cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AGE RELATED DIFFERENCES IN ANGIOTENSIN II (A-II) METABOLISM IN RAT TISSUES

In order to attempt to account for age-related differences in plasma angiotensin II concentration, the activity of angiotensinases in developing rat tissues was examined. The rate of degradation of A-II was determined in vitro during incubation of tissue homogenates with 125-I-tyrosine labeled angiotensin II. Peptide fragments were separated electrophoretically and quantified by gamma scintillation counting. Half-life of labeled A-II in plasma or liver homogenates did not change with age. In contrast, the half-life in renal tissue homogenates decreased from 8.4 ± 1.2 minutes in two-week-old rats to 4.7 ± 0.7 minutes in eight-week-old rats and 2.8 ± 1.8 minutes in adults. This change in the rate of disappearance was accompanied by concomitant increase in the rate of appearance of labeled peptide fragments. Peptide mapping revealed that the principal metabolite of 125-AII was tyrosine. The only other detectable metabolites of A-II were the amino-terminus tetrapeptide and the carboxy-terminus hexapeptide. The appearance of these fragments was highly variable, suggesting that endopeptidases did not constitute the ultimate cleavage of All degradation. The increased rate of metabolism of angiotensin II during development is consistent with the age-related increases in the concentration of angiotensin II in plasma of developing rats as demonstrated by previous studies from our laboratory.(Supported by NIH Grants HD06290 & HL22544)
Differences in left ventricular ejection fraction using teichholz formula and volumetric methods by cmr: implications for patient stratification and selection of therapy

Introduction Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is important for characterization and management of patients and selection of therapy. The Teichholz formula, Vol = 7D3/ (2.4+D), is widely used, as it calculates LV volume using only LV diameter (D), but its accuracy depends on the accuracy of geometric assumptions about LV shape. Volumetric cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is accurate and reproducible for determination of LV volumes and EF, and does not require geometric assumptions.
Anomalous enhanced emission from PbS quantum dots on a photonic-crystal microcavity

We report up to 75 times enhancement in emission from lithographically produced photonic crystals with postprocessing close-packed colloidal quantum-dot incorporation. In our analysis, we use the emission from a close-packed free-standing film as a reference. After discounting the angular redistribution effect, our analysis shows that the observed enhancement is larger than the combined effects of Purcell enhancement and dielectric enhancement with the microscopic local field. The additional enhancement mechanisms, which are consistent with all our observations, are thought to be spectral diffusion mediated by phonons and local polarization fluctuations that allow off-resonant excitons to emit at the cavity wavelengths.
Comment on “the age of extremes: Concentrated affluence and poverty in the twenty-first century”

Douglas Massey's presidential address challenges demographers, sociologists, economists, and other social scientists to focus their research and policy analysis on the emergence of "an unprecedented spatial intensification of both privilege and poverty." William Julius Wilson's (1987) The Truly Disadvantaged was the catalyst for extensive analysis of the emergence of the urban underclass; Massey's paper should do the same for the emergence of "the age of extremes." He states that "a principal motivation for my pessimistic candor and perhaps overly brutal frankness is to galvanize colleagues, students, politicians, and reporters into action." Massey thoughtfully connects several strands in his widely cited research: immigration, racial and ethnic segregation, and the causes and consequences. of concentrated poverty. He then demonstrates that an understudied component, the spatial concentration of affluence, ties these topics to recent research on increased inequality of earnings and incomes. Research on the problems of the inner city and on inequality have evolved independently, for the most part, and the studies of rising economic inequality cited by Massey neglect the spatial concentration of affluence. Numerous studies have analyzed longitudinal data and have documented the negative effects of growing up in a poor family or a poor neighborhood (holding family background constant) on children's life chances (for a review, see Corcoran 1995; for a case study, see Rosenbaum 1995). Few studies, however, have estimated models which test whether there are effects for children growing up in affluent families and in affluent neighborhoods. If these effects turn out to be as important as Massey surmises, they should not be ignored. ' Massey's analysis of the simultaneous increase in poverty and affluence and the geographic concentration of both
Differential regulation of GRP78 and GLUT1 expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

We tested the hypothesis that the constitutive glucose transporter (GLUT 1) in 3T3-L 1 adipocytes belongs to the family of glucose-regulated proteins which are transcriptionally regulated by glucose deprivation. Using cDNA probes for both GRP78 (BiP) and GLUT1, we show that the level of GRP78 mRNA increased by 15-fold within 24 h of glucose deprivation with little change in GLUT1 mRNA. The elevated GRP78 mRNA in turn led to a time-dependent increase in GRP78 protein. While glucose deprivation did not alter the expression of the normal glycoform of GLUT 1, a lower molecular weight glycoform accumulated with extended deprivation. Mannose and fructose, but not galactose, prevented the induction of GRP78 and accumulation of the abnormal GLUT1. Because GRP78 acts as a chaperone in other cell systems, we also sought evidence to support this activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Using the technique of co-immunoprecipitation, we demonstrate that GRP78 bound several proteins unique to the glucose-deprived state. No deprivation-specific proteins could be detected in association with GLUT 1. These data lead us to conclude that GLUTl does not display characteristics of the glucose-regulated proteins, at least in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, a widely used model for differentiation, hormone action, and nutrient control. However, the mechanisms for activating traditional members of this family appear intact.
Diabetic ketoacidosis induced by alpha interferon and ribavirin treatment in a patient with hepatitis C.

Diabetic ketoacidosis induced by alpha interferon and ribavirin treatment in a patient with hepatitis C
A unified theory of symmetry for nonlinear multiport and multiterminal resistors

Simple group-theoretic concepts are used to develop a rigorous and comprehensive theory of symmetry for nonlinear multiport and multiterminal resistors which do not rely on geometrical arguments or other ad hoc techniques normally invoked in such studies. This theory unifies all forms of symmetry, including rotation, reflection and complementary symmetry, into a single framework. It also includes all known nonlinear symmetry principles as special cases. Moreover, a general method for identifying all symmetry characteristics possessed by a nonlinear multiport and multiterminal element is given. The main results of this paper: 1 Several algorithms for synthesizing a nonlinear multiport or multiterminal element having any prescribed form of symmetry are presented. In particular, various examples are given which illustrate how these algorithms can be used to derive well-known symmetrical nonlinear circuit modules such as push-pull amplifiers, complementary-symmetric amplifiers, rectifiers, modulators, etc.; 2 A reduction algorithm is presented which allows a complicated symmetric element to be analysed by a much simpler reduced element; 3 A general principle is derived for applying symmetry to achieve frequency separation in nonlinear communication circuits where the even harmonic components are separated from the odd harmonic components.
The Role of the T-Lymphocyte in Estrogen Deficiency Osteopenia†

Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that the T-lymphocyte is critical in the development of cyclosporin A–induced osteopenia in the rat model. A similar state of osteopenia is induced by estrogen depletion in the ovariectomized (OVX) rat, which is the animal model of postmenopausal bone loss. However, the role of the immune system, and particularly the T-lymphocyte, in estrogen deplete osteopenia has not been elucidated. We used the Rowett athymic nude rat as our model of T-lymphocyte deficiency. In this study, the experimental rats were divided into four groups as follows: (1) sham-operated Rowett heterozygous (rnu/+) euthymic rats (control group); (2) OVX Rowett heterozygous (rnu/+) euthymic rats; (3) sham-operated Rowett homozygous (rnu/rnu) athymic nude rats, which are T-lymphocyte deficient; and (4) ovariectomized Rowett homozygous (rnu/rnu) rats. Rats were weighed, and venous blood was taken in weeks 2, 4, and 6 for determination of serum osteocalcin. Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) was determined on the day of sacrifice. Following sacrifice, histomorphometry was performed on double-labeled proximal tibial metaphyses. Flow cytometric analysis of splenic mononuclear cell isolates stained for OX19-positive (CD5) T-lymphocytes was performed. T-lymphocyte analysis revealed significant reductions in both athymic nude groups, while OVX euthymic rats demonstrated a diminished number of T-cells relative to their sham-operated counterparts. Histomorphometric data indicated that both OVX groups exhibited a significant loss of trabecular volume, with associated increases in indices for bone formation and resorption, with resorption likely outstripping formation, resulting in osteopenia. Serum osteocalcin was significantly elevated in the ovariectomized euthymic group throughout the experimental period compared with the control group (p < 0.01); it was elevated in the ovariectomized athymic group on week 4 only (p < 0.01 vs. control). It appears that the T-lymphocyte may not be an essential component in the pathogenesis of estrogen deficiency osteopenia. The contribution of circulating T-lymphocytes as well as other T-lymphocyte–rich organs needs to be explored further.
Temporal separation of the migration of distinct myogenic precursor populations into the developing chick wing bud

The developing chick limb bud contains several stage-specific populations of muscle colony-forming (MCF) cells. The cell lineage relationships of these populations are not completely understood, but previous studies have suggested that there may be at least two myogenic precursor populations present in the limb bud. To investigate the heterogeneity of the precursor population, the migration of myogenic precursor cells into the wing anlagen was stopped at various times by grafting stage 15-18 wing buds to the flank or chorioallantoic membrane regions of host embryos. The grafted wings were subsequently assayed for the various MCF cell populations. The data provide further support for the existence of two distinct myogenic precursor populations that migrate into the wing anlagen at different times; precursors to early MCF cells are present by stage 15, whereas precursors to late MCF cells are not present until the end of stage 16. The fact that wing buds which are grafted to a foreign location at stage 15 exhibit exclusive development of early MCF cells suggests that late MCF cells are not direct cell lineage descendants of either the early-type precursors or early MCF cells.
Objective assessment of clinical computerized thermal images

The efficacy of diagnostic thermal imaging, the visualization of abnormal distribution of temperature over the human skin, can be significantly augmented by computerized image processing procedures that overcome the limitations of subjective image assessment. This paper reviews diagnostic thermal imaging and describes common image processing approaches applicable to the analysis of static thermal images and of time series of images that provide diagnostic information about the dynamics of neurological regulation of skin temperature.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Equilibrium A-B Transition in Low Density Aerogels

We have measured in detail the NMR spectra of superfluid 3 He inside two different silica aerogels, one with a porosity of 99.3% and the other 98.6%. From these spectra, we are able to determine the equilibrium A-B transition temperatures in both aerogel samples as a function of hydrostatic pressure. We find that the slope of the reduced A-B transition temperature, 1- TAB/Tc, vs. pressure is only about one third that seen for the bulk A-B transition, despite the fact the Tc for the two samples is suppressed very modestly, by only 4% and 8% at 34 bars. We argue from this that the presence of the aerogel stabilizes an equal-spin pairing which is district from that stable in the bulk.
Characterization of a retrovirus that cross-reacts serologically with canine and human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Abstract This report characterizes the SP104 virus, which was previously shown to contain an antigen that cross-reacts with an antigen present on surfaces of blood lymphocytes of human and canine patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Morphologically, the virus was a Type C particle. By physicochemical characterization it was a typical retrovirus with a bouyant density of 1.15–1.17 g/cm 3 , high molecular weight RNA and RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. The virus had antigens that cross-reacted with p30, gp71, p12, and p15 of other murine retroviruses. Biologically, SP104 was characterized as a murine B-tropic virus that was only weakly oncogenic but highly efficient in eliciting the production of antinuclear antibody in mice. Nucleic acid hybridization experiments indicated that the RNA of SP104 virus had only partial identity with the other murine leukemia viruses tested. There was no evidence that the genetic sequences found in the SP104 virus were present in tissues from canine or human patients with SLE.
Rose Corrigan. Up Against a Wall: Rape Reform and the Failure of Success

Academic feminists have long regarded the reform of rape law as a central success story of the second wave. But was it? In this book, political scientist and former direct service provider Rose Corrigan offers a fascinating analysis of the success of early rape reform and its less-than-successful aftermath, based on extensive interviews that she conducted with 167 rape care advocates from 112 local rape crisis centers in urban, suburban, and rural areas in six states across the country. These interviews form the basis of her assessment that rape law reform detrimentally affected feminist ideology and rape care advocacy. Feminists of the 1970s saw rape as an expression of gender inequality, a problematic practice of male-dominant society. The reforms they sought “changed the legal definitions of rape, challenged myths about victims and offenders, and introduced standards of procedural fairness in criminal proceedings” (34). Yet, Corrigan argues, over time these reforms came to foster the interests of criminal justice and health care professionals, often decentering the interests of rape victims, as well as feminist interests in continuing to combat gender inequality. Her interviews with rape crisis center (RCC) advocates provide significant evidence of “continued widespread resistance of community institutions to taking rape seriously,” ranging from “overwhelming resistance, reluctance, and even outright contempt from legal and medical systems” (3,4). RCC advocates recount shocking accounts of rape victims sitting for hours in hospital emergency rooms staffed by medical professionals who often would rather look away than offer timely treatment and law enforcement professionals whose continued belief in myths about “real rape” lead them to
Absorption cross sections for NO3 between 565 and 673 nm

Abstract Absorption cross sections for NO 3 in the wavelength region of 565–673 nm have been measured using a tunable dye laser. NO 3 was generated by the reaction of F with HNO 3 in a discharge flow tube and its concentration was determined by titration with NO. The measured cross sections are compared with literature values.
Hepatic microsomal N-oxidation and N-demethylation of N,N-dimethylaniline in red-winged blackbird compared with rat and other birds

Abstract Hepatic microsomes prepared from red-winged blackbirds ( Agelaius phoeniceus ) and albino rats were incubated with N , N -dimethylaniline (DMA)_in complete incubation mixtures at pH 7.9 and 37°C for 10 min. Formaldehyde and N , N -dimethylaniline- N -oxide produced from DMA were measured. Redwings were found to have significantly lower N -demethylation activities than rats, and redwings had only marginal or no N -oxidation activities. Hepatic microsomes from redwings did not further metabolize the N -oxide. The N -oxidation and N -demethylation activities of brown-headed cowbirds ( Molothrus ater ), common grackles ( Quiscalus quiscula ), and starlings ( Sturnus vulgaris ) were similar to those of redwings.
Lewis Carroll's ciphers: The literary connections

Charles L. Dodgson, who lectured on mathematics at Christ Church in Oxford University, constructed ciphers that were state of the art in his time. In poems and letters he demonstrated a great talent for creating acrostics and anagrams. In this paper I describe the ciphers closely and argue that their creation was intertwined with his word game inventions.
The stability of Fe-Mg chlorites in hydrothermal solutions: II. Thermodynamic properties

The hydrothermal stabilities of a low-Fe clinochlore and a high-Mg chamosite, in the presence of kaolinite, were investigated recently at T ⩽ 200°C and ${P_{\rm{v}}} = {P_{{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{O}}}}$ (Aja and Small, 1999; Aja and Dyar, 2002). Standard state thermodynamic properties ( $S_{298}^0$ , ${\Delta _f}H_{1,298}^0$ and ${\Delta _f}G_{1,298}^0$ ) have been obtained for the two chlorites whose structural formulae are ( ${\rm{A}}{{\rm{l}}_{2.33}}{\rm{Fe}}_{1.00}^{2 + }{\rm{Fe}}_{0.14}^{3 + }{\rm{C}}{{\rm{a}}_{0.02}}{\rm{M}}{{\rm{n}}_{0.01}}{\rm{N}}{{\rm{i}}_{0.02}}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{r}}_{0.01}}{\rm{M}}{{\rm{g}}_{8.40}}{\square _{0.07}}$ ) (Si5.66Al2.34)O20(OH)16 and ( ${\rm{Fe}}_{0.60}^{3 + }{\rm{Fe}}_{5.43}^{2 + }{\rm{M}}{{\rm{g}}_{2.30}}{\rm{A}}{{\rm{l}}_{2.98}}{\rm{M}}{{\rm{n}}_{0.05}}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{a}}_{0.03}}{\rm{Z}}{{\rm{n}}_{0.01}}{\square _{0.60}}$ )(Si5.63Al2.37)O20(OH)16. For the low-Fe clinochlore, the respective thermochemical properties are 430 J mol−1 K−1, −8770.64±35.24 kJ mol−1, and −8120.54±32.63 kJ mol−1. ${\Delta _f}\;\;H_{1,298}^0$ , ${\Delta _f}G_{1,298}^0$ and ${\rm{S}}_{298}^0$ , similarly obtained for the Windsor chamosite are −7851.29±23.14 kJ mol−1, −7271.01±21.43 kJ mol−1 and 668±5 J mol−1K−1, respectively. Ideal site-mixing models of chlorite composition, along the chamosite-clinochlore binary, fail to model satisfactorily these chlorite-fluid equilibria only at lower temperatures (T <175°C). The magnitudes of the excess thermodynamic properties calculated for these chlorites, within the ternary clinochlore-daphnite-sudoite system, suggest significant deviations from ideality.
Stereoselective synthesis of d-erythro- and l-threo-sphinganines via palladium-catalyzed equilibration and Suzuki coupling

Abstract The Pd-catalyzed isomerization of 5-vinyloxazolines was utilized for the stereoselective synthesis of d - erythro - and l - threo -spinganine triacetate. A hydroboration/Suzuki coupling sequence was employed to elongate the hydrophobic chain.
Segmentation and dorsoventral patterning in Tribolium

Abstract Embryos of the red flour beetle,Tribolium castaneum, develop from a short germ rudiment, composed of terminal, head, and thoracic primordia covered by extra-embryonic membranes. In contrast, forDrosophila melanogaster, the entire body plan is contained within a long germ band and the extra-embryonic membranes are reduced to a patch of cells on the dorsal surface. While the maternal and zygotic gene systems that direct embryogenesis in Drosophila are the best understood developmental pathways to date, the extent to which they are employed in other insects is just being realized. Homologs of maternal coordinate genes have yet to be found outside the Diptera. However, gap (hunchback, Kruppel), anterior gap (orthodenticle) and pair-rule gene homologs (hairy, runt, fushi tarazu, even-skipped) are expressed in Tribolium blastoderm embryos. Segment-polarity gene homologs (engrailed, wingless) are expressed at parasegmental borders, and homeotic gene homologs regulate regional identity along the anterior–posterior axis. In addition, homologs of dorsoventral (D–V) patterning genes (decapentapelegic, zerknullt, twist, snail) are expressed early in development. Thus, homologs of the Drosophila segmentation gene pathway, anterior head development, and D–V patterning system appear to function in similar regulatory networks in Tribolium. Although the genetic mechanisms involved appear to predate the radiation of holometabolous insects, differences in expression patterns reflect evolutionary adaptations to different morphological modes of development. The tractability of genetic analysis in Tribolium offers the potential to study the functional significance of these changes.
Relating variation of dust on snow to bare soil dynamics in the western United States

The deposition of desert dust to mountain snow directly impacts the hydrologic cycle and water resource management through the depression of snow albedo and acceleration of snowmelt. However, the key processes that control the variation of dust deposition to snow are poorly understood. Here we relate the bare soil exposure from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) reflectance data for the period of 2002?2011, with dust loading in snow at downwind mountain sites in southern Colorado, the United States. We found that, for many pixels, remotely sensed fraction of bare soil in the dust-emitting area is significantly correlated with end-of-season dust concentrations in snow, and that the highest number of significantly correlated pixels in the dust-source area corresponds well with the period of peak dust deposition in the mountain snow (April?May). This analysis indicates that surface conditions in the dust-source area may provide first-order controls on emission of dust and deposition of that dust to the mountain snowcover. A preliminary analysis of precipitation records indicates that bare ground cover is strongly affected by prior rainfall in the months preceding the dust-emission season.
Insecticidal imino acids in leaves of Calliandra

Abstract Six amino acid components of the free amino acid pool of leaves of Calliendra species were tested for insticidal activity against a polyphagous herbivore Spodoptera frugiperda. Pipecolic acid, trans- 5-hydroxypipecolic acid, acetylaminopipecolic acid, trans-cis- 4,5-dihydroxypipecolic acid, trans-trans- 4,5-dihydroxypipecolic acid and the protein imino acid proline were incorporated into artificial diets. Negative effects on growth, metamorphosis, and survival were observed at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 5.0% of the total diet.
Venous thromboembolism after trauma: a never event?*.

stimated rates of venous throm -boembolism (VTE) after trau-ma, range from 0.22% (1) to as high as 58% in patients not receiving pharmacologic prophylaxis (2). The multiple risk factors include age, pri-or VTE history, injury patterns, prolonged immobilization, mechanical ventilation, massive transfusions, femoral central lines, and prolonged operation (3–7). The risk assessment profile (RAP), described by Greenfield et al (8) and validated in other studies (6, 9), was developed to assign the level of VTE risk after trauma.Many national agencies, including the Joint Commission and the Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality, have suggested VTE rates should be used as a quality care metric (10). On July 31, 2008, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (11) included ten categories of hospital-acquired conditions selected as “reasonably preventable.” As of October 2008, foreign objects retained after sur-gery, blood incompatibility, catheter-as-sociated urinary tract infections, certain surgical site infections, and VTEs after major orthopedic procedures have had re -imbursement restrictions imposed (12). The most recent revision of Medicare
Temporal Factors of EEG and Artificial Neural Network Classifiers of Mental Workload

The use of machine learning algorithms to classify Mental Workload (MW) from various neurophysiological measures is a growing trend in Human Factors research. Several teams have demonstrated that artificial neural networks (ANNs) can be employed to differentiate highly-dimensional neurophysiological data from participants performing tasks at different levels of cognitive demand in many experimental paradigms. Yet, in other cases, classifier performance was found not to exceed chance levels. One inescapable aspect of neurophysiological measures is the time course associated with data collection. This study directly examined the effect of time on classifier performance. Relative classifier performance values were compared for ANNs trained with EEG data from participants performing a verbal/spatial n-back task at varying load levels. For the vast majority of participants, classifiers trained with data from one session were ineffective when tested with data from a subsequent session. Similarly, classification...
Co-stimulation of Promoter for Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Gene by Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein and Sp1 Is Specifically Disrupted by the Yin Yang 1 Protein

Sterol regulation of gene expression in mammalian cells is mediated by an interaction between the cholesterol-sensitive sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) and promoter-specific but generic co-regulatory transcription factors such as Sp1 and NF-Y/CBF. Thus, sterol-regulated promoters that require different co-regulatory factors could be regulated independently through targeting the specific interaction between the SREBPs and the individual co-regulatory proteins. In the present studies we demonstrate that transiently expressed yin yang 1 protein (YY1) inhibits the SREBP-mediated activation of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor in a sensitive and dose-dependent manner. The inhibition is independent of YY1 binding directly to the LDL receptor promoter, and we show that the same region of YY1 that interacts in solution with Sp1 also interacts with SREBP. Furthermore, other SREBP-regulated genes that are not co-regulated by Sp1 are either not affected at all or are not as sensitive to the repression. Thus, the specific interaction that occurs between SREBPs and Sp1 to stimulate the LDL receptor promoter is a specific target for inhibition by the YY1 protein, and we provide evidence that the mechanism can be at least partially explained by the ability of YY1 to inhibit the interaction between SREBP and Sp1 in solution in vitro. The LDL receptor is the key gene of cholesterol uptake, and the rate-controlling genes of cholesterol synthesis are stimulated by the concerted action of SREBPs along with coregulators that are distinct from Sp1. Therefore, repression of gene expression through specifically targeting the interaction between SREBP and Sp1 would provide a molecular mechanism to explain how cholesterol uptake can be regulated independently from cholesterol biosynthesis in mammalian cells.
Icing tunnel tests of a glycol-exuding porous leading edge ice protection system on a general aviation airfoil

A glycol-exuding porous leading edge ice protection system was tested. Results show that the system is very effective in preventing ice accretion (anti-ice mode) or removing ice from an airfoil. Minimum glycol flow rates required for anti-icing are a function of velocity, liquid water content in the air, ambient temperature, and droplet size. Large ice caps were removed in only a few minutes using anti-ice flow rates. It was found that the shed time is a function of the type of ice, size of the ice cap, angle of attack, and glycol flow rate. Wake survey measurements show that there is no significant drag penalty for the installation or operation of the system tested.
Relative perturbation theory. III. More bounds on eigenvalue variation

Abstract Classically, the relative error in \ ga = α(1 + δ) as an approximation to α is measured by δ = ( relative error in \ ga) = ( a - α) α . The quantity −log10|δ| is usually used for the number of correct decimal digits in numerical results, although this δ-measure is clearly not a metric, since it lacks symmetry between α and \ ga. In part I of this series, two other kinds of relative distances which have much better mathematical properties have been introduced and employed to establish theories. It is shown that these different measurements are topologically equivalent. However, the δ-measure is more convenient to use in practice. In this part, we established relative perturbation bounds directly using the classical measure. The new bounds for diagonalizable matrices are cleaner than the corresponding ones in part I and yield nice bounds for Hermitian matrices, too. But when applied to nonnegative definite Hermitian matrices, the new bounds are weaker than those in part I.
Perceived career compromise, affect and work-related satisfaction in college students

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of career compromise on positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA), and work-related satisfaction (WRS). Career compromise refers to the modification of occupational preferences under pressing external circumstances [Gottfredson, L. S. (1981). Circumscription and compromise: A developmental theory of occupational aspirations [Monograph]. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 28 , 549–579]. Prior research has shown that career compromise leads to diminished satisfaction and higher depression [Carr, D. (1997). The fulfillment of career dreams at midlife: Does it matter for women’s mental health? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 38 , 331–344; Hesketh, B., & McLachlan, K. (1991). Career compromise and adjustment among graduates in the banking industry. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 19 , 191–208; Ocansey, F. (2000). Career compromise and adjustment among non-professional graduate teachers. Ife Psychologia, 8 , 84–95]. Based on Gottfredson’s Theory of Circumscription and Compromise, Higgins’ [Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94 , 319–340] Self-Discrepancy Theory, and Michalos’ [Michalos, A. C. (1985). Multiple Discrepancies Theory (MDT). Social Indicators Research, 16 , 347–413] Multiple Discrepancies Theory career compromise was expected to have a positive relationship with NA, and a negative relationship with PA and WRS. It was also expected that the larger the career compromise, the more pronounced the effects. Participants consisted of 188 college students assigned to four compromise conditions (no compromise, minor, moderate, and major compromise) and presented with a hypothetical career option, whose desirability they had rated previously. The hypotheses were confirmed. Linear trend analysis showed that the higher the degree of compromise, the higher the NA, the lower the PA, and the lower the WRS. This study provides an extension to Gottfredson’s theory and constitutes a springboard for further exploration of the effects of career compromise.
Tracking Studies on the Effects of Magnet Multipoles on the Aperture of the RHIC Heavy Ion Collider

Tracking studies including the effects of random multipoles resulting from construction errors have been made for RHIC with two independent tracking programs at three different tunes. The studies were made using ten different sets of random errors for each of the programs. The aperture was defined as the worst case, and the results of the two programs are in good agreement. A second set of studies was made for which the number of dipoles was doubled to determine whether doubling the number of independent random errors results in a reduction of the effects or random multipoles. The results for the two cases, one dipole per half cell and two dipoles per half cell, indicate there is little difference in dynamic aperture.
Impacts of Fire and Fire Surrogate treatments on forest soil properties: a meta-analytical approach

The soils underlying the 12 Fire and Fire Surrogates Network include six soil orders and .50 named soil series. Across the network, pretreatment soils varied from 3.7 to 7.1 in pH, and exhibited ranges of twofold in bulk density, fourfold in soil organic C (SOC) content, 10-fold in total inorganic N (TIN), and 200-1000-fold in extractable Ca and K. Nonmetric multidimensional (NMS) ordination of pretreatment soil conditions arrayed the FFS sites along gradients of pH/base cation status, net N transformation rates, bulk density, and SOC. At the network scale, mineral soil exposure was significantly greater in fire-only (mean of 9.2%) and mechanical þ fire (5.0%) treatments than in the controls (1.5%) during the first posttreatment year, and this persisted through the later sampling year (second through fourth year, depending on site) in the fire-only treatment (fire 4.1%, control 1.1%). Bulk density was not affected significantly at the network scale. TIN concentrations during the first posttreatment year increased after all three manipulative treatments, but this effect did not persist to the later sampling year. Neither SOC content nor soil C:N ratio was affected by any of the treatments at the network scale. At the individual site scale, the combined mechanical þ fire treatment produced more significant site 3 treatment 3 year effects than did the fire-only or mechanical-only treatments, though in most cases even the statistically significant differences produced by the manipulative treatments were modest in magnitude. Ordination of first-year standardized effect sizes produced no discernable separation of the three manipulative treatments but did separate the three sites with the greatest fire severity (based on proportional fuel consumption) from the majority of the network sites, with changes in pH, TIN, SOC content, and soil C:N ratio correlating most strongly with this separation. Ordination of the effect sizes from the later sampling year produced somewhat clearer separation of treatments than did the first-year ordination, though fewer sites were represented in this second ordination. Overall, the network-wide effects of the FFS treatments on soil properties appear to have been modest and transient.
Electrical resistivity-constitution relationships in Ti-Fe and Ti-Ni alloys

The influence of minor modifications in constitution on the temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) of beta stabilized titanium-base alloys is demonstrated for binary alloys with iron and nickel. Correlations with constitutional data are reviewed to show that the negativity of TCR occurs over a narrow composition range, corresponding to the threshold for 100% beta stabilization. The results for Ti-Fe and Ti-Ni alloys show that slow quenching rates leading to diffusional transformers, such as the alpha and/or omega phase-precipitation reactions, cause the TCR to increase toward positive values.
AN OPERATOR FORMALISM FOR UNITARY MATRIX MODELS

We analyze the double scaling limit of unitary matrix models in terms of trigonometric orthogonal polynomials on the circle. In particular we find a compact formulation of the string equation at the kth multicritical point in terms of pseudodifferential operators and a corresponding action principle. We also relate this approach to the mKdV hierarchy which appears in the analysis in terms of conventional orthogonal polynomials on the circle.
Effect Of Maternal HIV Infection On Child Survival In Ghana

The purpose of this study was to measure the association between maternal HIV infection and infant mortality in Ghana. Using a censored synthetic cohort life table based on the birth history of 3,639 childbirths during 1999–2003 obtained from the interviews of a nationally representative sample of 5,691 women age 15–49 in 6,251 households in the 2003 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. The survey collected demographic, socioeconomic, and health data of the respondents as well as obtained voluntary counseling test for HIV infection from all eligible women. The effects of maternal HIV status and other factors on infant mortality were estimated using multivariate survival regression analysis and the results are presented as Hazard Ratios (HR) with 95% confident interval (95% CI). Children born to HIV infected mothers were three times as likely to die during infancy as those born to uninfected mothers (HR=3.01; 95% CI: 1.64, 5.50). Controlling for other factors affecting infant mortality further sharpens this relationship (HR=3.51; 95% CI: 1.87, 6.61). Not receiving antenatal care, low birth weight, and living in households that use high pollution cooking fuels were associated with a higher risk of infant mortality. Maternal HIV status is a strong predictor of infant mortality in Ghana, independent of several other factors. The results of this study suggest that HIV/AIDS epidemic has had great impact on child well-being and child survival. This impact tends to increase as the HIV/AIDS epidemic matures and infection in adults increases.
Thermal imaging and power mapping at IBM

By careful control of chip cooling conditions and accurate modeling, the images produced by a typical IR camera — which show radiant intensity, and thus temperature, as a function of position — can be utilized to derive considerably more information than simple hotspot location. The focus of this work is to review in detail a practical method by which a quantitative map of power density can be produced by de-convolving the thermal map with the local heating point spread function. The resulting power density maps can then be used to predict the chip temperature under a range of conditions, for example, minimum and maximum ambient air temperature, air flow, thickness variations in the heat sink or thermal interface material, etc. In this way, the worst case chip temperature can be estimated under the prevailing constraints. A primary objective of the early work described here was to produce estimates of on-chip temperatures in the system, for a range of expected manufacturing variations in packaging. In addition, we comment on some tradeoffs involved when applying these techniques to other situations.
Application of pulsed spark discharge for precipitation of calcium carbonate and prevention of mineral fouling in heat exchangers

One of the challenges in the production of electricity is the cooling water management because the calcium content in circulating cooling water continues to increase with time as pure water evaporates. Thus, the excessive mineral contents in water circulation systems could cause severe fouling in heat transfer equipment. To avoid the catastrophic failure in condensers, the cooling water is discharged after 3 cycles at a rate of 10 million gallons a day in a 1,000-MW thermoelectric power plant. The objective of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of using plasma discharge in water to precipitate excess calcium for the prevention of mineral fouling in condensers. The plasma discharge used in the present study utilized microsecond duration pulse spark discharge in water with a voltage up to 30,000 V and a typical peak-peak current of 100 A.
Cross-talk Phosphorylations by Protein Kinase C and Pho85p-Pho80p Protein Kinase Regulate Pah1p Phosphatidate Phosphatase Abundance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Yeast Pah1p is the phosphatidate phosphatase that catalyzes the penultimate step in triacylglycerol synthesis and plays a role in the transcriptional regulation of phospholipid synthesis genes. The enzyme is multiply phosphorylated, some of which is mediated by Pho85p-Pho80p, Cdc28p-cyclin B, and protein kinase A. Here, we showed that Pah1p is a bona fide substrate of protein kinase C; the phosphorylation reaction was time- and dose-dependent and dependent on the concentrations of ATP (Km = 4.5 μm) and Pah1p (Km = 0.75 μm). The stoichiometry of the reaction was 0.8 mol of phosphate/mol of Pah1p. By combining mass spectrometry, truncation analysis, site-directed mutagenesis, and phosphopeptide mapping, we identified Ser-677, Ser-769, Ser-773, and Ser-788 as major sites of phosphorylation. Analysis of Pah1p phosphorylations by different protein kinases showed that prephosphorylation with protein kinase C reduces its subsequent phosphorylation with protein kinase A and vice versa. Prephosphorylation with Pho85p-Pho80p had an inhibitory effect on its subsequent phosphorylation with protein kinase C; however, prephosphorylation with protein kinase C had no effect on the subsequent phosphorylation with Pho85p-Pho80p. Unlike its phosphorylations by Pho85p-Pho80p and protein kinase A, which cause a significant reduction in phosphatidate phosphatase activity, the phosphorylation of Pah1p by protein kinase C had a small stimulatory effect on the enzyme activity. Analysis of phosphorylation-deficient forms of Pah1p indicated that protein kinase C does not have a major effect on its location or its function in triacylglycerol synthesis, but instead, the phosphorylation favors loss of Pah1p abundance when it is not phosphorylated with Pho85p-Pho80p.
Generating adjectives to express the speaker's argumentative intent

We address the problem of generating adjectives in a text generation system. We distinguish between usages of adjectives informing the hearer of a property of an object and usages expressing an intention of the speaker, or an argumentative orientation. For such argumentative usages, we claim that a generator cannot simply map from information in the knowledge base to adjectives. Instead, we identify various knowledge sources necessary to decide whether to use an adjective, what adjective should be selected and what syntactic function it should have. We show how these decisions interact with lexical properties of adjectives and the syntax of the clause. We propose a mechanism for adjective selection and illustrate it in the context of the explanation component of the ADVISOR expert system. We describe an implementation of adjective selection using a version of Functional Unification Grammars.
Hypotheses for the origin and early evolution of triterpenoid cyclases

Hopanes and steranes are found almost universally in the sedimentary rock record where they often are used as proxies for aerobic organisms, metabolisms, and environments. In order to interpret ancient lipid signatures confidently we require a complementary understanding of how these modern biochemical pathways evolved since their conception. For example, generally it has been assumed that hopanoid biosynthesis was an evolutionary predecessor to steroid biosynthesis. Here we re-evaluate this assumption. Using a combined phylogenetic and biochemical perspective, we address the evolution of polycyclic triterpenoid biosynthesis and suggest several constraints on using these molecules as aerobic biomarkers. Amino acid sequence data show that the enzymes responsible for polycyclic triterpenoid biosynthesis (i.e. squalene and 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclases) are homologous. Numerous conserved domains correspond to active sites in the enzymes that are required to complete the complex cyclization reaction. From these sites we develop an evolutionary analysis of three independent characters to explain the evolution of the major classes of polycyclic triterpenoids. These characters are: (i) the number of unfavourable anti-Markovnikov ring closures, (ii) all-chair (CCC) or chairboat-chair (CBC) substrate conformation, and (iii) the choice between squalene and 2,3-oxidosqualene as the substrate. We use these characters to construct four competing phylogenies to describe the evolution of polycyclic triterpenoid biosynthesis. The analysis suggests that malabaricanoids would be the most ancient polycyclic triterpenoids. The two most parsimonious evolutionary trees are the ones in which hopanoid and steroid cyclases diverged from a common ancestor. The transition from a CCC- to CBC-fold marks the major divergence in the evolution of these pathways, and it is diagnosable in the geological record. However, this transition does not require the simultaneous adoption of the aerobic substrate, 2,3-oxidosqualene, because these characters are controlled by independent parts of the enzyme.
Series connected IGCT based three-level Neutral Point Clamped voltage source inverter pole for high power converters

This paper reports design and experimental verification of series connected 4.5kV, 4kA IGCT based high power three-level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) inverter pole. A simplified EMTDC model of a three level NPC inverter pole for different switching transitions based on experimental results is presented which is used for designing of RC snubber circuit for the IGCT switches. Dynamic voltage sharing issues and advantages of series connected 4.5kV, 4kA IGCT for high power 12 MVA three-level NPC inverter pole are investigated. Experimental results are presented for two three level NPC inverter poles operated as H-bridge with three series connected 4.5kV, 4kA IGCT per switch.
Search for sulfur (H/sub 2/S) on Jupiter at millimeter wavelengths

The authors observed Jupiter at two wavelengths near 1.4 mm in an attempt to detect gaseous hydrogen sulfide (H/sub 2/S) or place new upper limits on its abundance in Jupiter's atmosphere. Although they were not successful in detecting H/sub 2/S, they report the first brightness temperature observations of Jupiter at 1.4 mm with a spectral resolution of approximately 1 GHz using Mars as the calibration standard. The methodology and results of a laboratory experiment in which the authors measured H/sub 2/S absorption at 1.4 mm in a simulated Jovian atmosphere (predominantly H/sub 2/ and He) are discussed. The results of the laboratory measurements are applied to a radiative transfer model, which is used to interpret the observations of Jupiter. >
Pediatric spinal trauma

Spine fractures are rare in the pediatric population. Children have different injury patterns compared with adults secondary to distinct anatomic and biomechanical features in the immature spine. Upper cervical spine injuries are more common in children 8 years or less and lower cervical spine injuries are more common in children over 8 years. Young children have a disproportionately large head and should be transported on a specialized backboard to prevent excessive neck flexion. Initial assessment consists of a thorough history, physical examination and plain radiographs. Normal radiographic variants in the pediatric spine can mimic injury and understanding of these parameters is critical. Unique pediatric injuries include fractures through the synchondrosis, apophyseal injuries and spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging may be helpful to further evaluate these injuries. Treatment consists of immobilization in an appropriate orthosis or sur...
Comparison of adaptive diversity receivers for TDMA digital mobile radio

This paper presents a rapid adaptive channel equalizer and diversity combining technique for application in the US digital cellular system. The equalizer operates adaptively in order to cope with the time-varying nature of the cellular/mobile radio channel and the burst structure of time division multiple access (TDMA) transmission. The performance of the equalizer for fading channel with and without diversity combining is investigated. Our simulation results indicate that this techniques is numerically stable and provides a powerful means to reduce the intersymbol interference (ISI) produced by the radio channel. >