cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Data Updating and Deleting with Visual C#.NET

This chapter discusses how to update and delete data against the databases. Basically, many different methods are provided and supported by Visual Basic.NET and .NET Framework to help users to perform the data updating and deleting against the database. The chapter provides discussions on data updating and deleting using methods 1 and 2, or in other words, using the TableAdapter.Update() and TableAdapter.Delete() methods provided by the Visual Studio.NET Design Tools and Wizards. It presents the data updating and deleting using the run time object method to develop command objects to execute the ExecuteNonQuery() method dynamically. The chapter discusses updating and deleting data using the stored procedures and the LINQ to SQL query. It focuses on the coding for the Update and Delete buttons. The chapter also provides a detailed introduction about the Design Tools and Wizards in Visual Studio.NET.
The excitation of equatorial waves by deep convection in the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM3)

The forcing of equatorial waves by convective heating in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model (CCM3) is investigated and compared with the forcing deduced from observations of convective clouds. The analysis is performed on two different simulations, wherein convection is represented by the Zhang‐McFarlane and the Hack parameterization schemes, respectively. Spectra of equatorial waves excited by convective heating (Rossby, Kelvin, and gravity waves) are obtained by projecting the heating field onto Hough modes; the dynamical response to the heating is then calculated in terms of the vertical component of the Eliassen‐Palm flux, Fz, focusing on waves that are able to propagate into the middle atmosphere. The same analysis is repeated using observations of outgoing longwave radiation as a proxy for tropical convection. Comparison of CCM3 results with those derived from observations indicates that high-frequency heating variability is underestimated in both CCM3 simulations, despite the fact that time-mean values of convective heating are well represented. Moreover, the two convective parameterization schemes differ substantially from each other: Compared to observations, Fz is severely underestimated at most frequencies when CCM3 is run with the Zhang‐McFarlane scheme. When the Hack scheme is used, Fz at frequencies |v| , 0.5 cycles per day is comparable to the observations, but it is underestimated at higher frequencies. Misrepresentation of the variability of convective heating is likely to have important consequences for the dynamical simulation of the middle atmosphere and even the troposphere.
miR-155 Promotes T Follicular Helper Cell Accumulation during Chronic, Low-Grade Inflammation

Chronic inflammation is a contributing factor to most life-shortening human diseases. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that sustain chronic inflammatory responses remain poorly understood, making it difficult to treat this deleterious condition. Using a mouse model of age-dependent inflammation that results from a deficiency in miR-146a, we demonstrate that miR-155 contributed to the progressive inflammatory disease that emerged as Mir146a(-/-) mice grew older. Upon analyzing lymphocytes from inflamed versus healthy middle-aged mice, we found elevated numbers of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, germinal center (GC) B cells, and autoantibodies, all occurring in a miR-155-dependent manner. Further, Cd4-cre Mir155(fl/fl) mice were generated and demonstrated that miR-155 functions in T cells, in addition to its established role in B cells, to promote humoral immunity in a variety of contexts. Taken together, our study discovers that miR-146a and miR-155 counterregulate Tfh cell development that drives aberrant GC reactions during chronic inflammation.
Nitric oxide signaling in brain: potentiating the gain with YC-1.

The remarkable discovery of endothelial derived relaxing factor by Furchgott and Zawadzki ([1980][1]) initiated research that ultimately led to the discovery of nitric oxide (NO) as an endogenous mediator ([Ignarro, 1993][2]; [Moncada and Higgs, 1993][3]; [McDonald and Murad, 1995][4]). In the
Ischemic stroke after use of the synthetic marijuana “spice”

Objectives: To report and associate acute cerebral infarctions in 2 young, previously healthy siblings with use of the street drug known as “spice” (a synthetic marijuana product, also known as “K2”), which they independently smoked before experiencing acute embolic-appearing ischemic strokes. Methods: We present history, physical examination, laboratory data, cerebrovascular imaging, echocardiogram, ECG, and hospital course of these patients. Results: We found that in both siblings spice was obtained from the same source. The drug was found to contain the schedule I synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018. Full stroke workup was unrevealing of a stroke etiology; urine drug screen was positive for marijuana. Conclusions: We found that our 2 patients who smoked the street drug spice had a temporal association with symptoms of acute cerebral infarction. This association may be confounded by contaminants in the product consumed (i.e., marijuana or an unidentified toxin) or by an unknown genetic mechanism. The imaging of both patients suggests an embolic etiology, which is consistent with reports of serious adverse cardiac events with spice use, including tachyarrhythmias and myocardial infarctions.
Effect of weak diodes on the performance of CdTe thin-film modules

A 2-D numerical circuit model is used to study the effect of weak-diodes on the efficiency of a CdTe thin-film module. Numerical calculations of module-efficiency loss due to weak-diodes of different levels of voltage loss and fractional module area are shown. It is shown that absolute module-efficiency loss Δη (%) varies in systematic fashion with these weak-diode parameters. It was also shown that for given values of fractional area and severity of weak-diodes Δη is a strong function of the distribution pattern. A reliable parameter P to characterize the distribution of weak-diodes is introduced, and its effect on Δη, as well as individual-parameter (FF, VOC) losses, is presented. The partial isolation effect of weak-diodes due to higher transparent-conductive-oxide (TCO) sheet resistance is demonstrated.
A Case Study in System-Level Physics-Based Simulation of a Biomimetic Robot

Biomimetic robots are a new and challenging frontier for robotic systems. Designs inspired by nature are creating new approaches to problems such as to planetary surface exploration, minimally invasive surgery, or inspection of piping and cabling. However, these new biomimetic robotic systems are a challenge to design, simulate, and control. This paper presents a case-study in the design and physics-based simulation of a unique snake-inspired robot. The Drexel Snake Robot is a novel hybrid capable of both undulatory and rectilinear motion. In order to design gaits, test control algorithms and perform path planning for this robot, we develop a system-level physics-based simulation that captures engineering phenomena across many disciplines: mechanical, electrical, software, electronics, and the robot's external environment. As the snake robot moves, there is considerable slippage between its feet and the ground. Consequently, contact and friction forces play a significant role in dictating the path followed by the robot for a given set of joint motions. A closed-form equation (or set of equations) describing the robot's motion in this environment cannot be derived in a simple manner. Consequently, the material presented here are based the comparison of experimental and simulation results. While developing the simulation model, we detail the process of extracting necessary physical, kinematic and dynamics properties directly from the robot's computer-aided design. This process is not straightforward and the paper documents the issues and lessons learned that will be of use to others wishing to create full virtual models for their systems. Finally, we show how to calibrate the simulation model for fidelity and accuracy with several examples showing that it can be used to test gait and mobility patterns and identify nonobvious secondary phenomena to emerge from the design.
Understanding and explaining surface tension and capillarity: an introduction to fundamental physics for water professionals

Understanding and explaining surface tension and capillarity are not easy tasks. In this manuscript, an attempt is made to explain such phenomena for the generally educated professional. Following a conceptual explanation of the molecular basis of surface tension, it is shown that the true force exerted by the solid walls of a capillary tube on the liquid causing capillary rise is the difference in the surface tensions of the solid-liquid and solid–vapor interfaces leading to free surface energy reduction on wetting the solid walls of the capillary bore, and not the pressure drop at the curved interface. It is also shown that the water in the capillary tube is suspended from the meniscus and is under tension, rather than being pushed up the capillary from below. The energy necessary for capillary rise, being derived from the diminution of surface energy that accompanies the movement of liquid in the capillary, emphasizes the important role of wetting in characterizing surface phenomena. A recommended explanation of capillary rise incorporates the reduction in free surface energy on wetting the inside walls of the capillary bore, where the opposition offered to spreading by the weight of the raised liquid is smaller (because of the narrowness of the bore) than that of the outside walls.
Basic FGF and TGF-beta 1 influence commitment to melanogenesis in neural crest-derived cells of avian embryos.

In previous studies, we showed that neural crest (NC)-derived cells from embryonic quail dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and peripheral nerve (PN), which do not normally give rise to melanocytes, become committed to melanogenesis following treatment in culture with the phorbol ester drug 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). These and other observations support the notion that melanocytes and Schwann cells are derived from a common bipotent intermediate in the neural crest lineage—the melanocyte/Schwann cell progenitor. In this study, we test the possibility that peptide growth factors found in the embryonic environment might act similarly to TPA to influence the fates of these cells. DRG and PN explants were cultured in medium supplemented with a variety of growth factors, and then the cultures were examined for the presence of pigment cells. We found that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), but not various other growth factors, induced pigmentation in about 20% of these cultures. When low concentrations of TPA were included in the culture medium, bFGF augmented the TPA-induced pigmentation, significantly increasing the proportion of pigmented cultures. These effects of bFGF were age-dependent, and could be blocked by addition of a bFGF-neutralizing antibody to the culture medium. In contrast to these stimulatory effects of bFGF, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) was found to inhibit the TPA- or bFGF-induced pigmentation of DRG cultures. These data suggest, therefore, that at least some NC-derived cells are responsive to bFGF and TGF-beta 1, and that these growth factors may play an important role in the control of NC cell fate.
MAKING USE OF EVOLUTION1

Certainly it is an absurdity of our time that 99% of scientists take the basic facts of evolution as self-evident truths, whereas approaching half of the American public are equally adamant about their denial of the possibility that humans evolved from apes. That this proportion is just 20% in Europe and Japan strongly suggests that there is something culturally and/or educationally amiss in America (Miller et al. 2006). Are "they" stupid, ignorant, confused, on to something, or just brainwashed by a well-organized sociopolitical movement? Or are "we" at fault for taking an intellectually superior stance aimed at driving the opposition back into their dark dungeons of dogmatic delinquency? Most of us recognize by now that debate based on scientific correctness rarely accomplishes much and may actually just feed the beast.
A pharmacoepidemiological network model for drug safety surveillance: statins and rhabdomyolysis.

Background: Recent withdrawals of major drugs have highlighted the critical importance of drug safety surveillance in the postmarketing phase. Limitations of spontaneous report data have led drug safety professionals to pursue alternative postmarketing surveillance approaches based on healthcare administrative claims data. These data are typically analysed by comparing the adverse event rates associated with a drug of interest to those of a single comparable reference drug.
Not one, but many: Understanding Base of the Pyramid market selection

In this paper, we follow Prahalad's original proposition that the Base of the Pyramid (BOP) is an untapped market for multinationals, and we explore the extent to which traditional international ma...
The Coachella Valley (Calfornia) Hippelates Fly Project

Since the opening of this project in June 1926 frequent trips have been made to this valley for the purpose of determining the breeding habits of Hippelates pusio , a very annoying and abundant insect. Although a careful study has been made of many situations, its source still remains a mystery. Due to the very high summer temperatures of this dry region the lack of suitable laboratory facilities has proved a distinct handicap. With funds voted by the Riverside County Board of Supervisors an adobe laboratory suitable for desert investigations has now been built for this project, and funds for maintenance will be provided by an abatement district.
Molecular Profiling in Cutaneous Melanoma

Molecular profiling of malignant tumors is gaining increasing interest in oncology. In recent years, several molecular techniques have been studied in melanoma, with the goal to improve upon the diagnostic and prognostic abilities of currently available clinical and histopathologic parameters. Reliable tests performed early in the diagnosis and management of melanoma could lead to decreased morbidity and mortality by selecting appropriate patients for more-aggressive therapy and sparing those for whom it is not indicated. This article reviews the molecular diagnostic and prognostic techniques currently available for melanoma and evaluates their potential role in clinical practice.
Free Radicals: From Health to Disease

Over the past 40 years, there has been a tremendous amount of research on the dual role of free radicals as both toxic and beneficial species. Free radicals are produced as by-products of normal cellular metabolism or generated by chemicals in our external environment (e.g., cigarette smoke, air and water pollution, exposure to sunlight, gamma-irradiation, and certain chemotherapeutic drugs). At low to intermediate concentrations, free radicals exert their effects through regulation of cell signaling cascades. At high concentrations, they damage all macromolecules, inducing DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, protein modification, and eventually cell death. Free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of conditions, such as aging, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. Aerobic organisms have evolved sophisticated antioxidant systems to protect themselves from cellular damage and death caused by free radicals. The ability to estimate chemical biomarkers of free radical damage in body fluids and tissues is an important step in understanding the mechanisms contributing to disease processes. This review of a large amount of research studies discusses formation of free radicals in normal cells, their basic properties, toxic effects on cellular processes, potential beneficial role in signaling and phagocytosis, and the part the oxidative stress plays in some major disease processes.
Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) essential oil yields affected by environmental and physiological changes

ABSTRACTLoblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is one of the most abundant timber species in the United States and needles from this species contain essential oils (EOs) with antibacterial properties. Needles from trees of one loblolly pine clone were assayed for the EOs α-pinene, β-pinene, terpineol, limonene, and caryophyllene across a growing season. Results showed strong positive correlations among EOs, except for caryophyllene, with Pearson’s correlation values ranging from .66–.96. Simultaneously, physiological attributes of tree stomatal conductance, water stress, and environmental attributes including soil moisture, photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity were measured. The plants modulated the EO concentrations as a function of a changing environment season. The collection month had the largest effect on EO yields and highest yields were during the beginning of the growing season. Decreases in EOs were evident as the growing season progressed and as plants ex...
Forensic body fluid identification and differentiation by Raman spectroscopy

Abstract The ability to identify body fluid traces at crime scenes, and preserve any DNA present, is critically important in forensic science. Identification can be difficult because many of the current techniques are specific to one body fluid, and typical biochemical methods are destructive – preventing any further analysis. To develop a universal, confirmatory, nondestructive, approach that can be used to differentiate and identify body fluids, we combined the specificity of Raman spectroscopy with the analytical power of statistical modeling. Raman spectra were collected from 75 body fluid samples, including peripheral blood, saliva, semen, sweat, and vaginal fluid. After preprocessing, samples were split into calibration and validation datasets. Several chemometric analysis techniques were trained and tested to find the best model. Combining classification modeling with variable selection resulted in a single, robust, technique. This enhanced model accurately predicted the identity of 99.9% of the spectra from the calibration dataset, after cross-validation. More importantly, it correctly predicted the identity of 100% of the spectra in the external validation dataset. All five body fluids were successfully discriminated by coupling Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics. This technique is both reliable and nondestructive, offering substantial advantages over the current techniques used to identify body fluids.
Logical Reduction of Biological Networks to Their Most Determinative Components

Boolean networks have been widely used as models for gene regulatory networks, signal transduction networks, or neural networks, among many others. One of the main difficulties in analyzing the dynamics of a Boolean network and its sensitivity to perturbations or mutations is the fact that it grows exponentially with the number of nodes. Therefore, various approaches for simplifying the computations and reducing the network to a subset of relevant nodes have been proposed in the past few years. We consider a recently introduced method for reducing a Boolean network to its most determinative nodes that yield the highest information gain. The determinative power of a node is obtained by a summation of all mutual information quantities over all nodes having the chosen node as a common input, thus representing a measure of information gain obtained by the knowledge of the node under consideration. The determinative power of nodes has been considered in the literature under the assumption that the inputs are independent in which case one can use the Bahadur orthonormal basis. In this article, we relax that assumption and use a standard orthonormal basis instead. We use techniques of Hilbert space operators and harmonic analysis to generate formulas for the sensitivity to perturbations of nodes, quantified by the notions of influence, average sensitivity, and strength. Since we work on finite-dimensional spaces, our formulas and estimates can be and are formulated in plain matrix algebra terminology. We analyze the determinative power of nodes for a Boolean model of a signal transduction network of a generic fibroblast cell. We also show the similarities and differences induced by the alternative complete orthonormal basis used. Among the similarities, we mention the fact that the knowledge of the states of the most determinative nodes reduces the entropy or uncertainty of the overall network significantly. In a special case, we obtain a stronger result than in previous works, showing that a large information gain from a set of input nodes generates increased sensitivity to perturbations of those inputs.
Chronic Granulomatous Disease – from a Fatal Disease to a Curable One

Abstract In 1957, a “new syndrome” of recurrent infections was recognized and named “fatal granulomatous disease of childhood”. It took ten more years to figure out that neutrophils from these patients (now described as having chronic granulomatous disease [CGD]), were able to digest but not kill staphylococci and other microorganisms. This discovery led to the recognition that CGD neutrophils were endowed with reduced oxidative activity due to a defect in NADPH oxidase, which was recognized as a multicomponent enzyme required for neutrophil killing. By 1990, all proteins (and their genes) that created this enzyme complex were identified as membrane bound (cytochrome b558, comprised of gp91phox and p22phox) and cytosolic (p47phox, p67phox and p40phox) components. Sorting out the molecular basis of X-linked and autosomal recessive CGD not only facilitated diagnosis, but allowed genotype/phenotype correlation, and contributed to selection of optimal therapies, including antimicrobial prophylaxis, interferon-γ, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and gene therapy.
Memorix: A tangible memory game using iSIG-Blocks

This paper presents a tangible, computerized memory game, called Memorix. Memorix aims to measure the player's spatial and working memory span by displaying geometric patterns on the tabletop platform and requiring the player to memorize and rebuild the patterns. The tangible game technology used for Memorix consists of a set of iSIG-Blocks with an interactive tabletop platform and TAPware. iSIG-Blocks are sensor-embedded creation blocks with motion sensing and wireless communication capabilities. The interactive tabletop platform serves as a game display while interfacing with the blocks. TAPware is a tangible programming tool for designing game items incorporating a computational measure of geometric complexity (C i ) that takes into account the pattern length, the number of distinctive colors, and the number of distinctive shapes used in the item. This computational measure can potentially serve as a guideline for generating game items with a fine-tuned difficulty level for each individual or group. Memorix and its associated technology have been evaluated via a small-scale human subject study (N = 12). Accuracy in correctness and manipulation speed measurements were over 98%. A high correlation between the game performance and C i was also found (r = 0.84, p < 0.01). Parameter sensitivity analysis revealed that the participants' failure rate was more sensitive to colors than length or geometric shape used in the game item.
Neoliberalism as a Paradigm for Human Affliction: Third-Order Suffering as the New Normal

Identifying neoliberal capitalism as an extension and radical transformation of war capitalism, Rogers-Vaughn posits neoliberalization as a highly efficient regime for the global production of suffering and subsequent privatization of death and violence. Rogers-Vaughn explores how contemporary capitalism exacerbates the sufferings of entire populations of people, and shapes the ways we attend to, ignore, or legitimate suffering. Neoliberalization, he concludes, is creating a new third order of suffering that both coexists with and transforms first- and second-order suffering, such that their present forms are more difficult to recognize and address. Rogers-Vaughn draws on Dany-Robert Dufour’s notions of deinstitutionalization, desymbolization, and desubjectivation to demonstrate the weakening and erosion of deep symbols and words of power, and how this erosion compromises human capacity for narration and meaning-making.
Islamic Law (the Shari‘ah ) After Independence

This chapter examines the structure of Islamic law during colonial rule and the impact that British rule had on its application. It looks into the solid structure and changes that the British laid down for the application of Islamic law in the north.
Grocery Cooperatives as Governing Institutions in Neighborhood Commercial Corridors

We explore cooperatives’ potential to play governing roles in neighborhood commercial corridors (NCCs) by examining one grocery cooperative in Philadelphia that has had stores on three NCCs in the ...
Determinants of and outcomes associated with chemoimmunotherapy dose density in elderly subjects with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

8061 Background: RCHOP is the standard first line therapy for DLBCL but elderly patients often receive suboptimal doses. Relative dose intensity (RDI) less than 70-90% has previously been associate...
Onsite Energy Storage in Today's Market

Renewable energy has become increasingly more popular over the past decade with growing public interest and new regulations on conventional power generation, such as coal or nuclear. Renewable energy from photovoltaic and wind is a quickly growing market and is supplying more power to the grid every day. The fluctuations from renewable power generations sources make it difficult to utilize all the potential power generated as conventional power is needed to maintain the demand on the grid. To efficiently utilize all the potential generation from these renewable sources, it is necessary to establish a means of storing the energy that is captured to utilize it for future use. These systems can be located across the grid and onsite where the electric is being consumed. Energy storage systems provide wholesale market opportunities plus other benefits such as energy arbitrage, reduced transmission congestion, low local marginal prices, and both voltage and frequency regulation. There are potential value of on-site energy storage devices as a load-management tool for all sectors of the market to reduce costs for individual customers and for the utility.
Increasing Emergency Department Visits for Anaphylaxis, 2005-2014

MS Motosue, G Bellolio, HK Van Houten, ND Shah, RL Campbell. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2017;5(1):171–175 To identify trends regarding anaphylaxis-related emergency department (ED) visits from 2005 to 2014. Population data were drawn from OptumLabs Data Warehouse, a national administrative claims database of >100 000 000 pediatric and adult patients in the United States (including those with Medicare Advantage and private insurance) and with a higher representation from the Midwest and the South. ED visits between 2005 and 2014 were included if patients had medical insurance for at least 30 days before the visit. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, …
Microstructural evaluation of hydrogen embrittlement and successive recovery in advanced high strength steel

Abstract Advanced high strength steels (AHSS) have high susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement, and are often exposed to hydrogen environments in processing. In order to study the embrittlement and recovery of steel, tensile tests were conducted on two different types of AHSS over time after hydrogen charging. Concentration measurements and hydrogen microprinting were carried out at the same time steps to visualize the hydrogen behavior during recovery. The diffusible hydrogen concentration was found to decay exponentially, and empirical relations were found for both types of steel. Hydrogen concentration decay rates were determined to be -0.355 /hr in TBF-980, and -0.225 /hr in DP-980. Hydrogen concentration thresholds for embrittlement were found to be 1.04 mL/100 g for TBF, and 0.87 mL/100 g for DP steel. TBF steel is predicted to recover from embrittlement within 4.2 h, compared to 7.2 h in DP steel. A two-factor method of evaluating recovery from embrittlement, requiring hydrogen concentration threshold and decay rate, is explained for use in predicting recovery after exposure to hydrogen. Anisotropic hydrogen diffusion rates were also observed on the surface of both steels for a short time after charging, as hydrogen left the surface through and grains faster than grains with orientations. This could be explained by differences in surface energies between the different orientations.
Gesture Recognition Using Ambient Light

There is a growing interest in the scientific community to develop techniques for humans to communicate with the computing that is embedding into our environments. Researchers are already exploring ubiquitous modalities, such as radio frequency signals, to develop gesture recognition systems. In this paper, we explore another such modality, namely ambient light, and develop LiGest, an ambient light based gesture recognition system. The key property of LiGest is that it is agnostic to lighting conditions, position and orientation of user, and who performs the gestures. The general idea behind LiGest is that when a user performs different gestures, the shadows of the user move in unique patterns. LiGest first learns these patterns using training samples and then recognizes unknown samples by matching them with the learnt patterns. To capture these patterns, LiGest uses a grid of light sensors deployed on floor. While the general idea behind LiGest seems straightforward, it is actually very challenging to put it into practice because the intensity, size, and number of shadows of a user are not fixed and depend highly on the position and orientation of a user as well as on the intensity, position, and number of light sources. We developed a prototype of LiGest using commercially available light sensors and extensively evaluated it with the help of 20 volunteers. Our results show that LiGest achieves an average accuracy of 96.36% across all volunteers.
DD34: Gold Ass – der treudoofe Bestandskunde (Mai 2007)

„Sagen Sie, wieso bekommen Neukunden bei Ihnen bessere Angebote?“ – „Wir werben sie an und mussen sie gut behandeln, bis sie Bestandskunden sind, also treu.“ – „Sagen Sie, warum muss ich erst jahrelang unbestimmt als Praktikant bei Ihnen kostenlos arbeiten?“ – „Sie bekommen von uns Hoffnung. Solange bleiben Sie hier. Danach ersetzen wir Sie durch einen Hoffnungslosen.“
Vortex Dynamics in the Wake of a Cylinder

Two-dimensional and three-dimensional vortical instabilities in wakes have been a subject of interest to engineers and scientists for a great many years. Although the problem of an unseparated wake behind a splitter plate or symmetric airfoil is amenable to analytical studies, for example stability analysis, the wake of a nominally two-dimensional (2-D) or three-dimensional (3-D) bluff body poses rather a greater analytical challenge. Approaches to this problem have been principally experimental, although there has recently been a surge of activity in numerical simulation and analysis. Bluff body wakes are complex; they involve the interactions of three shear layers in the same problem, namely a boundary layer, a separating free shear layer, and a wake. As has been recently remarked by Roshko (1992), “the problem of bluff body flow remains almost entirely in the empirical, descriptive realm of knowledge.” Although a ‘solution’ to this problem is elusive, our knowledge of this flow is extensive. In the case of the circular cylinder wake alone, there have been literally hundreds (possibly thousands) of papers. This wealth of papers is in part due to the engineering significance of cylinder flow, and in part due to the tempting simplicity of setting up such an arrangement in an experimental or computational laboratory. Rather than attempt here to describe the vortex dynamics in both unseparated and separated wakes for all the different types of 3-D and nominally 2-D body shapes, an overview will be presented of the vortex dynamics phenomena in the wake of a circular cylinder, over a wide range of Reynolds numbers.
Civilizing Civil Forfeiture

This essay explores which aspects of "civil" forfeiture can rightly claim to be a civil remedy and which should be constrained by the procedural protections that normally attend the criminal process.
Guanosine-5′-triphosphate as the allosteric effector of fructose 1,6-diphosphatase in Rhodopseudomonaspalustris

Abstract The inhibition of 300-fold purified fructose 1,6-diphosphatase from Rhodopseudomonas palustris by guanosine-5′-triphosphate is described. Kinetic data illustrates that GTP inhibition is specific, allosteric in nature and noncompetitive. Guanosine-5′-triphosphate was not utilized in the enzymatic reaction. Evidence presented suggests that GTP levels play an important role in regulation of the photosynthetic reductive carbon cycle in Rhodopseudomonas .
Using Mobile Health to Promote Early Language Development: A Narrative Review

In this narrative review, we first present a brief overview of known disparities in children's language development based on socioeconomic status and efforts in the primary care setting to promote children's language development. Next, we define mobile health (m-health) and review the limited, published literature regarding the effectiveness of m-health interventions in promoting children's health, in general, and language development, in particular. Finally, we discuss the potential role of smartphone applications to increase parental behaviors that promote their children's language development, as well as challenges that should be addressed as the field of m-health continues to grow.
Refractory diet-dependent changes in neural microstructure: Implications for microstructural endophenotypes of neurologic and psychiatric disease

Abstract Alterations in gut microbiome populations via dietary manipulation have been shown to induce diet-dependent changes in white matter microstructure. The purpose of this study is to examine the durability of these diet-induced microstructural alterations. We implemented a crossover experimental design where post-weaned male rats were assigned to one of four experimental diets. Following the administration of experimental diets and again following crossover and resumption of a normal diet, brains were imaged ex-vivo with diffusion tensor imaging. Following standard image preprocessing, tract-based spatial statistics and region-of-interest measurements were then calculated for all diffusion tensor indices. Voxel-wise differences in FA were identified in the high fat diet group when compared to animals receiving a control diet. Following crossover, there were new voxel-wise changes in both FA and TR that do not correspond to the regions previously identified. Animals crossed over from the high fiber diet demonstrate widespread and global changes in the diffusion tensor that stand in stark contrast to the minimal changes identified before crossover. While no significant differences between any of the diffusion metrics were identified in the high protein group before crossover, statistically significant decreased RD values were observed following resumption of a normal diet. Diet-induced changes in neural microstructure are durable changes that are unrecoverable following the resumption of a normal diet. We further show that in certain experimental diets, resumption of a normal diet can lead to further marked and unanticipated changes in white matter microstructure.
HISTÓRIA DA EDUCAÇÃO E O PROJETO POLÍTICO PEDAGÓGICO: POSSIBILIDADES DE PESQUISA

A historia e construida pelo pesquisador, a partir da selecao de fatos considerados relevantes e que serao interpretados a partir da aplicacao de um metodo. A pesquisa investiga a relacao entre a Historia da Educacao e o Projeto Politico Pedagogico, ou seja, como a historia das instituicoes se evidencia em pesquisas da area da Historia da Educacao em importantes orgaos e entidades deste campo investigativo, a saber: ANPED, ANPAE e duas revistas, RBE e HISTEDBR. A pesquisa de cunho bibliografico compartilha a perspectiva da historia cultural, pois pretendem ressaltar nos estudos as praticas, as caracteristicas das instituicoes presentes nos trabalhos analisados. As entidades pesquisadas referem-se que a tematica tem despertado pouco interesse por estes pesquisadores, dos 658 resumos analisados apenas 4 trabalhos foram lidos integralmente. Como resultados identifica-se um campo promissor para futuros estudos, sobretudo, no que se refere a inclusao do historico das instituicoes nesse documento da escola.
Improved Extended Kalman Filter Estimation Using Threshold Signal Detection With an MEMS Electrostatic Microscanner

In this paper, a threshold signal detector is proposed to improve the state estimation accuracy of an extended Kalman filter (EKF) and is validated experimentally with a microelectromechanical system electrostatic microscanner. A first-order derivative of Gaussian filter is used to detect and locate rapid changes in voltage signal caused by crossing of a threshold angle determined by maximum overlap of capacitive electrodes. The event-triggered measurement is used in the update step of the EKF to provide intermittent but more accurate angle measurements than those of the capacitive sensor's continuous output. Experiments on the electrostatic microscanner show that with the threshold signal detector incorporated; the average position estimation accuracy of the EKF is improved by 15.1% with largest improvement (30.3%) seen under low signal-to-noise ratio conditions. A parametric study is conducted to examine sampling frequency and capacitance profile, among other factors that may affect detection error and EKF accuracy.
Evaluation of 18 Direct CPT Methods for Estimating the Ultimate Pile Capacity of Driven Piles

Cone and piezocone penetration tests (CPT, PCPT) are widely acknowledged to be useful and powerful in-situ tests for soil classification and characterization, and for evaluating different soil prop...
Evaluation of the Role of Proprioception During Proportional Position Control Using Sonomyography: Applications in Prosthetic Control

Prosthetics need to incorporate the users sense of proprioception into the control paradigm to provide intuitive control, and reduce training times and prosthetic rejection rates. In the absence of functional tasks with a prosthetic, virtual cursor control tasks have been used to train users to control multiple degrees of freedom. In this study, A proportional position signal was derived from the cross-sectional ultrasound images of the users forearm. We designed a virtual cursor control task with one degree of freedom to measure the users ability to repeatably and accurately acquire different levels of muscle flexion, using only their sense of proprioception. The experiment involved a target acquisition task, where the cursors height corresponded to the extent of muscle flexion. Users were asked to acquire targets on a screen. Visual feedback was disabled at certain times during the experiment, to isolate the effect of proprioception. We found that as visual feedback was taken away from the subjects, position error increased but their stability error did not change significantly. This indicates that users are not perfect at using only their proprioceptive sense to reacquire a level of muscle flexion, in the absence of haptic or visual feedback. However, they are adept at retaining an acquired flexion level without drifting. These results could help to quantify the role of proprioception in target acquisition tasks, in the absence of haptic or visual feedback.
The relationship of motion sickness susceptibility to learned autonomic control for symptom suppression

Twenty-four men were randomly assigned to four equal groups matched in terms of their Coriolis Sickness Susceptibility Index (CSSI). Two groups of subjects were highly susceptible to motion sickness, and two groups were moderately susceptible. All subjects were given six C551 tests at 5-d intervals. Treatment Groups I (highly susceptible) and II (moderately susceptible) were taught to control their autonomic responses, using a training method called autogenic-feedback training (AFT) before the third, fourth, and fifth CSSI tests. Control groups III (highly susceptible) and IV (moderately susceptible) received no treatment. Results showed that both treatment groups significantly improved performance on CSSI tests after training; neither of the control groups changed significantly. Highly and moderately susceptible subjects in the two treatment groups improved at comparable rates. Highly susceptible control group subjects did not habituate across tests as readily as the moderately susceptible controls.
Sustained molecular response following a failed attempt of tyrosine kinase inhibitor discontinuation & the effects on growth in a child with chronic myeloid leukemia: not always a short story

We report a patient who developed chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) at 12 months of age. She was treated aggressively with stem cell transplant (SCT), interferon, donor lymphocytes and imatinib, w...
Deep Learning on Real Geophysical Data: A Case Study for Distributed Acoustic Sensing Research.

Deep Learning approaches for real, large, and complex scientific data sets can be very challenging to design. In this work, we present a complete search for a finely-tuned and efficiently scaled deep learning classifier to identify usable energy from seismic data acquired using Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS). While using only a subset of labeled images during training, we were able to identify suitable models that can be accurately generalized to unknown signal patterns. We show that by using 16 times more GPUs, we can increase the training speed by more than two orders of magnitude on a 50,000-image data set.
JFK’s Lunar Problematic: The Future is a Fantasy

Humans are unique as a species because, with the help of well-defined problematic, humans alone are capable of redefining reality. A problematic can be understood as an exceptionally-challenging intellectual objective (e.g., heavier-than-air flight, building the first atomic bomb, curing disease, landing humans on the moon, developing artificially-intelligent computers, construct computers constructing faster-than-light speed spacecraft, etc.) that requires knowledge-seekers to invent new facts and redefine reality in order to achieve the hoped-for objective. Although scientists prefer to think that scientific inquiry is constrained to an exploration of empirical facts, in truth, scientific progress is often instigated more effectively by the pursuit of a compelling problematic — in many cases, even by science fiction fantasies (Shatner, 2002) — rather than by an examination of established empirical facts (McGettigan, 2011). As such, science has proven to be the most effective means ever invented by humans to transform fantasies into reality.
Optimal Federal Redistribution During Uncoordinated Response to a Pandemic

Optimal policy during an epidemic calls for depressed economic activity to slow down the outbreak. Sometimes, these decisions are left to local authorities (e.g. states). This creates an externality, as the outbreak doesn't respect states' boundaries. A strategic Pigouvian subsidy that rewards states which depress their economies more than the average corrects that externality by creating a race-to-the-bottom type of response. In equilibrium nobody receives a subsidy, but the allocation is efficient. If local authorities are concerned about unequal burden of the lockdown costs but cannot easily issue new debt to finance transfer payments, then lockdowns will be insufficient in some areas and excessive in others. When that's the case, federal stimulus checks can flatten the infection curve.
Perceived stress and support preferences during bed rest in twin pregnancies: A cross-sectional online survey.

Abstract Objective : To identify the most prominent sources of stress, examine correlates of stress, and assess support preferences to inform future interventions among women pregnant with twins who are on bed rest. Materials and Methods : A cross-sectional online survey was administered to pregnant and postpartum women who were recommended bed rest during their twin pregnancy. Total stress while on bedrest was assessed using an adapted version of the Antepartum Hospital Stressors Inventory (AHSI). Bivariate analyses were used to compare total stress scores across participant characteristics using linear regression, Spearman's correlation, and one-way ANOVA. Qualitative content regarding women's bed rest experiences and future intervention preferences was analyzed into themes. Findings : Women's (N=104, mean age 30.6 years ± 4.6) most prominent sources of stress while on bed rest included thinking about babies’ health, feeling dependent on others, and feeling uncertain about the outcome. Women who were recommended bed rest earlier in their pregnancy or were recommended both home and hospital bedrest had higher stress scores, while women with monochorionic/monoamniotic pregnancies had lower stress scores. Approximately 64% of women indicated interest in a bed rest support program, with 88% indicating a preference for online support and 70% wanting support from family. Key Conclusions : Women pregnant with twins who are recommended bed rest identify many sources of stress. Our findings suggest a need for stress-management interventions targeting this population.
Rhizoctonia Solani: Penetration, Colonization, and Host Response

Studies on penetration, colonization and host response have been done with representative isolates of AGs 1, 2, 3 and 4. Most of the information available, however, is for AG 4, although sufficient work has been done with the other groups to provide a basis for comparison and contrast.
The effects of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents on the short-term and long-term survivals in metastatic breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: a SEER population-based study

Current clinical guidelines state that the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) may be considered to treat chemotherapy-induced anemia in the non-curative setting to alleviate anemia-related symptoms. However, no convincing survival benefit has been demonstrated to support the use of ESAs in these patients. Using the comprehensive data collected in the National Cancer Institute (NCI)-surveillance epidemiology and end results (SEER) and Medicare-linked database, we analyzed the effect of ESA use on the short-term (18-month) and long-term (60-month) survival rates of chemotherapy-treated metastatic breast cancer patients. Confounding variables were adjusted using a propensity score approach. We also analyzed the effects of ESA on the survival of patients receiving trastuzumab, a commonly prescribed targeted therapy agent in treating HER2-positive tumors. Metastatic breast cancer patients who received ESA treatment exhibited similar 60-month survival rate to those without ESA treatment (22.8 vs. 24.9%, p = 0.8). ESA-treated patients had a trend toward better 18-month survival [crude hazard ratio (HR) 0.86, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.68-1.09, p = 0.21]. This protective effect during the first 18 months of chemotherapy became marginally significant after adjusting for the propensity of receiving ESAs (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.63-1.01, p = 0.070). An interaction effect between ESA and trastuzumab on patient survival was noticeable but not statistically significant. ESAs did not negatively affect the long-term survival of metastatic breast cancer patients. Moreover, ESAs improved patients' survival during the first 18 months of chemotherapy treatment. These findings endorse the current clinical guideline. Given the short survival of these patients, the potential short-term beneficial effects of ESAs are clinically meaningful.