cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical expression of ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 in cutaneous histiocytic proliferative, neoplastic and inflammatory disorders of dogs and cats.

Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) has been used widely as a marker for microglial cells and, recently, was also recognized as a ‘pan-macrophage marker’, as it is expressed by all subpopulations of cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. To determine the specificity of Iba1 as an immunohistochemical marker for canine and feline histiocytic proliferative, neoplastic and inflammatory disorders of the skin, we evaluated its expression in two types of histiocytic tumours, two non-neoplastic histiocytic proliferative conditions, one case of granulomatous dermatitis and four non-histiocytic tumours. Cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage in all cases of canine cutaneous histiocytoma (9/9), reactive histiocytosis (9/9), histiocytic sarcomas (5/5), feline progressive dendritic cell histiocytosis (3/3) and macrophages in cutaneous mycobacteriosis (7/7) showed strong cytoplasmic expression of Iba1. Neoplastic cells of melanomas (10/10), lymphomas (7/7), mast cell tumours (7/7) and plasmacytomas (4/4) did not express Iba1. Iba1 is therefore a useful marker of cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage in canine and feline inflammatory, proliferative and neoplastic conditions and can be used to identify these cells in formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded tissues. Iba1 is not able to differentiate between macrophages and dendritic antigen presenting cells and expression does not allow classification of these histiocytic disorders.
Technique for reflection prospecting in the Rub' Al-Khali

The Rub’ Al‐Khali desert with its extensive and massive sand dunes presents difficult technical and logistic problems for reflection prospecting. The steep angle of repose of the sand dune faces and the low velocity of the air‐filled sand cause significant delays to the reflected waves. In the dunes, in order to maintain the fidelity of both the downgoing and upcoming waves, small dynamite source and receiver arrays are each contoured to a single elevation. In the flat sabkhas, larger arrays are maintained. After application of dune statics (which are derived initially from an average velocity for the sand and then refined with residual refraction statics), the small arrays are summed so as to simulate the larger arrays used on the flat sabkhas. When the terrain is dominated by dunes, increased use of small arrays reduces the maximum spread length to the detriment of the deeper reflections. Where this occurs, a second set of dynamite patterns is fired so as to increase the effective receiver arrays from 1...
Continuously extending partial functions

We characterize those Hausdorff spaces in which continuous functions defined on compact subsets can be continuously extended to continuous functions defined on the space.
Detection of the “thermostable” antibody by means of the precipitin reaction

Abstract 1.A precipitin method for the detection of thermostable antibody has been devised. 2.This method compares favorably with that of passive transfer and is simple to perform. 3.This report is preliminary.
Arithmetic with real algebraic numbers is in NC

We describe NC algorithms for doing exact arithmetic with real algebraic numbers in the sign-coded representation introduced by Coste and Roy [CoR 1988]. We present polynomial sized circuits of depth O(log3 N) for the monadic operations -α, 1/α, as well as α + r, α · r, and sgn(α - r), where r is rational and α is real algebraic. We also present polynomial sized circuits of depth O(log7 N) for the dyadic operations α+β, α·β, and sgn(α - β), where α and β are both real algebraic. Our algorithms employ a strengthened form of the NC polynomial-consistency algorithm of Ben-Or, Kozen, and Reif [BKR 1986].
Refining Christian Religious Orientations through Cluster Analyses

To explore religious orientations, 163 Christians answered the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Religious Orientation and Quest Scales. Cluster analysis showed that Extrinsic Item 2 (“It doesn’t matter so much what I believe so long as I lead a moral life”) did not fit in the two- or three-cluster model. One cluster of the two-cluster and one of the three-cluster models were exactly the same and reflected intrinsic, personal religion. The remaining clusters showed why a correlation is found between the Extrinsic and Quest scales and suggest refinements of the scales.
Microstructure and Physicochemical Characteristics of Starches in Six Bean Varieties and Their Bean Paste Products

The objective of this study was to compare the physicochemical properties of starch and bean paste products and to relate to the sensory properties of the finished products made from Great Northern, navy, mung, adzuki, red kidney, and pinto beans. Mung beans had the smallest and adzuki beans the largest starch granule size. Amylose content ranged from 279–415 g/kg of the starch. The starch content of the bean paste ranged from 610–710 g/kg on dry basis. The pasting viscosity of the bean paste had strong correlations with smoothness (+0.93,P< 0.05) and grittiness (−0.92,P< 0.05). Amylose content also had strong correlations with smoothness (+0.88,P< 0.05) and grittiness (−0.89,P< 0.05). The smoothness of the sweetened paste was not related to the granule size and shape of the starch granules, starch gelatinization temperatures tested by differential scanning calorimetry and raw bean pasting viscosity.
Quadrature amplitude modulation in modulating retroreflector system

It has been shown that the data throughput of an optical modulating retroreflector (MRR) system can be enhanced by use of spectrally efficient M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-ary QAM). It has been demonstrated that this MRR system has sufficient dynamic range to support up to 64-QAM at 30 Mbit/s in a 6.75 MHz channel bandwidth.
Stiffening and End Processing of MAEAM Pair Potential for FCC Metals

A stiffening function and a truncated function of the pair-potential of the modified analytical embedded atom method (MAEAM) were suggested for fcc metals. Through fitting the mono-vacancy migration energy, the elastic constants, the cohesive energy and an equilibrium condition of fcc metal crystals correctly, we determined the stiffening parameter and changed the pair-potential parameters and the modification term parameter of the multi-body potential for fcc metals: Ag, Al, Au, Cu, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, and Rh. The model calculations fully demonstrate the phonon dispersion curves and the unrelaxed mono-vacancy properties of the nine fcc metals.
Functional Limitations and Nativity Status Among Older Arab, Asian, Black, Hispanic, and White Americans

To examine the association between nativity status (foreign and US-born) by race/ethnicity (Arab, Asian, black, Hispanic, white) on having a functional limitation. We used American Community Survey data (2001–2007; n = 1,964,777; 65+ years) and estimated odds ratios (95 % confidence intervals). In the crude model, foreign-born Blacks and Arabs were more likely, while Asians and Hispanics were less likely to report having a functional limitation compared to white. In the fully adjusted model, Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians were less likely, while Arabs were more likely to report having a functional limitation. In the crude model, US-born Blacks and Hispanics were more likely, while Asians and Arabs were less likely to report having a functional limitation compared to whites. Policies and programs tailored to foreign-born Arab Americans may help prevent or delay the onset of disability, especially when initiated shortly after their arrival to the US.
Interactive Youth and Family Work

SUMMARY Youthwork and family work are similar processes of human interaction. As youthworkers, youth, and family members move through a day or shift or visit, they learn and grow together. The goal is to create as many moments of connection, discovery, and empowerment as possible.
The distance-domination numbers of trees

The P-center problem is to locate P centers in a graph G so that the maximum distance between centers and non-centers is minimized. A related problem is to determine the maximum number of vertices that can be ''covered'' (within a distance of @a) by a vertex set of cardinality P in G. In this paper we describe an O(n^3P) algorithm which solves the maximum coverage problem on trees. We also apply the same idea to solve the P-median problem on trees.
Anti-ischemic actions of a new throm☐ane receptor antagonist during acute myocardial ischemia in cats

Abstract Throm☐ane A 2 (TxA 2 ) production increases significantly during acute myocardial ischemia. Since TxA 2 induces platelet aggregation, coronary vasoconstriction, and has a direct cytolytic effect, throm☐ane receptor antagonism would be expected to be beneficial in acute myocardial ischemia. Thirty minutes after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in anesthetized cats, the TxA 2 receptor antagonist BM-13, 177 or its vehicle was given as a bolus injection at 20 mg/kg, followed by continuous infusion of 20 mg/kg/hr for 4.5 hours. ST segment elevation declined significantly ( p ) after BM-13,1177 treatment, suggesting a reduction in cellular ischemia. The loss in myocardial creatine kinase (CK) activity and in free amino-nitrogen concentration in the ischemic area was also significantly reduced ( p ). No significant changes in blood pressure or heart rate were seen with BM-13, 177 during myocardial ischemia or in nonischemic control cats. Blood levels of BM-13,177 were sufficient to inhibit ex vivo platelet aggregation induced by the prostaglandin endoperoxide analog, U-46,619. Data from isolated cat coronary arteries suggest that BM-13,177 antagonizes the throm☐ane/endoperoxide receptor in coronary vascular smooth muscle. These experiments indicate that TxA 2 plays a significant role in propagating the extension of ischemic damage, and that throm☐ane receptor antagonism is an effective means of reducing the damage provoked by TxA 2 in acute myocardial ischemia.
Fabrication and characterization of sputtered-carbon microelectrode arrays.

This paper describes a robust and reliable process for fabricating a novel sputter-deposited, thin-film carbon microelectrode array using standard integrated circuit technologies and silicon micromachining. Sputter-deposited carbon films were investigated as potential candidates for microelectrode materials. The surface properties and cross section of the microelectrode arrays were studied by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Electrical site impedance, crosstalk, and lifetime (dielectric integrity) of microelectrodes in the array were characterized. Electrochemical response of the microelectrodes to hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride and dopamine were investigated by fast-scan cyclic voltammetry and high-speed, computer-based chronoamperometry; results show that thin-film carbon microelectrodes are well-behaved electrochemically. The thin carbon films offer extremely good electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties and thus qualify as viable candidates for various ...
How fungi made us hot blooded

Every day fungi kill millions of animals and plants. Very few of these victims maintain a body temperature above 37 °C. Coincindence?
Coiled-coils and motile cilia.

Genetic mapping studies in dogs, mice, zebrafish and humans have identified two new genes required for the assembly of motile cilia. The resulting gene products, CCDC39 and CCDC40, may represent previously unidentified components of the dynein regulatory complex.
Applying artificial neural networks. I. Estimating nicotine in tobacco from near infrared data

Two artificial neural network models were used to estimate the nicotine in tobacco: (i) a back-propagation network and (ii) a linear network. The back-propagation network consisted of an input layer, an output layer and one hidden layer. The linear network consisted of an input layer and an output layer. Both networks used the generalised delta rule for learning. Performances of both networks were compared to the multiple linear regression method MLR of calibration. The nicotine content in tobacco samples was estimated for two different data sets. Data set A contained 110 near infrared (NIR) spectra each consisting of reflected energy at eight wavelengths. Data set B consisted of 200 NIR spectra with each spectrum having 840 spectral data points. The Fast Fourier transformation was applied to data set B in order to compress each spectrum into 13 Fourier coefficients. For data set A, the linear regression model gave better results followed by the back-propagation network which was followed by the linear network. The true performance of the linear regression model was better than the back-propagation and the linear networks by 14.0% and 18.1%, respectively. For data set B, the back-propagation network gave the best result followed by MLR and the linear network. Both the linear network and MLR models gave almost the same results. The true performance of the back-propagation network model was better than the MLR and linear network by 35.14%.
Rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of an 85,000 Mr protein after phorbol ester stimulation of EL4 thymoma cells

Abstract Early signalling events between protein kinase C (PKC) activation and lymphokine transcription were compared between phorbol ester-sensitive and -resistant EL4 cell lines which do or do not respond with interleukin 2 (IL2) production, respectively. The earliest event detected in the sensitive cell line was a dramatic increase in the tyrosine phosphorylation of an 85,000 Mr protein (p85; 30 s), followed by mobility shifts of raf-1, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, lck and ZAP-70 (within 5 min). In contrast, p85 was not detected in the resistant cell line and lck and raf-1 mobility shifts exhibited delayed kinetics. Both vanadate and okadaic acid blocked the phorbol ester-stimulated p85 tyrosine phosphorylation in the sensitive cell line, suggesting that a phosphatase activity downstream of PKC activation may be required for p85 tyrosine phosphorylation. Characterization of p85 and its regulation should help elucidate some of the earliest events in this PKC pathway.
Invited Review Article: Methods for imaging weak-phase objects in electron microscopy

Contrast has traditionally been produced in electron-microscopy of weak phase objects by simply defocusing the objective lens. There now is renewed interest, however, in using devices that apply a uniform quarter-wave phase shift to the scattered electrons relative to the unscattered beam, or that generate in-focus image contrast in some other way. Renewed activity in making an electron-optical equivalent of the familiar “phase-contrast” light microscope is based in part on the improved possibilities that are now available for device microfabrication. There is also a better understanding that it is important to take full advantage of contrast that can be had at low spatial frequency when imaging large, macromolecular objects. In addition, a number of conceptually new phase-plate designs have been proposed, thus increasing the number of options that are available for development. The advantages, disadvantages, and current status of each of these options is now compared and contrasted. Experimental results that are, indeed, superior to what can be accomplished with defocus-based phase contrast have been obtained recently with two different designs of phase-contrast aperture. Nevertheless, extensive work also has shown that fabrication of such devices is inconsistent, and that their working lifetime is short. The main limitation, in fact, appears to be electrostatic charging of any device that is placed into the electron diffraction pattern. The challenge in fabricating phase plates that are practical to use for routine work in electron microscopy thus may be more in the area of materials science than in the area of electron optics.
American Conservatism 2012: A Historical Perspective

Abstract This essay examines the peculiar history of American political thought to seek a possible explanation for why conservatism in the United States remains a movement without a spokesperson or a platform to which all citizens of this country who describe themselves as conservative can subscribe. The primary cause of these problems appears to be a serious mismatch between the traditional conservative traits of caution and limits and the historic American spirit of dynamic change and boundless optimism.
Persistent pain after hysteroscopic sterilization with microinserts.

Background Hysteroscopic sterilization using tubal microinsert devices is an increasingly common method of contraception. Postprocedure pain is typically minimal and brief, adding to the popularity of this method. This report describes a case of intractable pain after placement of microinserts, ultimately requiring removal of the inserts. Case A 31-year-old gravida 4 para 4 woman underwent an uncomplicated office hysteroscopic tubal occlusion for permanent birth control. Subsequent to the procedure, she had significant bilateral pelvic pain that failed all attempts at conservative management and required removal of the microinserts for pain relief. Conclusion Hysteroscopic placement of tubal microinserts for sterilization may occasionally be associated with intractable pelvic pain requiring removal of the devices.
Internet and E-Commerce Adoption by Agricultural Input Firms

By 1999, most agricultural input firms used company Web sites and adopted some type of Internet strategy. However, far fewer engaged in e-commerce with most activity occurring with suppliers (channel partners) rather than with end customers. Firms perceiving greater logistics and inventory management gains were more engaged in e-commerce activity. The ease of information access, more product choices, easier product comparisons, and improved buying convenience were expected to support farmer e-commerce adoption. However, firm managers indicate that a key to expanding farmers' e-commerce activity is the ability to build personal relationships over the Internet that satisfy farmers' service needs.
Residents' Corner: Pedunculated pigmented basal-cell carcinoma on the buttock of a black man

. A pedunculated pigmented basal-cell carcinoma on the buttock of a black male is presented. Unusual features of this case include an atypical pendunculated appearance, suggesting nevus or neurofibroma, atypical location on a covered area of the body, and occurrence in a low-incidence racial group.
Characterization of mu opioid receptor binding during amygdala kindling in rats and effects of chronic naloxone pretreatment: an autoradiographic study.

Abstract Using in vitro autoradiography, mu receptor binding in rat brain was characterized at different amygdala kindling stages and in amygdaloid kindled animals pretreated chronically with naloxone. Male Sprague-Dawley rats implanted with bipolar electrodes in the right amygdala received one of the following pretreatments s.c. for 14 days via osmotic minipumps: normal saline solution, 0.5 μl/h, or naloxone HC1, 75 μg/h. Two days after treatments were accomplished animals were stimulated daily. Our data showed different patterns of mu receptor binding during the normal kindling process: during stage II–III, pronounced binding increase was detected in cingulate, temporal and entorhinal cortices, anterior amygdala, caudate putamen, thalamic nuclei, ventrolateral and dorsolateral portions of central gray, substantia nigra pars compacta and pars reticulata. Twenty-four hours after the last stage V kindled seizure, enhanced binding was observed in cingulate and frontoparietal cortices, anterior amygdala, caudate putamen and ventromedial thalamic nucleus. Twenty-eight days after the last stage V kindled seizure, binding augmentation was noticed in cingulate and frontoparietal cortices, whereas decreased binding was detected in amygdala complex, substantia nigra pars reticulata, piriform, perirhinal, parietal, temporal and entorhinal cortices. Mu receptor binding in kindled rats chronically pretreated with naloxone was significantly higher in several structures when compared with control and normal kindled groups. Our data indicate different regional selective patterns of mu receptor binding during amygdala kindling which may depend on epileptogenesis and long-term changes induced by this process. In addition, even higher mu receptor binding results from chronic naloxone administration prior to kindling.
Umbilical artery Doppler screening for detection of the small fetus in need of antepartum surveillance

Abstract Objective: Our goal was to test the hypothesis that umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry identifies fetuses who are small for gestational age and in need of antenatal surveillance. Study Design: Three hundred eight fetuses with either an ultrasonographic weight estimate 90th percentile for gestation was considered abnormal. The incidences of a birth weight Results: Only the umbilical artery systolic/diastolic ratio predicted perinatal outcome in the group of fetuses who were presumed to be small for gestational age. Those 138 fetuses with elevated umbilical artery systolic/diastolic ratios had lower umbilical artery and vein pH values at birth (artery, 7.23 ± 0.08 vs 7.25 ± 0.1; P P = .01), an increased likelihood of fetal distress consistent with chronic hypoxemia (26.3% vs 8.6%; P P P Conclusion: Antenatal surveillance may be unnecessary in fetuses with suspected intrauterine growth restriction if the umbilical artery systolic/diastolic ratio and amniotic fluid volume are normal, because the complications that occur are intrapartum. If these findings are confirmed in prospective trials, the cost implication of reducing the number of antenatal surveillance tests administered in this group of patients is great. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:154-8.)
On the Utility of Robust and Resampling Procedures1

Kassab (1990) makes an important methodological contribution by urging the use of robust regression methods in the study of community economic impacts and by indicating the utility of the bootstrap in assessing standard errors in robust regression. By introducing the notion of a contaminating distribution, we reconcile differences between her claim that ordinary least squares (OLS) regression is biased when outliers are present and standard linear model theory that does not make assumptions about the shape of the residual distribution in proving OLS an unbiased estimator. The contaminating distribution provides a framework for rural sociologists to link their statistical assumptions to a substantive understanding of the phenomena being studied. We suggest an alternative regression estimation strategy that may be more robust than the technique she uses. We also discuss an approach to bootstrapping that is more appropriate for macro-level social indicator data than the one she describes. An appendix discusses the software available for implementing these methods.
Public executives: Actualization and conflict approaches

This study represents a test of Maslow's hypotheses that the management styles of self-actualized executives differ from those of less-actualized executives. The sample was drawn from among executives of seven state governments. The correlation of levels of actualization and executive behavior revealed that the more self-actualized executives were more willing to actively lobby for their decisional preferences than to simply accept decisions from superiors.
International Perspective: Basis, Need, and Application of Recommended Dietary Allowances

The RDAs emerged in World War II to thwart existing nutrient deficiencies. The RDAs are estimates of need based on the data available. There has been remarkably little change in RDA values. The ongoing revision of the RDAs will introduce new terminology and attempt to recommend values that not only ensure the prevention of nutrient deficiency but that would thwart the more prevalent chronic degenerative diseases as well and recommend upper safe limits for RDA nutrients. The overall goal is to provide estimates of dietary allowances that are intended to avoid preventable illness, including freedom from outright clinical deficiency of truly essential nutrients.
Extending the information transfer in multidimensional analysis through the use of interactive graphics

The models and methods available to the social scientist are now more numerous and more complex than ever before. One of the most complex family of models presently available is non-metric multidimensional analysis. In multidimensional analysis the investigator seeks a spatial representation of a set of data. Ideally the rank-order of the interpoint distances in the multidimensional space should be identical to the rank order of the variables they represent. The emphasis on non-metric models has been due to a self-conscious attempt by social scientists to accommodate cruder levels of observation in their conceptualization and measurement procedures. The algorithms for multidimensional analysis all use iterative procedures which take some initial spatial representation of the data, assess the degree of fit with a criterion, and then change the configuration of points in ways designed to improve the fit. This iterative process is continued until some arbitrary cutoff is reached.
Control of Cs leachability in cementitious binders

Nuclear waste, including the production of watersoluble radioactive metal atoms, is inevitable from the production of nuclear energy, and presents a great threat to human health and to the environment [1]. Immobilization of radionuclides is usually accomplished, first, by binding the nuclear waste in suitable solid waste forms. Subsequently, these waste forms are stored at a repository site having multiple physical and chemical barriers. During the long period of containment, any contaminant release must be limited to permissible rates. This can be ensured by stabilizing radionuclides in suitable binder phases, and restricting groundwater flow which may transport soluble radioactive species outside of the containment zone. Although cementitious materials have been actively used as binder and diffusion barriers because
Severity of Scleritis and Episcleritis

Purpose: Inflammation of the wall of the eyeball may extend to adjacent ocular tissues with blinding consequences and may be associated with potentially lethal systemic disorders. This study was undertaken to evaluate the ocular complications and systemic disease associations of the different types of scleritis and episcleritis. Methods: Ocular complications and specific disease association were evaluated in 266 patients (358 eyes) with different types of scleritis (diffuse, nodular, necrotizing, scleromalacia perforans, and posterior) and episcleritis (simple and nodular). Results: In patients with scleritis, decrease in vision occurred in 37%, anterior uveitis was present in 42%, peripheral ulcerative keratitis developed in 14%, glaucoma occurred in 13%, cataract formed in 17%, fundus abnormalities appeared in 6%, and specific disease association was uncovered in 57%. These findings were most commonly associated with necrotizing scleritis. In patients with episcleritis, decreased vision occurred in 2%, anterior uveitis was present in 11%, glaucoma developed in 4%, cataract formed in 2%, and specific disease association was uncovered in 32%. These findings were similar in simple and nodular episcleritis. Conclusions: In a patient with scleritis, examination of visual acuity, anterior uvea, cornea, lens, intraocular pressure, and fundus must be performed in every follow-up visit, and a meticulous approach for detection of a specific associated disease must be undertaken since the first visit. Scleritis is more severe than episcleritis, and necrotizing scleritis is the most severe type of scleritis. Classification of scleritis and episcleritis provides valuable prognostic information.
Detonation diffraction in gases

We have experimentally investigated detonation diffraction out of a round tube into an unconfined half-space. The focus of our study is examining how the extent of detonation cellular instability influences the quantitative and qualitative features of diffraction. Detailed quantitative and qualitative measurements were obtained through simultaneous schlieren imaging, multiple-exposure chemiluminescence imaging, and planar laser-induced fluorescence imaging of OH molecules. Two types of stoichiometric mixtures, highly diluted H_2–O_2–Ar and H_2–N_2O, were studied in the sub-critical, critical and super-critical regime. These mixture types represent extreme cases in the classification of cellular instability with highly diluted H_2–O_2–Ar mixtures having very regular instability structures and H_2–N_2O having very irregular instability structures. The most striking differences between the mixtures occur in the sub-critical and critical regimes, for which the detonation fails to transition into the unconfined half-space. For the H_2–O_2–Ar mixture, the velocity on the center line was found to decay significantly slower than for the H_2–N_2O mixture. In case of the H_2–O_2–Ar mixture, it was evident from simultaneous schlieren-fluorescence images that the reaction front was coupled to the lead shock front up to 2.3 tube diameters from the exit plane. For the H_2–N_2O mixture, the reaction front velocity decreased to 60% of the corresponding Chapman–Jouguet value at 1.1 tube diameters from the tube exit plane. A geometric acoustic model showed that the observed differences in failure patterns are not caused by the differences in thermodynamic properties of the two mixtures but is linked to the larger effective activation energy and critical decay time in the H_2–N_2O mixture as compared to the H_2–O_2–Ar mixture. The re-initiation events appear similar for the two mixtures and are a consequence of local fluctuations at random locations within the region between the lead shock and decoupled reaction zone, resulting in strong transverse detonations sweeping through shocked but largely unreacted gas.
Interaction of vorticity with a free surface in turbulent open channel flow

Abstract : The interaction between vorticity and a free surface, modeled as a shear free boundary is studied using a direct numerical simulation of an open channel flow at low Reynolds number. As a result of th shear free nature of the top boundary, only normal vorticity may terminater on it. The vorticity components parallel to the top boundary must go to zero as the boundary is approached. The time averaged fluctuating enstrophy balance equations, which are an indicator of the level of activity of the vorticity field are evaluated. Near the free surface the rate of production and destruction of enstrophy is set by the fluctuating velocity field. The transport of enstrophy by the fluctuating velocity has a minor role. Of the production terms, the three involving the stretching of vorticity along its axis are the most important, and a simple model explaining this is presented.
Comparative evaluation of antiarrhythmic agents.

The clinical drug armamentarium has been markedly expanded in recent years providing the physician with an increasing choice of antiarrhythmic agents to treat the needs of particular patients. Individually guided therapy is still the hallmark in the use of anti-arrhythmic drugs, particularly with the wide variability of efficacy and toxicity and differing mechanisms of pharmacoelectrophysiological actions. The newest of the class I anti-arrhythmic agents, the so-called: ‘cainides’ (Ic) appear to be particularly useful in testing, the hypothesis that stabilisation of electrical instability may be an important goal if the high rate of sudden cardiac death is to be prevented. From the new tools available to the investigator (electrophysiological and Hotter models, and many new antiarrhythmic agents), new approaches to the prevention of sudden death will emerge (Horowitz and Morganroth, 1982).
Investigation of terpinolene + ozone or terpinolene + nitrate radical reaction products using denuder/filter apparatus

Terpinolene's (1-methyl-4-(propan-2-ylidene)cyclohexene) reaction with ozone or the nitrate radical was investigated using a denuder/filter apparatus in order to characterize gas-phase and particulate reaction products. Identification of the reaction products (i.e., aldehydes, ketones, dicarbonyls and carboxylic acids) was made using two derivatization methods; O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine (PFBHA) to derivatize the carbonyl products or 3-Ethyl-1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and 2,2,2-trifluoroethylamine hydrochloride (TFEA) to derivatize the carboxylic acid products. Proposed carbonyl products for ozonolysis of terpinolene are: 4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-one, 2-hydroxy-4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-one, glyoxal, methyl glyoxal, 3-oxobutanal, and 6-oxo-3-(propan-2-ylidene)heptanal. Proposed carbonyl products for nitrate radical reaction of terpinolene are: 2-hydroxy-4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-one, glyoxal, methyl glyoxal, and 4-oxopentanal. No carboxylic acid products were detected with either oxidizing reactant.
Organization of chimeras between filamentous bacteriophage f1 and plasmid pSC101.

Two recombinants formed in vivo between the filamentous phage f1 and the tetracycline-resistance-conferring plasmid pSC101 are capable of transducing sensitive cells to Tetr. These chimeric filamentous phage, VO-1 and VO-2, were previously shown to contain the entire f1 and pSC101 genomes (Vovis et al., 1977; Ohsumi et al., 1978). The genomes of VO-1 and VO-2 are unstable in vivo; VO-1 breaks down to yield a molecule similar to pSC101 and an f1-like species, f1′. f1′ was previously shown to differ from f1 by the presence of 209 additional nucleotides inserted in the carboxy-terminal portion of gene IV (Ravetch et al., 1979). We have found by hybridization analysis and direct DNA sequencing that this 209-nucleotide segment is present in one copy in pSC101, and that it has properties similar to known transposable elements. Therefore, we have called this sequence IS101. We have characterized the structures of both VO-1 and VO-2 in greater detail by restriction mapping and DNA sequence analysis. Both chimeras contain two copies of IS101, which are present as direct repeats and form the junctions between the f1 and pSC101 genomes. The IS101 elements in VO-1 and VO-2 are flanked by a five-base direct repeat of f1 sequence that is not repeated in wild-type f1. The junction between f1 and pSC101 in VO-1 is located at the same point as the IS101 element in f1′, while in VO-2 the junction between the two genomes is at a point in f1 located between the promoter and ribosome binding site for gene VIII. The pSC101-like molecules derived from the breakdown of VO-1 in vivo are identical to the original pSC101 in the region of IS101. The IS101 elements in the original and derived pSC101 plasmids are not flanked by any repeated sequence. Attempts to regenerate VO-1 from f1′ and pSC101, both of which contain one IS101 element, indicate that the breakdown of VO-1 is irreversible. These results are discussed in terms of current models for transposition, which postulate structures similar to VO-1 and VO-2 as intermediates in transposition.
Lift-off Methods for MEMS Devices

Five different methods were explored for the formation of the lift-off mold. In the first method, a tri-level resist scheme was used to generate a lift-off mold. The lift-off mold has a vertical wall slope. In the second method, an aluminum/photoresist double layer was used as the mold material. An overhang structure is obtained by undercutting the underlying aluminum layer. In the third method, a composite layer of two different photoresists (AZ 1811 and LOR 10A) was used to form the lift-off mold. With the fast dissolution rate of the underlying LOR 10A photoresist an overhanging mask structure was obtained. Since regular photoresists were used as part of the mold material in these three lift-off methods, they are suitable for thin film materials with thickness of ≤2 µm and processing temperatures ≤100°C. For thicker device film materials and higher processing temperature (~200°C), methods 4 and 5 using negative resists, Futurrex NR7-3000PY (~3 µm) and SU-8 (~50 µm), respectively, were experimented with to form the lift-off mask. The fabrication processes used in these two methods were relatively simple and a negative wall slope was readily obtained. While Futurrex photoresist is easily stripped by the resist remover provided by the manufacturer, there is no effective chemical solution available for the removal of SU-8. We found that plasma etching with a mixture of O2 and C2F6 can be used for the removal of SU-8.
Inhibitory Cross-talk between STAT5b and Liver Nuclear Factor HNF3β IMPACT ON THE REGULATION OF GROWTH HORMONE PULSE-STIMULATED, MALE-SPECIFIC LIVER CYTOCHROME P-450 GENE EXPRESSION

Abstract STAT5b is repeatedly activated in rodent liver by the male pattern of intermittent plasma growth hormone (GH) stimulation and is required to maintain the GH pulse-regulated, male-specific pattern of liver gene expression. We presently investigate the interactions between STAT5b and hepatocyte-enriched nuclear factors (HNFs) that contribute to regulation of GH pulse-inducible, male-specific liver cytochrome P-450 (CYP) genes. STAT5 binding sites were identified in the 5′-flank of the adult male-expressed genesCYP2A2 (nucleotides −2255 to −2247), CYP4A2(nucleotides −1872 to −1864), and CYP2C11 (nucleotides −1150 to −1142). STAT5-DNA complexes were formed by eachCYP sequence with nuclear extract from GH pulse-activated male, but not female, rat liver. TheCYP2C11 STAT5 site, which is flanked by HNF3 consensus sequences, conferred STAT5b-inducible reporter gene activity in GH-treated HepG2 cells. trans-Activation of the intactCYP2C11 promoter (1.8-kilobase 5′-flank) was strongly induced by the liver nuclear factors HNF1α and HNF3β but, unexpectedly, was inhibited by GH-activated STAT5b. This STAT5b inhibitory effect could be reversed by HNF1α and reflects a functional antagonism between STAT5b and HNF3β, as evidenced by the inhibition of HNF3β DNA binding and transcriptional activity by STAT5b. HNF3β, in turn, inhibited STAT5b by a novel mechanism that leads to suppression of GH-inducible STAT5b tyrosine phosphorylation, DNA binding activity, and transcriptional activity. The potential for GH-activated STAT5b to stimulate male-specific liver CYPexpression can thus be modulated by HNF3β, highlighting the complex interrelationship between STAT5b and liver transcription factors controlling expression of GH-regulated CYPgenes.
An improved numerical algorithm for ternary diffusion with a moving interface

Abstract An improved method for numerical solution of the ternary diffusion equations with a moving interface is presented. The algorithm is based on a modified form of the jump boundary condition which gives improved accuracy and stabilization of the initial growth period without the need for a short time approximation. Calculations are presented to illustrate application to the quench step of the phase inversion process for membrane formation. Accuracy is demonstrated through comparison with analytical solutions for the case of constant diffusivity and infinite domains. The new algorithm is demonstrated to be relatively insensitive to initial guesses of the interfacial composition and is especially applicable to systems having an initial composition profile.
Monte Carlo Bayesian identification using STR profiles

Abstract The method demonstrated here enables an investigator to analyse individual culprits' STR profiles quickly without depending on “reference groups”, to estimate group substructure as a composite of local substructures, and to estimate the minimum profile needed for a specific case.
Frequency-centric resonant rotary clock distribution network design

A frequency-centric methodology is proposed for the selection of the physical parameters of the resonant rotary clock for a target frequency. This proposed methodology is performed once for each target frequency on a semiconductor technology, in order to create a cell library of resonant rotary clock design components. A case study is performed to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methodology in accuracy and run-time. Simulation results show that the frequency-centric design provides a good approximation for the resonant clock distribution network. At target frequencies between 4GHz and 6GHz, the frequency difference is less than 0.20% and the run-time is reduced by approximately 70% compared to the traditional HSPICE simulation of an entire SROA network without the proposed simplifications for run-time improvement.
From simple graphs to the connectome: networks in neuroimaging

Connectivity is fundamental for understanding the nature of brain function. The intricate web of synaptic connections among neurons is critically important for shaping neural responses, representing statistical features of the sensory environment, coordinating distributed resources for brain-wide processing, and retaining a structural record of the past in order to anticipate future events and infer their relations. The importance of brain connectivity naturally leads to the adoption of the theoretical framework of networks and graphs. Network science approaches have been productively deployed in other domains of science and technology and are now beginning to make contributions across many areas of neuroscience. This article offers a personal perspective on the confluence of networks and neuroimaging, charting the origins of some of its major intellectual themes.
Model referenced method of evoked potential analysis

We have described a method for identifying component wave forms of evoked potentials by reference to a model of the dynamic behavior of neuronal systems. The method parsimoniously reproduces measured data and provides a means for utilizing a priori information from sets of experimental data to discriminate between experimental variables. The method appears successful in quantifying the physiologic variability in the amplitude, shape and latency of EP component wave forms.
Influence of shear on the alignment of a lamellae-forming pentablock copolymer

We characterize shear-induced states of order and disorder in a symmetric lamellae forming poly(cyclohexylethylene) (C)−polyethylene (E) CECEC pentablock copolymer. When subjected to a large amplitude reciprocating shear strain (γ = ±600%) in the ordered lamellae state, the sample rapidly aligns in a perpendicular orientation with long-range order. The order−disorder transition temperature TODT(γ) decreases with increasing shear rate γ, such that a shear rate of γ = 7 ± 1 s-1 is sufficient to disorder the material nearly 30 °C below the quiescent TODT. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) from the sheared disordered state displays a symmetry that suggests a fundamentally different influence of shear compared to earlier observations of shear-induced anisotropy in the disordered states of lamellae forming diblock and triblock copolymers. Abrupt cessation of shear leads to spontaneous lamellar ordering into a macroscopically well-aligned transverse orientationan arrangement that previously has been inacc...
The RB tumor suppressor: a gatekeeper to hormone independence in prostate cancer?

The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene (RB1; encoding RB) is often cited as a gatekeeper, whose inactivation — direct or indirect — is a rate-limiting step for tumor initiation. However, in this issue of the JCI, Sharma et al. show that RB1 loss is a late event in human prostate cancer that is coincident with the emergence of castrate-resistant metastatic disease. This role for RB1 was linked to both E2F transcription factor 1–driven upregulation of the androgen receptor (AR) and increased recruitment of the AR to target gene promoters. This unexpected function for RB1 in late-stage cancer calls upon us to reassess the significance of RB1 inactivation in other cancers in terms of its timing, function in disease etiology, and relevance for cancer therapy.
Micellar electrokinetic chromatography method for measuring amino acid secretions from islets of Langerhans.

Islets of Langerhans are responsible for maintaining glucose homeostasis through regulated secretion of hormones and other factors. It is hypothesized that amino acids secreted from islets play a critical role in cell functionality and viability. For example, glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) have been proposed to work as paracrine signaling molecules within islets to coordinate the release of hormone secretion; other amino acids, such as glutamine, leucine, alanine, and arginine have been shown to stimulate or potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. To characterize the potential roles that these small molecules may play in islet physiology, derivatization of amino acids in high salt buffers commonly used in islet experiments with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde and MEKC separation conditions were optimized. The optimized conditions used D-Norvaline as the internal standard and allowed quantification of 14 amino acids with LODs ranging from 0.2 – 7 nM. The RSD of the migration times were 0.04 – 0.54% and the RSD of the peak areas were 0.2 – 5.8% for the various amino acids. The effects of glucose and 2,4-dinitrophenol on amino acid secretions from islets were tested and a suppressive effect of glucose on GABA release was observed, likely acting through ATP inactivation of glutamate decarboxylase.
Nonlinear optical spectroscopy of single, few, and many molecules; nonequilibrium Green's function QED approach.

Nonlinear optical signals from an assembly of $N$ noninteracting particles consist of an incoherent and a coherent component, whose magnitudes scale $\ensuremath{\sim}N$ and $\ensuremath{\sim}N(N\ensuremath{-}1)$, respectively. A unified microscopic description of both types of signals is developed using a quantum electrodynamical (QED) treatment of the optical fields. Closed nonequilibrium Green's function expressions are derived that incorporate both stimulated and spontaneous processes. General $(n+1)$-wave mixing experiments are discussed as an example of spontaneously generated signals. When performed on a single particle, such signals cannot be expressed in terms of the $n$th order polarization, as predicted by the semiclassical theory. Stimulated processes are shown to be purely incoherent in nature. Within the QED framework, heterodyne-detected wave mixing signals are simply viewed as incoherent stimulated emission, whereas homodyne signals are generated by coherent spontaneous emission.
Managing cultural diversity: implications for organizational competitiveness

Executive Overview The recent business trends of globalization and increasing ethnic and gender diversity are turning managers' attention to the management of cultural differences. The management literature has suggested that organizations should value diversity to enhance organizational effectiveness. However, the specific link between managing diversity and organizational competitiveness is rarely made explicit and no article has reviewed actual research data supporting such a link. This article reviews arguments and research data on how managing diversity can create a competitive advantage. We address cost, attraction of human resources, marketing success, creativity and innovation, problem-solving quality, and organizational flexibility as six dimensions of business performance directly impacted by the management of cultural diversity. We then offer suggestions for improving organizational capability to manage this diversity.