cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NS3 helicase actively separates RNA strands and senses sequence barriers ahead of the opening fork

RNA helicases regulate virtually all RNA-dependent cellular processes. Although much is known about helicase structures, very little is known about how they deal with barriers in RNA and the factors that affect their processivity. The hepatitis C virus encodes NS3, an RNA helicase that is essential for viral RNA replication. We have used optical tweezers to determine at the single-molecule level how the local stability of the RNA substrate affects the enzyme rate of strand separation, whether separation occurs by an active or a passive mechanism, and whether processivity is affected. We show that sequence barriers in RNA modulate NS3 activity. NS3 processivity depends on barriers ahead of the opening fork. Our results rule out a model where NS3 passively waits for the thermal fraying of double-stranded RNA. Instead, we find that NS3 destabilizes the duplex before separating the strands. Failure to do so before a strong barrier leads to helicase dissociation and limits the processivity of the enzyme.
Comparison of Jet Injection and Needle-Syringe Injection Techniques in Production of Edema

A biopsy desiccation method was used to demonstrate the production of edema fluid after administration of a local anesthetic solution by jet and needle-syringe injection techniques. The jet injection technique produced less edema fluid than the needle-syringe injection technique.
Catalytic Enantioselective Retro‐Aldol Reactions: Kinetic Resolution of β‐Hydroxyketones with Aldolase Antibodies

High enantiomeric enrichment after 50% conversion: Racemates of aldols can be resolved by the title reaction [Eq.(1)] by use of the aldolase antibody 38C2 or 33F12; the ee values of the unconverted aldols are greater than 95% in most cases. Since the antibodies also catalyze the aldol reaction-that is, the reverse reaction-it is possible to prepare both enantiomers using the same antibody catalysts.
Distributions of Parameters and Features of Multiple Bond Ruptures in Force Spectroscopy by Atomic Force Microscopy

Force spectroscopy measurement of rupture forces of bound molecules becomes an important physicochemical tool in characterizing intermolecular interactions. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements are among the most common approaches in implementation of this technique. Kinetic information about the molecular bond under study is usually extracted assuming that the detected rupture force comes from rupturing of a single bond. However, multiple bond ruptures might occur in experiments. In this article, we consider how the presence of multiple bonds is manifested in the distribution of parameters that are typically extracted in force spectroscopy experiments. Of particular interest here are the distributions of rupture forces and Kuhn lengths of polymeric tethers. We show that multiple bond ruptures might contribute to the measured distributions even when these distributions have a well-defined single peak. Also, we consider how the probability to form multiple bonds depends on probe velocity. The develop...
The impact of social design on user contributions to online communities

The World Wide Web has become increasingly participatory through the widespread adoption of interfaces that facilitate user-generated content. These interfaces can be made more social by allowing users to view and respond to the actions of others. For example, Flickr (http://flickr.com) encourages photo sharing by allowing users to view and comment on others' photos, and Amazon (http://amazon.com) encourages purchases through the use of book reviews, discussion forums, and recommendations. In this thesis, we explore the utility of social designs for improving the quality and quantity of user contributions to online communities. We investigate the use of social design at several levels. First, in a series of online field experiments in MovieLens (http://movielens.org), we examine the potential for increasing the quantity of user contributions through the display of personalized, social information. Second, in a comparative, controlled field study across a variety of popular question and answer (Q&A) sites, we compare different models of participation and their impact on the quality of user contributions. Finally, in a study of hand-coded questions from several Q&A sites, we use machine learning techniques to understand the characteristics of users' requests that are predictive of informational quality. We find evidence that appropriate use of social information can increase the quantity of user contributions: social comparisons led MovieLens members to rate more movies, and persuasive messages to visit the MovieLens discussion forum were most effective when they compared the user viewing the message to another member. We also find evidence that the unstructured participation models characteristic of Web 2.0 sites increase the quantity, diversity, and responsiveness of user contributions, with no apparent overall cost to information quality. However, we find that unstructured participation leads many users to treat these sites as purely social resources. Therefore, to better support the utility of Q&A sites as informational resources, we contribute a computational framework that can reliably characterize user interactions as informational or conversational.
2,3-Dihydrowithaferin A-3β-O-sulfate, a new potential prodrug of withaferin A from aeroponically grown Withania somnifera

Preparations of the roots of the medicinal plant Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal commonly called ashwagandha have been used for millennia in the Ayurvedic medical tradition of India as a general tonic to relieve stress and enhance health, especially in the elderly. In modern times, ashwagandha has been shown to possess intriguing antiangiogenic and anticancer activity, largely attributable to the presence of the steroidal lactone withaferin A as the major constituent. When cultured using the aeroponic technique, however, this plant was found to produce a new natural product, 2,3-dihydrowithaferin A-3beta-O-sulfate (1), as the predominant constituent of methanolic extracts prepared from aerial tissues. The characteristic bioactivities exhibited by 1 including inhibition of cancer cell proliferation/survival, disruption of cytoskeletal organization and induction of the cellular heat-shock response paralleled those displayed by withaferin A (2). The delayed onset of action and reduced potency of 1 in cell culture along with previous observations demonstrating the requirement of the 2(3)-double bond in withanolides for bioactivity suggested that 1 might be converted to 2 in cell culture media and this was confirmed by HPLC analysis. The abundant yield of 1 from aeroponically cultivated plants, its good aqueous solubility and spontaneous conversion to 2 under cell culture conditions, suggest that 1 could prove useful as a readily formulated prodrug of withaferin A that merits further evaluation in animal models.
Critique of a New Theory of Gravitation

Hoyle & Narlikar (1964d) have developed a new theory of gravitation, for which they claim that it is a direct interparticle action theory, that it 'is equivalent to that of Einstein in the description of macroscopic phenomena, and hence the situation is the same so far as the classical tests of general relativity are concerned', that the sign of the gravitational constant is correctly determined, and that it has other advantages over Einstein's theory such as implying the absence of solutions representing an empty universe. In the present paper, it is shown that these claims are largely unsubstantiated.
Managed care: form, function, and evolution.

During the last decade, health care in the United States has become a cost-conscious and, in some instances, a cost-driven industry. To a large measure, this focus on price explains the reasons behind the phenomenal growth of managed-care companies in the last ten years. These arrangements are now an integral component of the nation's health-care-delivery system, and many experienced observers believe that they have the potential to reduce or eliminate much of the inefficiency in the current system. Health-care plans such as those offered by health-maintenance organizations (HMOs) are thought to provide comprehensive coverage for enrollees at a lower cost than is associated with the episodic care that people receive under traditional indemnity policies. An HMO delivers comprehensive, coordinated medical services to voluntarily enrolled members on a prepaid basis. The risks and costs are frequently borne by the provider (the independent clinical professionals and institutions that furnish services to the consumer). As the HMO is obligated to provide all medically necessary care to its enrollees, it is thought to have a direct incentive for making sure that its members remain healthy. Managed care has been greeted by many legislators, business leaders, and health-policy experts as a promising alternative to traditional indemnity health coverage. Since 1973, employers who are self-insured—typically, large corporations—have been required by federal law to include an HMO as part of any list of options for health-care coverage that they offer to their employees. Starting in the 1970's with non-profit plans such as those offered by Kaiser-Permanente of California, the industry expanded rapidly and, by the 1980's, many for-profit programs were in operation. With the for-profit models available, the private-insurance sector that once avoided controlling services moved far in the direction of managed care, sometimes blurring the distinction between traditional insurance providers and managed-care plans. More than fifty …
Decoupling of the amygdala to other salience network regions in adolescent-onset recurrent major depressive disorder

Background Recent meta-analyses of resting-state networks in major depressive disorder (MDD) implicate network disruptions underlying cognitive and affective features of illness. Heterogeneity of findings to date may stem from the relative lack of data parsing clinical features of MDD such as phase of illness and the burden of multiple episodes. Method Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 17 active MDD and 34 remitted MDD patients, and 26 healthy controls (HCs) across two sites. Participants were medication-free and further subdivided into those with single v. multiple episodes to examine disease burden. Seed-based connectivity using the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) seed to probe the default mode network as well as the amygdala and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) seeds to probe the salience network (SN) were conducted. Results Young adults with remitted MDD demonstrated hyperconnectivity of the left PCC to the left inferior frontal gyrus and of the left sgACC to the right ventromedial prefrontal cortex (PFC) and left hippocampus compared with HCs. Episode-independent effects were observed between the left PCC and the right dorsolateral PFC, as well as between the left amygdala and right insula and caudate, whereas the burden of multiple episodes was associated with hypoconnectivity of the left PCC to multiple cognitive control regions as well as hypoconnectivity of the amygdala to large portions of the SN. Conclusions This is the first study of a homogeneous sample of unmedicated young adults with a history of adolescent-onset MDD illustrating brain-based episodic features of illness.
The Natech: Right-to-Know as Space-Time Puzzle

Federal environmental law began with a plea: that agencies and other parties consider, and mitigate, the environmental impacts of their work. The task remains unfulfilled given the nature of those impacts: They feature system effects, nonlinear interactions, feedback loops, discontinuous and threshold dynamics, and uncertain boundaries. The administrative state has limited means to address them. It relies on artificial constructs to assess and respond to impacts, such as worst-case scenarios, reasonable foreseeability, and scales that are either inappropriately narrow (“linked” projects) or large and vague (“program-level”). Right-to-know laws share this shortcoming, a product of the disasters that led to their enactment and the laws to which they were appended. In place for a quarter century, the framework is under renewed scrutiny. Recent accidents reveal risks from new and repurposed infrastructure, and point to chemical listing, threshold, labeling, and other potential reforms. But these are incremental adjustments to a baseline approach to chemical risk that operates under longstanding temporal and spatial constraints. Right-to-know privileges annualized data and the state of knowledge shortly after a release beyond a facility boundary. These choices limit data available for emergency response, particularly when chemical processing, oil and gas production, and other infrastructure are placed under stress. To explore how right-to-know laws can better account for system effects, I focus not on the black swan events or worst-case scenarios that shape new legislation and consume an outsized portion of administrative resources, but rather on increasingly common, geographically dispersed, and temporally discontinuous infrastructure stressors known as natechs. A natech event occurs when a natural hazard such as a storm, earthquake, or flood triggers technological accidents that result in the release of chemical agents into the environment. Natechs share several traits, including simultaneous releases, cascading and domino effects, and scattered or inaccessible infrastructure. They often occur under “best case” conditions, due to the weakness of the natural hazard trigger or the readiness of infrastructure in its path. They lead to non-state responses that identify, reconstruct, and track cumulative impacts that would be lost to regularized reporting at discrete scales. These non-state responses ensure situational awareness in emergent spaces, irrespective of facility boundary. And they suggest event sequences that can be leveraged for hazard mitigation. By focusing on a growing inventory of mundane infrastructure stressors, natechs can serve as proxies for some of the cumulative, delayed, distributed, and nonlinear impacts that environmental laws find difficult to address.
Master the Tax System for Gambling Winnings and Losses

Facts in Libutti - Mr. Libutti gambled extensively at Trump Plaza in Atlantic City. Upon audit by the IRS, Mr. Libutti received total assessments for the three years involved in excess of $1.4 million. Mr. Libutti incurred losses at Trump Plaza of $4,139,100 in 1987, $3,080,050 in 1988, and $1,215,900 in 1989. "Comps" during this time totaled $443,278 in 1987, $974,992 in 1988, and $1,126,856 in 1989. The "comps" included these automobiles: five Rolls Royces, three Ferraris, one Bentley Corniche, and one Mercedes Benz. "Comped" vacations included five to Europe and one to California. Jewelry "comps" included a Rolex watch and bracelet, a 2.7carat diamond, and various other bracelets and earrings. Mr. Libutti was also "comped" 178 bottles of Cristal Rose champagne. Entertainment "comps" included tickets to the theater and sporting events such as the Super Bowl, NCAA basketball tournament, boxing events, and the United States Open in Flushing Meadows. Main Issue in Libutti - The IRS, in disallowing the losses claimed by Mr. Libutti, determined that gambling losses are only allowed to the extent they offset gains from wagering. In essence, the "comp" income reported from the Casino, according to the IRS, could not be treated as "gains from wagering" as defined by Section 165(d). The article covers issues related to the many activities that constitute gambling as defined under Federal taxation laws. The various activities of casino gambling (slot machines, blackjack, roulette, etc.), lottery playing, raffles, horse racing, dog racing, bingo, sweepstakes and others are covered. In addition, the proper tax treatment of gambling activities (winnings and losses) is included. Moreover, special and unique issues related to the topic of gambling are also addressed including the distinctions in the law between the recreational and professional gambler. The taxpayer who participates in gambling activities, whether a recreational gambler or a professional gambler, must be aware that tax issues are involved. It is incumbent upon the taxpayer to be able to substantiate and validate gambling losses in order to offset some or all of the gambling winnings. It is possible for gambling to be classified as a taxpayer's profession. In such a case, the gambler would then report the results of gambling activities on Schedule C. In addition to being able to deduct gambling losses, a professional gambler would also be able to deduct other ordinary and necessary business expenses related to the trade or business (e.g. travel, meals, professional fees, etc.). However, for these additional deductions to be available, the gambling winnings would need to be greater than related gambling losses (i.e. result in net gambling income for the year). Over the years, the courts have been faced with many cases where the issue involved was whether the taxpayer could be found to be in the trade or business of gambling. Although many issues have surfaced in this regard, the primary issue has been determining the definition of trade or business.
Investigation of Torque Security Problems in Electrified Vehicles

Functional safety of hybrid electric and electric vehicles has attracted a great deal of attention among automobile industries worldwide. Torque security is one of the main hazards that should be considered for functional safety of electrified vehicles. Over the past decades, a significant number of accidents have been reported to be caused by unintended acceleration that results from torque security problems. This paper investigates the factors related to torque security problems in electric vehicles using the Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA) approach. The fault scenarios that can potentially result in loss of torque security in electrified vehicles are evaluated in a simulation study.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
BM-10SYSTEMIC TREATMENT AND RADIATION NECROSIS FOLLOWING GKSRS IN THE TREATMENT OF BRAIN METASTASES

INTRODUCTION: Based on anecdotal evidence from our institution, we sought to investigate the hypothesis that systemic therapy, and in particular newer immune therapy agents (IT) would increase the risk of developing radiation necrosis (RN) following stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with Gamma Knife (GK) for brain metastases (BM). METHODS: All patients undergoing GK at our institution between 2006 and 2012 were reviewed. 189 patients were identified of whom 183 survived more than 6 months. Details including type of systemic therapy (cytotoxic chemotherapy (CT), targeted therapy (TT) and immune therapy (IT) were recorded. Timing of ST in relation to GK was also recorded (before, during, less than 6 months and more than 6 months post GK). Logisitic regression was used to calculate the odds of developing RN by type of ST. RESULTS: Median follow up was 11.7 months. 42 patients (23%) developed RN of which 13 received IT alone. On univariate analysis, IT alone was associated with an increased risk of developing RN compared to CT alone (OR-2.44 [95%CI 1.02-5.79], p= 0.044) ) Multivariate analysis showed a trend towards an increased risk of RN with any IT (OR 1.9 {95%CI 0.91-3.99], p = 0.09) while receving any CT was found to be protective against RN (OR 0.39 [95% CI 0.19-0.79}, p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Use of immune based therapies in patients receiving SRS for BM was associated with an increased risk of RN. Further investigation is needed to characterize these changes including to determine whether the increased rate of RN is due to a pro inflammatory effect of immune therapy or an interaction with radiation.
A Novel Real Time Framework for Cluster Based Multicast Communication in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

In a vehicular ad hoc network VANET, the vehicles communicate with each other to develop an intelligent transport system ITS which provides safety and convenience while driving. The major challenge of VANET is that the topology changes dynamically due to the high speed and unpredictable mobility of vehicles resulting in an inefficient real time message dissemination, especially in emergency scenarios such as in the accident event where it can cause high level of destruction. To the best of our knowledge, there is no such mechanism in existing literature which can handle real time multicast communication in VANET for both urban and highway scenarios. In this paper, we propose a novel real time vehicular communication RTVC framework which consists of a VANET cluster scheme VCS and VANET multicast routing VMR to achieve efficient vehicle communication within both urban and highway scenarios. The RTVC framework develops stable communication links and achieves high throughput with low overhead despite high mobility by combining the multicast routing with a unique cluster based scheme. In VCS, the cluster head CH is elected upon cluster threshold value CTV to disseminate the messages within the cluster members CMs and to other cluster heads by intercluster communication, which reduces the network overhead. In addition, the vehicles cluster head election VCHE procedure is proposed to reduce the number of CHs and CMs switches which results in lower overhead of maintaining the clusters. Moreover, another novelty of the framework is that the CTV of VCHE can be adjusted by speed adjustment factor SAF to achieve the desired cluster stability depending upon the required VANET application. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed framework has achieved the goal of stable, efficient, and real time communication despite highly dynamic environment of VANET.
A positive recognition algorithm for fake plate vehicles based on fusion strategy

To extend the recognition scope and improve the recognition precision and efficiency,apositive recognition algorithm for fake plate vehicles is proposed based on fusion strategy in this paper.First,the captured vehicle images are recognized by license plate recognition(LPR)algorithm.According to the recognition result of LPR,the time difference of capture is obtained for two vehicle images that are classified as the same.Based on the principle that it is unreasonable for a vehicle to appear in the same place or different places in an extremely short time,the first level of positive recognition is implemented by using the time difference information.Then an improved multi-label algorithm is adopted to calculate the Nshortest paths between any two monitor locations in the traffic network.A vehicle′s weighted average velocity is obtained by using the path distance and time difference.A reliability of fake plate is further calculated according to the real-time traffic information.Thus the second level of positive recognition is implemented by using the velocity information.Experiments are conducted on the real world data from an intelligent transportation System(ITS).And the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is effective to perform the positive recognition for fake plate vehicles.
Food safety in common carp transferred with salmon growth hormone genes——Reproductive toxicity analysis

The mice was fed diets containing flesh of transgenic and non-transgenic common carp(Cyprinus carpio) at a rate of 0%(control group),10%,5% and 2.5% and measured reproduction of two generations to evaluate effects of transgenic carp on the propagation and some of indices of the mice.The results showed that no biological meaning and abnormal changes were observed in the mice feed with transgenic carp,though there were statistically significant differences in some indexes between the experimental and the control groups.Statistical and biological analysis of each single index and all indices in the treatments and the control group revealed that no reproductive toxicity of transgenic carp to male and female mice was found in two generations.
The Natural History of Petroclival Meningiomas: A Volumetric Study.

Objectives This study characterizes primary petroclival meningioma growth rates, before intervention, using volumetric analysis. In addition, predictors of growth are analyzed. Methods Patients with previously untreated petroclival meningiomas were retrospectively reviewed (1999-2015). Image analysis software was used to perform volumetric analyses of tumor size and growth. Three-dimensional segmentation volumetric analyses were compared with volumes estimated utilizing three orthogonal dimensions. Tumor growth was defined as a 15% increase in volume. Results Thirty-four patients who underwent at least two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies before intervention were included. The mean age was 55.2 years, and 65.7% were women. The mean tumor volume at presentation was 5.6 cm (range, 0.1-25.8 cm) as determined from segmentation volumetric analysis. At a mean follow-up of 44.5 months (range, 3.7-125.1 mo), 88.2% of tumors grew. The mean annual volumetric growth rate was 2.38 cm/yr (-0.63 to 25.9 cm/yr). Tumor volume, T2 hyperintensity within the tumor, peritumoral edema, and ataxia and/or cerebellar symptoms at presentation were all significantly associated with greater rates of tumor growth. Ultimately, 10 (29.4%) patients underwent treatment during the follow-up period. Conclusion Our experience demonstrates that the vast majority (88%) of untreated petroclival meningiomas grow; the mean volumetric growth rate was noted to be 2.38 cm/yr. We found a significant association between increased growth rate and larger tumor size at diagnosis, T2 hyperintensity within the tumor, peritumoral edema, and the presence of ataxia and/or cerebellar symptoms.
Abschließendes zur Rezeption

In den fruheren Kapiteln ist deutlich geworden, wie sehr die Ausgaben von Novalis Schriften, die Friedrich Schlegel, Ludwig Tieck und Eduard von Bulow zusammengestellt hatten, die wissenschaftlich-kritische Rezeption fur mehr als ein Jahrhundert bestimmten bzw. beeintrachtigten (zur redaktionellen Herstellung des »Novalis«-Mythos durch Schlegel, Tieck und von Bulow vgl. O’Brien 1992; zur Rezeptionsgeschichte vgl. Uerlings 1991, besonders S. 17–104 und 523–541). So folgte 1953–57 Ewald Wasmuth in seiner vierbandigen Edition der Werke, Briefe, Dokumente dem Beispiel von Tieck und Schlegel und organisierte die »Fragmente« nach ihren Hauptthemen anstatt sie chronologisch anzuordnen; zu dieser Zeit galt Friedrich von Hardenberg bei vielen Lesern und Kritikern immer noch als der zeitenthobene Mystiker, dessen Verkundungen mit den Umstanden ihrer Entstehung nur wenig zu tun hatten.
In vitro bactericidal activity of blue light (465 nm) phototherapy on meticillin-susceptible and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius.

Background Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the most common cause of bacterial skin infections in dogs. Meticillin-resistant infections have become more common and are challenging to treat. Blue light phototherapy may be an option for treating these infections. Hypothesis/Objectives The objective of this study was to measure the in vitro bactericidal activity of 465 nm blue light on meticillin-susceptible Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MSSP) and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP). We hypothesized that irradiation with blue light would kill MSSP and MRSP in a dose-dependent fashion in vitro as previously reported for meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Methods In six replicate experiments, each strain [MSSP, n = 1; MRSP ST-71 (KM1381) n = 1; and MRSA (BAA-1680) n = 1] were cultivated on semisolid media, irradiated using a 465 nm blue light phototherapeutic device at the cumulative doses of 56.25, 112.5 and 225 J/cm2 and incubated overnight at 35°C. Controls were not irradiated. Colony counts (CC) were performed manually. Descriptive statistics were performed and treatment effects assessed using the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney rank-sum test. Bonferroni-corrected rank-sum tests were performed for post hoc analysis when significant differences were identified. Results There was a significant decrease in CC with blue light irradiation at all doses for MRSA (P = 0.0006) but not for MSSP (P = 0.131) or MRSP (P = 0.589). Conclusions Blue light phototherapy significantly reduced CC of MRSA, but not of MSSP or MRSP. The mechanism for the relative photosensitivity of the MRSA isolate is unknown, but is hypothesized to be due to an increased concentration of porphyrin in S. aureus relative to S. pseudintermedius, which would modulate blue light absorption.
Disturbances of Sinoatrial Node Function

The spectrum of human cardiac performance is amazingly broad with cardiac output varying 10–20-fold between that measured during the deepest of sleep to that seen at peak of exercise. In large part this tremendous cardiac reserve is modulated both by cardiac contractility as well as the heart rate itself. While many factors can affect contractility, heart rate as almost entirely regulated by the autonomic mediation of the sinoatrial (SA) node pacemaker. While uninhibited enhancement of sympathetic tone can result in normal sinus rates over 200/min in many young health individuals, uninhibited and un hindered parasympathetic (vagal) tone can completely suppress all SA nodal activity, even when there is no intrinsic abnormality of the node itself. Consequently, “SA node dysfunction,” manifested as symptomatic sinus pauses or SA nodal exit block, may not represent true intrinsic SA node disease, but instead, could merely result from dramatic neurogenic influences exerted by the autonomic nervous system (Figure 9-1). Therefore, one of the challenges facing the electrophysiologist in evaluating assumed abnormalities of the SA node is distinguishing between intrinsic SA node disease and functional (physiological) disturbances of SA node function related to extrinsic influences such as the autonomic nervous system.
Algorithm for Posttraumatic Rhinoplasty

Rhinoplasty has been considered the most difficult aesthetic surgery procedure. There are multiple variables contributing to the difficulty of this operation including skin thickness; interplay between bone, cartilage, and mucosa; surgeon experience; and patient’s expectations. Posttraumatic rhinoplasties are particularly difficult because of the added variables of the initial trauma, septal deformities, as well as frequent airflow obstruction complaints from the patient. Gross deviations of the nasal complex are often the norm and not the exception when addressing posttraumatic rhinoplasty. The purpose of this chapter is to describe a step-by-step approach in treating patients with a posttraumatic nasal deformity.
Abstract 16714: The “Apolipoprotein EBethesda” Variant is a Digenic Phenotype of APOE p.R176C/GALNT2 p.D314A

Introduction: Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a key protein in lipoprotein metabolism that protects against atherosclerosis. In 1982, a novel apoE protein isoform in a Type III hyperlipidemia patient was described by Brewer and colleagues at NIH. The proband had total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels up to 550 and 900 mg/dL, respectively, and xanthomas that resolved with treatment. The VLDL-cholesterol to TG ratio, however, remained greater than 0.3. This Type III hyperlipidemia phenotype is generally associated with APOE c.526C>T;p.R176C (“apoE2”) homozygosity, but isoelectric focusing suggested the patient was a compound heterozygote for apoE2 and a new apoE isoform, “Apolipoprotein E Bethesda ” (apoE Bethesda, also known as “apolipoprotein E Bethesda”). These findings suggested that apoE Bethesda may be coded by a new APOE allele. However, sequencing data showed the patient was only heterozygous for apoE2 and no novel “apoE Bethesda ” mutation was ever found. The proband’s son, also a Type III hyperlipidemic patient with both the apoE2 and apoE Bethesda isoforms, continued to be followed at NIH. Hypothesis & Methods: We hypothesized that exome sequencing of the proband’s son would identify the molecular defect in the “ApoE Bethesda ” isoform. Exome sequencing using Illumina TruSeq capture and HiSeq sequencing with standard chemistry was employed. Results: Relevant clinical data (on statins, niacin, and natural lipid supplements) were: apoA-I, 174; apoB, 78; TC, 190; TG, 124; HDL-C, 66; LDL-C, 102; BNP, 156; CT- Calcium, 1108. Off medications, TC and TG were 323 and 2030 mg/dL, respectively. The patient was confirmed to be heterozygous for APOE2 but again, no novel “apoE Bethesda ” mutations were found. He was, however, heterozygous for GALNT2 c.941A>C;p.D314A. GALNT2 is a key enzyme in O-glycosylation. Conclusion: We suggest that the “apoE Bethesda ” phenotype is actually the consequence of digenic mutations for APOE c.526C>T;p.R176C (APOE2) , coupled with a mutation in GALNT2, which causes defective glycosylation of APOE. GALNT2 is known to glycosylate apoC-III and our hypothesis is that APOE or APOE2 is also a substrate for this enzyme. Functional studies are underway to address this hypothesis.
Awareness and Ever Use of "Heat-Not-Burn" Tobacco Products Among U.S. Adults, 2017.

Introduction Heated tobacco products, sometimes marketed as “heat-not-burn” technology, represent a diverse class of products that heat leaf tobacco to produce an inhaled aerosol. Global sales of heated tobacco products are increasing; however, the extent of current heated tobacco product awareness and use in the U.S. is unknown. This study assessed awareness and ever use of heated tobacco products among U.S. adults. Methods Data were obtained from the 2017 SummerStyles, an Internet survey of U.S. adults aged ≥18 years (N=4,107). Respondents were given a description of heated tobacco products, then asked about awareness and ever use. In 2017, descriptive statistics were calculated overall and by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and cigarette smoking status. Logistic regression was used to calculate AORs. Results In 2017, a total of 5.2% of U.S. adults were aware of heated tobacco products, including 9.9% of current cigarette smokers. Overall, 0.7% of U.S. adults, including 2.7% of current smokers, reported ever use of heated tobacco products. Odds of ever use were higher among current smokers (AOR=6.18) than never smokers, and higher among adults aged Conclusions As of July 2017, few U.S. adults had ever used heated tobacco products; however, about one in 20 were aware of the products, including one in ten cigarette smokers. The uncertain impact of heated tobacco products on individual- and population-level health warrants timely and accurate public health surveillance. These first estimates among U.S. adults can serve as a key baseline measure.
Application of robust monotonically convergent spatial iterative learning control to microscale additive manufacturing

Abstract Microscale additive manufacturing μ -AM processes are a class of manufacturing processes used to fabricate micron-sized structures in a sequence of direct additions of materials as instructed by a digital file, as opposed to the lithographic patterning and subtractive etching used in traditional microscale manufacturing. Despite being sophisticated, numerically controlled tools, material addition is an open-loop process which requires continual user intervention to heuristically tune process parameters. This paper details the first experimental demonstration of a run-to-run feedback algorithm termed Spatial Iterative Learning Control (SILC), a framework previously introduced by the authors to enable robust, auto-regulation of sensitive μ -AM processes [1, 2]. We demonstrate that SILC enables us to autonomously fabricate complex topography structures with as small as 5 µm x - and y -axis resolution and ∼ 113 nm feature height accuracy, without any heuristic tuning by a user. Lastly, it was observed that an SILC design was robust to system faults, as demonstrated by the ability to recover from both an actuator and sensor fault in two iterations.
Proceedings of the 13th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services

Welcome to MobiSys 2015, the 13th Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services. This year's technical program covers a wide and rich range of topics in mobile systems. The research themes include wearable computing, privacy and security, gaming, wireless networks, and more. We are delighted to anchor the technical program with keynote talks by Dr. Krishan Sabnani and Dr. Deborah Estrin. Drs. Sabnani and Estrin have been leading researchers in Internet design, wireless networks, and sensing for over twenty years. In addition to the keynotes, we have an exciting technical program that includes 29 full-length technical papers chosen by the technical program committee (TPC). This year, we had a record number of 219 submissions. To reduce the number of reviews each TPC member had to write, we augmented the TPC with an external review committee (ERC) of 30 experts. Most ERC members reviewed seven papers during the initial round of the review process. Our review process consisted of three rounds. In the first round, all submissions received three reviews, each written by a member of the TPC or ERC. If a reviewer recommended that a paper be accepted, the paper advanced to the second round. In the second round, papers received two or more additional reviews. At the end of the second round, reviewers discussed each remaining paper online to determine whether it should advance to the third round of decisions. The third round of decisions occurred during an all-day face-to-face meeting of the TPC. By the conclusion of this meeting, the TPC had identified the 29 papers in the program. Finally, all accepted papers were shepherded by a TPC member to ensure that the final manuscripts met the standards of the committee. We also took strict precautions throughout the review process to avoid conflicts of interest.
Prophetic Endurance and Eschatological Restoration: Exhortation and Conclusion in the Epistle of James:

The epistle of James provides a window into a messianic movement that is beginning to develop into a community of faithful amidst a larger Hellenistic socio-cultural environment. It presents a seri...
Analysis and numerical solution of a nonlinear variable-order fractional differential equation

We prove the wellposedness of a nonlinear variable-order fractional differential equation and the regularity of its solutions. The regularity of the solutions is determined solely by the values of the variable order and its high-order derivatives at time t = 0 (in addition to the usual regularity assumptions on the variable order and the coefficients). If the variable-order reduces to an integer order at t = 0, then the solution has full regularity as the solution to a first-order ordinary differential equation. In this case, we prove that the corresponding finite difference scheme discretized on a uniform mesh has an optimal-order convergence rate. However, if the variable order does not reduce to an integer order at t = 0, then the solution has a singularity at time t = 0, as Stynes et al. proved in [15] for the constant-order time-fractional diffusion equations. The corresponding finite difference scheme discretized on a uniform mesh has only a suboptimal-order convergence rate. Instead, we prove that the finite difference scheme discretized on a graded mesh determined by the value of the variable order at time t = 0 has an optimal-order convergence rate in terms of the number of the time steps. Numerical experiments substantiate these theoretical results.
Managing farm ponds as breeding sites for amphibians: key trade-offs in agricultural function and habitat conservation.

Millions of farm ponds have been constructed in agricultural landscapes around the globe. These ponds are built to support a variety of functions, including erosion control, cattle grazing, and recreational fishing, but their role as breeding habitat for amphibians remains poorly understood. We addressed this knowledge gap by studying farm ponds in the eastern Great Plains of the United States, a pond-dense region dominated by agriculture. We used field surveys and occupancy modeling to identify the important biophysical components of amphibian habitat and to assess the species-specific effects of cattle and fish presence on breeding occupancy. We next used a chronosequence to determine whether pond renovation, which often occurs when ponds are about 40 yr old, threatens the development of amphibian habitat. Nine amphibian species bred in the farm ponds that we surveyed, and the relationship between breeding occupancy and habitat variables varied by species. We found that the pH conditions associated with amphibian breeding occupancy were significantly more likely to occur in older ponds (>50 yr old). Emergent vegetation cover was also associated with increased breeding probability and rarely reached high levels in newer ponds. Since the older ponds with suitable habitat are at an age where renovation is likely needed to restore their agricultural function, this habitat may be at risk. We suggest that conservation of amphibians in farm ponds in the United States will require adopting renovation and management practices that balance the multiple uses of these sites and maintain a mosaic of pond successional states.
A Multilayer Dielectric Filled Radial Substrate Integrated Waveguide Slot Antenna

A narrow slot antenna is excited by designing a radial substrate integrated waveguide (R-SIW) having TE 10 mode. The length of the narrow slot antenna is increased to achieve wide impedance bandwidth and is found to be 10.61%, after simulation. In order to further increase the performance of the narrow slot antenna, in terms of gain and the shape of the principal E-plane radiation pattern; an engineered layer consisting of metal strips and EBG are constructed on top of the R-SIW. The simulated results for the realized gain and the principal radiation patterns are presented, and are compared with the presence and absence of an engineered layer. A peak realized gain of 11.5 dB at 30 GHz and impedance bandwidth of 10.5% are observed from frequency range 28.6 - 32 GHz, for the narrow slot antenna including the engineered layer.
An empirical stock-flow consistent macroeconomic model for Denmark

This paper emphasizes the need for understanding the interdependencies between the real and financial sides of the economy in macroeconomic models. While the real side of the economy is generally well explained in macroeconomic models, the financial side and its interaction with the real economy remains poorly understood. This paper makes an attempt to model the interdependencies between the real and financial sides of the economy in Denmark while adopting a stock-flow consistent approach. The model is estimated using Danish data for the period 1995–2016. The model is simulated to create a baseline scenario for the period 2017– 30, against which the effects of two standard shocks (fiscal shocks and interest rate shocks) are analyzed. Overall, our model is able to replicate the stylized facts, as will be discussed. While the model structure is fairly simple due to different constraints, the use of the stockflow approach makes it possible to explain several transmission mechanisms through which real economic behavior can affect the balance sheets, and at the same time capture the feedback effects from the balance sheets to the real economy. Finally, we discuss certain limitations of our model.
Anisotropic elastic theory of preloaded granular media

A macroscopic elastic description of stresses in static, preloaded granular media is derived systematically from the microscopic elasticity of individual inter-grain contacts. The assumed preloaded state and friction at contacts ensure that the network of inter-grain contacts is not altered by small perturbations. The texture of this network, set by the preparation of the system, is encoded in second and fourth order fabric tensors. A small perturbation generates both normal and tangential inter-grain forces, the latter causing grains to reorient. This reorientation response and the incremental stress are expressed in terms of the macroscopic strain.
Reconstruction of Charged Particle Tracks in Realistic Detector Geometry Using a Vectorized and Parallelized Kalman Filter Algorithm

One of the most computationally challenging problems expected for the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) is finding and fitting particle tracks during event reconstruction. Algorithms used at the LHC today rely on Kalman filtering, which builds physical trajectories incrementally while incorporating material effects and error estimation. Recognizing the need for faster computational throughput, we have adapted Kalman-filterbased methods for highly parallel, many-core SIMD and SIMT architectures that are now prevalent in high-performance hardware. Previously we observed significant parallel speedups, with physics performance comparable to CMS standard tracking, on Intel Xeon, Intel Xeon Phi, and (to a limited extent) NVIDIA GPUs. While early tests were based on artificial events occurring inside an idealized barrel detector, we showed subsequently that our mkFit software builds tracks successfully from complex simulated events (including detector pileup) occurring inside a geometrically accurate representation of the CMS-2017 tracker. Here, we report on advances in both the computational and physics performance of mkFit, as well as progress toward integration with CMS production software. Recently we have improved the overall efficiency of the algorithm by preserving short track candidates at a relatively early stage rather than attempting to extend them over many layers. Moreover, mkFit formerly produced an excess of duplicate tracks; these are now explicitly removed in an additional processing step. We demonstrate that with these enhancements, mkFit becomes a suitable choice for the first iteration of CMS tracking, and eventually for later iterations as well. We plan to test this capability in the CMS High Level Trigger during Run 3 of the LHC, with an ultimate goal of using it in both the CMS HLT and offline reconstruction for the HL-LHC CMS tracker.
Goodness-of-Fit Tests for Stationary Gaussian Processes with Tapered Data

The paper is concerned with the construction of goodness-of-fit tests for testing a hypothesis $H_{0}$ that the hypothetical spectral density of a stationary Gaussian process $X(t)$ has the specified form, based on the tapered data. We show that in the case where the hypothetical spectral density of $X(t)$ does not depend on unknown parameters (the hypothesis $H_{0}$ is simple), then the suggested test statistic has a limiting chi-square distribution. In the case where the hypothesis $H_{0}$ is composite, that is, the hypothetical spectral density of $X(t)$ depends on an unknown parameter, we choose an appropriate estimator for unknown parameter and describe the limiting distribution of the test statistic. This distribution is similar to that of obtained by Chernov and Lehman (Ann. Math. Stat. 25(3):579–586, 1954) in the case of independent observations.