cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rapid maximum likelihood classification

We describe an improved table look-up technique for performing rapid maximum likelihood classification on large images. The method provided a more than 20-fold reduction in classification time relative to standard algorithms in a three-band classification of a full Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) scene. While powerful, the improved algorithm is also simple, portable, and can run in limited memory desktop computer environments. The described algorithm significantly improves the practicality of large area land-cover classifications, such as those required for statewide and regional analyses
Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (ONJ) in Patients with Multiple Myeloma, Receiving Bisphosphonate Therapy, Is Independent of Renal Function: Single Institute Experience of an Emerging Clinical Problem.

Abstract Introduction: Use of bisphosphonate (zoledronic acid and pamidronate) for prevention of pathological fractures is standard of care in multiple myeloma (MM) patients with osteolytic bone lesions. While clinical trials have investigated effectiveness of these agents for up to 2 years of use, clinical practice has incorporated their use indefinitely. With improvement in survival through availability of novel agents in MM patients, the use of bisphosphonate therapy has also prolonged. Recent reports unveiled a new side effect of Bisphosphonate therapy i.e., ONJ, characterized by necrosis of the jawbone with antecedent subluxation or loss of the teeth and ulceration of the gum mucosa. The underlying etiology remains elusive, and in the absence of effective remedy ONJ has raised significant concerns upon the duration of treatment with Bisphosphonate. We investigated the magnitude of this problem among MM patients receiving Biphosphonate therapy at our institute. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with MM at our institute since 2001 who received bisphosphonate treatment and developed ONJ. Clinical characteristics, prior treatments and renal function prior to development of ONJ were evaluated. Results: Records of 20 pts who developed ONJ were reviewed. The median age of these pts was 57 (range 45–69). Among these, 9 were males, 11 were females. All pts (100%) had stage III MM. 11 patients (55%) received 2 or more antimyeloma treatment. 14 pts (70%) were on Zoledronic acid, 5 pts (25%) were on Pamidronate, and 1 pt (5%) was first on Zoledronic acid then switched to Pamidronate. Out of those 20 patients, 19 (95%) had normal renal function prior to and after development of ONJ, with Creatinine level range of (0.5–1). Only 1 patient (5%) had decreased renal function prior to development of ONJ, with Creatinine level of 6.6 Conclusion: Although the number of patients reported are small, experience at our center with ONJ in MM patients who were on Bisphosphonate failed to show any association with renal function. Interestingly all patients who developed ONJ were stage III MM. There are currently no established guidelines for prevention or treatment of this disorder.
Gene transfer to the human trabecular meshwork by anterior segment perfusion.

PURPOSE To determine whether adenovirus vectors are capable of transferring a foreign active protein to the perfused anterior segment of the human eye. METHODS Primary cultures from the human trabecular meshwork tissue were exposed to replication-deficient adenovirus Av1LacZ4 carrying the reporter beta-galactosidase gene driven by the Rous Sarcoma Virus promoter. Anterior segments of six pairs of human eyes from normal donors were placed in organ culture and were perfused with culture medium at 2.5 microl/min constant flow. After 24 hours, one eye was injected once with 8 X 10(8) plaque-forming units (20 microl) of the viral vector, while the paired eye was injected with vehicle. Forty-eight hours (four pairs) and 7 days (two pairs) after injection, tissues were fixed, were assayed histochemically for transferred enzyme activity, and were analyzed morphologically. RESULTS In monolayers, gene transfer occurs very efficiently in all distinct types of human outflow pathway cells. All human anterior segments injected with the adenovirus vector showed active gene transfer in cells of the outflow pathway: trabecular, juxtacanalicular, and inner wall of Schlemm's canal. Expression of the reporter enzyme was still present at 7 days after treatment. No activity was observed in any of the paired, vehicle-injected controls. Cell morphology and tissue architecture appeared normal in treated and control tissues, although some trabecular cell loss was observed in the corneoscleral and uveal regions of the perfused treated eyes. CONCLUSIONS Adenoviral vectors were able to transfer active foreign genes into perfused, intact human trabecular meshwork.
Effect of asphalt thin beams mixed with three nominal maximum aggregate sizes in the bending beam rheometer on the prediction of thermal properties of bituminous material

The objective of this research is to evaluate an impact of asphalt mixture beams with varying sizes of aggregate in the Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) for testing/predicting thermal cracking properties of asphalt pavements. The BBR test has following benefits: the equipment is cheaper, it uses smaller specimens, faster conditioning, easier availability for quality control, easier to manage, etc. However some concerns have been raised: some consider that the size of the aggregate may affect the test’s results; the other concern is that such small beams cannot represent the whole properties of the asphalt pavement. To address these criticisms, imaging techniques, statistical analysis, and viscoelastic modeling are used. Asphalt thin beams prepared with three different nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS) (12.5mm, 9.5 mm, and 4.75 mm) were tested at three different temperatures (-18°C, -24°C, and -30°C). Based on results from statistical analyses and viscoelasticity, the ratio of asphalt binders and voids and stiffness differences among the three NMAS specimens are not significant, meaning that the impact of asphalt thin beams prepared with the three NMAS on the prediction of thermal cracking is minimal and can be neglected.
Update on Fibroid Morcellation

Purpose of Review The aim of this paper is to review the risks associated with morcellation of uterine and fibroid tissue during minimally invasive surgery, and provide updated suggestions for practice.
The Semantics of Priapism and the First Sign of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

Priapism is defined as an erection that persists beyond four hours, lasting beyond or unrelated to sexual stimulation (Salonia et al., 2014). Because the risk of ischemic damage and impotence is high with priapism (35%), management guidelines are directed towards rapid treatment of this condition (Salonia et al., 2014). This report describes the rare case of an 18-year-old male who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) three times with recurrent and worsening episodes of sustained penile erections. On the patient’s third visit, he presented with priapism of greater than six-hour duration that was found to be the result of chronic myeloid leukemia. Clinician awareness of the diagnostic semantics and differential diagnosis surrounding priapism is pivotal in its urgent management.
The Interaction Effects of Social Norms and Dissatisfaction toward Drinking on Willingness to Visit and Comment on Binge Drinking Prevention Facebook

This study examines motivational factors (Facebook prevention-social norms and dissatisfaction with drinking experiences) to encourage college students to visit and comment on a binge drinking prev...
Fluorescence and reflectance measurements in the ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared using delta-doped silicon arrays with custom coating for medical applications (Conference Presentation)

Imaging and Imaging Spectroscopy in the ultraviolet (UV), visible, and near infrared (NIR) part have a wide range of applications in astrophysics, planetary studies, heliophysics, commercial and medical diagnostics. A major part of system performance is contributed by the detector metrics. JPL-developed sensors developed using 2D-doping and custom coatings provide high performance across the UV, visible, and NIR region of the spectrum. Applying these 2-D surface and interface engineering technologies to detector structures with gain (e.g., Avalanche Photodiodes or APDs or electron multiplying charged-coupled devices or EMCCDs) enables photon-counting capabilities in solid state format rather than image tube detectors. Initially developed for space exploration applications for detecting faint signals in harsh environments while using low voltage and low power, these high efficiency detectors can be repurposed for medical applications that have much of the same requirements. For example, endogenous and induced fluorescence signatures in tissues as emergent diagnostic tools for abnormal tissue behaviors can potentially be detected using these detectors with high efficiency. Using JPL high efficiency imaging arrays, transient fluorescence signatures could be detected with small amount of stimulation. This brings the added advantage of precise fluorescence signature quantification, without damage to the host organism or tissue. In this work, we present fluorescence detection of phantom samples that serve as proof of concept demonstration while calibrating the instrument.
Abstract TMP25: Brain-computer Interface Therapy for Upper Extremity Stroke Rehabilitation Induces Corticospinal Tract Changes That Track With Individual Behavioral Gains

Introduction: A better understanding of brain changes underlying functional gains with brain-computer interface (BCI) use in stroke rehabilitation is needed. Hypothesis: BCI therapy will produce observable neuroplastic changes, and behavioral gains will relate to changes in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics of the corticospinal tracts (CSTs). Methods: We obtained DTI and behavioral data from 16 stroke patients with upper extremity motor impairment before, during, and after BCI therapy. Additional DTI and behavior data were obtained from 9 control subjects at similar time intervals before receiving any BCI therapy. Behavioral measures included Stroke Impact Scale (SIS), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), 9-Hole Peg Test (9HPT), and grip strength. We performed deterministic tractography of the ipsilesional CST (iCST) and contralesional CST (cCST) and extracted DTI metrics (fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity, trace) from each. DTI and behavioral metrics were analyzed for changes from baseline between therapy and control groups. Individual changes in DTI metrics were analyzed for correlation with behavior changes during the therapy period. Results: Group by time interactions were identified in DTI metrics of the iCST, with multiple metrics increasing with therapy. Changes in individual SIS Activities of Daily Living and 9HPT scores correlated with individual changes in both the iCST and cCST. Similarly, changes in SIS Hand Function correlated with cCST changes, and changes in grip strength correlated with iCST changes. Correlations between changes in ARAT scores and cCST changes trended to significance. Correlations significant at p Conclusions: BCI therapy can induce structural neuroplastic changes during stroke recovery. These changes may be used to track both subjective and objective behavioral gains.
Multi-stage optimal PMU placement including substation infrastructure

Phaser measurement units (PMUs) significantly benefit the operation and control of power systems. They offer precise phaser measurements with a high refresh rate. These measurements are utilized for wide area measurement system (WAMS) to improve situational awareness and enhance the control infrastructure. In spite of these advantages, the industry has been slow to adopt PMU technology, largely due to the cost of PMUs and the communication infrastructure. However, judicious selection of PMU locations, through optimal placement of PMUs (OPP) enables the minimization of installation cost. There have been several approaches to solve the OPP; most of these approaches assume that the minimum number of PMUs achieves the minimum cost or consider the cost of PMUs without considering the communication infrastructure. This paper presents an OPP approach that considers both the communication infrastructure and the installation cost of PMUs. The proposed approach uses multi-stage installation where each stage is dependent on the cost set by the utility and not the number of PMUs. Higher priority buses can be chosen under the proposed approach. An opposition-based elitist binary genetic algorithm (O-BEBGA) is used to solve the OPP. The proposed approach is tested on the IEEE 14-bus, IEEE RTS and IEEE 30-bus test systems.
Pulmonary artery conduit in vivo dimensional requirements in a growing ovine model: comparisons with the ascending aorta.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY The pulmonary trunk (PT) structure and function are abnormal in multiple congenital cardiovascular diseases. Existing surgical treatments of congenital malformations of the right ventricular outflow tract and PT do not provide a long-term replacement that can adapt to normal growth. Although there is strong interest in developing tissue-engineered approaches for PT conduit replacement, there remains an absence of any complete investigation of the native geometric growth patterns of the PT to serve as a necessary benchmark. METHODS Eleven Dorset sheep (aged 4-12 months) underwent a single cardiac magnetic resonance imaging study, from which luminal arterial surface points were obtained using a novel semi-automated segmentation technique. The three-dimensional shapes of the PT and ascending aorta (AA) were measured over the same time period to gain insight into differences in the geometric changes between these two great vessels. RESULTS The volumetric growth of the PT appeared to be a linear function of age, whereas its surface geometry demonstrated non-uniform growth patterns. While tortuosity was maintained with age, the cross-sectional shape of the main pulmonary artery (MPA) evolved from circular in young animals to elliptical at 12 months. In addition, the distal MPA near the pulmonary artery bifurcation tapered with age. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that postnatal growth of the PT is not a simple proportionate (i.e. isotropic) size increase, but rather exhibits complex three-dimensional geometric features during somatic growth.
Correlation of immune infiltration of cytotoxic T cells and activated microglia in glioblastoma (GBM) post anti-PD1 therapy with response.

2055Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive malignancy of the central nervous system with an abysmal prognosis. Recent advances in immunotherapy, including anti-programmed cell death-1 (ant...
Likelihood of cesarean birth among parous women after applying leading active labor diagnostic guidelines

Abstract Objectives Hospital admission during early labor may increase women's risk for medical and surgical interventions. However, it is unclear which diagnostic guideline is best suited for identifying the active phase of labor among parous women. Dr. Emanuel Friedman, the United Kingdom's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists/Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (ACOG/SMFM) support different active labor diagnostic guidelines. Our aims were (1) to determine the proportions of parous women admitted to the hospital before or in active labor per these leading guidelines and (2) to compare associations of labor status at admission (i.e., early labor or active labor) with oxytocin augmentation, cesarean birth, and adverse birth outcomes when using the different active labor diagnostic guidelines. Design Active labor diagnostic guidelines were applied retrospectively to cervical examination data. Binomial logistic regression was used to assess associations of labor status at admission (i.e., early labor relative to active labor) and outcomes. Setting A large, academic, tertiary medical center in the Midwestern United States. Participants Parous women with spontaneous labor onset who gave birth to a single, cephalic-presenting fetus at term gestation between 2006 and 2010 ( n = 3,219). Findings At admission, 28.8%, 71.9%, and 24.4% of parous women were in active labor per Friedman, NICE, and ACOG/SMFM diagnostic guidelines, respectively. Oxytocin augmentation was more likely among women admitted in early labor, regardless of the diagnostic strategy used ( p Key conclusions Many parous women with spontaneous labor onset are admitted to the hospital before active labor. These women are more likely to receive oxytocin augmentation during labor and are more likely to have a cesarean birth. Implications for practice Diagnosing active labor prior to admission or prior to intervention aimed at speeding labor after admission may decrease likelihoods for primary cesarean births. The NICE dilation-rate based active labor diagnostic guideline is more inclusive than Friedman or ACOG/SMFM guidelines and its use may be the most clinically-useful for improving the likelihood of vaginal birth among parous women.
Validation and Comparison of Tools for Selecting Individuals to Screen for Barrett's Esophagus and Early Neoplasia.

Background & Aims Guidelines suggest endoscopic screening of individuals who are at increased risk for Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Tools based on clinical factors are available for identifying patients at risk, but only some have been validated. We aimed to compare and validate available tools. Methods We performed a prospective study of 1241 patients, ages 40 to 79 years, presenting either for their first esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or their first endoscopic therapy of early neoplastic BE, from April 2015 through June 2018. We calculated risk scores for 6 previously published tools (the Gerson, Locke, Thrift, Michigan BE pREdiction Tool [M-BERET], Nord-Trondelag Health Study [HUNT], and Kunzmann tools). We also investigated the accuracy of frequency and duration of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), using data from a randomly selected 50% of patients undergoing their first EGD. We compared the ability of all these tools to discriminate patients with BE and early neoplasia from patients without BE, using findings from endoscopy as the reference standard. Results BE was detected in 81 of 1152 patients during their first EGD (7.0%). GERD symptoms alone identified patients with BE with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AuROC) of 0.579. All of the tools were more accurate in identifying patients with BE than the frequency and duration of GERD (AuROC for GERD, 0.579 vs range for other tools, 0.660–0.695), and predicted risk correlated well with observed risk (calibration). The AUROCs of the HUNT tool (0.796), the M-BERET (0.773), and the Kunzmann tool (0.763) were comparable in discriminating between patients with early neoplasia (n = 94) vs no BE. Each tool was more accurate in discriminating BE with early neoplasia than GERD frequency and duration alone (AuROC, 0.667; P Conclusions The HUNT, M-BERET, and Kunzmann tools identify patients with BE with AuROC values ranging from 0.665 to 0.695, and discriminate patients with early neoplasia from patients without BE with AuROC values ranging from 0.763 to 0.796. These tools are more accurate than frequency and duration of GERD in identifying individuals at risk for neoplastic BE.
Obstacles and Opportunities Experienced by Adult Stepchildren in Later Life Stepfamilies

The present study examined adult stepchildren’s perspectives regarding their later life stepfamilies. Twenty-six adult stepchildren who experienced parental divorce and remarriage in adulthood, def...
Error Suppression and Error Correction in Adiabatic Quantum Computation: Techniques and Challenges

Adiabatic quantum computing (AQC) has intrinsic robustness to noise, but whether it's fault-tolerant---robust to all forms of noise---has not been explored. While fault tolerance through error correction is theoretically achievable in standard quantum computing, scientists show that it may not be achievable in AQC.
A Twisting Tale of Infective Endocarditis

We present a case of a unique complication of enterococcus endocarditis in an elderly man with a cardiac pacemaker who presented with low-grade fever and cough. He had no history of IV drug use. Blood cultures were positive for Enterococcus faecalis, Both trans-thoracic echo and trans-esophageal echo showed vegetation on the aortic valve. He was discharged on adequate antibiotic coverage but later presented again with near syncope. On cardiac monitoring, he was found to have episodes of torsades. Unlike heart failure or peri-valvular abscess, torsades is a rare complication of endocarditis. We aim to present a case report of a rare complication of infective endocarditis (IE) which if not identified timely, can lead to lethal outcomes. Unfortunately, our patient did not survive, but we learnt that though rare, we should always anticipate rhythm problems such as torsades as complications of endocarditis and should promptly treat with magnesium and antiarrhythmic drugs such as lidocaine if needed.
Labeling a TCO-functionalized single domain antibody fragment with 18F via inverse electron demand Diels Alder cycloaddition using a fluoronicotinyl moiety-bearing tetrazine derivative.

Abstract Single domain antibody fragments (sdAbs) exhibit a rapid tumor uptake and fast blood clearance amenable for labeling with 18F (t½ = 110 min) but suffer from high kidney accumulation. Previously, we developed a method for 18F-labeling of sdAbs via trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-tetrazine (Tz) inverse electron demand Diel’s Alder cycloaddition reaction (IEDDAR) that incorporated a renal brush border enzyme (RBBE)-cleavable linker. Although >15 fold reduction in kidney activity levels was achieved, tumor uptake was compromised. Here we investigate whether replacing the [ 18 F]AlF-NOTA moiety with [ 18 F]fluoronicotinyl would rectify this problem. Anti-HER2 sdAb 5F7 was first derivatized with a TCO-containing agent that included the RBBE-cleavable linker GlyLys (GK) and a PEG chain, and then subjected to IEDDAR with 6-[ 18 F]fluoronicotinyl-PEG4-methyltetrazine to provide [ 18 F]FN-PEG4-Tz-TCO-GK-PEG4-5F7 ([ 18 F]FN-GK-5F7). For comparisons, a control lacking GK linker and 5F7 labeled using residualizing N-succinimidyl 3-guanidinomethyl-5-[125I]iodobenzoate (iso-[125I]SGMIB) also were synthesized. Radiochemical purity, affinity (KD) and immunoreactive fraction of [ 18 F]FN-GK-5F7 were 99%, 5.4 ± 0.7 nM and 72.5 ± 4.3%, respectively. Tumor uptake of [ 18 F]FN-GK-5F7 in athymic mice bearing subcutaneous SKOV3 xenografts (3.7 ± 1.2% ID/g and 3.4 ± 1.0% ID/g at 1 h and 3 h, respectively) was 2- to 3-fold lower than for co-injected iso-[125I]SGMIB-5F7 (6.9 ± 1.9 %ID/g and 8.7 ± 3.0 %ID/g). However, due to its 6-fold lower kidney activity levels, tumor-to-kidney ratios for [ 18 F]FN-GK-5F7 were 3-4 times higher than those for co-injected iso-[125I]SGMIB-5F7 as well as those observed for the 18F conjugate lacking the RBBE-cleavable linker. Micro-PET/CT imaging of [ 18 F]FN-GK-5F7 in mice with SKOV-3 subcutaneous xenografts clearly delineated tumor as early as 1 h with minimal activity in the kidneys; however, there was considerable activity in gallbladder and intestines. Although the tumor uptake of [ 18 F]FN-GK-5F7 was unexpectedly disappointing, incorporating an alternative RBBE-cleavable linker into this labeling strategy may ameliorate this problem.
THE RACIAL/ETHNIC GAP IN FINANCIAL LITERACY IN THE POPULATION AND BY INCOME

We investigate the determinants of the racial/ethnic gap in financial literacy in the general population and within income classes, with a focus on childhood family circumstances and neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics. Our model explains 48% and 57% of the observed gap for Blacks and Hispanics, respectively. For both groups, differences in individual characteristics and neighborhood socioeconomic status contribute the most to the explained gap. The White–Minority gap narrows when moving from low‐ to high‐income classes, but the ability of the model to explain it decreases monotonically. Identifying which additional barriers put minorities at a disadvantage is key to improve financial literacy.
Image Quality-Based Regularization for Deep Network Ultrasound Beamforming

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have previously been used to perform adaptive beamforming and improve image quality compared to conventional delay-and-sum (DAS). Although effective, low training validation loss is often not correlated to improved image quality, making model selection difficult. This discrepancy is due to these DNNs being optimized to perform an intermediate beamforming step instead of being optimized to enhance image quality on fully reconstructed images. Therefore, selecting model hyperparameters that produce optimal image quality has needed to be random and exhaustive. To address this problem, we propose a beamforming-relevant, end-to-end training scheme by using contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) as a form of regularization. We compare a CNR-regularized DNN to a conventional DNN as well as DAS. When tested on simulated anechoic cysts, CNR-regularization resulted in 46% and 33% increases in CNR compared to the conventional DNN and DAS, respectively. When tested on in vivo data, CNR-regularization resulted in 68% and 25% increases in CNR compared to conventional DNN and DAS, respectively.
Testing Cosmological Models With A $\lya$ Forest Statistic: The High End Of The Optical Depth Distribution

We pay particular attention to the high end of the $\lya$ optical depth distribution of a quasar spectrum. Based on the flux distribution (Miralda-Escud\'e et al 1996), a simple yet seemingly cosmological model -differentiating statistic, $\Delta_{\tau_0}$ -- the cumulative probability of a quasar spectrum with $\lya$ optical depth greater than a high value $\tau_0$ -- is emphasized. It is shown that two different models -- the cold dark matter model with a cosmological constant and the mixed hot and cold dark matter model, both normalized to COBE and local galaxy cluster abundance -- yield quite different values of $\Delta_{\tau_0}$: 0.13 of the former versus 0.058 of the latter for $\tau_0=3.0$ at $z=3$. Moreover, it is argued that $\Delta_{\tau_0}$ may be fairly robust to compute theoretically because it does not seem to depend sensitively on small variations of simulations parameters such as radiation field, cooling, feedback process, radiative transfer, resolution and simulation volume within the plausible ranges of the concerned quantities. Furthermore, it is illustrated that $\Delta_{\tau_0}$ can be obtained sufficiently accurately from currently available observed quasar spectra for $\tau_0\sim 3.0-4.0$, when observational noise is properly taken into account. We anticipate that analyses of observations of quasar $\lya$ absorption spectra over a range of redshift may be able to constrain the redshift evolution of the amplitude of the density fluctuations on small-to-intermediate scales, therefore providing an independent constraint on $\Omega_0$, $\Omega_{0,HDM}$ and $\Lambda_0$.
New Governance Tune-Up: How Behavioral Insights Can Help Refine the New Governance Regulatory Narrative

In recent years, a number of legal scholars have advocated “new governance” approaches to regulation. New governance scholars eschew both traditional command-and-control and complete deregulation models, instead focusing on middle-ground hybrid approaches in which legal actors seek to emulate private-sector success stories. New governance narratives paint a sometimes rosy picture of the potential benefits of this kind of hybrid approach. This Article uses William Simon’s legal scholarship about Toyota as a jumping-off point to examine the framing of new governance narratives. New governance proposals often follow a particular story line, setting out empirical and case-study driven accounts of how to build a better mousetrap based on private-sector successes. This narrative structure is intuitive and is psychologically appealing. However, it may be prone to overstate causal connections, due to a variety of behavioral biases such as confirmation bias, hindsight bias, and representativeness heuristic. Scholars cognizant of these potential issues can better “tune up” the new governance framework.
Developing Empirical Latent Profiles of Impulsive Aggression and Mood in Youths across Three Outpatient Samples

Objective: Aggression with impulsivity and reactivity (AIR) may distinguish a subset of youth from those with attention problems, rule-breaking behavior, or mood disorders, potentially with differential treatment response. Yet, DSM-5 and ICD-10 do not include an AIR diagnosis. Thus, we empirically grouped youths into profiles based on AIR, manic, depressive, rule-breaking, and self-harm behaviors; examined which profiles replicated across three samples; and characterized profile sets on demographic and clinical features.Method: After harmonizing data from three samples (n = 679, n = 392, n = 634), Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) assigned youth to profiles based on caregiver-reported measures of AIR, manic, depressive, rule-breaking, and self-harm behaviors. Profiles from each sample were grouped into sets based on profile similarity. Analyses tested differences in diagnoses, sex, and race, age, functioning, and mood severity.Results: Eight-profile solutions fit best. Seven profiles replicated across samples: high AIR and self-harm, lower depressive and manic scores; high AIR, manic symptoms, and self-harm; high depression symptoms; three smaller sets with high manic and depressive symptoms and moderate AIR; and two high rates of bipolar diagnoses and family bipolar history. Two sets were high on both AIR and mood symptoms, were the most impaired, and had the highest comorbidity.Conclusions: Analyses support an empirical definition of AIR, separate from mood disorders. Profile sets distinguished by level of AIR and mood symptoms differed in demographic and diagnostic characteristics as well as functioning. Importantly, a set emerged with high AIR but low mood indicators and with high rates of ADHD and ODD, but not mood disorder.
“Opening eyes to real interprofessional education”: results of a national faculty development initiative focused on interprofessional education in oncology palliative care

The purpose of this study was to evaluate participants' feedback related to their experience in the Interprofessional Education Exchange (iPEX) program, a training initiative for faculty development in interprofessional oncology palliative care education. Participants voluntarily submitted a written reflection using a guide. The research team used qualitative content template analysis techniques to determine codes and categories based on the reflections and selected representative quotations (meaning units) from the data. Fifty-three reflections (100%) submitted by those completing the training were included in the analysis. The most appreciated aspects of the training were the opportunity for exchange of ideas and programs and the time allowed during the workshop for each team to work on developing their unique plan for interprofessional education (IPE) in oncology palliative care at their home institution. The iPEX program proved to be feasible, well-accepted, and valued by participants who reported personal, professional, and team growth and expressed appreciation for program support, content, and the exchange of ideas in a face-to-face setting. The results demonstrate that a faculty development program built on recommendations in the literature contributed to successful efforts to plan and initiate IPE in oncology palliative care.
The isomerisation of H2XY to HXYH (X, Y = O, S, and Se)*

Oxywater(H 2OO) is an intermediate in the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide (HOOH), and along with its relatives H 2SS and H 2SeSe, plays an important role in atmospheric and biochemical processes. In...
Communication of the Radiologic Findings

Communication errors are the fourth most frequent primary allegation in malpractice lawsuits against radiologists. 1 According to the most recent American College of Radiology (ACR) standards, 2 “Communication is a critical component of the art and science of medicine and is especially important in diagnostic radiology. An official report (see prior section) shall be generated following any examination, procedure, or officially request consultation…. The final written report is considered to be the definitive means of communicating the results of an imaging examination or procedure to the referring physician…. Other methods for direct or personal communication of results are encouraged in certain situations. The timeliness of reporting any radiologic examination varies with the nature and urgency of the clinical problem.” The following are some elements of communication that can lead to a malpractice lawsuit against a radiologist.
Regulation of Na+/K+-ATPase α1 and ß1 Expression in Epithelial Cells

In nearly all epithelia the Na+/K+-ATPase is confined to the basolateral membrane where it establishes the transepithelial Na+ gradient that drives the vectoral transport of solutes and ions across the epithelium. In some epithelial diseases such as polycystic kidney disease and ischemia the cell surface polarity of the Na+/K+-ATPase can be disrupted resulting in a loss of epithelial function and integrity (4,7). Though other investigators have examined Na+/K+-ATPase expression (3) and a subunit localization (1,2) in polarized cells, there is seldom reference as to the expression and cellular localization of the specific subunit isoforms. We have found by RNA and immunoblot analysis of Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and Caco-2 (human colon carcinoma) cells that both cell lines express only α1 and s1 isoforms (data not shown). Likewise in agreement with what other investigators have seen in MDCK cells using non-isoform specific antibodies (2), the α1 and s1 subunits are primarily localized to the lateral plasma membrane in both cell lines (data not shown). With this in mind, we wished to express the individual Na+/K+-ATPase subunits in polarized epithelial cells to elucidate the role of each isoform in directing cellular sorting of the enzyme and in turn to identify possible structural features of each subunit that may participate in determining the localization.
Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma

Type of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) with a nodular or nodular and diffuse growth pattern containing lymphocyte-predominant (LP) cells in a background of small reactive lymphocytes including many B-cells. Nodular lymphocyte-predominant (NLP) represents approximately 5 % of all cases of HL. The disease is usually localized to peripheral lymph nodes and the most frequent sites are the cervical or axillary regions. Spleen, liver, and bone marrow are rarely involved, unless transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has occurred. Nodular lymphocyte-predominant HL can affect patients of all ages, but most patients are young adults, between 30 and 50 years of age. There is a marked male predominance, with a male to female ratio up to 3 to 1 in some studies. Systemic symptoms, such as fever, weight loss, and night sweats are infrequent and the disease is clinically indolent.
Effect of methane leakage on the greenhouse gas footprint of electricity generation

For the purpose of generating electricity, what leakage rate renders the greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint of natural gas equivalent to that of coal? This paper answers this question using a simple model, which assumes that the comprehensive GHG footprint is the sum of the carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions resulting from (1) electricity generation and (2) natural gas leakage. The emissions resulting from electricity generation are taken from published life-cycle assessments (LCAs), whereas the emissions from natural gas leakage are estimated assuming that natural gas is 80 % methane, whose global warming potential (GWP) is calculated using equations provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Results, presented on a straightforward plot of GHG footprint versus time horizon, show that natural gas leakage of 2.0 % or 4.8 % eliminates half of natural gas’s GHG footprint advantage over coal at 20- or 100-year time horizons, respectively. Leakage of 3.9 % or 9.1 % completely eliminates the GHG footprint advantage at 20- and 100-year time horizons, respectively. A two-parameter power law approximation of the IPCC’s equation for GWP is utilized and gives equivalent results. Results indicate that leakage control is essential for natural gas to deliver a smaller GHG footprint than coal.
Neuropercolation: A Random Cellular Automata Approach to Spatio-temporal Neurodynamics

We outline the basic principles of neuropercolation, a generalized percolation model motivated by the dynamical properties of the neuropil, the densely interconnected neural tissue structure in the cortex. We apply the mathematical theory of percolation in lattices to analyze chaotic dynamical memories and their related phase transitions. This approach has several advantages, including the natural introduction of noise that is necessary for system stability, a greater degree of biological plausibility, a more uniform and simpler model description, and a more solid theoretical foundation for neural modeling. Critical phenomena and scaling properties of a class of random cellular automata (RCA) are studied on the lattice \(\mathbb Z^{2}\). In addition to RCA, we study phase transitions in mean-field models, as well as in models with axonal, non-local interactions. Relationship to the Ising universality class and to Toom cellular automata is thoroughly analyzed.
Abstract P162: Coronary Intervention Procedures in CAD Patients with Diabetes: Racial Disparities Are Associated with Post-Procedure Mortality

Background: The two major intervention treatment procedures for coronary artery disease (CAD) are coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with. Besides being a major risk factor for CAD, diabetes mellitus (DM) also impacts unfavorably CAD patients’ prognosis. We hypothesized that racial and socio-economic disparities are associated with post-procedure mortality in CAD patients with DM. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of post-procedure mortality after CABG and PCI in 188,851 CAD patients with DM (mean age 65.5∓11.3 years, 35.3% women) was conducted. In-hospital patient death was a binary outcome of interest. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were obtained from multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for a number of demographic, socio-economic and clinical confounders, including the severity of comorbid conditions (other than DM) measured by Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, Walraven modification. All results were analyzed with SAS version 9.2. Results: Post-CABG in-hospital mortality was higher than post-PCI (adjusted OR 1.89, 95% CI: 1.72-2.08, p Conclusion: Racial and socio-economic disparities are associated with in-hospital mortality after coronary intervention procedures. Further investigation of mortality disparities in CAD patients with DM is warranted.
Conceptual Modeling and Querying inMultimedia Databases

In this paper, we discuss some design principles that will aid in the design and querying of multimedia databases. We use an object-relational data model and argue that multimedia objects should normally have a special attribute called ‘core’ which stores the real object itself in contrast to the abstraction which is reflected in the rest of the attributes. We present an extension to the ER Diagram that takes advantage of the ‘core’ notion to facilitate design of multimedia databases. We discuss some desirable features in a query language for multimedia databases: simplifications like the use of path expressions and implicit use of functions (methods) as attributes, and explicit specification of the display layout and format either at the data definition level or query specification level. To materialize this last feature, we propose a display specification extension to SQL (SQL+D) that we have implemented.
Stylistic Constancy and Change Across Literary Corpora: Using Measures of Lexical Richness to Date Works

The measure of the lexical richness of literary texts as a tool in thecomparative analysis of literary style has been hampered by the problem ofthe inequality of text lengths within and between literary corpora. Thispaper proposes an empirical method of description of lexical richness byaveraging measures on multiple chunks of text of a standard lengthwithin a literary work or corpus. A workss average vocabulary richness,average portion of hapax legomenaof the corpus from which it derives,and average repetition of frequently appearing vocabulary may thencharacterize that work relative to other works partitioned along withit. This method reveals the possibility of significant variance of thesemeasures of vocabulary among works of a single authorss corpus and warnsagainst the notion of some absolute authorial stylistic character. Weapply this method of vocabulary averaging to the corpora of threeplaywrights from classical antiquity whose works are chronologicallyrankable: Euripides, Aristophanes, and Terence. We look for trends in vocabulary richness over time, which we posit functions as anindicator of progressively changing authorial ability or inclination. This method then holds the potential of predicting datesfor undateable or tenuously dated works within a corpus of otherwisesecurely dated texts. From the results derived, a relatively late date forthe composition of the redrafted version ofAristophaness Clouds appearslikely; we predict an early composition date for the redraft of TerencessHecyra (and thus are inclined to think that the playwright did verylittle redrafting); and finally we findEuripidess Electra andSupplices exhibiting vocabulary characteristics of extremely latecomposition and we predict dates much later than those assigned based onmetrical considerations.
The Digital Detective: An Introduction to Digital Forensics

Abstract The use of computers to either directly or indirectly store evidence by criminals has become more prevalent as society has become increasingly computerized. It is now routine to find calendars, e-mails, financial account information, detailed plans of crimes, and other artifacts that can be used as evidence in a criminal case stored on a computer's hard drive. Computer forensics is rapidly becoming an essential part of the investigative process, at both local law enforcement levels and federal levels. It is estimated that half of all federal criminal cases require a computer forensics examination. This chapter will address the identification, extraction, and presentation of evidence from electronic media as it is typically performed within law enforcement agencies, describe the current state of the practice, as well as discuss opportunities for new technologies.
A 1.5 V four-quadrant analog multiplier

A CMOS four-quadrant analog multiplier that can operate from a supply voltage of 1.5 V with /spl plusmn/250 mV differential input voltage range is described. The multiplier requires two linear transconductors whose input transistors are operated in their linear region. Both experimental and simulation results are given for the circuit fabricated in a standard, digital, 2 /spl mu/m, p-well CMOS process.
A Shifting Paradigm – Medical to Interactional Model: A Personal History

This article chronicles over 50 years of change in the profession with an emphasis on the author’s professional experiences and the shift in practice paradigms from the medical model to an interactional model. A number of key phases in this shift are identified and illustrated drawn from the author’s work over time.
A Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Overton's Data on the Narcosis and Toxicity of Organic Compounds to the Tadpole, Rana temporaria

A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study has been performed on the toxicity of organic compounds to the tadpole, Rana temporaria. The biological test data were taken from Charles Ernest Overton's classic monograph Studien uber die Narkose, which has been widely cited by researchers studying the correlation of biological activity with partition coefficient and the mechanism of anesthesia. A baseline narcosis QSAR model, log (1/C) = 0.909 log P + 0.727, was derived using data on 18 alcohols, ketones, and hydrocarbons, where C is the lowest narcosis-inducing concentration in moles per litre, and P is the n-octanol/water partition coefficient. The corresponding lowest tadpole test concentration producing narcosis or other toxic effects for the remaining 100 compounds was compared with that predicted by the above QSAR equation. In general, very good agreement was obtained between the predicted and measured values for those nonelectrolytes producing solely a narcosis physiological response. In contrast, acetamide, succinimide, urea, and ethylene glycol produced lethality without narcosis at considerably lower concentrations than predicted. These compounds, which have low lipoid solubility and undergo little or no membrane transport, produce osmotic effects. The observed and predicted narcotic concentrations for the two hypnotic agents, sulfonal and trional, are in general agreement, based upon log P values calculated from the water solubility and melting point. The lack of observed effect for cetyl alcohol, anthracene, anthraquinone, parachloralose, and terpin hydrate, even in tadpole tests of long duration, can be attributed to a water solubility limitation, or cutoff, that is due to a high log P, a high melting point, or a combination of these factors. Although coumarin is 17 times more toxic than predicted, it produces reversible narcosis effects only. This behavior may reflect a reversible Michael-type addition by nucleophilic moieties present in molecules comprising the membrane lipoid site of action. Alkaloids and strongly basic amines are all more toxic than predicted.
Classroom Applications of Mnemonic Instruction: Acquisition, Maintenance, and Generalization:

This investigation evaluated the effectiveness of classroom mnemonic instruction of science content, for 19 students with mild disabilities. Students were given either mnemonic instruction or more traditional instruction in a within-subjects design, in which treatment order was counterbalanced across classrooms, for each of two weekly units in life science. Following a third week of mnemonic instruction, students were taught to generate and draw their own mnemonic pictures. Results suggested that mnemonic instruction resulted in substantial increases in initial content acquisition, and substantially higher delayed-recall scores, over more traditional instructional procedures. Further, it was found that trained students were able to successfully generate and apply their own mnemonic strategies to novel content. Students overwhelmingly preferred mnemonic instruction over traditional instructional methods.
Photodynamic therapy of human glioma spheroids using 5-aminolevulinic acid.

The response of human glioma spheroids to 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)–mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) is investigated. A two-photon fluorescence microscopy technique is used to show that human glioma cells readily convert ALA to protoporphyrin IX throughout the entire spheroid volume. The central finding of this study is that the response of human glioma spheroids to ALA-mediated PDT depends not only on the total fluence, but also on the rate at which the fluence is delivered. At low fluences (≤50 J cm−2), lower fluence rates are more effective. At a fluence of 50 J cm−2, near-total spheroid kill is observed at fluence rates of as low as 10 mW cm−2. The fluence rate effect is not as pronounced at higher fluences (>50 J cm−2), where a favorable response is observed throughout the range of fluence rates investigated. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.