cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract IA9: Pathway-directed therapy

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has recently completed its first formal analysis of the genomic and clinical data from the ovarian carcinoma project. The landscape of ovarian cancer is changing due to our improved understanding of risk factors, histopathology, and cancer genomics. Ovarian cancer is a unique disease with extensive activation of canonical cancer pathways. This session will update the latest advances in ovarian cancer research with a focus on pathway-based therapeutics. The incorporation of biomarkers to predict clinical outcome and for the selection of molecularly targeted agents will be examined. Throughout the session examples will be provided from recent literature and clinical trials. At the conclusion of the session, the participants should have a better understanding of the latest molecular progress and the application to screening, prevention, and therapeutic stratification. Citation Format: Douglas A. Levine. Pathway-directed therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA9.
Thermal expansion of CaFe2As2: Effect of cobalt doping and postgrowth thermal treatment

We report thermal expansion measurements on Ca(Fe${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$Co${}_{x}$)${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$ single crystals with different thermal treatment, with samples chosen to represent four different ground states observed in this family. For all samples, thermal expansion is anisotropic with different signs of the in-plane and $c$-axis thermal expansion coefficients in the high temperature, tetragonal phase. The features in thermal expansion associated with the phase transitions are of opposite signs as well, pointing to a different response of transition temperatures to the in-plane and the $c$-axis stress. These features, and consequently the inferred pressure derivatives, are very large, clearly and substantially exceeding those in the Ba(Fe${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$Co${}_{x}$)${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$ family. For all transitions the $c$-axis response is dominant.
Varying populations of CD59-negative, partly positive, and normally positive blood cells in different cell lineages in peripheral blood of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria patients.

CD59-antigen expression on the surface membranes of erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets was determined by flow cytometry in 34 healthy controls and 17 patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). In all PNH patients, CD59-negative erythrocytes accounted for > 10% of the total erythrocyte population. Two erythrocyte populations (CD59-negative and normally positlve or CD59-negative and partly positive), three populations (CD59-negative, partly positive, and normally positive), and one population (CD59-negative) were demonstrated in ten, six, and one patients, respectively. However, CD59-negative granulocytes did not account for > 10% of the total granulocytes in two patients, and one of them had only a CD59 normally positive granulocyte population. A particular granulocyte population extended over both CD59-negative and partly positive areas was shown in two patients. Two populations (CD59-negative and normally positive) and one population (CD59-negatlve) were demonstrated in monocytes and lymphocytes. CD59-negative lymphocytes accounted for >50% of the total lymphocytes in only two patients. Three patients had a CD59 normally positive lymphocyte population. Percentages of CD59-positive platelet population in normal controls were widely various. Therefore, it was usually difficult to discriminate between PNH-affected and normal platelets. Thus, the flow cytometric profiles of CD59-antigen expression varied not only between PNH patients but between cell lineages. The present results and our prior study indicate that CD59 flow cytometry using erythrocytes and granulocytes is most suitable for diagnosing PNH. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Headache and focal neurologic signs following exposure to spicy aroma as an initial presentation of moyamoya disease

Abstract Moyamoya disease is a condition of the cerebrovascular system that involves stenosis of the intracranial internal carotid arteries as well as their proximal branches, often leading to stroke in affected patients. Here we describe the case of a patient with headache and focal neurologic signs following exposure to a spicy aroma, who initially had a negative vascular work-up and a preliminary diagnosis of a complex migraine syndrome. She subsequently developed infarction of the left frontal lobe, and imaging studies revealed the diagnosis of moyamoya disease. She was treated with an encephalodurosynangiosis procedure, with notable improvement. This case highlights the importance of considering moyamoya disease in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with headaches with aura.
Studies on equine immunoglobulins—V: Horse antibodies to donkey IgGa☆

Abstract Interspecies cross-immunization of the horse with isolated donkey IgGa immunoglobulin gives rise to the production of specific antibodies. In addition to an isotypic specificity, horse anti-donkey IgGa antibodies also show a species specificity. Antisera obtained from a single horse during hyperimmunization were examined by immunodiffusion, quantitative precipitation, immunoadsorption and radio-immune binding. Identification of horse anti-donkey IgGa antibodies isolated by immunoadsorption showed IgGa and IgG(Ta) immunoglobulins present in each bleeding. While antibodies identified as IgGc and IgB immunoglobulins were not detected, IgGb, IgA and IgM antibodies varied in that they could be detected in some bleedings but not in others. Immunodiffusion and quantitative precipitation with donkey IgGa, its Fab, F(ab′), F(ab′)2, Fc and Fc′ fragments showed only intact donkey IgGa and its Fc fragment to precipitate with horse anti-donkey IgGa. Inhibition of solid phase radio-immune binding of 125I-Fab and 125I-Fc fragments however, established the presence of horse antibodies directed against antigenic determinants in the Fab as well as the Fc regions of donkey IgGa.
Multiple Applications of L-DOPA Therapy in Children with Neurological Disorders – 25 Year Review (P04.178)

Objective: L -Dopa is well known for its use in childhood neurological disorders. formost is Dopa-responsive dystonia, Segawa9s Disease, and its variants. L-Dopa has increasingly been cited in many other childhood neurological diosrders in the literature. This review summarizes athe applications of L-Dopa in childhood based upon extensive computerized literature review expanding the clinical applications in children and young adults. Background Previously isloated reports have cited the application of L Dopa in childhood movement disorders but no single review has comprehensively reviewed all the disorders in which L Dopa has been used. Design/Methods: Summarization of medical literature in the past 25 years searching the term" L-Dopa in childhood, L -Dopa in Childhood movement disorders, L Dopa in children" utilizing Pubmed database and a Cochrane Review was performed.Citations were grouped upon frequency of citation and applicability to clincial practice. Both well known applications and less commonly cited therapies were included. Results: Over 25 years at least 26 different disorders have been reported in childhood utilizing L-Dopa. Most frequent are the disorders related to Dopa responsive dystonia, (Segawa9s disease)and its variants. This includes disorders in dopamine synthesis including tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency and tetrahydrobiopterin pathway disorders. Significant citations also include: Juvenile Parkinson9s disease, Myoclonus- Dystonia, Familial paroxysmal Dystonia, PKAN, Lower Limb Dystonia, Chediak -Hegashi synsdrome, Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Benign Paroxysmal Tonic Upgaze of Childhood, Amblyopia, Aromatic l-aminoacid decarboxylase Deficiency, Restless Legs Syndrome and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Syndrome, and potential application in Angelman Syndrome. Conclusions: In the past 25 years, over 26 childhood neurological disorders have been described that are responsive to L-Dopa therapy. While many are well known an expanded current application is summarized. This summary brings up to date the prevalent citations and provides a review of the many less commonly and less frequently recognized disorders in childhood for which L-Dopa therapy plays a major role. Disclosure: Dr. Lavenstein has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hecht has nothing to disclose.
Do developmental changes in digit span result from acquisition strategies

Abstract This study tested the theoretical proposition that the developmental increase in memory span results from a corresponding increase in the use of grouping strategies. With slow presentation, experimenter-provided grouping eliminated the span differences between sixth graders and adults but, while grouping helped first graders more than adults, a sizable difference in digit span remained. With fast presentation, grouping increased the adults' performance more than the childrens'. Another finding was that both groups of children had greater digit spans with fast presentation than with slow. For adults, the reverse was true.
Progress and Perspective of Processing Glass Forming Melts in Low Gravity

A review of the results from previous low-gravity experiments conducted on glass-forming melts is presented with particular emphasis on nucleation, crystallization, glass formation, and chemical homogeneity for high-temperature melts in low gravity. A review of this kind is important for 1) understanding the kinetics of glass formation (conversely, nucleation and crystallization) and the mechanism(s) of homogenization of high-temperature melts in low gravity, 2) avoiding duplication in future low-gravity experiments, and 3) properly utilizing low-gravity conditions for improving present-day glass processing techniques and, hence, the quality of glasses on Earth. It is consistently observed that glasses prepared in low gravity are more chemically homogeneous and more resistant to crystallization than those of the comparable glasses prepared on Earth, which is somewhat surprising. A hypothesis based on shear thinning of a melt is proposed as an explanation for these low-gravity results. A scheduled flight experiment, whose purpose is to acquire data on nucleation and crystal growth kinetics for Li 2 O.2SiO 2 glass prepared in low gravity, is discussed.
Patients' and staff's perceptions of therapy and milieu in a short-term private psychiatric hospital.

In treating psychiatric patients, the perceptions of both patients and staff at psychiatric hospitals are important to patient recovery. Although patient feedback regarding treatment has largely been ignored, current interest in opinions and rights of mental patients as consumers brings this issue into focus (Gonzalez, 1976). Most studies which do compare patients and staff perceptions of psychiatric hospitalization and treatment have been conducted in large, publicly financed hospitals, not in small private hospitals (Goldstein et al., 1972; Kish, 1971; Mayer and Rosenblatt, 1974). Private hospitals are becoming increasingly more important as state hospitals continue to close (NIMH, 1974).
1265 SEASONAL CHANGES IN SERUM VITAMIN D BINDING PROTEIN IN INFANCY: RELATION TO SUN EXPOSURE

1265 SEASONAL CHANGES IN SERUM VITAMIN D BINDING PROTEIN IN INFANCY: RELATION TO SUN EXPOSURE
Exponentially Stable Tracking Control for Multijoint Flexible-Link Manipulators

In this paper we describe a new tracking control law for multijoint flexible-link manipulators. The scheme is a synthesis of the inverse dynamics solution for flexible manipulators developed by Bayo at UCSB and tracking control theory for rigid-link manipulators put forth by Bayard, Wen and others. We show that passive joint controllers, together with the feedforward of nominal joint torques corresponding to a desired end-effector trajectory, results in exponentially stable tracking control
The determinants of pharmaceutical research and development expenditures

Since the late 1970s, pharmaceutical R&D has grown at a rapid rate relative to sales and other variables. In this paper, we examine the determinants of pharmaceutical R&D using a pooled data sample of 11 major drug firms over the period 1974 to 1994. We find that expected returns and cash flows are important explanatory variables of firm research intensities during this period. This is consistent with our results for an earlier sample period characterized by very different growth patterns on R&D.
Chromatin remodeling and the circadian clock: Jumonji C domain-containing proteins

Circadian rhythms are a universal way for organisms, ranging from prokaryotes to humans, to maintain coordination with the daily changes of light and temperature. It is known that a functional circadian clock confers enhanced fitness. In both animals and plants, diverse physiological processes are affected by the clock and more than 10% of transcripts show a circadian rhythm. Recent advances in the field have revealed a link between circadian regulated gene expression and dynamic changes in chromatin. Jumonji C (JmjC) domain-containing proteins have been shown to be involved in chromatin remodeling, acting as histone demethylases. The recent discovery that a JmjC-domain containing protein functions as a novel clock component suggests that histone modification has evolved as an important mechanism at the core of the circadian machinery.
LIGHT PROPAGATING IN METAL SUB-WAVELENGTH-HOLE ARRAYS

We investigate the light propagating through a sub-wavelength-hole array in a thin gold film. The extraordinary light transmission (ELT) of the metallic array is observed. This ELT is due to the localized plasmon polaritons, whose production are dependent on the polarization of the light, the periodicity of the array, the features of the hole, and the thickness of the gold film. These parameters of the metallic structures are investigated through the finite difference time domain method. It is possible to obtain a desired transmission spectrum from the sub-wavelength-hole array by designing these parameters.
Turbo multiuser detection for coded DMT VDSL systems

In recent years, iterative processing techniques with soft-in/soft-out components have received considerable attention. Such techniques, based on the so-called turbo principle, are exemplified through turbo decoding, turbo equalization, and turbo multiuser detection. Turbo multiuser detection is applied to a discrete multitone (DMT) very-high-rate digital subscriber line system to combat crosstalk signals and to obtain substantial coding gain. The proposed iterative DMT receiver is shown to achieve an overall 7.0 dB gain over the uncoded optimum receiver at a bit error rate of 10/sup -7/ for a channel with severe intersymbol interference and additive white Gaussian noise and with one dominant crosstalk signal. Impulse noise is detrimental to the proposed scheme but can be overcome through erasure decoding techniques, as is shown by example.
Terahertz scattering from a rough granular surface

For reflection spectroscopy in particular, the measured response from an explosive material may be dominated by rough surface scattering, which is in turn influenced by a number of factors including: the size and density of explosive grains and air voids, the dielectric contrast, the angle of incidence and scattering, and the operating frequency. In this paper, scattering from a granular explosive is explored by using variable grit sandpaper as a surrogate for the explosive interface. The experimental results show that the scattered field is strongly effected by the surface roughness.
Forecasting Congressional Elections Using Facebook Data

Facebook constantly tracks the growth of each congressional candidate’s fan base and the number of people engaging with candidates online. These Facebook metrics comprise a rich dataset that theoretically may capture the effectiveness of campaigns in building participatory support as well as their potential to mobilize support. When added to electoral fundamentals similar to those used in national-election forecasting, can Facebook data be used to develop a reliable model for predicting vote-percentage outcomes of individual congressional contests? The results of an exploratory investigation reveal that fan participation and mobilization metrics tracked by Facebook produced surprisingly accurate election predictions in the 2012 US Senate races studied. The question remains, however, whether these results are a “flash in the 2012 pan” or an indication that using Facebook statistics to measure campaign effectiveness is a new tool that scholars can use to forecast the outcome of congressional campaigns.
Vertical fractures of the dens.

PURPOSE To establish the mechanism of injury that causes vertical fractures of the dens. METHODS Over a 3-year period, 30 patients with dens fractures were seen at our institution. From these records, we identified and retrospectively reviewed the radiographs (n = 3), CT scans (n = 3), and MR images (n = 1) of three patients with vertical fractures of the dens to assess the characteristics of these fractures and other associated injuries. Medical records of these three patients were also reviewed in an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of injury. Additionally, we reviewed three cases reported in the literature and compared them with findings in our patients. RESULTS In all patients, radiographs showed fractures involving the base of the dens (type 2), but they did not show the vertical fractures. Axial CT scans and sagittal reformations clearly showed the vertical dens fractures. One patient also had a unilateral Jefferson-type fracture. The atlantodental space was preserved in all patients. In one patient, there was posterior displacement of the fractured dens. All three patients were neurologically normal. After a 6-month period of external fixation, two patients healed adequately. CONCLUSION Vertical dens fractures probably result from axial loading and slight extension of the head. In our cases, vertical dens fractures were accompanied by other fractures of C-1 and C-2. CT with sagittal reformations is the ideal imaging method to detect vertical dens fractures.
Evidence-based risk stratification to target therapies in acute coronary syndromes.

With the ever-increasing number of new treatments for the wide spectrum of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), risk stratification has become the centerpiece of initial evaluation for these patients.1 The overriding principle is to target more aggressive antithrombotic and interventional therapies in patients at higher risk.1,2⇓ See p 1622 The approach to risk stratification has evolved during the past 2 decades from a practice that once involved an evaluation for residual ischemia and for left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction (MI). However, risk stratification has now evolved more to include assessment of the risk of future cardiac events, which can be predicted on the basis of clinical features at the time of the initial assessment in the emergency department. This change in timing parallels the change in nomenclature of ACS from Q-wave/non–Q wave MI to ST-elevation MI (STEMI) versus non-STEMI, a change that was made necessary by the need to make immediate treatment decisions about reperfusion therapy for those with ST elevation (and not for those without ST elevation).2 Similarly, risk stratification is now performed immediately (not days later) to assist in decisions on appropriate initial therapy and triage. This notion of immediate risk assessment was first proposed in the 1994 unstable angina guidelines,3 and is now strongly evidence based, with numerous studies supporting the need to target the newer antithrombotic and interventional therapies to higher-risk ACS patients.4–18⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓ Thus, risk stratification is key to the initial evaluation of patients with ACS because physicians will treat patients differently on the basis of their risk. One of the first studies that reported a differential effect of a new intervention based on patient risk with unstable angina or non-ST elevation MI (UA/NSTEMI) …
AN ALTERNATING TREATMENTS COMPARISON OF TWO INTENSIVE INTERVENTIONS FOR FOOD REFUSAL

We compared two treatment packages involving negative reinforcement contingencies for 3 children with chronic food refusal. One involved physically guiding the child to accept food contingent on noncompliance, whereas the other involved nonremoval of the spoon until the child accepted the presented food. Subsequent to baseline, an alternating treatments comparison was implemented in a multiple baseline design across subjects. After each child had been exposed to at least nine sessions of each treatment condition and percentage of bites accepted had increased to at least 80%, the child’s caregivers selected the preferred treatment package. The results indicated that both treatments were effective in establishing food acceptance. However, physical guidance was associated with fewer corollary behaviors, shorter meal durations, and parental preference. DESCRIPTORS: alternating treatments comparison, food refusal, corollary behaviors
Motmot, an open-source toolkit for realtime video acquisition and analysis

Video cameras sense passively from a distance, offer a rich information stream, and provide intuitively meaningful raw data. Camera-based imaging has thus proven critical for many advances in neuroscience and biology, with applications ranging from cellular imaging of fluorescent dyes to tracking of whole-animal behavior at ecologically relevant spatial scales. Here we present 'Motmot': an open-source software suite for acquiring, displaying, saving, and analyzing digital video in real-time. At the highest level, Motmot is written in the Python computer language. The large amounts of data produced by digital cameras are handled by low-level, optimized functions, usually written in C. This high-level/low-level partitioning and use of select external libraries allow Motmot, with only modest complexity, to perform well as a core technology for many high-performance imaging tasks. In its current form, Motmot allows for: (1) image acquisition from a variety of camera interfaces (package motmot.cam_iface), (2) the display of these images with minimal latency and computer resources using wxPython and OpenGL (package motmot.wxglvideo), (3) saving images with no compression in a single-pass, low-CPU-use format (package motmot.FlyMovieFormat), (4) a pluggable framework for custom analysis of images in realtime and (5) firmware for an inexpensive USB device to synchronize image acquisition across multiple cameras, with analog input, or with other hardware devices (package motmot.fview_ext_trig). These capabilities are brought together in a graphical user interface, called 'FView', allowing an end user to easily view and save digital video without writing any code. One plugin for FView, 'FlyTrax', which tracks the movement of fruit flies in real-time, is included with Motmot, and is described to illustrate the capabilities of FView. Motmot enables realtime image processing and display using the Python computer language. In addition to the provided complete applications, the architecture allows the user to write relatively simple plugins, which can accomplish a variety of computer vision tasks and be integrated within larger software systems. The software is available at http://code.astraw.com/projects/motmot
Facilitating treebank annotation using a statistical parser

Corpora of phrase-structure-annotated text, or treebanks, are useful for supervised training of statistical models for natural language processing, as well as for corpus linguistics. Their primary drawback, however, is that they are very time-consuming to produce. To alleviate this problem, the standard approach is to make two passes over the text: first, parse the text automatically, then correct the parser output by hand.
Anomalous fractionation of sulfur isotopes during sputtering.

Secondary ion mass spectrometric (SIMS) measurements of sulfur isotope ratios obtained during sputtering with a Cs(+) beam and detection of negative secondary ions show a strong dependence of isotope fractionation on secondary ion energy for ions with approximately 2-10 eV excess kinetic energy (approximately 9 per thousand/eV), and a weak dependence for ions with approximately 10-approximately 350 eV (0.05 per thousand/eV). Variable collection of the low-energy ions could thus result in variable measured sulfur isotope ratios. Being aware of this behavior should allow the analyst to avoid such a problem. The fractionation of the isotopes does not appear to follow theoretical or measured behavior for positive ions, and suggests that, at least for sulfur, the process of negative secondary ion emission is incompletely understood and may require different theoretical models.
The Role of Diacylglycerol Kinase ζ and Phosphatidic Acid in the Mechanical Activation of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Signaling and Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy

The activation of mTOR signaling is essential for mechanically induced changes in skeletal muscle mass, and previous studies have suggested that mechanical stimuli activate mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling through a phospholipase D (PLD)-dependent increase in the concentration of phosphatidic acid (PA). Consistent with this conclusion, we obtained evidence which further suggests that mechanical stimuli utilize PA as a direct upstream activator of mTOR signaling. Unexpectedly though, we found that the activation of PLD is not necessary for the mechanically induced increases in PA or mTOR signaling. Motivated by this observation, we performed experiments that were aimed at identifying the enzyme(s) that promotes the increase in PA. These experiments revealed that mechanical stimulation increases the concentration of diacylglycerol (DAG) and the activity of DAG kinases (DGKs) in membranous structures. Furthermore, using knock-out mice, we determined that the ζ isoform of DGK (DGKζ) is necessary for the mechanically induced increase in PA. We also determined that DGKζ significantly contributes to the mechanical activation of mTOR signaling, and this is likely driven by an enhanced binding of PA to mTOR. Last, we found that the overexpression of DGKζ is sufficient to induce muscle fiber hypertrophy through an mTOR-dependent mechanism, and this event requires DGKζ kinase activity (i.e. the synthesis of PA). Combined, these results indicate that DGKζ, but not PLD, plays an important role in mechanically induced increases in PA and mTOR signaling. Furthermore, this study suggests that DGKζ could be a fundamental component of the mechanism(s) through which mechanical stimuli regulate skeletal muscle mass.
An Empirical Relationship for Electromagnetic Energy Absorption in Man for Near-Field Exposure Conditions

An empircal relationship is presented for the whole-body-average electromagnetic energy absorption in a 180-cell block model of man for near-field exposure conditions. Consideration is restricted to near fields with P polarization (no component of E directed arm-to-arm) in which the magnitude of the incident electric field is maximum immediately in front of the abdominal region. A highlight of this work is the considerably reduced whole-body average energy absorption for near-field partial-body exposures as compared to that obtained under plane-wave irradiation conditions.
Compositional knowledge management for medical services on semantic web

The vision of the Semantic Web is to reduce manual discovery and usage of Web resources (documents and services) and to allow software agents to automatically identify these Web resources, integrate them and execute them for achieving the intended goals of the user. Such a composed Web service may be represented as a workflow, called service flow. Current Web service standards are not sufficient for automatic composition. This paper presents different types of compositional knowledge required for Web service discovery and composition. As a proof of concept, we have implemented our framework in a cardiovascular domain which requires advanced service discovery and composition across heterogeneous platforms of multiple organizations.
Repeatability of microenvironment-specific nesting behaviour in a turtle with environmental sex determination

Evolutionary thermal adaptation is increasingly being elucidated in a variety of systems. However, one of the most striking examples, temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) in reptiles, has proven stubbornly difficult to decipher. Theoretical models suggest that selection on and heritable variation in thermal sensitivity of embryonic sex determination and maternal behavioural choice of thermal qualities of nest sites control the microevolutionary potential of TSD. To begin addressing this important issue, we conducted a multiyear field study of nesting behaviour in painted turtles (Chrysemys picta), which display TSD. We detected a significant field repeatability for overstory vegetation cover around nests at oviposition, a trait that is correlated inversely with nest temperature during embryonic sex determination and positively with offspring sex ratio (percentage of male). Neither clustered nesting nor individual spatial repeatability in nest site choice caused this striking pattern. Instead, females consistently preferred nest environments with particular quantities of overstory vegetation cover. These findings confirm a crucial assumption of models concerning the microevolution and adaptive significance of TSD in reptiles. The results also indicate that this system may be able to evolve via long-term maternal nesting behaviour in response to skewed sex ratios caused by environmental perturbations, such as gradual long-term climate change.
The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for fears and phobias.

Background Although prior genetic studies of interview-assessed fears and phobias have shown that genetic factors predispose individuals to fears and phobias, they have been restricted to the DSM-III to DSM-IV aggregated subtypes of phobias rather than to individual fearful and phobic stimuli. Method We examined the lifetime history of fears and/or phobias in response to 21 individual phobic stimuli in 4067 personally interviewed twins from same-sex pairs from the Virginia Adult Twin Study of Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Disorders (VATSPSUD). We performed multivariate statistical analyses using Mx and Mplus. Results The best-fitting model for the 21 phobic stimuli included four genetic factors (agora-social-acrophobia, animal phobia, blood-injection-illness phobia and claustrophobia) and three environmental factors (agora-social-hospital phobia, animal phobia, and situational phobia). Conclusions This study provides the first view of the architecture of genetic and environmental risk factors for phobic disorders and their subtypes. The genetic factors of the phobias support the DSM-IV and DSM-5 constructs of animal and blood-injection-injury phobias but do not support the separation of agoraphobia from social phobia. The results also do not show a coherent genetic factor for the DSM-IV and DSM-5 situational phobia. Finally, the patterns of co-morbidity across individual fears and phobias produced by genetic and environmental influences differ appreciably.
Very early language skills of fifth‐grade poor comprehenders

This study tested the theory that future poor comprehenders would show modest but pervasive deficits in both language comprehension and production during early childhood as compared with future poor decoders and typical readers. Using an existing database (NICHD ECCRN), fifth-grade students were identified as having poor comprehension skills (n = 516), poor decoding skills (n = 511) or typical reading skills (n = 535) based on standardized assessments of word recognition and reading comprehension. Language comprehension and production during the toddler and preschool years were retrospectively compared across these subgroups. Compared with future typical readers and poor decoders, poor comprehenders had the lowest abilities on language assessments at 15, 24, 36 and 54 months. For nearly all contrasts, the difference between poor comprehenders and the other groups of readers exceeded .5 standard deviation in magnitude, indicating that the early language skills of poor comprehenders exhibit appreciable lags.
Upregulating G Protein-Coupled Receptors with Receptor Antagonists

The phenomenon of antagonist-induced receptor upregulation is common to many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) such as adrenergic, muscarinic, opioid, cannabinoid, histamine, GABA(B), serotonin, and dopamine receptors. This chapter reviews data that support antagonist-induced upregulation specifically of opioid receptors but many of the principles apply to other GPCRs as well. It is well documented that chronic exposure to opioid receptor antagonists reliably produces increases in binding to opioid receptors when the antagonists are administered in vivo or applied in vitro to cell culture systems. Antagonist exposure increases receptor number and is associated with functional supersensitivity to subsequent agonist administration. For example, the analgesic potency of morphine is increased following prior administration of opioid receptor antagonists. Likewise, coupling of opioid receptors to G proteins is increased following antagonist exposure, as is the ability of opioid agonists to regulate adenylyl cyclase activity. The most common approach used to measure receptor upregulation is radioligand receptor binding. This chapter includes methods to measure receptor number by radioligand binding and by immunohistochemical approaches. Also included are methods to assess alterations in receptor function following antagonist exposure. The methods can be applied to tissue or cell homogenates or to in situ preparations in order to increase the anatomical specificity of the resulting data.
Ab initio calculation of 4 f N 6 s 2 hyperfine structure in neutral rare-earth atoms

The multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) method is used to calculate excitation energies, Land\'e g values, and hyperfine-structure (hfs) constants for the lowest multiplets of the 4${f}^{N}$6${s}^{2}$ configurations of neutral rare-earth atoms. Although no adjustable parameters are used, the results are in rather good agreement with experiment. The calculated excitation energies and dipole hfs constants (using the known moment values) differ from experiment by typically 5%, and the g values by 0.1%. Relative to quadrupole moment values determined from muonic-atom hfs or Coulomb excitation, the calculated electric-quadrupole hfs is typically (30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2)% too large, consistent with a Sternheimer shielding factor (not included in the MCDF calculations) of ${R}_{4f}$=+0.23. The calculated J dependence for all four observables is generally in good agreement with experiment for the ground multiplets. Particular cases where the MCDF results are less accurate are identified and discussed.
Rethinking Placental Transfusion and Cord Clamping Issues

A brief delay in clamping the umbilical cord results in a placental transfusion that supplies the infant with a major source of iron during the first few months of life. Cord circulation continues for several minutes after birth and placental transfusion results in approximately 30% more blood volume. Gravity influences the amount of placental transfusion that an infant receives. Placing the infant skin-to-skin requires a longer delay of cord clamping (DCC) than current recommendations. Uterotonics are not contraindicated with DCC. Cord milking is a safe alternative to DCC when one must cut the cord prematurely. Recent randomized controlled trials demonstrate benefits for term and preterm infants from DCC. The belief that DCC causes hyperbilirubinemia or symptomatic polycythemia is unsupported by the available research. Delay of cord clamping substantively increases iron stores in early infancy. Inadequate iron stores in infancy may have an irreversible impact on the developing brain despite oral iron supplementation. Iron deficiency in infancy can lead to neurologic issues in older children including poor school performance, decreased cognitive abilities, and behavioral problems. The management of the umbilical cord in complex situations is inconsistent between birth settings. A change in practice requires collaboration between all types of providers who attend births.
Varieties of Power in Transnational Labor Alliances An Analysis of Workers’ Structural, Institutional, and Coalitional Power in the Global Economy

Workers exercise three distinct types of power when they cooperate in transnational campaigns: structural, institutional, and coalitional power. These power types entail the capacity to physically disrupt an employer’s operations, hold an employer accountable through legal or regulatory institutions, and mobilize nonlabor stakeholders to whom the employer must respond. In developing a framework for understanding workers’ power in the global economy, this article integrates significant works in labor geography, comparative institutional analysis, and union revitalization studies while demonstrating how workers’ embeddedness in global production networks, national institutional frameworks, and social networks enables them to challenge employers on the international scale.
Network-Based Extension of Multi-Relational Factorization Models.

Complex heterogeneous networks contain many types of relations, both local to a particular entity and distant in the network. Multi-relational factorization schemes that incorporate multiple local relations have shown improved recommendation accuracy. This paper extends this prior work on multi-relational factorization to include extended relations derived from network data and demonstrates improved accuracy for these extended hybrids.
Diagnosis and treatment of selected photodermatoses.

Cutaneous reactions to solar radiation are of several types. Proper management depends on a specific diagnosis. This can be obtained by means of selected screening tests and ether laboratory proced...
Obesity, NASH, and HCC

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) describes a spectrum of liver diseases with pathology resembling liver damage induced by alcohol abuse but occurs in individuals who consume little or no alcohol. Histologically, the scope of NAFLD ranges from instances of simple fat accumulation in the liver to nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) with isolated steatosis and mild nonspecific inflammation, to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
Burden of Multiple Chronic Conditions in Delaware, 2011–2014

The objective of this study was to use data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to examine the prevalence of multiple chronic conditions (MCC) by select sociodemographic groups and determine the prevalence of most common MCC dyads and triads among Delaware adults. Combined data for 2011 through 2014 from BRFSS (n = 18,052) were analyzed to determine prevalence of MCC. Delaware adults were categorized as having 0, 1, 2, or 3 or more of the following diagnosed chronic conditions: angina, arthritis, asthma, cancer, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, myocardial infarction (heart attack), obesity, or stroke. More than 65% of Delaware adults had at least 1 of the 12 selected chronic conditions. Furthermore, 36.8% of Delaware adults had MCC. The arthritis/obesity dyad and the arthritis/high blood pressure/high cholesterol triad were the 2 most prevalent MCC combinations. The findings of this study contribute information to the field of MCC research.
Flour Tortilla Problems

SUMMARY Industrial production of good-quality wheat flour tortillas requires solving certain common problems. Troubleshooting in the industrial setup can be divided into four major types: ingredients/formulation, dough, finished tortillas, and settings of the processing equipment (blending of dry ingredients, dough making, dough ball forming, tortilla forming, baking, cooling, and packaging). The flour and the rest of the ingredients included in the formulation are the most critical factors affecting tortilla quality, appearance, and shelf life. Appropriate dough for tortillas is the result of many factors and is the most important parameter to control in tortilla operations. The most critical factors are related to flour quality and characteristics, which greatly influence water absorption and dough mixing requirements. The addition of lower or higher levels of water than the optimum results in tough or slack doughs, respectively, that cause problems downstream. On the other hand, under- and overmixing modify dough texture, gluten development, and tortilla quality. In terms of finished tortillas, processors should prevent off-weight and off-shaped tortillas, under- or overbaking, and mainly meet the expectations for microbial content and textural shelf life. Processors should also avoid the sticking of packaged tortillas by the use of proper ingredients and processing parameters, especially in terms of cooling. A good troubleshooting program should identify and prevent defective tortillas by proper adjustments in formulations, dough mixing protocols, and the other unit operations used in plants.
Trivalent M-related protein as a component of next generation group A streptococcal vaccines.

Purpose There is a need to broaden protective coverage of M protein-based vaccines against group A streptococci (GAS) because coverage of the current 30-valent M protein vaccine does not extend to all emm types. An additional GAS antigen and virulence factor that could potentially extend vaccine coverage is M-related protein (Mrp). Previous work indicated that there are three structurally related families of Mrp (MrpI, MrpII, and MrpIII) and peptides of all three elicited bactericidal antibodies against multiple emm types. The purpose of this study was to determine if a recombinant form containing Mrp from the three families would evoke bactericidal antiserum and to determine if this antiserum could enhance the effectiveness of antisera to the 30-valent M protein vaccine. Materials and methods A trivalent recombinant Mrp (trMrp) protein containing N-terminal fragments from the three families (trMrp) was constructed, purified and used to immunize rabbits. Anti-trMrp sera contained high titers of antibodies against the trMrp immunogen and recombinant forms representing MrpI, MrpII, and MrpIII. Results The antisera opsonized emm types of GAS representing each Mrp family and also opsonized emm types not covered by the 30-valent M protein-based vaccine. Importantly, a combination of trMrp and 30-valent M protein antiserum resulted in higher levels of opsonization of GAS than either antiserum alone. Conclusion These findings suggest that trMrp may be an effective addition to future constructs of GAS vaccines.
Surgical Management of Salivary Gland Disease

The study of salivary gland tissue and the surgical management of salivary gland pathology are fundamental to the practicing otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeon. Traditional surgical intervention for both neoplastic and nonneoplastic disease of the salivary glands includes sialadenectomy, superficial or complete parotidectomy, minor procedures involving the salivary ducts, and procedural interventions for xerostomia and sialorrhea. Recent surgical advances of the salivary glands and ducts such as minimally invasive, endoscopic, and robotic techniques have augmented the surgeon’s armamentarium for managing salivary gland disease. Novel techniques such as salivary gland transfer are also being pioneered. The mechanisms of salivary gland function remain an active research topic, and future applications may include regeneration of functional salivary gland tissue. This chapter briefly reviews the basic surgical anatomy and physiology of the major and minor salivary glands and describes traditional indications for surgical intervention. The recent advances in salivary gland surgery are described, and the chapter concludes by highlighting recent discoveries in the field of salivary gland regeneration. The implications of these advances for the head and neck surgeon and the potential future of surgical management of salivary gland pathology are discussed.
Computational-Fluid-Dynamics Best Practices for Aircraft Wing-Tip Vortex Roll-Up

Best practices for simulating aircraft wing-tip vortex roll-up with Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics were developed using a build-up approach with the NASA OVERFLOW flow solver. Methods were tested for accuracy and computational expense beginning with a simple case, then building up step by step in complexity toward a realistic aircraft geometry. The cases tested started two-dimensionally with an inviscid vortex, then a viscous vortex, then three-dimensionally with a basic rectangular finite wing, a semispan wing that included validating wind-tunnel test data, and finally to a realistic wing/body aircraft configuration that also included wind-tunnel data. Comparisons were also made with algebraic vortex models used to initialize large-eddy simulations of wake decay.
A Data-Driven, Multidimensional Approach to Hint Design in Video Games

Hint systems are designed to adjust a video game's difficulty to suit the individual player, but too often they are designed without analyzing player behavior and lack intelligence and adaptability, resulting in hints that are at best ineffective and at worst hurt player experience. We present an alternative approach to hint design focusing on player experience rather than performance. We had 25 participants play a difficult spatial puzzle game and collected player behavior, demographics, and self-reported player experience measures. We found that more exploratory behavior improved player experience, so we designed three types of hints encouraging this behavior: adaptive, automatic, and on-demand. We found that certain players found hints more helpful regardless of whether the hints changed their behavior, and players seemed to prefer seeing fewer hints than the adaptive and automatic conditions gave them. Our findings contribute a deeper empirical understanding of hint design strategies and their effect on player behavior and experience, with practical recommendations for designers of interactive systems.
The Future of Behavior Analysis: Foxes and Hedgehogs Revisited.

Some twenty-five years ago The Behavior Analyst published a paper by David Rider (The Behavior Analyst, 14, 171–181, 1991) titled “The speciation of behavior analysis.” Rider’s thesis was that basic and applied behavior analysis, for a variety of reasons, are destined to become independent species. In a commentary on this paper I pointed out, for example, that scientists and engineers are interdependent, especially at the frontiers of application. I was sanguine about a continuing analogous relationship between basic and applied behavior analysis. However, especially in the last decade, indications are that basic and applied behavior analysis may indeed be emerging as distinct species. I discuss several themes in a review of the “literature of survival” addressing the evolving complex relations between basic and applied behavior analysis, including constraints on training leading to narrow foci of application, our often self-imposed isolation from those with whom we could productively collaborate, and the difficulties of obtaining sufficient support for our science. All these challenges reflect a briar-patch of interlocking contingencies; each one depends crucially on the others and we cannot effectively address any in isolation. Thus solutions will not be easy, but our long-term survival as a coherent discipline absolutely depends on finding some.