cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Father Contributions to Cortisol Responses in Infancy and Toddlerhood

The current study is one of the first prospective examinations of longitudinal associations between observed father caregiving behaviors and child cortisol reactivity and regulation in response to emotional arousal. Observations of father and mother caregiving behaviors and child cortisol levels in response to challenges at 7 months and 24 months of child age were collected. Analyses were based on a subsample of children from the Family Life Project who lived with both their biological mothers and fathers and for whom there was at least partial cortisol data (7 months: n = 717; 24 months: n = 579). At the challenge conducted at 7 months of child age, 49.0% of the sample were girls; racial composition of the sample was 25.8% African American and 74.2% European American. At the challenge conducted at 24 months of child age 49.9% of the sample were girls; racial composition was 24.7% African American and 75.3% European American. We conducted analyses across assessment points simultaneously using mixed linear modeling for repeated measures data to test for differential effects of fathering across infancy and toddlerhood. Concurrent measures of father negativity were positively associated with greater increases in child cortisol levels in response to emotion challenge at 7 months (p = .01) and with higher overall levels of cortisol at 24 months (p < .001). However, there was no evidence that father caregiving during infancy independently predicted later cortisol activity during toddlerhood.
Penetration of Dynamo-generated Magnetic Fields into the Sun’s Radiative Interior

Any large-scale magnetic fields present in solar/stellar radiative interiors have so far been thought to be primordial or residuals from extinct dynamos. We show that a regular cyclic dynamo can also be the origin of strong magnetic fields in the solar radiative tachocline and interior below. By exploiting a kinematic, mean-field flux-transport dynamo, we show that for a wide range of core-diffusivity values, from 10 9 cm 2 s � 1 down to a molecular diffusivity of 10 3 cm 2 s � 1 , oscillatory dynamo fields penetrate below the tachocline. Amplitudes of these fields are in the range of � 1k G to 3; 10 3 kG, depending on core diffusivity value, when the dynamo produces � 100 kG peak toroidal fields in the overshoot tachocline. For a low enough core diffusivity (P107 cm 2 s � 1 ), there is also a steady (nonreversing) dynamo in the radiative tachocline and below, which generates strong toroidal field of amplitude � 1k G to 3;10 3 kG or more there. The key elements in this dynamo are the low diffusivity, the differential rotation near the bottom of the tachocline, and an assumed tachocline � -effect. The Lorentz force feedback may limit oscillatory dynamo fields to � 30 kG, for which the mean nonreversing toroidal fields is still � 300 kG, for the lowest core diffusivity value. The presence of strong oscillatory and steady toroidal fields in the radiative tachocline implies that there cannot be a slow tachocline; the dynamics should always be fast there, dominated by MHD. These results are obtained using solar parameters, but they should also apply generally to stars with convecting shells and perhaps also with convective cores.
Conservative and opportunistic settlement strategies in Arctic-breeding shorebirds

ABSTRACT Shorebirds seem to have evolved a number of strategies for adapting to and exploiting the unpredictable and inhospitable Arctic environment. Two such strategies put forth by Holmes and Pitelka suggest that species either conservatively or opportunistically select breeding locations based on local environmental conditions. “Conservative” species were characterized by strong site fidelity and territoriality, consistent population densities, relatively even spacing of individuals, and monogamous mating systems, while “opportunistic” species exhibited opposite traits and were polygamous. Here, we assessed whether 10 shorebird species consistently exhibited these settlement strategies over a 10-year period (2003–2012) near Barrow, Alaska, by comparing annual estimates of site fidelity, territoriality, and population density. Additionally, we determined the relative importance of past and current environmental and social conditions in predicting annual breeding densities of these same species. Data fro...
Exploiting Differences in Myocardial Compartments With Native T1 and Extracellular Volume Fraction for the Diagnosis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

The detection of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is important. It is the most common genetic cardiomyopathy usually caused by autosomal-dominant mutations in the proteins of the cardiomyocyte sarcomere. (1) The diagnosis carries important implications for the patient and family. Although most people with HCM have normal life expectancy, a minority do not and are prone to heart failure, stroke, and sudden death. HCM is the most common cause of sudden death in young people. Genotyping may help with diagnosis, but the cardiology community requires more robust tools to (1) characterize phenotypes and their stages of evolution and (2) understand the underlying disease processes, particularly as new therapeutic approaches are being considered. See Article by Hinojar et al Clinicians often face the challenge of distinguishing HCM from hypertensive heart disease (HHD). This overlap in phenotype creates a diagnostic dilemma. Both exhibit left ventricular hypertrophy with HCM frequently having specific features, such as asymmetrical hypertrophy or other functional and morphological abnormalities (dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, elongated mitral valve leaflets, aberrant papillary muscle configuration, apical aneurysms, and myocardial crypts). Nevertheless, ascertaining early or morphologically mild HCM may still be difficult.1 In this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging , Hinojar et al2 analyze data from the International T1 Multicenter Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) Study and report that myocardial tissue characterization with CMR T1 mapping may help. Tissue characterization with late gadolinium enhancement is familiar, but why go beyond it? Although HCM is fundamentally a cardiomyocyte disease (sarcomere protein mutations), myocardial fibrosis characterized by disproportionate collagen accumulation is a key pathogenic process, associated with systolic and diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmias, capillary rarefaction, and decreased perfusion reserve.3 LGE detects fibrosis, but the technique depends on regional heterogeneity. It cannot depict diffuse interstitial expansion. LGE is a detector of focal fibrosis only. Focal and …
Radioisotopic Labeling of Proteins for Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

The metabolic labeling of proteins with radiolabeled amino acids, either to determine the rate of synthesis or to identify proteins following separation by gel electrophoresis, at first sight appears trivial. However, there are a number of important methodological considerations to be aware of in these procedures. Principal among these is the problem of intracellular amino acid pools and the effects of changing these on the metabolism of the cell. Fortunately, amino acid intracellular pools equilibrate rapidly with the external media, maximally within 5 min for valine and usually within 1 min for amino acids, such as leucine. Thus, providing a large extracellular pool of nonradioactive amino acids is maintained, the radiolabeled essential amino acid is introduced at low concentrations, and labeling continues for at least 10 times the pool equilibration time, accurate protein synthetic rates can be determined. This experimental design, however, can rarely be achieved if labeling of proteins to high specific activity is required, for example, for detection of all but a few of the most abundant cellular proteins following separation by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Usually, in these cases, the external amino acid, often methionine and/or cysteine, is removed and substituted with a low concentration of very high specific activity cognate amino acid. This manipulation, however, will inhibit the initiation of ribosomes onto mRNA (1), which, in turn, results in the selective translation of high-efficiency mRNAs (2) and, therefore, the detection of a biased profile of proteins. Furthermore, the reduction in the rate of ribosome initiation will result in a reduced level of radioactive incorporation into proteins. Considerable care, therefore, should be taken in extrapolating the results obtained to physiological circumstances. Thus, as in all experiments, careful thought should be given to the experimental end point. For example, it is often better to reduce the media concentration of the amino acid used to label to a one-tenth or one-hundredth concentration (media amino acids are always available in excess) and label for several hours or to equilibrium, rather than to use short pulses given in the absence of the external amino acid. These conditions, however, would not suffice if the experimenter wishes to analyze proteins synthesized rap-
Functionalization of graphene by atmospheric pressure plasma jet in air or H 2 O 2 environments

Abstract The functionalization of graphene, which deforms its band structure, can result in a metal-semiconductor transition. In this work, we report a facile strategy to oxidize single-layer graphene using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) that generates a variety of reactive plasma species at close to ambient temperature. We systematically characterized the oxygen content and chemical structure of the graphene films after plasma treatment under different oxidative conditions (ambient air atmosphere or hydrogen peroxide solution) by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Plasma-treated graphene films containing more than 40% oxygen were obtained in both oxidative environments. Interestingly, prolonged irradiation led to the reduction of graphene oxides. N-doping of graphene also occurred during the APPJ treatment in H2O2 solution; the nitrogen content of the doped graphene was dependent on the duration of irradiation and reached up to 8.1% within 40 min. Moreover, the H2O2 solution served as a buffer layer that prevented damage to the graphene during plasma irradiation. Four-point probe measurement revealed an increase in sheet resistance of the plasma-treated graphene, indicating the transition of the material property from semi-metallic to semiconducting.
HOW EXTERNAL RACIAL CLASSIFICATIONS SHAPE LATINO DATING CHOICES1

Understanding how different dimensions of race relate to the lived experiences of Latinos may shed light on the assimilation trajectories of different segments of the Latino population. Existing research suggests that racial appearance influences Latinos’ socioeconomic outcomes due to discrimination. However, researchers have not examined how Latinos’ perceived race relates to their acceptance of other racial/ethnic groups, thus revealing their agency in the assimilation process and how it is shaped by existing racial structures. Using a sample of over 6000 profiles collected from an internet dating website, this study finds that considering others’ classifications of race in addition to self-identifications changes our understanding of Latinos’ acceptance of other racial/ethnic groups as dates. Latinos who appear White are most likely to exclude Blacks and include Whites as possible dates while the opposite is true for those classified as Black. Latinos perceived as Latino fall somewhere in between those with a White versus Black racial phenotype in their acceptance of Blacks and Whites. These findings suggest that neither external classifications nor self-identifications of race alone can adequately assess the assimilation prospects of self-identified Latinos: those perceived as White may be assuming the position of Whites in the racial hierarchy, those perceived as Black may be assimilating into the bottom of the racial hierarchy along with African Americans, while those perceived as Latino may be maintaining an in-between status.
Stability experiments on the strongest columns and circular arches

Recent theories predict the cross-sectional shapes for the strongest, end-loaded column and the radially loaded arch whose neutral axis is circular. These tapered shapes have higher predicted load-carrying capacities than uniform columns or arches of equal weight and length or span. The purpose of the present experimental investigation was to study the stability of these configurations, modified so that no experimental model had the predicted cross-sectional area of zero where the bending moments vanished. Precise buckling loads were measured on metal models of tapered, pinned-end columns using strain gages and a unique modification of Southwell's method. The dynamic stability of these end-loaded columns under transverse vibrations was observed. Static stability tests were also performed on Plexiglas models of the strongest shaped circular arch and on the uniform circular arch of equal weight and span. The predicted buckling loads for the strongest shapes agreed reasonably well with measurements. The shaped circular arch, however, was found to be an inefficient design for loading applied uniformly across the span rather than in the radial direction.
Safety evaluation of combination carboplatin and toceranib phosphate (Palladia) in tumour-bearing dogs: A phase I dose finding study.

Combination chemotherapy holds promise for improving outcomes in malignancy when compared with single-agent approaches. Care must be taken to avoid overlapping toxicity and to utilize agents with differing mechanisms of action. A phase I dose-finding trial was performed to determine the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) of a concurrent toceranib and doxorubicin (DOX) combination protocol where toceranib dose was maintained at or near 2.75 mg kg-1 by mouth every other day (PO EOD) while escalating DOX dosage. The dose-limiting toxicity was found to be neutropenia and the MTD of the combination was determined to be 25 mg m-2 of DOX q 21 days given concurrently with toceranib 2.75 mg kg-1 PO EOD. This combination was well tolerated with no excessive gastrointestinal toxicity nor novel adverse events (AEs) noted. Anti-tumour activity was observed in the majority of cases. This combination warrants further investigation in the context of phase II/III clinical trials to characterize efficacy and long-term AE profiles.
Influence of Feeding Styles in Early Stage on Children′s Weight in Different Stages

Objective To explore the influence of feeding styles in early stage on children′s weight in different stages.Methods A complete record of 918 healthy infants was selected and then divided into 3 feeding groups:breast feeding, mixed feeding and artificial fee-ding, according to the way of feeding in the first 6 months after birth. Their weights and heights were measured in the 3rd,5th,8th,12th,18th,24th,60th month to conduct the Z score of weight for age (WAZ), weight for height (WHZ) and the body mass index (BMI) of 60-month-old infants.An investigation on the time of adding auxiliary food was conducted.Results The heavier,WAZ and WHZ of breast feeding group in the 3rd month were higher than the other groups,and the differences were statistially significant(F=4.12, 5.66, 5.79 Pa0.05).The WHZ of mixed feeing group in the12th,18th and 24th month were higher than the other groups, the differences were statistically significant(F=3.46,3.08,3.12 Pa0.05).The incidence of obesity at age 5 was lowest if the infants were breast fed consecutively more than 12 months. The 5-year-old children′s incidence of obesity was lower if the children received longer time of breast feeding (χ2=17.353 8 P0.05).The artificial feeding group was the earliest group to be added auxiliary food and the highest incidence of obesity when they were 5 years old(χ2=13.038 2 P0.05).Conclusions Strengthening guardians′ confidence of breast feeding continuously, reducing the usage of bottles, avoiding early auxiliary food adding are the 3 main ways to help infants pass through the short-term risk of insufficient breast milk caused by acceleration of infants′ growth. It will be very necessary to breast feeding continuously for more than 7 months,to feed the babies rationally, and educate parents about the rational time of adding auxiliary food, to avoid the occurrence of childhood obesity.
Significance of Epididymal and Ductal Anomalies Associated with Testicular Maldescent

AbstractEpididymal abnormalities have long been found in conjunction with cryptorchid testicles. The aim of this study was to document the different types of epididymal and ductal anomalies in relation to the position of the cryptorchid testis and to determine their clinical significance. Exploration was performed on 187 cryptorchid testes in 174 boys. The position of the testis and the epididymal and ductal anomalies were documented at operation. A biopsy was taken from the testis or atretic spermatic cord structures for light microscopy. Epididymal, ductal and/or testicular anomalies were detected in 43 per cent of the 187 testes, including anomalies of ductal fusion, anomalies of ductal suspension and anomalies associated with absent or vanishing testes. Biopsy of the testes with severe anomalies of ductal fusion showed preservation of germ cells in 69 per cent and diminished germ cells in 31 per cent. The higher the arrest of testicular descent, the more grossly abnormal was the associated ductal syst...
Dermatoneuro syndrome: A full recovery after a second episode.

Scleromyxedema is a chronic, idiopathic disorder associated with monoclonal gammopathy and characterized by dermal mucin deposition.1 A rare but severe complication of scleromyxedema is dermatoneuro syndrome (DNS), which presents with a flu-like prodrome, skin papules, fever, seizures, and coma. It can have catastrophic systemic effects with a substantial mortality rate of 21%2,3 requiring a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach for early detection and management.
Approaches to quantifying the electronic and steric properties of metallodithiolates as ligands in coordination chemistry

Abstract The well-known steric and electronic factors developed for phosphines by Tolman have influenced the design of organometallic complexes for catalytic processes for nearly a half century. Metallodithiolates as in square planar MN2S2, MP2S2, and MS′2S2 complexes utilize cis-dithiolates as mono- or bidentate donors to exogeneous metals, such as low valent metal carbonyls and nitrosyls wherein their established donor abilities are similar to phosphines. The highly asymmetric heterobimetallic complexes have folded “butterfly” structures deriving from their hinged M(μ-SR)2M′ cores. Analysis of the electronic factors of representatives from a broad series of MN2S2 complexes is referenced to electrochemical redox events as well as the vibrational spectroscopy of diatomic ligand reporters. Steric properties are assessed from XRD studies that yield common metric parameters such as bite angle; they define as well the hinge angle of the bridging thiolate, and the wedge that encompasses the largely planar ligands in bidentate bonding. Adaptation of various approaches to defining ligand steric factors such as the solid angle and percent-buried-volume permits comparison with ligands such as phosphines or simple imines. According to the percent buried volume, spacial requirements of MN2S2 ligands are within a range of 33–36% and in-between the 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane, dppm, (38%) and bipyridine (30%). The asymmetry and tunability of such MN2S2 metalloligands for both electronic and steric control are prospects for applications in catalytic processes.
Cytokine Therapies in Neurological Disease

Cytokines are a heterogeneous group of glycoproteins that coordinate physiological functions. Cytokine deregulation is observed in many neurological diseases. This article reviews current research focused on human clinical trials of cytokine and anticytokine therapies in the treatment of several neurological disease including stroke, neuromuscular diseases, neuroinfectious diseases, demyelinating diseases, and neurobehavioral diseases. This research suggests that cytokine therapy applications may play an important role in offering new strategies for disease modulation and treatment. Further, this research provides insights into the causal link between cytokine deregulation and neurological diseases.
MO-FG-BRB-04: Debater

Building on the energy and excitement of Washington DC in a presidential election year, AAPM will host its own Presidential Debate to better understand the views of the AAPM membership! Past presidents of the AAPM, Drs. Bayouth, Hazle, Herman, and Seibert, will debate hot topics in medical physics including issues facing education, professional practice, and the advancement of science. The moderators, Drs. Brock and Stern, will also draw in topics from Point-Counterpoint articles from the Medical Physics Journals. Wrapping up the debate, the audience will have the opportunity to question the candidates in a town hall format. At the conclusion of this lively debate, the winner will be decided by the audience, so bring your Audience Response Units! Be part of Medical Physics - Decision 2016! Learning Objectives: 1. Understand AAPM members’ views and opinions on issues facing medical physics education 2. Learn AAPM members’ views and opinions on issues facing professional practice 3. Identify AAPM members’ view and opinions on issues facing the advancement of science in medical physics J. Bayouth, Funding support from NCI;Scientific Advisory Board member - ViewRay
On the Coupling of Boundary-Layer and Euler Equation Solutions

Computational methods for inviscid flow have developed to the point where realistic external and internal geometries may be modeled. Improvements are still required to produce accurate, economical results, but progress is being made each year to address this. In many situations, a viscous analysis is required to yield useful numerical simulation. For typical Reynolds numbers for aircraft and engines the viscous regions are thin and a complete solution of the Reynolds averaged Navier—Stokes equations is unnecessary for the entire flow domain. Thin shear layer approximations (including boundary layer equations, parabolized Navier—Stokes equations, and boundary layer equations with normal pressure gradients) are often sufficient. Limited regions of reverse flow may also be modeled by these equations. For a complete prediction, the thin shear layer equations must be interactively coupled to the inviscid equations.
2,5-Disubstituted Pyrazolo[4,3-c]cinnolin-3-ones

Complementary strategies to 2,5-disubstituted pyrazolo[4,3-c]cinnolin-3-ones are reported herein, providing late stage substituent introduction at either the 2- or the 5-position. Treating a readily prepared 4-thiocinnoline ester with substituted hydrazines afforded late stage access to the 2-position, while late stage substituent introduction at the 5-position was achieved via two different strategies: alkylation of 4-hydrazonopyrazol-3-ones, followed by a ring-closing intramolecular SNAr tactic and direct reaction of 5-(2-fluorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-ones with aryl diazonium salts, followed by cyclization. The strategies described herein provide practical and general methods to prepare 2,5-disubstituted pyrazolo[4,3-c]cinnolin-3-ones.
Epigenetic Biomarkers in Liver Cancer

Liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma or HCC) is a major cancer worldwide. Research in this field is needed to identify biomarkers that can be used for early detection of the disease as well as new approaches to its treatment. Epigenetic biomarkers provide an opportunity to understand liver cancer etiology and evaluate novel epigenetic inhibitors for treatment. Traditionally, liver cirrhosis, proteomic biomarkers, and the presence of hepatitis viruses have been used for the detection and diagnosis of liver cancer. Promising results from microRNA (miRNA) profiling and hypermethylation of selected genes have raised hopes of identifying new biomarkers. Some of these epigenetic biomarkers may be useful in risk assessment and for screening populations to identify who is likely to develop cancer. Challenges and opportunities in the field are discussed in this chapter.
How Should We Review Ambulatory EEG ? (P2.003)

Objective: To investigate the accuracy of automatic seizure detection in patients undergoing ambulatory EEG recordings. Background: Continuous EEG tracings are often analyzed with automatic seizure detection software (Persyst 11 ® ; GotmanTM Event detection). It has been proposed that review of pre-selected seizure files might be sufficiently accurate to detect all of the patient’s seizures and that review of the unselected EEG tracings unnecessary. Methods: We continuously reviewed the complete ambulatory EEG tracings of 500 patients (831 recording days). Records were reviewed by a clinical neurophysiology fellow under supervision of a board certified neurophysiologist. In our practice, ambulatory EEGs were predominantly ordered for patients with controlled seizures to capture interictal abnormalities or to assess for undetected seizures. Chi-square test was applied to test difference in automatic seizure detection between groups. Results: A total of 23 patients with electrographic seizures were detected, 12 with focal and 11 with generalized epilepsy syndromes. All patients with generalized epilepsy and seizures had a form of idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Of the 23 patients with seizures, automatic detection recognized the seizures in 14 patients. Seizures were detected in 10 out of 11 with generalized epilepsy (91[percnt]) and in 4 out of 12 patients with focal epilepsy syndromes (33[percnt]; p< 0.005). Conclusions: Electrographic seizures in ambulatory recordings of patients with controlled seizures are rare and were seen in only 4.6[percnt]. Automatic seizure detection algorithm are reliably able to detect seizures in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsies. However, in patients with focal epilepsies, the false negative rate was high (67[percnt]). Review of the recording should not be limited to automatically selected segments. Disclosure: Dr. Balaguera has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schuele has received personal compensation for activities with Sunovion and Eisai as a speaker.
Continued Relevance of Videofluoroscopy in the Evaluation of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia

In the last decade, fluoroscopy in the radiology department has been largely replaced by more modern imaging techniques; however, the visualization of oropharyngeal swallowing function is still one of the hallmarks of fluoroscopy. This article describes the technique and interpretation of swallowing videofluoroscopy. As the evaluation of swallowing is a dynamic study with important, discrete events occurring rapidly, the fluoroscopic acquisition rate must be continuous or no less than 30 pulses per second. If the acquisition rate is less, important clinical information will be missed. Other swallowing evaluation techniques such as endoscopy, magnetic resonance imaging, and manometry are available. While each offers some advantages, their limitations preclude them from being the best evaluation tool for oropharyngeal swallowing. The videofluoroscopic swallowing study remains a relevant and efficient instrumental evaluation for the management and rehabilitation of oropharyngeal swallowing.
Effective Foreign Language Teaching: Broadening the Concept of Content Knowledge

Studies investigating teacher candidate performance on traditional assessments of content knowledge place emphasis on just one of many skills needed to be an effective foreign language teacher; they also fail to explain why many teacher candidates with advanced oral proficiency struggle in the classroom and why some with less advanced language skills perform well. Using both quantitative data from Oral Proficiency Interviews, the Praxis Subject Assessment, and the edTPA scores for 21 native- and nonnative-speaking teacher candidates of French and Spanish, as well as qualitative data collected from teacher candidate interviews, the study investigated the types of content knowledge that are necessary to be an effective foreign language teacher. Results suggest four distinct types of content knowledge, each of which is critical to being an effective teacher, and on which teacher candidate performance may vary widely. The results have implications for the establishment of program completion, teacher licensure, and accreditation requirements.
Effect of Plant-Derived Proteases on Infectivity of Tulane Virus, Murine Norovirus, and Hepatitis A Virus

ABSTRACT Plant-derived proteases, bromelain, papain, and ficin, are broad-acting enzymes with generally recognized as safe status for foods and have current application in several food industries. These proteases have also been reported to have antimicrobial properties. This study investigated the efficacy of commercially prepared bromelain, papain, and ficin, individually and combined (2,500 ppm of crude extract), for inactivation of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and human norovirus surrogates, Tulane virus (TV), and murine norovirus (MNV). Various treatment temperatures (45, 50, or 55°C), times (10 or 60 min), and pH values (5.5 or 7.0) in the presence of cysteine (2 mM) were evaluated. Inactivation was assessed by infectivity in plaque assay for TV and MNV and by median tissue culture infective dose for HAV. No reduction in infectious TV or HAV was attributed to the plant-derived proteases at any of the conditions tested. Infectious MNV was reduced by 1 to 3 log PFU/mL; the most effective treatment was bromelain at pH 7 and 50°C for 10 min. A time course study with MNV in bromelain at 50°C indicated that a 2-log PFU/mL reduction could be achieved within 6 min, but extended treatment of 15 min was still insufficient to eliminate infectious MNV. The lack of or limited efficacy of bromelain, papain, and ficin on HAV, TV, and MNV, even at elevated temperatures and exposure times, suggests the plant-derived proteases are not commercially applicable for inactivation of virus on commodities or materials that could not also withstand mild heat treatment. The variable susceptibilities observed between TV and MNV illustrate limitations in utilization of surrogates for predicting pathogen behavior for a structure-specific treatment. HIGHLIGHTS
Acuity in ranging based on delay-tuned combination-sensitive neurons in the auditory cortex of mustached bats.

Abstract A 1.0-ms echo delay from an emitted bio-sonar pulse at 25 °C corresponds to a 17.3-cm target distance. In the auditory cortex of the mustached bat, Pteronotus parnellii, neurons tuned to a specific delay (best delay) of an echo from an emitted pulse are clustered in the FF, dorsal fringe and ventral fringe areas. (“FF” stands for the frequency-modulated components of a pulse and its echo.) Those delay-tuned neurons are systematically arranged in the FF area according to their best delays and form a 18-ms-long delay axis. Using the neurophysiological data, the theoretical acuity at a 75% correct level was computed as just-noticeable changes in (a) the location of maximally responding delay-tuned neurons, (b) the location of the center of all responses in the FF area, and (c) the weighted sum of responses of all delay-tuned neurons. The acuity is range-dependent: the shorter the target range, the higher the acuity is. The just-noticeable changes in target range are 7.57–46.2, 0.50–2.32 and 0.22–2.53 mm at the target ranges of up to 140 cm for (a), (b) and (c), respectively. When the dorsal and ventral fringe areas are included in the computation, the just-noticeable changes become smaller than those in the FF area alone. Those acuities computed are comparable to certain behavioral acuities.
Campus Recreation Use and Health Behaviors among College Students in Different Academic Disciplines

Physical activity, campus recreation (CR) use, body mass index (BMI), and varied health indices were compared between academic discipline groups and sex. Participants (n = 219) were classified as AD I (kinesiology and physical education majors), AD II (health science majors and nursing majors), and AD III (representative sample of non-health-related majors) to make between-group comparisons based on the amount of emphasis placed on physical activity and health-related content within different disciplines. Significant differences (p < .05) were found between the academic discipline groups for International Physical Activity Questionnaire scores, CR minutes, CR days, CR time per day, vigorous physical activity (VPA), and perceived-health score; and between sex for BMI, VPA, sitting, fiber intake, and fruit and vegetable intake. The results indicate a positive relationship between the emphasis placed physical activity and health within an academic discipline and the degree to which students participate in ph...
Concurrent dual band hybrid power amplifier in 0.25μm GaN technology

This paper reports a dual-band radio frequency (RF) high-efficiency power amplifier (PA) employing 0.25 μm gallium nitride (GaN) technology for multi-band transmitter applications. The hybrid PA simultaneously covers 2-distinct telemetry bands, L (1.435–1.85 GHz) and C (5–5.15 GHz). The concurrent PA has a simulated large signal gain of 12.5 dB, saturated output power (Pout) of 35.5 dBm, and power added efficiency (PAE) of 65% at Upper L-band with greater than 50% efficiency through the entire L Band. Similarly, the PA achieves large signal gain of 13.7 dB, Pout of 36.7 dBm, and PAE of 61 % at C-band.
Redox-dependent properties of DTF-endcapped π-oligomers

A π-conjugated p-phenylene ethynylene oligomer with redox-active dithiafulvenyl (DTF) groups appended at its two terminal positions was subjected to density functional theory (DFT) calculations and various experimental characterizations using UV-Vis absorption, cyclic voltammetry, and Raman spectroscopy. Collectively, the theoretical and experimental results establish a comprehensive understanding of the structural and electronic properties of the bis(DTF)-functionalized π-oligomer in its neutral and oxidized states. Furthermore, the supramolecular self-assembling properties of this π-oligomer on the surfaces of mica and highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) were investigated by atomic force microscopic (AFM) imaging, and the results show that the surface assemblies of the bis(DTF)-oligomer vary significantly in different redox states.
Gettin’ Free: Anger as Resistance to White Supremacy Within and Beyond the Academy

In this chapter, Olivia Perlow chronicles the evolution of her anger as an on-going personal, intellectual, political and pedagogical project as a Black woman professor traversing hostile terrain while seeking to destabilize a white supremacist patriarchal academy and society. In so doing, she challenges the “angry black woman” stereotype as a social control mechanism that seeks to silence Black women. Furthermore, Perlow discusses how engaging in race backtalk in the academy has invoked this stereotype and how anger regarding oppression and injustice has historically been and continues to be an effective tool of resistance against white supremacist and patriarchal domination.
Chapter 21 – Adventures of a fluorine chemist at DuPont

Publisher Summary In 1955, a considerable amount of fluorine chemistry was being done at DuPont because of the commercial success associated with the company's Freons® and Teflon®. Prof. William J. Middleton had no input into choosing his first two projects at DuPont — they were simply assigned to him; but he really liked organofluorine chemistry. He had no say in the choice of his next project either, which turned out to be the one that kept him on the road to becoming a fluorine chemist. The work on thiocarbonyl fluoride led to their work on hexafluorothioacetone (HFI’A) and other perfluorothiocarbonyl compounds. Though the purpose was to form a polymer from HFFA, this polymer turned out to be thermally unstable, probably because of steric strain. However, HFTA did have some remarkable properties. Many interesting discoveries were made while working with HFA, some by design, and some by accident. One example of an accidental discovery concerns midaflur. Another accidental discovery lead to a commercial product and it was a fluoroalcohol; however, this discovery might be considered more serendipitous than accidental. DAST, or diethylaminosulfur trifluoride was the outcome of direct research by the group. His professional triumphs at DuPont were accompanied by a few professional embarrassments. Their research led to preparation of a number of CF3-substituted phenylethylenes that possessed potent estrogenic activity, the most potent of which was an analog of diethylstilbestrol (DES). It could be used as extremely effective postcoital antifertility agents.
Probing the dynamic and rehealing behavior of crosslinked polyester networks containing thermoreversible thiol-Michael bonds

Abstract A thermoreversible thiol-Michael bond was incorporated into a series of covalently crosslinked polyester networks using base-catalyzed Michael addition polymerization. Variations in acrylate:acetoacetate ratio (crosslink density), thiol-Michael bond content and cure temperature were employed in order to gauge dynamic and rehealing properties. All of the networks investigated in this study were found to display rehealing behavior after being cut at 100 °C within 48 h. Increasing the curing temperature to 120 °C led to a decrease in time to reheal (≤8 h), however the network which employed the highest thiol-Michael bond content, coupled with the lower acrylate:acetoacetate monomer ratio, did not recuperate the original crosslink density upon cooling as evidenced by strain recovery values in excess of 100% and a steady decrease in DSC Tg and TGA weight % as a functional of exposure time.
A Review of Some Recent Work on Discrete Optimal Factorial Designs for Statisticians and Experimenters

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses classical factorial experiments in which each factor has two levels. The subject of statistics has two branches, statistical planning and statistical inference. These branches are deeply interrelated, and should be regarded as the two faces of the same coin. The subject of statistical planning deals with how to collect data intelligently and appropriately, whether they are collected from experiments or investigations and surveys, are univariate or multivariate, or are collected in one or more than one stage. The data might deal with non-stochastic problems or they might involve observations on complex stochastic processes. The subject of statistical inference is concerned with how to draw inferences from the data once they have been collected. The nature of statistical analysis and inference would depend on the structure of the data or the way the data was collected.
Primary ovarian pregnancy after postpartum bilateral tubal ligation: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Primary ovarian pregnancy constitutes < 1% of ectopic gestations. Likewise, bilateral tubal ligation failure is uncommon, occurring in approximately 1% of tubal sterilization procedures. Should pregnancy occur after bilateral tubal ligation, of every 3 such pregnancies, 1 will be an ectopic. The incidence of ovarian pregnancy after tubal ligation has not been reported, but must be extremely rare. CASE: A 30-year-old, breast-feeding, white woman 6 months postpartum, with bilateral tubal ligation after delivery, developed acute right lower quadrant pain while excercising. Evaluation in the emergency room revealed rebound tenderness in the lower right abdomen, a positive β-hCG level and ultrasound findings suspicious for a right ectopic pregnancy. Exploratory laparotomy revealed hemoperitoneum, previously ligated but otherwise-normal-appearing fallopian tubes, and a ruptured and bleeding right ovary. The pelvis was otherwise normal. Histology of the right ovarian wedge resection showed chorionic villi consistent with ovarian pregnancy. Both fallopian tubes were religated, and a review of the original tubal ligation histology confirmed tubal lumen in both segments. CONCLUSION: While ectopic pregnancy is a known but rare risk of failed tubal sterilization, pregnancy involving the fallopian tube is usually reported after tubal usually reported after tubal ligation failure. The rarely seen primary ovarian pregnancy is usually associated with intrauterine contraceptive devices or occurs in patients with pelvic inflammatory disease. Ovarian pregnancies are associated with massive hemoperitoneum in women unaware that they are pregnant.
Application of Genetic Algorithm for Synthesis of H∞ Controllers for Active Magnetic Bearing Systems

This paper discusses designing of weights for both mixed-sensitivity and signal-based H∞ controller synthesis for active magnetic bearing (AMB) systems using genetic algorithm (GA) optimization. In mixed-sensitivity problem formulation, the weights represent desired upper bounds to closed loop transfer functions and in signal-based problem formulation, the weights represent desired system response under sinusoidal exogenous inputs. In order to cast weight design process as an optimization problem, appropriate cost functions are chosen to guarantee that desired performance objectives are satisfied with a stable controller. First, the validity of the method is demonstrated in simulation by comparing performances achieved using weights designed through the optimization to the weights selected as performance objectives. Then, the weight design via GA for H∞ controller synthesis is tested experimentally on a small AMB test rig in a disturbance rejection scheme. The designed H∞ controllers are implemented on the AMB system and tested up to the maximum design speed of 6000 rpm, where the rotor safely passed the first critical speed. Achieved performances are compared to a benchmark PID controller. Results demonstrate validity of using GA for weights design and show the superiority of H∞ controllers over PID controller for disturbance rejection in AMB systems.
Vaping associated with healthy food words: A content analysis of Twitter.

E-cigarettes were initially introduced as a less harmful alternative to combustible cigarettes, but marketing efforts may now be exceeding these claims by associating e-cigarettes with words related to healthy foods. These associations could mislead people to assume vaping is a healthy practice. Tweets from January to March 2017 were obtained from the Twitter Streaming Application Programming Interface (API) to assess content about vaping linked to healthy food words. Tweets were classified into one of nine categories along with their source (marketer vs. non-marketer). We content analyzed original English language public postings on Twitter that included vaping-related keywords and at least one of eight co-occurring healthy food-related labels (e.g., 'natural,' 'vitamin,' 'vegan,' and 'organic') (N = 1205). Chi-square analyses compared themes by message source. Findings suggest vaping is being marketed in ways that could paradoxically lead consumers to believe that e-cigarettes are health-enhancing. We found more tweets representing vaping as health-enhancing (9%) than referring to it as a smoking-cessation device (1%). The largest category of tweets referred to vaping as harmless (28%) and therefore compatible with a healthy lifestyle. Tweets presenting vaping as harmless or with a sensation theme were more likely to be authored by marketers than by non-marketers. Food and drug regulation needs to be more vigilant to prevent misleading advertising from e-cigarette marketers.
Coping with Chronic Illness and Medical Stress

Many children experience a myriad of chronic medical issues that affect not only their physical, but psychological functioning as well. Internalizing disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and stress, in addition to coping and quality of life have been implicated in the initiation and exacerbation of many health outcomes. Poor social functioning with peers and family also may occur. Furthermore, the negative effects on academic achievement that are due to a variety of associated problems such as cognitive impact and resulting poor attendance also need to be addressed for these children. Research supports interaction of disease factors, child and family factors, and both medical and mental health outcome. A coordinated approach to care would include medical treatment as well as mental health support for the affected child and their family with consideration to the school context. Both primary and secondary coping strategies have been found to be helpful and may be delivered through a cognitive behavioral approach. Additional research is called for in the areas of assessment of coping ability as well as intervening to promote coping capabilities among children with chronic illness and the systems in which they function.
Fibroblasts Derived From Human Adipose Stem Cells Produce More Effective Extracellular Matrix and Migrate Faster Compared to Primary Dermal Fibroblasts.

BACKGROUND The efficacy of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to improve wound healing has been extensively investigated. Unfortunately, no consistent reports have described significant improvements in healing time or outcomes in large-scale clinical trials utilizing human ASCs. Primarily, these studies examined undifferentiated ASCs as opposed to specific cells differentiated from ASCs. OBJECTIVES The authors sought to examine the properties of fibroblasts differentiated from human ASCs (dFib cells) compared with those of primary dermal fibroblasts. METHODS ASCs were isolated from healthy female patients, differentiated into dFib cells, and compared with intra-patient primary dermal fibroblasts for morphology, extracellular matrix (ECM) marker expression, and cell migration employing qPCR, western blot, and scratch test assays. RESULTS De novo differentiated fibroblasts produce higher levels of the healthy ECM markers Elastin, Fibronectin, and Collagen 1 compared with primary fibroblasts. In contrast, dFib cells have reduced expression of the scar tissue markers αSMA, Collagen 3, and MMP-1. Further, dFib cells close scratch defects more quickly than primary dermal fibroblasts (32 ± 12.85 hours vs 64 ± 13.85 hours, P < 0.01) in a scratch test assay. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that fibroblasts newly differentiated from human ASCs migrate well and produce a robust ECM, the combination of which may contribute to improved wound healing, and thus should be further investigated.
The Essential Role of Growth Deficiency in the Diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.

Background Laboratory studies confirm prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) causes growth deficiency (GD). GD has traditionally been a core diagnostic feature of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), but was removed from the Canadian and Australian FASD diagnostic guidelines in 2016. This study aimed to empirically assess the clinical role and value of GD in FASD diagnosis. Methods Data from 1814 patients with FASD from the University of Washington Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Diagnostic & Prevention dataset were analyzed to answer the following questions: 1) Is there evidence of a causal association between PAE and GD in our clinical population? 2) Is GD sufficiently prevalent among individuals with PAE to warrant its inclusion as a diagnostic criterion? 3) Does GD aid the diagnostic team in identifying and/or predicting which individuals will be most impaired by their PAE? Results GD significantly correlated with PAE. GD was as prevalent as the other core diagnostic features (facial and CNS abnormalities). GD occurred in all FASD diagnoses and increased in prevalence with increasing severity of diagnosis. The most prevalent form of GD was postnatal short stature. GD was as highly correlated with, and predictive of, severe brain dysfunction as the FAS facial phenotype. Individuals with GD had a two to three-fold increased risk for severe brain dysfunction. Sixty percent of patients with severe GD had severe brain dysfunction. GD accurately predicted which infants presented with severe brain dysfunction later in childhood. Conclusions GD is an essential diagnostic criterion for FASD and will remain in the FASD 4-Digit Code.