cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Novel Evaluation of Two Related, and Two Independent Algorithms for Eye Movement Classification during Reading

Nystrӧm and Holmqvist have published a method for the classification of eye movements during reading (ONH) (Nystrom & Holmqvist, 2010). When we applied this algorithm to our data, the results were not satisfactory, so we modified the algorithm (now the MNH) to better classify our data. The changes included: (1) reducing the amount of signal filtering, (2) excluding a new type of noise, (3) removing several adaptive thresholds and replacing them with fixed thresholds, (4) changing the way that the start and end of each saccade was determined, (5) employing a new algorithm for detecting PSOs, and (6) allowing a fixation period to either begin or end with noise. A new method for the evaluation of classification algorithms is presented. It was designed to provide comprehensive feedback to an algorithm developer, in a time-efficient manner, about the types and numbers of classification errors that an algorithm produces. This evaluation was conducted by three expert raters independently, across 20 randomly chosen recordings, each classified by both algorithms. The MNH made many fewer errors in determining when saccades start and end, and it also detected some fixations and saccades that the ONH did not. The MNH fails to detect very small saccades. We also evaluated two additional algorithms: the EyeLink Parser and a more current, machine-learning-based algorithm. The EyeLink Parser tended to find more saccades that ended too early than did the other methods, and we found numerous problems with the output of the machine-learning-based algorithm.
The geo-spatial distribution of childhood diarrheal disease in West Africa, 2008–2013: A covariate-adjusted cluster analysis

Abstract Diarrhea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children in West Africa. To determine whether there are areas of heightened risk and if so, how they may be influenced by household and climatic variables, we describe the geo-spatial distribution of childhood diarrhea in ten countries of West Africa for the period 2008–2013 using data from Demographic and Health Surveys. The purely spatial scan statistic was applied, where the observed diarrhea cases were modeled as a Poisson variable and were compared to expected cases predicted from non-spatial logistic regression. Covariate-adjusted cluster analysis detected statistically significant clusters (p
Using qualitative reasoning to understand financial arithmetic

This paper describes a general mechanism for the qualitative interpretation of simple arithmetic relations. This mechanism is useful for the understanding and reasoning about domains that can be modeled by systems of simple arithmetic equations. Our representation attempts to model the underlying arithmetic in its complete detail. Reasoning from these forms provides the completeness and consistency that cannot be always guaranteed by a pure production-rule based system. We describe an experimental architecture for Equation Reasoning (ER), and illustrate its applicability using examples from the financial domain.
The effect of relaxation of interstate banking restrictions on the probability of bank failures and the expected value of FDIC liabilities

The relaxation of interstate banking restrictions would allow small and medium-sized banks the opportunity to alter the composition of their loan portfolios. The issue addressed in this research is what affect this would have on the banks' riskiness. While the variance of asset returns is commonly used to measure risk from an investor's perspective, it is not the best measure of social risk. Two alternative measures of social risk, the probability of bank failure and the expected value of payout by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) are investigated. It is demonstrated that these risk measures are not always compatible with the variance as an indicator of risk changes;The project develops a 2-bank, 2-asset probabilistic framework to analyze the risk changes that result from geographic deregulation. Assuming that loan losses between regions are distributed as a truncated bivariate normal distribution, the necessary integrals to derive the desired probabilities and expected payouts are specified. Since no apparent closed-form solutions exist for the derivatives of these integrals, a simulation exercise is conducted to determine the changes in social risk that would result from deregulation. Using various assumptions about bank capitalization rates, the mean and variance of loan losses and the correlation of losses between regions, the sensitivity of the results are examined;The results suggest that geographic deregulation would provide the opportunity for banks to reduce their probability of failure and the expected payout by the FDIC to a representative bank. However, whether banks actually reduce their riskiness will depend on their portfolio reoptimization. From a systemic viewpoint, it is shown that the probability of a bank failing would likely decline, but the probability of multiple bank failures would increase. Finally, the total expected payout by the FDIC would potentially decline.
A Multi-Site Study of Social Cognitive Factors Related to Adherence Among Youth Living With HIV in the New Era of Antiretroviral Medication.

Objective The goal of the current study was to determine how a set of social cognitive factors predict antiretroviral therapy (ART) medication adherence in youth living with HIV in an era of newer highly active ART medications using a conceptual model. Methods Behaviorally infected youth living with HIV ages 13-24 (N = 822) from 14 sites within the Adolescent Medicine Trials Unit (AMTU) were included in the study. Structural equation modeling was used to explore predictors of ART medication adherence. Results Results found that motivational readiness for ART was related to higher ART medication adherence, which was associated with lower viral load. Higher social support and higher self-efficacy had an indirect relationship with higher adherence through increased motivational readiness. Fewer psychological symptoms were associated with higher social support and higher self-efficacy. Lower substance use was directly associated with lower adherence. Conclusions The results provide insight into factors that may be related to adherence in youth living with HIV. Findings suggest focusing on motivational readiness to increase adherence. Improving the patients' ART self-efficacy and strengthening their social support networks during treatment can increase motivational readiness for ART treatment. Furthermore, programs maybe more effective with the inclusion of risk reduction components especially those related to substance use.
Emergent intraspecific multiple predator effects shape estuarine trophic dynamics across a gradient of habitat complexity

Abstract Estuarine ecosystems are characterized by heterogeneity in species assemblages and habitat complexity, so prey in these systems are often threatened by multiple predators across a mosaic of habitats. When several predator species or conspecifics co-occur, behavioral interactions between them can introduce non-independence to their predator-prey dynamics, which can alter the fate of shared prey. Habitat complexity may regulate these interactions and further impact prey survivorship. We conducted an experiment that manipulated the densities and identities of two ecologically similar estuarine-dependent predators, Red Drum ( Sciaenops ocellatus ) and Spotted Seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus ), within three habitat complexities. The resulting survivorships of two shared prey types were utilized to determine whether these predators are substitutable, to examine their inter- and intra-specific trophic interactions , and to investigate the impact of habitat structural complexity on their trophic dynamics. The predators differed in their prey preferences and predation pressures, indicating they are generally not substitutable. Interactions between conspecific predators were particularly important in shaping trophic dynamics, and often resulted in combined predation impacts that either enhanced or reduced the survivorship of shared prey as compared to expected values based on foraging rates of individuals. Minimal evidence of interspecific trophic interactions was detected. The observed emergent multiple predator effects differed among the habitats, and were generally intense in intermediate habitat complexity but were either intense or weak in high habitat complexity, depending on the predator combination. These results collectively indicate that prey regulation in this estuarine trophic system is highly dependent on the predator-prey assemblage and habitat context, and enhances our understanding of how multiple predators interactively shape their shared ecosystem.
Proceedings of the 42nd Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture

Welcome to the 42nd International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA), in Portland, Oregon, June 13-17, 2015, at the Oregon Convention Center. ISCA has a long history of leadership as the top conference in the field of computer architecture. ISCA's success is because of all of you, our participants, organizers, and supporters. Thank you for coming, participating, and supporting this conference. As in previous ISCA conferences, expect to participate in technical presentations, workshops, tutorials, and networking opportunities of the highest caliber with colleagues from all over the world!
Power Measurement Based Code Classification for Programmable Logic Circuits

Traditional cyber security and monitoring systems rely on prior knowledge about possible attacks, which renders them ineffective against novel schemes (zero-day attacks). Moreover, intruders are targeting different types of devices (e.g. Programmable Logic Circuits/Controllers (PLC)) for which traditional security systems are unavailable. A solution to this problem is provided by analysis of the power consumption behavior of a system and relating power consumption characteristics to behavior internal to the device. In this work, a detection system is developed which is capable of discriminating between different codes executed by the target device, a PLC, based on passive measurement at the external power supply point; this is unlike previous methods, which relied on a specific sensor located directly over the chip. Results show that for a PLC, which is executing four different codes, the classification system can discriminate with very high accuracy $(\gt99$%).
Review: Áine Humble & M. Elise Radina (Eds.) (2019). How Qualitative Data Analysis Happens: Moving Beyond "Themes Emerged"

In diesem Beitrag bespreche ich das Buch "How Qualitative Data Analysis Happens: Moving Beyond 'Themes Emerged'" (HUMBLE & RADINA 2019 ), eine Sammlung von Kommentaren von Forscher_innen zu ihrem Umgang/ihren Erfahrungen mit der qualitativen Datenanalyse. Die Herausgeberinnen fassen als Ziel Ihrer Arbeit, Licht auf die Praktiken zu werfen, die ublicherweise den Platzrestriktionen im Rahmen akademischer Veroffentlichungen zum Opfer fallen. Ich versuche aus meiner Perspektive als Novizin einzuschatzen, in welcher Weise das Buch jungen Wissenschaftler_innen bei ihrem Einstieg in die Forschung helfen kann.
Role of Peroxidase in Stimulation of the Pentose Cycle of A549 Cells by Aerobic Irradiation

The glutathione redox cycle is the major pathway for providing cells with reducing equivalents for bioreduction of drug-or radiation-induced superoxide and peroxide (1).
A mixed methods evaluation of an intervention to prevent perinatal depression among Latina immigrants

Objective: The effectiveness of a cognitive behavioural intervention to prevent perinatal depression in low-income Latina immigrant pregnant women and mothers receiving WIC services was evaluated i...
Addressing Hate: Georgia, the IRS, and the Ku Klux Klan

In 1944, the Ku Klux Klan officially suspended its operations. Two years later, it had entirely ended. In part this was the inevitable result of a decade of declining influence and membership. In part, though, it was the result of actions by the federal government and the state of Georgia. In 1916 the Ku Klux Klan incorporated as a Georgia fraternal organization, following a model of the Masons and other fraternal organizations. It also claimed to be a tax-exempt fraternal beneficiary society under the new federal income tax. These legal statuses provided the Klan with legal rights and benefits and also shrouded it in a cloak of respectability: it could claim that it was not merely a terroristic white supremacist group, but that it provided fraternal benefits to its members and the surrounding community. Its incorporation and tax status provided it with benefits, it also imposed obligations on the organization. The Klan ultimately proved incapable of meeting these requirements. It violated the terms of its corporate charter and of tax exemption as a fraternal beneficiary society. The Bureau of Internal Revenue assessed a $685,305 tax on the Klan and, when the Klan did not pay, filed a lien. The state of Georgia in turn revoked its corporate charter. While these moves did not cause the second Klan’s death, they did seal its death. This Article relates the story of the Klan’s corporate and tax statuses. It focuses on this story both because the story has never been related in any detail and because it provides a perspective on how government can deal with contemporary white nationalist groups without violating the Constitution.
Lipoblastomas and liposarcomas in paediatric patients: A case series:

Lipoblastomas and liposarcomas are rare causes of soft tissue masses in paediatric patients. In this retrospective clinical case series we identified 11 patients from our paediatric database (10 wi...
Pain or gain? Understanding how trait empathy impacts leader effectiveness following the provision of negative feedback.

Although providing negative performance feedback can enhance employee performance, leaders are sometimes reluctant to engage in this activity. Reflecting this, prior research has identified negative feedback provision as an aversive, yet potentially rewarding, managerial activity. However, little is known about how providing negative feedback impacts the effectiveness of leaders who do so. To shed light on this issue, we develop and test a theoretical model that identifies how leaders' proximal and distal reactions to providing negative feedback are contingent upon their levels of trait empathy. Supporting our theory, results from an experience sampling study indicate that leaders higher in trait empathy report feeling both less attentive and more distressed after providing subordinates with negative feedback, whereas leaders lower in trait empathy report feeling more attentive and less distressed. Attentiveness and distress, in turn, were associated with leaders' daily perceptions of their effectiveness; distress was also associated with leaders' daily enactment of transformational leadership behavior. Results of two subsequent studies focused on single episodes of negative feedback provision revealed that trait empathy amplifies the extent to which feedback recipients' negative emotional reactions impact additional leader effectiveness criteria (e.g., executive functioning and planning/problem-solving), further supporting the need to account for the crucial role of trait empathy in the feedback-provision process. Altogether, our research provides a novel perspective on the feedback-giving process by shifting the focus of theorizing from the recipient to the provider, while challenging current thinking about leader empathy by highlighting its potential downside for leadership. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
A Longitudinal Analysis of Functional Disability, Recovery, and Nursing Home Utilization After Hospitalization for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions Among Community-Living Older Persons.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs) are considered potentially preventable. With little known about the functional outcomes of older persons after ACSC-related hospitalizations, our objectives were to describe: (1) the 6-month course of postdischarge functional disability, (2) the cumulative monthly probability of functional recovery, and (3) the cumulative monthly probability of incident nursing home (NH) admission. METHODS The analytic sample included 251 ACSC-related hospitalizations from a cohort of 754 nondisabled, community-living persons aged 70 years and older who were interviewed monthly for up to 19 years. Patient-reported disability scores in basic, instrumental, and mobility activities ranged from 0 to 13. Functional recovery was defined as returning within 6 months of discharge to a total disability score less than or equal to that immediately preceding hospitalization. RESULTS The mean age was 85.1 years, and the mean disability score was 5.4 in the month prior to the ACSC-related hospitalization. After the ACSC-related hospitalization, total disability scores peaked at month 1 and improved modestly over the next 5 months, but remained greater than the pre-hospitalization score. Functional recovery was achieved by 70% of patients, and incident NH admission was experienced by 50% within 6 months after the 251 ACSC-related hospitalizations. CONCLUSIONS During the 6 months after an ACSC-related hospitalization, older persons exhibited total disability scores that were higher than those immediately preceding hospitalization, with 3 of 10 not achieving functional recovery and half experiencing incident NH admission. These findings provide evidence that older persons experience clinically meaningful adverse patient-reported outcomes after ACSC-related hospitalizations.
A high-voltage power electronics unit for flying insect robots that can modulate wing thrust

Flapping-wing insect-scale robots ( pp with pp . The thrust modulation reported here is necessary to realize controlled flight using on-board power systems, instead of externally provided signals via a wire tether.
Fertility preservation in women with cystic fibrosis pre-lung transplantation: A mixed methods study.

AIMS Explore the knowledge, experiences, preferences, and concerns related to fertility preservation as an option for building a biological family among women with cystic fibrosis. DESIGN Convergent mixed methods study design. METHODS We recruited women with cystic fibrosis of childbearing age in the United States through cystic fibrosis centres, snowball sampling, and social media. Participants completed an anonymous survey about fertility and fertility preservation (n = 50). We also conducted audio-recorded, semi-structured interviews with a subset of women to gain a better understanding of their perspectives (n = 20). We transcribed the interviews verbatim and analysed them using thematic analysis. RESULTS For the quantitative arm, 78% of women indicated that they would like to have a child in the future; however, 74% reported never having had conversations about fertility preservation with their providers. For the qualitative arm, four major themes emerged: (1) Women with cystic fibrosis have inadequate knowledge about fertility and fertility preservation; (2) fertility is a low priority area for the cystic fibrosis care team; (3) women with cystic fibrosis recommend that the cystic fibrosis care team provide specific fertility resources; and (4) providers and literature lack information on fertility and cystic fibrosis. Integrated findings identified that while the majority of women with cystic fibrosis want to become mothers in the future, including post-lung transplantation, they have not received education on fertility preservation, and there is a general lack of knowledge on the topic of fertility in cystic fibrosis. CONCLUSION Women with cystic fibrosis desire to have children but have little knowledge about fertility preservation, and cystic fibrosis providers do not initiate family planning discussions. IMPACT Findings from the study support that additional education is needed for women with cystic fibrosis who are considering parenthood. Clinical care models should include early, regular, and thoughtful discussions about reproductive health issues, including fertility preservation.
K-C60:Growth Structures, Phase Formation, and Electronic Properties

This paper focuses on K-C60 thin films. Scanning tunneling microscopy shows that high quality films can be grown epitaxially on GaAs(110), ultraviolet photoemission shows the complex nature of the electronic states of the K3C60 phase, and x-ray photoemission reveals the phase diagram for this system.
Mapping Functional Topography in the Macaque Ventral Visual Pathway

The visual system generates our perception of the world's three spatial dimensions using information from two-dimensional (2D) retinal images—a task that is essential for recognizing and interacting with objects and our environment. Computationally, this feat could be achieved through a series of
A ultra-wideband CMOS PA with dummy filling for reliability

This paper presents a V-band power amplifier in a bulk 65 nm CMOS technology with the peak gain 14.5 dB and 3-dB bandwidth of 28.8 GHz (50.8 GHz to 79.6 GHz). The PA has demonstrated 15.1 dBm Psat and 18.9 % peak PAE. The PA features three stage transformer coupled differential architecture with integrated input and output baluns. The entire PA core occupies 0.31 mm2 chip area and dissipates about 150 mW.
A placozoan affinity for Dickinsonia and the evolution of late Proterozoic metazoan feeding modes.

SUMMARY Dickinsonia is one of the most recognizable forms in the Ediacaran fauna, but its phylogenetic position has been contentious, and it has been placed in almost every kingdom of life. Here, it is hypothesized that the affinities of Dickinsonia lie with the Placozoa (Metazoa), an understudied phylum that is widespread in tropical seas worldwide. Modern placozoans show obvious differences in size and axial organization compared with Dickinsonia, but these differences can be accounted for by the stem-group/crowngroup distinction. The affinity with placozoans is evidenced primarily by the unique feeding mode of Dickinsonia, which is demonstrated by a series of feeding traces. These traces indicate that Dickinsonia moved over the Ediacaran matgrounds, and digested the mat using its entire lower sole. The ability of Dickinsonia to move negates an algal, fungal, or sponge affinity, while the feeding mode, external digestion with a ventral sole, rules out placement within any sponge or eumetazoan lineage. The only organisms that both move and feed in this manner are placozoans. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have demonstrated that placozoans lie above sponges but below Eumetazoa. We hypothesize that Dickinsonia and other externally digesting Ediacaran forms are either stem-placozoans, or a series of extinct lineages above sponges and below eumetazoans on the metazoan tree. We discuss the potential evolutionary transitions between the main metazoan feeding modes in the context of the emerging molecular phylogeny, and suggest that aspects of the sponge and placozoan feeding strategies are relicts of nonuniformitarian Proterozoic ocean conditions.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUSTRALIAN VERSION OF THE RATIONAL BEHAVIOR INVENTORY

An Australian version of the Rational Behavior Inventory was developed by modifying 10 of the 37 scale items. Validity of the Australian version was supported by zero-order correlations in the predicted direction between scores on the inventory and on tests of self-esteem, dogmatism, and anomia for a sample of 74 Australian students in social work. The Australian version had a reliability of .70 as measured by Cronbach's alpha and coefficients of reproducibility which averaged .90 for the 11 factors in the index. No significant differences were found between the mean scores of Australian and U. S. students in social work on the Australian test or between the U. S. students on the Australian test and a sample of 47 students at Michigan State University on the original version, supporting the comparability of the tests in terms of level of scoring.
Calculated Induced Curremts in a Model Non-Union Fracture Stimulated by Helmholtz Coils Or Resistively Coupled Parallel Plates

This paper considers solutions to Maxwell's fiela equations for an idealized non-union fracture with (E) or (H) field excitation. Solutions to the differential equations using an iterative technique are developed in the vicinity of the break and current density data are compared for (E) and (H) stimulation. It is shown that while there are some similarities between the two ways of delivering information to the break, there are also some sharply defined differences. A major difference between the two induced current density patterns is that for the (E) case, the density is high through the gap but rapidly fails to zero in the intermedullary canal. For the (H) case, tne current density can be high fairly far back in the 1M canal since the magnetic field penetrates the flesh and bone in a uniform manner (i.e., the leg is non magnetic). This latter difference between the two induced fiela patterns may offer a way to identify the source of the cells that are involvea in the stimulated bone growth.
The American Colonies and the British Empire: 1607 - 1763

One: Building an Empire 1 Motivations and Assumptions 8 The Early Plantings 12 Steps Toward Empire 16 The Restoration Empire 20 Reaction in America 26 A Rebellion in Virginia 30 Other Rebellions 34 Reshaping the Empire 37 Two: The Economic Empire 42 Shipping and Staples 47 The Northern Commerce 55 Industrial Regulations 59 The Money Supply 65 An Assessment 69 Three: Imperial Politics and Warfare 72 The Royal Governor 76 The Lower Houses of Assembly 81 Colonists and Government 84 The Empire in War 90 The Colonies and War 95 A Summing Up 100 Bibliographical Essay 103 Index 111
The mechanism of precipitation strengthening in an iron-base superalloy

Abstract The Fe-Ni-Cr alloy A-286 is strengthened by the γ′ phase, Ni 3 (Al,Ti). Aging studies on a heat of commercial A-286 have been carried out to determine strength variation with aging; transmission electron microscopy on aged samples has permitted determination of γ′ particle size and volume fraction as a function of aging time. These parameters, combined with yield strength determinations at two temperatures and as a function of aging time, permit the predominant strengthening process to be identified. Application of the combined Brown-Ham and Labusch order-strengthening analysis results in a satisfactory description of the strength increase with aging, with the APB energy being 160 mJ/m 2 . It was concluded that strengthening in A-286 arises predominantly if not entirely from order in γ′.
Theory of the conformational order of single component sphingomyelin bilayers

Abstract A statistical mechanical analysis of the configurations of the fatty acyl chains of N -lignocerylsphingosinephosphorylcholine (n-C 24 ) and N -palmitoylsphingosinephosphorylcholine (n-C 16 ) is presented for the case of planar multibilayers. The configurations of the chains are constrained to lie on a three-dimensional lattice, and are generated by the three-dimensional paths of a specified unrestricted random walk on a two-dimensional square lattice. The order-disorder phase transition undergone by the fatty acyl chains is analyzed in light of the model. The transition temperature and enthalpies of transition are predicted in good agreement with calorimetric data. The experimental melting curve of (n-C 24 ) as measured by Raman spectroscopy, displays a post-transitional melting phenomenon indicative of excess trans bonds persisting beyond the main transition. This particular thermal behavior, absent in n-C 16 is explained with the aid of our theory. In particular, the theoretically predicted ratios of the high temperature (fluid) to the low temperature (gel) melting curve slopes agree very well with the experimental values for n-C 24 and n-C 16 . The n-C 24 molecules are predicted to be interdigitated in the gel phase. We discuss the use of our model to predict the equilibrium configurations of fatty acyl chains in membranes in the presence of unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds.
3,3‘-Dichlorobenzidine Transformation Processes in Natural Sediments

Release of 3,3‘-dichlorobenzidine (DCB), an intermediate in dye manufacturing, and its congeners are of environmental concern due to their carcinogenic nature. To elucidate the fate of these compou...
Formation and decay of triplet excimers as revealed by their absorption spectra: Intramolecular excimers of α,α-dinaphthylalkanes

Abstract Transient absorptions, which can be assigned to the triplet—triplet absorptions of excimers, have been observed from fluid solutions of α,α-dinaphthylalkanes. The temporal characteristics of the absorptions are identical to those of the emission previously assigned to excimer phosphorescence. Analysis of the monomer and the excimer absorptions indicate that the kinetics of formation and decay of the triplet excimer can be represented by a simple consecutive reaction scheme: 3 M* → 3 D* → 1 M.
Reliability and Factor Structure of the Autism Spectrum Disorders-Behavior Problems for Adults (ASD-BPA) With Intellectual Disabilities and Autism

This study was designed to establish the initial psychometric properties of the first scale specifically developed for behavior problems of adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID). The Autism Spectrum Disorders-Behavior Problems for Adults (ASD-BPA) consists of 20 items in which raters indicate if each item is a “problem” or “no problem.” One hundred seventy-one adults with ASD and ID from two developmental centers participated. The majority of participants (88%) had profound ID. Inter-rater, test-retest, and internal consistency correlation coefficients were computed. Item and factor analyses were also examined and a four-factor model was chosen including Aggression/Destruction, Stereotypy, Self-Injurious Behavior, and Disruptive Behavior. Reliability was moderate to good, internal consistency was very good, and model fit was good. The ASD-BPA may prove to be a useful tool for future research in delineating aspects of problem behaviors in adults that are associated wi...
A Soybean and Silage Ration for Dairy Cows

Summary Cows yielding as much as 50 pounds of milk daily (one cow averaged 40 lbs. daily during experimental period) were successfully carried over a period of 22 weeks on silage, fed ad libitum , and soybeans, fed at the rate of 1 pound per 5 pounds of milk produced. The silage was corn silage, sorghum silage or sorghum silage supplemented with 1 pound of corn per 20 pounds of silage. Bonemeal and salt were also provided. Silage consumption averaged about 6 pounds daily per hundred pounds live weight. Up to 9 pounds daily of soybeans were consumed by a single cow. No indications of nutritional deficiencies were observed. The cows practically maintained their weight while being fed soybeans and silage. As compared with paired cows on a normal grain and roughage ration the cows on the experimental ration produced slightly less milk but more butterfat. These differences were not statistically significant. The cows receiving the experimental ration produced milk with a significantly higher percentage of butterfat in it than did the cows on normal feed. No differences were found in the protein content of the milk produced by the two lots of cows, but there were significant differences in the iodine, Reichert-Meissl, and Polenske values. The iodine number was raised and the Reichert-Meissl and Polenske numbers were lowered by the experimental feeding. The experimental ration of soybeans and silage caused no marked change in milk flavor.
What can the history and physical examination tell us about low back pain

BACK pain ranks second only to upper respiratory illness as a symptomatic reason for office visits to physicians.1About 70% of adults have low back pain at some time, but only 14% have an episode that lasts more than 2 weeks. About 1.5% have such episodes with features of sciatica.2,3Most causes of back pain respond to symptomatic and physical measures, but some are surgically remediable and some are systemic diseases (cancer or disseminated infection) requiring specific therapy, so careful diagnostic evaluation is important. Features of the clinical history and physical examination influence not only therapeutic choices but also decisions about diagnostic imaging, laboratory testing, and specialist referral. ANATOMIC/PHYSIOLOGIC ORIGINS OF FINDINGS IN THE LOW BACK Low back pain may arise from several structures in the lumbar spine, including the ligaments that interconnect vertebrae, outer fibers of the annulus fibrosus, facet joints, vertebral periosteum, paravertebral musculature and fascia,
Slips of the tongue

Abstract Freud's theory of slips of the tongue has been extensively criticized by Adolf Grunbaum and Edward Erwin. They argue that in an effort to make the theory plausible Freud relied on examples of speech errors that do not conform to his theoretical characterization of slips of the tongue. These examples have contributed to the impression that Freud's theory relies on a broader evidential base than it in fact does. Furthermore they argue that Freud has not established the existence of a causal connection between repressed ideation and slips of the tongue. I argue that both of these criticisms are ill‐founded because they are demonstrably based on misinterpretations of Freud's view and misreadings of the relevant texts. Grunbaum and Erwin have consistently mistaken the epistemic structure of Freud's view. I am less interested in defending Freud's view than in clarifying the relationships between assertion and evidence in Freud's theory of parapraxes. To this end I conclude with an argument to show that...
Rolf engel vs. The German army: A Nazi career in rocketry and repression

Summary The history of German rocketry has been dominated by a master narrative emphasizing the Army Peenemūnde project. An examination of the career of Rolf Engel (1912–1993), an SS officer and veteran of Weimar rocket groups, undermines that narrative. After his arrest in 1933, Engel became a bitter opponent of the Army and joined the Nazi student movement and SD, ending his wartime career as an SS rocket expert. Engel's life demonstrates that the traditional dichotomy between the rocket engineers and “the Nazis,” similar to one used by other German scientists and engineers after 1945, is false. His career also illuminates some of the lesser rocket projects of the Third Reich.
Has HGF met other partners? Met-independent epithelial morphogenesis induced by HGF. focus on "Hepatocyte growth factor induces MDCK cell morphogenesis without causing loss of tight junction functional integrity".

polarized epithelial cells line the majority of vertebrate organs (including the urinary, digestive, and respiratory tracts), where they are responsible for life-sustaining vectorial transport and barrier functions. Morphogenesis of the epithelial cell phenotype is a complex phenomenon, and several
The Reaction of Formaldehyde with Cellulosic Fibers: Part II: Mechanical Behavior 1

The effects of an acid-catalyzed formaldehyde treatment on such mechanical proper ties as breaking strength and crease recovery have been determined for three cellulosic fabrics: cotton, Fortisan, ...
Electromagnetic effects in the production of dimuons at large transverse momentum

The effects of single-photon corrections to the simple Drell-Yan mechanism (qq → γ∗ → μ+μ−) are studied for massive dimuons at large transverse momentum in the processes π−p → μ+μ−X and pp → μ+μ−X. It is found that single-photon emission by the muons constitutes an important correction to the effects of single-gluon emission by the quarks for very massive (Mμμ2 ⪢ mμ2) muon pairs. Interference of the amplitude for photon emission from the muons with that for radiation from the quarks generates an asymmetry in the muon angular distribution. The forward-backward asymmetry is studied in detail as a function of pair mass and transverse momentum.
Altered Traveling Wave Propagation and Reduced Endocochlear Potential Associated with Cochlear Dysplasia in the BETA2/NeuroD1 Null Mouse

The BETA2/NeuroD1 null mouse has cochlear dysplasia. Its cochlear duct is shorter than normal, there is a lack of spiral ganglion neurons, and there is hair cell disorganization. We measured vertical movements of the tectorial membrane at acoustic frequencies in excised cochleae in response to mechanical stimulation of the stapes using laser doppler vibrometry. While tuning curve sharpness was similar between wild-type, heterozygotes, and null mice in the base, null mutants had broader tuning in the apex. At both the base and the apex, null mice had less phase lag accumulation with increasing stimulus frequency than wild-type or heterozygote mice. In vivo studies demonstrated that the null mouse lacked distortion product otoacoustic emissions, and the cochlear microphonic and endocochlear potential were found to be severely reduced. Electrically evoked otoacoustic emissions could be elicited, although the amplitudes were lower than those of wild-type mice. Cochlear cross-sections revealed an incomplete partition malformation, with fenestrations within the modiolus that connected the cochlear turns. Outer hair cells from null mice demonstrated the normal pattern of prestin expression within their lateral walls and normal FM 1-43 dye entry. Overall, these data demonstrate that while tonotopicity can exist with cochlear dysplasia, traveling wave propagation is abnormally fast. Additionally, the presence of electrically evoked otoacoustic emissions suggests that outer hair cell reverse transduction is present, although the acoustic response is shaped by the alterations in cochlear mechanics.
Segregation of Aliovalent Solutes Adjacent Surfaces in MgO

The segregation of ferrous iron, ferric iron, chromium, and scandium solutes adjacent {100} surfaces of MgO crystals in the single-phase region was studied by ion microprobe mass spec-troscopy. Excess concentration in a region near the surface was found for Fe3+, Cr3+, and Sc3+, but none for Fe2+. This segregation is the type predicted as necessary to balance the negative surface charge.
Lower Extremity Arterial Injury Patterns and Reconstructive Outcomes in Patients with Severe Lower Extremity Trauma: A 26-Year Review

BACKGROUND: Management of severe traumatic lower extremity injuries remains a considerable challenge. Free tissue transfer is now a standard part of reconstruction for Gustilo IIIB and IIIC injuries. There is limited information on arterial injury patterns in this population. We undertook a review of our experience to gain insight on vascular injury patterns and surgical outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: A 26-year retrospective analysis was performed of all lower extremity Gustilo IIIB and IIIC injuries requiring microvascular reconstruction at New York University Medical Center. Patient demographics, Gustilo classification, angiographic findings (conventional/computed tomographic angiography/magnetic resonance angiography), recipient vessels, elapsed time from injury, flap choices, and outcomes were examined. RESULTS: Two hundred twenty-two free flaps on 191 patients were performed from September 1982 until March 2008. There were 151 males and 40 females ranging in age from 4 to 83 years (median age 33 years). Patients sustained either Gustilo IIIB (170 patients) or IIIC (21 patients) open fractures. One hundred fifty-four patients had angiograms (78.2% IIIB, 100% IIIC). Sixty-six (42.9%) had normal 3-vessel runoff and 88 (57.1%) were abnormal. Sixty-one patients (31.9%) had anterior tibial injuries, 17 patients (8.9%) had posterior tibial injuries, and 30 (15.7%) had peroneal injuries. Sixty-three complications occurred (11 early thrombosis, 33 requiring secondary procedures, and 10 requiring amputation). CONCLUSIONS: Angiography of severe lower extremity injuries requiring free flap reconstruction usually revealed arterial injury and is generally indicated. In our experience, the anterior tibial artery is most commonly injured and the posterior tibial artery is most likely to be spared and used as a recipient.
SU-E-T-291: Dosimetry of Double Scattered Proton Beam Fields Used for Cranio-Spinal Irradiation.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of source to surface distance on treatment field lateral penumbra width and the consequence of setup error on the dose distribution in the junction between two spinal fields of double scatteredproton beams. Methods: The CTimages of the Spine Phantom from Radiological Physics Center was used to design a double scatteredproton beam treatment plan using Varian Eclipse treatment planning system. PTV included spinal cord, vertebral body and part of spinous process. The PTV was divided into superior and inferior parts and two posterior fields were used to cover the targets with the prescribed dose. 2D dose was measured using IBA MatriXX and EBT2 film at a depth close to the center of SOBPs of both the fields located both at the nominal source to axis distance (SAD) of 270 cm and at an extended SAD. The field separation was changed by ±1 mm to study the effect of setup error. The measured and TPS calculated dose distributions in verification plans in a water phantom were compared. Results:The measured 2‐D doses agreed very well with planned ones for individual fields. 99% of pixels pass 3%/3 mm dose/distance agreement criteria. The CAX dose differences are within 2%. The 80% to 20% penumbra widths at nominal SAD are 7.4/7.7/7.8 mm for planned/MatriXX/EBT2 film respectively, and about 1 mm wider for the extended SAD. The measured maximum dose was about 10% higher than that from the plan, and decreased/increased about 7% when the fields were separated by ±1 mm. Conclusions: The penumbra width is modestly affected by the extended SSD often used for patient treatment.Dose in the junction of two fields is very sensitive to the setup error and the accuracy of the TPS dose calculation in this region may be limited.
The Effect of Various Grading Scales on Student Grade Point Averages

Objective. To investigate changes in and the impact of grading scales from 2005 to 2010 and explore pharmacy faculty and student perceptions of whole-letter and plus/minus grading scales on cumulative grade point averages (GPAs) in required courses. Methods. Grading scales used in 2010 at the University of Cincinnati College of Pharmacy were retrospectively identified and compared to those used in 2005. Mean GPA was calculated using a whole-letter grading scale and a plus/minus grading scale to determine the impact of scales on GPA. Faculty members and students were surveyed regarding their perceptions of plus/minus grading. Results. Nine unique grading scales were used throughout the curriculum, including plus/minus (64%) and whole-letter (21%) grading scales. From 2005 to 2010 there was transition from use of predominantly whole-letter scales to plus/minus grading scales. The type of grading scale used did not affect the mean cumulative GPA. Students preferred use of a plus-only grading scale while faculty members preferred use of a plus/minus grading scale. Conclusions. The transition from whole-letter grading to plus/minus grading in courses from 2005 to 2010 reflects pharmacy faculty members’ perception that plus/minus grading allows for better differentiation between students’ performances.
Modified Picard Integrator for Spaceflight Mechanics

This paper investigates the applicability of the Parker–Sochacki Picard iteration method for spaceflight mechanics. Notably, solving initial value problems, parallel integration of multiple trajectories, and high-order state transition tensor computations are addressed. This paper presents a systematic approach to transforming vector fields to polynomial form, which is required for the method investigated. The application of this approach is presented on a few vector fields, including spherical harmonics gravity field. The initial cost of transforming the vector field can be justified by the performance of the initial value problem solver. Additionally, this polynomial form of the vector field is used in the calculation of state transition tensors with differentiation of polynomials only. This reduces the computations required to obtain state transition tensors for some problems and is discussed in this paper. An efficient representation of vector fields in polynomial form benefits the implementation of t...
Word Learning Processes in Children with Cochlear Implants

Purpose To determine whether 3 aspects of the word learning process—fast mapping, retention, and extension—are problematic for children with cochlear implants (CIs). Method The authors compared responses of 24 children with CIs, 24 age-matched hearing children, and 23 vocabulary-matched hearing children to a novel object noun training episode. Comprehension and production were measured immediately following training (fast mapping) as well as 1 day later (retention). Extension was measured in terms of the ability of the participants to identify new (untrained) exemplars. Results Compared with their hearing age-mates, children with CIs performed marginally more poorly on fast mapping as measured by the comprehension probe and more poorly on retention as measured by comprehension and production probes. The age-mates improved over the retention interval, but the children with CIs did not. Most of the children with CIs performed similarly to their age-mates on extension, but 2 children underextended, and 5 chi...
Cut Performance Fundamentals and Norms Harmonization

The cut performance of articles made of high performance materials is currently evaluated using several norm procedures. These tend to diverge, in their predictiveness of the “real” in use performance of the considered protective articles, when the cut resistance of the compounding fiber increases. Although relationships exist between the various cut performance levels obtained using ASTM, ISO, and EN norms, the ASTM and ISO approaches remain the most suitable methods for cut level exceeding 3, as defined by the European EN388 standard, this normalized cut resistance measurement procedure is part of the ANSI/ISEA 105-2000 guidance. Various studies, such as the effect of the cutting speed and the speed profile, the force distributions, the artefacts generated by various spot coatings, etc., aim at improving the interpretation of the measured cut level. Therewith, substantial potential improvements of the cut fundamental understanding and the norm harmonization are brought to the attention of the end-users of mechanically resistant articles made of high performance fibers, such as para-aramid.