cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An examination of the relationship between flexible work arrangements, work-family conflict, organizational commitment, and job performance

Many employees are often faced with an inter-role conflict between work and that of a family in the U.S. However, business leaders and Human Resource Management (HRM) may not recognize the problem affecting white-collar employees. The purpose of this non-experimental quantitative study was to determine whether or not a relationship existed between employees’ use of flexible working arrangements as predictor variables (such as flexible work schedules and telecommuting) and work-family conflict and family-work conflict as covariate variables, and organizational outcomes (such as organizational commitment and job performance outcome variables). The self-reported survey data included 237 employees who have utilized flexible work arrangements in service organizations in the state of Texas. The inconclusive ANCOVA parametric data assumption resulted in further employ Kruskal-Wallis statistical analysis with less restrictive normality assumption The ANCOVA and Kruskal-Wallis analyses tests revealed a statistically significant result for employees’ use of flexible work options (a combination of flexible work schedules and telecommuting) to alleviate family-work conflict. The use of a single option (flexible work schedules or telecommuting) was statistically insignificant to employees. Despite the rigorous study, limitations are inevitable particularly for self-reported data and non-experimental study. The difficulty to determine the participants’ honesty unintentional misrepresentations reflected in the validity of the study (Hunter, 2012; Matsui et al., 2005). Nevertheless, the study provided insight information to organizational management not to overlook the use of flexible work arrangement practices to mitigate employees’ family-work conflict (Gozukara & Colakoglu, 2015) to achieve organizational outcomes. Future researchers should replicate this study to include flexible work arrangement users vs. non-flexible work arrangement employees in other states, regions, and industries.
Decolonizing psychology: Power, citizenship and identity

I adopt a decolonizing perspective in understanding how the culture of psychology creates specific explanations about self and identity. I mainly draw on my recent research on decolonizing psycholo...
A deep convolutional mixture density network for the inverse design of layered photonic structures

Machine learning (ML) has emerged in recent years as a data-driven approach for photonic inverse design. Despite their impressive performance in finding abstract mappings between the design parameters and optical properties, ML algorithms suffer from a high likelihood of slow converging when there exist multiple designs giving similar optical responses. Here we adopt a deep convolutional mixture density neural network, which models the design as a mixture of Gaussian distributions rather than discrete values, to address the non-uniqueness issue. An example of layered structures consisting of alternating oxides under arbitrary incidence conditions is present to showcase the proof of concept.
A Dual-Attention Network for Joint Named Entity Recognition and Sentence Classification of Adverse Drug Events

An adverse drug event (ADE) is an injury resulting from medical intervention related to a drug. Automatic ADE detection from text is either fine-grained (ADE entity recognition) or coarse-grained (ADE assertive sentence classification), with limited efforts leveraging inter-dependencies among the two granularities. We instead propose a multi-grained joint deep network to concurrently learn the ADE entity recognition and ADE sentence classification tasks. Our joint approach takes advantage of their symbiotic relationship, with a transfer of knowledge between the two levels of granularity. Our dual-attention mechanism constructs multiple distinct representations of a sentence that capture both task-specific and semantic information in the sentence, providing stronger emphasis on the key elements essential for sentence classification. Our model improves state-of- art F1-score for both tasks: (i) entity recognition of ADE words (12.5% increase) and (ii) ADE sentence classification (13.6% increase) on MADE 1.0 benchmark of EHR notes.
Utility of the ROX Index in Predicting Intubation for Patients With COVID-19-Related Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure Receiving High-Flow Nasal Therapy: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: The use of high-flow nasal therapy (HFNT) to treat COVID-19 pneumonia has been greatly debated around the world due to concerns about increased health care worker transmission and delays in invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Herein, we analyzed the utility of the noninvasive ROX (ratio of oxygen saturation) index to predict the need for and timing of IMV. Objective: This study aimed to assess whether the ROX index can be a useful score to predict intubation and IMV in patients receiving HFNT as treatment for COVID-19-related hypoxemic respiratory failure. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort analysis of 129 consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to Temple University Hospital in Philadelphia, PA, from March 10, 2020, to May 17, 2020. This is a single-center study conducted in designated COVID-19 units (intensive care unit and other wards) at Temple University Hospital. Patients with moderate and severe hypoxemic respiratory failure treated with HFNT were included in the study. HFNT patients were divided into two groups: HFNT only and intubation (ie, patients who progressed from HFNT to IMV). The primary outcome was the value of the ROX index in predicting the need for IMV. Secondary outcomes were mortality, rate of intubation, length of stay, and rate of nosocomial infections in a cohort treated initially with HFNT. Results: Of the 837 patients with COVID-19, 129 met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 60.8 (SD 13.6) years, mean BMI was 32.6 (SD 8) kg/m², 58 (45%) were female, 72 (55.8%) were African American, 40 (31%) were Hispanic, and 48 (37.2%) were nonsmokers. The mean time to intubation was 2.5 (SD 3.3) days. An ROX index value of less than 5 at HFNT initiation was suggestive of progression to IMV (odds ratio [OR] 2.137, P=.052). Any further decrease in ROX index value after HFNT initiation was predictive of intubation (OR 14.67, P<.001). Mortality was 11.2% (n=10) in the HFNT-only group versus 47.5% (n=19) in the intubation group (P<.001). Mortality and need for pulmonary vasodilators were higher in the intubation group. Conclusions: The ROX index helps decide which patients need IMV and may limit eventual morbidity and mortality associated with the progression to IMV.
Can we rely on synthetic pharmacotherapy for the treatment of glioblastoma

Introduction: Despite decades of clinical trials utilizing conventional and novel therapeutics, the effective treatment of glioblastoma remains one of the most formidable challenges in oncology. Cu...
Mixing-Induced Bimolecular Reactive Transport in Rough Channel Flows: Pore-Scale Simulation and Stochastic Upscaling

Mixing and reaction in rough channel flows govern various applications in engineering and natural processes such as microfluidic mixers and fracture flows, where channel wall roughness and flow inertia can vary widely. The combined effects of channel roughness and flow inertia induce complex flow structures such as recirculating flows, which along with diffusion–reaction processes, lead to a wide range of reactive transport behaviors. Currently, we lack a mechanistic understanding of mixing-induced reactive transport in rough channel flows. To establish a comprehensive understanding of bimolecular reactive transport in rough channel flows, we conduct a simulation-based study with varying channel roughness, Reynolds number (Re), and Peclet number (Pe). The simulation results reveal the distinctive effects of roughness, inertia (Re), and diffusion (Pe) on reactive transport. It is found that first passage time distributions between conservative and reactive tracers are significantly different, especially in mixing-limited pre-asymptotic regimes. The interplay between roughness and inertia leads to complex flow structures, which determines a spatially heterogeneous fluid stretching field. We show that the fluid stretching field together with solute diffusion leads to a spatially non-uniform chemical reactivity field, and the non-uniform chemical reactivity explains the distinctive transport behaviors between conservative and reactive tracers. Furthermore, we characterize the non-uniform reactivity with a reaction probability model that is parameterized with Lagrangian velocity magnitudes, and upscale reactive transport by incorporating the velocity-dependent reaction model into a spatial Markov model.
Electrical properties of high permittivity epitaxial SrCaTiO3 grown on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures

Epitaxial integration of perovskite oxide materials with GaN has unlocked the potential to improve functionality and performance in high-power RF and power-switching applications. In this work, we demonstrate structural and electrical properties of high dielectric constant Sr1−xCaxTiO3 epitaxial layers grown on AlGaN/GaN/4H-SiC high-electron-mobility transistor structures with compositions ranging from x = 0 to x = 0.53 and oxide film thicknesses ranging from 7 to 126 nm. We show (111) orientation in the SrCaTiO3 (SCTO) thin films using a 1 nm (100) TiO2 buffer layer grown by RF-plasma-assisted oxide molecular beam epitaxy. Current–voltage measurements show up to 5 orders of magnitude reduced leakage with SCTO films when compared to Schottky contacted samples. Capacitance–voltage measurements show minimal hysteresis, an extracted dielectric constant (κ) as high as 290, and a fixed positive interface charge density of 2.38 × 1013 cm−2 at the SCTO/AlGaN interface. The direct integration of the SCTO layer does not significantly affect the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) density or the channel mobility with the 2DEG density as a function of SCTO thickness having good agreement with 1D Poisson–Schrodinger simulations. RF characterization of interdigitated capacitors using the SCTO films on unintentionally doped GaN/SiC shows that the films maintain their high κ into microwave frequencies and only exhibit a slight reduction in κ with increased lateral electric fields. These results demonstrate that the integration of a high-κ oxide with GaN can potentially improve electric field management in RF high-electron-mobility transistors and increase the device breakdown voltage without significant degradation to channel transport properties.
Using the Amira software to Reconstruct a 3D Kidney Model (LB25)

Amira is a powerful software for bioscience research that anatomists can use to create 3D structures from CT, MRI, and other diagnostic images. Amira allows us to view 3-dimensional structures not only from outside but also from the inside of the kidney. In this project, we reconstructed the right-sided kidney through an ultra-thin MRI. The structures of the cortex, medulla, calyces, urethra, and renal artery and vein were assigned pseudocolor to simplify identification. We demonstrated how Amira can be used by our students to view multiple displays of 3D kidney models and internal viewing of the cortex and medulla. Amira carries a handful of tools for easily reconstructing CT/MRI images into 3D structures, saving time from tedious segmental outlining and giving a better and more detailed view of the kidney in cross-section.Grant Funding Source: UMC
Gajdusek, Daniel Carleton

1923– American physician and medical researcher, whose pioneering research led the way to understanding the mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases such as kuru, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and scrapie. Keywords: kuru; spongiform encephalopathy; scrapie; Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Conversion of exposed cytidine residues to uridine residues in Escherichia coli formylmethionine transfer ribonucleic acid.

Abstract Treatment of Escherichia coli formylmethionine tRNA with sodium bisulfite results in conversion of 6 cytidine residues to uridine residues under conditions where other cytidine residues in the tRNA are unreactive. Comparison of double and single stranded polymers shows that the bisulfitemediated deamination reaction is strongly inhibited by ordered structure. Under conditions where over 90% of the cytidine residues in poly(C) are deaminated, there is no detectable reaction of poly(I) poly(C). The 6 reactive cytidine residues in formylemethionine tRNA are modified at the same rate as cytidine residues in poly(C) and all are located in single stranded regions of the clover-leaf model. The modified residues include the cytidine at the 5'-phosphate terminus, the cytidine in the anticodon, the two cytidines in the dihydrouridine loop, and the two cytidines in the 3'-terminal CpCpA sequence. The O-methylcytidine in the anticodon loop shows only about 20% reaction under conditions where reactive cytidines are completely modified. No reaction of the cytidine in the small loop or of the cytidine in the TψC loop is observed. Aside from the unusual unpaired base at the 5' terminus, the initiator tRNA resembles several other tRNAs with respect to the locations of exposed and protected cytidine residues in the ordered structure of the molecule.
Lamotrigine, a Narrow Therapeutic Index Drug or Not? (P4.267)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether lamotrigine should be classified as a narrow therapeutic index (NTI) drug. BACKGROUND: FDA recommends reference scaled bioequivalence approach and tighter product quality standards for NTI drugs to ensure interchangeability among brand and generic NTI drugs in patients. NTI drugs are those where small differences in dose or blood concentrations can lead to serious therapeutic failure and/or adverse drug reactions. Some neurologists consider most anti-epileptic drugs as NTI drugs and suggest that generic AEDs should meet tighter bioequivalence and quality standards. DESIGN/METHODS: We collected literature, new drug application, and abbreviated new drug application (ANDA) data to assess whether lamotrigine possesses the following general characteristics of NTI drugs: a) little separation between therapeutic and toxic doses (or the associated drug concentrations); b) sub-therapeutic concentrations lead to serious therapeutic failure; c) subject to therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM); d) possess low-to-moderate (i.e., ≤30%) within-subject variability; e) in clinical practice, doses often adjusted in very small increments (<20%). RESULTS: Lamotrigine therapeutic concentrations are generally reported in the range of 1.5-14 µg/mL, and the drug concentration associated with toxicity is >15 µg/mL. However, individualized therapeutic range was not available. Sub-therapeutic concentrations of lamotrigine (e.g., pregnancy and non-adherence) can increase the risk of breakthrough seizures that are considered serious therapeutic failures. Frequency of TDM in routine clinical care to ensure safety and efficacy is unclear, although TDM is commonly used for dose adjustments during pregnancy. The mean residual variability (%CV) for C max and AUC are 8.8 and 11.2%, respectively. No studies demonstrate that small dose adjustments (<20%) of lamotrigine improve patient outcome. Anecdotally, clinicians report that following initial lamotrigine titration, doses may sometimes be adjusted by increments <50 mg. CONCLUSIONS: Data reviewed do not indicate that lamotrigine possesses all the general characteristics of NTI drugs. Additional information (e.g., survey of epileptologists’ practices) is needed to determine if lamotrigine is a NTI drug. Study Supported by: FDA Disclosure: Dr. Cai has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ting has nothing to disclose. Dr. Polli has nothing to disclose. Dr. Berg has nothing to disclose. Dr. Privetera has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jiang has nothing to disclose.
The Subjective Court Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence Victims: Does Motherhood Matter?:

Many women with children experience intimate partner violence (IPV). These survivors are particularly important to assist, because countless have complex safety concerns related to their children. Mothers’ concerns about their children have been shown to impact their decision making related to abuse, but researchers have not closely explored what happens during mothers’ interactions with help sources. This study examined whether women with (n = 98) and without (n = 44) children differ in a) their court experiences through their perceptions of procedural and distributive justice, and b) the context of their lives surrounding the court experience. We also explored the relationship between contextual factors and procedural and distributive justice. Results indicate participants were relatively satisfied with their court experiences, despite experiencing reabuse, danger, and fear throughout court processes. Mothers reported significantly higher levels of distributive justice and contact with the abusive partn...
PCR detection of Kashmir bee virus in honey bee excreta

SUMMARYUsing direct RT-PCR, Kashmir bee virus (KBV) was detected in the faecal material of worker and queen honey bees (Apis mellifera). This occurrence implies that KBV could be transmitted horizontally in bee colonies without involving the suspected mite vector, Varroa jacobsoni. The molecular techniques described in this study can be used to certify KBV-free queens sold to beekeepers.
Lung Cancer Resection at Hospitals With High vs Low Mortality Rates

Importance Wide variations in mortality rates exist across hospitals following lung cancer resection; however, the factors underlying these differences remain unclear. Objective To evaluate perioperative outcomes in patients who underwent lung cancer resection at hospitals with very high and very low mortality rates (high-mortality hospitals [HMHs] and low-mortality hospitals [LMHs]) to better understand the factors related to differences in mortality rates after lung cancer resection. Design, Setting, and Participants In this retrospective cohort study, 1279 hospitals that were accredited by the Commission on Cancer were ranked on a composite measure of risk-adjusted mortality following major cancer resections performed from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2006. We collected data from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2007, on 645 lung resections in 18 LMHs and 25 HMHs. After adjusting for patient characteristics, we used hierarchical logistic regression to examine differences in the incidence of complications and “failure-to-rescue” rates (defined as death following a complication). Main Outcomes and Measures Rates of adherence to processes of care, incidence of complications, and failure to rescue following complications. Results Among 645 patients who received lung resections (441 in LMHs and 204 in HMHs), the overall unadjusted mortality rates were 1.6% (n = 7) vs 10.8% (n = 22; P P Conclusions and Relevance Failure-to-rescue rates are higher at HMHs, which may explain the large differences between hospitals in mortality rates following lung cancer resection. This finding emphasizes the need for better understanding of the factors related to complications and their subsequent management.
Parallel replica dynamics for driven systems : Derivation and application to strained nanotubes

We show that parallel replica dynamics can be extended to driven systems (e.g., systems with time-dependent boundary conditions). Each processor simulates a replica at a driving rate that is $M$ times faster than the desired rate, where $M$ is the number of processors. As in regular parallel replica dynamics, when a transition to a new state is detected on any processor, the times are summed and every processor is restarted in the new state. The state-to-state dynamics are shown to be correct if the processors run at the same speed and the system is driven slowly enough (on each processor) so that the escape rates do not depend on the time history of the drive. We demonstrate the algorithm by stretching a carbon nanotube with a preexisting vacancy, noting a significant dependence of the nature of nanotube yield on the strain rate. In particular, we are able to achieve strain rates slow enough such that the time scale for vacancy diffusion is faster than that for mechanical yield at a temperature of $2000\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. We thus observe vacancy-induced morphological changes in the nanotube structure, providing some insight into previously unexplained experimental features.
Genetical evidence for synthesis of transferrin in the foetus.

CLEAR-CUT evidence that the fœtus synthesizes its own plasma proteins is scant. It has been demonstrated by in vitro experiments that the liver of a fœtus of three months gestation can incorporate glycine labelled with carbon-14 into proteins resembling albumin, α1-globulin, α2-globulin, and β-globulin of human plasma1. These investigations also showed that metal-binding β-globulin (presumably transferrin) was capable of being synthesized by fœtal liver. Other workers have established that the fœtus synthesizes haptoglobin by finding some new-born children with types of haptoglobin that were absent in their mothers2,3.
Chemical and ultrastructural studies on the cell wall ofStaphylococcus simulans biovarstaphylolyticus

Cell walls of strains ofStaphylococcus simulans biovarstaphylolyticus andS. aureus FDA 209P were compared ultrastructurally and chemically to investigate the mechanism of resistance of this strain ofS. simulans to its own staphylolytic endopeptidase. Chemical analysis of the peptidoglycans of the various strains examined showed that cells that were more resistant to lysis by the endopeptidase had lower glycine/serine ratios in their cross bridges and that, within a species, the more resistant cells had either fewer residues in these cross bridges or fewer cross bridges. Ultrastructural studies showed that cell wall thickness was not involved in resistance to the enzyme. Comparisons of the endopeptidase susceptibility of intact cells and isolated peptidoglycans from these cells suggested that the three-dimensional structure of the cell wall may play a role in resistance to lysis by the endopeptidase.
Secondary Trauma in Children and School Personnel

A review of childhood secondary trauma is presented. Secondary trauma involves the transfer and acquisition of negative affective and dysfunctional cognitive states due to prolonged and extended contact with others, such as family members, who have been traumatized. As such, secondary trauma refers to a spread of trauma reactions from the victim to those who have close contact with the traumatized individual. Children can acquire secondary trauma reactions from parents who have PTSD. School mental health workers and teachers might also acquire secondary trauma reactions from the children with whom they work. It is claimed by some that exposure to intense video presentations of traumatic events can also lead to secondary traumatization especially when viewed by children. Assessment devices are reviewed and most of these appear to be designed to assess secondary or vicarious traumatization in therapists rather than in the general population of adults. The majority of scales lack cutoff scores and this is a ...
Linear physical programming for production planning optimization

Production planning plays a central role in the successful management of any production-oriented company. Production planning is typically multiobjective in nature and the management thereof generally consists of balancing/resolving many conflicting objectives. Previous works have shown that successful production planning can be achieved using multiobjective optimization. In this paper, a production-planning model conducive to optimization is developed and used with the preference-based optimization method Linear Physical Programming (LPP). Machine yield rates and production time are important components of the proposed model and examples that illustrate the optimization process. The key contribution of this work is in the application of LPP to a newly developed production planning model. The benefit of LPP is that it capitalizes on latent human experience and previous design knowledge when such is available. Otherwise, LPP effectively helps the designer explore the design space.
Major advances in international pharmacoepidemiology.

Abstract Pharmacoepidemiology applies the principles of epidemiology to the problems of pharmacotherapy—particularly addressing society's need to know more about drug safety issues than the higly structured pre-approval clinical trials programs can provide. Thus, the concerns are truly international, and the approaches must also be international, tempered by the ability to generalize from one nation's experience, and by the availability of specialized research resources. Studying the impact of medical and medicinal interventions, the field is especially well-served by the major advances in computer system's support of medical settings and the multipurpose linked automated data base, linking automated pharmacy-dispensing data with same-population automated hospital discharge and other medical and demographic data. The development of such resources, the direction of their fruits to complement the hard work of hands-on traditional epidemiologic approaches in this field, the recruitment and support of trained researchers in the field, and the international coordination of policy and practice realistic to the capacity while responsive to the demand are all among the exciting challenges ahead.
Small-aperture infrared photometry of Seyfert 1 galactic nuclei

Multiaperture infrared photometry of the nuclei of five Seyfert 1 galaxies is presented. When apertures approaching the seeing limit were used, it was found that all of the nuclei have observed power law energy distributions with F(nu) proportional to 1/nu sq from 1.25 to 3.45 micron. After correcting for reddening, the spectral indices had a range of alpha = 1.4-1.9. These results are supported through infrared imaging of one of the program galaxies, and they demonstrate the importance of properly isolating the nuclear component from the stellar disk through the use of extremely small apertures. Although the nature of the infrared emissions cannot be determined, results indicate that a common energy source exists among the observed galaxies.
Ethmoid mucocele as a late complication of endoscopic ethmoidectomy.

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to describe ethmoid mucocele as a late complication of endoscopic ethmoidectomy.STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective review of 14 patients who were diagnosed with ethmoid ...
Resonance Raman and hyper-Raman scattering from monosubstituted benzenes

Abstract The first Raman and hyper-Raman spectra of chloro- and iodobenzene for excitation resonant with the L a electronic state are reported. Both the weakly perturbing chlorine and strongly perturbing iodine substituents induce the same type of Raman activity. The spectra are dominated by the ν 8a fundamental and other totally symmetric vibrational modes (Franck—Condon activity) and show little evidence of significant vibronic behavior.
Climatology and trends of mesospheric (58–90 km) temperatures based upon 1982–1986 SME Limb scattering profiles

Atmospheric temperature profiles for the altitude range 58-90 km were calculated using data on global UV limb radiances from the SME satellite. The major elements of this climatology include a high vertical resolution (about 4 km) and the coverage of the 70-90 km altitude region. The analysis of this extensive data set provides a global definition of mesospheric-lower thermospheric temperature trends over the 1982-1986 period. The observations suggest a pattern of 1-2 K/year decreases in temperatures at 80-90-km altitudes accompanied by 0.5-1.5 K/year increases in temperatures at 65-80-km altitudes.
Detection of bands in backscatter microscopy images using new hough transform techniques

Electron backscatter patterns are used to analyze the crystallographic structure of materials and extract 3D grain orientation data that is of use in material science. We present new Hough transform pre- and post-processing algorithms to improve analysis of such data. Our new technique also reduces the computation time required.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Characteristics of a new class of diode-switched integrated antenna phase shifter

The effectiveness and bandwidth of a new class of diode-switched integrated antenna phase shifter are examined. A well-known example of this type of antenna is the "spiraphase." The operation of this type of antenna is found to be for circular polarization only. When used as a reflecting element, the effectiveness of the antenna is not broadband. A much wider bandwidth is expected by using this antenna as a direct radiating device.
Characteristics of the junction-gate field effect transistor with short channel length

Abstract A two-section model of a junction-gate field effect transistor with short channel length was derived. In this model, the current conducting channel is divided into a source and a drain section. The gradual channel approximation with a modification to include the hot electron effect is assumed applicable in the source section. The velocity saturation transport with excess carrier accumulation effect is formulated for the drain section. The normalized design curves and the characteristics of two sample devices are presented.
Photovoltaic Concentrator System Technology and Applications Experiments

Photovoltaic systems offer the potential of providing a significant portion of the nation’s electrical energy needs by converting solar energy directly into electrical energy. The major obstacle preventing this potential from being realized is the cost of photovoltaic systems. One approach to reducing system cost is to concentrate sunlight on the photovoltaic cells, increasing their output and, hence, decreasing the amount of cell area required for a given power output. This concept essentially trades high cost cell area for lower cost concentrating optics area. Photovoltaic concentrator technology is still in the development stages but has made considerable progress and gained significant attention during the past few years. This technology is described and its future potential is discussed. In addition, brief summaries of several concentrator applications experiments which are in the system design phase are presented. The purpose of these experiments are to provide on-site experience with photovoltaic concentrator systems.Copyright © 1979 by ASME
Endovascular management of ventricular catheter-induced anterior cerebral artery false aneurysm: technical case report.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: We describe the case of a 3.3-kg infant who developed an anterior cerebral artery pseudoaneurysm after ventricular catheter placement. The lesion was treated with endovascular vessel sacrifice. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 3.3-kg infant with a myelomeningocele underwent repair and ventricular catheter insertion for hydrocephalus. During shunt insertion, intracerebral arterial bleeding was encountered. Subsequent arteriography demonstrated an anterior cerebral artery pseudoaneurysm. TECHNIQUE: Via a transfemoral artery approach, the aneurysm and feeding vessel were catheterized with a microcatheter and wire. The aneurysm and vessel were then sacrificed with detachable platinum coils. CONCLUSION: Arterial injury is uncommon after ventricular catheter placement. When it does occur, however, an unstable pseudoaneurysm may form. Endovascular techniques can be used to remedy this problem, thus at times obviating the need for a standard craniotomy, which can be particularly difficult in a newborn.
Magnetic properties of electrons and holes in metallic Si:P and Si:B

We present new NMR data on the ${\mathrm{P}}^{31}$ resonance in Si:P and ${\mathrm{B}}^{11}$ resonance in Si:B for samples in the impurity concentration range from 5 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{18}$ to 9 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{19}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. The data give further information about the magnetic properties of the charge carriers in these metallic samples. These data, taken in conjunction with recent NMR data for ${\mathrm{Si}}^{29}$ by Sasaki, Ikehata, and Kobayashi in Si:P in the same concentration range place certain restrictions upon models which have been introduced to interpret magnetoresistance and spin-susceptibility data. Both ${\mathrm{P}}^{31}$ and ${\mathrm{Si}}^{29}$ data in Si:P exhibit a temperature dependence of linewidth and Knight shift for $T$ below 4.2 K. The results are compared to the ESR spin-susceptibility measurements of Quirt and Marko and of Ue and Maekawa. It is observed that the temperature dependence of the Knight shift and linewidth can be almost entirely accounted for by the temperature dependence of the spin susceptibility. The NMR data support a simple model in which all donor electrons or acceptor holes participate in a single, interacting system. They give no confirmation to the existence of the local magnetic moments which have been invoked to explain the negative magnetoresistance in $n$-type heavily doped semiconductors, but can also not rule out the existence of such moments.
Plasticity in the dynamics of myocardial contraction: Ca2+, crossbridge kinetics, or molecular cooperation.

The myocardial twitch exhibits remarkable plasticity in terms of peak developed force and the kinetics of force development and relaxation. In the heart, such plasticity contributes to beat-to-beat adjustments in stroke volume and to changes in cardiac output as a consequence of altered sympathetic tone. There is ample awareness of some of the mechanisms underlying the variability in the cardiac twitch, including the Frank-Starling mechanism1 and neurohumoral modulation of cardiac contractility.2 3 At the same time, the molecular mechanisms by which the twitch is altered are not completely understood, although most investigators would attribute changes in the twitch to a combination of alterations in Ca2+ delivery to the myoplasm, Ca2+ sensitivity of regulatory proteins, and kinetics of crossbridge interaction with actin. These are interactive variables in the sense that changes in Ca2+ delivery or Ca2+ sensitivity would be expected to change crossbridge interaction kinetics. Cooperative interactions among contractile and regulatory proteins comprise yet another variable that appears to regulate crossbridge interaction in myocardium, ie, most contemporary models include cooperativity as part of the Ca2+ activation process.4 5 6 Cooperation does not appear as a single process, but it most likely involves a combination of positive cooperativity in Ca2+ binding to the thin filament as well as effects of crossbridges to enhance Ca2+ binding, to enhance further crossbridge binding, and to speed the rate of crossbridge binding.6 Although cooperative mechanisms such as these might contribute significantly to the cardiac twitch, we do not yet know the degree to which these mechanisms contribute to the twitch or to beat-to-beat variations in the twitch. In this issue of Circulation Research , an article by Wolska et al7 addresses possible roles of the thin-filament protein tropomyosin in regulating the dynamics of the …
8. The Grounding of Forgiveness: Martha Nussbaum on Compassion and Mercy

Violence came to define the twentieth century. We live in fear that an even more extreme violence will characterize the twenty-first century. The city of Hiroshima was the victim of the greatest single stroke of violence in the history of humanity. Yet it managed to arise, Phoenix-like, as a city devoted to peace in the aftermath of nuclear horror. How was this extraordinary forgiveness possible? Is it possible that it was born out of a compassion for the victims of nuclear holocaust that extended beyond its immediate borders? In several works, but most notably in Upheavals of Thought, Martha Nussbaum has analyzed the conditions for the occurrence of compassion. She has also subjected her largely Aristotelian analysis of compassion to a Stoic-inspired critique. This paper will reconstruct Nussbaum's analysis, critique, and defense of compassion. I will then extend Nussbaum's analysis to argue how a forgiveness rooted in compassion, rather than mercy, might be possible. The city of Hiroshima's dedication to worldwide peace in the aftermath of nuclear horror is used to illustrate a compassion-based forgiveness.
Before you see it, you see its parts: evidence for feature encoding and integration in preschool children and adults

Abstract Preschool children and adults were compared in two experiments examining the basic issue of whether perceptual representations of objects are built-up from independent features along the dimensions of size and brightness. Experiment 1 was a visual search experiment. Subjects searched for targets which differed from distractors either by a single feature or by a conjunction of features. Results from preschoolers were comparable to those from adults, and were consistent with Treisman and Gelade's (1980, Cognitive Psychology , 12 , 97–136) feature-integration theory of attention. Their theory states that independent features are encoded in parallel and are later combined with a spatial attention mechanism. However, children's significantly steeper conjunctive search slope indicated a slower speed of feature integration. In Experiment 2, four mathematical models of pattern recognition were tested against classification task data. The findings from both age groups were again consistent with a model assuming that size and brightness features are initially registered, and then integrated. Moreover, the data from Experiment 2 imply that perceptual growth entails small changes in the discriminability of featural representations; however, both experiments show that the operations performed on these representations are the same developmentally.
Larval orientation mechanisms: The power of controlled experiments

Abstract Recent reports of field-based experimental research on ecology of marine invertebrate larvae has renewed debate on the applicability of laboratory-based research. This paper addresses the ...
Driver information systems — A North American perspective

Driver information systems (DIS) are considered in North America as a major category of Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems (IVHS), which offers to improve the efficiency and safety of driving by means of an amalgamation of information technology with vehicle and highway technologies. Traditionally North America has basic strengths in a number of information technologies that are relevant to DIS. Due to a hiatus in federal funding in the early 1980s, DIS development in North America during the past decade has emphasized autonomous systems on the vehicles until recently. The current acceleration of IVHS development in the United States has resulted from a number of converging forces and has provided the impetus for developing advanced driver information systems (ADIS) that integrates the vehicle and the highway. Large-scale demonstration and implementation of ADIS will hinge on the major legislations in the near future, and on the successful development of public-private sector partnerships in IVHS.
Failure of high rates of glucocorticoid infusion to inhibit growth hormone secretion in the rhesus monkey.

In experimental circumstances wherein growth hormone infusions markedly inhibit the release of endogenous growth hormone in response to Pitressin injection or to insulin hypoglycemia, the infusion of relatively massive quantities of cortisol or dexamethasone has no such effect. (Endocrinology 86: 895, 1970)
Toward better Alzheimer's research information sources for the public

The National Plan to Address Alzheimer's Disease calls for a new relationship between researchers and members of the public. This relationship is one that provides research information to patients and allows patients to provide ideas to researchers. One way to describe it is a "bidirectional translational relationship." Despite the numerous sources of online and offline information about Alzheimer's disease, there is no information source which currently provides this interaction. This article proposes the creation an Alzheimer's research information source dedicated to monitoring Alzheimer's research literature and providing user friendly, publicly accessible summaries of data written specifically for a lay audience. This information source should contain comprehensive, updated, user friendly, publicly available, reviews of Alzheimer's research and utilize existing online multimedia/social networking tools to provide information in useful formats that help patients, caregivers, and researchers learn rapidly from one another.
Muscle growth in teleost fish is regulated by factors utilizing the activin II B receptor

The activin type IIB receptor (Acvr2b) is the cell surface receptor for multiple transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily ligands, several of which regulate muscle growth in mammals. To investigate the role of the Acvr2b signaling pathway in the growth and development of skeletal muscle in teleost fish, transgenic rainbow trout (RBT; Oncorhynchus mykiss) expressing a truncated form of the acvr2b-2a (acvr2b(▵)) in muscle tissue were produced. High levels of acvr2b(▵) expression were detected in the majority of P1 transgenic fish. Transgenic P1 trout developed enhanced, localized musculature in both the epaxial and hypaxial regions (dubbed 'six pack'). The F1 transgenic offspring did not exhibit localized muscle growth, but rather developed a uniform body morphology with greater girth, condition factor and increased muscle fiber hypertrophy. There was a high degree of variation in the mass of both P1 and F1 transgenic fish, with several fish of each generation exhibiting enhanced growth compared with other transgenic and control siblings. The 'six pack' phenotype observed in P1 transgenic RBT overexpressing acvr2b(▵) and the presence of F1 individuals with altered muscle morphology provides compelling evidence for the importance of TGF-β signaling molecules in regulating muscle growth in teleost fish.
Electrochemical bioassay system. Redox responses of Escherichia coli cultures to environmental stresses

Abstract Redox responses of Escherichia coli based on the anaerobic metabolism of glucose to hydrogen are characteristic of the culture. Four unique E. coli strains and one resistant strain were monitored in a multichannel electrochemical analyzer. The redox measurements and absorbance as well as their kinetics, observed during culture growth, were compared to differentiate strains and to correlate with phenotypes. Mixed cultures of two strains to simulate the emergence of a resistant population yielded two peak potentials. On increasing or decreasing the initial cell concentration of one strain or the other, the respective potential peak was moved forward or backward in the time-scale, thereby allowing peak identification. The electrochemical bioassay system, calibrated by known cultures, was used to evaluate various environmental stress factors: culture media without nutrients or substrates, extended culturing under impoverished conditions, freezing, cooling, or heating cultures to lethal temperatures for different periods of time, and exposing cultures to increasing doses of a phenolic toxicant. This system appears to be responsive to the stress factors in a quantitative and reproducible manner, and hence may find use in environmental risk assessments.
Evaluation of veterinarian and veterinary student knowledge and clinical use of pulse oximetry

We hypothesized that veterinarians and veterinary students may lack key knowledge about pulse oximetry, which may result in this type of patient monitor not being used on appropriate patient populations or to its full capabilities. A questionnaire was developed to assess an individual's knowledge and understanding of pulse oximetry. Residents and specialists in anesthesiology and critical care at several academic institutions were surveyed first to assess the questionnaire for clarity and to serve as a control group. General veterinary practitioners (GPs) attending continuing education courses at the University of Georgia were surveyed over a 24-month period. Students entering their senior year anesthesiology rotation at the University of Georgia were also surveyed. Residents and specialists (69% correct responses) scored significantly higher than senior students (46%), who scored significantly higher than GPs (34%). Only 15% of GPs and 21% of senior students reported that they had received training in pulse oximetry in school. Those who had received training scored significantly higher than those who did not. Many GPs did not report using a pulse oximeter on their critical patients under anesthesia, a group that would be expected to benefit from its use. Veterinarians have a poor understanding about how pulse oximetry works, the information provided by pulse oximetry, and how to best apply it to their patients. Furthermore, the respondents did not use pulse oximeters in a manner that would derive the most information and result in the greatest benefit to the patient relative to the cost of the instrument. Didactic training in veterinary curricula and during continuing education opportunities continues to be necessary in order to produce veterinarians, who have an understanding of the technologies available that can be used to improve patient care.
Determination of vitamin D in relation to body mass index and race in a defined population of black and white women

Objective To examine the contributions of obesity and race to levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in a defined cohort of black and white women.
Hardware compilation for FPGA-based configurable computing machines

Configurable computing machines are an emerging class of hybrid architectures where a field programmable gate array (FPGA) component is tightly coupled to a general-purpose microprocessor core. In these architectures, the FPGA component complements the general-purpose microprocessor by enabling a developer to construct application-specific gate-level structures on-demand while retaining the flexibility and rapid reconfigurability of a fully programmable solution. High computational performance can be achieved on the FPGA component by creating custom data paths, operators, and interconnection pathways that are dedicated to a given problem, thus enabling similar structural optimization benefits as ASICs. In this paper, we present a new programming environment for the development of applications on this new class of configurable computing machines. This environment enables developers to develop hybrid hardware/software applications in a common integrated development framework. In particular, the focus of this paper is on the hardware compilation part of the problem starting from a software-like algorithmic process-based specification.
Predictors of Suicidality Among Patients with Psychotic Disorders in a Partial Hospital Treatment Program

Individuals with psychotic disorders are at increased risk for suicidality. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared in individuals with psychotic disorders reporting either high or low suicidality. Among this sample of 259 partial hospital patients, 116 (44.8%) were classified as high risk on the suicidality section of the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview, and 143 (55.2%) were considered low risk. Bivariate analyses revealed that patients classified as high risk demonstrated greater depression severity, more relationship difficulties, greater emotional lability, and more substance use problems. A logistic regression model indicated that substance use was the most powerful predictor of higher levels of suicidality. Monitoring and intervention for substance use should be targeted as a particularly important aspect of treatment for acutely ill patients diagnosed with psychotic disorders.