cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Geologic Implications of Abyssal Bed Forms along the East Coast Continental Margin

Submarine bed forms in abyssal regions were identified shortly after deep-water cameras obtained photographs in the deep oean in the late 1940's and 50's; larger bed forms were recognized shortly after the advent of precision acoustic echo sounding in the 1950's. However, it was not until a series of landmark papers by Bruce Heezen and his students and colleagues at the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory that a general framework was developed to explain the distribution of abyssal bed forms: deep currents flowing along the boundaries of the major ocean basins were inferred to transport fine-grained sediments long distances throughout the abyssal ocean and to sculpt the sediment surface. Subsequent identification of near-bottom maxima in suspended concentration and direct measurement of abyssal currents generally supported the initial hypothesis, although it rapidly became apparent that flow near the bottom was neither always steady nor simply predicted. During the 1970's our understanding of the types of bed forms on the abyssal sea floor and their distribution expanded dramatically as a result of detailed studies utilizing near-bottom towed acoustic sensors, extensive photography, and direct observation from deep-diving submersibles. We are now aware of a series of bed forms ranging in size from a few centimeters (ripples, lineations, streamlined obstacle marks) to a few meters (longitudinal triangular ripples, furrows), a few kilometers (large sediment waves -- both asymmetric and symmetric), and tens to hundreds of kilometers (sediment drifts or ridges which parallel the major current pathways). However, our understanding of physical controls on bed form development and the time scales involved is still in a preliminary stage. Extensive studies will be required to develop and verify models which accurately relate flow characteristics to bed form types. The first comprehensive approach to this problem is the High Energy Benthic Boundary Layer Experiment (HEBBLE) which has brought together a diverse group of engineers, geologists, physical oceanographers, and biologists to examine in detail the relationship between fine-scale surface morphology and boundary-layer flow in a region of strong bottom currents. Our increased knowledge and understanding of abyssal bed forms will ultimately allow us to interpret the fine-scale structural/stratigraphic relationships in continental margin sequences as well as the types and variability of present-day sedimentary processes in the deep sea.
A solution of the eigenproblem for undamped gyroscopic systems with the Lanczos algorithm

This paper presents an efficient numerical solution of the quadratic eigenproblem arising in the analysis of gyroscopic systems. Such problems are known to reduce to a generalized linear eigenproblem defined by two real non-singular matrices, one symmetric and one skew-symmetric. For this class of problems, the general Lanczos algorithm for unsymmetric matrices is shown to simplify considerably and yields an efficient solution of the problem. Full advantage can be taken of the sparsity of the matrices and of the specific nature of gyroscopic systems. Numerical examples are presented, which demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the solution procedure.
The role of mass media campaigns in reducing high-risk drinking among college students.

Objective: This article categorizes and describes current media campaigns to reduce college student drinking, reviews key prin- ciples of campaign design and outlines recommendations for future cam- paigns. Method: The article describes three types of media campaigns on student drinking: information, social norms marketing, and advocacy. Key principles of campaign design are derived from work in commer- cial marketing, advertising, and public relations and from evaluations of past public health campaigns. Results: Information campaigns on the dangers of high-risk drinking are common, but none has been rigorously evaluated. Quasi-experimental studies suggest that social norms mar- keting campaigns, which correct misperceptions of campus drinking norms, may be effective, but more rigorous research is needed. As of this writing, only one major media campaign has focused on policy ad- vocacy to reduce college student drinking, but it is still being evaluated. Lessons for campaign design are organized as a series of steps for cam- paign development, implementation and assessment: launch a strategic planning process, select a strategic objective, select the target audience, develop a staged approach, define the key promise, avoid fear appeals, select the right message source, select a mix of media channels, maxi- mize media exposure, conduct formative research, and conduct process and outcome evaluations. Conclusions: Future campaigns should inte- grate information, social norms marketing, and advocacy approaches to create a climate of support for institutional, community and policy changes that will alter the environment in which students make deci- sions about their alcohol consumption. (J. Stud. Alcohol, Supplement No. 14: 182-192, 2002)
The daguerreotype surface as a SERS substrate: characterization of image deterioration in plates from the 19th century studio of Southworth & Hawes

Dramatic condition changes were noted in a group of daguerreotypes during a 10 month-long exhibition featuring masterworks of the prominent Boston-based studio of Southworth & Hawes. The changes took the form of a hazy, extended white surface layer and of white spots that partially obscured the images after between four weeks and 10 months of exhibition. Raman spectroscopy, complemented by in situ scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM–EDS), was used to nondestructively characterize this form of image deterioration in eight representative daguerreotypes from the studio. Raman proved to be a sensitive technique to noninvasively identify the compounds on the plates due to the fact that their Ag surfaces behave as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. A band at ca 242 cm−1 assigned to the AgCl stretching mode was observed in the areas where a white surface layer or white spots are present. In some of the areas probed, substituted aromatic compounds were also detected. The presence of AgCl bonds on daguerreotype surfaces has profound implications for their exhibition and preservation due to the photosensitivity of silver chloride in the ultraviolet–visible range, which can generate metallic silver that would redeposit on the surfaces. The possible sources of the compounds detected on the surfaces of the plates are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
View-invariant action recognition using fundamental ratios

A moving plane observed by a fixed camera induces a fundamental matrix F across multiple frames, where the ratios among the elements in the upper left 2times2 submatrix are herein referred to as the Fundamental Ratios. We show that fundamental ratios are invariant to camera parameters, and hence can be used to identify similar plane motions from varying viewpoints. For action recognition, we decompose a body posture into a set of point triplets (planes). The similarity between two actions is then determined by the motion of point triplets and hence by their associated fundamental ratios, providing thus view-invariant recognition of actions. Results evaluated over 255 semi-synthetic video data with 100 independent trials at a wide range of noise levels, and also on 56 real videos of 8 different classes of actions, confirm that our method can recognize actions under substantial amount of noise, even when they have dynamic timeline maps, and the viewpoints and camera parameters are unknown and totally different.
Relational-Cultural Therapy by Judith V. Jordan

Relational-Cultural Therapy is part of the Theories of Psychotherapy Series edited by Jon Carlson and Matt Englar-Carlson and published by the American Psychological Association. This slim volume i...
Thermal conductivity and impurity scattering in the accreting neutron star crust

We calculate the thermal conductivity of electrons for the strongly correlated multi-component ion plasma expected in the outer layers of neutron star's crust employing a Path Integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) approach. This allows us to isolate the low energy response of the ions and use it to calculate the electron scattering rate and the electron thermal conductivity. We find that the scattering rate is enhanced by a factor 2-4 compared to earlier calculations based on the simpler electron-impurity scattering formalism. This findings directly impacts the interpretation of thermal relaxation observed in transiently accreting neutron stars and has implications for the composition and nuclear reactions in the crust that occur during accretion.
Vernacularization of liberal civil society by transnational Islamist NGO networks

Over the last two decades, informal Islamic networks have been re-establishing themselves as formal NGOs and building transnational coalitions. These newly formed faith-based NGOs retain their original agendas: promoting Islamic revival and global solidarity by supporting Muslim communities around the world. However, they now reposition themselves as ‘civil society initiatives’ and selectively appropriate the liberal civil society discourse. In this article, I analyse the discursive strategies that local actors undertake when they vernacularize external idea packages that challenge their cognitive preconceptions. The empirical findings of the article demonstrate that the ideological self-positioning of the local norm-taker is a key determinant of the vernacularization of micro processes. To reconcile the perceived normative conflict between political Islamist and liberal civil society frameworks, vernacularizers prune the civil society concept down to its associational and communitarian elements, discard its Western connotative associations, reconstruct the concept to match their institutional and cultural preconceptions, and claim its original ownership.
Imaging diagnosis of duplication of the alimentary tract in child

Objective:To investigate the imaging manifestations and the value of various imaging examinations of duplication of the alimentary tract in children. Methods:Imaging findings, clinical data and pathological results of 12 cases with histologically proved duplication of the alimentary tract were retrospectively analyzed. Results:Of the 12 cases, there were 1 case of rectal duplication, 1 case of gastric duplication, 10 cases of intestinal duplication. Abdominal plain film showed complete obstruction in 2 cases, incomplete obstruction in 3 cases and mass in 2 cases. Barium/air GI examination or enema was performed in 7 cases, in which 3 cases had mass effect, 1 case had filling defect, 1 case had mass after relocation of intussusception, 2 cases had normal appearances. BUS was performed in 8 cases in which 6 cases showed cystic lesions, 1 case showed intestinal obstruction and 1 case showed peritonitis. CT revealed fluid density, unilocular cyst in 4 cases, cystic wall was thick, and were enhanced after enhancement. Conclusion:Applications of various imaging examinations had important value to accurately diagnose duplication of the alimentary tract in children.
No Sense in Dwelling on the Past?: The Fate of the US Air Force’s German Air Force Monograph Project, 1952–69

Abstract : This book examines the German air force (GAF) monograph project, also known as the Karlsruhe project, through which the US Air Force employed former Luftwaffe generals to record the history of World War II from the German perspective. Historians have explored parallel programs in the US Army and Navy, but the Karlsruhe project has received little attention. However, the Air Force monographs have proven useful to historians because of their high quality. This book attributes the Karlsruhe monographs' strength as works of history primarily to the Air Force's limited interest in them, which insulated the writers from outside pressure to produce studies of immediate utility to the military. Whereas policy needs drove the Army and Navy programs and often caused them to search for convenient tactical "lessons" in German history, the GAF monograph project was effectively autonomous. This was a mixed blessing. Chronically undermanned and inadequately funded, the project ended with most studies still unfinished. The Air Force ignored the monographs and failed to benefit from the experience of the Luftwaffe. This book illustrates the inherent tensions in writing official military history and utilizes the Karlsruhe project as a lens to examine problems plaguing the Air Force during the early Cold War. Still, cooperative historical work proved to be an inexpensive and unexpected way of cementing the critical West German- American military alliance, and both air forces came to value this aspect of the project more than the historical studies it produced.
Abstract 3250: Caspase-1 from MDSC promote MyD88 dependent carcinogenesis that is T-cell independent

Myeloid-derived-suppression cells (MDSC) are functionally defined to suppress T-cells in their primary means of immune evasion mechanism in cancer. However, we have discovered that MDSC can have direct, T-cell independent pro-carcinogenic effect on tumor cells. Sorted monocytic CD14+/CD11b+/HLA-DRlow MDSCs from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients were found to increase the proliferation index of HNSCC cells. This induction of tumor proliferation was not dependent on MDSC-tumor cell contact. Exome analysis showed that these human MDSC from cancer patients expressed high levels of inflammasome complex, and supernatant from the MDSCs were found to secrete IL-1b and IL-18. When we probed the functional significance of these inflammasome complex, we found that MDSC9s promotion of tumor proliferative index of the tumor was found to be Caspase-1 dependent. To test this in vivo, T-cell depleted caspase-1 null mice showed significant decrease in tumor growth rate. To confirm the importance of myeloid inflammasome signaling in carcinogenesis, we suppressed MyD88 gene in tumor cell line Cal27 and found that the ability of MDSC to promoting tumor proliferation is diminished. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that tumor infiltrating MDSCs may play a prominent role in chronic inflammation associated carcinogenesis. Citation Format: Qi Zeng, Jesse R. Qualliotine, Lee Blosser, Drew Pardoll, Young J. Kim. Caspase-1 from MDSC promote MyD88 dependent carcinogenesis that is T-cell independent. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3250.
Gender differences in exercise-induced changes in sex hormone levels and lipid peroxidation in athletes participating in the Hawaii Ironman triathlon. Ginsburg-gender and exercise-induced lipid peroxidation.

Background: Exercise reduces the risk of coronary heart disease in men and women but paradoxically, may promote free-radical formation, lipid peroxidation and vascular tissue injury. In this study, we assessed whether exercise-induced oxidative stress similarly affected men and women who participated in the Hawaii Ironman triathlon. Methods and results: Fifty-seven athletes (38 males) who completed the triathlon (3.9 km swim, 180.2 km bike, 42.2 km run) participated in this study. Blood samples were obtained 2 days before and immediately after the triathlon for the measurement of lipids, antioxidants and sex hormones and for the assessment of the susceptibility of plasma lipids to peroxidation. Lipid changes after exercise were similar for men and women. However, the susceptibility of plasma lipids to peroxidation was reduced by 61% (P<0.001) in men and only 14% (P=NS) in women postrace. These changes were not associated with the supplemental use or levels of antioxidants. In addition, in men there was an increase of 58% in the antioxidant sex hormone estradiol and a decrease of 58% in testosterone (P<0.001) postrace. No significant changes were noted for these two hormones in women. Conclusions: There are significant gender-specific differences in the susceptibility of lipids to peroxidation and in changes in estradiol and testosterone levels as a result of ultra-endurance exercise. These changes may in part explain the salutary effect of exercise on the development of vascular disease.
Proton Treatment Techniques for Posterior Fossa Tumors: Consequences for Linear Energy Transfer and Dose-Volume Parameters for the Brainstem and Organs at Risk

Purpose In proton therapy of posterior fossa tumors, at least partial inclusion of the brainstem in the target is necessary because of its proximity to the tumor and required margins. Additionally, the preferred beam geometry results in directing the field distal edge toward this critical structure, raising concerns for brainstem toxicity. Some treatment techniques place the beam's distal edge within the brainstem (dose-sparing techniques), and others avoid elevated linear energy transfer (LET) of the proton field by placing the distal edge beyond it (LET-sparing techniques). Hybrid approaches are also being used. We examine the dosimetric efficacy of these techniques, accounting for LET-dependent and dose-dependent variable relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) distributions. Methods Six techniques were applied in ependymoma cases: (a) 3-field dose-sparing; (b) 3-field LET-sparing; (c) 2-field dose-sparing, wide angles; (d) 2-field LET-sparing, wide angles; (e) 2-field LET-sparing, steep angles; and (f) 2-field LET-sparing with feathered distal end. Monte Carlo calculated dose, LET, and RBE-weighted dose distributions were compared. Results Decreased LET values in the brainstem by LET-sparing techniques were accompanied by higher, not statistically significant, median dose: 53.6 Gy(RBE), 53.4 Gy(RBE), and 54.3 Gy(RBE) for techniques (b), (d), and (e) versus 52.1 Gy(RBE) for technique (a). Accounting for variable RBE distributions, the brainstem volume receiving at least 55 Gy(RBE) increased from 72.5% for technique (a) to 80.3% for (b) ( P P P =.03 and .004). Conclusions Extending the proton range beyond the brainstem to reduce LET results in clinically comparable maximum radiobiologic effective dose to this sensitive structure. However this method significantly increasing the brainstem volume receiving RBE-weighted dose higher than 55 Gy(RBE) with possible consequences based on known dose-volume parameters for increased toxicity.
Bridging the gap between sustainable technology adoption and protecting natural resources: Predicting intentions to adopt energy management technologies in California

Abstract To achieve energy savings, emerging energy management technologies and programs require customer adoption. Although a variety of models can be used to explain the adoption of energy management technologies and programs, they overlook the seemingly unconventional element of level of affiliation with nature. In fact, connectedness to nature has been identified as an important driver of many pro-environmental behaviors, but its role in pro-environmental technology adoption is also not well understood. Can affiliation with nature help to bridge the apparent gap—and complex chain of events—between sustainable technology adoption and protecting natural resources? Based on survey data from 856 southern California residents, this study investigated the influence of connectedness to nature and other factors on intentions to adopt five energy management technologies and programs: using three platforms to monitor home energy use (website, mobile phone application, in-home display); signing up for a time-of-use pricing plan; and participating in demand response events. Regression results showed that nature connectedness was the strongest predictor of all outcomes such that higher nature connectedness predicted greater likelihood of technology and program adoption. These findings suggest that connectedness to nature may facilitate “bridging the logic gap” between sustainable innovation adoption and environmental protection.
Portrait of a Research Pioneer: Andrew Van de Ven

Research Summary This article reviews the contributions of Andrew Van de Ven, a pioneer in the study of innovation, entrepreneurship, and corporate venturing. It articulates key themes in and findings from his research as well as the methodological and theoretical advances that he has introduced, shaping the development of the field. Embracing a broad view of entrepreneurship, his research has also fundamentally altered our understanding of the nature and processes of innovation and its implications for organizational learning, new business creation, and improved competitiveness. Van de Ven's fieldwork and engaged scholarship have made his findings powerful, rigorous, and relevant. The article also highlights the implications of Van de Ven's body of work for future research. Managerial Summary Professor Andrew Van de Ven is a true pioneer in the processes involved in the conception, introduction, evaluation, adoption, and institutionalization of innovations in established companies. His seminal work highlights key challenges managers encounter in each of these stages, offering rich insights into the causes and consequences of these issues while suggesting important solutions to them. Van de Ven's work has also advanced novel ways of studying and tracking innovations over time. It has also explored the close link between innovation and corporate venturing activities, which are vital to organizational renewal and growth. Van de Ven's findings about the dynamics of organizational change and learning have altered our notions of organizational evolution and transformation. Copyright © 2016 Strategic Management Society.
Scene geometry from several partly cloudy days

We describe new methods for estimating the geometry of an outdoor scene from either (1) a single calibrated camera or (2) a network of arbitrary, uncalibrated cameras. Our methods do not require camera motion nor overlapping fields of view. We use simple geometric constraints based on appearance changes caused by cloud shadows and combine constraints from multiple days. We describe a linear method for calibrated cameras and a nonlinear method for an uncalibrated imaging system. We define these geometric constraints, describe new algorithms, and demonstrate the features of these algorithms on real and synthetic scenes.
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) that affects multiple organs and the kidneys in particular. aHUS can be sporadic or familial and is most commonly caused by dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway. The initial attack of aHUS can occur at any age, and is associated with a high rate of progression to end stage renal disease. Many aHUS patients relapse in the native or transplanted kidneys, and require close monitoring and long-term management. Availability of anticomplement therapy has revolutionized the management of aHUS, and can change the natural course of aHUS by inducing hematologic remission, improving or stabilizing kidney functions, and preventing graft failure. As a result, it is important to succeed in the challenging task of differentiating aHUS from other TMAs and initiate adequate treatment early during the course of disease. Considering the high cost of currently available anticomplement therapy, it is important also from a financial point of view to accurately diagnose aHUS early during the course of disease and determine the necessary length of therapy. This highlights the need for development of precise complement functional and genetic studies with rapid turnaround time.
Role of CT in the Diagnosis of Nonspecific Abdominal Pain: A Multicenter Analysis

OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to determine whether specific patient and physician factors—known before CT—are associated with a diagnosis of nonspecific abdominal pain (NSAP) after CT in the emergency department (ED). MATERIALS AND METHODS. We analyzed data originally collected in a prospective multicenter study. In the parent study, we identified ED patients referred to CT for evaluation of abdominal pain. We surveyed their physicians before and after CT to identify changes in leading diagnoses, diagnostic confidence, and admission decisions. In the current study, we conducted a multiple regression analysis to identify whether the following were associated with a post-CT diagnosis of NSAP: patient age; patient sex; physicians' years of experience; physicians' pre-CT diagnostic confidence; and physicians' pre-CT admission decision if CT had not been available. We analyzed patients with and those without a pre-CT diagnosis of NSAP separately. For the sensitivity analysis, we excluded patients w...
Beyond Futility: Good Shared End-of-Life Decision-Making Takes Ongoing Discussions, Realistic Goals

Decision-making at the end of life is difficult, and it should be. Rather than face these time consuming and emotionally demanding discussions, doctors too often look to unsuitable conceptual models.
Full-house glomerular deposits: beware the sheep in wolf’s clothing

The 2012 Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics criteria propose the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by biopsy-confirmed lupus nephritis plus circulating antinuclear antibody or anti–double-stranded DNA antibody. Application of this stand-alone renal criterion to a cohort of patients with "full-house" glomerular deposits resulted in mistaken classification of SLE in some cases with antinuclear antibody. More precise biopsy criteria using a constellation of characteristic features are needed to optimize the kidney biopsy standard for lupus nephritis.
Discard intentions are lower for milk presented in containers without date labels

Abstract Eighty-eight regular milk drinkers were presented whole fat pasteurized cow’s milk stored at 4 degrees Celsius in plastic containers for 15, 25, 30 and 40 days after commercial bottling. Subjects opened and smelled individual half-gallon containers presented in two flights of four that were identical except one flight featured a sell-by label with a date set to 18 days post-bottling, while the other flight lacked label dates and related language. 48.9% of respondents indicated they would discard milk featuring a date label if it were in their home refrigerator while 38.1% indicated the same for milk lacking date labels, which equates to a 28% increase in discard intention attributable to the presence of a date label. Among containers with milk 25, 30 and 40 days post bottling, 64.0% of respondents intended to discard milk in containers with date labels while 45.8% intended to discard milk in containers without such labels, which is a 40% increase in discard intentions for milk that is putatively ‘past date’ among commercial bottlers. Multivariate analysis reveals that discard intentions are lower among participants with higher incomes and fewer household members, but revealed no other significant correlations with personal or household characteristics. Given that the date labeling on pasteurized milk is not designed to address safety concerns, and given the high level of consumer milk waste in many developed countries, these results suggest further innovation in milk labeling may support improved sustainability by reducing the discard rate of milk attributable to sell-by date labels.
Comparison of Methylation of the Male- and Female-Derived wx-m9Ds-cy Allele in Endosperm and Sporophyte

Differential cytosine methylation in the gametes and maintenance methylation are proposed to account for the differential functioning of male- and female-derived genes, such as R, in the endosperm. Experiments with the wx-m9Ds-cy transposable element mutant, with which it is possible to quantitate cytosine methylation of a particular PvuII site, provided evidence for this model.
An Update on Orphan Works

Copyright law seeks to find a balance between opposing interests. On the one side are the interests of copyright owners, those who have created works and are seeking both commercial return and creative control over those works. On the other side are the interests of users of copyrighted works, those who seek to use existing works to build and create new works. The Constitution, in permitting Congress to create copyright law, recognized this balance in its pronouncement that the purpose copyright is to “Promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries.” Over the last two centuries Congress has passed a number of copyright statutes to attempt to maintain this balance. The Copyright Act of 1976–with some changes such as the Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA) and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)–is the current law. It replaced the earlier Copyright Act of 1909 as new media technologies and a changing society purported to upset the balance that had existed. But since the 1976 Act went into effect, technology and changes in our more media-driven society have made the copyright balance more difficult to achieve. In many respects, changes such as the CTEA and the DMCA have added to the difficulty. The issue of orphan works is one area where finding a balance within copyright law is proving challenging.
Treatment of cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome with aripiprazole

This report describes a patient who developed agitation, disorientation, visual hallucinations, inappropriate verbal outbursts, and impaired memory following resection of a choroid plexus papilloma. No medical, neurologic, or metabolic disorders unrelated to the surgery were identified. Five weeks following surgery, treatment with aripiprazole, a partial dopamine agonist, was started to address the delirious state. Improvements in agitation, orientation, memory, and executive functions, as well as a decrease in emotional lability, began within twenty-four hours and continued over the remainder of the inpatient hospitalization. Five months after initial resection, aripiprazole was discontinued without worsening of cognitive or emotional functions. Persistent difficulties with working memory, planning, judgment, and visuospatial skills were noted on neuropsychological examination six months following tumor removal. This case illustrated the therapeutic benefit of aripiprazole for treatment of mental status changes associated with resection of a posterior fossa tumor.
SSR heterogenic patterns of parents for marking and predicting heterosis in rice breeding

The most important concerns of hybrid rice breeders are selection of donors to improve parental lines and prediction of hybrid performance. In this study, SSR molecular marker technology and a half-diallel method were used to address these related hybrid production issues. The results show that genetic diversity among the parental lines is certainly related to heterosis. The heterozygosity of each parental pair is significantly associated with the general combining ability, not with the specific combining ability. However, neither genetic diversity nor heterozygosity is a good indicator for predicting heterosis. From these results, it is suggested that donors for improving parents of hybrids be selected from the improved inbred lines by conventional breeding programs. In this investigation, we also discovered that four favorable alleles and six favorable heterogenic patterns on the parental lines significantly contribute to the heterosis of their hybrids in grain yield, whereas six unfavorable alleles and six unfavorable heterogenic patterns significantly reduce heterosis. These noticeable findings could be, in practice, useful for hybrid rice breeding programs with SSR marker-assisted selection. It is suggested that the optimal combinations with the superior grain yield could be bred out by assembling those favorable alleles into their parental lines and by removing the unfavorable alleles from the parental lines. This study also indicates that there is still a great heterosis potential to be exploited in indica/indica hybrids by the same strategy. In indica/japonica hybrid breeding programs, it may also be important to remove unfavorable alleles rather than broaden genetic diversity or heterozygosity of the parents.
THE MEASUREMENT OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCT SIZE BY CT

Over the past 15 years clinicians have been challenged by the idea that patients with acute myocardial infarction could have myocardium saved if treatment was initiated soon enough.(1) This concept that myocardium destined to become necrotic could be salvaged is still controversial.(2) Many reports have suggested a variety of medications to reduce myocardial oxygen consumption or increase coronary perfusion at the borders of the evolving infarction.(3–6) More recently, the rediscovery that myocardial infarction is often precipitated by an acute thrombosis of a coronary artery has stimulated the use of thrombolytic agents to dissolve the thrombus and reestablish perfusion in the occluded vessel.(7) However, in spite of more than a decade of investigations evaluating the effects of these many therapies, there is still significant controversy about the effectiveness of any of these agents.(8) A major reason for the continuing confusion is the lack of a satisfactory method for accurately measuring the amount of infarcted myocardium and judging the quantity of jeopardized myocardium that is potentially salvageable. In a recent review of infarct limiting therapy, Mueller and Braunwald state “the assessment of the efficacy of therapeutic intervention has been greatly hampered by the absence of a direct method of determining infarct size in patients with nonfatal myocardial infarction. In addition to identifying salvage of myocardium, it is helpful not only to measure but also to predict how large the infarction would have been had the intervention not been applied. Such predictions are difficult, if not impossible, in the clinical situation at the present time.”(9)
The Effects of Basal Melting on the Present Flow of the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica

We use a hybrid finite-element/finite-difference model of ice-shelf flow and heat transfer to investigate the effects of basal melting on the present observed flow of the Ross Ice Shelf, Two hypothetical basal melting scenarios are compared: (i) zero melting everywhere and (ii) melting sufficient to balance any large-scale patterns of ice-shelf thickening that would otherwise occur. As a result of the temperature-dependent flow law (which we idealize as having a constant activation energy of 120 kJ mol−1, a scaling coefficient of 1.3 N m−2 s1/3, and an exponent of 3), simulated ice-shelf velocities for the second scenario are reduced by up to 20% below those of the first. Our results support the hypothesis that melting patterns presently maintain ice thickness in steady state and conform to patterns of oceanic circulation presently thought to ventilate the sub-ice cavity. Differences between the simulated and observed velocities are too large in the extreme south-eastern quarter of the ice shelf to permit verification of either basal melting scenario. These differences highlight the need to improve model boundary conditions at points where ice streams feed the ice shelf and where the ice shelf meets stagnant grounded ice.
Genome divergence and increased virulence of outbreak associated Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Heidelberg

Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg is primarily a poultry adapted serotype of Salmonella that can also colonize other hosts and cause human disease. In this study, we compared the genomes of outbreak associated non-outbreak causing Salmonella ser. Heidelberg strains from diverse hosts and geographical regions. Human outbreak associated strains in this study were from a 2015 multistate outbreak of Salmonella ser. Heidelberg involving 15 states in the United States which originated from bull calves. Our clinicopathologic examination revealed that cases involving Salmonella ser. Heidelberg strains were predominantly young, less than weeks-old, dairy calves. Pre-existing or concurrent disease was found in the majority of the calves. Detection of Salmonella ser. Heidelberg correlated with markedly increased death losses clinically comparable to those seen in herds infected with S. Dublin, a known serious pathogen of cattle. Whole genome based single nucleotide polymorphism based analysis revealed that these calf isolates formed a distinct cluster along with outbreak associated human isolates. The defining feature of the outbreak associated strains, when compared to older isolates of S. Heidelberg, is that all isolates in this cluster contained Saf fimbrial genes which are generally absent in S. Heidelberg. The acquisition of several single nucleotide polymorphisms and the gain of Saf fimbrial genes may have contributed to the increased disease severity of these Salmonella ser. Heidelberg strains.
Mutation of Mediator subunit CDK8 counteracts the stunted growth and salicylic acid hyperaccumulation phenotypes of an Arabidopsis MED5 mutant

The Mediator complex functions as a hub for transcriptional regulation. MED5, an Arabidopsis Mediator tail subunit, is required for maintaining phenylpropanoid homeostasis. A semidominant mutation (ref4-3) that causes a single amino acid substitution in MED5b functions as a strong suppressor of the pathway, leading to decreased soluble phenylpropanoid accumulation, reduced lignin content and dwarfism. By contrast, loss of MED5 results in increased concentrations of phenylpropanoids. We used a reverse genetic approach to identify suppressors of ref4-3 and found that ref4-3 requires CDK8, a kinase module subunit of Mediator, to repress plant growth. The genetic interaction between MED5 and CDK8 was further characterized using mRNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and metabolite analysis. Growth inhibition and suppression of phenylpropanoid metabolism can be genetically separated in ref4-3 by elimination of CDK8 kinase activity; however, the stunted growth of ref4-3 is not dependent on the phosphorylation event introduced by the G383S mutation. In addition, rather than perturbation of lignin biosynthesis, misregulation of DJC66, a gene encoding a DNAJ protein, is involved in the dwarfism of the med5 mutants. Together, our study reveals genetic interactions between Mediator tail and kinase module subunits and enhances our understanding of dwarfing in phenylpropanoid pathway mutants.
Right Atrial Inversion Mimicking Right Atrial Mass in the Setting of Cardiac Tamponade

A 44-year-old woman was transferred to the authors' institution in cardiogenic shock secondary to a presumed viral myocarditis and subsequently was placed on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a large right atrial mass of unknown etiology and moderate pericardial effusion. The patient was taken to the operating room for surgical removal of the right atrial mass. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated cardiac tamponade with complete invagination of the right atrium. Surgical evacuation of the pericardial effusion reverted the right atrium, with no further evidence of the right atrial mass, and no mass was discovered after right atriotomy, indicating that the right atrial "mass" was likely the result of complete inversion of the right atrium in the setting of cardiac tamponade.
Abstract 255: Patterns of Addiction Treatment for Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery for Infective Endocarditis Associated with Intravenous Drug Use

Introduction: Over the last decade, the U.S. has seen an increase in the number of infective endocarditis (IE) cases requiring surgical intervention. Infective endocarditis is often caused by intra...
Decay of highly correlated spin states in a dipolar-coupled solid: NMR study of CaF2

We have measured the decay of NMR multiple quantum coherence intensities both under the internal dipolar Hamiltonian as well as when this interaction is effectively averaged to zero, in the cubic calcium fluoride $(\mathrm{Ca}{\mathrm{F}}_{2})$ spin system and the pseudo-one-dimensional system of fluoroapatite. In calcium fluoride the decay rates depend both on the number of correlated spins in the cluster, as well as on the coherence number. For smaller clusters, the decays depend strongly on coherence number, but this dependence weakens as the size of the cluster increases. The same scaling was observed when the coherence distribution was measured in both the usual Zeeman or $z$ basis and the $x$ basis. The coherence decay in the one-dimensional fluoroapatite system did not change significantly as a function of the multiple quantum growth time, in contrast to the calcium fluoride case. While the growth of coherence orders is severely restricted in this case, the number of correlated spins should continue to grow, albeit more slowly. All coherence intensities were observed to decay as Gaussian functions in time. In all cases the standard deviation of the observed decay appeared to scale linearly with coherence number.
Defect-free plastic deformation through dimensionality reduction and self-annihilation of topological defects in crystalline solids

This work investigates two characteristic phenomena associated with crystalline defects, dimensionality reduction and self-organization, during a structural phase transition. The authors find that the combination of those two phenomena lead to a unique defect-free deformation mechanism in Ni-Ti alloys, which originates from the coupling of different types of broken symmetries.
Voters & Voting in Context: Multiple Contexts & the Heterogeneous German Electorate: edited by Harald Schoen, Sigrid Roßteutscher, Rüdiger Schmitt-Beck, Bernhard Weßels, and Christof Wolf, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017, xvi + 297 pp., $88.00/£65.00 (cloth)

This edited volume, Voters & Voting in Context, is a comprehensive study of voter behavior that concentrates on surveys and other data linked to the 2009 and 2013 German general elections. The indi...
Correlation of fiber pull-out strength and interfacial vibration damping techniques by micromechanical analysis

Adhesion between fiber and matrix in fiber-reinforced polymer composites plays an important role both in controlling mechanical properties and in the overall performance of composites. This suggests that analytical and experimental methods to characterize the interface can be used to predict the mechanical performance of the material. To this end, vibration damping techniques have been used as a non-destructive method to evaluate interfacial effects on composites. According to the theory of energy dissipation, the quality of the interfacial adhesion can be evaluated upon separating the predicted internal energy dissipation associated with perfect adhesion from the measured internal energy dissipation of a composite system; this enables the quantification of interfacial adhesion. A micromechanics-based model for evaluating the adhesion between fiber and matrix from the damping characteristic of a cantilever beam was developed that shows an inverse relationship between the damping contributed by the interface and its adhesion strength. A simple optical system was used to measure the damping factor of unidirectional fiber-reinforced-polymer composites. Cantilever beam specimens containing either a single glass fiber or three types of single metallic wires embedded in an epoxy resin matrix were tested. A correlation was found between the measured interfacial adhesion strength directly from microbond pull-out tests and the micromechanics-based calculations from vibration damping experiments.
Cebranopadol reduces cocaine self-administration in male rats: Dose, treatment and safety consideration

Abstract As a novel first-in-class potent analgesic acting as an agonist of multiple opioid receptors, cebranopadol showed high efficacy and good tolerability in a broad range of preclinical models and clinical trials related to pain. In the present study, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cebranopadol as a potential treatment of cocaine dependence, we tested the effects of cebranopadol with single and repeated doses (25, 50, 75, or 100 μg/kg, oral gavage) using rat models of cocaine fixed-ratio (FR) self-administration (SA), cocaine progressive-ratio (PR) SA, and sucrose pellet SA. In single-dosing treatment paradigm, cebranopadol significantly and dose-dependently reduced cocaine SA under FR and PR schedules and suppressed food intake under FR schedule without causing apparent side effects. In repeated-dosing treatment scheme, i.e. daily administration of 25, 50, 75, or 100 μg/kg cebranopadol for a week, the similar reduction in cocaine intake was detected, while non-negligible complications/side effects were observed at repeated high doses (75 and 100 μg/kg). The observed side effects were similar to the common toxic signs elicited by heroin at high doses, although cebranopadol did not fully substitute heroin's discriminative stimulant effects in our drug discriminative tests. These results demonstrated that the most appropriate oral dose of cebranopadol to balance the efficacy and safety is 50 μg/kg. Collectively, although cebranopadol may serve as a new treatment for cocaine dependence, more consideration, cautiousness, and a clear optimal dose window to dissociate its therapeutic effects from opioid side effects/complications in male and female subjects will be necessary to increase its practical clinical utility.
Pharmacologic treatment of orthostatic hypotension

Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a disabling disorder caused by impairment of the normal autonomic compensatory mechanisms that maintain upright blood pressure. Nonpharmacologic treatment is always the first step in the management of this condition, but a considerable number of patients will require pharmacologic therapies. Denervation hypersensitivity and impairment of baroreflex buffering makes these patients sensitive to small doses of pressor agents. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology can help in selecting between treatment options. In general, patients with low "sympathetic reserve", i.e., those with peripheral noradrenergic degeneration (pure autonomic failure, Parkinson's disease) and low plasma norepinephrine, tend to respond better to "norepinephrine replacers" (midodrine and droxidopa). On the other hand, patients with relatively preserved "sympathetic reserve", i.e., those with impaired central autonomic pathways but spared peripheral noradrenergic fibers (multiple system atrophy) and normal or slightly reduced plasma norepinephrine, tend to respond better to "norepinephrine enhancers" (pyridostigmine, atomoxetine, and yohimbine). There is, however, a spectrum of responses within these extremes, and treatment should be individualized. Other nonspecific treatments include fludrocortisone and octreotide. The presence of associated clinical conditions, such as supine hypertension, heart failure, postprandial hypotension, PD, MSA, and diabetes need to be considered in the pharmacologic management of these patients.
Dynamically Computing Adversarial Perturbations for Recurrent Neural Networks.

Convolutional and recurrent neural networks have been widely employed to achieve state-of-the-art performance on classification tasks. However, it has also been noted that these networks can be manipulated adversarially with relative ease, by carefully crafted additive perturbations to the input. Though several experimentally established prior works exist on crafting and defending against attacks, it is also desirable to have theoretical guarantees on the existence of adversarial examples and robustness margins of the network to such examples. We provide both in this paper. We focus specifically on recurrent architectures and draw inspiration from dynamical systems theory to naturally cast this as a control problem, allowing us to dynamically compute adversarial perturbations at each timestep of the input sequence, thus resembling a feedback controller. Illustrative examples are provided to supplement the theoretical discussions.