cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimizing the LULESH stencil code using concurrent collections

Writing scientific applications for modern multicore machines is a challenging task. There are a myriad of hardware solutions available for many different target applications, each having their own advantages and trade-offs. An attractive approach is Concurrent Collections (CnC), which provides a programming model that separates the concerns of the application expert from the performance expert. CnC uses a data and control flow model paired with philosophies from previous data-flow programming models and tuple-space influences. By following the CnC programming paradigm, the runtime will seamlessly exploit available parallelism regardless of the platform; however, there are limitations to its effectiveness depending on the algorithm. In this paper, we explore ways to optimize the performance of the proxy application, Livermore Unstructured Lagrange Explicit Shock Hydrodynamics (LULESH), written using Concurrent Collections. The LULESH algorithm is expressed as a minimally-constrained set of partially-ordered operations with explicit dependencies. However, performance is plagued by scheduling overhead and synchronization costs caused by the fine granularity of computation steps. In LULESH and similar stencil-codes, we show that an algorithmic CnC program can be tuned by coalescing CnC elements through step fusion and tiling to become a well-tuned and scalable application running on multi-core systems. With these optimizations, we achieve up to 38x speedup over the original implementation with good scalability for up to 48 processor machines.
Burner Rig Thermal Fatigue Failure of SiC Continuous Fiber/Si3N4 Ceramic Composites

The burner rig thermal fatigue properties of SiC continuous fiber/Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} ceramic composites were examined under impinged jet fuel flame, a constant applied tensile stress and thermal cycling in the temperature range 500--1,350 C. The SCS-9 SiC fiber/Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} composites failed within the flame impinged zone, whereas the SCS-6 fiber/Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} composites failed outside the flame impinged zone due to the high thermal stresses resulting from high-temperature gradients. Analytical transmission electron microscopy was sued to investigate the microstructure and chemistry of the fiber, matrix and fiber/matrix interface in the failed SCS-9 SiC fiber/Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} composites. The partial degradation of columnar structure of the fiber was interpreted as the dominant mechanism of burner rig thermal fatigue failure of SCS-9 SiC fiber/Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} composites.
VIABILITIES OF AMYLASE GENOTYPES IN DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA ON STARCH AND MALTOSE FOOD.

In order to study the relationship between selection on an enzyme and the environment, viability was measured for genotypes at the α-amylase (Amy) locus of D. pseudoobscura on food containing either starch as the primary source of carbohydrates or, as a control, maltose, the breakdown product of starch by amylase. These conditions were chosen to reveal possible differences among these genotypes in their abilities to survive on starch food. Counted numbers of larvae were cultured on food with low or high levels of starch, or with maltose, at both 20°C and 25°C. Only under the most stressful environmental conditions, on food with a low starch concentration at 25°C, did the genotypes differ significantly in viability. Four population cages maintained on food with either maltose or starch as carbohydrate sources were set up to assay differences in overall fitness among the Amy genotypes. No selective differences were observed over 10 generations, and we infer that components of fitness other than viability also differed little among the Amy genotypes on the two types of food. Thus our efforts to manipulate the environmental levels of starch, the substrate of amylase, led to measurable selective differences only under very stressful conditions.
Interface Design Optimization as a Multi-Armed Bandit Problem

"Multi-armed bandits" offer a new paradigm for the AI-assisted design of user interfaces. To help designers understand the potential, we present the results of two experimental comparisons between bandit algorithms and random assignment. Our studies are intended to show designers how bandits algorithms are able to rapidly explore an experimental design space and automatically select the optimal design configuration. Our present focus is on the optimization of a game design space. The results of our experiments show that bandits can make data-driven design more efficient and accessible to interface designers, but that human participation is essential to ensure that AI systems optimize for the right metric. Based on our results, we introduce several design lessons that help keep human design judgment in the loop. We also consider the future of human-technology teamwork in AI-assisted design and scientific inquiry. Finally, as bandits deploy fewer low-performing conditions than typical experiments, we discuss ethical implications for bandits in large-scale experiments in education.
Congruent transcriptional controls and heterology of base sequences in coliphages λ and ∅80

Abstract The reciprocal DNA-DNA and mRNA-DNA homologies were determined for two lambdoid phages, λ and ∅80, and for the hybrid λ-∅80 phages. There are no base sequence homologies between λ and ∅80 on the right arms and about a 20% homology on the left arms of the genomes, as determined by a technique based on buoyant density measurements on heteroduplex DNA molecules. The reciprocal mRNA-DNA homologies are observed only for the late mRNA's synthesized on the r strand of the left arm and amount to 5–11%. Even with such a low degree of base sequence homology, the timing, control, orientation, and regions of transcription are practically identical for both phages, when one allows for the lower rate of ∅80 development. In ∅80, as in λ (see Szybalski, 1969 ), transcription is restricted to the inner right quarter of strand l and to the c 80 I -proximal segment of the outer right quarter of the r strand (Fig. 1), during the early period of phage development. At later times, the terminal portion of the right arm and the whole left arm are transcribed from the r strand at a progressively increasing rate, whereas the transcription rate for the l strand does not change greatly. One may conclude that the observed congruency of transcriptional patterns need not be correlated with the gross base-sequence homologies. The contributions of the ∅80 and λ genomes in the hybrid phages were mapped (Fig. 1). The λi 80 hybrid appears to contain the left arm and the central b2 region of λ and the right arm of ∅80. The ∅80 i λ hybrid is composed mainly of ∅80 DNA, with only the central part of the right arm, containing the cluster of early genes, belonging to the λ genome.
AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL INVESTIGATION OF THE FIBRIN CLOT UTILIZING FERRITIN-LABELLED ANTI-HUMAN FIBRINOGEN ANTIBODY.

A study of fibrin ultrastrtucture utilizing ferritin-conjugated antihuman fibrinogen antibody is reported. The structure of fibrin strands in thin section, and the periodic banding of the fibrin by ferritin conjugated antibody permits conclusions regarding the structural formation of the clot. The observations are in accord with the model of fibrin strand formation suggested by Hall and Slayter. Further areas of investigation utilizing this technic are suggested.
Appendix: Extending the Upset Child Example

An anonymous reviewer of this book accurately suspected that more was involved with the topological decision issues introduced in Section 2.1.3. To indicate other concepts (with the same assumptions), in this appendix I outline key ideas that Jason Kronewetter and I developed for [24]. As one must expect, this discussion emphasizes the connecting themes of the book – the structure of the domain and the dimensionality curse. In introducing alternative ways to think about group decisions on domains with holes, I hope to interest others in exploring these new, fairly simple non topological arguments. My comments start, as in Section 2.1.3, with choice problems on a circle. The motivating story was to select a beach location on an island: However, applications arise in any number of disciplines. After all, a point on a circle defines a direction, so this discussion applies to any topic where a selected direction is based on information from two or more other directions. Consider this illustration: A current psychology project with Louis Narens involves a colored disk placed in the center of a surrounding colored background. It is well known that the perceived color of the disk in this “center-surround” framework depends on the colors of the disk and the surrounding background.
Amplify-and-Forward Relay Networks With Variable-Length Limited Feedback

We study the channel quantization problem for amplify-and-forward (AF) relay networks and our target is to design a quantizer to minimize the outage probability. It is priorly known that any fixed-length quantizer with a finite-cardinality codebook cannot attain the same minimum outage probability as the case where all nodes in the AF relay networks have access to perfect channel state information (CSI). We propose variable-length quantizers with random infinite-cardinality codebooks for the sum and individual power constraints. We provide theoretical proofs and numerical simulations to validate that the proposed quantizers can achieve the full-CSI outage probabilities with finite average feedback rates.
Cross-Train Your New Hire With a Plan and Schedule

Texas A&M University (TAMU) Libraries is the first library in the nation to offer free local document delivery and interlibrary loan services to its entire campus of customers, including undergradu...
Are suicide note writers representative of all suicides? Analysis of the National Violent Death Reporting System

While suicide notes can offer insights into the causes of suicide and clues for prevention, there is disagreement regarding the degree to which note leavers are representative of the general population of suicides. Previous relevant research on the United States is marked by a series of limitations: small local samples, an over focus on demographic constructs, and lack of multivariable analysis. This study uses a large national sample, a wide range of predictor variables, and multivariable statistical techniques to estimate more reliable similarities and differences between note leavers and other suicides. All data are taken from the National Violent Death Reporting System, which covers 17 states. A total of 9,048 note writers were compared to 21,522 other suicides in terms of 39 variables. In both bivariable (32/39 variables) and multivariable analyses (30/39 variables), note leavers differed from other suicides in most demographic variables, stressful life events, psychiatric issues, and methods of suicide. The national evidence suggests that caution be exercised in generalizing patterns found among writers of suicide notes to suicides in general. This is the first analysis of suicide notes using US data on the issue.
Plasmonic extinction in gold nanoparticle-polymer films as film thickness and nanoparticle separation decrease below resonant wavelength

Plasmonic nanoparticles embedded in polymer films enhance optoelectronic properties of photovoltaics, sensors, and interconnects. This work examined optical extinction of polymer films containing randomly dispersed gold nanoparticles (AuNP) with negligible Rayleigh scattering cross-sections at particle separations and film thicknesses less than (sub-) to greater than (super-) the localized surface plasmon resonant (LSPR) wavelength, λ LSPR . Optical extinction followed opposite trends in sub- and superwavelength films on a per nanoparticle basis. In ∼ 70 - nm -thick polyvinylpyrrolidone films containing 16 nm AuNP, measured resonant extinction per particle decreased as particle separation decreased from ∼ 130 to 76 nm, consistent with trends from Maxwell Garnett effective medium theory and coupled dipole approximation. In ∼ 1 - mm -thick polydimethylsiloxane films containing 16-nm AuNP, resonant extinction per particle plateaued at particle separations ≥ λ LSPR , then increased as particle separation radius decreased from ∼ 514 to 408 nm. Contributions from isolated particles, interparticle interactions and heterogeneities in sub- and super- λ LSPR films containing AuNP at sub- λ LSPR separations were examined. Characterizing optoplasmonics of thin polymer films embedded with plasmonic NP supports rational development of optoelectronic, biomedical, and catalytic activity using these nanocomposites.
Playing Goffman's Information Game: A Classroom Activity Involving Student Interactions.

Goffman’s dramaturgical approach is frequently used to introduce undergraduate students to the sociological understanding of human interaction. While a number of scholars have designed engaging stu...
Signal processing techniques for the U.S. Army Research Laboratory stepped frequency ultra-wideband radar

The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) recently designed and tested a new prototype radar, the Spectrally Agile Frequency-Incrementing Reconfigurable (SAFIRE) radar system, based on a stepped-frequency architecture to address issues associated with our previous impulse-based radars. This is a low-frequency ultra-wideband (UWB) radar with frequencies spanning from 300 to 2000 MHz. Mounted on a vehicle, the radar can be configured in either sidelooking or forward-looking synthetic aperture radar (SAR) mode. We recently conducted our first experiment at Yuma Proving Grounds (YPG). This paper summarizes the radar configurations, parameters, and SAR geometry. The radar data and other noise sources, to include the self-interference signals and radio-frequency interference (RFI) noise sources, are presented and characterized in both the raw (pre-focus) and SAR imagery domains. This paper also describes our signal processing techniques for extracting noise from radar data, as well as the SAR imaging algorithms for forming SAR imagery in both forward- and side-looking modes. Finally, this paper demonstrates our spectral recovery technique and results for a radar operating in a spectrally restricted environment.
Integrative Oncology and Ethics

Abstract Discussing with patients the use of complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine (CAIM) therapies can be a daunting task, especially for physicians with limited knowledge about the field. This chapter will examine some of the ethical issues commonly confronted by oncology health care professionals in regard to CAIM and suggest methods to address them. We will begin with an introduction to terms and concepts, a brief description of the evolution of complementary and integrative medicine, and a short discussion of the types of therapies. We hope to assist members of the interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary health care team better understand and responsibly and respectfully address the CAIM needs of his or her patient within the boundaries of proven science with the information provided in this chapter.
Using Geospatial Analysis and Emergency Claims Data to Improve Minority Health Surveillance

Traditional methods of health surveillance often under-represent racial and ethnic minorities. Our objective was to use geospatial analysis and emergency claims data to estimate local chronic disease prevalence separately for specific racial and ethnic groups. We also performed a regression analysis to identify associations between median household income and local disease prevalence among Black, Hispanic, Asian, and White adults in New York City. The study population included individuals who visited an emergency department at least once from 2009 to 2013. Our main outcomes were geospatial estimates of diabetes, hypertension, and asthma prevalence by Census tract as stratified by race and ethnicity. Using emergency claims data, we identified 4.9 million unique New York City adults with 28.5% of identifying as Black, 25.2% Hispanic, and 6.1% Asian. Age-adjusted disease prevalence was highest among Black and Hispanic adults for diabetes (13.4 and 13.1%), hypertension (28.7 and 24.1%), and asthma (9.9 and 10.1%). Correlation between disease prevalence maps demonstrated moderate overlap between Black and Hispanic adults for diabetes (0.49), hypertension (0.57), and asthma (0.58). In our regression analysis, we found that the association between low income and high disease prevalence was strongest for Hispanic adults, whereas increases in income had more modest reductions in disease prevalence for Black adults, especially for diabetes. Our geographically detailed maps of disease prevalence generate actionable evidence that can help direct health interventions to those communities with the highest health disparities. Using these novel geographic approaches, we reveal the underlying epidemiology of chronic disease for a racially and culturally diverse population.
How Do You Effectively Teach Empathy to Students

This chapter explores a multidisciplinary approach to teaching empathy in undergraduate and graduate universities. Specific recommended best practices are provided for using postmodernist methods of active teaching and learning on empathy.
Commentary on "Modeling temperature manipulation in a circular model of birdsong production"

A Commentary on the paper by G. C. Dima et al. [Pap. Phys. 10, 100002 (2018)]. Received: 8 January 2018, Accepted: 11 January 2018; Edited by: A. Marti; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.100003 Cite as: Y S Zhang, Papers in Physics 10, 100003 (2018) This paper, by Y S Zhang , is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 .
Using beta coefficients to impute missing correlations in meta-analysis research: Reasons for caution.

Meta-analysis has become a well-accepted method for synthesizing empirical research about a given phenomenon. Many meta-analyses focus on synthesizing correlations across primary studies, but some primary studies do not report correlations. Peterson and Brown (2005) suggested that researchers could use standardized regression weights (i.e., beta coefficients) to impute missing correlations. Indeed, their beta estimation procedures (BEPs) have been used in meta-analyses in a wide variety of fields. In this study, the authors evaluated the accuracy of BEPs in meta-analysis. We first examined how use of BEPs might affect results from a published meta-analysis. We then developed a series of Monte Carlo simulations that systematically compared the use of existing correlations (that were not missing) to data sets that incorporated BEPs (that impute missing correlations from corresponding beta coefficients). These simulations estimated ρ (mean population correlation) and SDρ (true standard deviation) across a variety of meta-analytic conditions. Results from both the existing meta-analysis and the Monte Carlo simulations revealed that BEPs were associated with potentially large biases when estimating ρ and even larger biases when estimating SDρ. Using only existing correlations often substantially outperformed use of BEPs and virtually never performed worse than BEPs. Overall, the authors urge a return to the standard practice of using only existing correlations in meta-analysis. (PsycINFO Database Record
Affective Psychoses in Mental Retardates

The coexistence of manic-depressive illness and mental retardation lends itself to the study of the interaction of cognitive maturation and psychosis. Furthermore, adults with bipolar illness who are biologically mature but functioning intellectually at a much younger age-equivalent present a difficult differential diagnostic challenge, because the expression of the affective psychosis is considerably modified by the low intellectual level.
Summary by Professor Chikashi Moriguchi of Session 2: “Harmonizing Global Regionalism”

The discussion was led by Professor Peter Drysdale, who presented a substantial review of the background to the session, i.e., the role of growing Pacific economic development in the face of rising economic regionalism in the European Community and North America (possibly including Mexico). An abridged version of his commentary is included below.
Are Spatial Variables Important? The Case of Markets for Multiple Drugs in British Bengal

Results from the preliminary analysis of a dataset consisting of population-level statistics for opium and three forms of marijuana for districts in the province of Bengal in British India for the period 1908–1928 are presented. The findings shed light on the importance of geographic phenomena for the economic analysis of drug consumption, and on the economic characteristics of opium and marijuana consumption. Exploratory spatial data analyses reveal spatial clustering for a number of variables that are important for understanding drug consumption. In addition, there is evidence of substitutability between marijuana and opium, and within the three different forms of marijuana. Finally, the consumption of all four products is responsive to changes in their prices.
Overview of Radioactive and Mixed Waste Cleanup Technologies

In the final chapter, a broad range of technologies are presented. The United States Department of Energy (USDOE) has maintained an aggressive technology development program focusing on the remediation and disposal of mixed radioactive and hazardous waste.
From Girlhood to Adulthood: Colombian Adolescence in María, llena eres de gracia and La sirga

This chapter analyses the representation of girlhood in Maria, llena eres de gracia/Maria, Full of Grace (dir. Joshua Marston 2004) and La sirga/The Towrope (dir. William Vega 2012). Despite different aesthetic choices, these films focus on two Colombian underprivileged female adolescents who face the challenge of coming of age in a country with noticeable class differences and instability as a result of a prolonged civil war. Using Anita Harris’ postfeminist framework, I posit that these girls try to leave behind childhoods marked by destitution and a lack of emotional support, moving away from traditional gender roles. The films present female adolescents’ agency, highlighting pliability, strength, and the ability to improvise as necessary traits to lead productive adult lives in Colombia.
A strong convergence theorem for solving the split feasibility and fixed point problems in Banach spaces

In this paper, we introduce a new parallel iterative method for finding a common solution of the multiple-set split feasibility and fixed point problems concerning left Bregman strongly nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces.
Patient-reported outcomes use during orthopaedic surgery clinic visits improves the patient experience.

OBJECTIVES The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is growing in popularity as healthcare shifts towards a value-based system. However, it remains unclear if PROMIS use improves the patient experience. The aim of the present study was to determine if PROMIS use as part of routine orthopaedic clinical care is associated with improved patient experience, as measured by the Clinician and Group Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CGCAHPS) survey. METHODS All patient visits to an orthopaedic surgery clinic at a single academic medical centre between February 2015 and September 2016 were reviewed. Accounting for known patient factors that have an impact on clinic visit satisfaction, CGCAHPS scores were compared between patients who had PROMIS used as part of their routine care and those who had not had PROMIS used as part of their routine care. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS A total of 8,607 patient visits fitted our inclusion criteria. Of these, surgeons elected not to use PROMIS in 8,422 patient encounters, leaving 185 patient visits in which PROMIS was actively used. When PROMIS was used, patients were significantly more likely to feel that the provider had spent enough time with them, to recommend this provider office to another patient and to rate the provider significantly higher on a scale from 0 to 10. Although not significant, a trend was found between use of PROMIS and whether a patient felt that a provider explained health information in way that the patient understood. CONCLUSIONS PROMIS use in an orthopaedic clinic visit can have a positive impact on the patient experience, which is currently part of a number of alternative payment models.
Integrating in situ TEM experiments and atomistic simulations for defect mechanics

Abstract With recent advances in computational modeling and in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technologies, there have been increased efforts to apply these approaches to understand defect-based mechanisms dictating deformation mechanics. In situ TEM experiments and atomistic simulations each have their own unique limitations, including observable length and time scales and accessibility of information, motivating approaches that combine the two approaches. In this paper, we review recent studies that combine atomistic simulations and in situ TEM experiments to understand defect mechanisms associated with deformation of metals and alloys. In addition, we discuss ongoing developments in characterization and simulation capabilities that are expected to significantly advance the field of defect mechanics and allow greater integration between atomistic simulations and in situ TEM experiments.
The effect of cancer treatment summaries on patient-centered communication and quality of care for cancer survivors: A pooled cross-sectional HINTS analysis.

Abstract Objective Provision of cancer treatment summaries to patients is recommended to improve patient-centered communication (PCC). The objective of this study is to assess relationships between cancer treatment summary receipt, PCC, and quality of care (QOC). Methods Linear and logistic regression of cross-sectional data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) was conducted using data from years 2012, 2014, and 2017. The independent variable was receipt of treatment summary; the dependent variables were overall PCC score, six domains of PCC, and QOC. Results In the pooled sample, 36.9% of patients with cancer treatment history reported receiving a treatment summary. There was a significant positive association between overall PCC score and treatment summary receipt, and higher odds of high scores for the PCC domains “responding to emotions” and “managing uncertainty.” We did not observe significant associations between treatment summary receipt and other PCC domains or QOC. Conclusion Providing patients cancer treatment summaries may improve PCC, but fewer than half of patients reported receiving one of these summaries. Practice Implications Providing cancer treatment summaries is important, however, providing them without engaging in additional communication may be insufficient to improve all patient-centered care domains or quality of care.
A Case of Auto-brewery Syndrome Treated with Micafungin.

Auto-brewery syndrome is caused by alcohol brewing inside the human body; it is a rare clinical condition where the patient becomes inebriated without exogenous alcohol use. Yeast is responsible, and treatment requires an appropriate antifungal agent. If undiagnosed, the patient's life becomes a misery. We present a case of a 45-year-old male who suffered from this condition for over three years with two arrests for driving under the influence prior to being diagnosed. The patient stated that he felt the episodes were related to his meal intakes; therefore, he would skip most meals of the day. The patient visited several centers where he was told there was not much they could offer him and he was left without a diagnosis. A carbohydrate challenge test in a monitored setting showed elevated blood alcohol levels. He was treated with antifungals and a low carbohydrate diet which resulted in the resolution of his symptoms. Hence the importance of awareness among physicians is necessary along with a high index of suspicion.
Conversion Total Hip Arthroplasty

Unfortunately upward of one third of older patients who sustain an acetabular fracture will develop posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Conversion hip replacement requires specialized skills and equipment to deal with the scarring, bony deformities, and implants present from the initial fracture management.
Anti-Money Laundering Laws

Money laundering consists of masking the source of criminally derived proceeds so that the proceeds appear legitimate, or masquerading the source of monies used to promote illegal conduct. Money laundering generally involves three steps: placing illicit proceeds into the financial system; layering, or the separation of the criminal proceeds from their origin; and integration, or the use of apparently legitimate transactions to disguise the illicit proceeds. US regulators (i.e., FinCEN) in coordination with several international organizations are tracking the influx of all illegal activities.
Circulating immune cell populations and cytokines in patients with metastatic variant histology renal cell carcinoma (vRCC) treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (AB): Dynamic changes on therapy and association with outcomes from a phase II trial.

740Background: Metastatic vRCC are aggressive tumors with poor prognosis. Our phase 2 trial of AB in vRCC showed a response rate of 33%. We investigated on-therapy changes in circulating immune cel...
Lipid Organization in Mixed Lipid Membranes Driven by Intrinsic Curvature Difference.

Abstract Laurdan fluorescence, novel spectral fitting, and dynamic light scattering were combined to determine lateral lipid organization in mixed lipid membranes of the oxidized lipid, 1-palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PGPC), and each of the three bilayer lipids, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC). Second harmonic spectra were computed to determine the number of elementary emissions present. All mixtures indicated two emissions. Accordingly, spectra were fit to two log-normal distributions. Changes with PGPC mole fraction, XPGPC, of the area of the shorter wavelength line and of dynamic light scattering-derived aggregate sizes show that: DPPC and PGPC form component-separated mixed vesicles for XPGPC ≤ 0.2 and coexisting vesicles and micelles for XPGPC > 0.2 in gel and liquid-ordered phases and for all XPGPC in the liquid-disordered phase; POPC and PGPC form randomly mixed vesicles for XPGPC ≤ 0.2 and component-separated mixed vesicles for XPGPC > 0.2. DOPC and PGPC separate into vesicles and micelles. Component segregation is due to unstable inhomogeneous membrane curvature stemming from lipid-specific intrinsic curvature differences between mixing molecules. PGPC is inverse cone-shaped because its truncated tail with a terminal polar group points into the interface. It is similar to and mixes with POPC, also an inverse cone because of mobility of its unsaturated tail. PGPC is least similar to DOPC because mobilities of both unsaturated tails confer a cone shape to DOPC, and PGPC separates form DOPC. DPPC and PGPC do not mix in the liquid-disordered phase because mobility of both tails in this phase renders DPPC a cone. DPPC is a cylinder in the gel phase and of moderate similarity to PGPC and mixes moderately with PGPC.
Mapping Urban Tree Species by Integrating Multi-seasonal High Resolution Pléiades Satellite Imagery with Airborne LiDAR Data

Abstract Mapping individual tree species is critical to understand the ecosystem services value of the urban forest and improve management. The main aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of integrating multi-seasonal high resolution Pleiades satellite images with airborne LiDAR data for improving urban tree species mapping in the City of Tampa, FL, USA. In this study, we evaluated and compared the abilities of multi-seasonal individual and combined Pleiades satellite images with airborne LiDAR data for classifying seven urban tree species to understand effects of season and tree canopy height information on tree species mapping accuracy. A multi-level classification system was adopted to classify image objects of the tree species and groups. To efficiently utilize seasonal change information of tree species, a seasonal trajectory difference index (STDI) was developed with multi-seasonal images. Species mapping accuracy was compared and evaluated among individual seasonal Pleiades images and combined dry-wet season images, and between feature types: (i) 6 canonical variables only, transformed by canonical discriminant analysis algorithm; ii) 6 canonical variables plus 2 normalized Digital Surface Model (nDSM) derived variables; and iii) 6 canonical variables plus 2 nDSM variables and 4 STDI band indices. The 6 canonical variables were extracted from all spectral and textural features (SFs) including tree species fraction features. Random Forest and Support Vector Machine classifiers were used to classify the seven tree species with tree crown image objects. The research results demonstrate that (1) with additional 2 nDSM variables and extracted 4 STDI band indices, the accuracy of mapping urban tree species could be further improved (p
Cardiomyocyte specific deletion of p53 decreases cell injury during ischemia-reperfusion: Role of Mitochondria

Abstract p53 is a tumor suppressor protein with a very low content in the basal condition, but the content rapidly rises during stress conditions including ischemia-reperfusion. An increase in p53 content increases cardiac injury during ischemia-reperfusion. Since mitochondrial damage plays a key role in cardiac injury during ischemia-reperfusion, we asked if genetic ablation of p53 decreases cardiac injury by protecting mitochondria. Isolated, perfused hearts from cardiac specific p53 deletion or wild type underwent 25 min global ischemia at 37 °C and 60 min reperfusion. At the end of reperfusion, hearts were harvested for infarct size measurement. In separate groups, cardiac mitochondria were isolated at 30 min reperfusion. Time control hearts were buffer-perfused without ischemia. Compared to wild type, deletion of p53 improved cardiac functional recovery and decreased infarct size following ischemia-reperfusion. Oxidative phosphorylation was improved in p53 deletion mitochondria following ischemia-reperfusion compared to wild type. The net release of ROS generation from wild type but not in p53 deletion mitochondria was increased following ischemia-reperfusion. Peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX 3) content was higher in p53 deletion than that in wild type, indicating that p53 deletion increases a key antioxidant. Ischemia-reperfusion led to increased spectrin cleavage (a marker of cytosolic calpain1 activation) in wild type but not in p53 deletion mice. Ischemia-reperfusion increased the truncation of mature AIF (apoptosis inducing factor, an indicator of mitochondrial calpain1 activation) in wild type but not in p53 deletion mice. The loss of cytochrome c from mitochondria was also decreased in p53 deletion following ischemia-reperfusion. Bcl-2 content was decreased in wild type but not in p53 deletion following reperfusion, suggesting that depletion of bcl-2 contributes to permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane. Thus, deletion of p53 decreases cardiac injury by protecting mitochondria through attenuation of oxidative stress and calpain activation during ischemia-reperfusion.
Inferring the genetic basis of sex determination from the genome of a dioecious nightshade

ABSTRACT Dissecting the genetic mechanisms underlying dioecy (i.e. separate female and male individuals) is critical for understanding the evolution of this pervasive reproductive strategy. Nonetheless, the genetic basis of sex determination remains unclear in many cases, especially in systems where dioecy has arisen recently. Within the economically important plant genus Solanum (∼2000 species), dioecy is thought to have evolved independently at least 4 times across roughly 20 species. Here, we generate the first genome sequence of a dioecious Solanum and use it to ascertain the genetic basis of sex determination in this species. We de novo assembled and annotated the genome of S. appendiculatum (assembly size: ∼750 Mb; scaffold N50: 0.92 Mb; ∼35,000 genes), identified sex-specific sequences and their locations in the genome, and inferred that males in this species are the heterogametic sex. We also analyzed gene expression patterns in floral tissues of males and females, finding ∼100 genes that are differentially expressed between the sexes. These analyses, together with observed patterns of gene-family evolution specific to S. appendiculatum, consistently implicate a suite of genes from the regulatory network controlling pectin degradation and modification in the expression of sex. Furthermore, the genome of a species with a relatively young sex determination system provides the foundational resources for future studies on the independent evolution of dioecy in this speciose clade.
Creating Connections across Communities through High-Impact Practices: A Case Study of Chandler-Gilbert Community College's Sustainability Program

Sustainability education is more crucial than ever. High-impact practices, such as hands-on undergraduate research projects and service learning, can help to make the teaching and learning of susta...
The TV and Movies corpora: Design, construction, and use

Abstract This paper discusses the creation and use of the TV Corpus (subtitles from 75,000 episodes, 325 million words, 6 English-speaking countries, 1950s-2010s) and the Movies Corpus (subtitles from 25,000 movies, 200 million words, 6 English-speaking countries, 1930s–2010s), which are available at English-Corpora.org. The corpora compare well to the BNC-Conversation data in terms of informality, lexis, phraseology, and syntax. But at 525 million words in total size, they are more than 30 times as large as BNC-Conversation (both BNC1994 and BNC2014 combined), which means that they can be used to look at a wide range of linguistic phenomena. The TV and Movies corpora also allow useful comparisons of very informal language across time (containing texts from the 1930s and later for the movies, and from the 1950s onwards for TV shows) and between dialects of English (such as British and American English).
Conectados por Prazer: Redes Sociais Virtuais Móveis Versus Valores de Uso Convergentes

As redes sociais se tornaram um fenomeno de integracao de pessoas em funcao das tecnologias de convergencia. Estas tecnologias cada vez mais presentes na vida de muitos usuarios, independentemente dos valores e das condicoes sociais envolvidas, reforcam a ampliacao social e interacao dos grupos envolvidos. Neste cenario, o crescimento dos aplicativos que dao acesso as redes sociais moveis e um exemplo deste fenomeno e e proporcional ao avanco da convergencia tecnologica, dado a multifuncionalidade dos dispositivos de tecnologia movel. Baseado nesse cenario de hiperconexao e tecnologia, foi elaborado um estudo netnografico sobre redes sociais moveis, em que o aplicativo de mensagens WhatsApp Messenger e o principal objeto de analise, dado os anos de estabilidade e notoriedade pela preferencia de uso dos Brasileiros. Assim, foram realizadas algumas comparacoes promovidas pelos usuarios por meio de discussoes online a respeito da diversificacao de uso do aplicativo no decorrer dos anos, para compreender quais fatores influenciam este posicionamento influente do aplicativo. Logo, o objetivo deste artigo e identificar, atraves da categorizacao de usuarios, as preferencias destes grupos em funcao da tecnologia movel desejada e de novos produtos inseridos no mercado, analisando as formas de utilizacao das redes moveis e suas preferencias, sejam elas sociais, hedonicas, utilitarias ou tecnologicas, as quais descrevem a influencia nacional com o uso do aplicativo WhatsApp.
Hospital policies for opioid use disorder treatment: A policy content analysis and environmental scan checklist.

Abstract Objective Hospital-based delivery of opioid agonist therapy ([OAT]; buprenorphine, methadone) is an often-overlooked component of the opioid use disorder (OUD) care continuum. Hospitals are complex clinical environments and organizational policies may inform access to care. This study aimed to identify and describe OUD-related hospital policies. Methods We obtained policies through a purposive sampling of addiction physicians affiliated with 10 U.S. hospitals. Experts provided 25 documents that we analyzed using a framework analysis. We then assessed policy concordance with national recommendations and conducted a post-hoc synthesis to create an environmental scan checklist. Results We observed two hospital policy domains, with four sub-domains, each: 1) OAT management (a. acute pain and perioperative; b. OAT continuation; c. OAT initiation; d. opioid withdrawal) and 2) security and behavioral management (a. aberrant drug use; b. patient-directed discharge; c. safety protocols; d. peripherally inserted central catheters). OAT policy concordance with national guidance varied by sub-domain. Our post-hoc synthesis resulted in a hospital policy environmental scan checklist. Conclusions Hospital policies are not a singular solution to increasing OAT access, however, in the midst of a worsening drug-related overdose crisis, we observed the divergence of policies from federal recommendations. Policies should enhance, rather than deter OAT access.
Is Rainwater Harvesting Worthwhile? A Benefit–Cost Analysis

AbstractRainwater harvesting provides a potential source of supplemental water supply to meet increasing urban demand. Distributed solutions based on many small capture devices are often viewed as ...
Sleep health traits and COVID-19: Mortality risk from the UK biobank

Introduction: While there is emerging evidence for acute sleep disruption in the aftermath of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is unknown whether sleep traits contribute to mortality risk. In this study, we tested whether earlier-life sleep duration, chronotype, insomnia, napping or sleep apnea were associated with increased 30-day COVID-19 mortality. Methods: We included 34,711 participants from the UK Biobank, who presented for COVID-19 testing between March and October 2020 (mean age at diagnosis: 69.4±8.3;range 50.2-84.6). Selfreported sleep duration (less than 6h/6-9h/more than 9h), chronotype (“morning”/“intermediate”/“evening”), daytime dozing (often/ rarely), insomnia (often/rarely), napping (often/rarely) and presence of sleep apnea (ICD-10 or self-report) were obtained between 2006 and 2010. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to adjust for age, sex, education, socioeconomic status, and relevant risk factors (BMI, hypertension, diabetes, respiratory diseases, smoking, and alcohol). Results: The mean time between sleep measures and COVID-19 testing was 11.6±0.9 years. Overall, 5,066 (14.6%) were positive. In those who were positive, 355 (7.0%) died within 30 days (median = 8) after diagnosis. Long sleepers (>9h vs. 6-9h) [20/103 (19.4%) vs. 300/4,573 (6.6%);OR 2.09, 95% 1.19-3.64, p=0.009), often daytime dozers (OR 1.68, 95% 1.04-2.72, p=0.03), and nappers (OR 1.52, 95% 1.04-2.23, p=0.03) were at greater odds of mortality. Prior diagnosis of sleep apnea also saw a two-fold increased odds (OR 2.07, 95% CI: 1.25-3.44 p=0.005). No associations were seen for short sleepers, chronotype or insomnia with COVID-19 mortality. Conclusion: Data across all current waves of infection show that prior sleep traits/disturbances, in particular long sleep duration, daytime dozing, napping and sleep apnea, are associated with increased 30-day mortality after COVID-19, independent of health-related risk factors. While sleep health traits may reflect unmeasured poor health, further work is warranted to examine the exact underlying mechanisms, and to test whether sleep health optimization offers resilience to severe illness from COVID-19.
The effect of jamming on the performance of carrier interferometry/OFDM

This paper analyzes the performance of carrier interferometry/orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CI/OFDM) in the presence of multipath fading as well as jamming. Specifically, the effect of jamming power and jammer bandwidth on the performance of CI/OFDM and OFDM is investigated. While CI/OFDM significantly outperforms traditional OFDM in a fading environment, we demonstrate that OFDM is more resistant to single-tone jamming than CI/OFDM. Furthermore, OFDM is more robust when jamming power increases although CI/OFDM is more robust when the bandwidth of the jammer increases. We also show that by employing frequency-domain anti-jamming techniques, it is possible to restore the performance gains offered by CI/OFDM relative to traditional OFDM.
A crack in an infinite anisotropic two-dimensional solid

The stress field in an infinite linear elastic solid with uniform stresses σ ij ∞ at infinity and containing a crack with a unit normal n, can be represented as a superposition of (1) the homogeneous state σ ij ∞ and (2) the stress state in a solid with stresses vanishing at infinity and the crack faces loaded by tractions niσ ij ∞ . This latter problem is considered.
Radiosensitivity of defined populations of lymphocytes: VI. Functional, structural, and biochemical consequences of in vitro irradiation☆

Abstract Single cell suspensions of BALB/c thymocytes (T cells) and nu/nu spleen cells (B cells) were exposed to 0, 50, and 500 rads and examined for topological abnormalities and alterations in surface glycoproteins and capacity to traffic normally upon transfer to syngeneic recipients. The results show that irradiated lymphocytes from both sources undergo extensive topological alterations which become more pronounced with the passage of time and which appear to precede the loss of cell viability. Viable T and B cells irradiated in vitro also fail to recirculate normally and accumulate in abnormal proportions in the spleen at the expense of the lymph nodes and gut-associated lymphoid tissues. Similarly, after a 2-hr incubation in saline at room temperature, irradiation of both T and B cells resulted in alterations in extractable surface glycoproteins. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that alterations in the recirculation of irradiated lymphocytes are associated with alterations in the plasma membrane.
State intervention in the market for corporate control

Abstract This study investigates the impact of Pennsylvania Senate Bill 1310 on the share prices of Pennsylvania corporations. Considered the most severe of the second-generation antitakeover laws, the statute limits the ability of shareholders to challenge management through the proxy process and eliminates the traditional fiduciary obligation of directors to promote shareholders' interests. We find that PA SB1310 significantly decreased share values, and estimate the loss to shareholders of Pennsylvania firms at $4 billion. However, firms with antitakeover charter amendments already in place were less affected, and firms that exempted themselves from PA SB1310 recovered a portion of shareholders' wealth.
Comparison of electrical impedance and mechanical plethysmography. Calibration of an impedance rheograph.

Impedance plethysmography has not had the appeal of other techniques of volume measurement. Doubts as to the validity of the technique and inconsistency in reports of the relationship of impedance measurements to other invasive and noninvasive methods of volume measurement have contributed to this lack of appeal. The purpose of this study was to compare impedance measurements with simultaneous measurements by two mechanical plethysmographs. Calf volume measurements were performed by impedance rheography (IR), air displacement plethysmography (AD), and strain-gauge plethysmography (SGP), using a venous occlusion plethysmographic (VOP) technique. Ten extremities of five normal volunteers were studied, including multiple observations on one volunteer. Correlations of IR to AD and IR to SGP in the five volunteers as well as in the single volunteer and in each extremity of the single volunteer were significant ( P