cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
School Turnaround Fever: The Paradoxes of a Historical Practice Promoted as a New Reform

School “turnaround” has received significant attention recently in education literature and policy action, especially as a means to dramatically improve urban education. In current common education usage, “turnaround” refers to the rapid, significant improvement in the academic achievement of persistently low-achieving schools. Employing a conceptual framework informed by research regarding school reform history, the school leadership fashion cycle, and paradoxes in educational innovation and reform, this exploratory study examines policy documents, foundation works, and empirical studies in considering the historical roots, current recommended practices, and outcomes to date of the turnaround reform movement. We present the results of our inquiry in the form of a series of vexing paradoxes that characterize the recent fervor for school turnaround at the same time they signal the promise and pitfalls of the reform idea. We conclude by examining implications for urban school policy makers and school-based ...
The Future of the Foreign Exchange Market

This paper addresses the future of the foreign exchange market using two organizing (and provocative) ideas. One pertains to the market’s institutional structure, the other to its information structure. The first organizing idea is that the structure of currency markets is driven primarily by the management of credit risk. This contrasts with drivers identified by micr ostructure theory (such as management of market risk, attenuation of asymmetric information, and entry barriers). The second organizing idea is that price variation in spot currency markets is driven primarily by dispersed information. This too contrasts with the orthodox view, under which exchange rates are determined from public information. Though provocative, these two ideas are vital to understanding this market’s future. Based on drivers of the market’s current structure, I propose three scenarios for future evolution. The scenario I consider most likely is one in which the current dealer structure is maintained through dealing banks’ crosssubsidizing their liquidity provision using gains from superior order flow information.
How useful is old information

We consider the problem of load balancing in dynamic distributed systems in cases where new incoming tasks can make use of old information. For example, consider a multiprocessor system where incoming tasks with exponentially distributed service requirements arrive as a Poisson process, the tasks must choose a processor for service, and a task knows when making this choice the processor queue lengths from T seconds ago. What is a good strategy for choosing a processor in order for tasks to minimize their expected time in the system? Such models can also be used to describe settings where there is a transfer delay between the time a task enters a system and the time it reaches a processor for service. Our models are based on considering the behavior of limiting systems where the number of processors goes to infinity. The limiting systems can be shown to accurately describe the behavior of sufficiently large systems and simulations demonstrate that they are reasonably accurate even for systems with a small number of processors. Our studies of specific models demonstrate the importance of using randomness to break symmetry in these systems and yield important rules of thumb for system design. The most significant result is that only small amounts of queue length information can be extremely useful in these settings; for example, having incoming tasks choose the least loaded of two randomly chosen processors is extremely effective over a large range of possible system parameters. In contrast, using global information can actually degrade performance unless used carefully; for example, unlike most settings where the load information is current, having tasks go to the apparently least loaded server can significantly hurt performance.
4.2 K Operation of the SNS Cryomodules

The Spallation Neutron Source being built at Oak Ridge National Laboratory employs eighty one 805 MHz superconducting cavities operated at 2.1 K to accelerate the H-beam from 187 MeV to about 1 GeV. The superconducting cavities and cryomodules with two different values of beta (. 61 and .81) have been designed and constructed at Jefferson Lab for operation at 2.1 K with unloaded Q’s in excess of 5×109. To gain experience in testing cryomodules in the SNS tunnel before the final commissioning of the 2.1 K Central Helium Liquefier, integration tests are being conducted on the cryomodules at 4.2 K. This is the first time that a superconducting cavity system specifically designed for 2.1 K operation has been extensively tested at 4.2 K without superfluid helium.
Toward Predictive Failure Management for Distributed Stream Processing Systems

Distributed stream processing systems (DSPSs) have many important applications such as sensor data analysis, network security, and business intelligence. Failure management is essential for DSPSs that often require highly-available system operations. In this paper, we explore a new predictive failure management approach that employs online failure prediction to achieve more efficient failure management than previous reactive or proactive failure management approaches. We employ light-weight stream-based classification methods to perform online failure forecast. Based on the prediction results, the system can take differentiated failure preventions on abnormal components only. Our failure prediction model is tunable, which can achieve a desired tradeoff between failure penalty reduction and prevention cost based on a user-defined reward function. To achieve low-overhead online learning, we propose adaptive data stream sampling schemes to adaptively adjust measurement sampling rates based on the states of monitored components, and maintain a limited size of historical training data using reservoir sampling. We have implemented an initial prototype of the predictive failure management framework within the IBM System S distributed stream processing system. Experiment results show that our system can achieve more efficient failure management than conventional reactive and proactive approaches, while imposing low overhead to the DSPS.
Mediation of Sonic Hedgehog-Induced Expression of COUP-TFII by a Protein Phosphatase

A Sonic hedgehog (Shh) response element was identified in the chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) promoter that binds to a factor distinct from Gli, a gene known to mediate Shh signaling. Although this binding activity is specifically stimulated by Shh-N (amino-terminal signaling domain), it can also be unmasked with protein phosphatase treatment in the mouse cell line P19, and induction by Shh-N can be blocked by phosphatase inhibitors. Thus, Shh-N signaling may result in dephosphorylation of a target factor that is required for activation of COUP-TFII-, Islet1-, and Gli response element-dependent gene expression. This finding identifies another step in the Shh-N signaling pathway.
Arteriosclerosis in Kidneys From Healthy Live Donors: Comparison of Wedge and Needle Core Perioperative Biopsies

Abstract Context.—Although risks associated with live kidney donation are low, there are few pathologic studies of kidneys from live donors, and possible risk factors for development of hypertension or renal insufficiency remain unknown. There are many studies of histopathologic changes in deceased donor kidneys and how these changes affect subsequent graft function; most are based on wedge rather than needle core biopsies. Objective.—To examine the frequency and severity of arterial fibrointimal thickening and other pathologic lesions in kidneys from healthy live donors and compare wedge and needle core biopsies as methods for evaluating these changes. Design.—For 36 of 332 live donor renal transplantations performed from January 2004 through November 2006, a wedge biopsy of the transplanted kidney was done prior to and/or after implantation, and a needle core biopsy was done postimplantation or during the ensuing 7 days. For these 36 allografts, we compared pathologic features of the wedge and core peri...
NIR and MIR charge transfer plasmons in wire-bridged antennas (Presentation Recording)

We investigate optical properties of wire-bridged plasmonic nanoantennas. Here we found two spectral features: a dipolar plasmon in the visible and a Charge Transfer Plasmon (CTP) in the infrared. The CTP depends sensitively on the conductance of the junction wire, offering a controllable way for tuning the plasmon resonance to the desired wavelength regime via junction geometries. Here we use single-particle dark field spectroscopy from UV, visible to IR to identify plasmonic modes in different spectrum regimes. The simulations using Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method are in good agreement with experiment: Increasing the junction wire width and concurrently the junction conductance blue shifts resonance positions, and simultaneously modifies scattering strengths, the linewidth of CTP and dipolar plasmon. We notice that CTP in a much longer wavelength regime and preserving a narrow line width, an important implication for designing IR plasmons with a high quality factor for enhanced spectroscopy and sensing applications. We also extend the CTP to the IR regime by increasing the wire length to create IR plasmon while keeping the line width of the resonance. Our work offers a way for studying the charge transfer properties in plasmonic nanostructures. Not only it adds another degree in understanding the charge transfer properties in plasmonic nanostructures but also offers an optical platform for studying molecules transport at optical frequencies and related applications.
Developing a System Architecture for Cyclist Violation Prediction Models Incorporating Naturalistic Cycling Data

Abstract More than 40% of crashes that involve bicycles have occurred at intersections. According to the FARS database, an average of more than 30% of cyclist fatalities occurred at intersections from 2008 to 2012. Furthermore, up to 16% of bicycle-related crashes resulted from cyclist violations (i.e. bicyclists ride out at signalized or sign-controlled intersections). Not only has bicycle safety at intersections been a serious issue, but also the growing number of bicycle commuters makes the problem even more important. For example from 2000 to 2011, bicycle commuting rates in the US increased by 80% in large Bicycle Friendly Cities (BFCs), by 32% in non-BFCs, and overall by 47%. Moreover, improving bicycle safety should be considered more seriously to promote sustainable and eco-friendly modes of transport. For several different reasons (e.g. inattention, distraction, etc.), cyclists fail to obey traffic rules at both signalized and sign-controlled intersections. Hence the problem is how to prevent/mitigate these intersection-related crashes that involve bicycles. Failures to comply need to be identified before they occur so actions can be taken to alleviate the consequences. The focus of this paper is to present a system architecture that incorporates naturalistic cycling data to develop cyclist violation prediction models at intersections.
Category I: Nondiagnostic

A nondiagnostic cytology specimen is one that provides no diagnostic or useful information about the lesion sampled. Any cellular atypia precludes a nondiagnostic report. Nondiagnostic is used independent of the term unsatisfactory. Unsatisfactory (for evaluation) indicates that a specimen is not able to be evaluated rather than not able to be interpreted or diagnosed. Any specimen that is processed is able to be evaluated, and as such, there is a corresponding technical billing component for that process. The clinical and imaging context should always be taken into consideration. The absence of “epithelial cells” in the sample does not necessarily make a specimen nondiagnostic. There is no established set number for cellular adequacy in pancreaticobiliary cytology. Pathologist experience and expertise in interpreting pancreaticobiliary cytology specimens also contributes to the threshold of what is considered nondiagnostic. Obtaining a second opinion may be useful to preclude the need for repeat sampling.
Mutation based treatment recommendations from next generation sequencing data: a comparison of web tools

Interpretation of complex cancer genome data, generated by tumor target profiling platforms, is key for the success of personalized cancer therapy. How to draw therapeutic conclusions from tumor profiling results is not standardized and may vary among commercial and academically-affiliated recommendation tools. We performed targeted sequencing of 315 genes from 75 metastatic breast cancer biopsies using the FoundationOne assay. Results were run through 4 different web tools including the Drug-Gene Interaction Database (DGidb), My Cancer Genome (MCG), Personalized Cancer Therapy (PCT), and cBioPortal, for drug and clinical trial recommendations. These recommendations were compared amongst each other and to those provided by FoundationOne. The identification of a gene as targetable varied across the different recommendation sources. Only 33% of cases had 4 or more sources recommend the same drug for at least one of the usually several altered genes found in tumor biopsies. These results indicate further development and standardization of broadly applicable software tools that assist in our therapeutic interpretation of genomic data is needed. Existing algorithms for data acquisition, integration and interpretation will likely need to incorporate artificial intelligence tools to improve both content and real-time status.
Age-dependent changes are observed in the levels of an enzyme mediator of interferon action: a (2'-5')An-dependent endoribonuclease

A (2'-5')oligoadenylate-dependent endoribonuclease (RNase L) is an important mediator of interferon's antiviral actions. Levels of this enzyme were determined in spleen, lung, liver, and kidney of mice at different times after birth. The levels of RNase L were found to be relatively low in newborn kidney, lung, and spleen. RNase L levels rise 2- to 10-fold in these three tissues as mice approach 5 days of age. In the spleen, levels of RNase L remain high as mice reach adult life. In the lung and kidney, however, RNase L levels decrease after 14 days. RNase L levels in the liver are highest from birth to 5-7 days and then decrease subsequently and remain low in adult mice. These changes in RNase L levels with postnatal development may be important with regard to age-specific susceptibility to some virus infections.
Ureteritis cystica with 17-year followup.

AbstractUreteritis cystica is a rare disease that must be considered in the differential diagnosis of ureteral and renal pelvic filling defects. The characteristic radiographic findings often regress spontaneously when the process instigating the inflammation is eradicated. However, in our patient radiological findings remained unchanged during a 17-year period in the absence of malignancy or infection. Although it sometimes coexists with cancer, we believe that ureteritis cystica is usually benign and indolent.
Intersubjectivity and Identity

One of the fascinating questions about human beings is why we evolved such a strong capacity for individual identity. Identity is usually seen as an aspect of the individual’s separateness and autonomy, but it appears that identity evolved as part of our ultrasocial nature. In this chapter, I describe the intersubjective origin and functioning of individual identity, focusing on four key aspects. My emphasis is on the social ontogeny of individual identity and the complementary recognition of others’ identity and mental activity. First, identity is socially constituted in the richly synchronous interactive world of the infant. Infants only gradually come to recognize themselves as separate individuals who have authorship of their actions. A consciousness of oneself only emerges in relatively large-brained, intensely social species, suggesting that individual identity makes it possible for individuals to function and prosper in highly social environments. The emergence of individual identity can only occur in an interpersonal context because having an identity is a matter of differentiating oneself from others.
Syntactic Phylogenetic Trees

In light of recent controversies surrounding the use of computational methods for the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees of language families (especially the Indo-European family), a possible approach based on syntactic information, complementing other linguistic methods, appeared as a promising possibility, largely developed in recent years in Longobardi’s Parametric Comparison Method. In this paper we identify several serious problems that arise in the use of syntactic data from the SSWL database for the purpose of computational phylogenetic reconstruction. We show that the most naive approach fails to produce reliable linguistic phylogenetic trees. We identify some of the sources of the observed problems and we discuss how they may be, at least partly, corrected by using additional information, such as prior subdivision into language families and subfamilies, and a better use of the information about ancient languages. We also describe how the use of phylogenetic algebraic geometry can help in estimating to what extent the probability distribution at the leaves of the phylogenetic tree obtained from the SSWL data can be considered reliable, by testing it on phylogenetic trees established by other forms of linguistic analysis. In simple examples, we find that, after restricting to smaller language subfamilies and considering only those SSWL parameters that are fully mapped for the whole subfamily, the SSWL data match extremely well reliable phylogenetic trees, according to the evaluation of phylogenetic invariants. This is a promising sign for the use of SSWL data for linguistic phylogenetics. We also argue how dependencies and nontrivial geometry/topology in the space of syntactic parameters would have to be taken into consideration in phylogenetic reconstructions based on syntactic data. A more detailed analysis of syntactic phylogenetic trees and their algebro-geometric invariants will appear elsewhere [33].
Solvation Thermodynamics of Oligoglycine with Respect to Chain Length and Flexibility

Abstract Oligoglycine is a backbone mimic for all proteins and is prevalent in the sequences of intrinsically disordered proteins. We have computed the absolute chemical potential of glycine oligomers at infinite dilution by simulation with the CHARMM36 and Amber ff12SB force fields. We performed a thermodynamic decomposition of the solvation free energy (Δ G sol ) of Gly 2–5 into enthalpic (Δ H sol ) and entropic (Δ S sol ) components as well as their van der Waals and electrostatic contributions. Gly 2–5 was either constrained to a rigid/extended conformation or allowed to be completely flexible during simulations to assess the effects of flexibility on these thermodynamic quantities. For both rigid and flexible oligoglycine models, the decrease in Δ G sol with chain length is enthalpically driven with only weak entropic compensation. However, the apparent rates of decrease of Δ G sol , Δ H sol , Δ S sol , and their elec and vdw components differ for the rigid and flexible models. Thus, we find solvation entropy does not drive aggregation for this system and may not explain the collapse of long oligoglycines. Additionally, both force fields yield very similar thermodynamic scaling relationships with respect to chain length despite both force fields generating different conformational ensembles of various oligoglycine chains.
Measurement of the low-energy quenching factor in germanium using an $^{88}$Y/Be photoneutron source

We employ an $^{88}\mathrm{Y}/\mathrm{Be}$ photoneutron source to derive the quenching factor for neutron-induced nuclear recoils in germanium, probing recoil energies from a few hundred ${\mathrm{eV}}_{\mathrm{nr}}$ to $8.5\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{keV}}_{\mathrm{nr}}$. A comprehensive Monte Carlo simulation of our setup is compared to experimental data employing a Lindhard model with a free electronic energy loss $k$ and an adiabatic correction for $\mathrm{sub}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{keV}}_{\mathrm{nr}}$ nuclear recoils. The best fit $k=0.179\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.001$ obtained using a Monte Carlo Markov chain (MCMC) ensemble sampler is in good agreement with previous measurements, confirming the adequacy of the Lindhard model to describe the stopping of few-keV ions in germanium crystals at a temperature of $\ensuremath{\sim}77\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}$. This value of $k$ corresponds to a quenching factor of 13.7% to 25.3% for nuclear recoil energies between 0.3 and $8.5\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{keV}}_{\mathrm{nr}}$, respectively.
Interfering with Helios-induced regulatory T cell stability as a strategy for cancer immunotherapy.

The molecular control of regulatory T cell (Treg) homeostasis and differentiation is not yet completely understood in particular during inflammation and tumorigenesis.
Unamplified RNA Sensor for On‐Site Screening of Zika Virus Disease in a Limited Resource Setting

Recent outbreaks of Zika virus have been declared a public health emergency of international concern. The diagnosis of Zika infection is based on a person's recent travel history, symptoms, and laboratory test results. However, the diagnosis of Zika infection may be delayed because patient's symptoms are often mild and nondescript, and confirmatory laboratory tests are relatively time-consuming and expensive. Given the lack of an effective vaccine against Zika virus, and a relatively short period of viremia, developing a rapid and sensitive means of detecting the Zika virus in serum is a public health priority. This work presents a novel RNA sensor, based on a sequence-specific probe and AC electrokinetics-enhanced capacitive sensing technology to directly capture and detect Zika virus RNA. This method allows detection and quantification of Zika virus RNA in only 30 seconds with low limit of detection (LOD, The LOD reaches 158.1 copies/μL). The sensor was also tested for its specificity, and no false positive signals were obtained from other virus. In addition, the biosensor is portable, inexpensive and, and simple-to-use, without the need of signal amplification, which makes it ideal for field applications.
The Place of Rural in a Southern Criminology

A substantial proportion of the world’s population remains rural, despite decades of urbanisation. Further, most of this rural population lies south of the equator. Therefore, it is incumbent on the emerging fields of rural criminology and global southern criminology to mutually reinforce each other’s scholarly development. To this end, this article engages three selected issues associated with agriculture and food – agricultural victimisation, food security, and farmworker abuse and trafficking – and discusses them in terms of the advancement of a global southern criminology. The article concludes with acknowledgement of many more rural crime issues that have particular salience to the global South and warns of new dangers in the development of hegemonic binaries (Carrington, Hogg and Sozzo 2016) and homogenous categories of knowledge (Connell 2007) if they fail to inform each other.
Human mast cells present antigen to autologous CD4+ T cells

Background Mast cells (MCs), the primary effector cell of the atopic response, participate in immune defense at host/environment interfaces, yet the mechanisms by which they interact with CD4 + T cells has been controversial. Objective We used in situ –matured primary human MCs and matched CD4 + T cells to diligently assess the ability of MCs to act as antigen-presenting cells. Methods We examined mature human skin-derived MCs using flow cytometry for expression of antigen-presenting molecules, for their ability to stimulate CD4 + T cells to express CD25 and proliferate when exposed to superantigen or to cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen using matched T cells and MCs from CMV-seropositive or CMV-seronegative donors, and for antigen uptake. Subcellular localization of antigen, HLA molecules, and tryptase was analyzed by using structured illumination microscopy. Results Our data show that IFN-γ induces HLA class II, HLA-DM, CD80, and CD40 expression on MCs, whereas MCs take up soluble and particulate antigens in an IFN-γ–independent manner. IFN-γ–primed MCs guide activation of T cells by Staphylococcus aureus superantigen and, when preincubated with CMV antigens, induce a recall CD4 + T H 1 proliferation response only in CMV-seropositive donors. MCs co-opt their secretory granules for antigen processing and presentation. Consequently, MC degranulation increases surface delivery of HLA class II/peptide, further enhancing stimulation of T-cell proliferation. Conclusions IFN-γ primes human MCs to activate T cells through superantigen and to present CMV antigen to T H 1 cells, co-opting MC secretory granules for antigen processing and presentation and creating a feed-forward loop of T-cell–MC cross-activation.
PHOTODEGRADATION OF PESTICIDES IN SOLUTION: ISOMERIZATION, DEHALOGENATION AND ESTER CLEAVAGE REACTIONS OF THE PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES

The photodegradation of pesticides can be conveniently studied in aqueous or organic solutions since photoproducts, reactivity comparisons and the effect of additives, such as sensitizers, oxidizing agents, heavy atoms, etc., can be readily determined.
Diagnostic utility of exome sequencing in the evaluation of neuromuscular disorders

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic yield and workflow of genome-scale sequencing in patients with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). Methods We performed exome sequencing in 93 undiagnosed patients with various NMDs for whom a molecular diagnosis was not yet established. Variants on both targeted and broad diagnostic gene lists were identified. Prior diagnostic tests were extracted from the patient9s medical record to evaluate the use of exome sequencing in the context of their prior diagnostic workup. Results The overall diagnostic yield of exome sequencing in our cohort was 12.9%, with one or more pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants identified in a causative gene associated with the patient9s disorder. Targeted gene lists had the same diagnostic yield as a broad NMD gene list in patients with clear neuropathy or myopathy phenotypes, but evaluation of a broader set of disease genes was needed for patients with complex NMD phenotypes. Most patients with NMD had undergone prior testing, but only 10/16 (63%) of these procedures, such as muscle biopsy, were informative in pointing to a final molecular diagnosis. Conclusions Genome-scale sequencing or analysis of a panel of relevant genes used early in the evaluation of patients with NMDs can provide or clarify a diagnosis and minimize invasive testing in many cases.
Sensitive analysis of N-blocked amino acids using high-performance liquid chromatography with paired ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

In this study, a paired ion electrospray ionization (PIESI) mass spectrometry method was developed for sensitive detection of 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (Fmoc)-derivatized amino acids. The structure-optimized ion-pairing reagent was introduced post column to form positively charged complexes which can be detected in the positive ion mode. These complexes are more surface-active than the original analytes, and meanwhile, the intensity of sodium adducts was significantly reduced. The limit of detection of the amino acids obtained with the optimal ion-pairing reagent was 0.5 to 20 pg which was 5–100 times lower than the negative mode. In addition, two mass spectrometry platforms—linear ion trap and triple quadrupole—were used to compare the PIESI improvements. Eventually, the method was applied to successfully detect the level of amino acids in human urine samples with high accuracy and the added benefit of minimizing matrix effects.
Employing dual-complementary flip-flops to detect EMFI attacks

Electromagnetic Fault Injection (EMFI) is a powerful class of fault attacks that can break hardware and software security mechanisms. The main advantage of EMFI over the other fault injection methods is being able to create local faults without depackaging the target chip. Therefore, designing low-cost and efficient detection mechanisms to sense EMFI is a challenging task. In this work, we propose a low-cost, fully-digital, and cycle-accurate mechanism to detect EMFI. We also present a framework to integrate the proposed detector into any logic core. We implemented the proposed detection mechanism on an Altera Cyclone-IV FPGA and integrated it with a round-serial hardware implementation of AES-128. The area overhead of this design is 14.6% and 81.5% in the number of LUTs and registers, respectively. We also experimentally demonstrated the efficiency of the implemented design under actual EM fault injection. In our experiments, we applied 20000 EM pulses with different parameters (i.e, timing, location, pulse width, energy). In total, 7% of the applied pulses causes faults in the output of the AES. The proposed mechanism successfully detected all of the injected faults without any false alarms.
Depression in adolescents: growing pains or true morbidity?

This review discusses the prevalence and characteristics of depression in childhood and adolescence. Depression in this age group is a major public health concern, but is often under-recognised and dismissed as 'growing pains'. Interviewing the patient and their parents is essential for accurate diagnosis and structured interviews may be helpful. Prevalence increases with age. Risk of recurrence is high and is influenced by family conflict. Childhood onset depression has a 60-70% risk of continuing into adulthood and 20-40% develop bipolar disorder within 5 years. The nature of the disorder is affected by family history and symptoms vary with age. Comorbidity is common and influences treatment choice and long-term outcome. It is hoped that complications such as poor academic performance, impaired social functioning, and substance abuse may be prevented by early intervention.
On Completely Integrable Systems with Local Torus Actions

This paper concerns with symplectic topology of compact completely integrable Hamiltonian systems with only stable nondegenerate elliptic singularities. We describe all systems whose universal coverings admit actian-angle coordinates and, in particular, prove that some finite cover of a base space is diffeomorphic to a product of a convex polytope and a solvmanifold. We also construct an obstruction, vanishing of which guarantees splitting of some finite cover of a phase space as a toric variety and a torus fibering over a solvmanifold.
Truthful multi-unit double auctions with quantity discount

For the market allocation efficiency of existing multi-unit double auction mechanism is low when the number of seller is small, which is not conducive to maximize the social welfare and utilities of buyers and sellers. In order to enable more agents to participate in the final allocation and improve social welfare, the multi-unit double auctions with quantity discount (MDAQD) is designed. The model is established by integer programming. The MDAQA mechanism is individual rational, budget balance, allocative effective and incentive compatibility. By designing the numerical examples and comparing the results without considering the quantity discounts, the allocation efficiency and social welfare of the new mechanism are significantly improved.
Flavor Generation during Extrusion Cooking

Extrusion cooking is a high temperature-short time process which is ideal for the production of flavor volatiles. However, due to the nature of this process there are many opportunities for these volatiles to be lost. This has led many researchers to study the formation and retention of volatiles during extrusion. This review will focus on the flavor related reactions which may occur during extrusion and their occurrence in various flours and due to the addition of reactive precursors.
Early activation of intracellular signals after myocardial stretch: Anrep effect, myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure

The link between the Anrep effect -the increase in cardiac contractility that develops 10–15 min following myocardial stretch- and myocardial hypertrophy and failure was not appreciated until we proposed it in the 2005 edition of the book “Mechanosensitivity in Cells and Tissues”. In this new version of the chapter we will present the updated experimental evidence that led us to propose the autocrine/paracrine mechanism underlying the Anrep effect, as well as its resemblance to signals that have been described for cardiac hypertrophy development and heart failure. Interesting novel data supporting a crucial role for stretch-induced mineralocorticoid receptor activation, EGFR transactivation and increased mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species leading to NHE-1 stimulation will be thoroughly described. A clear understanding of the early triggering mechanisms that stretch imposes to the myocardium will allow us to design novel weapons to win the battle against cardiac hypertrophy and failure, a major disease spread worldwide.
Reversal of Tolerance to Ethanol Associated with the Induction of Physical Dependence on Ethanol in the Rat

Three experimental paradigms were employed to investigate the possible relationship between tolerance to and dependence on ethanol in the rat. Groups of rats were exposed to ethanol vapor at various concentrations for different periods of time (e.g., 10 mg/1 ethanol vapor for 10 days; 15 mg/1 for 0.5 to 10 days; 20 mg/1 for up to 12 hours). Tolerance was tested by measuring the concentration of ethanol in the breath at loss of righting reflex of the animal and the withdrawal syndrome was assessed behaviorally. Tolerance developed rapidly and was observed to reverse in association with the development of physical dependence.
“In War as in Peace, Culture for Service”: Sioux Falls College and the Successive Crises of Depression and War

Through a detailed examination of archival records and official publications, this chapter analyzes the challenges experienced by Sioux Falls College (SFC) from roughly 1935–1945, when the Great Depression and World War II strained the college to the breaking point. SFC, a small liberal arts college within the Northern Baptist Convention, navigated repeated financial shortfalls, an ill-fated (and temporary) transition to junior college status, an increasingly problematic relationship with national Northern Baptist leadership, and the loss of nearly all male students during the Second World War. Ultimately, the college survived due to strong leadership and the economic boom times brought about by rising agricultural prices and the presence of the Sioux Falls Airbase.
Do employee dimension ratings reflect employee performance? Evidence from MSCI’s ESG database

We investigate whether the ratings of employee dimension in MSCI’s ESG database reflect employee performance of a firm. Using a large panel sample with 23,739 observations from 1991 to 2015, we fin...
Association of patient-reported experiences with health resource utilization and cost among US adult population, medical expenditure panel survey (MEPS), 2010-13.

Objectives To determine whether optimal patient experiences with healthcare is associated with enhanced and efficient use of healthcare resources and cost. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting and participants The study population consisted of pooled participants from the 2010-13 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey cohort of adults ≥18 years with a regular healthcare provider and ≥1 visit to a healthcare provider within the survey year. Using a self-administered questionnaire, individual responses to questions related to healthcare experience were used to develop a weighted average for each of these patient-centered care matrices (ease of access to healthcare, patient-provider communication, shared decision-making and overall patient satisfaction). Intervention None. Outcome measures The outcomes of interest included (1) emergency room (ER) visits and hospital stay, (2) annual healthcare costs incurred by the respondents. Results Overall the study population consisted of 47 969 individuals ≥18 years representing nearly 130 million US non-institutionalized adults. Compared with individuals with a poor report on healthcare experience, participants with positive reports were less likely to utilize the ER and had a lower annual healthcare expenditure. This relationship between patient experience and healthcare expenditure was not demonstrated with shared decision-making and overall patient satisfaction. Conclusion Our study findings suggest that there is an association between patient experience with healthcare, health resource utilization and healthcare expenditure. Further studies are needed to assess if interventions focused to enhance patient experiences can improve healthcare efficiency.
Defined Paraventricular Hypothalamic Populations Exhibit Differential Responses to Food Contingent on Caloric State

Summary Understanding the neural framework behind appetite control is fundamental to developing effective therapies to combat the obesity epidemic. The paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) is critical for appetite regulation, yet, the real-time, physiological response properties of PVH neurons to nutrients are unknown. Using a combination of fiber photometry, electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry, and neural manipulation strategies, we determined the population dynamics of four molecularly delineated PVH subsets implicated in feeding behavior: glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (PVHGlp1r), melanocortin-4 receptor (PVHMc4r), oxytocin (PVHOxt), and corticotropin-releasing hormone (PVHCrh). We identified both calorie- and state-dependent sustained activity increases and decreases in PVHGlp1r and PVHCrh populations, respectively, while observing transient bulk changes of PVHMc4r, but no response in PVHOxt, neurons to food. Furthermore, we highlight the role of PVHGlp1r neurons in orchestrating acute feeding behavior, independent of the anti-obesity drug liraglutide, and demonstrate the indispensability of PVHGlp1r and PVHMc4r, but not PVHOxt or PVHCrh neurons, in body weight maintenance.
Modeling Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag Models: A New Approach

It is a common practice in econometrics that estimation is carried out in terms of the reduced form parameters and the structural form parameters are retrieved using the functional relationship between structural form parameters and the reduced form parameters. The reduced form of many useful economic models is a nonlinear distributed lag model (NLADL) with error structure which may have autocorrelation. In addition, the relationship between the reduced form and the structural parameters is often nonlinear and in a ratio form. In such situations existing sampling theory estimation procedures result in estimators for the structural parameters which do not have finite moments and do not possess optimal sampling properties. As an alternative, we propose a two step Bayesian estimation method. The Bayesian method has great potential and allows us to obtain the posterior probability density functions of all parameters of interest. In particular, its application for the analysis of adaptive expectation partial adjustment models for which the reduced form is a NLADL model, has been found extremely useful. An application to Nerlove’s supply response function supports the proposed methodology.
Spin-mixed states of ferric ion in complexes of tetragonal symmetry

Using a strong crystal field model for ferric ion complexes with tetragonal symmetry and allowing spin-orbit coupling between sextet, quartet, and doublet states, a mechanism is obtained whereby ferric ion can exist in four qualitatively different ground states: a sextet, a quartet, a doublet or a substantially spin-mixed state. We have delineated the regions in crystal field parameter space in which these various possible ground states prevail. Also, we have calculated the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues typical of each region. We discuss in detail the nature of the 5 lowest ferric ion functions in these different regions, particularly in the regions of spin-mixed states. With this model we obtain a picture of these various ferric ion states consistent with the behavior of known complexes of ferric ion, particularly of the ferric heme compounds. The results presented here will be used in a subsequent calculation of some of the observed properties of these compounds.
Need For Whole Large Bowel Investigation in Sole Change in Bowel Habit: An Analysis of 719 Patients.

Purpose/Aim of the study: Patients referred for suspected colorectal cancer typically undergo whole large bowel investigation (WLBI) as per national guidelines. Sole change in bowel habit (CIBH) wi...
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Schools: A Tiered Approach to Youth Mental Health Services

In recent years, many U.S. schools have implemented tiered models of support to address a range of student needs, both academic and behavioral, while cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has simultaneously gained popularity as an effective means of supporting the mental health needs of students. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Schools provides school-based practitioners with the necessary skills to determine students' mental health needs; establish a tiered, CBT-based system of supports; select appropriate programs at Tiers 1, 2, and 3; deliver CBT using various formats to students who are at risk or demonstrating problems; progress monitor multiple tiers of service; and work collaboratively with teachers, administrators, and families.
Intimate Partner Violence Experiences of Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents and Young Adults Assigned Female at Birth

Sexual and gender minority youth, especially those assigned female at birth, are at risk for intimate partner violence (IPV) due to minority stressors. With a sample of 352 sexual and gender minori...
P-013 Technical aspects and clinical outcome of endovascular thrombectomy in octogenarians and nonagenarians: single center experience

Introduction/Purpose Safety and efficacy of thrombectomy in patients ≥ 80 years old is not fully understood as this age group is generally underrepresented in major clinical trials. We aimed to review the procedural aspects and clinical outcome of thrombectomy in these patients. Materials and methods We retrospectively identified all patients ≥ 80 years old who underwent thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke with emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO) in the anterior circulation from January 2014 to December 2018. Demographics, comorbidities, procedural variables, and clinical outcome measures were extracted. Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) 2B or higher was considered successful reperfusion. Favorable clinical outcome was defined as a 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score Results A total of 113 patients were identified. The median age for the cohort was 85 years (range: 80–103). Seventy-three percent of the patients were women. Forty percent of the patients were white and 59% had Hispanic ethnicity. A total of 87 patients (77%) had internal carotid artery terminus or proximal M1 segment occlusion. Median admission NIHSS score was 18 (IQR: 14–25). Only 27% of the patients had received intravenous rt-PA. Thirty-two percent of the patients were treated between 6 hours to 24 hours from their time of symptom onset. Successful recanalization was achieved in 101 patients (89%) with a mean (±SD) groin puncture to recanalization time of 63±43 minutes. Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) was used in 78% of the patients. Groin puncture to recanalization time was 30 minutes shorter in patients under MAC (54±36 vs 85±50; p=0.0006); however, no statistically significant difference in the rate of 90-day favorable outcome was observed between the two groups (23% vs 20%, p=0.77). The rate of favorable 90-day outcome was 22% and 28 patients (39%) had 90-day mortality. Conclusions Thrombectomy in octogenarians and nonagenarians is technically feasible and associated with high rate of recanalization. Although the 90-day mortality was elevated in our cohort, the natural history of completed stroke in this population without reperfusion is also high. Despite this finding, nearly one out of four patients in this study had a favorable clinical outcome. Disclosures S. Majidi: None. J. Lee: None. A. Al Balushi: None. J. Fifi: None. I. Singh: None.
Resident reflections on resident-patient communication during family medicine clinic visits.

Abstract Objective Residency programs emphasize effective doctor and patient interaction. However, training can be time intensive and logistically challenging. This paper examines a blog providing resident peer feedback and an opportunity to explore how residents think about patient communication. Methods A grounded theory approach examined peer commenting on doctor patient interactions. Between 2012–2015, at a U.S. East Coast Family Medicine Clinic, 35 family medicine residents were recorded interacting with patients, producing a total of 84 videos which were posted to a blog. Residents reflected on these videos resulting in 356 responses, 3162 meaning units and 211 codes. Codes were grouped into 10 themes. Further analysis explored how residents signaled positive and negative doctor communications-related behavior. Results Most common themes identified were Rapport/Relationship building skills, Negotiating the appointment, and Peer interaction. Most common themes discussed in light of both positive and negative behavior were Education, Use of technology, and Negotiating the appointment. Conclusions Residents view their communication with patients as more of a transmission of critical information than an opportunity for dialogue. Practice implications Findings support how online tools can be used for resident reflections. These tools can reveal resident perceptions of salient communication information in a clinical encounter.
Dyson’s “Favorite” Identity and Chebyshev Polynomials of the Third and Fourth Kind

The combinatorial and analytic properties of Dyson’s “favorite” identity are studied in detail. In particular, a q-series analog of the anti-telescoping method is used to provide a new proof of Dyson’s results with mock theta functions popping up in intermediate steps. This leads to the appearance of Chebyshev polynomials of the third and fourth kind in Bailey pairs related to Bailey’s Lemma. The natural relationship with L.J. Rogers’s pioneering work is also presented.