cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Syntax and semantics of languages for medical information processing

A set of suggestions is presented by the authors to IEEE committees working to standardize medical data communications between devices and host computers (IEEE P1073) and among host computers (IEEE P1157). The authors' model is intended to be a formal logic for the conceptual schema, and does not specify any particular implementation. They give a syntax in terms of abstract data records linked by pointers and also a semantics based on naive category theory. >
What You Don't Know Can Help You: The Ethics of Placebo Treatment

Is it permissible for a doctor or nurse to knowingly administer a placebo in a clinical setting? There is certainly something suspicious about it: placebos are typically said to be 'sham' treatments, with no 'active' properties and so giving a placebo is usually thought to involve tricking or deceiving the patient who expects a genuine treatment. Nonetheless, some physicians have recently suggested that placebo treatments are sometimes the best way to help their patients and can be administered in an honest way.These physicians conclude that placebo treatments are a perfectly acceptable, and ethically unproblematic, mode of treatment. While I grant the common idea that placebos are deceptive is correct, I argue that widespread misunderstandings concerning why this is so has led proponents of placebo treatments to respond to the charge of deception in a way that misses the mark entirely. My goal in this paper, then, is to develop a precise conception of what makes something a placebo, which in turn will clarify the central charge concerning the ethics of placebo treatment, viz. that it is deceptive. Is it permissible for a doctor or nurse to knowingly treat a patient with a placebo? There is certainly something suspicious about it: placebos are 'sham' treatments, with no 'active' properties and so giving a placebo involves 'tricking' or 'deceiving' the patient who expects a genuine treatment. I have put the terms 'sham', 'active', 'tricking', 'deceiving' in scare quotes: although I agree that these terms are accurate, the way in which they apply to placebos is not, I shall argue, properly understood. My goal in this paper, then, is to develop a precise conception of what makes something a placebo, which in turn will clarify the central charge concerning the ethics of placebo treatment, viz. that it is deceptive. I think this charge sticks, but the way in which placebo treatments are deceptive is misunderstood by both opponents and pro- ponents of placebo treatment. This misunderstanding has led some proponents to respond to the charge of deception in a way that misses the mark entirely. I conclude by showing that while my arguments provide a strong case against the permissibility of placebo treatment, they do not answer another argument some proponents of placebo treatment make.
Stroke Literature Synopses: Basic Science.

The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that regulates innate immunity. Inflammasomes recognize cellular infection and stress, such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns or damage-associated molecular patterns, and then activate caspase-1 to induce secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Thus far, several inflammasome proteins are reported, and those identified core components belong to 2 families: the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)–like receptor (NLR) family and the pyrin and hematopoietic interferon-inducible nuclear antigens with 200 amino-acid repeats domain-containing protein (PYHIN) family. Although accumulating evidence has revealed important molecular mechanisms underlying the inflammasome-mediated processes, roles of inflammasomes in central nervous system still remain unclear. For example, although mechanisms of inflammasome-mediated activation have been extensively studied in hematopoietic macrophages, much less is known about microglia that are resident tissue macrophages in brain. Burm et al ( Inflammasome-induced IL-1β secretion in microglia is characterized by delayed kinetics and is …
A test of antecedents and outcomes of employee role negotiation ability

Abstract While role negotiation is theorized to serve critical functions in employee role development, researchers have generally focused on role outcomes (e.g., role innovation) rather than the conditions that foster role negotiation or how employees negotiate their roles. This investigation examines conditions leading to employee perceptions of their ability to negotiate their roles and the outcomes of this perception. Results of structural equation analyses indicate that the communication relationship (openness, work facilitation) with their supervisor was associated with perceptions of role negotiation ability. Results also indicate that the perceived ability to role negotiate predicted reduced role conflict and increased job satisfaction, but was unrelated to role ambiguity. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are suggested.
A BAW-enabled low-power 5X frequency multiplier

We present a low power Film Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonator (FBAR) enabled multiply-by-5 circuit. We compare its performance to a Q-enhanced LC tank-based multiplier for power, phase noise and carrier-to-spur ratio performance. The FBAR-based frequency multiplier (FM) provides 3 dB and 14.5 dB of phase noise filtering at 1MHz and 10MHz offsets, respectively, compared to an LC-based frequency multiplier. Due to its sharp roll-off, it improves spurious suppression by 14.5 dB. We implemented a prototype in 0.13 −m RF-CMOS process containing a multiply-by-5 and a differential ring oscillator. Each circuit consumes 700 µ;W while providing a 2 GHz output tone. The FBAR based FM provides a phase noise of −91.5 and −124.5 dBc/Hz at 1MHz and 10MHz offsets respectively while the phase noise for the LC tank based FM is −86.5 and −108.5 dBc/Hz.
Expression of the green fluorescent protein in the oligodendrocyte lineage: a transgenic mouse for developmental and physiological studies.

We generated a transgenic mouse expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the 2'-3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP) promoter. EGFP(+) cells were visualized in live tissue throughout embryonic and postnatal development. Immunohistochemical analysis in brain tissue and in sciatic nerve demonstrated that EGFP expression was restricted to cells of the oligodendrocyte and Schwann cell lineages. EGFP was also strongly expressed in "adult" oligodendrocyte progenitors (OPs) and in gray matter oligodendrocytes. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting allowed high-yield purification of EGFP(+) oligodendrocyte-lineage cells from transgenic brains. Electrophysiological patch clamp recordings of EGFP(+) cells in situ demonstrated that OP cells displayed large outward tetraethylammonium (TEA)-sensitive K(+) currents and very small inward currents, whereas mature oligodendrocytes were characterized by expression of large inward currents and small outward K(+) currents. The proliferation rate of EGFP(+) cells in developing white matter decreased with the age of the animals and was strongly inhibited by TEA. Oligodendrocyte development and physiology can be studied in live tissue of CNP-EGFP transgenic mice, which represent a source of pure EGFP(+) oligodendrocyte-lineage cells throughout development.
Experiments on solvated electron generation and deposition in hexamethylphosphoramide

Abstract Theory is developed and compared to experiment for the cyclic voltammetric ejection and redeposition of solvated electrons e s − in NaClO 4 and LiCl solutions in HMPA. In current reversal chronopotentiometry, e s − mass transfer can be observed free from uncompensated resistance effects by cathodic generation of e s − for time t f followed by anodic current redeposition leading to a reverse transition time τ b . The ratio τ b / t f depends on t f , applied current, and LiCl electrolyte concentration. Comparison of τ b / t f to theory detects a highly reactive scavenger at micromolar concentration levels.
Oestrogen in fluid transport in efferent ducts of the male reproductive tract

This review focuses on the importance of oestrogen and oestrogen receptors in the male reproductive system, with a special interest in the newly discovered role of oestrogen in the regulation of fluid reabsorption in the efferent ductules of the testis. Early work on oestrogen synthesis indicated that Leydig and Sertoli cells were the only important cells in the production of this steroid in the adult testis. However, more recent work has shown that germ cells and spermatozoa also contain aromatase and produce oestrogen. The observation that germ cells synthesize oestrogen contributed to a new hypothesis that oestrogen in the lumen of the male reproductive tract targets the epithelial lining of efferent ductules and the epididymis. The location of nuclear oestrogen receptors in the male reproductive tract has also been investigated and it has been found that oestrogen receptor α is more abundant in the efferent ductules of the testis than in any other tissue of the male or female. In all species examined to date, oestrogen receptor α has been found to be abundant in the efferent ductules. The structure and function of the efferent ductules are taken into account as these tubules are responsible for the reabsorption of almost 90% of the luminal rete testis fluid. Thus, it was logical to hypothesize that oestrogen receptors play a role in the regulation of fluid reabsorption in efferent ductules. The oestrogen receptor α knockout mouse was used to help define this role of the receptor in males. In this animal model, the efferent ductules are altered markedly from a reabsorptive epithelium to a squamous epithelium devoid of lysosomes and endocytotic organelles. Although the separate roles for oestrogens and androgens in the regulation of fluid reabsorption are controversial and remain to be resolved, it is now established that loss of oestrogen receptor function in males interferes with the resorptive function of efferent ductules, a function that is essential for fertility. Future studies will focus on the biochemical and physiological mechanisms involved in the regulation of water and ion movement by oestrogen in the male reproductive tract.
Order bornological spaces and order ultrabornological spaces

Ordered locally convex spaces is an important classes of spaces in the theory of ordered topological vector spaces just as locally convex spaces in the theory of topological vector spaces. Some special classes of ordered locally convex spaces such as order infrabarrelled spaces have been studied. The purpose of this paper is to initiate the study of order bornological spaces and their fundamental properties. In addition, order ultrabornological spaces is also investigated as an important special class of order bornological spaces.
Process Control Concepts

To follow the historical trend of 30%/function per year reduction in cost of integrated circuits and to meet the future processing challenges, semiconductor processing equipment must include improved control systems and semiconductor manufacturers must deploy more advanced control techniques. An understanding of basic control concepts is necessary before discussing these control system improvements and their applications. To furnish this understanding, this paper provides a definition of Advanced Process Control. An overview of relevant control terminology, attributes, and implementation forms are presented. Issues such as requirements, specification of good control, deadtime, and stability are also included. The technical and financial reasons for control are also introduced. The relationship between the various concepts are highlighted.
Determination of Plant Proteinase Inhibitors by Agar Gel Radial Diffusion Assay

An agar gel radial diffusion assay for proteinases has been adapted for the assay of proteinase inhibitors from plants. It requires minimal equipment and produces results comparable to those obtainable with a conventional spectrophotometric technique (TAME assay). Insect gut proteinase preparations can be employed in the assay, as well as bovine trypsin. The assay should be useful in large-scale surveys of plant materials for inhibitor activity. Using it, we demonstrate that Jimson weed foliage contains a heat-labile inhibitor of bovine trypsin whose levels rise markedly in undamaged leaves 72 h after crushing injury to the cotyledons or leaves of the plant.
Coriolis Effect on Dynamic Stall in a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine at Moderate Reynolds Number

The immersed boundary method is used to simulate the flow around a two-dimensional rotating NACA 0018 airfoil at sub-scale Reynolds number in order to investigate the separated flow occurring on a vertical-axis wind turbine. The influence of dynamic stall on the forces is characterized as a function of tip-speed ratio. The influence of the Coriolis effect is also investigated by comparing the rotating airfoil to one undergoing a equivalent planar motion, which is composed of surging and pitching motions that produce an equivalent speed and angle-of-attack variation over the cycle. When the angle of attack of a rotating airfoil starts to decrease in the upwind half cycle, the Coriolis force leads to a wake-capturing phenomenon of a vortex pair at low tip-speed ratio. This effects occurs at a slightly different phase in each cycle and leads to a significant decrease in the average lift during the downstroke phase. Moreover, the wake-capturing is only observed when the combination of surging, pitching, and Coriolis force are present. Finally, an actuator model is placed at an appropriate location on the suction side of the airfoil surface to control the wake-capturing phenomenon. Based on preliminary simulations, a momentum coefficient above 0.02 was able to increase the average lift by more than 70% over the upwind-half cycle.
User acceptance and preference for advanced voice services features and dialogue styles

The experiment evaluates several alternatives for the design of user dialogues of a telephone system which integrates advanced features to accelerate access to telephone services and also Spoken Speed Dial, Call Answering and Call Delivery. In the experiment, subjects placed phone calls and relayed pieces of information. The dialogue they then encountered presented them with experimental variations of dialogue styles and provided an opportunity to use the Spoken Speed Dial feature. Subjects made 16 call attempts in the first phase of the experiment, and their preferences for dialogue features were recorded between trial blocks and at the end of the experiment. In a second phase, subjects were the recipients of Call Delivery of various types. The results show clear preference for verbal prompts, the usability of Spoken Speed Dial, conflicting attitudes towards the extra step of recording the recipient's name in Call Answering, and a preferred mode of Call Delivery.
Laboratory Test Items of Preventive Health Examination and Frequency Research on Practitioners

[Objective]To investigate the laboratory test items of preventive health examination and frequency research on practitioners in China, and provide scientific evidence for developing practical examination items and frequency.[Methods]Continuous monitoring speed method was adopted to determine serum ALT activity, ELISA was used for detection of 5 serologic markers of HBV, the positive cases were conducted epidemiological survey. Uniform medium and testing methods were applied for stool culture.[Results]Totally 1829 cases were detected with elevated ALT activity, among which 49.1% were HBV infectors, 50.90% were not infected with HBV; HBsAg positive cases were newly employed practitioners(1091/12636),practitioners with continuous examination of 5 years were all HBsAg negative.[Conclusion]There is no practical significance for HBV prevention by using ALT test; therefore, it is suggested to eliminate it from laboratory test items. To avoid missing detection of the occult HBV cases, 5 serologic markers detection of HBV should be performed. Detection interval should be more than 2 years for anti -HBs negative cases, for anti -HBs positive cases that should be more than 5 years, and less than 10 years. Annual stool culture test should be deleted from the laboratory test items and be classified to other checking items of diseases with public health hazard.
P-V CURVE BASED STATIC ANALYSIS FOR INTEGRATION OF WIND FARM INTO POWER SYSTEM

A P-V curve based static analysis method for integration of wind farm into power system and a P-V curve based analysis method for the integration of two wind farms simultaneously into the same local power network are presented. In this method the information, such as voltage deviation, range of voltage fluctuation and so on, is provided. The voltage requirement for integrating a wind farm into the local power network and the influence of wind farm operation on the local power network loss are analyzed. The simulation results show that the lowest voltage for integrating a wind farm into the local power network should be higher than that of the power system in maintenance and the integration of wind farm is advantageous to reduce the loss of power network.
Communalism Moderates the Association Between Racial Centrality and Emergency Department Use for Sickle Cell Disease Pain

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder that predominantly affects people of African descent. However, there is limited information on how social and cultural contexts affect SCD-related health care use. We explored whether communalism moderated the relation between racial centrality and emergency department use for SCD pain in a sample of 62 adults who were seen at a comprehensive clinic. Bivariate analyses showed a significant correlation between racial centrality and emergency department use (r = -.30, p = .02). Pain-adjusted regression analyses indicated a moderating effect of communalism (b = .77, p < .01) such that an inverse association between racial centrality and emergency department use was observed only at mean and low levels of communalism. Additional studies are needed to replicate these findings with larger samples. There is also a need for further studies that elucidate the role of culturally centered coping strategies on health care use in this patient group.
Molecular factors in intervertebral disc degeneration

The aim of this paper is to review the literature on molecular protein and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) factors involved in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). These elements were categorized basing on the changes in i) cell viability or number, ii) extracellular matrix (ECM) and iii) inflammation. Factors found to influence cell number and viability in IVDD included Fas/FasL, tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand, death receptor-4/-5, bcl2-like 11, p53 inducible nuclear protein 1, p53/p21 factors, basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor-β. Factors found to affect IVD ECM included a range of matrix metalloproteinase, metalloproteinases with thrombospondin motifs, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases and disintegrins. Several proinflammatory factors have been identified in IVDD including interleukin-1β and TNF-α. The advent of protein and mRNA detection techniques has increased the understanding of IVDD from a molecular perspective. Further study of molecular protein and mRNA factors has the potential to identify and optimize therapeutic targets in the future.
Hypercalcaemic Pancreatitis, Adrenal Insufficiency, Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Diabetes Mellitus in a girl with Probable Sarcoidosis.

Introduction Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous disease with diverse and often non-specific symptoms during childhood. The clinical manifestations sometimes include endocrinopathies related to sarcoid infiltration of various endocrine organs, but more commonly due to the associated autoimmune endocrine disorders. There are only a few reports of multiple autoimmune and non-autoimmune endocrine problems occurring simultaneously in patients with sarcoidosis. We report a girl with probable sarcoidosis who also had Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and secondary adrenal insufficiency. Case presentation A 9-year-old girl previously diagnosed with autoimmune hypothyroidism and vitamin D deficiency, presented with hypercalcemic pancreatitis after initiating vitamin D supplementation that lead to a diagnosis of probable sarcoidosis. Secondary adrenal insufficiency and T1D were subsequently diagnosed. Her angiotensin converting enzyme levels on 2 occasions were 106 and 135 nmol/mL/min (normal range 10 - 43). All investigations conducted to exclude several infectious and malignant conditions that may mimic sarcoidosis were negative. The patient showed a good response to treatment with hydrocortisone, levothyroxine, insulin and methotrexate. Conclusions To our knowledge, ours is the youngest ever patient reported in the literature with sarcoidosis to develop multiple autoimmune and non-autoimmune endocrinopathies.
Using Methodological Reviews and Meta-analyses to Identify Current Best Practices in School-Based Counseling

This chapter is an introduction to the use of methodological reviews as a means for analyzing and synthesizing the available school counseling research through a systematic evaluation of the quality of the research method. In this chapter, we (a) describe the purpose of a methodological review, (b) provide a step-by step process for conducting a methodological review in school counseling, and (c) review three articles on school discipline to provide an example of the methodological review process using school counseling-related research articles. The aim is to help school counseling researchers and practitioners to understand the critical elements of quantitative research designs and provide the reader with a template and a process for analyzing and synthesizing school counseling research in a systematic manner.
Quantitative Comparison of Enzyme Immobilization Strategies for Glucose Biosensing in Real-Time Using Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry Coupled with Carbon-Fiber Microelectrodes.

Electrochemical monitoring of non-electroactive species requires a biosensor that is stable and selective, with sensitivity to physiological concentrations of targeted analytes. We have combined glucose oxidase-modified carbon-fiber microelectrodes with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry for real-time measurements of glucose fluctuations in brain tissue. Work presented herein quantitatively compares three approaches to enzyme immobilization on the microelectrode surface-physical adsorption, hydrogel entrapment, and entrapment in electrospun nanofibers. The data suggest that each of these methods can be used to create functional microbiosensors. Immobilization of glucose oxidase by physical adsorption generates a biosensor with poor sensitivity to glucose and unstable performance. Entrapment of glucose oxidase in poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers generates microbiosensors that are effective for glucose measurements over a large linear range, and that may be particularly useful when targeting glucose concentrations in excess of 3 mm, such as in blood. Hydrogel entrapment is the most effective in terms of sensitivity and stability. These microbiosensors can be used for simultaneous monitoring of glucose and dopamine in real time. The findings outlined herein should be applicable to other oxidase enzymes, and thus they are broadly important for the development of new tools for real-time measurements of fluctuating molecules that are not inherently electroactive.
The clinical implications of immunogenomics in colorectal cancer: A path for precision medicine

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most common malignancy and the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Large multi-omic databases, such as The Cancer Genome Atlas and the International Colorectal Cancer Subtyping Consortium, have identified distinct molecular subtypes related to anatomy. The identification of genomic alterations in CRC is now critical because of the recent success and US Food and Drug Administration approval of pembrolizumab and nivolumab for microsatellite-instable tumors. In parallel, landmark studies have established the prognostic significance of the CRC tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte and the clinical impact of the tumor immune microenvironment. As a result, there is a growing appreciation for immunogenomics, the interconnected relation between tumor genomics and the immune microenvironment. The clinical implications of CRC immunogenomics continue to expand, and it will likely serve as a guide for next-generation immunotherapy strategies for improving outcomes for this disease. Cancer 2018;124:1650-9. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Identifying structural damage with data driven impedance response calibration

The impedance/admittance measurements of a piezoelectric transducer circuit bonded to or embedded in a host structure can be used as damage indicator, since damage will introduce notable impedance shifts. When a credible model of the healthy structure, such as the finite element model, is available, using the impedance/admittance change information as input, it is possible to identify both the location and severity of damage. In this research we cast the damage identification problem into a many-objective optimization framework through impedance response calibration using Gaussian Process. With damage location and severity as unknown variables, the objective functions are response surfaces calibrated using emulated damaged scenarios assisted by Gaussian Process. Subsequently, a e - dominance enabled many-objective algorithm based on multi-objective Simulated Annealing is devised to facilitate the many-objective optimization. The proposed approach yields high-quality results that can be further investigated for model updating.
Relationship between early word-reading and long-term reading-comprehension growth for language-minority learners compared to native-english-speaking students

The present study used data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Kindergarten Class of 1998–1999 to examine whether the relationship between first-grade word-reading and reading-comprehensio...
Compressive deformation of liquid marbles

Abstract Millimetric liquid droplets coated with particles, known as “liquid marbles”, exhibit some curious physical properties such as extended lifetime with regards to evaporation, low-friction when in contact with other surfaces and non-coalescence with other liquids. The formation dynamics have been well-characterized as well as thermal properties, however, their mechanical properties have not. Here, we investigate the response of liquid marbles to compressive deformation between two plates. Above a compressive strain of approximately 40–50%, cracks appear in the particle coating and the liquid can wet the surface of the plates, i.e. the marble ruptures. However, more strikingly, we find that even for relatively small compressive strain (without rupturing), the marbles often undergo an irreversible deformation - that is they do not regain their original shape. We quantify this shape ‘hysteresis’ across a range of particle sizes and liquids, showing that it correlates primarily with compressive strain, but also particle type and underlying fluid. Furthermore, we analyse the compressed marble shapes upon approach to rupture in the context of previous analytical approximations, showing that the recent theory of Whyman & Bormashenko (2015) provides a good description of crushed marble shapes.
Refusal of base station physicians to authorize narcotic analgesia.

(2001). R EFUSAL OF B ASE S TATION P HYSICIANS TO A UTHORIZE N ARCOTIC A NALGESIA. Prehospital Emergency Care: Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 293-295.
A light-independent developmental mechanism potentiates flavonoid gene expression in Arabidopsis seedlings

Throughout the plant kingdom expression of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway is precisely regulated in response to developmental signals, nutrient status, and environmental stimuli such as light, heat and pathogen attack. Previously we showed that, in developing Arabidopsis seedlings, flavonoid genes are transiently expressed during germination in a light-dependent manner, with maximal mRNA levels occurring in 3-day-old seedlings. Here we describe the relationship between developmental and environmental regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis by examining phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), and dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR) mRNA levels in germinating Arabidopsis seedlings as a function of light, developmental stage and temperature. We show that seedlings exhibit a transient potential for induction of these four genes, which is distinct from that observed for chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (CAB). The potential for flavonoid gene induction was similar in seedlings grown in darkness and red light, indicating that induction potential is not linked to cotyledon expansion or the development of photosynthetic capacity. The evidence for metabolic regulation of flavonoid genes during seedling development is discussed.
Low Temperature Thermal Conductivity of MnO·Al2O3·SiO2 Glass

De Graaf and co-workers have shown that cobalt and manganese alumino-silicate glasses have remarkable magnetic properties. They appear to be chemically inhomogeneous on the scale of the order of 10A, and much of their magnetic behavior can be explained on the basis of this inhomogeneity1. Their magnetic excitations dominate the low temperature specific heat in these glasses, as has been shown by Wenger and Keesom2 and by Kline et al3. In Fig.1 the specific heat of a manganese glass (containing 13.3at%Mn) is compared with the Debye-T3 specific heat based on speed of sound measurements 3,4, the experimental specific heat of a typical amorphous solid, SiO2, containing no magnetic impurities, and that of a piece of alumino-borosilicate glass (pyrex), containing 100 ppm by weight of iron5. Below 1°K, the specific heat of the manganese-containing glass exceeds that of the SiO2 glass by three orders of magnitude.
Polysialic Acid as a Regulator of Cell Interactions

Polysialic acid, referring specifically to linear homopolymers of α2-8-linked N-acetylneuraminic acid (abbreviated here as PSA), is a remarkable carbohydrate structure. The basis for this statement begins with some surprising general observations: (1) the abundant presence of this structure in three very different biological contexts [bacterial capsules (Finne, 1985; Troy, 1979), fish eggs (Kitajima et al., 1986; Inoue et al., 1987), and surfaces of a variety of vertebrate cells (Finne, 1985; Margolis and Margolis, 1983; Chuong and Edelman, 1984; Finne et al., 1987)], (2) the nearly complete restriction of vertebrate PSA to a single cell surface protein [the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM)] (Hoffman et al., 1982; Finne et al., 1983), and (3) the fact that in each of these situations the carbohydrate appears to form a space or barrier around a cell. In this chapter I will focus on the molecular, cell, and tissue biology of NCAM PSA, with particular emphasis on the hypothesis (Rutishauser et al., 1988) that variations in this carbohydrate during development serve as an overall regulator of cell—cell and possibly cell—matrix interactions.
Gentrification and nostalgia: archaeology of memory for the segregated past in a coastal florida city

ABSTRACTArchaeological excavations and presentations are memory-work, offering tactile and visual materials for consideration of the past. In a coastal Florida city, growing rapidly through in-migr...
Simulating the Sun with a Supercontinuum Laser

A commercially available extended UV supercontinuum laser was tuned with a 128-pixel transmissive spatial light modulator to give a close match with the ASTM E490 AM0 solar spectrum. Another 1088-pixel reflective spatial light modulator was added to increase tunability. Because of the small spot size of the laser beam, the effect of size on light current-voltage (IV) measurement was investigated. We propose using an I SC - V OC curve to reconstruct a series resistant free full cell light IV curve.
Comparison of Substrate-Dependent SERS Chemical-Enhancement Effects in Au and Ag for Compositional Analysis of Single-Stranded DNA

We experimentally observe and isolate chemical-enhancement effects in the Raman spectra of nucleotides on gold nanorod surfaces. We compare the enhanced spectra with similar enhancements observed on silver surfaces, and demonstrate their potential for DNA composition analysis. © 2019 The Author(s)
Liver transplantation at safety net hospitals: Potentially vulnerable patients with noninferior outcomes.

Abstract Background Patients undergoing complex surgery at safety net hospitals have been shown to suffer inferior short-term outcomes. Liver transplantation, one of the most complex surgical interventions, is offered at certain safety net hospitals. We sought to identify whether patients undergoing liver transplantation at safety net hospitals have inferior outcomes compared with lower burden centers. Methods Using a link between the University HealthSystem Consortium and Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipient databases, we identified 11,047 patients undergoing liver transplantation at 63 centers between 2009 and 2012. Hospitals were grouped by safety net burden, defined as the proportion of Medicaid or uninsured patient encounters during that time. The highest quartile (safety net hospitals) was compared to medium- and low-burden hospitals regarding recipient and donor characteristics, perioperative outcomes, and long-term survival. Results Liver transplantation recipients at safety net hospitals were more often black and of lower socioeconomic status (P .05). Conclusion Despite differences in perioperative outcomes at safety net hospitals, these centers achieve noninferior long-term patient and graft survival for potentially vulnerable patients requiring liver transplantation. Strict care standardization, as achieved in liver transplantation, may be a mechanism by which outcomes can be improved at safety net hospitals after other complex surgical procedures.
The critical role of configurational flexibility in facilitating reversible reactive metal deposition from borohydride solutions

Development of calcium metal batteries has been historically frustrated by a lack of electrolytes capable of supporting reversible calcium electrodeposition. In this paper, we report the study of an electrolyte consisting of Ca(BH4)2 in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to gain important insight into the role of the liquid solvation environment in facilitating the reversible electrodeposition of this highly reactive, divalent metal. Through interrogation of the Ca2+ solvation environment and comparison with Mg2+ analogs, we show that an ability to reversibly electrodeposit metal at reasonable rates is strongly regulated by dication charge density and polarizability. Our results indicate that the greater polarizability of Ca2+ over Mg2+ confers greater configurational flexibility, enabling ionic cluster formation via neutral multimer intermediates. Increased concentration of the proposed electroactive species, CaBH4+, enables rapid and stable delivery of Ca2+ to the electrode interface. This work helps set the stage for future progress in the development of electrolytes for calcium and other divalent metal batteries.
17 – Basic Equations of Fluid Mechanics

Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes the basic concepts and equations of fluid mechanics. The traditional finite difference procedures are used in solving fluid flow problems. Different fluids show different relations between stress and the rate of deformation. Depending on the nature of relation followed between stress and rate of deformation, fluids can be classified as Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. A flow field is described in terms of the velocities and accelerations of fluid particles at different times and at different points throughout the fluid-filled space. For the graphical representation of fluid motion, the concepts of streamlines and path lines are introduced. The motion of a group of particles in a fluid is described by either the Lagrangian method or the Eulerian method. For a general three-dimensional flow problem, the continuity equation, the equations of motion, the energy equation, the equation of state, and the viscosity equation are to be satisfied. The unknowns are the velocity components (u, v, w), pressure (p), density (p), viscosity (μ), and the temperature (T). Thus, there are seven governing equations in seven unknowns, and hence the problem can be solved once the flow boundaries and the boundary and initial conditions for the governing equations are known. The general governing equations are valid at any instant of time and are applicable to laminar, transition, and turbulent flows.
Selection of mode of delivery for women with scar uterine pregnancy

Objective To explore the effects of different modes of delivery in women with scar uterine pregnancy,to choose the best mode according to different situations,and to minimize the unfavorable factors of scar uterine pregnancy.Methods The data on 349 pregnant women with scar uterus who had given childbirth were retrospectively analyzed.The SPSS was used to assess the effects of different modes of delivery on these women.Results 192 women received Cesarean section and 157 received try of,133 of whom succeeded in delivery,with a rate of 84.7％.Length of hospital stay was shorter and amount of bleeding was smaller in vaginal delivery group than in Cesarean section group,with a statistical significance.Conclusions Cesarean section scar uterus is not the only mode of delivery in women with scar uterus.Try of vaginal delivery is safe and reliable under reasonable conditions. Key words: Scar uterus; Mode of delivery; Try of vaginal delivery; Cesarean section
Patterns of food parenting practices regarding junk food and sugary drinks among parent-child dyads

Children’s food preference and intake patterns are affected by parental child feeding practices. The objective was to determine patterns of food parenting practices regarding junk food and sugary drinks (JS) and investigate their associations with demographic characteristics and dietary intake in a large cohort of parents and their children (12–17 years). Dyadic survey data from the cross-sectional, internet-based Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating Study, conducted in 2014, were analyzed using latent class analysis to identify patterns of use for six JS parenting practices – negative emotions, restriction, monitoring, availability, modeling, and child involvement – based on parent and child report. Model covariates included self-reported parent and child sex, age (child only), body mass index category (based on height and weight), added sugars intake, and legitimacy of parental authority. Based on 1657 parent-child dyads, five parenting practice patterns were identified representing different levels of practice use – Complete Influencers (28%; reference class), Indifferent Influencers (21%), Negative Influencers (20%), Minimal Influencers (18%), and Disagreeing Influencers (13%). Compared to older child dyads, younger child dyads were less likely to belong to Indifferent and Minimal Influencers (79 and 63% lower odds, respectively). Greater parent added sugars intake increased the odds of belonging to Indifferent and Negative Influencers (4 and 5% higher for every teaspoon increase, respectively) while greater child added sugars intake decreased the odds of belonging to Minimal Influencers (6% lower for every teaspoon increase). Compared to dyads with high scores, dyads with low child scores for legitimacy of parental authority regarding JS were 18 times as likely to belong to Disagreeing Influencers. The study findings suggest that parents utilize distinct patterns of feeding practices regarding JS ranging from use of many practices, use of some practices, to low use of any practice, with differential associations with parent and child intakes of added sugars. Counseling or intervening with parents to use a mix of structure practices, such as availability and modeling, to positively influence their child’s and possibly their own intake of sugary snacks and drinks may prove more efficacious than use of coercive control practices, such as negative emotions.
“Put the phone away!”: Does text message content influence perceptions of group member texting?

Abstract Although mobile phone use in society and within organizations is commonplace, there are still questions about the appropriateness of phone use during meetings. On one hand, multicommunication researchers see mobile phones offering many benefits to employees including being constantly available and increasing meeting efficiency. On the other side, mobile phone use in meetings is seen as rude and a distraction from the task. This experiment focused on how knowledge of text message content may influence the positive or negative perceptions of mobile phone use in meetings. Four videos depicted an organizational meeting and different mobile phone message content (meeting-related, non-meeting related, no knowledge of the message, no mobile phone use). After watching the video, participants evaluated the texter and overall meeting. Results from a student (N = 415) and a professional sample (N = 410) showed that an absence of mobile phone use was best for individual and meeting level outcomes. Meeting-related text messages were generally viewed more positively than non-meeting related messages or not knowing the message. Differences were also found between the two samples for individual and meeting level outcomes. These findings are discussed in light of meeting norms around mobile phone use, along with implications for meetings.
Changing the Church Through Synodality

The document “Synodality in the Life and Mission of the Church,” published in 2018 by the International Theological Commission of the Roman Catholic Church, provides a solid foundational for a renewal of synodal practices and institutions within the Roman Catholic Church. It provides a helpful summary of the biblical, historical, and theological roots of synodality in the life of the churches. Such a renewal requires additional exploration of structures and institutions beyond the current forms of synodality discussed in the document.
Production of Megawatt Submillimeter Pulses by Stimulated Magneto-Resonant Raman Scattering

In previous experiments with an intense, relativistic, electron beam in an external magnetic field, [1] negative mass instability lead to coherent, electromagnetic radiation ('cyclotron maser'). Large radiated power levels were produced at wavelengths of several centimeters corresponding to the fundamental cyclotron frequency, and also at mm wavelengths corresponding to harmonics. However, the process was not expected to result in coherent submillimeter radiation; the largest harmonic number at which the cyclotron maser process produces coherent radiation is predicted [2] to be n = W ⊥ /ΔW ⊥ ≤ 10 for an intense beam (where ΔW ⊥ /W ⊥ is the fractional spread in electron transverse energy). Nevertheless, in experiments employing a cyclotron maser geometry strong submillimeter radiation was observed [3].
When Justice Is Served: Using Data Analytics To Examine How Fraud-Based Legal Actions Affect Earnings Management

To investigate the possibility that corporate managers change their discretionary accrual policies in response to federal legal decisions, a discretionary accrual model was formulated. Specifically, this model tests whether the magnitude of an entity’s discretionary accruals increases or decreases after the filing of fraud-based legal actions and the issuance of fraud-based legal rulings. The results indicate that overall, the magnitude of an entity’s discretionary accruals: (1) increases in response to the filing of a fraud-based legal action; (2) decreases in response to the issuance of a favorable fraud-based legal ruling; (3) increases in response to the issuance of an unfavorable fraud-based legal ruling; (4) decreases in response to the issuance of a mixed fraud-based legal ruling; and (5) changes according to industry factors in response to the issuance of a fraud-based legal ruling.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG modifies the metabolome of pathobionts in gnotobiotic mice.

Background Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is the most widely used probiotic, but the mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects remain unresolved. Previous studies typically inoculated LGG in hosts with established gut microbiota, limiting the understanding of specific impacts of LGG on host due to numerous interactions among LGG, commensal microbes, and the host. There has been a scarcity of studies that used gnotobiotic animals to elucidate LGG-host interaction, in particular for gaining specific insights about how it modifies the metabolome. To evaluate whether LGG affects the metabolite output of pathobionts, we inoculated with LGG gnotobiotic mice containing Propionibacterium acnes, Turicibacter sanguinis, and Staphylococcus aureus (PTS). Results 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples by Ion Torrent and MinION platforms showed colonization of germ-free mice by PTS or by PTS plus LGG (LTS). Although the body weights and feeding rates of mice remained similar between PTS and LTS groups, co-associating LGG with PTS led to a pronounced reduction in abundance of P. acnes in the gut. Addition of LGG or its secretome inhibited P. acnes growth in culture. After optimizing procedures for fecal metabolite extraction and metabolomic liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, unsupervised and supervised multivariate analyses revealed a distinct separation among fecal metabolites of PTS, LTS, and germ-free groups. Variables-important-in-projection scores showed that LGG colonization robustly diminished guanine, ornitihine, and sorbitol while significantly elevating acetylated amino acids, ribitol, indolelactic acid, and histamine. In addition, carnitine, betaine, and glutamate increased while thymidine, quinic acid and biotin were reduced in both PTS and LTS groups. Furthermore, LGG association reduced intestinal mucosal expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1α, IL-1β and TNF-α. Conclusions LGG co-association had a negative impact on colonization of P. acnes, and markedly altered the metabolic output and inflammatory response elicited by pathobionts.
Juvenile hormone analog enhances Zika virus infection in Aedes aegypti.

In recent years, there has been a rise in the emergence of arboviruses of public health importance, including Zika, chikungunya, dengue, and yellow fever viruses. Insecticide-based mosquito control has been the primary method for mitigating transmission of arboviruses. The consequences for the application of insecticides include both lethal and sublethal effects, and associated development of insecticide resistance. However, little is known about the influence on arboviral transmission. Mosquitoes with phenotypes that exhibit insecticide resistance or experience sublethal effects may be associated with altered susceptibility to arbovirus infection and transmission. Juvenile hormone analogs (JHAs) are insecticides that prevent pupa to adult molting of mosquitoes by mimicking the action of their natural juvenile hormone. Here, we examined whether the JHA pyriproxyfen interacts with ambient temperature (20 °C and 30 °C) during juvenile stages to influence life-history traits, population growth (λ'), and Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in Aedes aegypti. Development time of females was lengthened at 20 °C and in the presence of JHA. Prevention of pupa to adult molting by JHA was differentially higher at elevated temperature than low temperature. Size of females was larger at 20 °C and smaller at 30 °C. Infection, disseminated infection, and transmission of ZIKV in females were enhanced by JHA at both 20 °C and 30 °C relative to the controls. These results demonstrate that mosquito life-history and vector competence parameters are strongly influenced by interactive effects of JHA and temperature. The JHA-induced enhancement of ZIKV infection in females should be a consideration when implementing JHA in vector control strategies.