cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The metabolism of serum proteins in the hen and chick and secretion of serum proteins by the ovary of the hen.

In the chicken, serum gamma globulin (CGG) is preferentially transferred by the follicular epithelium of the ovary to the developing ova. The concentration of gamma globulin in the yolk of the unfertilized egg is many times the concentration of chicken serum albumin (CSA). This transfer occurs largely during the 4 to 5 days preceding ovulation when the growth of the ovum is most rapid. Thus, in the chicken, the follicular epithelium of the ovary serves the same purpose in the passive immunization of offspring as does the acinar epithelium of the udder in ungulates and the extraembryonic membranes in rabbits and man. The amount of gamma globulin synthesis by the chick is low during the first 2 weeks of life and is associated with low levels of serum gamma globulin. By the end of the 1st month of life, the level of serum gamma globulin increases, presumably reflecting an increased rate of synthesis. In the adult hens the half-life of I131-labeled CSA is 66 hours and that of I131-labeled CGG, 35 hours, while in the newly hatched chick for I131-labeled CSA it is 42 hours and for I131-labeled CGG, 72 hours. Thus, this species shows a gamma globulin sparing in the first days of life, as do most mammalian species.
Testing Gender as a Moderator of Associations Between Psychosocial Variables and Functional Disability in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Pain

Objective To evaluate gender as a moderator of associations between psychosocial variables and functional disability in children and adolescents with chronic pain. Method Participants included 266 patients (177 girls; mean age ¼13.3 years) with chronic or recurrent headache or abdominal pain who were evaluated at a pediatric chronic pain clinic. Patients completed measures of pain intensity, anxiety, depression, pain coping, and functional disability. Parents completed a measure of protective behavior. Results Girls and boys reported similar levels of pain intensity. Girls were more likely to endorse depressive symptoms, and internalizing symptoms were associated with disability in girls, not in boys. No gender differences were found in links between coping and protective parenting and disability. Conclusions In general, psychosocial factors influenced functional disability similarly in girls and boys, although some gender differences were found. Findings highlight the importance of considering child gender when evaluating factors that contribute to functional disability.
Contribution of genetic influences to animal-to-animal variation in myoglobin content and beef lean color stability.

Longissimus thoracis steaks from steers (n = 464) with 0 to 50% inheritance of Angus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, Limousin, Red Angus, and Simmental were evaluated during 6 d of display to assess genetic contributions to color stability. Col- or space values (CIE L* (lightness), a* (redness), b* (yellowness)), chroma, color change (ΔE), and surface metmyoglobin (K/S 572/525) were determined on d 0 and 6 of display. Myoglobin concentration was highly heritable (0.85), but ultimate pH was weakly herita- ble (0.06). Day 0 L* values were moderately heritable (0.24). Variation in metmyoglobin, L*, and ΔE on d 6 was moderately explained by genetic factors (41, 40, and 29%, respectively). Change during display was moderately heritable for a* (0.31), b* (0.23), chroma (0.35), and surface metmyoglobin (0.29). At the start of display, Angus steaks had greater (P 0.05). On d 6, a* values were greater (P 0.05). These data suggest Charolais- and Limousin-carcasses produced steaks with greater lean color stability than Angus, Hereford, and Red Angus carcasses. Furthermore, these findings suggest that genetics contribute substantially to animal-to-animal variation in lean color, particularly in maintaining color.
A Multi-Resolution Compression Scheme for EfficientWindow Queries over Road Network Databases

Vector data and in particular road networks are being queried, hosted, and processed by many application domains such as mobile computing. However, many hosting/ processing clients such as PDAs cannot afford this bulky data due to their storage and transmission limitations. In particular, the result of a typical spatial query such as window query is too huge for a transfer-and-store scenario. While several general vector data compression schemes have been studied by different communities, we propose a novel approach in vector data compression which is easily integrated within a geospatial query processing system. It uses line aggregation to reduce the number of relevant tuples and Huffman compression to achieve a multi-resolution compressed representation of a road network database. Our empirical results verify that our approach exhibits both a high compression ratio and fast query processing.
Probe of CP violation in top quark pair production at hadron supercolliders.

We show that measurement of the difference in the transverse energy distribution of leptons and antileptons from tt\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} events at hadron colliders provides an interesting probe of CP violation in the Higgs sector. We predict a CP-violating asymmetry at the ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ level.
Anticipative stochastic control in finance

Studies the stochastic control problem of maximizing expected logarithmic utility from terminal wealth and/or consumption, when the portfolio is allowed to anticipate the future; i.e., when the terminal values of the prices or of the driving Brownian motion are known to the investor, either exactly or with some noise. Results on the finiteness of the value of the control problem in various setups are obtained, using techniques from the so-called enlargement of filtrations. >
The Benefits of Peer Mediation in the Context of Urban Conflict and Program Status

Much research on the topic of violence prevention tends to survey the effectiveness of programs, including peer mediation, without attention to how programs are instituted and maintained in schools. This study of a high school peer mediation program examines several aspects of the process including the training of student mediators, the curriculum, the dynamics of actual mediation sessions, and the comments of mediators and trainers as they described the process. Peer mediation defines conflict in a way that prevents examination of certain conflict issues, especially those related to inequity and prejudice. Whereas peer mediation is designed to resolve conflicts in schools, it is the mediators themselves who benefit most from the programs—not the disputants.
Terabit flexible-bandwidth networking with optical arbitrary waveform generation and measurements

This paper discusses generation and detection of arbitrary optical waveforms towards terabit scale flexible bandwidth optical networks capable of adaptively adjusting the bandwidth, modulation format, and routing of data bits scaling to Tb/s and beyond.
Service level agreements on IP networks

This paper provides an overview of service level agreements (SLAs) in IP networks. It looks at the typical components of an SLA and identifies three common approaches that are used to satisfy SLAs in IP networks. The implications of using the approaches in the context of a network service provider, a hosting service provider, and an enterprise are examined. While most providers currently offer a static insurance approach toward supporting SLAs, the schemes that can lead to more dynamic approaches are identified.
An Examination of Predatory Pressures on Piping Plovers Nesting at Breezy Point, New York

Abstract This study examines predatory threats to Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) nesting at Breezy Point, Gateway National Recreation Area, New York. Several methods used include: 1) an evaluation of reproductive success data with documentation of predation to eggs and chicks, 2) predator surveys, and 3) an artificial nest study. The range of breeding pairs nesting from 1988-1996 was 11-19, with an average of 15.8 (SE ± 0.79) pairs/season. The average number of eggs hatched and chicks fledged per year for pairs was 2.2 ± 0.23 and 0.8 ± 0.16 respectively. Reasons for egg losses often went undetected (68%) but known sources included: tidal flooding (2%), human disturbance (4%), and predation (26%). Reasons for chick loss were generally not detected (99%). For eggs in artificial nests, overall egg removal was 84% and the two main predators based on visible footprints in sand were avian: gulls and crows. Results suggested that gulls predated significantly fewer eggs at artificial nests than crows, althou...
Is Seeing Gesture Necessary to Gesture Like a Native Speaker

Speakers of all languages gesture, but there are differences in the gestures that they produce. Do speakers learn language-specific gestures by watching others gesture or by learning to speak a particular language? We examined this question by studying the speech and gestures produced by 40 congenitally blind adult native speakers of English and Turkish (n = 20/language), and comparing them with the speech and gestures of 40 sighted adult speakers in each language (20 wearing blindfolds, 20 not wearing blindfolds). We focused on speakers' descriptions of physical motion, which display strong cross-linguistic differences in patterns of speech and gesture use. Congenitally blind speakers of English and Turkish produced speech that resembled the speech produced by sighted speakers of their native language. More important, blind speakers of each language used gestures that resembled the gestures of sighted speakers of that language. Our results suggest that hearing a particular language is sufficient to gesture like a native speaker of that language.
The Open, All-Suture Repair Technique for the Treatment of Athletic Pubalgia

Athletic pubalgia or sports hernia is a condition of chronic groin and lower abdominal pain in athletics, but can also be found in nonathletes. This chapter describes our institution’s multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and surgical technique for the repair of athletic pubalgia.
Temperature Dependence of the Diffusion Coefficient of PCBM in Poly(3-hexylthiophene)

Interest in new functional small molecule and polymer blends, such as polymer–fullerene bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells motivates the development of new methods to measure the diffusion coefficient of molecular species (e.g., PCBM) in polymers. The aim of this study is to systematically improve our understanding of the relevant material and processing parameters needed to control the microstructure of BHJ organic solar cells in order to develop a more complete understanding of how to improve its power conversion efficiency. Here, we fabricate a terraced monolayer–bilayer sample of P3HT and P3HT/PCBM and use this structure to quantify both the volume fraction of miscible PCBM in P3HT and the diffusion coefficient of disordered PCBM in disordered P3HT. Our findings reveal that the diffusion coefficient for disordered PCBM in P3HT is strongly dependent on the annealing temperature (i.e., increasing by 3 orders of magnitude when doubling the annealing temperature) and weakly dependent on the PCB...
Investigation of mosquitoes in frontier ports between Russia and China in Heilongjiang Province

Objective To investigate the species distribution and population composition of mosquitoes in frontier ports between Russia and China in Heilongjiang province.Methods Bed net trap,light trap and insect net trap were used in the investigation,and the data of mosquitoes about species distribution in frontier ports of Russia and Heilongjiang Province were collected.Results Totally 15 300 mosquitoes belonging to 4 genera 36 species were recorded from 6 frontier ports,of which 32 species distributed in Changbaishan subregion(3 cities and counties),27 species distributed in Daxinganling subregion(3 cities and counties).Mosquitoe species distributions were showed as follow:28 species in Raohe,21 species in Heihe,20 species in Luobei,20 species in Mohe,13 species in Suifenhe and 10 species in Xunke.The dominant species was Ades vexans(88.7%).The population composition of mosquitoes varied with different habitats and places.Aedes punctor was dominant species in May,while Aedes vexans was dominant species during June to September.Conclusion The investigation can provide basis for studying on basic data,disease vectors and mosquito control in frontier ports between Russia and China in Heilongjiang Province.
A Study of the Wound in Stories by Franz Kafka

(1966). A Study of the Wound in Stories by Franz Kafka. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 202-217.
Social Competence and STEM: Teen Mentors in a Makerspace

We study the experiences of high school student volunteers as mentors in a public makerspace for children. Based on interviews, we present the teenagers' varied backgrounds, doubts, and lessons learned. While most studies around maker activities have focused on learning of STEM subject matter, our findings point to an additional outcome, an empowerment in social competence. We discuss our insights about teenage mentorship in makerspaces and propose future research directions.
Ascorbate radical: A valuable marker of oxidative stress

The ascorbate anion is an endogenous water-soluble antioxidant that is present in biological systems. The one-electron oxidation of ascorbate produces the ascorbate free radical that is easily detectable by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). even in room temperature aqueous solution. The ascorbate radical has a relatively long lifetime compared to other free radicals, such as hydroxyl, peroxyl, and carbon-centered lipid radicals. This longer lifetime in conjunction with its relatively narrow EPR linewidth makes it easily detectable by EPR. In this essay we describe the EPR detection of the ascorbate radical and its use as a marker of oxidative stress.
Modeling Community Engagement in an Undergraduate Course in Psychology at an HBCU.

This article describes an undergraduate course in community psychology at an Historically Black University. The course integrated community engagement using a local neighborhood revitalization proj...
Multiple Roles of Midlife Women

The flexible boundaries of the midlife period are sometimes said to include persons from ages 35 to 64. Midlife is a heterogeneous category, subsuming decisively different life courses. What “midlife” entails is a function, at least in part, of experiences and transitions in earlier periods. Women who currently fall into this category include the first of the baby boom, the veterans of the Feminine Mystique and the Great Depression eras and more than a few flappers. Different birth cohorts among today’s midlife women experienced predictable life transitions in different historical times. In addition, individuals within birth cohorts differ in the timing, sequencing, spacing, and duration of such life transitions as completing schooling, starting a family, and establishing careers.
Effects of a Carbohydrate and Protein Recovery Beverage on Performance in Trained Weightlifters

INTRODUCTION: Previous investigations have examined nutrient timing with untrained subject and less is known about effects in trained subjects.OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a carbohydrate and protein supplement (CHO+PROT) on performance measures in trained weightlifters.METHODS: 10 trained weightlifters (30.8±5.1 years, 177.4 ±4.0 cm, 94.3 ± 12.4 kg, training age = 5.3 ± 2.9 years) completed a 12 week training program utilizing block periodization. Using a double blind placebo design, jump height, scaled peak power measured in vertical jumps and peak force and rate of force development measured in isometric mid-thigh pulls were compared between groups using a series of 2x4 (group x time) repeated measures ANOVA’s.RESULTS: No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between treatment and placebo groups in respect to measures of jump height and peak power with weighted and unweighted jumps. Likewise, no statistical differences (p > 0.05) were observed for peak force or rate of force development with isometric mid-thigh pulls.CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that a CHO+PROT supplement provided no additional performance benefits compared to a placebo within a 12 week block periodization protocol in trained weightlifters.
Mechanisms of Hippocampal Aging and the Potential for Rejuvenation

The past two decades have seen remarkable progress in our understanding of the multifactorial drivers of hippocampal aging and cognitive decline. Recent findings have also raised the possibility of functional rejuvenation in the aged hippocampus. In this review, we aim to synthesize the mechanisms that drive hippocampal aging and evaluate critically the potential for rejuvenation. We discuss the functional changes in synaptic plasticity and regenerative potential of the aged hippocampus, followed by mechanisms of microglia aging, and assess the cross talk between these proaging processes. We then examine proyouth interventions that demonstrate significant promise in reversing age-related impairments in the hippocampus and, finally, attempt to look ahead toward novel therapeutics for brain aging.
A Four Point Student-Led Strategy for Attracting Diverse Small College Commuter Campus Students to Computer Science: (Abstract Only)

Currently, there is a push for integrating computer science education and computational thinking into the classroom. For example, major local and national organizations such as CS4ALL: NYC and Code.org aim to expose all students, including typically underrepresented groups, to computer science education nurturing students' intrinsic motivation. Furthermore, current research indicates that first-exposure to computer science is an important deciding factor as to whether students are open to computer science in future endeavors. Being one of the most diverse campuses in the nation, and a commuter campus, The State University of New York (SUNY) Old Westbury provides a unique opportunity to pilot how one might go about creating a motivating first exposure to computer science. Through a four point student-led strategy, we explore student pre-conceived attitudes towards computer science and programming to better understand what strategies might increase CS engagement. In order to do this, we host workshops revolving around creative computer science activities such as 3D game design and multimedia art projects. During these workshops, we collect pre and post questionnaires and use their data to gain insight into the Old Westbury student body's notions of computer science. Initial analyzed pre-survey data shows that 70% of students thought Computer Science was difficult. However, post-survey data shows that, after the experience, approximately 90% of students want to take additional workshops involving Computer Science.
Autoimmune Disease in the Kidney

In light of the tremendous amount of cellular, molecular, and genetic information identifying key aspects of autoimmune diseases, it is arguably apparent that the manifestation of autoimmune disease is governed by the acquisition of multiple immune-compromising traits. These traits increase susceptibility and drive disease. To identify critical traits, or hallmarks, of autoimmune diseases, we asked what hallmarks were shared among three kidney autoimmune diseases: Anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) nephritis, and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic-autoantibody (ANCA) pauci-immune small vessel vasculitis. At least six hallmarks emerged: (1) autoreactive cells evade deletion, (2) presence of asymptomatic autoantibodies, (3) hyperactivity of Fc–FcR pathway, (4) susceptibility to environmental impact, (5) antigenic modifications of self proteins, (6) microbial infections. We propose that these hallmarks, in spite of the mechanism through which they arise, are shared by most, if not all, autoantibody-mediated diseases.
Intellectual Property, Digital Technology and the Developing World

This chapter provides an overview of how the converging ICTs are challenging the traditional off-line copyright doctrine and suggests how developing countries should approach issues such as copyright in the digital world, software (Protection, Open Source, Reverse Engineering), and data base protection. The balance of the chapter is organized into three sections. After the introduction, the second section explains how digital technology is dramatically changing the entertainment industry, what are the major challenges to the industry, and what are the approaches that the economic literature suggest to face the structural changes that the digital revolution is bringing forward. Starting from the assumption that IPRs frameworks need to be customized to the countries’ development needs, the third section makes recommendations on how developing countries should use copyright to support access to information and to creative industries.
What About the Rest of the Universe

What conditions would be required elsewhere in the Universe to support life? Perhaps we can explore this possibility by studying the conditions in which Earthly extremophiles exist. We fi nd that many living forms can exist under vastly different circumstances than what we would ordinarily think would be required to support life. This chapter describes some of them, then extends these conditions to outer space to infer the possible existence of extraterrestrial life. Finally, the several decade Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, SETI, is described.
Contrasting properties of NMDA-dependent and NMDA-independent forms of LTP in hippocampal pyramidal cells

Repetitive activation of a number of different types of synapses evokes a persistent enhancement in synaptic strength. This use dependent enhancement is referred to as long-term potentiation (LTP) and is thought to underlie certain forms of learning. The properties of LTP elicited in different pathways or even in the same pathway under different conditions can differ substantially. The LTP evoked in excitatory synapses in the dentate gyrus and CA1 region of the hippocampus has been studied in most detail and is known to require the activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor subtype. Ca++ enters the cell through the NMDA receptors and is thought to be responsible for triggering LTP.
Naturally occurring change in Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 scores over time in multiple sclerosis.

AIM This study examined the trajectory and pattern of naturally occurring change in perceived walking impairment over a 30-month period in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). PATIENTS & METHODS Two hundred and sixty-nine persons with RRMS completed the 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12) every 6 months over a 30-month period. Data were analyzed using latent growth curve modeling and latent class growth curve modeling. RESULTS Latent growth curve modeling demonstrated that a linear trajectory adequately described the group-level pattern of change in MSWS-12 scores over time. Latent class growth curve modeling supported a three-class model for describing the heterogeneity of changes in MSWS-12 scores over time. CONCLUSION Walking impairment does change over time in RRMS, and this can be described by three patterns of change trajectories that differed based on initial status of walking impairment.
Properties of Quantum Dots and Their Biological Applications

Abstract Confined electrons are found everywhere in nature in the form of atoms in which the Coulomb attraction of the nucleus confines the orbiting electrons. Nanotechnology has provided us an alternative way to confine electrons by means of an artificial confining potential. Quantum dots are typical examples that represent nanoscale systems made of a few confined electrons. There are many types of quantum dots, ranging from self-assembled to lithographically engineered semiconductor quantum dots. In this work we mostly describe electrostatically confined semiconductor quantum dots where the electrostatic confining potential is generated by external electrodes, doping, strain, or other factors. The main focus of this contribution is on low-dimensional nanodot systems from the perspective of their unique electronic and/or magnetic properties at the nanoscale range. Nanoscale quantum dot systems have gained tremendous attention during the last decades due to their unique electro-optical properties. They have had a significant impact on research in many fields across the physical, chemical, and biological sciences. Some of their properties make them particularly attractive for biological applications. Therefore, in this contribution, we also provide a brief overview of a few concepts and approaches that are needed to understand their unique electro-optical properties and explain possible biological applications.
Pesticides, selected elements, and other chemicals in infant and toddler total diet samples, October 1978-September 1979.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) conducts Total Diet Studies to determine the dietary intake of selected pesticides, industrial chemicals, and elements (including radionuclides). These studies involve the retail purchase and analysis of foods representative of the diets of infants, toddlers, and adults. The individual food items are separated into a number of food groups, each of which is analyzed as a composite. This report summarizes the results for infant and toddler Total Diet samples collected in 10 cities between October 1978 and September 1979. The average concentration, range of concentrations, and calculated average daily intake of the chemicals found are presented by food group. The average daily intakes of the chemicals are similar to those found in the several preceding years and generally are within acceptable limits. The results for samples collected during the same period that represent the adult diet are reported separately.
Signaling Crosstalk Mechanisms That May Fine-Tune Pathogen-Responsive NFκB

Precise control of inflammatory gene expression is critical for effective host defense without excessive tissue damage. The principal regulator of inflammatory gene expression is nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), a transcription factor. Nuclear NFκB activity is controlled by IκB proteins, whose stimulus-responsive degradation and re-synthesis provide for transient or dynamic regulation. The IκB-NFκB signaling module receives input signals from a variety of pathogen sensors, such as toll-like receptors (TLRs). The molecular components and mechanisms of NFκB signaling are well-understood and have been reviewed elsewhere in detail. Here we review the molecular mechanisms that mediate cross-regulation of TLR-IκB-NFκB signal transduction by signaling pathways that do not activate NFκB themselves, such as interferon signaling pathways. We distinguish between potential regulatory crosstalk mechanisms that (i) occur proximal to TLRs and thus may have stimulus-specific effects, (ii) affect the core IκB-NFκB signaling module to modulate NFκB activation in response to several stimuli. We review some well-documented examples of molecular crosstalk mechanisms and indicate other potential mechanisms whose physiological roles require further study.
Does use of axillary ultrasound in clinically node‐negative patients receiving neo‐adjuvant systemic therapy for breast cancer lead to surgical overtreatment?

Increased use of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for breast cancer has raised uncertainty regarding staging of the axilla, particularly for patients with a clinically negative axillary physical examination (PE). We sought to determine whether axillary ultrasound (AUS) prior to NAC to identify occult nodal disease is beneficial in patients with a clinically negative examination by evaluating the difference in nodal burden on final pathology in those with abnormal vs normal AUS. A retrospective review of an institutional cancer registry identified patients who underwent NAC for breast cancer and had a pretreatment AUS. Differences in the number of positive lymph nodes (PLN) in patients with a normal axillary PE and abnormal vs normal AUS prior to NAC were determined. A total of 120 patients who received NAC had a negative axillary PE prior to treatment. Fifty-three had an abnormal AUS and biopsy-proven lymph node (LN) involvement. In patients with an abnormal AUS, median number of PLNs at surgery was 1 vs 0 for those with a normal AUS (mean difference of 2.12, P < .0001). Of those patients with an abnormal AUS and biopsy-proven LN involvement, 87% underwent axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and nearly half had no PLN on final pathology (N = 23, 43%). Patients with a clinically negative axilla and an abnormal AUS were more likely to have PLN at the time of surgery. However, almost half of those patients had no residual LN involvement. Routine AUS prior to NAC may lead to more extensive surgical management of the axilla.
Understanding and mitigating performance decline in electrochemical deionization

Capacitive deionization based on carbonaceous electrodes represents an energy-efficient technology suitable for low-salinity brackish water desalination where high recovery rates are critical to economic viability. Substituting insertion compounds for carbonaceous materials in electrochemical desalination electrodes enables higher ion adsorption capacities, excellent energy efficiency in higher salinity feedwaters, and selective removal of target ions. Despite the promise of electrochemical desalination processes, the durability of the electrode materials when treating complex waters is a documented issue that has not been systematically investigated. The present work reviews recent work on the impact of fouling on the performance of carbonaceous and insertion-based electrochemical desalination processes; discusses key factors controlling the corrosion/degradation of carbonaceous and insertion-based electrodes used in electrochemical desalination; and identifies potential strategies for improving the fouling tolerance and minimizing the corrosion or degradation of carbonaceous and insertion based electrodes.
Specialized RSC: Substrate Specificities for a Conserved Chromatin Remodeler

The remodel the structure of chromatin (RSC) nucleosome remodeling complex is a conserved chromatin regulator with roles in chromatin organization, especially over nucleosome depleted regions therefore functioning in gene expression. Recent reports in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have identified specificities in RSC activity toward certain types of nucleosomes. RSC has now been shown to preferentially evict nucleosomes containing the histone variant H2A.Z in vitro. Furthermore, biochemical activities of distinct RSC complexes has been found to differ when their nucleosome substrate is partially unraveled. Mammalian BAF complexes, the homologs of yeast RSC and SWI/SNF complexes, are also linked to nucleosomes with H2A.Z, but this relationship may be complex and extent of conservation remains to be determined. The interplay of remodelers with specific nucleosome substrates and regulation of remodeler outcomes by nucleosome composition are tantalizing questions given the wave of structural data emerging for RSC and other SWI/SNF family remodelers.
Characterization of prolonged COVID-19 symptoms and patient comorbidities in an outpatient telemedicine cohort

Abstract We identified patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a telemedicine clinic who requested ongoing follow-up 6 weeks after symptom onset. Patients with prolonged symptoms often have not returned to work or usual activity. Respiratory symptoms are most common, and underlying asthma and lung disease occur frequently.
Sex Education Programs for Preteens: A Review of Relevant Outcome Studies in Nine Countries

Most sex education programs (SEPs) are designed for children in middle and high schools. This study aimed to analyze sex education curricula with a mission to educate pre-pubertal children. A systematic review found 60 research-based studies on SEPs published in 2005–2019 for preteens. Only eleven studies contained SEP contents, delivery methods, evaluation data, and implications for preteens. Among these SEPs, only one study focused solely on preteens. Since the SEP delivery methods were diversely implemented, this review could not generate a standardized curriculum for young children. It was also surprising that school social workers were not mentioned as a leader in planning or implementing these SEPs. Three strategies and three practice insights were generated for social workers in planning SEPs for preteens. Social workers may initiate a faculty team with nurses, teachers and other professionals to deliver formal sex education for young children in various settings.
Reynolds v. McNichols

This re-written opinion takes a feminist lens to the 1973 case Reyolds v. McNichols, concerning Roxanne Reynolds, who was repeatedly arrested on suspicion of and for “prostitution” and subject to forced examination and treatment during these arrests. Reynolds argued that the City of Denver's Municipal Public Health Ordinance was unconstitutional because it was irrational, arbitrary, and subjected Reynolds to involuntary treatment and that the ordinance violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment because it was being applied against female sex workers and not their male clients. The original decision held for the government rejecting all of Reynolds’ constitutional claims. The rewritten opinion takes a different turn. First, the author finds that arresting, detaining and treating women, and not their male clients, is an equal protection violation. Second, through a detailed review of the probable cause requirement of the Fourth Amendment, this new decision highlights that the City of Denver does not have probable cause to detain and arrest a person simply because she is a sex worker. And, finally, the author shows how the then newly-developing right to privacy protected Reynolds’ right to refuse treatment.
Conditional RAC1 knockout in motor neurons restores H-reflex rate-dependent depression after spinal cord injury

A major complication with spinal cord injury (SCI) is the development of spasticity, a clinical symptom of hyperexcitability within the spinal H-reflex pathway. We have previously demonstrated a common structural motif of dendritic spine dysgenesis associated with hyperexcitability disorders after injury or disease insults to the CNS. Here, we used an adeno-associated viral (AAV)-mediated Cre-Lox system to knockout Rac1 protein expression in motor neurons after SCI. Three weeks after AAV9-Cre delivery into the soleus/gastrocnemius of Rac1-"floxed" adult mice to retrogradely infect spinal alpha-motor neurons, we observed significant restoration of RDD and reduced H-reflex excitability in SCI animals. Additionally, viral-mediated Rac1 knockdown reduced presence of dendritic spine dysgenesis on motor neurons. In control SCI animals without Rac1 knockout, we continued to observe abnormal dendritic spine morphology associated with hyperexcitability disorder, including an increase in mature, mushroom dendritic spines, and an increase in overall spine length and spine head size. Taken together, our results demonstrate that viral-mediated disruption of Rac1 expression in ventral horn motor neurons can mitigate dendritic spine morphological correlates of neuronal hyperexcitability, and reverse hyperreflexia associated with spasticity after SCI. Finally, our findings provide evidence of a putative mechanistic relationship between motor neuron dendritic spine dysgenesis and SCI-induced spasticity.
Scalar leptoquarks, baryon number violation, and Pati-Salam symmetry

One or more scalar leptoquarks with masses around a few TeV may provide a solution to some of the flavor anomalies that have been observed. We discuss the impact of such new degrees on baryon number violation when the theory is embedded in a Pati-Salam model. The Pati-Salam embedding can suppress renormalizable and dimension-five baryon number violation in some cases. Our work extends the results of Assad, Grinstein, and Fornal who considered the same issue for vector leptoquarks.
Retinal Microvasculature in Schizophrenia.

Purpose Schizophrenia is associated with alterations in neural structure and function of the retina that are similar to changes seen in the retina and brain in multiple neurodegenerative disorders. Preliminary evidence suggests that retinal microvasculature may also be compromised in schizophrenia. The goal of this study was to determine, using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), whether 1) schizophrenia is associated with alterations in retinal microvasculature density; and 2) microvasculature reductions are associated with retinal neural layer thinning and performance on a measure of verbal IQ. Patients and Methods Twenty-eight outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 37 psychiatrically healthy control subjects completed OCT and OCTA exams, and the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading. Results Schizophrenia patients were characterized by retinal microvasculature density reductions, and enlarged foveal avascular zones, in both eyes. These microvascular abnormalities were generally associated with thinning of retinal neural (macular and peripapillary nerve fiber layer) tissue (but the data were stronger for the left than the right eye) and lower scores on a proxy measure of verbal IQ. First- and later-episode patients did not differ significantly on OCTA findings. Conclusion The retinal microvasculature impairments seen in schizophrenia appear to be a biomarker of overall brain health, as is the case for multiple neurological conditions. Additional research is needed, however, to clarify contributions of social disadvantage and medical comorbidities to the findings.
Clinical Preventive Services and Self-Management Practices Among Adult Cancer Survivors in the United States Over Time

The objective of this research was to determine if the engagement/participation in health promotion activities of cancer survivors in the United States (US) changed between 2006 and 2015. We pooled two independent cross-sectional data of cancer survivors using Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys from 2006 (N = 791; weighted N = 9,532,674) and 2015 (N = 1067; weighted N = 15,744,959). Health promoting activities consisted of past year influenza immunization, routine physical examination, and dental visit. Self-care included maintaining normal weight, not smoking, and engagement in recommended vigorous physical activity. We conducted unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses to examine the change in engagement in health promoting activities over time. We found rates of annual influenza immunization (66.8% vs 70.3%), dental visit (71.8% vs 70.3%), and normal weight (33.9% vs 33.5%) did not change from 2006 to 2015. The percent with physical examination (90.8% vs 93.8%; P = .03) and non-smokers increased (87.9% vs 91.2; P = .04). Between 2006 and 2015, despite guidelines and recommendations for personalized cancer survivorship health plans, health promoting activities among cancer survivors did not change significantly.
Todavia mas solitarios

La polemica directa entre academicos puede ser uitil para acrecentar el entendimiento mutuo, si las partes contendientes resisten la tentaci6n de superar al otro en vez de ocuparse realmente de su punto de vista. Por esta razon doy la bienvenida al debate que se ha suscitado en torno a mi evaluaci6n de la interpretacion de Immanuel Wallerstein respecto del sistema mundial, asi como a la discusi6n sobre la alternativa que propuse desde la optica de la historia latinoamericana y caribefia. No obstante, el comentario de Wallerstein se halla tan oscurecido por errores y tergiversiones, que no contribuye gran cosa al tipo de polemica constructiva que hace avanzar el conocimiento. Una refutacion puntual de cada uno de los aspectos que toca no serviria de mucho a los lectores atentos, a mas que sobrepasaria el espacio destinado a esta breve replica. Por ende, me limitare a ilustrar la profusion de errores y tergiversiones que aparecen en los comentarios de Wallerstein sobre la plata. A continuaci6n me ocupare de sus observaciones sobre el aziucar, como un ejemplo del metodo reduccionista que termina por hacer que su analisis se tome unidimensional y que el valor explicativo de este se malogre. Al final, abordare los problemas mas amplios que estan en juego en esta polemica. El examen que hace Wallerstein sobre la plata distorsiona crasamente mis afirmaciones y presentaciones de datos en su afan por hacerlos concordar con su tesis. Atendamos, por ejemplo, a lo que hace con la cronologia de los convenios de participaci6n en el Potosi. En su versi6n de mi presentaci6n, la segunda fase de las relaciones de trabajo (desde el decenio de 1570 hasta alrededor de 1600) fue de "pura mita",1 y fueron insignificantes las partes en mineral para los trabajadores reclutados mitayos.2 S61o hasta la tercera fase de las relaciones de trabajo (el aiio de 1600) se desarrollo en Potosi un sistema mixto de trabajo forzado y voluntario. Segin
Challenging Racism and White Privilege in Undergraduate Theology Contexts: Teaching and Learning Strategies for Maximizing the Promise of Community Service-Learning

This paper explores the possibilities and challenges inherent in employing community service-learning as a pedagogy for engaging undergraduates in theology and religious studies courses that contribute to racial reconciliation. The paper summarizes research from the scholarship of teaching and learning on best practices for structuring service-learning projects and processes that hold the possibility of students' genuine engagement with issues of race and the wisdom of the Catholic tradition.
Reducing power-supply and ground noise induced timing jitter in short pulse generation circuits

This paper presents a study of power-supply noise and ground noise impact on the timing properties of short pulse generation circuits. The timing jitter of the measured pulses is mainly from the trigger pulse generator in the circuit consisting of conventional CMOS inverters and NAND gates. Furthermore, the response surface model combined with Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) is proposed to model the timing jitter of short pulse generation circuits. The analytical model is verified with Cadence using 0.13 µm CMOS technology. In order to reduce the timing jitter, MOS current-mode logic (MCML) circuits are used in the trigger pulse generator. Up to 50% improvement on the timing jitter can be obtained, due to the differential structure of MCML circuits.
11 THz figure-of-merit phase-change RF switches for reconfigurable wireless front-ends

We report on GeTe-based, phase-change RF switches in a series configuration with an embedded micro-heater for thermal switching. With heater parasitics reduced, these GeTe RF switches show on-state resistance of 0.12 ohm*mm and off-state capacitance of 0.12 pF/mm. The RF switch figure-of-merit is estimated to be 11 THz, which is about 15 times better than state-of-the-art silicon-on-insulator switches. With 50-µm-wide GeTe switches, RF insertion loss was 0.25 dB and isolation was 24 dB at 20 GHz. Harmonic powers were suppressed >90 dBc at 35 dBm, meeting wireless requirements. The GeTe switches were characterized under W-CDMA signals without spectral regrowth up to 25 dBm.
Gut-associated cross-differentiation of T lymphocyte lineages (LYM7P.726)

Peripheral regulatory T cells engage in a necessary role in maintaining the volatile balance between the normal flora of the gut and the host immune system. However, the clonal origin of peripheral Treg cells is not well understood and has proven difficult to elucidate in the presence of naturally occurring thymic Treg cells. We hypothesized that the gut-associated environment enables cross differentiation of the CD8 T cell lineage to CD4 Treg cells for the regulation of immune cell homeostasis. Our preliminary examination found evidence for cross-differentiation from the CD8 lineage to CD4 effector and regulatory T cells. Further studies showed that these cross-differentiated CD4 Treg cells were effective in protecting from intestinal inflammatory damage. We found that in transfer experiments mature CD8 T cells were capable of cross-differentiating into CD4 T cells. Results from normal flora depletion studies by broad spectrum antibiotics showed that cross-differentiation of CD8 T cells into CD4 T cells was dependent on the normal flora of the gut. The results that we have obtained suggest that CD8 T cells have the potential to cross-differentiate into CD4 T cells and Treg cells. This pathway may participate in regulating and maintaining the fine balance of tolerance and immunity between normal flora and host immune system.
Effects of effortful swallow on esophageal function in healthy adults

Background Treatment for esophageal dysmotility is currently limited to primarily pharmacologic intervention, which has questionable utility and frequently associated negative side effects. A potential behavioral intervention for esophageal dysmotility is the effortful oropharyngeal swallow. A previous pilot study using water perfusion manometry found an increase in distal esophageal amplitudes during effortful vs non-effortful swallowing. The current study sought to duplicate the previous study with improvements in methodology. Methods The effects of swallow condition (effortful vs non-effortful), sensor site, and gender on esophageal amplitude, duration, velocity, and bolus clearance were examined for 18 adults (nine males and nine females, mean age = 29.9 years) via combined solid-state manometry and intraluminal impedance. Key Results The effortful swallow condition yielded significantly higher esophageal amplitudes across all sensor locations (P < 0.05). Further, the effortful swallowing decreased the risk of incomplete bolus clearance when compared with non-effortful swallowing (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.30–0.86). Conclusions & Inferences With improved manometric instrumentation, larger participant numbers, and methodology that controlled for potential confounding factors, this study confirms and advances the results of the previous pilot study: Volitional manipulation of the oropharyngeal phase of swallowing using the effortful swallow indeed affects esophageal physiology. Thus, the effortful swallow offers a behavioral manipulation of the esophageal phase of swallowing, and future studies will determine its clinical potential for treating esophageal dysmotility in patient populations.
An overview of selected current approaches to the characterization of aqueous inorganic clusters

This Perspective article highlights some of the traditional and non-traditional analytical tools that are presently used to characterize aqueous inorganic nanoscale clusters and polyoxometalate ions. The techniques discussed in this article include nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), dynamic and phase analysis light scattering (DLS and PALS), Raman spectroscopy, and quantum mechanical computations (QMC). For each method we briefly describe how it functions and illustrate how these techniques are used to study cluster species in the solid state and in solution through several representative case studies. In addition to highlighting the utility of these techniques, we also discuss limitations of each approach and measures that can be applied to circumvent such limits as it pertains to aqueous inorganic cluster characterization.