cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Short Paper:: The Smart Conference Room: An Integrated System Testbed for Efficient, Occupancy-Aware Lighting Control

A key challenge to lighting testbed development is the design of system architecture, both in terms of hardware and software, that supports the exploration of transformative systems concepts. Here, we introduce the Smart Conference Room (SCR) at the NSF Engineering Research Center for Smart Lighting. This regularly-used room combines multi-channel solid state light sources, advanced sensors, and sophisticated control algorithms to provide efficient and comfortable lighting where and when it is needed. We specifically discuss two interrelated sensing and control systems in the SCR. The first uses a sparse network of single-pixel color sensors for closed-loop feedback control of the light field in the room, driving the light field to a desired setpoint while harvesting incoming daylight and balancing energy costs. The second uses a low-resolution array of time-of-flight sensors to track occupants, identify their behavior, and trigger lighting modes, all while preserving their privacy. We describe ongoing and future experiments in the SCR that drive the specifications and development of new sensors, sources, and advanced control algorithms.
Characterization of the High Temperature Dislocation Substructure of MoSi2

The dislocation substructure of polycrystalline MoSi2 deformed in compression at temperatures ranging from 900°C to 1300°C has been investigated. Slip is found to occur primarily by Burgers vectors. A quantitative characterization of the dislocation substructure is developed for several deformation temperatures, including the slip systems present and the relative occurrence of each. Orientation distributions showing the screw/edge character of the dislocations are generated at each deformation temperature. Variations in these distributions with temperature are noted, and the implications of these variations to the deformation behavior of MoSi2 are discussed. Notable observations include the onset of dislocation climb between 900°C and 1100°C, a strong preference for dislocations of mixed character at 900°C, and the complete absence of pure screw dislocations from 900°C to 1300°C.
Robustified time-optimal control of uncertain structural dynamic systems

A new approach for computing open-loop time-optimal control inputs for uncertain linear dynamical systems is developed. In particular, the single-axis, rest-to-rest maneuvering problem of flexible spacecraft in the presence of uncertainty in model parameters is considered. Robustified time-optimal control inputs are obtained by solving a parameter optimization problem subject to robustness constraints. A simple dynamical system with a rigid-body mode and one flexible mode is used to illustrate the concept.
BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS OF FUNDULUS HETEROCLITUS (L.). VI. GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION IN THE GENE FREQUENCIES OF 15 LOCI

Geographic variation in the gene frequencies corresponding to 15 polymorphic enzymes were studied in the common killifish Fundulus heteroclitus. Aat-A, Est-B, Fum-A, H6pdh-A, Mpi-A and Pgm-B showed clinal variation in allelic frequencies along the Atlantic coast of North America, while Aat-B, Ap-A, and the EST-C phenotypes did not. The clinal allelic variation of six previously examined loci (Ldh-B, Mdh-A, Gpi-B, Idh-A, Pgm-A, and 6-Pgdh-A) was extended to locations farther north. Gene diversity was lowest in the cold waters of northern latitudes and highest in the warmer waters of southern latitudes. The variety of clinal shapes and widths suggests that selection has affected the allelic distributions for at least some of these loci. This hypothesis is discussed with regard to the range contractions and extensions caused by the glacial advances and retreats during the Pleistocene.
Self-interaction corrections applied to Mg-porphyrin, C60, and pentacene molecules

We have applied a recently developed method to incorporate the self-interaction correction through Fermi orbitals to Mg-porphyrin, C60, and pentacene molecules. The Fermi-Lowdin orbitals are localized and unitarily invariant to the Kohn-Sham orbitals from which they are constructed. The self-interaction-corrected energy is obtained variationally leading to an optimum set of Fermi-Lowdin orbitals (orthonormalized Fermi orbitals) that gives the minimum energy. A Fermi orbital, by definition, is dependent on a certain point which is referred to as the descriptor position. The degree to which the initial choice of descriptor positions influences the variational approach to the minimum and the complexity of the energy landscape as a function of Fermi-orbital descriptors is examined in detail for Mg-porphyrin. The applications presented here also demonstrate that the method can be applied to larger molecular systems containing a few hundred electrons. The atomization energy of the C60 molecule within the Fermi-Lowdin-orbital self-interaction-correction approach is significantly improved compared to local density approximation in the Perdew-Wang 92 functional and generalized gradient approximation of Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof functionals. The eigenvalues of the highest occupied molecular orbitals show qualitative improvement.
Is bone equally responsive to calcium and vitamin D intake from food vs. supplements? Use of 41calcium tracer kinetic model

Background Few interventions directly compare equivalent calcium and vitamin D from dairy vs. supplements on the same bone outcomes. The radioisotope calcium-41 (41Ca) holds promise as a tracer method to directly measure changes in bone resorption with differing dietary interventions.
The status Bonnevie-Ullrich; case presentation.

A patient with multiple deformities of ectodermal and mesodermal origin has been reported. The findings of pterygium of the neck, deformities of the extremities, hypoplasia of the mandible, retarded growth, lymphangiectatic oedema, cutis laxa, deformity of the ear, ocular hypertelorism, high-arched palate amid mushroom epiphyses are typical of the status Ullrich bilateralis. An additional finding, which differs from the usual description, was the hyperplasia of the mammary glands.
Dopamine Modulates Two Potassium Currents and Inhibits the Intrinsic Firing Properties of an Identified Motor Neuron in a Central Pattern Generator Network

Kloppenburg, Peter, Robert M. Levini, and Ronald M. Harris-Warrick. Dopamine modulates two potassium currents and inhibits the intrinsic firing properties of an identified motor neuron in a central...
Nutrient Sequestration by Vegetation in Bioretention Cells Receiving High Nutrient Loads

AbstractBioretention plant selection for nutrient removal (and even basic plant survival) is an understudied and not-well-understood component of this stormwater control measure. Twelve bioretention cells were constructed to evaluate 16 plants growing in three different media for their ability to remove nutrient pollution from urban stormwater runoff with high nutrient loads. Plants evaluated were pairs of natives and cultivars and included trees (Magnolia and Betula), shrubs (Viburnum and Itea), herbaceous perennial flowers (Helianthus and Eupatorium), a rush (Juncus), and an ornamental grass (Panicum). Eleven of the 16 species (B. nigra; B. Dura-Heat; M. virginiana; M. Sweet Thing; I. virginica; I. Henry’s Garnet; J. effusus; P. Shenandoah; H. angustifolius; H. First Light; and E. Gateway) performed well (grew and were aesthetically acceptable) in the bioretention cells and can be recommended as bioretention plants. Species and cultivar impacted the levels of remediation of the high N and P loads applie...
Extended virtual in-situ calibration method in building systems using Bayesian inference

Abstract Measurements from sensors and knowledge of key parameters are of great importance in the operation of modern building systems. Accurate and reliable information as these serves as the base for ensuring the desired performance of control algorithms, fault detection and diagnostics rules, analytical optimization strategies. They are also crucial for developing trust-worthy building models. However, unlike mass produced industrial devices, building systems are generally one of a kind and sparsely instrumented. Despite the indispensable need, dense deployment of sensors or a periodic manual calibration for ensuring the quality of thousands variables in building systems is not practical. To address the challenge, we extend our virtual in-situ calibration method by marrying it with Bayesian inference, which has a better capability in handling uncertainties. Strategies, including local, global, and combined calibration, are evaluated in a case with various sensor errors and uncertain parameters. The detailed procedure and results are presented.
Hot Springs waters and the treatment of venereal diseases: the U.S. Public Health Service Clinic and Camp Garraday.

Hot Springs, Arkansas and healing have been almost synonymous since the Indians lived in the area. From the end of World War I until the early 1940s, venereal disease patients flocked to Hot Springs for treatment. The primary focus of this paper is to tell the story of the facilities built to provide treatment. The government at both the federal, state, and local levels had to accommodate the great demand for treatment. The U.S. Public Health Service Clinic and Camp Garraday at Hot Springs were two major facilities built to meet that demand. Almost forgotten today, these two establishments afforded many patients the opportunity for healing unavailable in local situations. The Clinic provided the best treatment available and performed needed research studies on venereal disease during its peak years.
Plate tectonics: A supercontinental boost

180 million years ago Earth's continents were amalgamated into one supercontinent called Pangaea. Analysis of oceanic crust formed since that time suggests that the cooling rate of Earth was enhanced in the wake of Pangaea's dispersal.
Assessing the effects of ocean acidification in the Northeast US using an end-to-end marine ecosystem model

Abstract The effects of ocean acidification on living marine resources present serious challenges for managers of these resources. An understanding of the ecosystem consequences of ocean acidification is required to assess tradeoffs among ecosystem components ( e.g. fishery yield, protected species conservation, sensitive habitat) and adaptations to this perturbation. We used a marine ecosystem model for the Northeast US continental shelf to address direct and indirect effects of species responses to ocean acidification. Focusing on upper trophic level groups that are primary targets of fishing activity, we projected changes for systemic ecological and fisheries indicators. We modeled effects of ocean acidification as either fixed changes in mortality rate or production for select species groups over twenty years. Biomass and fishery yield of species groups that were modeled to have direct acidification impacts and groups that were not directly impacted both declined, due to both increased mortality/decreased growth and a decrease in availability of food for groups that prey on shelled invertebrates. Our analyses show that food web consequences of ocean acidification can extend beyond groups thought most vulnerable, and to fishery yield and ecosystem structure. However, the magnitude and precise nature of ocean acidification effects depend on understanding likely species’ responses to decrease in pH. While predicting the effects of ocean acidification is difficult, the potential impacts on ecosystem structure and function need to be evaluated now to provide scientists and managers preliminary assessments for planning and priority setting. Scenario analysis using simulation models like ours provides a framework for testing hypotheses about ecosystem consequences of acidification, and for integrating results of experiments and monitoring.
Assessing the kinetics of microbubble appearance in cirrhotic patients using transthoracic saline contrast-enhanced echocardiography.

BACKGROUND The number of cardiac cycles that need to be reviewed by echocardiography before a significant intrapulmonary shunt can be excluded remains unclear. METHODS We retrospectively identified patients with cirrhosis who underwent technetium-99 m-labeled macroaggregated albumin scanning. The kinetics of bubble appearance after the injection of agitated saline during transthoracic echocardiograms were assessed in these patients. RESULTS For the 64 eligible patients, the mean ± SD age was 56 ± 9 years. The median (IQR) shunt fraction by radionuclide scanning was 7.7% (2.8%-19.9%). Microbubbles were seen in the left atrium (LA) and left ventricle (LV) at a median (IQR) of 4 (2-5) and 4 (2-5) beats, respectively. The number of heart cycles before microbubbles appeared in the LA or LV was inversely associated with the nuclear scanning shunt fraction (R = -0.42, P = .001, R = -0.46, P < .001, respectively). If no microbubbles were detected by heart cycle 7, the shunt fraction was uniformly less than 3%. Patients with arterial oxygen <60 mm Hg, compared to ≥60 mm Hg, had earlier appearance of microbubbles in the left heart chambers (2.6 ± 1.9 vs 4.0 ± 2.3 beats, P = .046). CONCLUSIONS In patients with advanced cirrhosis suspected of having hepatopulmonary syndrome, a greater shunt fraction during nuclear scanning was associated with more pronounced hypoxemia and a prompt and more intense appearance of microbubbles in the left-sided heart chambers. Patients with a shunt fraction above 3% have microbubbles in the LA or LV at some point during the first seven heart cycles.
Surgical management of neck pain and headache associated with pediatric hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Objectives/hypothesis Case reports of a painful variant of Hashimoto's thyroiditis exist in the literature; however, these cases have only been documented in adult patients and there are no standard treatment guidelines. The aim of this study was to describe an alternative management for Hashimoto's thyroiditis associated with medically intractable head and neck pain in the pediatric population. Study design Case series with chart review. Methods The study was conducted in the Section of Pediatric Otolaryngology at the Cleveland Clinic. We retrospectively analyzed pediatric patients (ages 0-18 years) with painful thyroiditis and/or headache who underwent total thyroidectomy from 2005 to 2014 with a clinical diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. A thorough chart review was performed, including medical and family history, presenting symptoms, laboratory values, medical and surgical treatment strategies, operative reports, and surgical pathology. Results There were 0.02% of patients (5 of 305) who met the criteria of intractable head and or neck pain. All five underwent total thyroidectomy with confirmation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis on surgical pathology. Surgical treatment resulted in complete cervical pain relief and improved headaches with a minimum follow-up of 36 months. Conclusions Hashimoto's thyroiditis is a relatively common form of autoimmune thyroiditis in pediatric patients that uncommonly results in intractable neck pain or headache. In this case series, thyroidectomy was an effective alternative treatment in the pediatric population for medical failures in chronic painful Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Level of evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 128:2213-2217, 2018.
Hustling in repeated zero-sum games with imperfect execution

We study repeated games in which players have imperfect execution skill and one player's true skill is not common knowledge. In these settings the possibility arises of a player "hustling", or pretending to have lower execution skill than they actually have. Focusing on repeated zero-sum games, we provide a hustle-proof strategy; this strategy maximizes a player's payoff, regardless of the true skill level of the other player.
Capillary-contacting horizontal cells in the rodent retina

Horizontal cells, the interneurons in the distal retina, provide feedback control of the photoreceptor synaptic output at the first synapse in the visual pathway. This article, using immunohistological and confocal microscopy techniques, presents anatomical evidence that in rat and mouse retina, the horizontal cell processes are in contact with retinal capillaries as are retinal glial cells. This glia-like property of horizontal cells in these two species, also previously reported in tree shrews by Knabe and Ochs (1999), appear to be a more common theme for these neurons than previously appreciated.
Sex Role Identity by Gender & Socioeconomic Status and the Association with Academic Performance: A Comparison of American and Korean Student Groups

This survey examined sex role identities (androgyny, masculinity, femininity, and undifferentiated), gender, and academic achievement scores from an international sampling of college students. For a comparison, American students and Korean students responded to survey questions on the Bem Sex Role Inventory and the Korean Sex Role Inventory respectively, reported family socio-economic status and achievement scores on the American College Testing (ACT) or Korean Scholastic Ability Test (KSAT). Results in this study indicate that a higher percentage of American students report an androgynous or undifferentiated gender role identity than do Koreans, while Korean students are more likely to show a feminine gender role identity than Americans. Although American students reported higher levels of androgyny in their gender role identity, those who fit the feminine gender role identity group showed higher ACT scores than other gender role identity types. However, in the Korean sample, the masculine gender role identity produced a higher academic achievement for both males and females.
Assessing Trustworthiness in Research: A Pilot Study on CV Verification

When scholars express concern about trust in science, they often focus on whether the public trusts research findings. This study explores a different dimension of trust and examines whether and how frequently researchers misrepresent their research accomplishments when applying for a faculty position. We collected all of the vitae submitted for faculty positions at a large research university for 1 year and reviewed a 10% sample for accuracy. Of the 180 applicants whose vitae we analyzed, 141 (78%) claimed to have at least one publication, and 79 of these 141 (56%) listed at least one publication that was unverifiable or inaccurate in a self-promoting way. We discuss the nature and implications of our findings, and suggest best practices for both applicants and search committees in presenting and reviewing vitae.
The dynamic nuclear periphery as a facilitator of gamete health and rejuvenation.

The nuclear periphery is a hotspot for the accumulation of age-induced damage in eukaryotic cells. The types of damage that occur at the periphery and their phenotypic consequences have begun to be characterized; however, the mechanisms by which cells repair or eliminate nuclear damage remain poorly understood. Using budding yeast meiosis as a natural system to study cellular rejuvenation, we recently discovered a novel nuclear quality control event, in which age-induced damage is sequestered away from dividing chromosomes to a discarded nuclear compartment that we term the GUNC (for “Gametogenesis Uninherited Nuclear Compartment”). Interestingly, extensive nuclear remodeling occurs even in young cells, including a surprising modularity of the nuclear pore complex, suggesting a general contribution to gamete fitness. In this review, we discuss these findings in the context of recent evidence that the nuclear periphery is a highly dynamic region critical for cellular health.
Identifying the Molecular Edge Termination of Exfoliated Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanosheets with Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy and Plane-Wave DFT Calculations

Hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h-BNNS), the isoelectronic analog to graphene, have received interest over the past decade due to their high thermal oxidative resistance, high bandgap, catalyti...
Circadian misalignment: A biological basis for mood vulnerability in shift work.

Background Approximately one in five workers perform night shift work. Epidemiological studies suggest that night shift workers are at a 25-30% higher risk for mental illnesses, including depression and anxiety, which is an increasingly important socioeconomic burden for the workforce. Thus, it is important to determine how shift work negatively affects mood, as it will help identify mechanisms that underlie a night shift worker's higher risk for developing mood disturbances. Methods This opinion discusses recently identified, potential biological mechanisms-including the role of the circadian system and circadian misalignment-underlying mood vulnerability in shift workers. Studies included are recent epidemiological, human laboratory studies and animal preclinical work on night shift work or circadian misalignment. Target biological mechanisms of interest discussed here include circadian misalignment effects on brain activity and brain-gut axis, essential for mood regulation. Results Circadian misalignment, which corresponds to the misalignment between biological (circadian) system and daily sleep-wake behaviours, can adversely affect mood levels and cortical activity underlying mood regulation. Furthermore, animal preclinical work shows that the brain-gut axis function is not only implicated in mood regulation but can disrupt specific metabolites essential for mood regulation when animals are exposed to circadian disruption. Conclusions Circadian misalignment is a key mechanism underlying mood in e.g. shift workers. Therefore, understanding its role and applying sleep/circadian behavioural interventions to mitigate the adverse consequences of circadian misalignment on mood have the potential to improve quality of life, which is tightly associated with mood and sleep quality, in shift workers.
RAS/MAPK Pathway Driver Alterations Are Significantly Associated With Oncogenic KIT Mutations in Germ-cell Tumors.

Abstract Objective To report the mutational profile and clinical outcomes of a cohort of patients with KIT-mutant seminomas and nonseminomatous germ-cell tumors (SGCT/NSGCTs). Patients and Methods Retrospective cohort study of all patients with KIT-mutant GCTs sequenced at Memorial Sloan Kettering between March 2014 and March 2020. Tumors were assessed with MSK-IMPACT, a DNA next-generation sequencing assay for targeted sequencing of up to 468 key cancer genes. Results Among 568 patients with GCTs, 8.1% had somatic KIT mutations, including 28 seminomas and 18 mixed/NSGCTs. Exons 17 (67.3%), 11 (22.4%), and 13 (6.1%) were most commonly affected. KIT-mutant cases were enriched for oncogenic RAS/MAPK pathway alterations compared to KIT-wildtype cases (34.8% vs 19.2%, P = .02). Among KIT-mutant cases, concurrent mutations were noted in KRAS (21.7%), RRAS2 (11.8%), CBL (6.5%), NRAS (4.3%), MAP2K1 (2.2%), and RAC1 (2.2%). Mutations in KRAS, RRAS2, and NRAS were mutually exclusive. In all, 73.9% of patients developed metastases and 95.7% received chemotherapy. No patients received KIT-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Classification as a NSGCT rather than a SGCT was associated with an increased risk of death (hazard ratio 9.1, 95% confidence interval 1.1-78.4, P = .04) while the presence of a concurrent RAS/MAPK pathway alteration was not (hazard ratio 0.8, 95% confidence interval 0.1-4.3, P = .76). Conclusion Mitogenic driver alterations can co-occur with activating KIT mutations, which may explain the lack of efficacy of KIT-directed TKIs in prior trials. Novel KIT-directed TKIs that target exon 17 mutations may benefit chemotherapy-refractory patients with KIT-mutant GCTs without RAS/MAPK alterations. Dual MEK/KIT inhibitor therapy in KIT-mutant GCTs with concurrent RAS/MAPK alterations could also be a plausible therapeutic strategy.
Myxoedematous tamponade as initial presentation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Cardiac tamponade as the initial presentation of hypothyroidism is extremely rare. We report the case of a 48-year-old man admitted for acute respiratory distress, with cardiac ultrasound showing compressive pericardial effusion. Percutaneous pericardiocentesis was performed leading to a rapid clinical improvement. Laboratory tests confirmed severe hypothyroidism related to Hashimoto’s disease. Despite hormone replacement therapy, pericardial effusion recurred after 3 weeks, requiring surgical drainage. Pericardial histology highlighted slight chronic fibrous pericarditis. The cardiac ultrasound scan performed 4 months later showed a well-tolerated chronic pericardial effusion. In conclusion, hypothyroidism should be suspected in case of cardiac tamponade especially in the absence of tachycardia, or in winter when myxoedema is prone to decompensation. Prognosis is generally good under hormone replacement therapy but ultrasound monitoring should be carried out at least until euthyroidism is achieved.
Importance of eliciting history of prior sars-cov-2 infection in evaluation of new diagnosis of interstitial lung disease

Introduction: About 30% of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) had persisting lung abnormalities after acute illness. However, little is known whether SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection will cause long-term pulmonary complications. We present our experience with a patient with a new diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) during the pandemic. Case: A 61-year-old man with history of hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea developed acute onset cough and dyspnea in March 2020. The patient was not initially tested for COVID-19 because of the local department of public health's stay-at-home advisory. Cough resolved but dyspnea persisted. Two months later, polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2 was checked and was negative. Due to ongoing dyspnea, a CT chest was performed 5 months after symptom onset and showed diffuse, mild sub-pleural reticulonodular opacities in upper and lower lungs, concerning for ILD (Figure 1). Pulmonary function testing (PFT) showed normal spirometry and lung volumes, and mild impairment in gas exchange. Work up for causes of ILD, including assessment for exposures and serologies for rheumatologic disease, was unremarkable. IgG antibody for SARS-CoV-2 was detected (25.9 AU/ml;normal<1.00 AU/ml);IgM was undetectable. Work up for other causes of dyspnea included an echocardiogram, CT pulmonary angiogram, and ventilation-perfusion scan that revealed no evidence of structural heart disease or thromboembolic disease. Discussion: Given no other etiology of ILD was identified, it is most plausible that our patient had acute COVID-19 infection in March and developed secondary ILD over the ensuing months. Previous studies of patients with SARS and MERS have found occurrences of pulmonary fibrosis and PFT abnormalities persisting many months after onset of infection. Thus, it is prudent to be vigilant for symptoms of lung disease in patients with a known history of COVID-19 infection. An additional diagnostic challenge, as with the case above, lies with patients who present with new onset ILD but without a confirmation of COVID-19, particularly given the limited access to testing in the early stages of the pandemic. In these patients, we suggest a thorough history that includes screening for symptoms suggestive of prior viral syndromes, particularly with associated anosmia or dysgeusia, that can point to a history of COVID-19 infection. Another option is consideration of serologic testing, although such tests must be interpreted with caution in view of the paucity of supporting evidence and the possibility of both false-positives and false-negatives.
Prevalence, Co-Occurrence, and Correlates of Substance and Behavioral Addictions Among American Indian Adolescents in California.

The present study investigated the prevalence and co-occurrence of addictions to tobacco, alcohol, other drugs, food/eating, the internet, texting, video games, shopping, love, sex, exercise, work,...
The Perfect Storm: Coronavirus and The Elder Catch

The global COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated an already growing phenomenon: the Elder Catch. This term defines the caregiving dilemma faced by adults who are simultaneously working, caring for elder parents or relatives, and in some cases, raising children at the same time. Few scholars have explored how the state uses the traditional family framework to resist providing comprehensive government support for elder care. Women typically bear the brunt of caregiving costs within the family and become physically and mentally vulnerable in the process. COVID-19 has pushed women caught in the Elder Catch to the brink while sheltering at home, and has illuminated the disparities between genders regarding the high level of expectation society places on the availability of unpaid family caregiving. Coronavirus has also highlighted racial inequities for African American and Latino families, where female caregivers are more likely to be essential workers forced to work outside the home, and therefore more likely to contract and spread the virus within their family and surrounding communities. This article uses vulnerability theory to address the caregiving void that American women are facing. By introducing a new term, resistant assets, within the taxonomy of vulnerability theory, this article introduces a diagnostic tool for scholars and policy makers to analyze why it is so difficult to change state and market dependence on unpaid family caregiving and challenge government opposition to expanding social support of the family. Resistant assets are frameworks used by the state to reinforce the status quo and maintain a posture of legal and social non-intervention. The normative and extended family are resistant assets that prevent a revision of the American Social Contract. This article fills a gap in family law scholarship by exploring how analysis of resistant assets within vulnerability theory can contribute to the development of a theoretical foundation for legal change to support family caregivers.
Laterality of motor symptom onset and facial expressivity in Parkinson disease using face digitization

The onset of motor symptoms in Parkinson disease (PD) is typically unilateral. Previous work has suggested that laterality of motor symptoms may also influence non-motor symptoms including cognition and emotion perception. In line with hemispheric differences in emotion processing, we tested whether left side/right brain motor onset was associated with worse expression of facial affect when compared to right side/left brain motor onset. We evaluated movement changes associated with facial affect in 30 patients with idiopathic PD (15 left-sided motor onset, 15 right-sided motor onset) and 20 healthy controls. Participants were videotaped while posing three facial expressions: fear, anger, and happiness. Expressions were digitized and analyzed using software that extracted three variables: two measures of dynamic movement change (total entropy and entropy percent change) and a measure of time to initiate facial expression (latency). The groups did not differ in overall amount of movement change or percentchange. However, left-sided onset PD patients were significantly slower in initiating anger and happiness facial expressions than were right-sided onset PD patients and controls. Our results indicated PD patients with left-sided symptom onset had greater latency in initiating two of three facial expressions, which may reflect laterality effects in intentional behaviour.
SECTION 11.6 – Linear Poroelasticity

This chapter provides an overview of linear poroelasticity. It is a theory that includes the coupling between linear diffusion of a mobile species and the stress and deformation of a linear elasticporous solid. This theory is widely applied not only to soils and rock masses infiltrated by groundwater but also to coupling of fluid flow and deformation in biological materials and diffusion of hydrogen in metals. Although departures from linear behavior are common in actual materials, linear poroelasticity is an improvement over idealizations that neglect either diffusion or deformation entirely. Because parameters describing nonlinear material behavior are difficult to obtain with accuracy, poroelasticity often offers a more practical approach than complex, nonlinear models. The drained elastic constants and two parameters are needed to characterize a linear poroelastic solid. Ideally, the drained elastic constants is measured on a saturated sample deformed very slowly so that no pore pressure changes are induced by fluid flow. In practice, however, the drained elastic constants are often assumed to be equal to the values obtained on dry samples. Furthermore, the insight gained from linear poroelasticity is valuable for interpreting more complex models.
Primary data deduplication-large scale study and system design

We present a large scale study of primary data deduplication and use the findings to drive the design of a new primary data deduplication system implemented in the Windows Server 2012 operating system. File data was analyzed from 15 globally distributed file servers hosting data for over 2000 users in a large multinational corporation. The findings are used to arrive at a chunking and compression approach which maximizes deduplication savings while minimizing the generated metadata and producing a uniform chunk size distribution. Scaling of deduplication processing with data size is achieved using a RAM frugal chunk hash index and data partitioning - so that memory, CPU, and disk seek resources remain available to fulfill the primary workload of serving IO. We present the architecture of a new primary data deduplication system and evaluate the deduplication performance and chunking aspects of the system.
Characterization of GTOs for soft switching applications

An examination is made of modifications possible in GTO (gate-turn-off) specifications as a result of application in soft switching topologies. Turn-off is characterized as a function of (dv/dt, di/dt) controlled by the external resonant elements and gate drive circuits. Turn-on is characterized for low-voltage switching and external gate drive circuit influence. Device interaction with the various operating modes of the soft switching topologies is examined. >
Queering Buddhism or Buddhist De-Queering?

This article examines how multiple axes of difference — race, ethnicity, class, gender, and sexuality — operate in the religious/spiritual lives of western convert LGBTQI Buddhists. Through an ethnographic study of a diverse LGBTQI Buddhist group in Oakland, California, it will reflect on emerging differences between western convert Buddhist LGBTQI practitioners. In particular, it examines how distinct populations of LGBTQI practitioners utilize the non-essentialist philosophy of Buddhism, showing how it can operate both conservatively as a way to reinforce heteronormativity and subversively as a way to challenge heteronormativity.
Using Mostly Native Data to Correct Errors in Learners' Writing

We present results from a range of experiments on article and preposition error correction for non-native speakers of English. We first compare a language model and errorspecific classifiers (all trained on large English corpora) with respect to their performance in error detection and correction. We then combine the language model and the classifiers in a meta-classification approach by combining evidence from the classifiers and the language model as input features to the metaclassifier. The meta-classifier in turn is trained on error-annotated learner data, optimizing the error detection and correction performance on this domain. The meta-classification approach results in substantial gains over the classifieronly and language-model-only scenario. Since the meta-classifier requires error-annotated data for training, we investigate how much training data is needed to improve results over the baseline of not using a meta-classifier. All evaluations are conducted on a large errorannotated corpus of learner English.
Detection of sialidase (neuraminidase) activity in Actinomyces species by using 2'-(4-methylumbelliferyl)alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid in a filter paper spot test

A rapid method for the detection of acetylneuraminyl hydrolase, EC 3.2.1.18 (sialidase or neuraminidase), was developed by using 2'-(4-methylumbelliferyl)alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid as substrate in a filter paper spot test. The method was compared to conventional assays that use 2'-(4-methylumbelliferyl)alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid and bovine submaxillary mucin and was found to be in excellent agreement. Organisms with greater than 10 U of enzyme activity (in nanomoles per minute per milligram of cell protein) gave positive reactions, while those with 2.7 to 9.0 U gave only weak reactions. Isolates with less than 2.7 U of activity were detected upon prolonged incubation. Sialidase activity was detected in 79% of 71 clinical isolates representing five species of Actinomyces. The percentage of sialidase-producing isolates of each species varied considerably: Actinomyces israelii, 63%; A. meyeri, 73%; A. naeslundii, 85%; A. odontolyticus, 73%; and A. viscosus, 100%.
Observations and interpretation of the line profiles of excited H2 in Orion

The profiles of the V=1-0 S(1) line of H2 in the Orion molecular cloud show a variation from the center of the emission region where the profiles are broad and have extended blue wings, to the periphery where the profiles are narrow and have a peak at the velocity of the molecular cloud. These observations can be understood by a model of a radially expanding supersonic flow of gas colliding with the surrounding molecular cloud. It is concluded that the high velocity emission originates in the flow and the low velocity emission originates in the molecular cloud. Density variations in the flow and the surrounding cloud are necessary to explain the detailed line profiles and morphology.
The Analysis of Pharmaceutical Substances and Formulated Products by Vibrational Spectroscopy

The sections in this article are Introduction Pharmacopoeial Considerations Bulk Sample Analysis Drug Substance Characterization Functional Group Analysis Hydrogen Bonding and Zwitterions Polymorphism, Salts, Hydrates, and Solvates Chirality Methods to Probe Solid-Phase Phenomena Process Analytical Technology Applications Formulation Analysis Microscopic Sample Analysis Drug Substance Characterization Forensic Analysis Conclusions Acknowledgments Keywords: FT-IR spectroscopy; FT-IR microscopy; Raman spectroscopy; Raman microscopy; near-infrared spectroscopy; NIR spectroscopy; FT-IR vibrational circular dichroism; Raman optical activity; pharmaceuticals; pharmacopoeia; single-reflection ATR; functional group analysis; polymorphism; process analytical chemistry; process analytical technology (PAT); formulation analysis
High-Dose versus Low-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation and Arterial Stiffness among Individuals with Prehypertension and Vitamin D Deficiency

Introduction. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with the onset and progression of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, mechanisms underlying vitamin D deficiency-mediated increased risk of CVD remain unknown. We sought to examine the differential effect of high-dose versus low-dose vitamin D supplementation on markers of arterial stiffness among ~40 vitamin D deficient adults with prehypertension. Methods. Participants were randomized to high-dose (4000 IU/d) versus low-dose (400 IU/d) oral vitamin D3 for 6 months. 24 hr ambulatory blood pressure (BP), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, and pulse wave analyses were obtained at baseline and after 6 months of vitamin D supplementation. Results. There were no changes in resting BP or pulse wave velocity over 6 mo regardless of vitamin D dose (all ). High-dose vitamin D decreased augmentation index and pressure by 12.3 ± 5.3% () and 4.0 ± 1.5 mmHg (), respectively. However, these decreases in arterial stiffness were not associated with increases in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D over 6 mo (). Conclusion. High-dose vitamin D supplementation appears to lower surrogate measures of arterial stiffness but not indices of central pulse wave velocity. Clinical Trial Registration. This trial is registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (Unique Identifier: NCT01240512).
Simulation of a multispectral, multicamera, off-road autonomous vehicle perception system with Virtual Autonomous Navigation Environment (VANE)

We present a case-study in using specialized, physics-based software for high-fidelity environment and electro-optical sensor modeling in order to produce simulated sensor data that can be used to train a multi-spectral perception system for unmanned ground vehicle navigation. This case-study used the Virtual Autonomous Navigation Environment (VANE) to simulate filtered, multi-spectral imaging sensors. The VANE utilizes ray-tracing and hyperspectral material properties to capture the sensor-environment interaction. In this study we focus on a digital scene of the ERDC test track in Vicksburg, MS that has extremely detailed representation of the vegetation and ground texture. The scene model is used to generate imagery that simulates the output of specialized terrain perception hardware developed by Southwest Research Institute, which consists of stereo pair of 3-channel cameras. The perception system utilizes stereo processing, the multi-spectral responses, and image texture features in order to create a 3-dimensional world model suitable for offroad vehicle navigation, providing depth information and an estimated terrain class label for every pixel by utilizing machine learning. While the process of training the perception system generally involves hand-labeling data collected through manned missions, the ability to generate data for certain environments and lighting conditions represents an enabling technology for deployment in new theaters. We demonstrate an initial capability to simulate data and train the perception system and present the results compared to the system trained with real-world data from the same location.
Stage II carcinoma of the cervix: analysis of the value of pretreatment extraperitoneal lymph node sampling and adjunctive surgery following irradiation.

Abstract This is a retrospective analysis of the results of treatment of 24 patients with bulky stage 11 carcinoma of the cervix treated with full course irradiation followed by adjunctive surgery between 1975 and 1980. A review of the surgical specimens following irradiation showed that 12 patients had no residual cancer, five had only microscopic foci of cancer, and five had extensive residual cancer. Two patients had unresectable persistent cancer. Six patients had histological evidence of lymph node metastases prior to irradiation. The surgical-pathological findings following irradiation had important prognostic implications. All five patients with extensive residual cancer in the surgical specimen recurred, 2 of 5 patients with only microscopic foci of residual cancer and, none of the 12 patients with no residual cancer in the resected specimens developed a recurrence. Lymph node involvement was not associated with an increased incidence of recurrence. Most patients with residual cancer following full course irradiation recurred locally. Thus the addition of adjunctive surgery following full course irradiation did not significantly improve the treatment results of patients with bulky stage 11 carcinoma of the cervix.
Abstracts of the 22nd Annual Meeting of the Willi Hennig Society

The 22nd annual meeting of the Willi Hennig Society was held at the New York Botanical Garden in the Bronx, New York from July 20–24. There were 154 participants representing 15 countries and a total of 65 talks, 16 posters, and four software presentations. There were five symposia ranging from sequence alignment to worm biology to biogeography. As with Hennig 21 at Helsinki, there was strong student participation. Student posters represented 13 of the total 16 posters and 23 of 65 oral presentations were by students. Student presentations were part of all symposia. The strength and future of the Willi Hennig Society resides in the students and recent meetings indicate a healthy society for the future. The Student Awards Committee consisted of Jonathan A. Coddington, Arnold G. Kluge and Gunilla Stahls. The winners were Taran Grant, the Hennig Prize ($1000) for “Insertions and deletions in the evolution of equal-length DNA fragments”; Johannes Bergsten, the Brundin Prize ($500) for “Acilius Phylogeny (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), Problems with Long-branch attraction and Morphological Intersexual Coevolution”; and A. R. Lindgren, the Rosen Prize ($250) for “A New Phylogeny of the Cephalopoda Using Total Evidence”.
Application of WBE sequence sets to collusion-resistant fingerprinting

Digital fingerprinting has been widely used to protect multimedia content from being used for unauthorized purposes. Digital fingerprints are often embedded in the host media signal using watermarking techniques that are known to be resistant to a variety of processing attacks. However, one cost-effective strategy to attack digital fingerprints is collusion, where several colluders average their individual copies to disrupt the underlying fingerprints. Recently, a new class of fingerprinting codes, called anti-collusion codes (ACC), has been proposed for use with code-modulated data embedding. In designing digital fingerprints that are resistant to collusion attacks, there are several important design considerations: how can we accommodate as many users as possible for a given fingerprint dimensionality, and how can we identify the colluders effectively from the colluded signal? In this work, we identify an underlying similarity between the colluder detection problem and the multiuser detection problem from code division multiple access (CDMA). We propose that fingerprints can be constructed using sequence sets satisfying the Welch Bound Equality (WBE). WBE sequences have been shown to be optimal in synchronous CDMA. In order to identify the colluders when employing WBE-based ACC, we further propose a detection algorithm utilizing sphere decoding that identifies the colluders from the colluded signal. We evaluate the performance of the proposed WBE-based ACC fingerprints with our proposed detection algorithm through simulations, and show that the algorithm performs well at moderate noise levels. Finally, we compare our design scheme against orthogonal fingerprints and the BIBD anti-collusion codes proposed earlier, and show that the proposed WBE-based ACC and detection algorithm have better performance than BIBD-based ACC under the same configuration.© (2004) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Unintended Pregnancies, Restrictive Abortion Laws, and Abortion Demand

This study examines the effect restrictive state abortion laws have on the pregnancy resolution decisions of women with unintended pregnancies. The empirical results find that the abortion ratio and the abortion rate of unintended pregnancies are more sensitive to increases in the abortion price than previous estimates that analyzed total pregnancies (unintended and intended). A Medicaid funding restriction has very little effect on a state's abortion rate of unintended pregnancies, but causes a larger decrease in the number of abortions of unintended pregnancies than previous estimates. A parental involvement law is associated with a significant reduction in a state's abortion ratio and the abortion rate of unintended pregnancies, which suggests that the law may have a behavioral modification effect. Neither a mandatory counseling law nor a two-visit law has a significant effect on a state's abortion ratio and the abortion rate of unintended pregnancies.