths and can produce alignments and binding-site predictions with accuracy rivaling or exceeding current systems that specialize in only alignment or only binding-site prediction. We demonstrate the validity and power of various model components on extensive simulations of realistic sequence data and apply a specific model to study Drosophila enhancers in as many as ten related genomes and in the presence of gain and loss of binding sites. Different models and modeling assumptions can be easily specified, thus providing an invaluable tool for the exploration of biological hypotheses that can drive improvements in our understanding of the mechanisms and evolution of gene regulation.
Managing Euro FX Risk With Benchmark Data

Prompted by the financial crisis, central banks have offered unprecedented support for the global economy since 2007. But a primary concern of treasurers remains: How do you manage euro foreign exchange (FX) risk? So treasurers worry about the uncertainties: When and how will monetary policy be normalized? How will FX rates respond? And what information is needed to manage the accompanying FX risk prudently? The authors of this article help readers by providing benchmark data pertaining to euro FX risk management. They also explore the strategic implications of the data. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Industrial Home Work in the United States: Historical Dimensions and Contemporary Perspective:

The role that women workers have played throughout the industrialization of the United States has largely gone unrecognized. This article takes an historical look at one important form of labor, industrial home work, and traces its development and resurgence in its present day forms. Industrial home work, or wage labor in the home, has its roots in the putting out system or cottage industries. In the United States, such labor began with the commission system in textile production, and as such, was almost wholly female labor. And, since its origins, all the major forms of home work which have appeared in other industries have also been based on female employment. This article argues against the view that home work was a transitory phase in the industrialization process, and attempts to show that it has played an integral role from the very beginnings of the Industrial Revolution. To date, this wage labor in the home done by women has remained invisible and outside the discussions on industrialization in th...
Chronic nitrogen additions at the Harvard Forest (USA): the first 15 years of a nitrogen saturation experiment

Abstract The delivery of reactive forms of nitrogen to the environment through the sum of agricultural and industrial activities now exceeds that from natural processes. Potential negative effects on forests were first proposed in 1985, and in the ensuing two decades, the process of N saturation has become a well-established and generally understood phenomenon, with a few remaining, significant unknowns. One goal of this special section in Forest Ecology and Management is to report in detail on results from the first 15 years of chronic nitrogen additions to two contrasting forest types at the Harvard Forest in Petersham, MA, USA, with special reference to these two central questions. As similar projects elsewhere come to an end, the Harvard Forest experiment remains as one of the few on-going, long-term N saturation experiments. Longevity has enhanced the value of the chronic N experiment, and lead to a series of collaborative studies on plant, soil and microbial responses. Another goal of this special issue is to bring together and present the findings resulting from a diverse set of measurements enabled by the presence of this long-term experiment. A total of 11 papers are presented, in addition to this brief introduction.
The Reactions of C2H2 and CH3C2H on Ag Powder

Ag powder is activated by pulsing it with NO2 gas which forms fresh Ag microclusters. This powder is then exposed to subsequent pulses of C 2 H 2 or CH 3 C 2 H (3.7% in N 2 ). The surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra show dramatic intensity variations due to rapid changes in adatom concentration. Normalization of these time-dependent SERS spectra to the background scattering intensity, which is proportional to the adatom concentration, provides spectra which represent adsorbate coverage if major surface reconstruction does not occur. The temporal development of the SERS spectra of C 2 H 2 shows rapid degradation with no evidence for adsorbed species. In contrast, propyne reacts more slowly, as evidenced by the behavior of the intensity at 1980cm −1 due to adsorbed -C 2 -. The reactions observed are in accord with the models developed by Barteau and Madix[1] and Vohs, Carney, and Barteau[2]. Exposure to both alkynes results in the appearance of SERS active NO, an adsorbant not previously observed at room temperature. Ellipsometric measurements are consistent with the presence of a carbon overlayer, which may stabilize the NO and render the system inert to further chemical reaction.
XY Female with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome with Bilateral Inguinal Hernia.

The complete androgen insensitivity syndrome, previously called testicular feminization syndrome, is an X-linked recessive rare disorder. The individual is phenotypically female and genotypically male: a male pseudohermaphrodite. The individuals are reared as girls and the condition is suspected when the individual is evaluated for primary amenorrhea, infertility, or when unilateral/bilateral inguinal hernia is diagnosed in girls.
Edge-based 3-D camera motion estimation with application to video coding

Two classes of algorithms for modeling camera motion in video sequences captured by a camera are proposed. The first class can be applied when there is no camera translation and the motion of the camera can be adequately modeled by zoom, pan, and rotation parameters. The second class is more general in that it can be applied when the camera is undergoing a translation motion, as well as a rotation and zoom and pan. This class uses seven parameters to describe the motion of the camera and requires the depth map to be known at the receiver. The salient feature of both algorithms is that the camera motion is estimated using binary matching of the edges in successive frames. The rate distortion characteristics of the algorithms are compared with that of the block matching algorithm and show that the former provide performance characteristics similar to those of the latter with reduced computational complexity. >
A Great Debate in Japan: The Fate of the U.S.--Japan Security Treaty in 1970

N O OTHER SINGLE issue in recent years has more forcefully demonstrated the strains and stresses of Japanese-American relations than the war in Vietnam and its revealing potential for unlimited escalation. The T6kyo riot in 1960 over the U. S.-Japan Security Treaty had been long forgotten until the furor over the war in Vietnam spread in Japan. Early in 1966, George F. Kennan, testifying at a hearing of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, made a critical remark about U. S. "preoccupation with Vietnam" and warned: "There is no success we could have in Vietnam that could conceivably warrant the sacrifice by us of the confidence and goodwill of the Japanese people."' With U. S. bombing of North Vietnam the opposition in Japan to American strategy grew stronger. In spite of Prime Minister Sat6 Eisaku's express support of American policy, stated in the joint communique with President Lyndon B. Johnson on November 15, 1967, the Japanese public is deeply divided on the issue. Furthermore, Japanese reversionist movement over Okinawa (the Ryfikyfi Islands) has sharply heightened. The chief concern is that the price which Japan must pay for her defense ties with the United States as prescribed in the 1960 Security Treaty appears to be the surrender of her foreignpolicy independence and the insecurity which results from her participation in the "containment" policy of the United States. To a
Reliability of the comet assay in cryopreserved human sperm

BACKGROUND: Although the comet assay has potential value for measuring DNA damage in large epidemiological human sperm studies, it is impractical to perform the assay daily on fresh semen samples. Therefore, before its use in epidemiological studies, the reliability of the comet assay in measuring DNA damage in cryopreserved sperm should be compared with that in fresh human sperm. METHODS: Semen samples from 16 men were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen (LN) using four methods: flash freezing with and without cryopreservative, and programmable freezing with and without cryopreservative. Neutral microgel electrophoresis was performed and comets were stained with YOYO-1. Comet length was measured using an eyepiece micrometer at 400 magnification. RESULTS: The highest correlation was between comet assay results obtained from fresh human semen compared with semen flash frozen without cryopreservative (R 0.88). However, the method of cryopreservation, as compared with other sources of variability, accounted for only 6% of the variability. Inter-individual variability accounted for 20%, and individual sperm-to-sperm variability within an ejaculate accounted for 65%. CONCLUSIONS: Flashfreezing in LN without cryopreservative most closely reproduced the results obtained using fresh human semen samples, and thereby represents the most appropriate cryopreservation method for human semen in epidemiological studies utilizing the neutral comet assay.
Does Experience Teach? Professionals and Minimax Play in the Lab

Does expertise in strategic behavior obtained in the field transfer to the abstract setting of the laboratory? Palacios-Huerta and Volij (2008) argued that the behavior of professional soccer players in mixed-strategy games conforms closely to minimax play, while the behavior of students (who are presumably novices in strategic situations requiring unpredictability) does not. We reexamine their data, showing that the play of professionals is inconsistent with the minimax hypothesis in several respects: (i) professionals follow nonstationary mixtures, with action frequencies that are negatively correlated between the first and the second half of the experiment, (ii) professionals tend to switch between under- and overplaying an action relative to its equilibrium frequency, and (iii) the distribution of action frequencies across professionals is far from the distribution implied by minimax. In each respect, the behavior of students conforms more closely to the minimax hypothesis.
Human non-small cell lung tumors and cells derived from normal lung express both estrogen receptor α and β and show biological responses to estrogen

Lung cancer is becoming increasingly common in women and in the United States accounts for more female cancer deaths annually than breast cancer. Many epidemiological studies have provided evidence that women are more susceptible than men to the adverse effects of tobacco smoke. These observations suggest the possible role of estrogens in lung carcinogenesis. We report here the expression of mRNA for estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and beta (ERbeta) in cultured human non-small cell lung cancer cells, cultured lung fibroblasts, and primary cultures of normal bronchial epithelium. Western analysis of ERalpha suggested that the main protein expressed in lung tumor cells is a variant, probably attributable to alternative splicing. Protein for ERbeta was found to be a mixture of full-length as well as alternatively spliced variants. beta-Estradiol produced a proliferative response in vitro in both normal lung fibroblasts and cultured non-small cell lung tumor cells. This effect was also observed in vivo. In this regard, beta-estradiol stimulated growth of the non-small cell lung tumor line, H23, grown as tumor xenografts in SCID mice. This effect was blocked by fluvestrant (ICI 182,780). In paraffin sections of non-small cell lung tumors, ERbeta immunoreactivity was localized to the nucleus, whereas ERalpha immunoreactivity was mainly localized to the cytoplasm, suggesting that both nuclear and cytoplasmic signaling may be involved in estrogenic responses in the lung. To show that the ERs found in the lung are functional, we demonstrated that beta-estradiol stimulated transcription of an estrogen response element-luciferase construct transfected in non-small cell lung tumor cell lines. Antiestrogens blocked this effect. Treatment of lung fibroblasts with beta-estradiol also increased secretion of hepatocyte growth factor by 2-fold. These results suggest that estrogen signaling plays a biological role in both the epithelium and the mesenchyme in the lung and that estrogens could potentially promote lung cancer, either through direct actions on preneoplastic or neoplastic cells or through indirect actions on lung fibroblasts. Additionally, it is possible that antiestrogens may have therapeutic value to treat or prevent lung cancer.
To flip or not to flip: lipid-protein charge interactions are a determinant of final membrane protein topology.

The molecular details of how lipids influence final topological organization of membrane proteins are not well understood. Here, we present evidence that final topology is influenced by lipid–protein interactions most likely outside of the translocon. The N-terminal half of Escherichia coli lactose permease (LacY) is inverted with respect to the C-terminal half and the membrane bilayer when assembled in mutants lacking phosphatidylethanolamine and containing only negatively charged phospholipids. We demonstrate that inversion is dependent on interactions between the net charge of the cytoplasmic surface of the N-terminal bundle and the negative charge density of the membrane bilayer surface. A transmembrane domain, acting as a molecular hinge between the two halves of the protein, must also exit from the membrane for inversion to occur. Phosphatidylethanolamine dampens the translocation potential of negative residues in favor of the cytoplasmic retention potential of positive residues, thus explaining the dominance of positive over negative amino acids as co- or post-translational topological determinants.
Soft Tissue Pseudosarcomas

Soft tissue pathology is one of the most challenging areas of diagnostic pathology, not only because of the morphologic diversity of such lesions, but also because of their rarity and pathologists' subsequent lack of exposure to these tumors. Many lesions mimic malignant mesenchymal neoplasms, collectively referred to as "pseudosarcomas." The list of proliferations that can simulate a sarcoma is extensive and heterogeneous. This review addresses malignant, nonmesenchymal neoplasms; mesenchymal neoplasms that histologically mimic sarcomas but are benign; and benign reactive soft tissue lesions that are neither neoplastic nor malignant, but have worrisome clinical and/or morphologic features.
Land cover post-classifications by Markov chain geostatistical cosimulation based on pre-classifications by different conventional classifiers

The recently proposed Bayesian Markov chain random field MCRF cosimulation approach, as a new non-linear geostatistical cosimulation method, for land cover classification improvement i.e. post-classification may significantly increase classification accuracy by taking advantage of expert-interpreted data and pre-classified image data. The objective of this study is to explore the performance of the MCRF post-classification method based on pre-classification results from different conventional classifiers on a complex landscape. Five conventional classifiers, including maximum likelihood ML, neural network NN, Support Vector Machine SVM, minimum distance MD, and k-means KM, were used to conduct land cover pre-classifications of a remotely sensed image with a 90,000 ha area and complex landscape. A sample dataset 0.32% of total pixels was first interpreted based on expert knowledge from the image and other related data sources, and then MCRF cosimulations were performed conditionally on the expert-interpreted sample dataset and the five pre-classified image datasets, respectively. Finally, MCRF post-classification maps were compared with corresponding pre-classification maps. Results showed that the MCRF method achieved obvious accuracy improvements ranging from 4.6% to 16.8% in post-classifications compared to the pre-classification results from different pre-classifiers. This study indicates that the MCRF post-classification method is capable of improving land cover classification accuracy over different conventional classifiers by making use of multiple data sources expert-interpreted data and pre-classified data and spatial correlation information, even if the study area is relatively large and has a complex landscape.
Mission control: man aging atrial fibrillation.

An aging population is making this dysrhythmia more and more common. Find out about the latest treatments.
Ineffectiveness of Electrolyte Additives for Overcharge Protection in Li-Ion Battery

A series of well-known overcharge protecting electrolyte additives for Li-ion batteries (diphenyl ether (PE), biphenyl (BP), cyclohexyl benzene (CHB) and N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) were tested at equal conditions. A high energy density prismatic cell with LiCoO2 as a cathode was used. Overcharge additives in various concentrations in electrolyte (EC/PC/EMC, 1.1M LiPF6) were overcharged at 1C/12V conditions. The additives' influences on electrochemical cell performance were tested as well. None of the tested additives showed any notable improvements on battery safety during overcharge. Possible mechanisms of Li ion battery failure at overcharge will be discussed.
Investigation of Sidewall Recombination in GaN Using a Quantum Well Probe

In this study, we use a quantum well (QW) probe structure to explore the size dependent effects of sidewall recombination in GaN. Mesas 0.8-7 μm in width with pitches of 4 μm, 8 μm, and 12 μm were etched into the QW probe structure, exposing the QW at the sidewalls. Several etch conditions were investigated. Room temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements, using a He-Cd laser as an excitation source and laser spot size of approximately 230 μm, were taken before and after the mesas were etched. The effects of sidewall formation were quantified by comparing the maximum PL intensity of the QW before and after etch. Higher remaining PL intensity was observed for etch conditions which used both Ar ions and Cl 2 gas instead of only Ar ions. The fraction of remaining PL decreased with decreasing mesa width, however the remaining PL intensity was relatively large even for small features. The preliminary data suggested that GaN is relatively insensitive to sidewall damage.
Quality of Diabetic Care among Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangalore, South India: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background Despite high prevalence of diabetes, translation of practice recommendations to care is still deficient in Asian and developed countries. The objective of this study is to assess the quality of care provided to diabetic patients and extent of knowledge transfer by the provider to these patients as a measure of the quality of service. Materials and methods A cross sectional study was done among 190 diabetic patients over a period of 6 months. All type II diabetic patients, 30 years and above, who were diagnosed at least 1 year back without any other co-morbidity satisfied the inclusion criteria. They were interviewed based on an audit checklist formulated by National Diabetes Quality Improvement Alliance. Results The results revealed that blood pressure is the only parameter which is regularly monitored in majority (93%) of the diabetics. Hb1AC, LDL cholesterol and eye check up were less common and done only in 40%, 52.6% and 56.8% of diabetics respectively. Only 33(17.37%) had at least 5 of the 7 essential parameters monitored at least once in the last year. The knowledge questionnaire showed that more than 70% of the diabetic patients know that their condition requires lifelong management, diet modifications and exercises. There was no difference in the knowledge scores between the people who had no essential tests done and those diabetics who got 5 essential tests done. Gender, education, occupation and duration of diabetes were associated with knowledge score. Conclusion There is a need to formulate the local standards of care and clinical practice guidelines for the management of diabetes that are easily affordable and available to the health care providers and applicable to our country at the national level. Continuing audit of patients with diabetes is a feasible and a very useful method of promoting and helping to achieve the management goals of a good quality care.
Evaluation and treatment of complications of thyroid and parathyroid surgery

The major complications of thyroid and parathyroid surgery include hemorrhage, respiratory obstruction, hyperthyroid storm, hypoparathyroidism, and laryngeal nerve injury. In this article, the incidence, diag-nosis, and treatment of various complications are reviewed, with emphasis on hypoparathyroidism and vocal cord paralysis, either bilateral or unilateral. Thy-roplastic phonosurgery and carbon dioxide laser ary-tenoidectomy, two recent surgical additions to the rehabilitation of vocal cord paralysis, are described in depth.
Understanding Differences in Instructional Quality Between High and Lower Value-Added Schools in a Large Urban District

Background/ContextHigh schools are under increasing pressure to move beyond just graduating students, and many high schools today continue to have low rates of student retention and learning, parti...
Abstract A23: Oncogenic Ras induces inflammatory cytokine production by upregulating squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SerpinB3)

Mounting evidence indicates that oncogenic Ras can modulate cell autonomous inflammatory cytokine production, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we show that squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA), a member of the Serpin family of serine/cysteine protease inhibitors, is transcriptionally up-regulated by oncogenic Ras via MAPK and the ETS family transcription factor PEA3. Increased SCCA expression leads to inhibition of protein turnover, unfolded protein response (UPR), activation of NF-κB, and is essential for Ras-mediated cytokine production and tumor growth. Analysis of human colorectal and pancreatic tumor samples reveals a positive correlation between Ras mutation, enhanced SCCA expression, and IL-6 expression. These results indicate that SCCA is a Ras-responsive factor that plays an essential role in Ras-associated cytokine production and tumorigenesis. Citation Format: Joseph Catanzaro, Namratha Sheshadri, Ji-An Pan, Yu Sun, Chanjuan Shi, Jinyu Li, Scott Powers, Howard Crawford, Wei-Xing Zong. Oncogenic Ras induces inflammatory cytokine production by upregulating squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SerpinB3). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on RAS Oncogenes: From Biology to Therapy; Feb 24-27, 2014; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2014;12(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A23. doi: 10.1158/1557-3125.RASONC14-A23
High School Cardiac Emergency Response Plans and Sudden Cardiac Death in the Young.

Introduction Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is responsible for 5%-10% of all deaths among children 5-19 years-of-age. The incidence of SCD in youth in Michigan (USA) and nationwide is higher in racial/ethnic minorities and in certain geographic areas. School cardiac emergency response plans (CERPs) increase survival after cardiac arrest. However, school cardiac emergency preparedness remains variable. Studying population-level factors associated with school cardiac emergency preparedness and incidence of SCD in the young may improve understanding of disparities in the incidence of SCD. Hypothesis/Problem The objective of this pilot study was to determine the association of elements of high school cardiac emergency preparedness, including Automated External Defibrillator (AED) distribution and the presence of CERPs with county sociodemographic characteristics and county incidence of SCD in the young. Methods Surveys were sent to representatives from all public high schools in 30 randomly selected Michigan counties. Counties with greater than 50% response rate were included (n=19). Association of county-level sociodemographic characteristics with incidence of SCD in the young and existence of CERPs were evaluated using Spearman correlation coefficient. Results Factors related to the presence of AEDs were similar across counties. Schools in counties of lower socioeconomic status (SES; lower-median income, lower per capita income, and higher population below poverty level) were less likely to have a CERP than those with higher SES (all P<.01). Lack of a CERP was associated with a higher incidence of SCD in youth (r=-0.71; P=.001). Overall incidence of SCD in youth was higher in lower SES counties (r=-0.62 in median income and r=0.51 in population below poverty level; both P<.05). Conclusion County SES is associated with the presence of CERPs in schools, suggesting a link between school cardiac emergency preparedness and county financial resources. Additionally, counties of lower SES demonstrated higher incidence of SCD in the young. Statewide and national studies are required to further explore the factors relating to geographic and socioeconomic differences in cardiac emergency preparedness and the incidence of SCD in the young. White MJ , Loccoh EC , Goble MM , Yu S , Odetola FO , Russell MW . High School Cardiac Emergency Response Plans and Sudden Cardiac Death in the Young. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(3):269–272.
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for pain management in combat‐related transtibial amputees during rehabilitation and prosthetic training

Military members with war-related lower limb amputation experience a range of acute and chronic pain symptoms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pain during 12 weeks of a military amputee rehabilitation program (MARP) pre- and post-prosthesis. The data for this study were drawn from a randomized clinical trial comparing MARP supplemented with neuromuscular electrostimulation (MARP + NMES, n = 23) to MARP alone (n = 21) for service members with unilateral transtibial amputation. The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) and phantom limb pain/sensations were assessed at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks. Changes within- and between-groups were analyzed with generalized mixed models. Participants reported mild-to-moderate pain at all visits, and improved significantly on the MPQ and frequency of phantom limb pain/sensations (p < .001 for effect of time). Group by time interactions were not significant, indicating both groups showed similar improvement. Univariate tests showed the NMES + MARP group had lower pain intensity than MARP-only group at weeks 3 and 6. Participants in MARP demonstrated good overall pain control and reported reduced pain and fewer days with phantom limb pain/sensations over 12 weeks. Adding NMES to MARP may be beneficial in early rehabilitation, and NMES could potentially enhance physical therapy participation by decreasing pain.
Phosphorus-Rich CuP2 Embedded in Carbon Matrix as a High-Performance Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Phosphorus-rich CuP2 and its carbon composites have been investigated as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Through a facile, low-cost mechanochemical reaction, microsized composites composed of active CuP2 particles uniformly embedded in the carbon matrix have been successfully synthesized. Combined structural and electrochemical characterizations show that phosphorus-rich CuP2 undergoes irreversible reaction with lithium, giving metal-rich Cu3P and amorphous phosphorus at the end of the first cycle. Both Cu3P and phosphorus are reversibly formed in subsequent cycles, contributing to a high reversible capacity of >1000 mA h g–1. By controlling the carbon content, the electrochemical reversibility and stability of CuP2 are greatly improved. The carbon composite demonstrates a remarkable lithium-storage capability in terms of a stable capacity of >720 mA h g–1 over 100 cycles at 200 mA g–1, a high initial Coulombic efficiency of ∼83%, and a good rate capability with a capacity of >637 mA h g–1 at...
Neurological Complications of Leukemia

The leptomeninges, spinal fluid and peripheral nerves can serve as sanctuary sites for leukemia. Neurologic complications arise from direct leukemic infiltration of the central and peripheral nervous system, indirect leukemic effects (e.g., cerebral leukostasis, cerebrovascular accidents, paraneoplastic syndromes), effect from treatments or stem cell transplant (e.g., graft versus host disease, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome) or immune compromise. This review discusses the clinical manifestations of neurologic complications in leukemia patients and reviews the recent advances in their diagnosis and management.
Empirical Studies in the Psychology of Religion: An Assessment of the Period 1960–1970:

Developments in the psychology of religion during the 1960s are discussed. The upsurge in interest in the area since 1950 is noted. Special attention is given to advances in (1) the definition of r...
Assessment of learning algorithms to model perception of sound

Predicting human response to complex sound is a nontrivial task. Besides large differences among subjects and practically infinite types of stimuli, human response to sound is typically quantified by a few parameters having nonlinear behavior. Still, such predictions are valuable for the assessment of sound quality, which is a critical step toward the development of systems that offer improved human comfort, productivity and wellness. The overall objective of this work is to learn about human perception of sound through the use of machine learning algorithms. Learning algorithms are ideal for modeling the complex behavior of subjective parameters and identifying new trends with the potential to accumulate knowledge from different experiments. This work compares the performance of four learning algorithms (linear regression, support vector machines, decision trees, and random forests) to predict annoyance due to complex sound. Construction of these models relies on the annoyance response of 38 subjects to 103 sounds described by five known predictors (loudness, roughness, sharpness, tonality, and fluctuation strength). Comparison of these algorithms in terms of prediction accuracy, model interpretability, versatility, and computation time indicates that decision trees and random forests are the best algorithms for this task.
From Aircrib to Walden Two

Many textbooks and articles about B. F. Skinner’s work assert that operant conditioning procedures work with rats and pigeons or with drill and practice in human beings, but not with complex behaviors such as problem solving or creativity. The impression these secondary sources give is that Skinner was not much concerned with larger issues, nor with behavior more sophisticated than giving the answer to questions like “What is 2 + 2?” While it is true that Skinner’s first book reported work on the behavior of rats (Skinner, 1938), and that one other book was a compendium of work using pigeons (Ferster & Skinner, 1957), the rest of Skinner’s books could not possibly give the impression that his main concern was the behavior of laboratory animals. Take, for example, Skinner’s (1953) textbook, Science and Human Behavior. Of the 449 pages, half are devoted to general principles about the analysis of behavior. The remaining 222 pages discuss larger issues, including chapters labeled “Self-control,” “Thinking,” “The Self,” “Social Behavior,” and “Designing a Culture.” The breadth of Skinner’s concern for human welfare always surprises those who know Skinner only through secondary sources.
Why do Healthcare Organizations Choose to Violate Information Technology Privacy Regulations? Proposing the Selective Information Privacy Violations in Healthcare Organizations Model (SIPVHOM)

Privacy concerns about protected healthcare information (PHI) are rampant because of the ease of access to PHI from the advent of Healthcare IT (HIT) and its exploding use. Continual negative cases in the popular attest to the fact that current privacy regulations are failing to keep PHI sufficiently secure in the climate of increate HIT use. To address these issues, this paper proposes a theoretical model with testable hypotheses to explain and predict organizational IT privacy violations in the healthcare industry. Our model, the Selective Information Privacy Violations in Healthcare Organizations Model (SIPVHOM), explains how organizational structures and processes and characteristics of regulatory environments alter perceptions of risk and thereby the likelihood of rule violations. Finally, based on SIPVHOM, we offer recommendations for the structuring of regulatory environments and organizational structures to decrease abuse of PHI.
Use of a tissue biomarker panel to predict which men with a rising PSA post-definitive prostate cancer therapy will have systemic progression

5017 Background: The majority of men with prostate cancer are diagnosed with cancers with low mortality. Such men are treated with radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy, or brachytherap...
Kinetics of phagocytosis in trabecular meshwork cells. Flow cytometry and morphometry.

Confluent human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells from three different donors and at various stages of serial passage were fed fluorescein-labeled polystyrene beads. Phagocytosis was monitored for up to 6 days using flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and morphometric calculations from comprehensive electron microscopic observations at key time points. During the first 4 hr after initiation of phagocytosis, the confluent endothelial monolayer lost its cohesiveness and became segregated into separate cells. During the first 3 days the cells underwent marked and progressive changes in shape and size. After 4 days, some cells detached from the dish, as necrotic debris and degenerative changes appeared. The kinetics of phagocytosis in this stable, confluent monolayer showed that recruitment (the percentage of cells which had ingested at least one bead) proceeded semilogarithmically, with 50% of the cells recruited by 8 hr and 97% by 96 hr. The time course of phagocytosis (ie, the average number of beads phagocytosed per cell) is described by a sigmoidlike curve, reaching half-maximum at 40 hr and maximum (about 500 beads per cell) at 96 hr. The rate of uptake (ie, the first derivative of the average number of beads per cell) reached a peak (nine beads per cell per hr) at 24 hr and then decelerated slowly over the next 5 days. Cytochalasin B treatment, as a control, reduced phagocytosis by approximately 70%. Flow cytometry, when combined with electron microscopy, should provide a useful tool to examine phagocytosis in HTM cells exposed to steroids and other hormones and drugs. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 30:2499-2511,1989
Land tenure, price shocks, and insurgency: Evidence from Peru and Colombia

Abstract The paper examines how property arrangements – a key determinant of rural income – influence armed conflict in the presence of commodity price shocks. Using detailed data on district level land tenure, crop produce, and conflict intensity in Peru and Colombia, estimates show that exogenous negative price shocks increase the intensity of conflict in districts with a greater presence of individual ownership, relative to other types of land tenure. The finding is consistent with small landowners in the export sector experiencing a sharper downturn in labor market outcomes thus reducing the opportunity cost of participating in insurgent groups.
Mussel Species Richness Estimation and Rarefaction in Choctawhatchee River Watershed Streams

We determined the number of samples necessary to accurately estimate species richness at three sites in the Choctawhatchee River watershed in Alabama and Florida. We sampled each site eight times using 5 person-hr timed searches with a combination of visual and tactile searching from June to October 2012. We estimated total species richness at each site using the Chao 2 estimator to construct rarefaction curves. We used these relationships to determine sampling effort necessary to detect 80%, 90%, 95%, and 99% of the estimated total species richness and the percentage of species detected with successive samples. We conducted the same analyses using a subset of the data including only federally threatened or endangered (TE) species. Species detection and effort requirements differed among streams and were primarily influenced by mussel abundance. We detected 62–88% of estimated total species richness with one sample, and detection of 90–99% of species required 2.1–8.0 samples. At two sites with high mussel abundance, detection of ≥90% of estimated total species richness required 1.3– 2.2 samples, but five samples were required to detect a similar percentage of species at a site with lower mussel abundance. A single sample was sufficient to detect all TE species present at two sites where these species were abundant, but a single sample in a stream with lower mussel abundance detected only 45% of TE species, and eight samples were required to detect 90% of TE species.