cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Émigrés and Transimperial Politics: Pierre Victor Malouet and the Fate of Saint Domingue

Over the course of eight years of exile in Britain, Pierre Victor Malouet assumed many vocations: diplomat, lobbyist, propagandist, advisor to the Pitt ministry, and an attempted kidnapper of Toussaint Louverture’s teenaged sons. His career underscores the deep involvement of emigres in British wartime policy in the Caribbean. Through a delicate policy of triangulation, Malouet sought both the preservation of the racial hierarchy of Saint Domingue and its eventual restoration to France. These interventions became an important means by which British imperial policy was interwoven with distinctively French perspectives and debates surrounding empire, slavery, and the fundamentals of political order. This transimperial space of emigre politics in turn generated an impulse toward international consensus that presaged many of the dynamics of nineteenth-century empire.
Doxazosin treatment in cocaine use disorder: pharmacogenetic response based on an alpha-1 adrenoreceptor subtype D genetic variant.

Background: The α1 antagonist doxazosin reduces cocaine use in individuals with cocaine use disorder (CUD) through a functional polymorphism of the α1 adrenoreceptor. The regulatory role of the α1 ...
A weighted FDR procedure under discrete and heterogeneous null distributions.

Multiple testing (MT) with false discovery rate (FDR) control has been widely conducted in the "discrete paradigm" where p-values have discrete and heterogeneous null distributions. However, in this scenario existing FDR procedures often lose some power and may yield unreliable inference, and for this scenario there does not seem to be an FDR procedure that partitions hypotheses into groups, employs data-adaptive weights and is nonasymptotically conservative. We propose a weighted p-value-based FDR procedure, "weighted FDR (wFDR) procedure" for short, for MT in the discrete paradigm that efficiently adapts to both heterogeneity and discreteness of p-value distributions. We theoretically justify the nonasymptotic conservativeness of the wFDR procedure under independence, and show via simulation studies that, for MT based on p-values of binomial test or Fisher's exact test, it is more powerful than six other procedures. The wFDR procedure is applied to two examples based on discrete data, a drug safety study, and a differential methylation study, where it makes more discoveries than two existing methods.
Amebic abscess of the liver. Experience with 15 cases in 3 and one-half years in California.

Fifteen patients with amebic abscess of the liver were seen at two California county hospitals over a period of 3 1/2 years. Of the 15 patients, 9 diagnoses were proven and 6 were presumptive. Fourteen of the patients had made a recent trip or had ready access to Mexico. The clinical finding of particular note was the high incidence of right lower lung field abnormalities. Useful laboratory studies included the combination of an elevated BSP, alkaline phosphatase, and direct reacting bilirubin. The value of the liver scan is emphasized. The high incidence of secondary infection of the abscesses is stressed. The uncomplicated postoperative courses of those patients treated by surgical drainage and postoperative chemotherapy for amebiasis is of particular importance since this approach has been considered in the past to be most hazardous.
From habits to self-regulation: how do we change?

The Yale Cognitive Science department hosted the conference “From Habits to Self-Regulation: How Do We Change?” on November 4 and 5, 2011, to showcase current research on self-control in cognitive science, psychology, and neuroscience. The conference included a panel discussion by four philosophers who gave context for the scope and limitations of research on self-control. The common theme concerning the best method to attain lasting change included becoming aware of what one wants to change, increasing commitment to the goal of change, and imagining all of the potential problems and solutions to those problems.
Thymectomy and myasthenia gravis.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a disorder of the neuromuscular junction mediated by the actions of autoantibodies directed against one of several proteins expressed on the postjunction muscle membrane. For the large majority of MG patients the target for the autoantibodies is the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) (1) that interacts with acetylcholine, the transmitter released by the motor nerve, to trigger muscle contraction. There is a well-known association between abnormalities in the thymus, the central immune organ for development of T cell-mediated immune system and the site of central immune regulation during development (1⇓–3), and the AChR form of MG. The most common abnormality consists of atypical follicular germinal centers in the thymic medulla, so-called thymic hyperplasia, occurring in ∼60 to 75% of patients. In 10 to 15% of patients, neoplastic changes (thymoma) occur, and the remainder of patients exhibit normal involution (1, 4). The etiologic connection between the thymic changes and MG is uncertain (5). For many years there have been series reporting improvement after thymectomy. Recently a prospective single-blinded controlled study demonstrated that thymectomy in patients already receiving corticosteroid therapy is superior to corticosteroids both at 3 y (6) and confirmed at 5 y (7). The improvement was … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: rlisak{at}med.wayne.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
The functionalization of benzene by boranes using trispyrazolylborate complexes

Abstract The catalytic C H activation and borylation of arenes by trispyrazolylborate complexes is reported. Trispyrazolylborate rhodium and iridium complexes have been previously shown to activate a variety of C H bonds. Here, we show the catalytic borylation of arenes by the trispyrazolylborate ethylene complexes Tp'Rh(C2H4)2, and Tp'Ir(C2H4)2 .
What mediates the racial/ethnic disparity in psychosocial stress among breast cancer patients?

Prior studies have observed greater levels of psychosocial stress (PSS) among non-Hispanic (nH) African American and Hispanic women when compared to nH White patients after a breast cancer diagnosis. We aimed to determine the independent and interdependent roles of socioeconomic position (SEP) and unmet support in the racial disparity in PSS among breast cancer patients. Participants were recruited from the Breast Cancer Care in Chicago study (n = 989). For all recently diagnosed breast cancer patients, aged 25–79, income, education, and tract-level disadvantage and affluence were summed to create a standardized socioeconomic position (SEP) score. Three measures of PSS related to loneliness, perceived stress, and psychological consequences of a breast cancer diagnosis were defined based on previously validated scales. Five domains of unmet social support needs (emotional, spiritual, informational, financial, and practical) were defined from interviews. We conducted path models in MPlus to estimate the extent to which PSS disparities were mediated by SEP and unmet social support needs. Black and Hispanic patients reported greater PSS compared to white patients and greater unmet social support needs (p = 0.001 for all domains). Virtually all of the disparity in PSS could be explained by SEP. A substantial portion of the mediating influence of SEP was further transmitted by unmet financial and practical needs among Black patients and by unmet emotional needs for Hispanic patients. SEP appeared to be a root cause of the racial/ethnic disparities in PSS within our sample. Our findings further suggest that different interventions may be necessary to alleviate the burden of SEP for nH AA (i.e., more financial support) and Hispanic patients (i.e., more emotional support).
Clinical Reasoning: A 29-Year-Old Man With Fevers and Rapidly Progressive Cranial Neuropathies.

A 29-year-old man with no prior known medical diagnoses presented to the emergency department with 5 days of fevers, chills, vomiting, headache, and neck pain followed by voice changes, difficulty swallowing, and intractable hiccups. The patient denied vision changes, weakness, numbness, recent travel, new medications, or illicit drug use. He had no personal or family history of neurologic illness. On questioning concerning possible toxic exposure, he noted recent consumption of sushi and raw meat at a restaurant; a friend who had eaten with him also experienced gastrointestinal illness after that meal.
ICA with Orthogonality Constraint: Identifiability And A New Efficient Algorithm

Given the prevalence of independent component analysis (ICA) for signal processing, many methods for improving the convergence properties of ICA have been introduced. The most utilized methods operate by iterative rotations over pre-whitened data, whereby limiting the space of estimated demixing matrices to those that are orthogonal. However, a proof of the identifiability conditions for orthogonal ICA methods has not yet been presented in the literature. In this paper, we derive the identifiability conditions, starting from the orthogonal ICA maximum likelihood cost function. We then review efficient optimization approaches for orthogonal ICA defined on the Lie group of orthogonal matrices. Afterwards, we derive a new efficient algorithm for orthogonal ICA, by defining a mapping onto a space of constrained matrices which we define as hyper skew-symmetric. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate the advantages of the new algorithm over the pre-existing Lie group methods.
Simulation Based EMI Prediction for High Speed Differential Signals

Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) failure is a common occurrence in electronic devices. Failing to comply with FCC/CE requirements set by government agencies delays the product time to market. Besides following proper design guidelines of layout, grounding, shielding, filtering, etc., using simulation to predict EMI failures during early design stage will greatly save time and cost. In this paper, EMI from a practical product with multiple pairs of high speed differential signals are studied. The power spectrum density of both common mode and differential mode on those differential pairs are measured. By combining with noise source information and simulated far field transfer functions, the simulated EMI can be obtained. The simulation results are later compared with measured results to show the accuracy of simulations.
Defunctionalizing Intracellular Organelles with Genetically-Encoded Molecular Tools Based on Engineered Phospholipase A/Acyltransferases (PLAATs)

Abstract Organelles vitally achieve multifaceted functions to maintain cellular homeostasis. Genetic and pharmacological approaches to manipulate individual organelles are powerful in probing their physiological roles. However, many of them are either slow in action, limited to certain organelles, or rely on toxic agents. Here, we designed a generalizable molecular tool utilizing phospholipase A/acyltransferases (PLAATs) for rapid induction of organelle defunctionalization via remodeling of the membrane phospholipid composition. In particular, we identified a minimal, fully catalytic PLAAT with no unfavorable side effects. Chemically-induced translocation of the engineered PLAAT to the mitochondria surface resulted in their rapid deformation in a phospholipase activity dependent manner, followed by loss of luminal proteins as well as dissipated membrane potential, thus invalidating the functionality. To demonstrate wide applicability, we then adapted the molecular tool in peroxisomes, and observed leakage of matrix-resident functional proteins. The technique was compatible with optogenetic control, viral delivery and operation in primary neuronal cultures. Due to such versatility, the PLAAT strategy should present a novel utility in organelle biology of diverse contexts.
Intersections of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender in Sport

The purpose of this chapter is to describe the relationship between gender, race, and ethnicity in sport. Gender has been a topic of conversation in sport for many decades, with Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (Title IX) anchoring many of those conversations (Acosta & Carpenter, 2012).
Genetics in the Thirties

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a description of the genetics in the thirties. The 1930s represented a high point in transmission of the genetics. It gives an account of the 1932 sixth International Congress of Genetics at Cornell University, where two kinds of papers were discussed. Population genetics and human genetics has also been discussed in the chapter. The 1930s saw the beginnings of the genetics of natural populations. The knowledge of human genetics was weak in the 1930s. The chapter also gives a brief description about the nature of the gene. The gene was completely mysterious and was thought to be a protein. In 1936, it was universally agreed that the gene was a protein; nucleic acid was thought of as scaffolding. Furthermore, the chapter turns to the discussion of viewpoints and paradigms in the 1930s. There was an emphasis on the generalities and an attempt to explain the new phenomena in terms of these generalities, with a consequently diminished interest in exceptions. The subject then was less technique driven than it now is. Research in this period was characterized by a search for and a belief in generality with a consequent tendency to ignore exceptions. There was also a preference for symmetry and randomness-the Mendelian paradigm with an attempt to fit all the observations into this framework. In summary, although the 1930s represented a high point in transmission genetics, a deeper understanding of the gene had to wait for microbial genetics and molecular techniques.
Dissolved carbon species in associated diffuse and focused flow hydrothermal vents at the Main Endeavour Field, Juan de Fuca Ridge: phase equilibria and kinetic constraints.

[1] Despite significant advances in the understanding of hydrothermal processes at mid-ocean ridges, the linkage between focused flow and diffusively flowing vent fluids has remained elusive. Here, we report the distribution of dissolved carbon species in fluids issuing from associated low-, moderate-, and high-temperature vent systems, collected in 2005 at the Main Endeavour Field (MEF), Juan de Fuca Ridge. Excess CO(aq) measured in the moderate-temperature diffuse flow fluids indicates redox disequilibria between CO(aq) and CO2(aq), suggesting hydrothermal circulation of short residence time in near-seafloor mixing zones. According to geochemical modeling, the chemical variability of MEF fluids is consistent with a combination of conductive cooling, reaction transport, and subsequent seawater mixing of a single source fluid. The similar distribution of C1-C3 alkanes observed in diffuse and focused flow fluids likely indicates a minimal fingerprint of biological and methanogenic metabolism on organic fluxes, consistent with a possible short-lived hydrothermal near-seafloor circulation. Accordingly, dissolved carbon species in low-temperature vent fluids can serve as geochemical proxies to distinguish the extent of compositional change in subsurface microbial habitats in the MEF hydrothermal fluids and elsewhere. Part of this reflects conditions unique to the near-surface, diffuse flow environment, but the flux of components from deeper-seated hydrothermal processes is important as well. In comparison with earlier measurements (1999 and 2000) of high-temperature vent fluids at MEF, the 2005 data set exhibits lower Li/Cl ratios and H2(aq) concentrations indicative of higher fluid/rock mass ratios and more oxidizing and/or lower-temperature conditions, respectively.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy: Introduction

A brief introduction to the phenomenon of magnetic resonance provides a gateway to other, more advanced discussions of the topics related to this important analytical technology. Keywords: spectroscopy; magnetic resonance; nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); electron spin resonance (ESR)
Retention of Esperanto Is Affected by Delay-Interval Task and Item Closure: A Partial Resolution of the Delay-Retention Effect

The present studies were undertaken to examine the effects of manipulating delay-interval task (Study 1) and timing of feedback (Study 2) on acquisition and retention. Participants completed a 100-item cumulative final examination, which included 50 items from each laboratory examination, plus 50 entirely new items. Acquisition and retention were examined in Study 1 in which delayinterval task, length of delay until feedback was delivered, and the opportunity to answer until correct (AUG) were manipulated and, in Study 2, in which the number of items completed before feedback was delivered and AUC were manipulated. Delays longer than 5 s negatively affected learning (Study 1) when participants engaged in a delay-interval distraction task; enhancement was observed when individual test items and correct responses were reviewed during the interval. Significant decrements in learning were observed in Study 2 in the absence of a distraction task when more than 1 test item was completed prior to the delivery of feedback. The present outcomes add to the growing body of evidence that retention is maximized when test items are completed individually and exited with knowledge of the correct response, that the opportunity to answer until correct minimizes perseverative inaccurate responding and, for multiple-choice test items, that immediate feedback is a more effective facilitator of retention than delayed feedback.
The Rings of Noncommutative Projective Geometry

In the past 15 years a study of “noncommutative projective geometry” has flourished. By using and generalizing techniques of commutative projective geometry, one can study certain noncommutative graded rings and obtain results for which no purely algebraic proof is known. For instance, noncommutative graded domains of quadratic growth, or “noncommutative curves,” have now been classified by geometric data and these rings must be noetherian. Rings of cubic growth, or “noncommutative surfaces,” are not yet classified, but a rich theory is currently forming. In this survey, we describe some of these results and examine the question of which rings should be included in noncommutative projective geometry.
Irreducibility of perfect representations of double affine Hecke algebras

It is proved that the quotient of the polynomial representation of the double affine Hecke algebra by the radical of the duality pairing is always irreducible apart from the roots of unity provided that it is finite dimensional. We also find necessary and sufficient conditions for the radical to be zero, a generalization of Opdam’s formula for the singular parameters such that the corresponding Dunkl operators have multiple zero-eigenvalues.
High Art Down Home: An Economic Ethnography of a Local Art Market

High Art Down Home: An Economic Ethnography of. Locai Art Market. STUART PLATTNER. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996. xiii. 250 pp.; 17 illustrations,. tables,. appendices, notes, bibliography, index
Tarsal Coalition in Adults

32 feet in 27 adults, seen at The Johns Hopkins Hospital Foot and Ankle Clinic from 1993-1998, with the diagnosis of tarsal coalition were retrospectively reviewed. There were 18 subtalar coalitions, 14 calcaneonavicular coalitions and 1 naviculocuneiform coalition. The average age was 40 years. Clinically, 22 feet had a neutral heel, 7 had a valgus heel with flattening of the longitudinal arch, 1 had a varus heel and 2 heels had an unknown position. Subtalar motion was decreased in 23 feet. Peroneal spasm was only seen in 2 patients. 11 feet were asymptomatic. Nonoperative treatment consisting of activity modification, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications and casting was successful in the majority of patients. Subtalar fusion was performed in 4 feet and coalition resection in 1. The treatment of a symptomatic tarsal coalition in the adult is as in children but the clinical presentation may differ.
Using GPS TEC measurements to model ionospheric variability with local oceanic tidal modes

Using GPS measurements, the total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere above the receiver can be inferred. This technique is utilized here to explore the ionospheric coupling with local oceanic tidal modes in coastal and marine environments.
Creativity and Change: On the Psychodynamics of Modernity

This article explores the psychic meaning of change. Modernity is often conceived as a system of change. Indeed, the business mentality that dominates organizational life in modern societies insists that the central problem organizations face is adapting to change. The celebration of change we associate with modernity does not take into account the hidden or psychic meaning of change. The psychic meaning of change is expressed in the manic state we often observe in those who imagine themselves the agents of change. The manic state is linked to a hidden objective of change, which is control and domination. In this article, a distinction is drawn between the psychic meaning of that change linked to manic states and the psychic meaning of change linked to the expression of human creativity. The distinction between types of change is used to suggest an important distinction between modern and traditional society.
Intermediate filament protein synthesis in preimplantation murine embryos

The synthesis of two extraembryonic endodermal cytoskeletal proteins (Endo B, Mr = 50,000; Endo A, Mr = 55,000) was detected by immunoprecipitation at the 4- to 8-cell stage of preimplantation mouse development. The first detectable synthesis of both proteins occurs at about the same time as the earliest allocation of cells to the trophectodermal lineage. Both Endo A and B were identified in the two-dimensional gel pattern of blastocyst cytoskeletal proteins prepared by nonionic detergent and high-salt extraction. Endo A and B were identified as the y and x blastocyst cytoskeletal proteins, respectively, previously described by other investigators. Antibodies to Endo B are shown to react with intermediate filaments at the electron microscopic level, confirming that Endo B is an authentic intermediate filament protein. Previously, the TROMA 1 monoclonal antibody prepared by other investigators was shown to react specifically with Endo A and to decorate trophoblast cytoskeletons but did not react with the inner cell mass of blastocysts. Endo B antibodies are now also shown to decorate trophoblast cytoskeletons.
Glycemic Targets for Elderly Diabetic Patients Need Reappraisal

nal disease in type 1 diabetic patients, 1 and thus confirmed the earlier conclusions of J. Pirart, based on observational data. 2 The value of tight glycemic control was also demonstrated in type 2 diabetes by the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), although the benefits were relatively modest. 3 Indeed, an 8-year intervention lowering HbA1c by approximately 1% in newly diagnosed diabetic patients resulted in a lower incidence of microvascular complications butnotof myocardial infarctionand stroke. Nonetheless, current treatment recommendations from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) set an HbA1c target of lower than 7.0% for most adults with type 2 diabetes. They acknowledge that ‘‘less stringent HbA1c goals (.) may be appropriate for patients withahistory ofseverehypoglycemia,limitedlifeexpectancy, advanced microvascular or macrovascular complications, or extensive comorbid conditions and those with longstanding diabetes in whom the general goal is difficult to attain.’’ 4 These restrictions reflect the unease many clinicians often feel with the implementation of tight glycemic controlinelderlypatientswithcomorbidities,butstillimplicitly define a HbA1c lower than 7.0% as the optimal target, with some acceptable exceptions. In the present editorial we will argue that a higher HbA1c target (7.0%‐8.0%) should be recommended for most elderly patients, and that lower values should raise a suspicion of malnutrition. MINOR VASCULAR BENEFITS OF TIGHT GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN THE ELDERLY
A mechanical evaluation of three decellularization methods in the design of a xenogeneic scaffold for tissue engineering the temporomandibular joint disc

Tissue-engineered temporomandibular joint (TMJ) discs offer a viable treatment option for patients with severe joint internal derangement. To date, only a handful of TMJ tissue engineering studies have been carried out and all have incorporated the use of synthetic scaffold materials. These current scaffolds have shown limited success in recapitulating morphological and functional aspects of the native disc tissue. The present study is the first to investigate the potential of a xenogeneic scaffold for use in tissue engineering the TMJ disc. The effects of decellularization agents on the disc's mechanical properties were assessed using three common decellularization protocols: Triton X-100, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and an acetone/ethanol solution. Decellularized scaffolds were subsequently characterized through cyclic mechanical testing at physiologically relevant frequencies to determine which chemical agent most accurately preserved the native tissue properties. Results have shown that porcine discs treated with SDS most closely matched the energy dissipation capabilities and resistance to deformation of the native tissue. Treatments using Triton X-100 caused the resultant tissue to become relatively softer with inferior energy dissipation capabilities, while treatment using acetone/ethanol led to a significantly stiffer and dehydrated material. These findings support the potential of a porcine-derived scaffold decellularized by SDS as a xenograft for TMJ disc reconstruction.
Using Panel Data to Examine Legislative Demand for Higher Education

Empirical studies of legislative demand for higher education, using cross-sectional date for all 50 states, have not found much evidence that economic and demographic factors influence state higher education appropriations. This study uses panel data on state appropriations from 1982 through 1996 to examine the sensitivity of the results from the legislative demand model to changes in statistical methodology employed. The results show that the signs and significance levels of variables used in the legislative demand model vary widely when ordinary least squares, fixed effects and two-stage least squares are used. In particular, after controlling for state effects in the panel data, a number of the expected relationships between state appropriations and both economic and demographic factors emerge. There is also some evedence that K-12 education is a significant competing interest group for higher education, and that the legislative demand functions for higher education vary by geographical region and whet...
Corrigendum to “Gene regulation and the origins of human biological uniqueness.” [Trends in Genetics, 26/3 (2010) 110–118]

On page 115 of this article the sentence “Even given these limitations, one recent study that exploited whole-genome expression profiling data from 79 human tissues coupled with deep sequence comparisons and maps of predicted transcription factor binding sites was able to identify tissue-specific enhancers in the human genome with some success (28% sensitivity and 50% specificity based on comparison to known enhancers).” should have cited Pennacchio, L.A. et al. (2007) Predicting tissue-specific enhancers in the human genome. Genome Res. 17, 201–211.
Carotid angioplasty and stenting, success relies on appropriate patient selection

Objective Carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) is a percutaneous alternative to carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for treating patients with carotid artery stenosis. This study sought to evaluate whether patients at increased perioperative risk for CEA may be treated with CAS while maintaining equivalent outcomes. Methods This study was a nonblinded, retrospective analysis of data obtained from September 2002 to present in the CAS group and from January 1997 to present in the CEA group. Two hundred thirty-one CAS and 647 CEA procedures were performed. Patients were selected for CAS based on criteria that placed them at increased risk for standard CEA surgery. Except for percentage women treated, baseline demographics did not differ between patients treated with CAS and CEA: mean age (72.0 years [range 46-94] vs 70.5 years [range 42-92], P = NS), mean follow-up (12.8 ± 11.8 months vs 8.7 ± 10.0 months, P = NS) and percentage women treated (41.4% vs 32.3%, P = .03). Cerebral protection devices were used in 228/231 patients treated with CAS, and each patient underwent an NIH Stroke Scale assessment 24 hours postoperatively and at 30 days follow-up by an independent observer. Results Preoperative neurologic symptoms did not differ between patients treated with CAS and CEA: amaurosis fugax (6.06% vs 6.96%, P = NS), transient ischemic attacks (13.4% vs 13.9%, P = NS), strokes (19.9% vs 14.1%, P = NS) and total symptoms (27.7% vs 30.5%, P = NS). Due to the selection of patient groups based on predefined clinical characteristics, factors associated with an increased risk of complications from standard CEA surgery were generally more prevalent in patients treated with CAS: neck irradiation (6.06% vs 1.24%, P P P ≤ .001), contralateral carotid artery occlusion (12.1% vs 1.1%, P P P P = NS), stroke without residual symptoms (1.3% vs 1.2%, P = NS), stroke with residual symptoms (0.4% vs 0.8%, P = NS), mortality (0.4% vs 0.6%, P = NS), and total MI/stroke/mortality rate (3.9% vs 5.3%, P = NS). Conclusions The data in this study demonstrate that high-risk patients undergoing CAS had comparable outcomes to low-risk patients undergoing CEA. This study supports the use of CAS as a reasonable alternative for patients at increased perioperative risk for CEA.
Profiling Weapon Use in Domestic Violence: Multilevel Analysis of Situational and Neighborhood Factors

Abstract The dangerousness of domestic violence escalates when suspects use weapons against victims or responding officers. Nevertheless, only a few studies have examined the dynamics of weapon use in domestic violence. While supporting the situational approach, the limited literature and relevant theories suggest the need for weapons classification and multilevel research. Using over 9,400 domestic violence cases across 423 census tracts that were responded to by the Houston Police Department in 2005, hierarchical linear models examine the correlates of weapon use by suspects. Results indicate that situational and neighborhood factors are distinctively associated with each type of weapon. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.
AUDITING THE CUSTOMER SERVICE RELATIONSHIP AND ENCOUNTER

It is always risky to use the word auditing in the title of an article. People start to get goose bumps and look over their shoulder for the auditor's presence. No matter how many articles are written on the “friendly auditor,” no one really believes them. This article is not about being audited or even befriending auditors. It is about taking key concepts from the auditing field and using them to your advantage.
NESC-VII: Fracture Mechanics Analyses of WPS Experiments on Large-Scale Cruciform Specimen

This paper describes numerical analyses performed to simulate warm pre-stress (WPS) experiments conducted with large-scale cruciform specimens within the Network for Evaluation of Structural Components (NESC-VII) project. NESC-VII is a European cooperative action in support of WPS application in reactor pressure vessel (RPV) integrity assessment. The project aims in evaluation of the influence of WPS when assessing the structural integrity of RPVs. Advanced fracture mechanics models will be developed and performed to validate experiments concerning the effect of different WPS scenarios on RPV components. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), USA contributes to the Work Package-2 (Analyses of WPS experiments) within the NESC-VII network. A series of WPS type experiments on large-scale cruciform specimens have been conducted at CEA Saclay, France, within the framework of NESC VII project. This paper first describes NESC-VII feasibility test analyses conducted at ORNL. Very good agreement was achieved between AREVA NP SAS and ORNL. Further analyses were conducted to evaluate the NESC-VII WPS tests conducted under Load-Cool-Transient-Fracture (LCTF) and Load-Cool-Fracture (LCF) conditions. This objective of this work is to provide a definitive quantification of WPS effects when assessing the structural integrity of reactor pressure vessels. This information will be utilized to further validate, refine, and improve the WPS models that are being used in probabilistic fracture mechanics computer codes now in use by the NRC staff in their effort to develop risk-informed updates to Title 10 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 50, Appendix G.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Effect of exercise on postprandial insulin responses in Mexican American and non-Hispanic women.

Postprandial insulin responses (integrated area under the curve) to an oral glucose load after a period of aerobic exercise and no exercise (control) were compared in sedentary normoglycemic Mexican American and non-Hispanic women pair-matched (n = 9) on total body fat mass (21.8 +/- 3.5 kg). The age (27.4 +/- 3.0 years), body mass index (BMI) (23.6 +/- 1.4 kg/m2), waist to hip ratio (WHR) (0.85 +/- .02), waist circumference (83.5 +/- 4.5 cm), lean mass (36.2 +/- 1.5 kg), and maximal O2 consumption ([VO2 max] 32.9 +/- 1.6 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1)) were similar, although the centrality index (subscapular/triceps skinfolds) was significantly greater in Mexican Americans (0.88 +/- 0.06 v 0.70 +/- 0.05, P < .01). Exercise (treadmill walking for 50 minutes at 70% VO2 max) and control trials were performed 4 weeks apart and 5 to 12 days after the onset of menstruation. A 75-g oral glucose load was administered 15 hours after the completion of each trial, with the subjects 12 hours postprandial. Blood samples were drawn prior to glucose ingestion (fasting, 0 minutes) and at minutes 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 postingestion. The postprandial insulin response was calculated using a trapezoidal method. In Mexican Americans, significant (P < .02) reductions in the postprandial insulin response (exercise v control, 6.5 +/- 1.0 v 8.5 +/- 1.4 pmol/L x min x 10(4)) and fasting insulin (exercise v control, 77.4 +/- 7.0 v 88.5 +/- 10.3 pmol/L) occurred after exercise compared with the control condition. In non-Hispanics, neither the postprandial insulin response (exercise v control, 7.2 +/- 1.0 v 6.2 +/- 0.9 pmol/L x min x 10(4)) nor fasting insulin (exercise v control, 77.0 +/- 8.2 v 82.9 +/- 8.9 pmol/L) were significantly different between trials. The postprandial insulin response in the control trial was significantly correlated with the change in the insulin response (control minus exercise) in the 18 women (r = .56, P = .01). No trial or group differences were found for postprandial glucose and C-peptide responses. Mexican American women have a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and aerobic exercise may be valuable in the prevention or delay of onset of diabetes by reducing peripheral insulin resistance.
Religion is the Finding Thing

Abstract This paper discusses some important dimensions of faith and of the social contexts surrounding faith that are illustrative of continuity and growth in spirituality in the lives of older adults. Examples of an evolving spirituality emerge in the analysis of a recent qualitative research study that probed the nature of religious experience among thirty-one community-dwelling elders and fifteen elders residing in long-term care facilities. Face-to-face interviews with these forty-six older adults and with seven people who directed or assisted with formal and informal programs of faith comprise the empirical base for this paper. The seven people, I refer to them mnemonically as faithreps, worked in various ways in the long-term care settings to provide programs involving faith to older adults. The faithreps came from a range of educational and religious backgrounds and are not accurately or handily categorized. An evolving spirituality is shaped by the older person's links to the structural and the s...
Cardiac Endothelial Cells Regulate Reactive Oxygen Species-induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis through Neuregulin-1β/erbB4 Signaling

Neuregulin (NRG)-1β has a prosurvival effect on cardiac myocytes via the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt pathway, but the physiological regulators of this system in the intact heart are unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species regulate NRG/erbB signaling. We used isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVMs) or cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) in monoculture, or together in coculture. H2O2 induced NRG-1β release from CMECs in a concentration-dependent manner, and conditioned medium from H2O2-treated CMEC activated ARVM erbB4. NRG-1β release occurred via proteolytic cleavage of 115-kDa transmembrane NRG-1β and was inhibited by the metalloproteinase inhibitor 1,10-phenanthroline. In myocyte monoculture, H2O2 induced erbB4-dependent, but NRG-independent, activation of Akt. To elucidate the bioactivity of CMEC-derived NRG-1β on ARVMs, we examined H2O2-induced myocyte apoptosis in co-culture using an antibody to NRG-1β. The percentages of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells were significantly higher in the anti-NRG-1β group than in the control group. The change in apoptosis induced by anti-NRG-1β in co-culture was similar in magnitude to the protection of myocytes by addition of recombinant NRG-1β to ARVM monocultures. Activation of NRG/erbB paracrine signaling was also seen in the intact heart subjected to oxidative stress by ischemia-reperfusion injury. Isolated perfused mouse hearts subjected to 15 min of ischemia, followed by 30 min of reperfusion, showed complete proteolytic cleavage of 115-kDa NRG-1β, with concomitant erbB4 phosphorylation. These results demonstrate that reactive oxygen species activate NRG-1β/erbB4 paracrine signaling in the heart and suggest that this system is involved in cardiac adaptation to oxidative stress.
Further development of the Overload Risk Index, an indicator of system vulnerability

This paper develops and expands on a previously devised vulnerability index in an attempt to make the index more robust in describing a power system's total vulnerability level. The previous index was derived using a dc load flow analysis using line outage distribution factors and Monte Carlo simulation that incorporated the unavailability rates of the transmission lines within the system. The updated index incorporates the following improvements: (a) tests to determine bus islanding in the system, (b) steady-state stability tests, (c) an optimal power flow to determine a more accurate steady-state point of operation, (d) ac analysis for a greater degree of accuracy, and (e) generator failures in addition to line failures in order to improve the scope of the index. Additional case studies have been performed which analyze the effects of these new test variables on the index.
Authoritarianism and its relationship with intuitive-experiential cognitive style and heuristic processing

Abstract Two studies examined the relationship between authoritarianism, cognitive style and heuristic processing. Focusing on Epstein’s (2003) cognitive-experiential self-theory, Study 1 shows that authoritarianism is related to Epstein’s dimension of faith in intuition, but not need for cognition, even when controlling for individual differences in need for structure. Study 2 confirms that authoritarianism is related to greater heuristic processing. The discussion suggests ways in which individual differences in cognitive style and heuristic processing may account for established effects of authoritarianism.
THE ROLE OF CALCIUM IN FLOW‐STIMULATED BIOLUMINESCENCE OF THE RED TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE LINGULODINIUM POLYEDRUM

Many marine planktonic dinoflagellates emit flashes of light in response to either laminar or turbulent flows as well as direct mechanical stimulation. The production of a flash of light is known to be mediated by a proton-mediated action potential across the vacuolar membrane; the mechanotransduction process initiating this action potential is unknown. Here we report on an investigation into the role of Ca+2 in the mechanotransduction process regulating bioluminescence in the red tide dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum. Calcium ionophores and low concentrations of the membrane-disrupting agent digitonin stimulated bioluminescence only when calcium was present in the media or added with the agent, indicating that the flash-triggering vacuolar action potential is specifically stimulated by a calcium influx. A variety of known calcium channel blockers or antagonists inhibited mechanically stimulated bioluminescence but did not affect cellular bioluminescent capacity. In many cases the inhibitory affect occurred after only a brief exposure. In addition, gadolinium (Gd+3), a blocker of many stretch-activated ion channels, caused potent inhibition of mechanically stimulated bioluminescence. The order of potency of the transition metals tested was La+3 > Gd+3 > Co+2 > Mn+2 > Ni+2, similar to their potency as blockers of known calcium channels. Experiments with a quantified shear flow demonstrated that flow-stimulated bioluminescence depended on the level of extracellular calcium. Future work will elucidate the signaling pathway involving calcium-mediated flow-stimulated mechanotransduction. Our goal is to use bioluminescence as a proxy for the initial cellular mechanotransduction events triggered by fluid flow.
Medication Dosing in Critically Ill Patients With Acute Kidney Injury Treated With Renal Replacement Therapy

Critically ill patients with acute kidney injury may be treated with a variety of renal replacement therapies (RRTs). Each of these RRTs has profound yet differing effects on drug dosing. Although the doses of some drugs can be titrated to an immediately observable pharmacodynamic effect, the effects of many drugs, such as antibiotics for example, are not immediately apparent. Attainment of desired pharmacodynamic response is a complex interplay between patient, RRT, and pharmacokinetic factors. In the case of antibiotics, microorganism-specific factors also must be considered. Rational and effective drug dosing in this clinical setting cannot occur until all these issues are addressed by the clinician. Failure to account for the pharmacokinetic influences of critical illness, kidney disease, and choice of intermittent hemodialysis or prolonged intermittent or continuous RRT can contribute to the high mortality rates seen in these patients. Pharmacotherapy considerations for each of these therapies are addressed in this article by applying them to a patient case.
Long-term survival in TARP syndrome and confirmation of RBM10 as the disease-causing gene†

TARP syndrome, comprising Talipes equinovarus, atrial septal defect (ASD), Robin sequence (micrognathia, glossoptosis, and cleft palate), and persistence of the left superior vena cava, is an X-linked condition with pre- or postnatal lethality in affected males. Based on linkage studies and massively parallel sequencing of X-chromosome exons in two families, the disease-causing gene was identified as RBM10. We identified a maternally inherited frameshift mutation in an unrelated patient, confirming RBM10 as the disease gene. This is the first reported individual with TARP syndrome who survived past early infancy, thus expanding the phenotypic spectrum of this disorder. In addition to the characteristic cleft palate, ASD, and persistent superior vena cava, he had low-set and posteriorly angulated ears, upslanting palpebral fissures, cryptorchidism, and structural brain abnormalities including partial agenesis of the corpus callosum, dysplastic enlarged caudate, and cerebellar hypoplasia with megacisterna magna. Preterm delivery, suspected pulmonary hypoplasia, and pulmonary hypertension resulted in chronic lung disease. At the age of 3(7)/(12) years, he remained ventilator-dependent at night, and he was fed exclusively through a gastro-jejunal tube. Sensorineural hearing loss required a hearing aid. Optic atrophy and cortical visual impairment were noted. He was unable to sit independently, was non-communicative and he had severe intellectual disability. Atrial flutter required recurrent ablation of intra-atrial re-entry pathways. The mother's heterozygosity for the RBM10 mutation underscored the importance of accurate diagnosis and counseling for TARP syndrome.
Accuracy and precision of 3D cephalometric landmarks from biorthogonal plain-film x rays

Three dimensional (3D) plain film radiographic cephalometric analysis of boney skull landmarks may be used for patient diagnosis, treatment planning, prosthetic design, intra- operatively, and outcome assessment. To test the accuracy and reliability of 50 cephalometric landmarks, three dry human skulls, with and without metallic markers affixed to the landmarks, were digitized in our 3dCEPH software by 4 operators. The average inter-operator variability about mean landmark position, across all operators, for all 3 skull image pairs, was 3.33 mm. Ten landmarks exhibiting least variability were 1.15 mm average distance from the mean, including: B point 0.69 mm, Lower Incisal Edge 0.85 mm, and Anterior Nasal Spine 0.90 mm. The average rms error from the metallic fiducials for these 4 operators across all 50 landmarks, and 3 skulls was 5.03 mm. The 10 landmarks with the least variability exhibited 2.01 mm average distance from the fiducial, including: B point 1.69 mm, upper incisal edge 1.71 mm, lower incisal edge 1.78 mm. Additional studies are needed to test the robusticity of the hypothesis of homologous anatomy. Homology of landmarks is important to cephalometric comparisons between image pairs representing patient and 'normative,' pre- and post-surgical alteration, and different ages of the same patient.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The transformation of character: Sam Spade on radio

This article challenges arguments Warner Brothers made in its 1948 copyright case against CBS radio. Claiming that the Adventures of Sam Spade duplicated the character who had appeared in the novel and in Warner's 1941 The Maltese Falcon, Warner Brothers produced a description of the essential Sam Spade character. The author's analysis of the radio broadcasts reveals that the format of the radio serial requires alteration of Spade. The narrative framing device, the incorporation of humor, and Spade's role as narrator of his own “capers” result in a more self‐conscious but less serious character than the one that appears in the novel and the 1941 film.
NEUTROPHIL RESPONSE TO CHEMOTAXINS IN THE RAT PERITONEUM: A MODEL FOR THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN NEC

NEUTROPHIL RESPONSE TO CHEMOTAXINS IN THE RAT PERITONEUM: A MODEL FOR THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN NEC
Treatment of an intraoperative patellar fracture during revision total knee arthroplasty

An intraoperative vertical patellar fracture occurred through a central osteolytic defect during removal of a metal-backed patellar component. The fracture was treated successfully with cerclage wire fixation and implantation of a cemented patellar component.