cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EUVS-C: the measurement of the magnesium II index for GOES-R EXIS

The EUV and X-ray Irradiance Sensors (EXIS) on the upcoming GOES-R mission will include a spectrograph to measure the Magnesium II doublet at 280 nm (channel C). The ratio of the core of this spectral feature to the line wings is the well-known Mg II index. This ratio is often used as a proxy for chromospheric activity, since changes in the index are highly correlated with changes in other chromospheric emission lines. As a ratio measurement, the Mg II index is relatively insensitive to instrumental effects. The A and B channels of the Extreme UltraViolet Sensor (EUVS) will make use of this fact and use the Mg II index measured by channel C in their degradation correction. EUVS C channel has sufficient spectral resolution and sampling to measure the Mg II index with high precision and will make this measurement at better than 30 s time cadence. This paper describes the design and measurement requirements of the C channel.
A theoretical study of intra-molecular vibrational effects on fractionation factors for molecules containing intra-molecular low-barrier hydrogen bonds

Abstract The fractionation factor is defined as the equilibrium constant for the reaction; R–H+DOH ⇌ R–D+HOH. Of interest are values of fractionation factors that obtain for reactions where reactants and/or products form intra-molecular low-barrier hydrogen bonds. Experimentally measured isotopic fractionation factors are usually interpreted via a one-dimensional potential energy surface along the intrinsic proton hydrogen bond coordinate. Here we show that coupling the intrinsic proton coordinate to an intra-molecular vibrational mode has large effects on the values of isotopic fractionation factors and offer a picture for the fractionation factor for low-barrier hydrogen bonds based on the one-dimensional potential of mean force on the intrinsic proton coordinate.
Attraction of the Twolined Chestnut Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) to Scarlet Oaks Infected with Chestnut Blight Fungus

Chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria (Endothia) parasitica , causes bark and wood deformity to the lower bole of scarlet oak, Quercus coccinea L., but does not kill the tree. We tested the hypothesis that C. parasitica infection stresses the tree and predisposes it to attack by the twolined chestnut borer, Agrilus bilineatus (Weber). Scarlet oaks with obvious disease symptoms attracted significantly more A. bilineatus , cerambycids, and scolytids than did apparently healthy trees. However, only 9 of 21 diseased trees were successfully colonized. Total nitrogen and tannin concentrations of the phloem did not differ significantly between diseased and control trees; however, phenolic concentrations were significantly higher in the phloem of diseased trees that were colonized by borers. Total carbohydrate concentrations of xylem and phloem in July did not differ significantly between diseased and control trees, even in those diseased trees that were colonized. However, starch concentrations of the outer sapwood were slightly lower in all diseased trees. This tree decline complex is unusual in that the apparent predisposing stress, C. parasitica , did not reduce radial growth or total carbohydrates, which are generally regarded as indicators of tree vigor.
Upper bound for singular normal probability integrals by integration over a hypersphere

Following an inequality of G. Polya[1949], certain probability integrals, namely of the limiting singular normal distribution of a specified multinomial, are shown to be bounded above by integrals Tk(Uk) of the uncorrelated standard multivariate normal density over k-dimensional hyperspheres *Uk of radius Uk=Uk(y) and center (0,…,0). The hypersphere Uk is so chosen that its k-dimensional volume is equal to the k-dimensional volume of a simplex Rk, the image under a diagonalizing transformation, of the simplicial region of integration fk in Φk(y,R). For a symmetric multinomial, Rk turns out to be a regular simplex and explicit formulas for the upper bound in the equicorrelated-equicoordinate case, with common correlation ρ= -1/k,- are derived in terms of (a) normal density and distribution functions and (b) incomplete gamma-function ratio.
Some issues and problems in text tagging using neural networks

This paper reports the results of several experiments conducted on automatic text tagging using neural networks. Error backpropagation networks were tested to see how effective they would be at correctly predicting the syntactic and semantic classification ("tag") of a word in a sentence, given some or no contextual information. The following contexts were examined: (1) the ending (last three letters) of the word alone, and (2) an encoded representation of the word, preceded by the representations of the three previous words in the sentence. Although each study suffered from some interesting problems with data representation, the results seemed promising and suggest that further investigation is warranted.
Molecular therapy in the microRNA era

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) consist of a growing class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that negatively regulate the expression of genes involved in development, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and other important cellular processes. miRNAs are usually 18-25 nt long and are each able to regulate several mRNAs by mechanisms such as incomplete base pairing and Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS). A growing number of reports have shown that aberrant miRNA expression is a common feature of human diseases including cancer, which has sparked interest in targeting these regulators of gene expression as a means of ameliorating these diseases. Here, we review important aspects of miRNA function in normal and pathological states and discuss new modalities of epigenetic intervention strategies that could be used to amend defects in miRNA/mRNA interactions.
Asian Indian Immigration Patterns: The Origins of the Sikh Community in California:

This article outlines the immigration and settlement patterns of Asian Indians in the United States from the turn of the century to the present decade. The focus is on the efforts of the Sikh pione...
Study of ultrathin Fe films on Pd{111)}, Ag{111} and Al{111}

Abstract The growth of epitaxial Fe films of 1 to 10 layer equivalents (LE) on Pd{111}, Al{111} and Ag{111} has been studied with quantitative low-energy electron diffraction and Auger electron spectroscopy. On Pd{111}, both at room temperature and at 200° C, the growth starts with pseudomorphic layers which may involve intermixing of Fe and Pd. At both temperatures, when the coverage reaches 6 LE, the Fe films develop into large bcc {110} domains related to the substrate by the Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation. On Ag{111} Fe grows initially in a very similar manner to Fe on Ag{001}, i.e., by way of small islands of bcc Fe. These islands then grow into bcc Fe{110} domains in the Nishiyama-Wassennan orientation. On Al{111} Fe behaves differently, despite the fact that the lattice mismatch for Fe on A1{111} is nearly identical to that for Fe on Ag{111}: for coverages of less than 1 LE the surface region becomes completely disordered and no LEED pattern is visible.
Computer-Mediated Communication and the Question of Culture

There is a controversy surrounding the existence of a culture created by the people who use computers to communicate. Those who deny its existence argue that emotional contact is only possible within the face‐to‐face setting, and that computer‐mediated communication does not allow enough commonalty to form a culture. Through an analysis of computer‐mediated communication transcripts collected from Bitnet‐Relay, a synchronous computer system, it is argued that cultures are both possible and prevalent among communities connected only by the computer as the preferred mode of communication.
Multiple reproducibility indices for evaluation of cognitive functional MR imaging paradigms

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a variety of reproducibility indices for cognitive functional MR imaging (fMRI) paradigms that account for both overlapping and extraneous regions of activation. METHODS: Eight right-handed volunteers were imaged with fMRI by using a word-generation paradigm and a forward-backward text-listening paradigm. The paradigms were performed twice in the session and repeated 1 week later. Reproducibility indices for the four repeated studies were determined on the basis of pair-wise computation of the ratio of the probability-weighted intersection volume divided by the union volume of surviving activation clusters. The intersection volume was determined by using several iterations of the morphologic dilatation operator with additional voxels accrued in the intersection weighted by an exponential function. Computed indices included global reproducibility, language area reproducibility, extraneous activation reproducibility, and laterality. RESULTS: The word-generation paradigm had reproducibility values that were significantly greater than those of the forward-backward text-listening paradigm (global reproducibility, 0.75 vs 0.5, P P P CONCLUSION: For clinically relevant language paradigms, multiple reproducibility indices should be taken into account in selecting an appropriate paradigm. Compared with a forward-backward text-listening task, a word-generation task has higher reproducibility indices at the expense of localizing ability. The forward-backward paradigm demonstrates more focal activations with less extraneous activation.
Islet-Sparing Effects of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-1b Deficiency Delays Onset of Diabetes in IRS2 Knockout Mice

Protein tyrosine phosphatase-1b (Ptp1b) inhibits insulin and leptin signaling by dephosphorylating specific tyrosine residues in their activated receptor complexes. Insulin signals are mediated by tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and its downstream targets, such as Irs1 and Irs2. Irs2 plays an especially important role in glucose homeostasis because it mediates some peripheral actions of insulin and promotes pancreatic β-cell function. To determine whether the deletion of Ptp1b compensates for the absence of Irs2, we analyzed mice deficient in both Ptp1b and Irs2 . Pancreatic β-cell area decreased in Ptp1b −/− mice, consistent with decreased insulin requirements owing to increased peripheral insulin sensitivity. By contrast, peripheral insulin sensitivity and β-cell area increased in Irs2 −/− :: Ptp1b −/− mice, which improved glucose tolerance in Irs2 −/− :: Ptp1b −/− mice and delayed diabetes until 3 months of age. However, β-cell function eventually failed to compensate for absence of Irs2. Our studies demonstrate a novel role for Ptp1b in regulating β-cell homeostasis and indicate that Ptp1b deficiency can partially compensate for lack of Irs2.
Measurement of the transverse spin dependence of the pp total cross section in the 1–3 GeV/c region☆

Abstract The pp total cross section difference between pure transverse spin states was measured in the laboratory momentum range 1–3 GeV/ c . Significant differences were found and these differences show striking energy dependence. This structure is in disagreement with the predictions of simple exchange models.
The Immunopathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory polyarthritis whose etiology remains uncertain. Recently we have learned that autoimmunity to citrullinated protein antigens has specificity for rheumatoid arthritis and defines a clinically and genetically distinct form of the disease. Multiple genes contribute to disease susceptibility, with the HLA locus accounting for 30% to 50% of overall genetic risk. Five risk loci have been identified and validated: HLA-DRB1, PTPN22, STAT4, a region in 6q23, and the TRAF1/C5 locus. Also, there is renewed interest in the contribution of T cells to ongoing inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Autoantibodies to citrullinated protein epitopes are specific for rheumatoid arthritis, are associated with a more aggressive disease course, and are pathogenic in an animal model of autoimmune arthritis. There is a strong association between shared-epitope-expressing HLA-DRB1 alleles and the development of rheumatoid arthritis associated with autoimmunity to citrullinated protein antigens.
Modeling Nonnegative Data with Clumping at Zero: A Survey

Applications in which data take nonnegative values but have a substantial proportion of values at zero occur in many dis- ciplines. The modeling of such "clumped-at-zero" or "zero-inflated" data is challenging. We survey models that have been proposed. We consider cases in which the response for the non-zero observations is continuous and in which it is discrete. For the continuous and then the discrete case, we review models for analyzing cross-sectional data. We then summarize extensions for repeated measurement analyses (e.g., in longitudinal studies), for which the literature is still sparse. We also mention applications in which more than one clump can oc- cur and we suggest problems for future research.
Swarming of mobile router networks

A decentralized method for mobile router networks is proposed in this paper. A group of mobile routers moves in a cluttered environment maintaining connectivity between a base station and multiple exploring users. The network is seen as a switched system in which virtual spring-mass interactions create and destroy the links between agents. We prove static (i.e., fixed graph topology) and dynamic (i.e., switching graph topology) stability using Lyapunov theory. To demonstrate the applicability of this method, we offer simulations for a self-healing case and for a non-isotropic environment.
Electronic Data Sorting

This paper presents results of a study of the fundamentals of sorting. Emphasis is placed on understanding sorting and on minimizing the time required to sort with electronic equipment of reasonable cost. Sorting is viewed as a combination of information gathering and item moving activities. Shannon's communication theory measure of information is applied to assess the difficulty of various sorting problems. Bounds on the number of comparisons required to sort are developed, and optimal or near-optimal sorting schemes are described and investigated. Three abstract sorting models based on cyclic, linear, and randomaccess memories are defined. Optimal or near-optimal sorting methods are developed for the models and their parallel-register extensions. A brief review of the origin of the work and some of its hypotheses is also presented.
Reducing the Mystery of Neuronal Differentiation

In the developing nervous system, neural progenitors exit the cell cycle and differentiate on a precise schedule, yet the mechanisms driving this process remain poorly defined. Yan et al. (2009) now identify a thiol-redox reaction mediated by the membrane protein GDE2 and the peroxiredoxin protein Prdx1 that promotes neurogenesis.
Direct Marketing, Indirect Profits: A Strategic Analysis of Dual-Channel Supply-Chain Design

The advent of e-commerce has prompted many manufacturers to redesign their traditional channel structures by engaging in direct sales. The model conceptualizes the impact of customer acceptance of a direct channel, the degree to which customers accept a direct channel as a substitute for shopping at a traditional store, on supply-chain design. The customer acceptance of a direct channel can be strong enough that an indepent manufacturer would open a direct channel to compete with its own retailers. Here, direct marketing is used for strategic channel control purposes even though it is inefficient on its own and, surprisingly, it can profit the manufacturer even when so direct sales occur. Specifically, we construct a price-setting game between a manufacturer and its independent retailer. Direct marketing, which indirectly increases the flow of profits through the retail channel, helps the manufacturer improve overall profitability by reducing the degree of inefficient price double marginalization. While operated by the manufacturer to constrain the retailer's pricing behavior, the direct channel may not always be detrimental to the retailer because it will be accompanied by a wholesale price reduction. This combination of manufacturer pull and push can benefit the retailer in equilibrium. Finally, we show that the mere threat of introducing the direct channel can increase the manufacturer's negotiated share of cooperative profits even if price efficiency is obtained by using other business practices.
Novel Translocation Responses of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α Fluorescent Proteins

Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2)alpha responds to the rise in cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) attending cell stimulation by moving to intracellular membranes, releasing arachidonic acid (AA) from these membranes, and thereby initiating the synthesis of various lipid mediators. Under some conditions, however, cPLA2alpha translocation occurs without any corresponding changes in [Ca2+]i. The signal for such responses has not been identified. Using confocal microscopy to track fluorescent proteins fused to cPLA2alpha or cPLA2alpha's C2 domain, we find that AA mimics Ca2+ ionophores in stimulating cPLA(2)alpha translocations to the perinuclear ER and to a novel site, the lipid body. Unlike the ionophores, AA acted independently of [Ca2+](i) rises and did not translocate the proteins to the Golgi. AA's action did not involve its metabolism to eicosanoids or acylation into cellular lipids. Receptor agonists also stimulated translocations targeting lipid bodies. We propose that AA is a signal for Ca2+-independent cPLA2alpha translocation and that lipid bodies are common targets of cPLA2alpha and contributors to stimulus-induced lipid mediator synthesis.
Audit Firm Size and Going‐Concern Reporting Accuracy

Prior research suggests that the Big 4 audit firms are of higher quality than are non‐Big 4 firms. However, existing tests for an association between audit firm size and reporting accuracy are indirect and provide mixed results. Our study extends this line of research by examining whether the Big 4 audit firms exhibit higher quality reporting by having fewer “audit‐reporting errors” in the context of issuing going‐concern modified reports. Our analyses examine both types of going‐concern reporting errors (i.e., type I errors—modified opinions rendered to subsequently viable clients; and type II errors—unmodified opinions rendered to subsequently bankrupt clients) over an 11‐year period. We also examine reporting error rate differences between the national second‐tier firms and regional/local third‐tier firms. Our findings indicate that both type I and type II error rates for Big 4 audit firms are significantly lower compared to non‐Big 4 firms. In contrast, we find no significant differences between the n...
Infectious Complications of Craniofacial Surgery in Children

During the 10-year period 1975 through 1984, 219 children with congenital anomalies underwent oromaxillary or craniofacial surgery at Children's Medical Center, Dallas. There were no infectious complications following 56 oromaxillary procedures. The overall rate of infection following craniofacial surgery was 14.7% (24 of 163). Infection rates were significantly increased when a combined (monoblock) repair was performed (45% [15 of 33]), compared with either intracranial (8% [six of 72]) or extracranial (5% [three of 58]) procedures alone (P less than .001). The variables identified by multivariate discriminant analysis as useful independent predictors of postoperative infection were, in order of decreasing importance: length of operation, type of procedure (intracranial, extracranial, or combined), and age. Staged procedures are recommended for craniofacial surgery whenever possible because of the significant increase in rate of infection associated with the monoblock repair.
Type 1 Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor/Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 Signaling Confers Pathogenic Activity on Breast Tumor Cells Lacking REST

Loss of repressor element 1 silencing transcription factor (REST) occurs in 20% of breast cancers and correlates with a poor patient prognosis. However, the molecular basis for enhanced malignancy in tumors lacking REST (RESTless) is only partially understood. We used multiplatform array data from the Cancer Genome Atlas to identify consistent changes in key signaling pathways. Of the proteins screened in the reverse-phase protein array, we found that insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) is the most highly upregulated protein in RESTless breast tumors. Analysis of breast tumor cell lines showed that REST directly represses IRS1, and cells lacking REST have increased levels of IRS1 mRNA and protein. We find that the upregulation of IRS1 function is both necessary and sufficient for enhanced signaling and growth in breast cancer cells lacking REST. IRS1 overexpression is sufficient to phenocopy the enhanced activation of the signaling hubs AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) of MCF7 cells lacking REST. Loss of REST renders MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast tumor cells dependent on IRS1 activity for colony formation in soft agar. Inhibition of the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) reduces the enhanced signaling, growth, and migration in breast tumor cells that occur upon REST loss. We show that loss of REST induces a pathogenic program that works through the IGF1R/IRS1 pathway.
Light scattering by hexagonal ice crystals: comparison of finite-difference time domain and geometric optics models

We have developed a finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method and a novel geometric ray-tracing model for the calculation of light scattering by hexagonal ice crystals. In the FDTD method we use a staggered Cartesian grid with the implementation of an efficient absorbing boundary condition for the truncation of the computation domain. We introduce the Maxwell–Garnett rule to compute the mean values of the dielectric constant at grid points to reduce the inaccuracy produced by the staircasing approximation. The phase matrix elements and the scattering efficiencies for the scattering of visible light by two-dimensional long circular ice cylinders match closely those computed from the exact solution for size parameters as large as 60, with maximum differences less than 5%. In the new ray-tracing model we invoke the principle of geometric optics to evaluate the reflection and the refraction of localized waves, from which the electric and magnetic fields at the particle surface (near field) can be computed. Based on the equivalence theorem, the near field can subsequently be transformed to the far field, in which the phase interferences are fully accounted for. The phase functions and the scattering efficiencies for hexagonal ice crystals computed from the new geometric ray-tracing method compare reasonably well with the FDTD results for size parameters larger than approximately 20. When absorption is involved in geometric ray tracing, the adjusted real and imaginary refractive indices and Fresnel formulas are derived for practical applications based on the fundamental wave theory.
Lithosphere deformation by continental ice sheets

In treating problems of mantle deformation, a common assumption of convenience is that deformation is viscous or viscoelastic. An important consequence of this assumption is the unproven prediction that the lithosphere is depressed far beyond the margins of steady-state continental ice sheets at the time of their maximum extent. Depression beyond the margins of shrinking ice sheets is proven by the formation of proglacial lakes along melting margins of retreating late Wisconsin-Weichselian ice sheets. No such lakes existed during the maximum extent of these ice sheets. An investigation of viscoplastic deformation in anisotropic polycrystalline rocks leads to the conclusion that transient creep in the lithosphere is predominantly time-dependent viscous flow, but that slow steady-state creep in the lithosphere is time-independent viscoplastic flow and begins at a viscoplastic yield stress. These results predict lithosphere depression beyond the margin of a growing or shrinking ice sheet, but not beyond the margin of a steady-state ice sheet at its maximum extent.
Decaying phenomena in high density plasmas

Abstract The nonequilibrium many body technique is used for decaying phenomena in high density plasmas. The self-energy for a decaying system is derived from the Liouvil;ian Green's function, and the transition energy shift and width are related to the self-energy through the second order perturbation expansion. The functional variational technique is applied to a three dimensional one point potential in order to find the resonant wave equation, the resonance poles for the decaying states, the corresponding initial state resonant wave functions and probability current densities. The time dependent decaying state wave functions and current densities evolving from these initial states are obtained by solving the time dependent Schrodinger equations for the decaying system numerically.
Comparative quantitative fatty acid analysis of triacylglycerols using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography

Quantitative analyses of fatty acids from five triacylglycerol products, coconut oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil, lard and cocoa butter, were carried out using two analytical methods: matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) and gas chromatography (GC), in an effort to validate the application of MALDI-TOFMS in quantitative fatty acid analysis. For the GC analysis, transmethylated products were used, whereas, for the MALDI-TOF analysis, saponified products were used. Under MALDI-TOF conditions, the acids were detected as sodiated sodium carboxylates [RCOONa + Na](+) consistent with the mode of ionization that was previously reported. Thus, the MALDI-TOF mass spectrum of saponified coconut oil showed the presence of sodiated sodium salts of caprylic acid (7.5 +/- 0.67, m/z 189), capric acid (6.9 +/- 0.83, m/z 217), lauric acid (47.8 +/- 0.67, m/z 245), myristic acid (20.4 +/- 0.51, m/z 273), palmitic acid (9.8 +/- 0.47, m/z 301), linoleic acid (0.9 +/- 0.07, m/z 325), oleic acid (4.8 +/- 0.42, m/z 327) and stearic acid (2.0 +/- 0.13, m/z 329). Saponified palm kernel oil had a fatty acid profile that included caprylic acid (3.5 +/- 0.59), capric acid (4.7 +/- 0.82), lauric acid (58.6 +/- 2.3), myristic acid (20.9 +/- 1.5), palmitic acid (7.2 +/- 1.1), oleic acid (3.8 +/- 0.62) and stearic acid (1.2 +/- 0.15). Saponified palm oil gave myristic acid (0.83 +/- 0.18), palmitic acid (55.8 +/- 1.7), linoleic acid (4.2 +/- 0.51), oleic acid (34.5 +/- 1.5), stearic acid (3.8 +/- 0.26) and arachidic acid (0.80 +/- 0.22). Saponified lard showed the presence of myristic acid (1.5 +/- 0.24), palmitic acid (28.9 +/- 1.3), linoleic acid (13.7 +/- 0.67), oleic acid (38.7 +/- 1.4), stearic acid (12.8 +/- 0.64) and arachidic acid (2.4 +/- 0.35). Finally, for saponified cocoa butter, the fatty acid distribution was: palmitic acid (32.3 +/- 1.0), linoleic acid (2.6 +/- 0.35), oleic acid (34.9 +/- 1.7) and stearic acid (30.3 +/- 1.6). Quantitative gas chromatographic analysis of the corresponding methyl esters from these triacylglycerol products yielded data that were mostly in agreement with the MALDI-TOFMS data. The MALDI-TOF experiment, however, proved to be superior to the GC experiment, particularly with regard to baseline resolution of unsaturated acids. Furthermore, the ability of MALDI-TOFMS to detect low concentrations of fatty acids rendered it more sensitive than the GC methodology.
Global Self‐Evaluation and Changes to Self‐Description as a Function of Information Discrepancy and Favorability

ABSTRACT In three studies we attempted to account for differences in high and low self-confidence subjects’ acceptance of favorable and unfavorable self-relevant statements At issue was whether acceptance was determined only by the degree of discrepancy with people's initial beliefs, about those specific statements or also by the discrepancy with their general level of confidence In Studies 1 and 2 subjects were given a personality description containing an equal number of statements with which they had either agreed or disagreed earlier and which were either favorable or unfavorable High-confidence subjects accepted favorable statements more than unfavorable ones, whereas low-confidence subjects accepted both types equally High-confidence subjects tended to accept favorable statements more and unfavorable statements less than low-confidence subjects These patterns occurred even though subjects’ initial agreement with the statements was comparable In Study 3 a similar shift in endorsements occurred even when the statements were not described as being based on personality test feedback Factors accounting for these differential endorsements were discussed
Knowledge Management and Higher Education: A Critical Analysis

Amy Scott Metcalfe Published by Idea Group Publishing, Herschey, PA, 2006, 352pp, $84.95 (Hardcover) $69.94 (Softcover). ISBN: 1843769212As the environments of higher education and information tech...
Large Scale Needs-Based Open Innovation via Automated Semantic Textual Similarity Analysis

Open innovation often enjoys large quantities of submitted content. Yet the need to effectively process such large quantities of content impede the widespread use of open innovation in practice. This article presents an exploration of needs-based open innovation using state-of-the art natural language processing (NLP) algorithms to address existing limitations of exploiting large amounts of incoming data. The Semantic Textual Similarity (STS) algorithms were specifically developed to compare sentence-length text passages and were used to rate the semantic similarity of pairs of text sentences submitted by users of a custom open innovation platform. A total of 341 unique users submitted 1,735 textual problem statements or unmet needs relating to multiple topics: cooking, cleaning, and travel. Scores of equivalence generated by a consensus of ten human evaluators for a subset of the needs provided a benchmark for similarity comparison. The semantic analysis allowed for rapid (1 day per topic), automated screening of redundancy to facilitate identification of quality submissions. In addition, a series of permutation analyses provided critical crowd characteristics for the rates of redundant entries as crowd size increases. The results identify top modern STS algorithms for needfinding. These predicted similarity with Pearson correlations of up to .85 when trained using need-based training data and up to .83 when trained using generalized data. Rates of duplication varied with crowd size and may be approximately linear or appear asymptotic depending on the degree of similarity used as a cutoff. Semantic algorithm performance has shown rapid improvements in recent years. Potential applications to screen duplicates and also to screen highly unique sentences for rapid exploration of a space are discussed.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
A decomposition for someU-type statistics

Define ,\(S_{k,n} = \Sigma _{1 \leqslant i_1< \cdot \cdot \cdot< l_k \leqslant n} X_{i_1 } \cdot \cdot \cdot X_{i_k } ,n \geqslant k \geqslant {\text{1}}\) where {X, Xn,n≥1} are i.i.d. random variables withEX=0,EX2=1 and letHk(·) denote the Hermite polynomial of degreek. By establishing an LIL for products of correlated sums of i.i.d. random variables, the a.s. decomposition $$\begin{gathered} k!S_{k,n} = n^{k/2} H_k (S_{1n} /n^{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} ) - \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} k \\ 2 \\ \end{array} } \right)S_{1.n}^{k - 2} \sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {(X_i^2 - 1)} \hfill \\ + O(n^{(k - 1)/2} (\log \log n)^{(k - 3/2} ) \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ valid whenEX4<∞, elicits an LIL forηk,n=k!Sk,n−nk/2Hk(S1n/n1/2) under a reduced normalization. Moreover, whenE|X|p<∞ for somep in [2, 4], a Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund type strong law forηk,n is obtained, likewise under a reduced normalization.
Probe and Practice on The Construction of Community Education Full-time Workers——A Case Study to Yuexue District in Guangzhou City

The development of community education cannot do without the support of high quality talent. Full-time workers of community education are organizers and promoters,playing the leading role in the whole process of community education. The acceleration of the construction of full-time workers in community education will acquire further input and more resources; talent structure of full-time workers related to community education should be optimized; the training system of professional full-time workers related to community education should be promoted; an operational secure mechanism of full-time workers related to community education should be established and improved as well.
Bone marrow acid phosphatase in staging of prostatic cancer: how reliable is it?

AbstractTo evaluate the reliability of bone marrow acid phosphatase in the staging of prostatic carcinoma we analyzed 50 bone marrow samples collected at random from the hematology service at this hospital. The samples were assayed for acid phosphatase content by a colorimetric method using sodium thymolphthalein monophosphate as a substrate and by 2 immunochemical assays developed at our laboratory (counter immunoelectrophoresis and radioimmunoassay). We found a high percentage (61 per cent) of falsely positive results in patients with various hematological diseases without evidence of prostatic carcinoma by the colorimetric evaluation. All of these patients except 1 had negative immunochemical assays. Until a specific assay for prostatic acid phosphatase is developed for clinical use we caution the use of a single elevation of bone marrow acid phosphatase as a parameter of metastatic disease.
Adverse childhood experiences and later life adult obesity and smoking in the United States.

Abstract Purpose Prior work demonstrates associations between physical abuse, household alcohol abuse, and household mental illness early in life with obesity and smoking. Studies, however, have not generally been in nationally representative samples and have not conducted analyses to account for bias in the exposure. Methods We used data from the 1979 U.S. National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to test associations between measures of adverse childhood experiences with obesity and smoking and used an instrumental variables approach to address potential measurement error of the exposure. Results Models demonstrated associations between childhood physical abuse and obesity at age 40 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–1.52) and ever smoking (OR 1.83; 95% CI, 1.56–2.16), as well as associations between household alcohol abuse (OR 1.53; 95% CI, 1.31–1.79) and household mental illness (OR 1.29; 95% CI, 1.04–1.60) with ever smoking. We find no evidence of association modification by gender, socioeconomic position, or race and/or ethnicity. Instrumental variables analysis using a sibling's report of adverse childhood experiences demonstrated a relationship between household alcohol abuse and smoking, with a population attributable fraction of 17% (95% CI, 2.0%–37%) for ever smoking and 6.7% (95% CI, 1.6%–12%) for currently smoking. Conclusions Findings suggest long-term impacts of childhood exposure to physical abuse, household alcohol abuse, and parental mental illness on obesity and smoking and that the association between household alcohol abuse and smoking is not solely due to measurement error.
Management of intrarenal branch arterial lesions with extracorporeal microvascular reconstruction and autotransplantation.

AbstractExtracorporeal microvascular reconstruction and autotransplantation have been done on 16 patients with intrarenal branch arterial lesions. The specific indications for this approach and the microvascular reconstructive techniques used in these cases are reviewed. All revascularization procedures were successful. Vascular reconstruction with preservation of renal parenchyma is possible in most patients with extensive intrarenal branch arterial disease.
Alteplase: a tissue plasminogen activator for acute myocardial infarction.

Alteplase is a human tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) produced by recombinant DNA technology. It is a relatively fibrin-specific thrombolytic agent, used primarily to lyse coronary artery clots. It has proven effective in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Despite continuous reevaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters for t-PA, limited distribution and clearance data mandate administration of t-PA as a continuous infusion. Tissue plasminogen activator is eliminated primarily by hepatic metabolism with an elimination half-life of five to ten minutes. Plasma levels show great interindividual variation but correlate with infusion rate and decrease in fibrinogen level. The current recommended dose is 100 mg administered as a 10-mg iv bolus followed by a continuous infusion over three hours. However, 40-150 mg has been used in clinical trials. The compound has undergone extensive testing, comparing it with placebo and streptokinase (SK), and combining it with angioplasty and coronary artery bypass surgery. Tissue plasminogen activator is effective at opening clotted coronary arteries in approximately 70 percent of AMI patients and has been shown to be approximately twice as effective as SK in one U.S. trial. Although there is considerable evidence of efficacy with t-PA, data evaluating the influence of t-PA on mortality are limited, but suggest a reduction to five percent. Currently, thrombolytic therapy is indicated for patients experiencing a transmural AMI with onset of symptoms within three to six hours before presenting to the emergency room. Active internal bleeding or conditions predisposing to serious hemorrhage are contraindications to thrombolytic therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The fragile X-associated tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS)

The classic presentation of fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is an aging man with progressive cerebellar gait ataxia, kinetic tremor, mild parkinsonism, and cognitive decline, especially executive dysfunction. Peripheral neuropathy and autonomic dysfunction may be present. MR imaging often reveals global brain atrophy and white matter changes, including hyperintensities of the middle cerebellar peduncles, termed the “MCP sign,” and pathology shows intranuclear inclusions in brain. Recent studies, however, have shown that the FXTAS clinical picture is heterogeneous, with variations, for example, that include persons with minor or no tremor and others with predominant dementia or peripheral neuropathy. Onset of motor signs in males is typically in the early 60s, and approximately 40% of male carriers over age 50 and 8% of female carriers over age 40 develop the disorder. Penetrance is age related, such that 75% of men ≥80 years of age are affected. While much less data exist regarding FXTAS in female carriers, they appear to have similar but less severe motor signs, perhaps less cognitive impairment, and some different patterns of involvement than seen in males. FXTAS, at present, is underdiagnosed largely because the presentation is often a combination of signs which are common in the elderly. Furthermore, the heterogeneous nature of the disorder facilitates misdiagnosis, especially in the earlier stages. Diagnostic evaluation requires FMR1 gene testing. Accurate diagnosis is not only important for the affected person but also for their family, as immediate family members may be at risk of having progeny with fragile X syndrome.
Survival and Growth of Listeria monocytogenes on Fresh-Cut “Athena” and “Rocky Ford” Cantaloupes During Storage at 4°C and 10°C

Abstract Cantaloupes, marketed as “Rocky Ford,” were implicated in the U.S. multistate outbreak of listeriosis in 2011, which caused multiple fatalities. Listeria monocytogenes can survive on whole cantaloupes and can be transferred to the flesh of melons. The growth of L. monocytogenes on fresh-cut “Athena” and “Rocky Ford” cantaloupe cultivars during refrigerated storage was evaluated. Fresh-cut cubes (16.4 cm3) from field-grown cantaloupes were each inoculated with 5 log10 CFU/mL of a multi-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes and stored at 4°C or 10°C. Inoculated fresh-cut cubes were also: (1) continuously stored at 4°C for 3 days; (2) temperature-abused (TA: 25°C for 4 h) on day 0; or (3) stored at 4°C for 24 h, exposed to TA on day 1, and subsequently stored at 4°C until day 3. L. monocytogenes populations on fresh-cut melons continuously stored at 4°C or 10°C were enumerated on selected days for up to 15 days and after each TA event. Brix values for each cantaloupe variety were determined. L. monocyt...
Life cycle management system of power transmission and transformation equipment based on Internet of Things

With the energy demand increases, the coverage area of interconnected power grid gradually expanded, the number, variety and complexity of the transmission and substation equipment have increased rapidly, the safe operation of electrical power equipment become more important to the safe and reliable operation of the grid. At present, domestic and abroad condition monitoring and management of power transmission equipment have a lot of study, but there are still have a lot of problems, for instance, panoramic views of the state lacks sharing and analysis of analytical equipment, intelligent equipment is not high, the timeliness of diagnosis and decision-making, interactivity and automation level is not enough, the whole life cycle has lacking of integration and closed-loop problems. While, the Internet of Things (IOT) of electrical power equipment enriches and expands the network properties of the smart grid, and greatly supports the realization of electrical power equipment intelligent in technology. The operation status monitoring, fault diagnosis, condition assessment and life-cycle management of electrical power equipment has important scientific significance and application value to improve its operation reliability and utilization, as well as to achieve its optimal management. Therefore, how to construct power transmission technology based on networking equipment intelligent monitoring and having a full life-cycle management capabilities networking, It has great scientific and practical significance to enhance the safe and stable operation and the grid operation risk control of electrical power equipment and power grid.
Surgical site infection related to use of elastomeric pumps in pectus excavatum repair. Lessons learned from root cause analysis

Abstract Background Pectus excavatum repair (PEX) is among the most painful thoracic procedures performed. Continuous peripheral nerve blockade (CPNB) is known to be efficacious in optimizing pain control while limiting narcotic use in adult thoracic procedures. It was introduced in May 2015 as a bridge to oral pain control in children undergoing PEX. Consequently, the surgical site infection (SSI) rate increased from 2.7% to 27.7%. Methods SSI surveillance followed national guidelines. The abrupt increase prompted root cause analysis and cessation of CPNB use. A dynamic systems model of SSI in PEX was developed. Statistical analysis compared SSI outcomes with and without CPNB. Results From May 2015 to June 2015, 21 PEX were performed; 11 with CPNB. 6 SSIs were observed. Use of CPNB significantly ( p =0.008) increased SSI incidence. Haller index, number of bars, usage of Fiberwire®, methicillin resistant S. aureus colonization and length of stay did not differ. Root cause analysis revealed the proximity of CPNB catheters to the wound, the use of CPNB with implanted hardware and a delayed utilization of CPNB catheters to be of concern. Conclusion Introduction of CPNB coincided with a significant increase in SSI. Further study is needed to assess the safety of CPNB in pediatric PEX. Level of evidence Level III treatment study.
Some Simple Remarks on an Autoregressive Scheme and an Implied Problem

Nonminimum phase autoregressive schemes are considered in the context of the problem of determining a stationary process that satisfies a possibly nonlinear autoregressive system of equations. It's noted that in most solutions there is an implicit assumption that the independent random variables generating the process are independent of the past of the process. This is not true of the non-minimum phase schemes. A simple scheme that has a characteristic polynomial with roots inside and outside the unit disc in the complex plane is discussed.
FuTSe: a fuzzy taxonomy service to facilitate product search

The number of people who buy services and products on-line have drastically accelerated over the last couple of years. Service and product vendors like IBM and Amazon claim that 50% of their customers begin their journey on the respective on-line sites be it for technical support, maintenance services or new product purchase. Enabling customers to get to the service/product they are looking for in the most efficient manner is an important problem to solve for superior customer experience. In the specific industry of Technical support services, product sites get several thousand search queries every day. These queries vary across a range of technical issues, maintenance requests or new purchases for a suite of hardware and software products. The key to responding satisfactorily to these queries is in understanding the products or the services being talked about. Our analysis shows that majority of the time users either do not specify the product or the service name in the search query, or they use a non-standard, colloquial version of the name. Thus, finding the right product/service by either implicitly using context or fuzzily using the search terms is both a crucial problem to solve for on-line service providers as well as for the customers. Faceted search and keyword-based search does not work when there are partial or incomplete queries, and typographical mistakes or absence of product information. In this paper, we build a fuzzy-based taxonomy service that (a) extracts the keywords from a user query, (b) handles partial queries by auto-completing in context, (c) utilizes user browsing context and then (d) uses a fuzzy-based similarity metric to retrieve relevant products/services and their associated information from the product taxonomy file. We show on real user queries that by using the service we are able to get 90% of the product names accurately for a technical service provider, when they are either not mentioned or incomplete.
Localized Frames Are Finite Unions of Riesz Sequences

It is shown that every localized frame is a finite union of Riesz sequences. This is a partial solution to a question of Feichtinger.
Experiments on the Natural Transition of an Unsteady Wake

Experiments were conducted to investigate the natural transition to turbulence of a periodically unsteady laminar wake. Measurements show that periodic mean flow unsteadiness acts to modulate instability fluctuations in amplitude and phase and as a result increases spectral broadening. Significant nonlinear wave coupling between the unsteady mean flow and the generated sidebands is found in bicoherence spectra calculations. The results of these experiments, and other controlled transition experiments where specific instabilities are excited, indicate that an unsteady mean flow can act as a catalyst to accelerate the transition by enhancing the generation of sideband energy which can ultimately be redistributed through nonlinear interactions.
Belief in God: Why People Believe, and Why They Don’t:

Belief in a god or gods is a central feature in the lives of billions of people and a topic of perennial interest within psychology. However, research over the past half decade has achieved a new l...
Ribociclib in HR+/HER2- Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients.

Objective: To review the chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of ribociclib (LEE011, Kisqali) in hormone receptor–positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor-2–negati...