cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Methylmercury-Chromosome Interactions. I. Thermal Denaturation of Calf Thymus Chromatin in Presence of CH3HgOH

The effect of CH3HgOH on the thermal stability of calf thymus chromatin in Na2SO4 (10 mM Na+, pH 6.8) has been studied spectrophotometrically by heat denaturation. From changes observed in the integral and differential melting profiles, gathered via absorbance measurements at 260 nm as a function of CH3HgOH concentration, it is concluded that methylmercury at low concentrations (1 - 10 microM), and prior to its denaturating the double-helix of the chromosomal DNA, interferes with the binding of DNA by histones H3 and H4 which is followed, at methylmercury concentrations between 10 and 32 microM, also its interfering with the complexing of DNA by the less basic histones H2A and DNA denaturation, in absence of the histones, proceeds only at methylmercury concentrations above 32 microM under the experimental conditions given.
Separation Control Using DBD Plasma Actuators: Thrust Enhancement Studies

A new plasma actuator design with features introduced to exploit discharge asymmetry is introduced. Compared to the conventional plasma actuator, the new design increases the thrust by about 70% when operated at the same frequency and voltage. ICCD camera visualization illustrates that discharge asymmetry during the Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) actuation cycle becomes greater with the new design. Computational results show that the new features contribute to discharge asymmetry and are consistent with the ICCD images. A pulse-driven scheme for the new plasma actuator design is introduced. I. Introduction ielectric Barrier Discharges (DBD) are used in such applications as ozone synthesis, flat plasma displays, environmental protection, surface treatment, and layer deposition 1 . A DBD plasma actuator, consisting of a dielectric barrier discharge operating in a surface-mode discharge with an asymmetric arrangement of electrodes, has the effect of imparting directed momentum to the flow in its vicinity. This is the result of collisional momentum transfer from the ions and electrons in the plasma with the neutral fluid molecules surrounding them. Based on this characteristic, the asymmetric DBD plasma actuator can be used for flow separation control over an airfoil, which is
Performance Characterization of Tightly-Coupled GNSS Precise Point Positioning Inertial Navigation within a Simulation Environment

UAVs have the potential for autonomous airborne remote sensing applications that require rapid response to natural hazards (e.g.. volcano eruptions, earthquakes). As these applications require very accurate positioning, such as airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar, tightly coupled Global Positioning System (GPS) Precise Point Positioning (PPP) Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) are an attractive method to perform real-time aircraft positioning. In particular, PPP can achieve a level of positioning accuracy that is similar to Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS, without the need of a relatively close GPS reference station. However, the PPP method is known to converge to accurate positioning more slowly when compared to RTK, a drawback of PPP that is amplified whenever the receiver platform is faced with GPS challenged environments, such as poor satellite visibility and frequent phase breaks. Unfortunately, these challenging conditions occur more often when the platform being positioned is an aircraft that experiences abrupt changes in attitude. In this paper we present the use of a simulation environment to characterize the position estimation performance sensitivity of PPP/INS through a Monte Carlo analysis that is considered under various conditions, such as: the intensity of multipath errors, the number of phase breaks that occur in a flight, satellite geometry, atmospheric conditions, noise characteristics and grade of the inertial sensor, and accuracy of GPS orbit products.
Improved Mental Functioning with Premarin Therapy in Atherosclerosis

SummaryIt is hypothesized that mental impairment decreases in patients with atherosclerosis treated with Premarin. One hundred and one patients were studied, 51 who had had cerebral thrombosis and 50 who had recovered from an acute myocardial infarction. The Rorschach test was first administered when the patients began either Premarin or placebo therapy, and was repeated after 6 to 16 months of treatment. The tests were assessed for indications of impairment in thinking, and each patient received a score denoting amount of increase or decrease in impairment after treatment. There was considerable overlap in scores between Premarin and placebo patients, and gains were relatively small for individual patients. Nevertheless, improved mental functioning was found in both cerebral and cardiac patients treated with Premarin in comparison with those on placebo, and a positive association was observed between Premarin therapy and decreased mental impairment.
Functional Types of Student Evaluation.

Although recent emphasis in the evaluation literature has concentrated upon curriculum evaluation, student evaluation remains a pervasive and crucial feature of all teaching. This article defines f...
Special Population Considerations in the Treatment of Posterior Leg Injuries

Muscular injury of the posterior lower leg can be a common condition seen in certain populations including pediatrics, females, seniors, and previously injured/disabled individuals. These groups are at risk for developing these types of injuries due to growth, tendon strains, muscular changes, hormonal imbalances, and altered biomechanics. Due to the varied pathologies causing posterior leg pain in these groups, diagnosis and treatment paradigms can often be complex. This chapter reviews some of the most common posterior leg conditions seen in these varied populations and proposes treatment recommendations.
Game Theory Through Examples

Game Theory Through Examples is a thorough introduction to elementary game theory, covering finite games with complete information. The core philosophy underlying this volume is that abstract concepts are best learned when encountered first (and repeatedly) in concrete settings. Thus, the essential ideas of game theory are here presented in the context of actual games, real games much more complex and rich than the typical toy examples. All the fundamental ideas are here: Nash equilibria, backward induction, elementary probability, imperfect information, extensive and normal form, mixed and behavioral strategies. The active-learning, example-driven approach makes the text suitable for a course taught through problem solving. Students will be thoroughly engaged by the extensive classroom exercises, compelling homework problems and nearly sixty projects in the text. Also available are approximately eighty Java applets and three dozen Excel spreadsheets in which students can play games and organize information in order to acquire a gut feeling to help in the analysis of the games. Mathematical exploration is a deep form of play, that maxim is embodied in this book. Game Theory Through Examples is a lively introduction to this appealing theory. Assuming only high school prerequisites makes the volume especially suitable for a liberal arts or general education spirit-of-mathematics course. It could also serve as the active-learning supplement to a more abstract text in an upper-division game theory course.
Complexity of Algorithms for Linear Systems of Equations

A huge amount of computer resources is spent over the world every day for solving systems of linear equations, which are the backbone of computations in sciences and engineering. Naturally, the solution algorithms are devised so as to decrease the amount of such resources spent, that is, to decrease the estimated computational complexity of the solution.
Multipath Model Selection for UWB Channels

In this paper, we develop an algorithm to extract the parameters of a multipath model of an UWB channel from measurement/simulated data. To this end, we cast the parameter estimation problem into a standard model selection problem and apply the well known minimum description length principle to solve the model selection problem. Numerical results obtained based on the CM1 and CM2 models suggest that the proposed algorithm is effective.
Reduced Binding of the M-Domain of Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein C to Actin Impairs the Ability of the Heart to Respond to Chronic Stress

Cardiac myosin binding protein C (cMyBP-C) is a sarcomeric protein that regulates cross bridge cycling to control timing and strength of cardiac contraction. However, the molecular mechanisms by which cMyBP-C influences cross bridge cycling are incompletely understood. The M-domain of cMyBP-C can interact with actin and myosin, and phosphorylation of cMyBP-C in response to β-adrenergic stimulation during cardiac stress diminishes its affinity for both.In this study we determined the functional relevance of cMyBP-C binding to actin on cardiac function. Binding of cMyBP-C to actin can activate the thin filament and we hypothesize that dissociation of cMyBP-C from actin is essential for cardiac relaxation. To test our hypothesis, we created a transgenic mouse model with a mutation in the M-domain of cMyBP-C (E330K) that reduced binding affinity for actin in vitro. We then used echocardiography and pressure-volume recordings to assess cardiac function under sedentary and stress conditions.Both systolic function (e.g. stroke volume, ejection fraction and maximal rate of pressure development (+dP/dt)) and diastolic function (e.g. –dP/dt, isovolumetric relaxation time, E/A) were normal in E330K-Tg mice under sedentary conditions. Acute β-adrenergic stimulation with isoprenaline also led to normal increases in both contractility and relaxation in E330K-Tg mice. However, chronic cardiac stress by increasing preload to the heart by aortocaval fistula was fatal to all E330K-Tg mice within 10 days after surgery.Our results demonstrate that reduced interaction between the M-domain of cMyBP-C and actin did not impair cardiac function in E330K-Tg mice under sedentary conditions, but that this interaction may be essential for the heart to cope with chronic volume overload.This work is supported by NIH HL-080367 and AHA 15POST25700403.
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (Stat)-3 Activates the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-Like Orphan (ROR)-1 Gene in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL).

Abstract 57 ROR1, an embryonic protein involved in organogenesis and Wnt signaling, is expressed in B-cell CLL. Because Stat3 is constitutively activated in CLL and sequence analysis revealed that the ROR1 promoter harbors ψ-interferon activation sequence (GAS)-like elements typically activated by Stat3, we sought to determine whether Stat3 activates ROR1. In MM1 cells interleukin (IL)-6 induced Stat3 phosphorylation and upregulated ROR1 whereas STAT3-siRNA downregulated both Stat3 and ROR1 protein levels, suggesting that Stat3 transcribes ROR1. Therefore, we cloned the human ROR1 promoter, generated a series of truncated promoter constructs and assessed their activity by using the luciferase assay. We found that IL-6 augmented the luciferase activity of ROR1 -195, ROR1 -666, ROR1 -834, and co-transfection with Stat3-siRNA significantly attenuated it, suggesting that IL-6 enhanced ROR1 expression by activating Stat3. Furthermore, we established that a region, located between bp -122 and -134, harbors a GAS-like element and activates the ROR1 promoter upon exposure to IL-6. Binding of Stat3 to that region in IL-6-stimulated MM1 cells was confirmed by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). To test whether Stat3 transcribes ROR1 in CLL, we obtained fresh CLL cells and by using the same GAS-like element-containing probe we performed EMSA. CLL cell nuclear protein bound this probe and anti-Stat3 and -phsophoserine Stat3 antibodies induced a super-shift. CLL cell ChIP confirmed that Stat3 binds to the promoter of ROR1 as well as the promoters of the Stat3-regulated genes STAT3, c-Myc and P21, but not that of the control gene RPL30. Finally, using qRT-PCR and western immunoblotting we determined that STAT3-shRNA downregulated ROR1, STAT3 and STAT3-regulated gene mRNA by 4-6 fold, and Stat3 and ROR1 protein levels by 50%. Taken together, these data suggest that constitutively activated Stat3 binds to the ROR1 promoter, activates transcription, and induces production of ROR1 protein in CLL cells. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Adoptive immunotherapy (AIT) of established tumors with tumor antigen peptide-sensitized T cells

5474 Recent cancer immunotherapy approaches have focused on immunization with defined peptide epitopes. AH1 (SPSYVYHQF), a class I (H-2Ld) restricted peptide derived from the murine leukemia virus gp70, has been reported to be the immunodominant epitope of T cell responses to murine CT26 colon carcinoma and 4T1 mammary carcinoma. We have shown that amplification of weak anti-tumor immunity, via AIT with bryostatin/ionomycin (B/I)-activated antigen-sensitized T cells, can mediate tumor regression. We hypothesized that vaccination with dendritic cells pulsed with the optimized AH1-A5 (DC:AH1-A5) peptide could protect against tumor challenge and that AIT with B/I activated AH1-sensitized T cells could induce tumor regression. Methods: BALB/c mice were vaccinated X 3 with DC:AH1-A5 or once with transfected whole tumor cell vaccines: 4T07-IL2 or CT26-B7. Vaccinated mice were challenged with 4T1 or CT26 tumors. Tumor-specific T cell responses were assayed in vitro by measuring interferon-γ release and cytolytic activity. After restimulation in culture, AH1-specific CD8+ T cells in vaccine draining lymph nodes (V-DLN) were enumerated by Ld:Ig/AH1 dimer staining and flow cytometry. AIT of 4 day established 4T1 or CT26 tumors was performed by transfer of V-DLN cells activated ex vivo with B/I and expanded in IL-2. Results: DC:AH1:A5 vaccination protected against CT26 tumor growth, but not 4T1 tumor challenge. The transfected tumor cell vaccines were protective against tumor challenge with their respective wild-type (WT) tumor cells. All 3 methods of vaccination induced similar levels of Ld:Ig/AH1 binding T cells: 37.4% of the CD8+ cells for DC:AH1-A5, 32% for CT26-B7, and 29.2% for 4T07-IL2. Splenocytes from mice immunized with DC:AH1-A5 released IFN-γ in response to peptide, but not to tumor cells; CT26-B7 or 4T07-IL2 sensitized splenocytes released IFN-γ in response to peptide, 4T1, and CT26 cells. Splenocytes from DC:AH1-A5-vaccinated mice lysed CT26 (63% specific release) and 4T1 (31.1%) cells, but tumor-cell vaccinated splenocytes had low cytolytic activity. Despite these results, AIT with DC:AH1-A5 sensitized lymphocytes was ineffective at inducing regression of WT CT26 or 4T1 tumors, while AIT with CT26-B7 or 4T07-IL2-sensitized T cells induced regression of their corresponding WT tumors. Conclusions: Vaccination with a single peptide induced strong AH1 and tumor-reactive T cell responses, as measured in vitro, and was effective at preventing CT26 tumor growth, but not 4T1 tumor growth. AIT with tumor cell-sensitized T cells was effective at inducing regression of established tumors, while AIT with AH1-sensitized T cells was not. We have shown that while a defined single tumor antigen peptide may be a powerful tool for tracking tumor-specific T cell responses, T cells sensitized against a single tumor antigen peptide are ineffective as a treatment for established tumors, even with AIT amplification.
Maximizing Energy Efficiency of Cognitive Wireless Sensor Networks With Constrained Age of Information

A cognitive wireless sensor network is considered, where a cluster of secondary sensors utilize channel vacancies of a primary network and transmit their measurement samples to a common sink node. We propose a joint framing and scheduling policy that optimizes energy efficiency of communication system under strict constraints on the expected age of information. The age of information is defined as the timespan from the sampling epoch to the successful delivery of the samples to the sink node including framing time, queuing time, waiting time for channel vacancies, and transmission time. First, we develop a number-based framing policy to determine the number of samples bundled into data packets with constant header sizes. Then, we quantify the impact of this policy on the age of information and communication energy efficiency by characterizing the utilized queuing dynamics, packet discard rate, and retransmission probability. The derived closed-form expressions for the age of information and energy efficiency are used to regularize packet lengths based on the current sampling rate, channel quality, and channel utilization rate by primary users. The proposed method can be used to develop low-cost and energy-efficient network of unlicensed sensors for delay sensitive applications such as body area sensor networks.
Flow diversion for anterior choroidal artery (AChA) aneurysms: a multi-institutional experience

Background Anterior choroidal artery (AChA) aneurysms represent a small subset of cerebral aneurysms. The Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) has been successfully applied to various aneurysms of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA). The treatment of these aneurysms requires special attention due to the eloquent territory supplied by the AChA. We report the largest and first dedicated series of flow diversion treatment of AChA aneurysms. Methods Four institutional neurointerventional databases were reviewed for cases of intracranial aneurysms treated with PED. Patient and aneurysm data as well as angiographic imaging were reviewed for all cases of AChA aneurysms treated with PED. AChA aneurysms were defined as aneurysms distal to the AChA and proximal to the ICA terminus, with or without the incorporation of the AChA. Results Eighteen AChA aneurysms were treated during the study period. All aneurysms were successfully treated with a mean follow-up of 19.1 months. The large majority of aneurysms (15/18, 83.3%) were completely obliterated. No patients suffered from intra- or post-procedural complications. A1 stenosis was a common occurrence, seen in 10 of 16 (62.5%) covered anterior cerebral arteries (ACAs), although all were asymptomatic. All AChAs remained patent at last follow-up. Conclusions The PED can be used successfully in AChA aneurysms with a good safety and efficacy profile. All AChAs remained patent. Collateral flow networks, especially for the ACA, affect long-term branch vessel patency. Treatment with PED for AChA aneurysms appears to be a reasonable option to consider and should be evaluated in a larger cohort.
Effects of simulated highway noise on heart rates of larval monarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus: implications for roadside habitat suitability

Developed countries around the world are criss-crossed with vast networks of roadways. Conservationists have recently focused attention on roadsides as possible locations for establishing pollinato...
The crystal structures of iron and cobalt pyridine (py)-sulfates, [Fe(SO4)(py)4] n and [Co3(SO4)3(py)11] n.

The solid-state structures of two metal–pyridine–sulfate compounds, namely catena-poly[[tetra­kis­(pyridine-κN)iron(II)]-μ-sulfato-κ2O:O′], [Fe(SO4)(C5H5N)4]n, (1), and catena-poly[[tetra­kis­(pyridine-κN)cobalt(II)]-μ-sulfato-κ2O:O′-[tetra­kis­(pyridine-κN)cobalt(II)]-μ-sulfato-κ3O,O′:O′′-[tris­(pyridine-κN)cobalt(II)]-μ-sulfato-κ2O:O′], [Co3(SO4)3(C5H5N)11]n, (2), are reported. The iron compound (1) displays a polymeric structure, with infinite chains of FeII atoms adopting octa­hedral N4O2 coordination environments that involve four pyridine ligands and two bridging sulfate ligands. The cobalt compound (2) displays a polymeric structure, with infinite chains of CoII atoms. Two of the three Co centers have an octa­hedral N4O2 coordination environment that involves four pyridine ligands and two bridging sulfate ligands. The third Co center has an octa­hedral N3O3 coordination environment that involves three pyridine ligands, and two bridging sulfate ligands with one sulfate chelating the cobalt atom.
Synthesis and Assembly of Immunoglobulin

Two aspects of antibody formation have been recently studied using concepts and techniques that have emerged from molecular biology: 1. The informational problem. The capacity of a single animal to form antibody molecules to a seemingly unlimited number of antigens has led to a search for uniqueness somewhere in the DNA-RNA-protein sequence. It is now generally agreed that the information for the specificity of antibody resides in the DNA of antibody forming cells (Lederberg, 1950; Smithies, 1963; Dreyer et al., 1965; Brenner and Milstein, 1966; Edelman and Gaily, 1966; Cioli and Baglioni, 1966). The central question is whether each clone of antibody-forming cells has a different DNA coding for the variable portion of the light (L) or heavy (H) chain of immunoglobulin or whether each clone has the same DNA but with derepression of a different set of cistrons. This question has been approached but not yet answered by DNA-RNA hybridization studies (Cohen and Raska, 1967; Greenberg and Uhr, 1967). 2. The problem of synthesis and assembly of immunoglobulin which is a multi-chain disulfide-bonded protein with attached carbohydrate moieties.
Some Topology of Image Algebras

Combinatory regularity is algebraic in character and can be studied from the perspective of partial universal algebra. At the same time it supports other mathematical structures, for example, measures, and, as we shall see below, topologies. By this we mean at the moment notions of neighborhood, convergence, and continuity, not the topologies that characterize global regularity in terms of the connection type.
Agroecology: The Ecology of Sustainable Food Systems, Second Edition

Agroecology is a science, a productive practice, and part of a social movement that is at the forefront of transforming food systems to sustainability. Building upon the ecological foundation of the agroecosystem, Agroecology: The Ecology of Sustainable Food Systems, Third Edition provides the essential foundation for understanding sustainability i
Cancer Communication Outside of the Physician-Patient Relationship: The Experience of Communicating and Understanding the Meaning of Prognosis.

Research Question:How does the process of engagement and integration of sources of information outside patient–physician interaction affect how individuals with cancer interpret their treatment exp...
Characterizing the Learning-to-Drive Period for Teens with Attention Deficits.

Objective Motor vehicle collisions are the leading cause of death among teenagers, accounting for approximately 1 in 3 deaths for this age group. A number of factors increase crash risk for teen drivers, including vulnerability to distraction, poor judgment, propensity to engage in risky driving behaviors, and inexperience. These factors may be of particular concern and exacerbated among teens learning to drive with attention deficits. To our knowledge, our study is among the first to systematically investigate the experiences of novice adolescent drivers with attention deficits during the learner period of a Graduated Drivers Licensing program. Method Survey and on-road driving assessment (ODA) data were used to examine parent and teen confidence in the teens' driving ability, driving practice frequency, diversity of driving practice environments, and driving errors among teens with attention deficits as defined by attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis or parent-reported trouble staying focused (TSF). Results When teens' driving skill was evaluated at the conclusion of the learner period, teens with ADHD exhibited more driving errors than their typically developing (TD) counterparts (p = 0.034). Teens with TSF were more likely to have their ODA terminated (p = 0.019), had marginally lower overall driving scores (p = 0.098), and exhibited more critical driving errors (p = 0.01) compared with TD teens. Conclusion These findings may have implications on the learning-to-drive period for adolescents with attention deficits. Adjustments may need to be made to the learner period for teens with attention deficits to account for attention impairments and to better instill safe driving behavior.
Design and Analysis of Enhanced Mixer-First Receivers Achieving 40-dB/decade RF Selectivity

A “second-order” passive mixer-first receiver is proposed to improve channel selectivity, linearity, and noise figure (NF) in the presence of out-of-band blockers, by presenting an impedance that rolls off at 40 dB/decade as the load to an N-path filter. The synthesis of this impedance is described in a step-by-step manner starting from the required impedance transfer function to its actual circuit realization. Various tradeoffs and limitations of the architecture are described in detail, and layout-related techniques are also provided. Two integrated circuit prototypes were fabricated in 28-nm bulk CMOS as proof of concept for this circuit, including a low-power version. The receiver, capable of broadband operation from 0.2 to 2 GHz, achieves an out-of-band IIP3 of +33 dBm and a blocker P1dB of +12 dBm. Additionally, it achieves an NF of 4.4 dB with less than 2-dB degradation in NF for a 0-dBm blocker.
Solar Irradiance Capturing in Cloudy Sky Days–A Convolutional Neural Network Based Image Regression Approach

Global horizontal irradiance (GHI) is a critical index to indicate the output power of the photovaltaic (PV). In traditional approaches, the local GHI can be measured with very expensive instruments, and the large-area GHI collection depends on complex satellite-based models, solargis algorithms, and the high-performance computers (HPC). In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to capture the GHI conveniently and accurately. Considering the nonstationary property of the GHI on cloudy days, the GHI capturing is cast as an image regression problem. In traditional approaches, the image regression problem is treated as two parts, feature extraction (for the images) and regression model (for the regression targets), which are optimized separately and blocked the interconnections. Considering the nonlinear regression capability, a convolutional neural network (CNN) based image regression approach is proposed to provide an End-to-End solution for the cloudy day GHI capturing problem in this paper. The multilayer CNN is based on the AlexNet and VGG. The L2 (least square errors) with regularization is used as the loss function in the regression layer. For data cleaning, the Gaussian mixture model with Bayesian inference is employed to detect and eliminate the anomaly data in a nonparametric manner. The purified data are used as input data for the proposed image regression approach. In the experiments, three-month sky images and GHI data (with 1-min resolution) are provided by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) with the HPC system. The numerical results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
108 Sociocultural and demographic factors associated with the educational preparation and goals of athletic training students

Statement of Purpose Athletic training students (ATS) are training to provide independent healthcare, including injury prevention, to physically active patients. Our study aimed to identify sociocultural (race, gender) and demographic (age, athletic training program type) factors associated with the educational preparation of ATS. Methods/Approach ATS (n=832; 629 females; mean age=22.2±2.7 years) completed a validated cross-sectional questionnaire on sociocultural and demographic variables, and educational experiences. A general linear model determined the effect of race (Caucasian, African-American, Asian, Latino/Hispanic, multi-race, other), gender, age category ( Results Most participants were female (75.6%), Caucasian (73.8%), 20–24 years old (84.1%), and from an undergraduate professional-level athletic training program (78.3%). Most participants felt at least moderately prepared for clinical practice (46.5%). Additionally, most participants planned to further their education in some capacity (68.9%). In the general linear model, compared to Caucasian ATS, African-American (β=-0.593, p Conclusions Our findings suggest that ATS of different racial backgrounds may have differing experiences compared to Caucasian ATS related to their perceived preparedness for clinical practice, independent of age- and program-related influences. Although these results only represent a one-level difference (moderately to somewhat prepared), the findings are important to consider when discussing the need to prioritize confidence, particularly among diverse populations of ATS. Significance/Contribution to Injury and Violence Prevention Science Athletic training programs need to be aware of student differences relative to race/ethnicity as related to their perceived preparedness for independent clinical practice. Understanding how such disparities exist, their influence, and how to mitigate their influence on educational experiences will help to better train ATS to prevent future injuries.
Boundary Control of Coupled Hyperbolic PDEs for Two-dimensional Vibration Suppression of a Deep-sea Construction Vessel.

This paper presents a state-feedback boundary control design of a class of coupled hyperbolic PDE-ODE systems, characterized by spatially-varying coefficients and a time-varying domain, which physically describes lateral-longitudinal coupled vibrations of a deep-sea construction vessel used to install oil drilling equipment on the seafloor in deep-sea oil exploration. The exponential stability of the closed-loop system is proved via Lyapunov analysis. Effective suppression of lateral-longitudinal coupled vibrations in the deep-sea construction vessel by the designed controller is verified via numerical simulation.
Prevalence of Sexual Victimization Among Female and Male College Students: A Methodological Note With Data.

This study provides insight on how sample recruitment methods may affect reported rates of sexual victimization on college campuses. The study compares sexual victimization rates among students who...
The bacterial communities of Alaskan mosses and their contributions to N2-fixation.

Mosses in high-latitude ecosystems harbor diverse bacterial taxa, including N2-fixers which are key contributors to nitrogen dynamics in these systems. Yet the relative importance of moss host species, and environmental factors, in structuring these microbial communities and their N2-fixing potential remains unclear. We studied 26 boreal and tundra moss species across 24 sites in Alaska, USA, from 61 to 69° N. We used cultivation-independent approaches to characterize the variation in moss-associated bacterial communities as a function of host species identity and site characteristics. We also measured N2-fixation rates via 15N2 isotopic enrichment and identified potential N2-fixing bacteria using available literature and genomic information. Host species identity and host evolutionary history were both highly predictive of moss microbiome composition, highlighting strong phylogenetic coherence in these microbial communities. Although less important, light availability and temperature also influenced composition of the moss microbiome. Finally, we identified putative N2-fixing bacteria specific to some moss hosts, including potential N2-fixing bacteria outside well-studied cyanobacterial clades. The strong effect of host identity on moss-associated bacterial communities demonstrates mosses’ utility for understanding plant-microbe interactions in non-leguminous systems. Our work also highlights the likely importance of novel bacterial taxa to N2-fixation in high-latitude ecosystems.
The External Shock on the Speed of Adjustment toward Target Ratios: Evidence from DB Pension Plans

This paper investigates the influence of the external shock on the speed of adjustment (SOA) toward several target ratios of firms. To look at the impact of an exogenous shock on SOA, I employ mandatory contributions (MCs) of defined benefit (DB) pension plans as a measure of the external shock, and I find a negative impact of the exogenous shock on the level of leverage and SOA toward target leverage. This result is robust when including firm and year fixed effects, when using GMM or long differencing estimation to reduce the biases in estimation, and when assuming that mandatory contributions are endogenously determined. The negative impact of MCs on SOA is especially bigger for firms which have volatile historical leverage or stronger governance structure. Though the total liability level of DB pension plans has a negative impact on both the level of leverage and SOA toward target leverage, it becomes statistically insignificant or trivial in magnitude after including firm fixed effects and year dummies in the model. When examining the impact of MCs on SOA toward other target ratios of firms, I find a negative impact of MCs on SOA toward the target investment level.
Prescription opioid misuse among Black and White older adults

Prescription opioid misuse remains a serious public health concern in the United States. While considerable research attention is paid to this issue, a relatively small number of studies focus spec...
Dynamic tuning of Fano-coupled metasurfaces

Substantial effort has been invested in generating narrow bandwidth visible colors from metasurfaces using a wide variety of geometries and materials. In this work we continue these explorations and demonstrate how a combination of a plasmonic Fano resonance and a Bragg reflector can contribute to the generation of narrowband visible colors. We demonstrate active tuning of these colors by stretching the array in the x- and y- directions and the reflector in z- to shift the colorimetric response of both elements. The combination of these two types of photonic structures allows for substantially increased flexibility in design and color-space tuning. Additionally, by fabricating these structures at scale, this methodology could prove useful towards the manufacture of agile metasurface color pixels
[Intraosseous foreign body or osteoma : Challenging differential diagnosis after open radius fracture].

Presentation of a 16-year-old male patient due to a cycling accident while mountain biking 14 days after primary treatment after open epiphyseal injury. Metaphyseal intraosseous stones within the anatomically reduced distal radius fracture were misinterpreted as an incidental osteoma.
The right of the child to develop and learn in quality environments

Katz reminds us of the lasting and important effects of early experience for cognitive development, social development, the development of communicative competence and the early formation of cultural identity. She highlights strategies for early childhood educators all over the world and reminds us that even children from the same country can experience vastly different early childhood environments. She points out that even though educators in relatively low resource environments hope for more resources, some in relatively high resource environments do not necessarily actively engage young children’s minds. In order to provide high quality environments for early child development and learning, she suggests that teachers focus on their interactions with children so as to provide them with experiences that are rich, interesting, engaging and meaningful. She recommends that those concerned with the development and education of children, who are outside the classroom context, support those within the classroom and allow teachers to focus their energies on their interactions with children. Katz reminds us that these very interactions will have long term effects on a child’s development.
The Class Action Rule

The class action is a compromise: It removes class members' right to participate in their own lawsuits, but it benefits society by holding defendants accountable for the dispersed harm they create. This compromise is captured by the idea that the named plaintiff's role is to represent the interests of the absent class members rather than to be their agent. Because the architecture of Rule 23 - the federal procedural rule that governs class actions - is inconsistent with the nature of the class action as a compromise based on interest representation, the rule should be altered dramatically. We would eliminate the core categorization scheme of 23(b) and apply limited notice, intervention, and opt-out rights to all class actions.
Embedding knowledge management to project management standard (PMBOK)

In knowledge-based projects, many risks can be resulted due to lack of technical and managerial knowledge applied in the project. To avoid these risks, project based companies need to apply or embed a convenient mechanism based on knowledge management to their project management processes. Lots of tools such as portals, expert systems, social networks, and etc. have been developed so far, but in this article, the main focus is applying knowledge management as a philosophy and as a approach so that project management processes get capable to reach knowledge management objectives. To apply and embed this approach, a process model, named KM strategic planning model, is developed which must be implemented in project management processes. This model helps to build a bridge between PMBOK processes and knowledge management strategy development. The foundation of this bridge is made on two pillars. First, the spiral of knowledge introduced by Nonaka [1] and, second, PMBOK processes. To develop the KM strategic planning model, an empirical knowledge is applied based on systems engineering approach.
Exotic plant invasions in an endemic-rich habitat: the spread of an introduced Australian grass, Agrostis avenacea J. F. Gmel., in California vernal pools.

The present abundance and historical spread of an exotic grass, Agrostis avenacea, is documented for California, USA, and for the vernal pools of San Diego County in particular. Agrostis avenacea is native to Australia where it is a common grass of ephemeral and fluctuating wetlands. California vernal pools, by reason of their extreme variability and high endemism, have been thought to be relatively resistant to invasion. The recent expansion of A. avenacea in San Diego County demonstrates, however, that the alleged resistance is probably a function of a relatively small pool of invaders and a low probability of targeted dispersal. Although A. avenacea is now abundant in pools with little current disturbance, human disturbance appears to have been a major factor that facilitated its initial establishment. This specific instance adds to the mounting evidence that there are probably few, if any, habitats immune to invasion.
The unwed teen-age mother.

Abstract In an effort to determine some of the causes of unwed pregnancy we went directly to the girls by questionnaire. One hundred-fifty girls residing in the four maternity homes in Los Angeles were subjected to the questionnaire and the results tabulated by computer. Our findings suggest that the unwed pregnant teen-age girl possesses limited sex knowledge. Her pregnancy results from a feeling of deep emotional involvement with the putative father. With the onset of her pregnancy, the girl will confide this knowledge to the alleged father and her parents. The latter, when possible, will respond with both moral and financial assistance. This study further suggests that early dating, lack of proper sex education, and lack of parental supervision are significant factors in the causation of unwed pregnancy. In view of our findings, the importance of such related factors as broken homes, psychiatric illness, alcohol, and drugs in unwed pregnancy should be reviewed.
Influence of transitional volcanic strata on lateral diversion at Yucca Mountain, Nevada

[1] Natural hydraulic barriers exist at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, a potential high-level nuclear waste repository, that have been identified as possible lateral diversions for reducing deep percolation through the waste storage area. Historical development of the conceptual model of lateral diversion has been limited by available field data, but numerical investigations presented the possibility of significant lateral diversion due to the presence of a thin, porous rock layer, the Paintbrush nonwelded tuffs. Analytical analyses of the influence of transitional changes in properties suggest that minimal lateral diversion is likely at Yucca Mountain. Numerical models, to this point, have not accounted for the gradual transition of properties or the existence of multiple layers that could inadvertently influence the simulation of lateral diversion as an artifact of numerical model discretization. Analyses were made of subsurface matric potential measurements, and comparisons were made of surface infiltration estimates with deeper percolation flux calculations using chloride-mass-balance calculations and simulations of measured temperature profiles. These analyses suggest that insignificant lateral diversion has occurred above the repository horizon and that water generally moves vertically through the Paintbrush nonwelded tuffs.
In vitro incorporation of C14-DL-leucine into normal and leukemic white cells.

Normal white blood cells and cells from patients with leukemia are able to incorporate C14-DL-leucine into proteins in vitro. Cells from individuals with chronic myelogenous leukemia were able to incorporate significantly greater amounts of the amino acid, and they were able to maintain this incorporation for a longer period of time than the control cells. Both types of cells had the same in vitro survival time of four days, following storage at 3 C. The incorporation was partially decreased in the presence of dinitrophenol, as well as in an atmosphere of nitrogen.
Trellis coding techniques for mobile communications

A criterion for designing optimum trellis codes to be used over fading channels is given. A technique is shown for reducing certain multiple trellis codes, optimally designed for the fading channel, to conventional (i.e., multiplicity one) trellis codes. The computational cutoff rate R/sub 0/ is evaluated for MPSK transmitted over fading channels. Examples of trellis codes optimally designed for the Rayleigh fading channel are given and compared with respect to R/sub 0/. Two types of modulation/demodulation techniques are considered, namely coherent (using pilot tone-aided carrier recovery) and differentially coherent with Doppler frequency correction. Simulation results are given for end-to-end performance of two trellis-coded systems. >
Diffusion of Oxygen in Beta-Zircaloy and the High Temperature Zircaloy-Steam Reaction

As a part of a broader program designed to consider oxidation-related phenomena important during the high temperature reaction of Zircaloy in steam under conditions anticipated for a hypothetical loss-of-coolant accident in a light water reactor, the diffusivity of oxygen in beta-Zircaloy-4 and the isothermal oxidation rates of Zircaloy-4 in steam were determined. Both sets of measurements were made in the temperature range 900 to 1500°C (1652 to 2732°F), and considerable care was exercised to ensure the accuracy of temperature determinations. Diffusivity determinations were made using an 1 8 O radioactivation technique; supplemental measurements were made by Auger electron spectroscopy and by observations of the movement of (α + β)/β boundaries during diffusion anneals. We observed no differences between tracer and chemical diffusivity values or among oxygen diffusivities determined in zirconium, Zircaloy-2, and Zircaloy-4. Between 1000 and 1500°C (1832 and 2732°F) the combined data set for the diffusion of 1 6 O (corrected for mass effects from the 1 8 O data) was represented by D β = 0.0263 exp( - 28200/RT) cm 2 /s Oxidation rate curves were determined at 50°C (90°F) intervals, ten specimens being used to define the curve at each temperature. Above 1000°C (1832°F) parabolic oxidation behavior was observed; below that temperature, the curves for the rate of growth of the oxide layer were not parabolic. For this reason, statistical evaluation of the data based on parabolic kinetics was limited to temperatures above 1000°C except for alpha-layer growth, which followed parabolic kinetics over the entire temperature range. The rate constants were well represented between 1000 and 1500°C by Arrhenius relationships given by δ 2 Φ 2 = = 0.01126 exp(-35890/RT) cm 2 /s δ 2 α 2 = 0.7615 exp(-48140/RT) cm 2 /s δ 2 ξ 2 = 0.3412exp(-41700/RT) cm 2 /s δ 2 2 = 0.1811exp(-39940/RT)(g/cm 2 ) 2 /s where δ 2 K /2 are the rate constants (defined by dK/dt = 1/K δ 2 K /2K) for oxide layer growth, Φ; alpha layer growth, α; XI layer growth (oxide + alpha), ξ; and total oxygen consumption, r.
After Writing Culture

After Writing Culture: Epistemology and Praxis in Contemporary Anthropology. Allison James. Jenny Hockey. and Andrew Dawson. eds. New York: Routledge, 1997. 274 pp.
The Initial Impact of the 2003 Reduction in the Dividend Tax Rate

The Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 reduces the maximum statutory personal tax rate on dividends from 38.1 percent to 15 percent. This study analyzes dividend declarations in the quarters surrounding passage. We find dramatic increases in regular dividends and special dividends after enactment and a decline in share repurchases. We find some evidence that the firms changing their distribution patterns are owned disproportionately by insiders. This finding is consistent with manager-owners modifying the firm's dividend policy to reflect the new tax-advantaged status of dividend income for individual investors.
ANABELIAN INTERSECTION THEORY I: THE CONJECTURE OF BOGOMOLOV-POP AND APPLICATIONS

We finish the proof of the conjecture of F. Bogomolov and F. Pop: Let $F_{1}$ and $F_{2}$ be fields finitely-generated and of transcendence degree $\geq 2$ over $k_{1}$ and $k_{2}$, respectively, where $k_{1}$ is either $\bar{\mathbb{Q}}$ or $\bar{\mathbb{F}}_{p}$, and $k_{2}$ is algebraically closed. We denote by $G_{F_1}$ and $G_{F_2}$ their respective absolute Galois groups. Then the canonical map $\varphi_{F_{1}, F_{2}}: \Isom^i(F_1, F_2)\rightarrow \Isom^{\Out}_{\cont}(G_{F_2}, G_{F_1})$ from the isomorphisms, up to Frobenius twists, of the inseparable closures of $F_1$ and $F_2$ to continuous outer isomorphisms of their Galois groups is a bijection. Thus, function fields of varieties of dimension $\geq 2$ over algebraic closures of prime fields are anabelian. We apply this to give a necessary and sufficient condition for an element of the Grothendieck-Teichmuller group to be an element of the absolute Galois group of $\bar{\mathbb{Q}}$.
An indirect radioimmunoassay for mouse casein using 125I-labeled antigen.

Abstract A new indirect radioimmunoassay was developed for detection of casein in mouse milk and in mammary tissue extract. Preincubation of rabbit γ globulin to mouse milk casein (Ca 2+ -rennin precipitate) with unlabeled casein, milk, extracts of mammary tissues of late pregnancy and lactation, virtually blocked subsequent binding of 125 I-labeled mouse milk casein to the antibody. Preincubation with mouse serum, bovine serum albumin, rennin, extracts of liver or immature mammary tissue had little effect on [ 125 I]casein binding to the antibody. The inability of [ 125 I]casein to bind to the antibody after preincubation with protein samples, which are likely to contain casein, is indicative of a specific antigen—antibody reaction. The assay is capable of detecting 0.2 μg casein, 1 μg milk proteins and 10 μg lactating mammary tissue extract. The application of the assay was also demonstrated using organ culture of the entire mammary gland. The glands treated with the lactogenic hormones, insulin + prolactin + cortisol, showed a saturation level of antibody—antigen reaction, indicating hormonal induction of casein; whereas, no reaction was observed with the non-treated gland.