cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Who Are We? The Role of Ethics in Shaping Counselor Identity

The new ethics section editor discusses ethical dilemmas facing professional counselors in today's society and invites readers to contact him about their ideas, perspectives, and ethical situations...
Ground Water Modeling Applications Using the Analytic Element Method

Though powerful and easy to use, applications of the analytic element method are not as widespread as finite-difference or finite-element models due in part to their relative youth. Although reviews that focus primarily on the mathematical development of the method have appeared in the literature, a systematic review of applications of the method is not available. An overview of the general types of applications of analytic elements in ground water modeling is provided in this paper. While not fully encompassing, the applications described here cover areas where the method has been historically applied (regional, two-dimensional steady-state models, analyses of ground water-surface water interaction, quick analyses and screening models, wellhead protection studies) as well as more recent applications (grid sensitivity analyses, estimating effective conductivity and dispersion in highly heterogeneous systems). The review of applications also illustrates areas where more method development is needed (three-dimensional and transient simulations).
Elastic constants of 2H-MoS2 and 2H-NbSe2 extracted from measured dispersion curves and linear compressibilities

Abstract Recent neutron data on the dispersion curves and X-ray measurements of the linear compressibilities of the 2H polytypes of MoS2 and NbSe2 have been used to obtain approximate values of the five independent elastic constants of these materials. In the case of NbSe2 sufficient information is available to over-determine the elastic constants and the results are self consistent within estimated uncertainties, although the uncertainties are especially large for c33 and c11. Additional related considerations such as Debye temperatures and model calculations of c33, and c44 are also made. It is found that there is significant and unexplained disagreement between the value of the low temperature specific heat Debye temperature of NbSe2 and the value determined on the basis of the elastic constants, but that the model predictions of c33 and c44 are in satisfactory agreement with the values extracted from the neutron data for both MoS2, and NbSe2.
On the Utility of the Proximate‐Ultimate Distinction in the Study of Animal Behavior

The importance of Tinbergen's “four problems” approach lies in assuring that the answers provided are truly appropriate to the questions that are asked. No problem is any more important than any other. I suggest that the spirit of this formulation can be best realized if we revise the ways in which recent authors have grouped the various problems in the study of behavior. One consequence of this regrouping is an elimination of the proximate-ultimate dichotomy.
Infection kinetics, prostacyclin release and cytokine-mediated modulation of the mechanism of cell death during bluetongue virus infection of cultured ovine and bovine pulmonary artery and lung microvascular endothelial cells

Bluetongue virus (BTV) infection causes a haemorrhagic disease in sheep, whereas BTV infection typically is asymptomatic in cattle. Injury to the endothelium of small blood vessels is responsible for the manifestations of disease in BTV-infected sheep. The lungs are central to the pathogenesis of BTV infection of ruminants; thus endothelial cells (ECs) cultured from the pulmonary artery and lung microvasculature of sheep and cattle were used to investigate the basis for the disparate expression of bluetongue disease in the two species. Ovine and bovine microvascular ECs infected at low multiplicity with partially purified BTV were equally susceptible to BTV-induced cell death, yet ovine microvascular ECs had a lower incidence of infection and produced significantly less virus than did bovine microvascular ECs. Importantly, the relative proportions of apoptotic and necrotic cells were significantly different in BTV-infected EC cultures depending on the species of EC origin and the presence of inflammatory mediators in the virus inoculum. Furthermore, BTV-infected ovine lung microvascular ECs released markedly less prostacyclin than the other types of ECs. Results of these in vitro studies are consistent with the marked pulmonary oedema and microvascular thrombosis that characterize bluetongue disease of sheep but which rarely, if ever, occur in BTV-infected cattle.
Hegel, Global Justice, and Mutual Recognition

In recent years more and more attention has been afforded the role of recognition in Hegel’s practical philosophy. For the most part, however, such discussions have focused on Hegel’s account of individuals, their identities and their relationships. Less attention has been accorded the value of recognition theory as regards the identity and relations of groups, peoples, and nations. This chapter seeks to fill this lacuna, employing elements of Hegel’s theory of recognition and in particular his account of reciprocal recognition to elucidate themes in global justice. Attention is given to four specific topics: the place of national sovereignty in a transnational setting, cosmopolitanism, global distributive justice, and the idea of global community itself. Examining these themes from the perspective of recognition theory facilitates appreciation both of the distinctly Hegelian approach to these issues and the value of Hegelian thought for the general discourse on global justice.
Media Reflexivity and Taste: Chinese Slash Fans' Queering of European Football

This article explores Chinese female fans' appropriation of European football in their slash imagination. Through observations of online fan discussions and in-depth interviews with 12 fans, I show that they use European football to articulate distinct fan identities and their particular positionalities. These fans contrast the realism of mediated sport with realism in other entertainment genres to distinguish themselves from other sport and slash fan practices. Furthermore, while these slash fans critique feminine gender norms in their claim to sexual agency, their taste for European football is racialized in problematic ways. The particular economic, social, and cultural subject positions of these fans act as structuring factors that influence their taste for slashing European football.
Transformation of Biomass (Pyrolysis, Gasification, Combustion)

Biomass is one of the largest primary resources available, and its use results in no net carbon emissions and lower SOx and NOx. However, the transformation of biomass into fuels is very challenging because of its complex lignocellulosic structure. Although biological processes have been used to convert biomass, they require catalysts which are usually selective and generate low yields of the desired products. Thermochemical routes include gasification, pyrolysis and combustion, all of which are energy-intensive. Although combustion, through co-firing of biomass and coal, is the only proven technology, improvements are still needed to reduce environmental impacts. Research is also being conducted to implement sufficient gas mixing in the furnaces, as well as optimization of the furnace design. Because of its greater overall conversion efficiency and proven gasifier performance, gasification is more likely to be commercially viable; however, pyrolysis has great potential to produce liquid fuels as well as value-added products. Further research is needed to investigate catalytic gasification and pyrolytic processes and the catalytic upgrading of the bio-oils and gases produced. Keywords: Biomass; pyrolysis; gasification; combustion; bio-refinery; catalysis
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia therapy: new targeted therapies on the way

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The critical role of the tissue microenvironment and B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) pathogenesis, and the clinical success of targeted agents that disrupt BCR signaling are currently changing the CLL landscape. Three new drugs were recently approved for CLL therapy, and other agents are in late development.Areas covered: In this review, we summarize data on promising new targeted drugs for CLL. The heterogeneous mechanisms of actions of these molecules are described, such as the inhibition of BCR signaling, direct targeting of CD20 molecules on the CLL cell surface, and BCL-2 inhibition. We present preclinical and clinical data from phase I to III studies in order to describe efficacy and side effect profile of these new drugs. Data are derived from peer-reviewed articles indexed in PubMed and from abstracts presented at major international meetings.Expert opinion: Ibrutinib and idelalisib are challenging the role of chemo-immunotherapy in CLL t...
Inadvertent Volunteer Managers Exploring Perceptions of Volunteer Managers’ and Volunteers’ Roles in the Public Workplace

Although a voluminous literature addresses organizational change, employee stress, and organizational behavior, we have little understanding of employees’ responses to being assigned the role and responsibilities of a volunteer manager. Because many public and nonprofit organizations seek to incorporate more volunteers—especially during times of fiscal stress—employees’ responses to an influx of volunteers and additional volunteer management responsibilities can affect organizational performance. We use data from a case study at a large public library system to illustrate how role theory helps advance our understanding of these responsibilities in a human resource context. Our findings suggest that role perceptions, expectations, and conflict all inform the effectiveness and dynamics of managing important unpaid human resources: volunteers. We discuss the organizational implications of inadvertent volunteer managers—employees assigned to the volunteer manager role without prior training and experience.
The effect of immersing and tearing Amoebae in salt solutions.

Conclusions(1) These experiments emphasize the liquefying action of NaCl and the solidifying effect of CaC12, brought out previously.1(2) They also indicate that Na and K can penetrate the Amceba much more effedively than Ca or Mg.(3) Of the four salts studied, only NaCl has a disintegrative action upon the surface.(4) The tearing experiments indicate that Ca and Mg, which have very little effect on the intact Amoeba, enter the cell easily through a tear. The action of Ca is localized, and the Ameba rids itself of the dead portion by an active “pinching-off” process. Mg, on the other hand, tends to diffuse throughout the cell, and is therefore extremely toxic. These findings substantiate the results obtained in the injection experiments.(5) To antagonize toxic effects of NaCl or KC1, CaC12, must be present in a non-lethal dose.
Immobilized xanthine oxidase in the flow determination of guanase

Xanthine oxidase was immobilized by adsorption on control pore SiO2 or TiO2 beads in glass tube columns. These enzyme columns were incorporated into a flow system and used to measure xanthine by electrochemical monitoring of oxygen consumed in the oxidation of the xanthine. Guanase standards were then injected into aqueous guanine, the xanthine product of the deamination of guanine allowed to flow through the enzyme column, and the hydrogen peroxide product measured electrochemically via a coupling reaction using iodide. The analysis time per sample was 15 min, the average relative standard deviation ±7%. The measurement can alternatively be performed by spectrophotometry.
Two-day lymphoscintigraphic imaging for melanoma.

OBJECTIVES Sentinel lymph node mapping has a long history of successful use in the staging and management of cutaneous melanoma. Most practitioners inject the primary site with radiocolloid the evening before or on the day of lymphoscintigraphy. We have found that imaging the day after lymphoscintigraphic injection is quite feasible; it decreases background radioactivity and makes scheduling easier. We aimed to determine whether 2-day lymphoscintigraphy is as effective at defining nodes as 1-day lymphoscintigraphy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the records of 172 patients who underwent lymphoscintigraphy over a 6-year period, all of whom had a diagnosis of melanoma and had undergone 2-day lymphoscintigraphy with imaging on both the day of injection and the day immediately after. The number of basins and the basin pattern were then examined when a discrepancy was seen in the reports in order to decide whether an actual discrepancy between images was present. The number of nodes on same-day and next-day imaging was then evaluated as well. RESULTS On same-day imaging, the number of basins identified was three node basins (NBs) in five patients, two NBs in 42 patients, one NB in 123 patients and no NB in two patients. On next-day imaging, the number of basins identified was three NBs in five patients, two NBs in 36 patients, one NB in 129 patients and no NB in two patients. The difference in the number of basins between same-day and next-day imaging was not significant once cases such as iliac, para-aortic and pelvic nodes, which do not affect surgical planning, were excluded (P=0.08). The pattern of nodes within the basin was also examined, and the presence or disappearance of disappearing nodes correlated with timing of the next-day images. All cases of disappearing nodes occurred at least 19 h after injection, and cases of disappearance of significant nodes occurred at at least 22 h. The absolute number of nodes declined in 45 cases, remained the same in 124 and increased in three. CONCLUSION Overall, the same number of basins and, usually, nodes can be detected on the day after injection, as long as the time after injection does not significantly exceed 19 h.
Same-Sex Marriage — A Prescription for Better Health

Research suggests that discriminatory environments and bans on same-sex marriage are detrimental to health and that legalizing same-sex marriage contributes to better health for LGBT people, as well as improving access to insurance for LGBT people and their children.
Nonlinear model reduction and decentralized control of tethered formation flight by oscillation synchronization

This paper describes a fully decentralized nonlinear control law for spinning tethered formation flight, based on exploiting geometric symmetries to reduce the original nonlinear dynamics into simpler stable dynamics. Motivated by oscillation synchronization in biological systems, we use contraction theory to prove that a control law stabilizing a single-tethered spacecraft can also stabilize arbitrary large circular arrays of spacecraft, as well as the three inline configuration. The convergence result is global and exponential. Numerical simulations and experimental results using the SPHERES testbed validate the exponential stability of the tethered formation arrays by implementing a tracking control law derived from the reduced dynamics.
A Number-Theoretic Approach to Counting Subgroups of Dihedral Groups

A student research project is an open-ended question or set of questions that is intended to give undergraduate students experience doing "junior" mathematical research. Readers are invited to share especially interesting and fruitful examples of such projects in this section. Manuscripts should describe the project in a form appropriate for presentation to the student investigator and should be no more than five double-spaced typed pages. Each manuscript should have a cover page upon which is provided a title for the project, a short list of the mathematical concepts involved in its investigation, and the affiliation of the proposer. To further assist the editor in the evaluation of a project, the proposer should provide (separate from the manuscript) an assessment of its difficulty and any information available about actual experience with the project, such as the directions taken by students on the topic, the results obtained, etc. While untried projects are welcome, some justification should be given that students can make genuine progress in their research. Please send all proposals, with appropriate references, to Irl C. Bivens.
Peaks, Ridge, Passes, Valley and Pits A Slide Study of f(x, y) = Ax2 + By2

(1976). Peaks, Ridge, Passes, Valley and Pits A Slide Study of f(x, y) = Ax2 + By2. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 83, No. 5, pp. 370-370.
Structure and Function of the Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Niche

Lifelong blood cell production in a regulated manner is the result of hierarchies of hematopoietic cells responding to systemic and local signals within the bone marrow. While the cytokines that drive precursor cell proliferation and differentiation have been defined and made into powerful therapies, unraveling the regulatory circuitry of stem and progenitor populations is still a largely unrealized opportunity. Here, we review the studies that have provided information about the architectural, cellular, and molecular elements of the bone marrow that have been defined to date. Specifically, mesenchymal, endothelial, neural, and hematopoietic contributions to the governance of stem and progenitor cell function are detailed along with opportunities for future developments.
L-ethionine, an amino acid analogue, stimulates eating in rats

The fructose analogue 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol (2,5-AM) triggers feeding in rats through its actions in liver, which include a decrease in ATP due to trapping of phosphate. To determine whether decreasing liver ATP by a different means would also trigger feeding, we gave rats L-ethionine (ETH), an amino acid analogue that reduces ATP in liver by trapping adenosine as S-adenosyl-L-ethionine. ETH-treatment increased food intake from 4 to 8 h after administration, without affecting 24-h intake. Two hours after treatment, liver ATP was 25% lower in rats given ETH than in vehicle-treated controls. Circulating fuels and liver lactate and pyruvate were not affected by ETH treatment, whereas liver glycogen was 15% lower in ETH-treated rats. These results are the first to show that an amino acid analogue elicits feeding in rats fed protein-sufficient diets. Because a decrease in liver ATP is the only common effect of ETH and 2,5-AM observed thus far, a signal related to liver ATP status may be involved in the mechanism for initiation of feeding in rats.
Urea transporters and sweat response to uremia

In humans, urea is excreted in sweat, largely through the eccrine sweat gland. The urea concentration in human sweat is elevated when compared to blood urea nitrogen. The sweat urea nitrogen (UN) of patients with end‐stage kidney disease (ESRD) is increased when compared with healthy humans. The ability to produce sweat is maintained in the overwhelming majority of ESRD patients. A comprehensive literature review found no reports of sweat UN neither in healthy rodents nor in rodent models of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, this study measured sweat UN concentrations in healthy and uremic rats. Uninephrectomy followed by renal artery ligation was used to remove 5/6 of renal function. Rats were then fed a high‐protein diet to induce uremia. Pilocarpine was used to induce sweating. Sweat droplets were collected under oil. Sweat UN was measured with a urease assay. Serum UN was measured using a fluorescent ortho‐pthalaldehyde reaction. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was accomplished with a horseradish peroxidase and diaminobenzidine technique. Sweat UN in uremic rats was elevated greater than two times compared to healthy pair‐fed controls (220 ± 17 and 91 ± 15 mmol/L, respectively). Post hoc analysis showed a significant difference between male and female uremic sweat UN (279 ± 38 and 177 ± 11 mmol/L, respectively.) IHC shows, for the first time, the presence of the urea transporters UT‐B and UT‐A2 in both healthy and uremic rat cutaneous structures. Future studies will use this model to elucidate how rat sweat UN and other solute excretion is altered by commonly prescribed diuretics.
Abstract 515: Survivin contributes to radiation resistance in head and neck cancer through regulation of DNA damage repair

Background: A major challenge affecting outcomes of patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN) is radiation resistance. Overexpression of survivin is associated with radiation resistance and poor survival. Our study objectives were to: 1) evaluate the effects of survivin expression level on radiosensitivity in SCCHN cell lines; 2) identify the effect of survivin on DNA damage repair following radiation exposure in SCCHN cells; 3) evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of the combination therapy of survivin inhibitor YM155 and radiation in SCCHN. Methods: SCCHN cell lines, including JHU-022, PCI-15A and Tu686 were used to evaluate the role of survivin in DNA double strand break (DSB) repair following radiation exposure. To determine whether survivin specifically targets the sites of DNA damage, we performed ChIP assays using PCI-15A cells carrying the DR-GFP homologous recombination reporter. The in vitro effects of YM155 on sensitizing resistant cells to radiation were also evaluated using these cell lines. Results: The fraction surviving radiation was about 2.5-fold greater in PCI-15A and Tu686 cells compared with that in JHU-022 cells. As expected, survivin protein levels were elevated in PCI-15A and Tu686 cells compared with JHU-022 cells, suggesting an inverse correlation between survivin expression and radiosensitivity. Clonogenic survival following radiation exposure was inhibited by depletion of survivin in PCI-15A cells by siRNA, and increased by overexpression of survivin in JHU-022 cells. Inhibition of survivin by YM155 enhances the efficacy of radiation in PCI-15A cells. Immunoblotting revealed that radiation induced nuclear accumulation of survivin and its complex with γ-H2X, and DNA-PKCs in PCI-15A cells, suggesting survivin was involved in DNA damage response and repair induced by radiation. ChIP assay further confirmed that survivin specifically targeted and bound to the DNA DSB site, which is consistent with results obtained from immunofluorescence analysis. Conclusions: Survivin is involved in DNA damage response and repair induced by radiation exposure in SCCHN cells. Inhibition of survivin by YM155 enhances the efficacy of radiation, and may provide a novel therapeutic approach to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy in SCCHN. (This research was supported by the National Cancer Institute award P50 CA128613, and GCC Distinguished Cancer Scholar to Dong M. Shin, Zhuo (Georgia) Chen, and Jonathan J Beitler) Citation Format: Xu Wang, Jonathan J. Beitler, Wen Huang, Guo Chen, Sreenivas Nannapaneni, Nabil F. Saba, Xingming Deng, Zhuo G. Chen, Dong M. Shin. Survivin contributes to radiation resistance in head and neck cancer through regulation of DNA damage repair. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 515.
CELLULAR-BIOCHEMICAL CLOCK HYPOTHESIS

The “natural period” of a daily rhythm in an organism not exposed to the daily light-dark cycles is only approximately equal to one day, that is, it is circadian. The exact length of a circadian period is not invariant—that it might be different depending upon environmental conditions, or on the particular species studied. The length of a circadian period varies between individual organisms of the same species. The timing of a rhythm with a period that differs from 24 hours can be attributed to a triggering cue with a fixed period. Proponents of the exogenous theory have indicated that “temperature independence” is one of the features of the biological clock that is to be attributed to time information derived by the system from the external cue. A pursuit of this aspect of the problem might provide some distinctions of importance.
Backbone (1)H, (15)N, and (13)C resonance assignments of the Tom1 VHS domain.

Efficient trafficking of ubiquitinated receptors (cargo) to endosomes requires the recruitment of adaptor proteins that exhibit ubiquitin-binding domains for recognition and transport. Tom1 is an adaptor protein that not only associates with ubiquitinated cargo but also represents a phosphoinositide effector during specific bacterial infections. This phosphoinositide-binding property is associated with its N-terminal Vps27, Hrs, STAM (VHS) domain. Despite its biological relevance, there are no resonance assignments of Tom1 VHS available that can fully characterize its molecular interactions. Here, we report the nearly complete 1H, 15N, and 13C backbone resonance assignments of the VHS domain of human Tom1.
Abstract B21: The selective ATR inhibitor VX-970 enhances the therapeutic effects of standards of care in glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM) represents one of the most aggressive cancer types with the vast majority of patients succumbing to disease within the first five years. This dire prognosis reflects the limited efficacy of our frontline therapies which include radiation therapy and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. The cellular response to these therapies is critically mediated by DNA damage response signaling networks that are regulated by Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) and Ataxia Telangiectasia And Rad3-Related Protein (ATR). Preliminary studies from our laboratory suggest the ATR inhibitor VX-970 has single agent efficacy in both established and primary GBM cell lines. Moreover, combined treatment with TMZ demonstrated therapeutic responses that, following regression analysis, were deemed synergistic (p Citation Format: Danielle Burgenske, Ann Mladek, Jann Sarkaria. The selective ATR inhibitor VX-970 enhances the therapeutic effects of standards of care in glioblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on DNA Repair: Tumor Development and Therapeutic Response; 2016 Nov 2-5; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2017;15(4_Suppl):Abstract nr B21.
Reinventing Collaboration: The Vlasov Movement in the Postwar Russian Emigration

In this chapter Benjamin Tromly examines the memory of World War Two collaboration in the Russian emigration. A.A. Vlasov, a Soviet general who formed a Russian Liberation Army under Hitler, became the touchstone for anti-communist mobilization among Russian emigres during the early Cold War. After the general was captured by the Soviets and executed in Moscow in 1946, a post-war Vlasov movement emerged among exiled Russians that sought to repackage the general’s perceived betrayal as national heroism. Yet exiles frequently clashed over what service to the nation entailed. The so-called “Vlasovites” disagreed over which members of their camp had been too loyal to the Germans, while left-wing emigres rejected the very premise that wartime collaboration could be patriotic. The chapter concludes by discussing how post-war debates over Vlasov and collaboration in the Russian emigration have reemerged in the memory conflicts over the Great Patriotic War in Putin’s ﻿Russia﻿.
Variational principle for ultracoustic artifact correction and signal segmentation

We present a variational framework, titled BLA (Backscatter-Levelset-Attenuation joint estimation model), to simultaneously correct regional attenuation artifact and segment anatomical structures in ultrasound images. The BLA is posed as a mathematical inverse problem and solved via functional minimization. The echoes are modeled using acoustic backscatter and attenuation of structures. A weak-form model is constructed by incorporating the regularizations on the backscatter, attenuation, and structure boundaries with level set boundary representations. The BLA needs not to solve partial differential equations over irregular image domains, thus boosting the computational efficiency toward optimizing ultrasound imaging and signal segmentation.
Arctic Climate Change: Security Challenges and Stewardship Opportunities

Climate change in the Arctic is creating complex new security challenges, primarily environmental and political. There is concern that melting Arctic sea ice could trigger a new “great game” of international power politics as nations race to extend their Arctic Ocean territorial shelf claims and extract the abundance of newly accessible natural resources. These concerns are exaggerated in light of the commitment of Arctic coastal states to institutional solutions through the Arctic Council, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and diplomacy. Indeed, there are few, if any, concrete signs of military buildups or increased tensions amongst Arctic coastal states. And, the global economic downturn following the financial crisis starting in 2008 seems to have slowed the economic but perhaps not the strategic pressure for development of Arctic energy and mineral resources. This, however, may only be temporary. All these factors give the international community the opportunity to deal with Arctic security challenges before they result in tension, confrontation and environmental damage.
Modernism, Male Friendship, and the First World War: “The violence of the nightmare”: D. H. Lawrence and the aftermath of war

“Having you, I can live all my life without anybody else, any other sheer intimacy. But to make it complete, really happy, I wanted eternal union with a man too: another kind of love.” D. H. Lawrence, Women in Love (Rupert Birkin) “that is the sum of my whole experience, the search for a friend.” D. H. Lawrence, Aaron's Rod (James Argyle) “But my idea is … every man should have a mate – like most of us had in the war.” D. H. Lawrence, Kangaroo (Jack Calcott) Comradeship did not disappear after the war. If the war-scarred friend now became a figure in the civilian landscape, the ideal of transcendent male bonds also found new life in the post-war setting. For many years after 1918, the essential problems of war – loss, injury, mourning, death – would occupy a critical place in British life, and the Victorian history of organizing intimacy, though tarnished, nevertheless retained a foothold as part of the culture's repertory for understanding and processing the trauma of war. No literary figure was more concerned with these shifts and movements than D. H. Lawrence. His is a voice of apotheosis for male intimacy, an unceasing and restless spirit demanding that the social order accommodate and embrace masculine bonds. In Lawrence's writing, the combined effects of the longing for male friendship and its devastating failure are conspicuously derived, and the connection between war and masculine intimacy haunts his work.
Principle of Least Dissipation

The variational principles of ideal fluid and elastic body are all based on ignoring the dissipation. If the dissipation is not negligible, the governing equations do not have a variational structure, they possess a quasi-variational structure (see Sect. 2.6). In the another extreme case, when the dissipation plays the key role while the inertia and the internal energy effects are negligible, the variational structure of the governing equations appears again, but this is the variational structure of the non-equilibrium processes. This chapter is concerned with the corresponding variational principles. As has been mentioned in Sect. 2.6, these variational principles, in contrast to the least action principle, reflect the special features of the models used rather than the laws of Nature.
The RISC II micro-architecture

Le projet RISC etudie les implications des simplifications d'un ensemble d'instructions d'un ordinateur de propos general. Presentation de la microarchitecture d'une seconde implementation NMOS, RISC II. Presentation de l'organisation de la section de controle. On donne les metriques de conception de RISC II
Absolute Counting of Low Energy Beta Emitters Using Liquid Scintillation Counting Techniques

Abstract A method has been devised to determine experimentally the absolute disintegration rates of low-energy β emitters in liquid scintillator solutions. The simple extrapolation of the integral spectrum to zero bias gives only the number of disintegrations with energies greater than the detection threshold of the scintillator. A system of optical filters interposed between the scintillator and the photomultiplier provides a variation in the effective detection threshold of the scintillator. An extrapolation of the disintegration rate to zero detection threshold gives the absolute counting rate. The method has been successfully applied to various beta emitters ranging from 18 KeV to 300 KeV. Routine scintillation counting techniques were used in the sample preparation as well as in the activity measurements.
Gibbs’s Derivation of Q=exp(—βA)

This Aside displays Gibbs’s demonstration of the fundamental law connecting the partition function to the Helmholtz free energy. Gibbs first systematically presented these results in 200 tightly-worded pages of his book [1], on which this section is based. In the following, Gibbs’s language (but not his notation) has generally been modernized; all paraphrases and quotes are from Gibbs’s volume. There are several points at which modern sources place odd readings on Gibbs’s words, notably with respect to the so-called “Gibbs Paradox,” which is not due to Gibbs and which Gibbs explicitly saw as not entailing a paradox.
Efficacy and Safety of an Intravenous Loop Diuretic Dosing Protocol for Ambulatory Management of Worsening Heart Failure

Background Treatment for worsening congestion with intravenous loop diuretics (IV-LD) in the ambulatory setting has become an increasingly common alternative to hospitalization for patients with HF. Little is known about the appropriate use of IV-LD in ambulatory HF patients. We report outcomes of an IV-LD dosing algorithm designed for ambulatory use. Methods We included consecutive patients treated for worsening HF at our ambulatory HF treatment unit. IV-LD doses were derived from the total daily oral loop diuretic dose: for those on 0-40 mg furosemide equivalent/day, 20 mg IV furosemide was given as a bolus (Low Dose); for >40-160 mg/day, the oral dose was given IV (Moderate Dose); for >160-300 mg/day, 200 mg IV was given as a bolus, with repeat at 1 hour if needed (High Dose); >300 mg/day, 200 mg IV with thiazide pretreatment and/or repeat 200 mg bolus as needed (Mega Dose). The Moderate, High and Mega Dose groups also received a 3-hour, 60 mg furosemide infusion. Efficacy outcomes were net fluid loss and net weight loss at 3 hours and 30-day HF hospitalization rate. Safety outcomes were serum creatinine rise > = 0.3 mg/dL (WRF) and serum potassium Results Between May 2013 and December 2017, 283 unique patients were treated in 448 episodes. Median age of the cohort was 69 (58-78) years, 108 (38%) were women, 176 (62%) had a HF hospitalization within the prior year and 138 (49%) had LVEF >40%. Net fluid loss (P-trend = 0.20) and weight loss (P-trend = 0.42) did not differ across IV-LD dosing groups (Figure). Hypokalemia was more common in the higher dose groups, but incident WRF was not (Figure). HF hospitalization at 30-days occurred in 8 (20%) Low Dose, 14 (18%) Moderate Dose, 3 (13%) High Dose and 54 (38%) Mega Dose patients (P-trend Conclusions Decongestion was successfully achieved with an ambulatory IV diuretic strategy across a broad spectrum of HF severity and maintenance loop diuretic doses. Outpatient IV-LD appears to be an effective strategy for deferring HF hospitalization in many advanced HF patients with worsening symptoms.
Rethinking precariousness and its evolution: A four-country study of work in food retail:

This article analyses the expansion of precarious work in industrialized economies, integrating the welfare regime, risk shift and segmentation literatures. I examine trends in wages, working hours...
Fracture toughness enhancement of carbon fiber–reinforced polymer composites utilizing additive manufacturing fabrication:

The present work reports a novel approach to enhance the fracture resistance and notch sensitivity of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites utilizing additive manufacturing (3-D printing) fabr...
Relational Resilience: Intimate and Romantic Relationship Experiences of Women with Serious Mental Illness

The present qualitative study was conducted with 20 women with serious mental illness (SMI) in order to better characterise their romantic and intimate relationship experiences. Grounded theory methodology directed the identification of intimate and romantic relationships themes for women with SMI, which included the following: function matching, pathologising problems, symptom interference, dating deal breakers, sexual foreclosure, dating deprioritised, and relational resilience strategies. Clinical implications and future research directions are discussed.
Connecting Students with Patients and Survivors to Enhance Cancer Research Training

The professional training of cancer researchers in the basic sciences rarely involves interactions with patients. To provide nascent cancer scientists with an appreciation for and experience in interacting with the people most vested in their work, we created a program at Cornell University in which cancer researchers in training engage with the local patient community. Through this program, trainees gain a broader understanding of cancer, beyond the fundamental biology, and learn to effectively communicate scientific information to the public. We find that trainees and community members both benefit from interacting with one another and learning together about cancer using a common language.
Structure and Characteristics for Successful Outcomes: A Review of Community College Internships Programs

ABSTRACTCommunity and tribal colleges emphasize students’ needs as well as local job contexts. The dynamic and emerging job market present a challenge to education and preparation of traditional de...
Gender Differences in Incidence, Diagnosis, Treatments, and Outcomes in Clinically Localized Bladder and Renal Cancer.

Abstract Objective To review differences in bladder and renal cell cancer (RCC) incidence, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes between men and women, and to summarize the evidence that explains these differences. Methods A review of the current literature was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar. Results The incidence of bladder cancer and RCC is higher in men. Historically higher smoking rates among men explain some but not all of the difference in incidence. Hormonal and genetic factors also contribute. In bladder cancer, the androgen receptor and estrogen receptor beta have been associated with gender and tumor characteristics. In RCC the relationships are less well defined. In both bladder cancer and RCC, differences in gene mutation patterns among men and women, particularly among genes located on the X-chromosome, have also been identified. Differences in the work-up and treatment of men and women with bladder cancer and RCC also contribute to gender disparities. Conclusion Research to better delineate how the hormonal axis and genetics contribute to disparities in bladder cancer and RCC incidence and outcomes will allow for more individualized medicine. Appreciation of barriers to diagnosis and treatment will identify opportunities to improve patient care.
Combined Tumor Environment Triggered Self-Assembling Peptide Nanofibers and Inducible Multivalent Ligand Display for Cancer Cell Targeting with Enhanced Sensitivity and Specificity

Many new technologies, such as cancer microenvironment-induced nanoparticle targeting and multivalent ligand approach for cell surface receptors, are developed for active targeting in cancer therapy. While the principle of each technology is well illustrated, most systems suffer from low targeting specificity and sensitivity. To fill the gap, this work demonstrates a successful attempt to combine both technologies to simultaneously improve cancer cell targeting sensitivity and specificity. Specifically, the main component is a targeting ligand conjugated self-assembling monomer precursor (SAM-P), which, at the tumor site, undergoes tumor-triggered cleavage to release the active form of self-assembling monomer capable of forming supramolecular nanostructures. Biophysical characterization confirms the chemical and physical transformation of SAM-P from unimers or oligomers with low ligand valency to supramolecular assemblies with high ligand valency under a tumor-mimicking reductive microenvironment. The in vitro fluorescence assay shows the importance of supramolecular morphology in mediating ligand-receptor interactions and targeting sensitivity. Enhanced targeting specificity and sensitivity can be achieved via tumor-triggered supramolecular assembly and induces multivalent ligand presentation toward cell surface receptors, respectively. The results support this combined tumor microenvironment-induced cell targeting and multivalent ligand display approach, and have great potential for use as cell-specific molecular imaging and therapeutic agents with high sensitivity and specificity.
Sexual function in patients with CKD and ESRD

Abstract Sexual dysfunction is prevalent in CKD patients and those treated for ESRD with dialysis. A variety of predisposing factors for sexual dysfunction exists in this patient population, including uremic toxins, hormonal dysregulation, vascular disease, and diabetes mellitus, as well as psychiatric and psychologic factors such as depression, and medication effects. Treatment options include both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches. Kidney transplantation improves many aspects of sexual dysfunction in ESRD patients, and is the ideal approach to addressing this issue in such patients.
Tobacco Hornworm ( Manduca sexta) Oral Secretion Elicits Reactive Oxygen Species in Isolated Tomato Protoplasts

Plants are under constant attack by a suite of insect herbivores. Over millions of years of coexistence, plants have evolved the ability to sense insect feeding via herbivore-associated elicitors in oral secretions, which can mobilize defense responses. However, herbivore-associated elicitors and the intrinsic downstream modulator of such interactions remain less understood. In this study, we show that tobacco hornworm caterpillar (Manduca sexta) oral secretion (OS) induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) protoplasts. By using a dye-based ROS imaging approach, our study shows that application of plant-fed (PF) M. sexta OS generates significantly higher ROS while artificial diet-fed (DF) caterpillar OS failed to induce ROS in isolated tomato protoplasts. Elevation in ROS generation was saturated after ~140 s of PF OS application. ROS production was also suppressed in the presence of an antioxidant NAC (N-acetyl-L-cysteine). Interestingly, PF OS-induced ROS increase was abolished in the presence of a Ca2+ chelator, BAPTA-AM (1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid). These results indicate a potential signaling cascade involving herbivore-associated elicitors, Ca2+, and ROS in plants during insect feeding. In summary, our results demonstrate that plants incorporate a variety of independent signals connected with their herbivores to regulate and mount their defense responses.
Supply chain design under disruptions considering risk mitigation strategies for robustness and resiliency

Disruptions have become more commonplace in the globalised business environment; thus, many firms have been attempting to find risk mitigation strategies (RMS) to create robust and resilient supply chains. To this extent, this study evaluates the performance of various supply chains utilising different RMS to cope with disruptions using optimisation and simulation. In the optimisation phase, mixed integer programming is used to create a three-echelon supply chain design. Then, the initial supply chain is further configured to incorporate two RMS for robustness (i.e., redundancy and multi-sourcing). In the simulation phase, the aforementioned supply chains, with and without RMS for robustness, are exposed to random disruptions of various severity levels, and the effectiveness of four RMS for resiliency (e.g., visibility, flexibility) are tested using key performance indicators such as order fulfilment rates and profits. The results indicate that the RMS for robustness alone is better suited under mild to moderate disruptions while a combination of RMS for robustness and resiliency is essential to handle severe disruptions.
Implications of Insecticide-Treated Mosquito Net Fishing in Lower Income Countries.

Introduction: Insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) are highly effective for the control of malaria. Yet widely distributed ITNs have been repurposed as fishing nets throughout the world. Object...
Robust output feedback control of linear state-delayed systems using dynamic IQCs

Abstract This chapter is concerned with the robust output feedback control problem for a class of linear systems with time-varying state delay. Dynamic integral quadratic constraints (IQCs) are employed to characterize the input–output behavior of the state-delay nonlinearity. The robust stability and the L 2 -gain performance are first explored using a quadratic Lyapunov function. Then the design of dynamic output-feedback controllers robust against the plant state-delay uncertainty is examined. The synthesis conditions for robust L 2 stability are formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) plus a line search, which can be solved effectively using existing algorithms. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach.
Stroke risk factors and outcomes among hospitalized women with atrial fibrillation.

Observational cohort analyses suggest that women with atrial fibrillation (AF) endure a greater burden of stroke. We conducted an analysis of an observational cohort study completed at our tertiary care medical center to assess sex-related differences in cardiovascular risk factors, prescription of antithrombotic therapy, and 90-day outcomes. We analyzed 5000 hospitalized patients with AF: 1888 women and 3112 men. Clinical characteristics of AF, risk of stroke and bleeding, prescription of antithrombotic therapy, and 90-day clinical outcomes, including stroke and all-cause mortality, were compared. We observed a 50% higher relative frequency of stroke in hospitalized women with AF compared with men. While the frequencies of prescription of antithrombotic therapy at discharge were similar, anticoagulation was omitted in 40% of women with AF. The 90-day frequencies of major adverse events and mortality were increased in hospitalized women with AF not prescribed antithrombotic therapy at discharge. Prescription of anticoagulation in women with AF at hospital discharge was associated with a 60% and 40% relative reduction in the odds of mortality and major adverse events at 90 days. In conclusion, women hospitalized with AF have a higher risk of stroke at 90 days compared with men. Anticoagulation at hospital discharge was omitted in 40% of women with AF, but when prescribed, was associated with a reduction in mortality and major adverse events at 90 days, respectively. We analyzed 5000 hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) (1888 women and 3112 men) in an observational cohort study completed at our tertiary care medical center to assess sex-related differences in cardiovascular risk factors, prescription of antithrombotic therapy, and 90-day outcomes. We observed a 50% higher relative frequency of stroke in hospitalized women with AF compared with men. The 90-day frequencies of major adverse events and mortality were increased in hospitalized women with AF not prescribed antithrombotic therapy at discharge. Prescription of anticoagulation in women with AF at hospital discharge was associated with a 60% and 40% relative reduction in the odds of mortality and major adverse events at 90 days.