cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adult stem cell therapy in perspective.

Ventricular remodeling and ultimately heart failure are the inexorable consequences of substantial myocardial infarction. In recent years, the understanding that regenerative processes exist at the level of the myocardium has placed stem cell research at center stage in cardiology. Through cellular therapies, the concept of “growing” heart muscle and vascular tissue and manipulating the myocardial cellular environment has revolutionized the approach to treating heart disease. Unfortunately, however, the vast field of possibilities opened by stem cell therapy has frequently given rise to more questions than answers. A few of these questions include: Which patients with cardiovascular diseases should be considered for stem cell therapy? Which type of stem cell(s) should be used? What quantity and concentration of cells should be administered? By what mechanisms do stem cells engraft, survive, and differentiate? Is the functional and morphological cardiac improvement achieved actively (ie, by increasing contractility) or passively (ie, by limiting infarct expansion and remodeling)? What is the lifespan of transplanted stem cells in the heart? How safe is this therapy, and is there potential tumorigenesis of stem cells? What might be the potential benefits of cell transplantation in nonischemic heart failure? In this report, we wish to review available information about cardiovascular stem cell therapy, share our early experience in this new field, and speculate about future directions. Although embryonic stem cells have been shown to have greater potency for proliferation and differentiation than adult stem cells, their lack of availability and ethical issues hamper clinical applications. This report will, therefore, focus on the therapeutic applications of adult stem cells. The diverse literature on stem cell research comprises the work of basic and clinical scientists from many different subspecialties. This may account for the heterogeneous mixture of models, methods, types, quantity, and nature of the cells employed and the timing of …
The influence of swirl and confinement on the stability of counterflowing streams

A linear stability analysis of laterally confined swirling flow is given, of the type described by Long’s equation in the inviscid limit or by the von Kdrmdn similarity equations in the absence of lateral confinement. The flow of interest involves identical counterflowing fluid streams injected with equal velocity W, through opposing porous disks, rotating with angular velocities SZ and 552, respectively, about a common normal axis. By means of mass transfer experiments on an aqueous system of this type we have detected an apparent hydrodynamic instability having the appearance of an inviscid supercritical bifurcation at a certain (521 > 0. As an attempt to elucidate this phenomenon, linear stability analyses are performed on several idealized flows, by means of a numerical Galerkin technique. An analysis of high-Reynolds-number similarity flow predicts oscillatory instability for all non-zero Q. The spatial structure of the most unstable modes suggests that finite container geometry, as represented by the confining cylindrical sidewalls, may have a strong influence on flow stability. This is borne out by an inviscid stability analysis of a confined flow described by Long’s equation. This analysis suggests a novel bifurcation of the inviscid variety, which serves qualitatively to explain the results of our mass transfer experiments.
Massive Loss of Mid- and Hindbrain Neurons during Embryonic Development of Homozygous Lurcher Mice

The mouse neurological mutant lurcher ( Lc ) results from a semidominant mutation. Heterozygous Lc /+ mice are viable but ataxic because Lc /+ Purkinje cells die by apoptosis within the first 3 weeks of life. Lc / Lc mice die shortly after birth. To aid in understanding the function of the lurcher gene product, we have examined the embryonic development of homozygous lurcher animals. The ratio of +/+: Lc /+: Lc / Lc animals did not deviate significantly from the expected 1:2:1. Homozygous lurcher mice at P0 were found to be normal under gross morphological examination. However, these mice weighed less, lacked milk in their stomach, and died within the first day of life. No resorbed embryos were found at embryonic day (E) 17.5, indicating that all homozygous lurchers survived until birth. Histological examination of P0 animals revealed that in homozygous lurcher mice the patterning of the brain is normal but that there has been a massive loss of hindbrain neurons during embryonic development. A particularly conspicuous consequence of the Lc / Lc genotype at birth is the complete absence of large neurons comprising the trigeminal motor nucleus. These neurons arise normally and are maintained until E15.5. However, beginning at E15.5 large numbers of pyknotic cells are evident in the trigeminal motor nucleus, suggesting that these cells die coincident with their terminal differentiation in the developing hindbrain. Because the trigeminal motor nucleus controls muscles required for suckling, these results suggest an explanation for the neonatal death of homozygous Lc animals. These data demonstrate that the severe and dose-dependent developmental consequences of lurcher gene action result from degeneration of distinct neuronal populations on maturation in the developing CNS.
Traditional Cleavages or a New World: Does Online Social Networking Bridge the Political Participation Divide?

There is a growing literature that examines the effects of the Internet on political participation. We seek to contribute to this literature by exploring how online social networking may stimulate online political participation. Using survey data from the Pew Internet & American Life Project, we confirm a strong positive relationship and show that this effect is driven by the level of political exchange within networks. Further, we explore the potential for the Internet to dissipate traditional cleavages in participation that tend to mirror the inequalities in the availability and use of technology. The findings suggest that while many of the “have-nots” do engage in online networking at higher rates than their counterparts, they are less likely to be exposed to political exchanges within their networks. As a result, the effect of online networking on participation is more pronounced for the “haves.” We discuss the implications of these findings.
Developing Lifestyle Medicine Tools From Psychological Theories

Health behavior modification is perhaps the single most important and fundamental concept in lifestyle medicine. Understanding the psychological theories that explain “why” people act as they do when initiating a health behavior change can be the key factor in determining program success or program failure. Application of these theories into clinical practice is both important and challenging. Presented in this article are examples of practical applications that one lifestyle medicine program has made with the psychological theories of the health belief model, the social cognitive theory, and the transtheoretical model.
On the resolvability of sinusoids with nearby frequencies in the presence of noise

This correspondence develops statistical algorithms and performance limits for resolving sinusoids with nearby frequencies in the presence of noise. We address the problem of distinguishing whether the received signal is a single-frequency sinusoid or a double-frequency sinusoid, with possibly unequal, and unknown, amplitudes and phases. We derive a locally optimal detection strategy that can be applied in a standalone fashion or as a refinement step for existing spectral estimation methods to yield improved performance. We further derive explicit relationships between the minimum detectable difference between the frequencies of two tones for any particular false alarm and detection rate and at a given SNR.
X-Linked Variation in Immune Response in Drosophila melanogaster

This study quantifies the effects of naturally occurring X-linked variation on immune response in Drosophila melanogaster to assess associations between immunity genotypes and innate immune response. We constructed a set of 168 X-chromosomal extraction lines, incorporating X chromosomes from a natural population into co-isogenic autosomal backgrounds, and genotyped the lines at 88 SNPs in 20 X-linked immune genes. We find that genetic variation in many of the genes is associated with immune response phenotypes, including bacterial load and immune gene expression. Many of the associations act in a sex-specific or sexually antagonistic manner, supporting the theory that with the selective pressures facing genes on the X chromosome, sexually antagonistic variation may be more easily maintained.
It's all relative: Understanding the retirement prospects of baby-boomers

The aim of this paper is to compare baby boomer retirees with previous generations on their overall level, distribution, and composition of family income and on the adequacy of this income in maintaining their economic well-being in retirement. To do this analysis we use projections of retirement income from the Social Security Administration's Modeling of Income in the Near Term (MINT) data system.In absolute terms, measured by real per capita income and poverty rates, we find that baby boomers will be better off than current retirees. In relative terms, however, many baby boomers will be worse off than current retirees. First, MINT predicts changes over time in the relative ranking of important subgroups within specific cohorts, with some subgroups experiencing substantial gains in real per capita income and other subgroups experiencing little gain over time. Second, while both pre- and post-retirement incomes are rising, post-retirement incomes do not rise as much as pre-retirement incomes. Consequently, baby boomers are less likely than current retirees to have enough post-retirement income to maintain their preretirement living standards. These findings hold up to various definitions of family income and replacement rates.
A power management technology for mobile embedded system

In the era of mobile electronic devices, electric power consumption of such devices has become a major specification index, and battery endurance is a critical factor for their practicability. Mobile electronic devices have to fully utilize power management technology to maximize power efficiency out of limited resource. This paper introduces a portable power supply module, the “miniPAC Portable Power Module”, developed by ITRI, which is a system consists of voltage management ICs and is capable of providing multiple voltages and battery charging. An application scenario on the PAC Duo multimedia platform is introduced as an example to probe into the transformation efficiency of this power module. The experimental result shows that this module is of an efficiency of over 88%.
Modified MyPyramid for Older Adults

In 1999 we proposed a Modified Food Guide Pyramid for adults aged 70+ y. It has been extensively used in a variety of settings and formats to highlight the unique dietary challenges of older adults. We now propose a Modified MyPyramid for Older Adults in a format consistent with the MyPyramid graphic. It is not intended to substitute for MyPyramid, which is a multifunctional Internet-based program allowing for the calculation of individualized food-based dietary guidance and providing supplemental information on food choices and preparation. Pedagogic issues related to computer availability, Web access, and Internet literacy of older adults suggests a graphic version of MyPyramid is needed. Emphasized are whole grains and variety within the grains group; variety and nutrient density, with specific emphasis on different forms particularly suited to older adults' needs (e.g. frozen) in the vegetables and fruits groups; low-fat and non-fat forms of dairy products including reduced lactose alternatives in the milk group; low saturated fat and trans fat choices in the oils group; and low saturated fat and vegetable choices in the meat and beans group. Underlying themes stress nutrient- and fiber-rich foods within each group and food sources of nutrients rather than supplements. Fluid and physical activity icons serve as the foundation of MyPyramid for Older Adults. A flag to maintain an awareness of the potential need to consider supplemental forms of calcium, and vitamins D and B-12 is placed at the top of the pyramid. Discussed are newer concerns about potential overnutrition in the current food landscape available to older adults.
Transcendental Schematism and The Problem of the Synthetic A Priori

Summary The paper is concerned with the connection between Kant's conception of transcendental schematism and his analysis of the conditions of the possibility of synthetic a priori judgments. After dealing with some of the standard objections to Kant's theory, I argue that transcendental schemata must be construed as pure intuitions. I then point out that the Principles of Pure Understanding are a set of synthetic a priori judgments which assert the function of the various schemata as necessary conditions of the possibility of experience, and that each of these judgments involves the relation of a pure concept to pure intuition (as is required by Kant's theory of synthetic a priori). Finally, I argue that the connection between a category and its schema must itself be both synthetic and a priori. It therefore requires a “deduction”, which Kant himself does not provide, but which I endeavor, in part, to provide for him. Resume Cet article etudie la connexion entre la conception kantienne du schematisme transcendental et son analyse des conditions de possibilitye de jugements synthetiques a priori. Apres avoir repondu a certaines des objections habituellement faites a la theorie de Kant, je montre que les schemas transcendentaux doivent etre interpretes comme des intuitions pures. Je releve ensuite que les principes de l'entendement pur sont tin ensemble de jugements synthetiques a priori qui assignent aux divers schemas la fonction de conditions necessaires a la possibilitye de l'experience, et que chacun de ces jugements impliquc la relation d'un concept pur a une intuition pure (commc le reclame la theorie kantienne du synthetique a priori). Finalement, je montre que la connexion entre une categorie et son schema doit etre elle-meme a la fois synthetique et a priori. Elle exige done une «deduction», que Kant Iui-meme n'a pas fournie, mais que je me propose d'esquisser a sa place. Zusammenfassung Diese Arbeit betrifft die Verbindung zwischen Kants Auffassung des Schematismus' und seiner Analyse der Bedingungen fur die Moglichkeit von synthetischen Urteilen a priori. Nach der Behandlung einiger bekannter Einwande gegen Kants Theorie argumentiere ich, dass transzen-dentale Schemata als reine Anschauungen konstruiert werden mussen. Ich zeige dann, dass die Prinzipien des reinen Verslandes etne Menge von synthetischen Urteilen a priori darstellen, die die Funktion der verschiedenen Schemata als notwendige Bedingungen fur die Moglichkeit von Er-fahrung festlegen und dass jedes einzelne dieser Urteile die Relation eines reinen Begriffs zur reinen Anschauung betrifft (wie Kants Theorie des Synthetischen a priori das verlangt). Schliesslich argumentiere ich, dase die VerknSuUpfung zwischen einer Kategorieund deren Schema selbst so-who! Synthetisch als auch a priori sein muss. Sie macht deshalb eine «Deduction» erforderlich, die kant selbt zwar nicht liefert, die ich aber an seiner stele zu geben versuche.
The Primary Mental Health Project: Thirty Years After

Summary This article summarizes the 30‐year history of the Primary Mental Health Project (PMHP), a school‐based program for early detection and prevention of young children's school adjustment problems. The article first describes PMHP's rationale and basic practices, gives examples of how the project has grown and evolved over the years, and summarizes some of its important research findings. The report also reviews several more recent PMHP emphases including its systematic work in program dissemination and its active efforts to develop effective primary prevention program modules. PMHP's approach offers a bona fide alternative to mental health's established, after the fact, restorative ways.
Classification of speech under stress using target driven features

Abstract Speech production variations due to perceptually induced stress contribute significantly to reduced speech processing performance. One approach for assessment of production variations due to stress is to formulate an objective classification of speaker stress based upon the acoustic speech signal. This study proposes an algorithm for estimation of the probability of perceptually induced stress. It is suggested that the resulting stress score could be integrated into robust speech processing algorithms to improve robustness in adverse conditions. First, results from a previous stress classification study are employed to motivate selection of a targeted set of speech features on a per phoneme and stress group level. Analysis of articulatory, excitation and cepstral based features is conducted using a previously established stressed speech database (Speech Under Simulated and Actual Stress (SUSAS)). Stress sensitive targeted feature sets are then selected across ten stress conditions (including Apache helicopter cockpit, Angry, Clear, Lombard effect. Loud, etc.) and incorporated into a new targeted neural network stress classifier. Second, the targeted feature stress classification system is then evaluated and shown to achieve closed speaker, open token classification rates of 91.0%. Finally, the proposed stress classification algorithm is incorporated into a stress directed speech recognition system, where separate hidden Markov model recognizers are trained for each stress condition. An improvement of +10.1% and +15.4% over conventionally trained neutral and multi-style trained recognizers is demonstrated using the new stress directed recognition approach.
Effects of Essential Oils on Methane Production and Fermentation by, and Abundance and Diversity of, Rumen Microbial Populations

Five essential oils (EOs), namely, clove oil (CLO), eucalyptus oil (EUO), garlic oil (GAO), origanum oil (ORO), and peppermint oil (PEO), were tested in vitro at 3 different doses (0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 g/liter) for their effect on methane production, fermentation, and select groups of ruminal microbes, including total bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria, archaea, and protozoa. All the EOs significantly reduced methane production with increasing doses, with reductions by 34.4%, 17.6%, 42.3%, 87%, and 25.7% for CLO, EUO, GAO, ORO, and PEO, respectively, at 1.0 g/liter compared with the control. However, apparent degradability of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber also decreased linearly with increasing doses by all EOs except GAO. The concentrations of total volatile fatty acids were not affected by GAO, EUO, or PEO but altered linearly and quadratically by CLO and ORO, respectively. All the EOs also differed in altering the molar proportions of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. As determined by quantitative real-time PCR, all the EOs decreased the abundance of archaea, protozoa, and major cellulolytic bacteria (i.e., Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and R. albus) linearly with increasing EO doses. On the basis of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis, different EOs changed the composition of both archaeal and bacterial communities to different extents. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') was reduced for archaea by all EOs in a dose-dependent manner but increased for bacteria at low and medium doses (0.25 and 0.50 g/liter) for all EOs except ORO. Due to the adverse effects on feed digestion and fermentation at high doses, a single EO may not effectively and practically mitigate methane emission from ruminants unless used at low doses in combinations with other antimethanogenic compounds.
Instance variant nearest neighbor using particle swarm optimization for function approximation

An approach to the function approximation problem using IVNN is presented.IVNN to apply less neighbors for noisy data and more neighbors for non-noisy data.IVNN solved by a PSO such that the prediction performance is maximized.IVNN requires no model/distribution assumption for variant numbers of neighbors.The prediction performance compared to conventional algorithms. In this paper, a new approach called 'instance variant nearest neighbor' approximates a regression surface of a function using the concept of k nearest neighbor. Instead of fixed k neighbors for the entire dataset, our assumption is that there are optimal k neighbors for each data instance that best approximates the original function by fitting the local regions. This approach can be beneficial to noisy datasets where local regions form data characteristics that are different from the major data clusters. We formulate the problem of finding such k neighbors for each data instance as a combinatorial optimization problem, which is solved by a particle swarm optimization. The particle swarm optimization is extended with a rounding scheme that rounds up or down continuous-valued candidate solutions to integers, a number of k neighbors. We apply our new approach to five real-world regression datasets and compare its prediction performance with other function approximation algorithms, including the standard k nearest neighbor, multi-layer perceptron, and support vector regression. We observed that the instance variant nearest neighbor outperforms these algorithms in several datasets. In addition, our new approach provides consistent outputs with five datasets where other algorithms perform poorly.
A Primitive Solution to the Negation Problem

It has recently been alleged that expressivism cannot account for the obvious fact that normative sentences and their negations express inconsistent kinds of attitudes. I explain how the expressivist can respond to this objection. I offer an account of attitudinal inconsistency that takes it to be a combination of descriptive and normative relations. The account I offer to explain these relations relies on a combination of functionalism about normative judgments and expressivism about the norms governing them. It holds that the inconsistency of normative judgments is primitive. One potential problem for this view is that the large number of normative primitives that the expressivist will allegedly need to accept will render the view grossly unparsimonious. In defending this thesis, I suggest that it is a mistake to hold the lack of normative parsimony of expressivism against its core psychological claims.
Belonging and Otherness in the Costa Rican Polity

Costa Rica is home to two racial-ethnic minority groups that are of similar population size and geographic location, and who experience similar exclusion from the national imaginary. Yet as is true for the rest of Latin America, indigenous mobilization far outstrips black mobilization, both in terms of frequency and success. Explanations of this general discrepancy in patterns of ethnic mobilization in Latin America argue that blacks and the indigenous are racialized in different ways, with the latter understood as having a distinct cultural identity and the former understood as integrated, making the ability to mobilize or win collective rights more compatible with broadly understood forms of indigenous identity. I argue that distinct racialization patterns are important to understanding variation in ethnic mobilization, but not because of differences in cultural distinction. Rather origins and geography explain these distinct mobilization patterns, as well as why blacks perform dramatically better on every major social and economic indicator, thus lessening the need for black mobilization outside of traditional political channels.
A locally adaptive time stepping algorithm for the solution to reaction diffusion equations on branched structures

In this paper, we present a numerical method for solving reaction-diffusion equations on one dimensional branched structures. Through the use of a simple domain decomposition scheme, the many branches are decoupled so that the equations can be solved as a system of smaller problems that are tri-diagonal. This technique allows for locally adaptive time stepping, in which the time step used in each branch is determined by local activity. Though the method is presented in the specific context of electrical activity in neural systems, it is sufficiently general that it can be applied to other classes of reaction-diffusion problems and higher dimensions. Information in neurons, which can be effectively modeled as one-dimensional branched structures, is carried in the form of electrical impulses called action potentials. The model equations, based on the Hodgkin-Huxley cable equations, are a set of reaction equations coupled to a single diffusion process. Locally adaptive time stepping schemes are well suited to neural simulations due to the spatial localization of activity. The algorithm significantly reduces the computational cost compared to existing methods, especially for large scale simulations.
Effects of a dramamine-analgesic-caffeine combination on moods, emotions, and motivations.

(1967). Effects of a Dramamine-Analgesic-Caffeine Combination on Moods, Emotions, and Motivations. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 67, No. 2, pp. 263-270.
Numerical Solution of Multidimensional Hyperbolic PDEs Using Defect Correction on Adaptive Grids

We propose a novel computational approach to obtain high order accurate, finite difference based numerical solutions of hyperbolic partial differential equations, through a combination of grid adaptation, non-iterative defect correction and monotonicity preserving interpolation methods. Reduction of local truncation error is achieved primarily due to a particular choice of an adaptive, non-uniform grid where the local Courant---Friedrich---Levy number is unity, along with non-iterative defect correction. A monotonicity preserving interpolant is further used to map the dependent variables from the non-uniform to uniform grids and vice versa. Dimensional splitting techniques are used to extend the range of application of this method from single to multiple dimensions. Using the monotonicity preserving feature of this interpolant, finite difference schemes with high order of accuracy are developed for solving multidimensional, hyperbolic PDEs. In this work, for the proof of concept, five canonical problems including Liouville equations (in one and two dimensions) with spatially dependent drift coefficients and one-dimensional Burgers equation as well as a two-dimensional nonlinear hyperbolic equation are solved. The results demonstrate four major features of the proposed methodology including: (1) the capability to improve the order of accuracy of difference schemes up to any desired level, (2) the ability to obtain the given level of accuracy at a lower computational cost (or time) when compared to some widely used standard finite difference schemes (3) accurate oscillation-free resolution of discontinuities and (4) the computational simplicity for application to multidimensional problems.
Performance of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Follow-up in Nanchong,2005-2008

Objective To investigate the performance of the follow up to the pulmonary tuberculosis(TB) patients reported by non-anti TB agencies in Nanchong from 2005 to 2008,and provide scientific evidence to improve the performance of pulmonary TB patients follow up and Tb prevention and control.Methods The related data in Nanchong from 2005-2008 were collected from national TB control monthly reporting form and quarterly reporting from and analyzed.Results From 2005 to 2008,the follow up rate of TB patients by anti TB agencies in Nanchong was 91.83%,92.09%,88.63%,93.29%,respectively,the success rate was 40.26%,75.85%,80.75%,65.89% respectively.Conclusions The overall follow up rate and success rate increased from 2005 to 2008,but the follow up rate was higher than the success rate,which indicated that it is necessary to improve the follow up of pulmonary TB patients for the early detection of TB patients and mitigation of TB epidemic in Nanchong.
The number and location of genes for 5S ribonucleic acid within the genome of Drosophila melanogaster.

DNA was prepared from wild-type and two mutant stocks of Drosophila melanogaster that differed in their dosage of the nucleolar organizer region. The relative amounts of DNA from the nucleolar organizer region in these preparations of DNA were determined by hybridization with 3H-labelled 28S rRNA. As expected, the amount of 3H-labelled 28S rRNA that hybridized was directly related to the dosage of nucleolar organizer region. No positive correlation was observed between the amount of 3H-labelled 5S RNA that hybridized and the dosage of nucleolar organizer region. Thus genes for 5S RNA are located primarily, if not exclusively, outside the nucleolar organizer region. The haploid genome of the wild-type D. melanogaster used in this work has 106 genes for 28S rRNA and 96–105 genes for 5S RNA.
Inequitable Chronic Lead Exposure: A Dual Legacy of Social and Environmental Injustice

Both historic and contemporary factors contribute to the current unequal distribution of lead in urban environments and the disproportionate impact lead exposure has on the health and well-being of low-income minority communities. We consider the enduring impact of lead through the lens of environmental justice, taking into account well-documented geographic concentrations of lead, legacy sources that produce chronic exposures, and intergenerational transfers of risk. We discuss the most promising type of public health action to address inequitable lead exposure and uptake: primordial prevention efforts that address the most fundamental causes of diseases by intervening in structural and systemic inequalities.
Calcium and Transmitter Release Modulation by Adenosine Derivatives

The currently accepted scheme of evoked transmitter secretion may be summarized as follows (for recent reviews, see [44,46]):
Dynamic decentralized voltage control for power distribution networks

Voltage regulation in power distribution networks has been increasingly challenged by the integration of volatile and intermittent distributed energy resources (DERs). These resources can also provide limited reactive power support that can be used to optimize the network-wide voltage. A decentralized voltage control scheme based on the gradient-projection (GP) method is adopted to minimize a voltage mismatch error objective under limited reactive power. Coupled with the power network flow, the local voltage directly provides the instantaneous gradient information. This paper aims to quantify the performance of this decentralized GP-based voltage control under dynamic system operating conditions modeled by an autoregressive process. Our analysis offers the tracking error bound on the instantaneous solution to the transient optimizer. Under stochastic processes that have bounded iterative changes, the results can be extended to general constrained dynamic optimization problems with smooth strongly convex objective functions. Numerical tests using a 21-bus network have been performed to validate our analytical results.
Observations on Fe59 Labeled Bone Marrow Ferritin

Qualitative studies were carried out to determine the nature of the nonhemoglobin protein or proteins of human bone marrow which incorporate radioiron during in vitro incubations of this tissue. The labeled fraction was studied chiefly by following the behavior of the radioactive iron and comparing it with ferritin isolated from human spleen. Two types of labeled ferritin were identified in the nonhemoglobin fraction. One, a "fast" ferritin, was of greater electrophoretic mobility than spleen ferritin in starch granules and appeared possibly to be the chief incorporator of transferrin-bound iron. The second, or "slow" ferritin, was identical in electrophoretic mobility with spleen ferritin and contained only a tiny percentage of the radioiron incorporated into "fast" ferritin. No other iron-labeled nonhemoglobin components were observed, although their possible presence cannot be discounted.
Crystallizing Local Political Knowledge for Informed Public Participation

Municipal governments often struggle to inform and engage citizens around local issues. Due to complexities of local politics and the diverse expressions in public and private spheres, citizens face a huge information barrier towards meaningful participation. To overcome such barrier, we explore a solution to provide citizens with clear, useful, and trustworthy information. We describe a framework for accomplishing this goal through issue-based knowledge crystallization. In order to put this framework into test, we devised Community Issue Review (CIR) as a concrete process for crystallizing local political knowledge. CIR is a structured deliberative process that use a citizen panel to conduct analysis of data relevant to a pending issue. We describe CIR in three aspects of its functions: institutional design, deliberative process, and productive outcome. Three special characteristics of CIR are emphasized: (1) fully embedded within local decision-making context; (2) hybrid (face-to-face and online) deliberation; (3) facilitation on collaborative decision-analysis. We present the iterative design of the CIR process and the lessons learned from field practices in a local community.
Analysis of the influence of temperature variation on performance of flux-switching permanent magnet machines for traction applications

In this paper, the influence of temperature variation on the characteristics and performance of flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machines are analyzed and investigated. The flux linkage, torque output capability, and inductance variation as functions of the temperature are simulated and analyzed. The paper also shows the influence of temperature variation on key FSPM machines performance including constant torque curves, voltage limit ellipses, maximum torque per ampere curves, and torque-speed curves. The difference of temperature effects between FSPM machines and interior permanent magnet machines are also discussed. The results and trends shown in this paper set a foundation for developing control algorithm which takes the temperature effects into consideration, especially in the applications where operating temperature varies significantly.
Variation in Management of Patients With Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: Insights From the Veterans Affairs Clinical Assessment and Reporting Tool (VA CART) Program

Background Little is known about facility‐level variation in the use of revascularization procedures for the management of stable obstructive coronary artery disease. Furthermore, it is unknown if variation in the use of coronary revascularization is associated with use of other cardiovascular procedures. Methods and Results We evaluated all elective coronary angiograms performed in the Veterans Affairs system between September 1, 2007, and December 31, 2011, using the Clinical Assessment and Reporting Tool and identified patients with obstructive coronary artery disease. Patients were considered managed with revascularization if they received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting within 30 days of diagnosis. We calculated risk‐adjusted facility‐level rates of overall revascularization, PCI, and coronary artery bypass grafting. In addition, we determined the association between facility‐level rates of revascularization and post‐PCI stress testing. Among 15 650 patients at 51 Veterans Affairs sites who met inclusion criteria, the median rate of revascularization was 59.6% (interquartile range, 55.7%–66.7%). Across all facilities, risk‐adjusted rates of overall revascularization varied from 41.5% to 88.1%, rate of PCI varied from 23.2% to 80.6%, and rate of coronary artery bypass graftingvariedfrom 7.5% to 36.5%. Of 6179 patients who underwent elective PCI, the median rate of stress testing in the 2 years after PCI was 33.7% (interquartile range, 30.7%–47.1%). There was no evidence of correlation between facility‐level rate of revascularization and follow‐up stress testing. Conclusions Within the Veterans Affairs system, we observed large facility‐level variation in rates of revascularization for obstructive coronary artery disease, with variation driven primarily by PCI. There was no association between facility‐level use of revascularization and follow‐up stress testing, suggesting use rates are specific to a particular procedure and not a marker of overall facility‐level use.
Deep learning-based data forgery detection in automatic generation control

Automatic Generation Control (AGC) is a key control system in the power grid. It is used to calculate the Area Control Error (ACE) based on frequency and tie-line power flow between balancing areas, and then adjust power generation to maintain the power system frequency in an acceptable range. However, attackers might inject malicious frequency or tie-line power flow measurements to mislead AGC to do false generation correction which will harm the power grid operation. Such attacks are hard to be detected since they do not violate physical power system models. In this work, we propose algorithms based on Neural Network and Fourier Transform to detect data forgery attacks in AGC. Different from the few previous work that rely on accurate load prediction to detect data forgery, our solution only uses the ACE data already available in existing AGC systems. In particular, our solution learns the normal patterns of ACE time series and detects abnormal patterns caused by artificial attacks. Evaluations on the real ACE dataset show that our methods have high detection accuracy.
Cognitive Systems Dependent on Their Own Decisional Equilibrium

The study belongs to a seria of studies that also comprise: The Decisional (Meta) Equilibrium and the Sociocybernetics of the Operative Actions, "Sociological Abstracts", July 1998, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, p.53; brochure of the Social Systems and Sociocybernetics Research Committee, International Sociological Association – XIV World Congress, July 26- August 1, 1998, Montreal, p.73 Decisional Equilibrium/Knowledge Completeness - into a Necessary Relation in the Cybernetics of the Operative Actions, “Knowledge Transfer” (volume II), edited by A. Behrooz, pace, London, 1997, pp.8-14 Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2026259 The study was presented during the "Fourteenth International Congress on Cybernetics", Namur, Belgium, 1995 - within the proposed/chaired Symposium VII ("The Cybernetics of the Operative Actions ..." / 8 communications) by Nicolae Bulz. The study is the result of a long term original research [which includes Nicolae Bulz's PhD thesis entitled "Analysis and Synthesis of Decisional Operative Sub_systems" thesis addressing Ph.D. engineer specialization: Automatic Systems/human-machine interface domain // models#neural networks] and is the first enlarged study published into the Western area by the author (a native Eastern European - from Romania; the travel to Namur, Belgium was the author's first visit into an outside Eastern European area - it was possible on the 1989 falling of the Iron Curtain. The study introduces the original concepts: Operative Problem, Operative Team, Versatility within an Operative Team, Stepped Solvation of an Operative Problem, an original measure on the quantity of information: the number of equivalent states (N eq), Mixed System, Decisional Equilibrium within a Mixed System, and the "inner constructs" within seven original figures (alongside the study).
Use of prucalopride in adults with chronic idiopathic constipation

Introduction: Prucalopride is a selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist with colonic prokinetic activity. It was recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation. Before this approval, there were limited options to improve colonic motility in the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation. Areas covered: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and international conference presentations, and we reviewed all studies that evaluated prucalopride for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation in adults. In this review, we discuss the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, receptor interactions, phase I-IV clinical trials, and safety outcomes of prucalopride in adults, including the elderly. Expert opinion: Prucalopride is an effective agent to improve colonic motility, decrease colonic transit time, and increase complete spontaneous bowel movements in patients with chronic idiopathic constipation. Unlike previously available 5-HT4 receptor agonists such as cisapride and tegaserod, prucalopride does not interact with the cardiac hERG potassium channels or other serotonergic receptors in blood vessels and is not associated with an increase in major adverse cardiovascular events. Additionally, prucalopride has demonstrated promise in the treatment of gastroparesis, post-operative ileus, and opioid-induced constipation. Prucalopride directly stimulates colonic motility, differentiating it from all other medications (exclusively osmotic or chloride secretagogues) approved for chronic constipation in the last decade.
Antidifferentiation and Definite Integration

This chapter explains the important rules of anti-differentiation. One of the most important applications of anti-differentiation is the determination of the area between two curves. The methods of geometry are not applicable in more general situations. The chapter discusses the relationship between anti-differentiation and integration. The fundamental theorem of calculus allows one to use anti-differentiation to compute definite integrals.
Dramatic Resolution of Symptomatic Thoracolumbar Traumatic Spinal Subdural Hygroma with Lumbar Puncture: A Literature Review and Case Illustration.

Background Subdural hygromas are excess fluid accumulations in the subdural compartment, likely occurring via tears in the arachnoid membrane causing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage into the subdural space. Treatment recommendations for spinal subdural hygromas are lacking. Case Description We report a case of a 30-year-old man who developed delayed-onset cauda equina syndrome after a motor vehicle accident. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic and lumbar spine revealed a CSF intensity collection involving most of the thoracic spine and extending toward the distal end of the thecal sac with ventral displacement of the spinal cord and nerve roots. The patient was successfully treated using interventional radiology-guided lumbar puncture. Conclusions Posttraumatic spinal subdural hygromas are rare complications, as evidenced by the lack of literature and treatment guidelines. Using lumbar puncture, we demonstrate clinical and radiographic resolution of a traumatic subdural hygroma. This outcome suggests lumbar puncture may be an effective treatment modality for similar patients, and can potentially be used to avoid a more invasive surgical decompression.
Outcome of reoperative valve surgery via right thoracotomy.

Background The rate of patients being referred for mitral or tricuspid valve surgery after previous cardiac surgery is expected to increase. Reoperative median sternotomy has known risks, including injury to or embolism from prior grafts, sternal dehiscence, phrenic nerve injury, excessive hemorrhage, and inadvertent cardiac injury leading to morbidity and mortality. Methods and Results To avoid these problems, the right thoracotomy approach for reoperative mitral or tricuspid valve surgery was used in 62 patients from January 1990 to September 1995. Average patient age was 66±12 years. Previous operations included : coronary artery bypass graft, 31 ; mitral valve surgery, 26 (repair, 12, replacement, 14) ; and aortic valve surgery, 10. Patients were cannulated via the ascending aorta or common femoral artery with bicaval venous drainage. Systemic cooling and fibrillatory arrest were used. Operations performed included mitral valve repair in 27 patients ; mitral valve replacement in 18 ; prosthetic mitral valve rereplacement in 14 ; repair of prosthetic mitral valve leak in 2 ; and tricuspid valve repair in 5. There was I intraoperative death and 4 other hospital deaths ; 30-day hospital mortality was 6.4%. Complications were uncommon ; only I patient required reexploration for bleeding. There have been 4 late deaths, and at a mean follow-up of 27 months (range, I to 69 months), survivors are in New York Heart Association class I or II. Conclusions Right thoracotomy is a safe, feasible alternative to median sternotomy for selected reoperative mitral valve patients and should be considered whenever repeat sternotomy could prove hazardous.
Abstract PR03: A novel deaminase independent function of APOBEC3A catalyzes widespread chromosomal instability to drive an aggressive metastatic phenotype in pancreatic cancer

Introduction: Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide 3A (A3A), is an endogenous deaminase acting upon gDNA at specific sequence motifs to create C>T edits and is upregulated in a number of cancers. Large-scale sequencing studies have demonstrated an enriched APOBEC mutational signature in a variety of solid tumors, indicating a strong mutagenic role of APOBEC in cancer. Although A3A has been found to be overexpressed and associated with poor overall survival in hPDACs (TCGA), a rather weak APOBEC mutational signature is present in hPDACs, leading us to the hypothesis that A3A may drive independent of its ability to create point mutations, an aggressive tumor burden in hPDAC. Here, we established a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) to unravel the novel function of A3A beyond its deaminase activity in PDAC. Methods: Unlike humans, mice have only one APOBEC3 isoform, lacking genomic DNA deaminase activity. Thus, to model A3A independent of its deaminase function in PDAC we generated a A3A (Exon1/2) transgenic mouse that we bred to a well-established GEMM of PDAC, yielding LSL-KrasG12D; p53fl/+; Pdx1-Cre; RosaLSL-YFP; hAPOBEC3A+/- (hA3A; PKCY) mice. hA3A;PKCY tumors were genotyped with Ilumina exome capture sequencing, whole-genome sequencing, and comparative RNAseq. In addition, PKCY tumors cells expressing deaminase deficient and competent A3A were analyzed for chromosomal instability (CIN) and metastatic capacity. Results: Although high expression of A3A was associated with significantly shorter survival in hPDACs (p=0.04; n=178 (TCGA)), levels of A3A did not correlate with the overall mutational rate. Interestingly, deaminase-deficient A3A mice (hA3A;PKCY) (n=29) expired significantly faster than PKCY (n=40) controls (p Conclusions: Our study suggests that A3A beyond deaminase function and creating point mutations may drive CIN and a more aggressive and metastatic phenotype in PDAC. As opposed to mutagenesis, we found that the more relevant and novel deaminase independent function of A3A is initiation of widespread CIN, SVs and copy number alterations. We unraveled an A3A-mediated BRCAness signature of deep deletion that could be used in PDAC patients to predict tumor biology, outcome, and therapeutic response. This abstract is also being presented as Poster A56. Citation Format: Sonja Maria Woermann, Robert Cowan, Susan M. Ross, Andrew D. Rhim. A novel deaminase independent function of APOBEC3A catalyzes widespread chromosomal instability to drive an aggressive metastatic phenotype in pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2019 Sept 6-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PR03.
Energetic Submesoscale Dynamics in the Ocean Interior

AbstractSubmesoscale ocean processes, characterized by order-1 Rossby and Richardson numbers, are currently thought to be mainly confined to the ocean surface mixed layer, whereas the ocean interio...