cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sarcopenia and Physical Function in Middle-Aged and Older Stroke Survivors

Abstract Objectives To determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in stroke survivors using different methodologies, and compare a subset of the stroke group to age-, sex-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched nonstroke control counterparts. Design Cohort study. Setting A Veterans Affairs medical center and a university hospital. Participants Mild to moderately disabled participants >6 months after onset of stroke aged 40 to 84 years (N=190, 61% men, 57% African American; mean BMI ± SEM, 29±1kg/m 2 ). Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans to assess appendicular lean mass (ALM). Rates of sarcopenia were determined using 4 established methods: (1) ALM/height 2 (ALM/ht 2 ); (2) European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older Persons; (3) International Working Group on Sarcopenia; and (4) ALM/BMI. Results Sarcopenia prevalence in our stroke cohort ranged between 14% and 18%. The stroke survivor subset (n=38) matched one-for-one with control counterparts for race, sex, age ±4 years and BMI ±2.5kg/m 2 had higher prevalence rates compared with their nonstroke counterparts (13.2% vs 5.3%, P 2 was related to 6-minute walking speed ( r =.28, P r =.58, P Conclusions Stroke survivors show an elevated prevalence of sarcopenia when considering age, sex, and race compared with nonstroke individuals.
Study of Second-Moment Closure Models in Computations of Turbulent Shear Flows

This paper investigates the role of the pressure-strain model in numerical calculations of wall-bounded and wall-free turbulent shear flows with second-moment closure models. Only high Reynolds number models are considered. Five pressure-strain models are utilized in the computations. Two flows with comparable levels of Reynolds stress anisotropy are studied; namely a plane channel flow and a plane mixing layer. Mean and turbulent flow fields are compared against experimental data. Most of the models give good predictions of mean flow quantities. Predictions of turbulent quantities are not so good. Only one of the models could predict reasonably the variation in the Reynolds stress anisotropy in the wall-bounded flow without the use of wall-reflection terms.
Rapid and strong de novo donor-specific antibody development in a lung transplant recipient: Short communication/case report

A 66-yo female patient (typed B*39:01, 44:02) underwent first left single lung transplant (typed B*81:01, 15:17) on 02/07/2016 with negative for DSA in current and historical samples. On 02/17/2016 strong de novo DSA (MFI=15,200, C1q+) to B81 were detected. The recipient has two children typed B*07:02, 44:02 B*27:03, 39:01, and had received multiple vaccinations. Twinrix, Zostavax and MMR vaccines contain viruses grown on live human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5, typed B*07:02, 44:02, and WI-38, typed B*08:01, 58:01). Each dose of vaccine used for injection is known to contain protein components of fibroblasts including HLA. Most likely rapid de novo DSA development is due to booster effect produced by five exposures to mismatched B locus alleles which share the following epitopes: 70IAQ, 65QIA, 65QIA+76esn, 69aa+80n, and 163ew+73te. The later three consist of paired non-self and self eplets. Although likelihood of bystander effect produced by multiple vaccinations is low its impact cannot be ruled out.
Bimetallic catalysis for C–C and C–X coupling reactions

Bimetallic catalysis represents an alternative paradigm for coupling chemistry that complements the more traditional single-site catalysis approach. In this perspective, recent advances in bimetallic systems for catalytic C–C and C–X coupling reactions are reviewed. Behavior which complements that of established single-site catalysts is highlighted. Two major reaction classes are covered. First, generation of catalytic amounts of organometallic species of e.g. Cu, Au, or Ni capable of transmetallation to a Pd co-catalyst (or other traditional cross-coupling catalyst) has allowed important new C–C coupling technologies to emerge. Second, catalytic transformations involving binuclear bond-breaking and/or bond-forming steps, in some cases involving metal–metal bonds, represent a frontier area for C–C and C–X coupling processes.
Formalin disinfection of prostate biopsy needles may reduce post-biopsy infectious complications

We sought to determine whether formalin disinfection of prostate biopsy needles between cores reduces post-biopsy urinary tract infections (UTIs). We reviewed a single-surgeon experience of transrectal prostate biopsies from 2010 to 2014. Biopsies were performed in either an operative suite, where 10% formalin was used to disinfect the needle tip between each biopsy core, or an outpatient clinic, where formalin was not used. Our primary outcome was post-biopsy UTI rates, defined as a positive urine culture within 30 days of biopsy. Infection severity was characterized by the need for admission. Patient demographics, prostate size, prior biopsies, prior UTIs, pre-biopsy antibiotics and cultures and post-biopsy cultures were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to assess predictors of post-biopsy UTIs. Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05. A total of 756 patients were included for analysis, including 253 who received formalin disinfection and 503 who did not. Of these, 32 patients (4.2%) experienced post-biopsy UTIs, with 8 requiring admission (all without formalin use). Infection rates were more than double in the group that did not receive formalin (5.2% vs 2.3%, P=0.085). More patients in the formalin group had undergone prior biopsies (73.9% vs 31.8%, P<0.001). On multivariable analysis, prior UTI (odds ratio (OR) 3.77, P=0.006) was a significant predictor for post-biopsy infection, whereas formalin disinfection trended towards a protective effect (OR 0.41, P=0.055). Infectious complications following prostate biopsy may be mitigated by the use of formalin disinfection of the biopsy needle between cores.
Indoleacetic Acid, its Synthesis and Regulation: A Basis for Tumorigenicity in Plant Disease

The multibranched shikimic acid pathway provides the intermediates for the synthesis of the three amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan in microorganisms and plants. In plants, these three amino acids are precursors for a variety of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, lignin precursors, indole derivatives and numerous phenolic compounds (Fig. 1). The role of the aromatic amino acids in protein synthesis is well known as is the role of indoleacetic acid in plant development; however, the function of the various secondary products is much less clear. Various physiological roles have been proposed including pest resistance, chromagens in flowers and fruits, and precursors for the structural component, lignin.
Integration by the neuronal growth cone: a continuum from neuroplasticity to neuropathology.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the hypothesis that the neuronal growth cone is a primary locus for control of neuroplasticity. It describes several forms that the growth cone can manifest, ranging from the classical form characteristic of pioneering nerve fibers to the form recognized as the presynaptic terminal. The chapter develops the idea that all of these forms should be regarded as transition states of a highly dynamic structure rather than as final structures in some specific temporal blueprint. In this sense, the growth cone is regarded as the key morphological substrate of neuroplasticity. The same characteristics that endow this structure with a high degree of both morphological and functional plasticity also make it more liable for morphological changes that extend beyond the normal range of function and into the range of pathological degeneration. In this view, the growth cone and associated terminal structures are regarded as the primary potential locus of both neuroplasticity and neurodegeneration. The chapter also considers whether changes in one or more components of calcium homeostasis might, in fact, be responsible in the discrete transition between elongating growth cones and functional synaptic terminals.
EPR Uniform Field Signal Enhancement by Dielectric Tubes in Cavities

The dielectric tube resonator (DTR) for electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy is introduced. It is defined as a metallic cylindrical TE011 microwave cavity that contains a dielectric tube centered on the axis of the cylinder. Contour plots of dimensions of the metallic cylinder to achieve resonance at 9.5 GHz are shown for quartz, sapphire, and rutile tubes as a function of wall thickness and average radius. These contour plots were developed using analytical equations and confirmed by finite-element modeling. They can be used in two ways: design of the metallic cylinder for use at 9.5 GHz that incorporates a readily available tube such as a sapphire tube intended for NMR and design of a custom procured tube for optimized performance for specific sample-size constraints. The charts extend to the limiting condition where the dielectric fills the tube. However, the structure at this limit is not a dielectric resonator due to the metal wall and does not radiate. In addition, the uniform field (UF) DTR is introduced. Development of the UF resonator starting with a DTR is shown. The diameter of the tube remains constant along the cavity axis, and the diameter of the cylindrical metallic enclosure increases at the ends of the cavity to satisfy the uniform field condition. This structure has advantages over the previously developed UF TE011 resonators: higher resonator efficiency parameter Λ, convenient overall size when using sapphire tubes, and higher quality data for small samples. The DTR and UF DTR structures fill the gap between free space and dielectric resonator limits in a continuous manner.
A study of V3+ and the Vanadium acceptor level in semi-insulating 6H-SiC

Infrared absorption (IR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies are used to study the V3+ impurity and the vanadium acceptor level in 6H semi-insulating SiC. IR and EPR data obtained from samples cut from the same wafer support the assignment of the 0.60 and 0.62 eV IR absorption lines to substitutional V3+. Photo-induced EPR measurements reveal identical photo-thresholds for V3+ and V4+ ions. A peak at 0.8 eV, where the intensity of the three plus charge state decreases and the four plus charge state increases by an equal amount, is thought to represent excitation of an electron from V3+ to the conduction band edge. The 0.8 eV peak is therefore attributed to the V3+/4+ level. The difference between the optically measured value reported here and that measured previously using temperature dependent techniques is attributed thermal relaxation.
Smoking Cessation for Smokers Not Ready to Quit: Meta-analysis and Cost-effectiveness Analysis.

Context To provide a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis on smoking interventions targeting smokers not ready to quit, a population that makes up approximately 32% of current smokers. Evidence acquisition Twenty-two studies on pharmacological, behavioral, and combination smoking-cessation interventions targeting smokers not ready to quit (defined as those who reported they were not ready to quit at the time of the study) published between 2000 and 2017 were analyzed. The effectiveness (measured by the number needed to treat) and cost effectiveness (measured by costs per quit) of interventions were calculated. All data collection and analyses were performed in 2017. Evidence synthesis Smoking interventions targeting smokers not ready to quit can be as effective as similar interventions for smokers ready to quit; however, costs of intervening on this group may be higher for some intervention types. The most cost-effective interventions identified for this group were those using varenicline and those using behavioral interventions. Conclusions Updating clinical recommendations to provide cessation interventions for this group is recommended. Further research on development of cost-effective treatments and effective strategies for recruitment and outreach for this group are needed. Additional studies may allow for more nuanced comparisons of treatment types among this group.
Dynamics of elastic bodies

The extrapolation to dynamics of the minimization principles formulated above encounters difficulties, the essence of which can be observed for systems with one degree of freedom.
Principal Controversies in Vaccine Safety in the United States

Concerns about vaccine safety can lead to decreased acceptance of vaccines and resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases. We summarize the key evidence on some of the main current vaccine safety controversies in the United States, including (1) measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine and autism; (2) thimerosal, a mercury-based vaccine preservative and the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders; (3) vaccine-induced Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS); (4) vaccine-induced autoimmune diseases; (5) safety of human papillomavirus vaccine; (6) aluminum adjuvant-induced autoimmune diseases and other disorders; and (7) too many vaccines given early in life predisposing children to health and developmental problems. A possible small increased risk of GBS following influenza vaccination has been identified, but the magnitude of the increase is less than the risk of GBS following influenza infection. Otherwise, the biological and epidemiologic evidence does not support any of the reviewed vaccine safety concerns.
The Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Disorders Leading to Surgical Intervention

The ability to make a “clinical diagnosis” for temporomandibular disorders and advance to the conclusion that there is the medical necessity for a surgical correction is not an easy task. This involves many potential avenues and modalities. These would include years of clinical and/or surgical experience, a complete clinical medical and dental evaluation and examination, elimination of minor and major overlapping maladies, undergoing conservative nonsurgical care for a period of time when medically indicated, obtaining specific imaging of the hard and soft tissues of the TMJ area, using the Wilkes Classification when appropriate for internal derangements of the TMJ, and following good, sensible medical and dental ethical practices to assure that the patient comes first. Using the correct “clinical diagnosis” when medically indicated can point us to a surgical correction at a future date.
Indium silicon oxide thin films for infrared metaphotonics

We demonstrate silicon-doped indium oxide (ISO) with tunable epsilon near-zero and plasmonic behavior and propose it as a Si-compatible alternative material for metaphotonic applications in the mid-infrared (MIR) spectral range. ISO thin films were grown using DC and RF magnetron cosputtering deposition. Post-deposition thermal annealing was performed that resulted in large tunability of the optical dispersion data, as measured directly by variable-angle ellipsometry. Screened plasma wavelengths in the range 1.7 μm–5.8 μm were experimentally obtained depending on the annealing conditions. Moreover, ISO films with 350 nm thickness were investigated by atomic force microscopy that reveals a maximum rms roughness of 1.9 nm, enabling high-quality nanofabrication. In order to demonstrate the suitability of ISO thin films for the fabrication of plasmonic structures, we have produced ISO nanoparticle disk arrays using electron-beam lithography on Al2O3 substrates and shown, using both finite element method simulations and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, distinctive plasmonic resonances at MIR wavelengths tuned by the nanoparticles' spacing and aspect ratio. A figure of merit based on Mie theory is computed for spheres whose radii are either λ/10 or λ/3 over a broad spectral range that enables quantitative comparison with alternative plasmonic materials and reveals the full potential of ISO for engineering localized surface plasmons across the MIR spectral range. The development of fully Si-compatible plasmonic materials with engineered optical dispersion is important to enable cost-effective photonic-plasmonic high-density device integration for metaphotonic research.
Multiscale approach for the optimization of ketones production from carboxylic acids by the decarboxylative ketonization reaction

Abstract A historical perspective on the advancement of the decarboxylative ketonization catalysis research and development in industry and in academia is given with the focus on the past twenty years. Reviewed topics cover results of the most recent computational modeling and isotopic labeling studies, fine details of the reaction mechanism, experimental evidence for the existence of hidden degenerate reactions, explanation of the reaction rate inhibition, and reversibility of the reaction course. For this reaction, characterized strictly as acid-base catalysis, the origin of the misconception about the requirement for metal oxide catalysts being reducible and oxidizable is explained. Technology solutions for the selectivity improvement, as well as factors affecting catalyst stability are discussed. The review is prepared with the goal to help with the scaling up decarboxylative ketonization reaction for existing production of industrial ketones and for any bio fuels upgrading processes in the future.
Comparing the Role of Aberrant Salience and Dissociation in the Relation between Cumulative Traumatic Life Events and Psychotic-Like Experiences in a Multi-Ethnic Sample.

Exposure to traumatic life events (TLE) is a risk factor for psychosis. Yet, a dearth of studies examines factors linking TLE to psychosis, while considering differences in TLE frequency. This study investigated dissociation and aberrant salience as mediators and moderators of the relation between three TLE groups (none, 1–3 TLE and 4+ TLE) and psychotic-like experiences (PLE) in a multi-ethnic sample of 816 emerging adults. The participants completed self-report inventories of PLE (Prodromal Questionnaire), TLE (Life Events Checklist), dissociative experiences (Dissociative Symptoms Scale), and aberrant salience (Aberrant Salience Inventory). As expected, groups with higher TLE frequency endorsed higher PLE. Parallel mediation models indicated that, while aberrant salience mediated the relation between both levels of cumulative traumatic experiences (1–3 TLE and 4+ TLE) and PLE, dissociation only mediated the relation between exposure to at least four different traumatic experiences and PLE. The moderation results showed that risk of PLE was highest among individuals with 1–3 TLE who endorsed dissociation. Our results suggest that, while aberrant salience processing explains why TLE may relate to higher psychosis risk, dissociation’s role in this relation is dependent on the number of different TLE exposures.
Psychotherapy utilization, presenting concerns, and outcomes among Pacific Islander and Asian American Students

Historically psychological research has combined Asian Americans (AA) and Pacific Islanders (PI) into one ethnocultural group (AA/PI), thus obscuring important group differences. We evaluated group...
Straggler-resistant distributed matrix computation via coding theory.

The current BigData era routinely requires the processing of large scale data on massive distributed computing clusters. Such large scale clusters often suffer from the problem of "stragglers", which are defined as slow or failed nodes. The overall speed of a computational job on these clusters is typically dominated by stragglers in the absence of a sophisticated assignment of tasks to the worker nodes. In recent years, approaches based on coding theory (referred to as "coded computation") have been effectively used for straggler mitigation. Coded computation offers significant benefits for specific classes of problems such as distributed matrix computations (which play a crucial role in several parts of the machine learning pipeline). The essential idea is to create redundant tasks so that the desired result can be recovered as long as a certain number of worker nodes complete their tasks. In this survey article, we overview recent developments in the field of coding for straggler-resilient distributed matrix computations.
Optimzing engineering and production lots during product transitions in semiconductor manufacturing

The adverse impact of new product introductions on the performance of semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities (fabs) is widely acknowledged. In this paper, we develop a simulation model of a simplified production system that captures the impact of a new product introduction and the learning effects of production and engineering activities on the total system throughput. We use a simulation optimization procedure utilizing a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to obtain near optimal releases of production and engineering lots that maximize total contribution over the planning horizon. Numerical experiments provide insights into the structure of optimal release policies and illustrate the improvements that can be achieved through the strategic use of engineering lots.
THERE IS NO WRONG ROMANCE CAN’T RIGHT: HETERONORMATIVITY IN OUR ROMANTIC COMEDIES

O autor usa a Analise Critica do Discurso (ACD) para analisar mensagens heteronormativas sobre o romance como exibidas nas comedias românticas Crossing Delancey e Trainwreck . O ensaio oferece uma definicao extensa de solterismo, bem como esta permeia o pensamento contemporâneo antes de analisar os filmes. As conclusoes deste artigo indicam que os dois filmes em questao servem como argumentos que propagam mensagens “singlistas”.
Casimir Effect on Amplitude-Frequency Response of Parametric Resonance of Electrostatically Actuated NEMS Cantilever Resonators

This paper deals with the effect of Casimir force on the amplitudefrequency response of parametric resonance of electrostatically actuated nanoresonators. The resonator is actuated by using an electrostatic force to include a first order fringe correction. Casimir force and viscous damping force are included in the model, as well. Both electrostatic and Casimir forces are nonlinear. The behavior of the resonator is investigated using two methods, the Method of Multiple Scales (MMS) for a Reduced Order Model (ROM) using one mode of vibration, and numerical integration of ROMs using up to five modes of vibration. ROM is based on the application of a Galerkin procedure that uses the undamped mode shapes of the cantilevered beam as the basis of functions. The amplitude-frequency response consists of two bifurcations, namely subcritical and supercritical. The increase of Casimir effect shows an increase of the interval of frequencies of the unstable zero steady-state solutions, and a larger range of frequencies for which the system has stable steady-state solutions for amplitudes larger than 0.5 of the gap.
Innovation-as-a-Service: Emergent Lessons from an AI Innovation Management Project

Many organizations face pressures to stay on the “cutting-edge,” that is, leverage emerging technologies to demonstrate currency and competitiveness in fast-changing, sociotechnical industrial environments. These challenges reside at the core of a growing array of organizations selling “innovation-as-a-service” offerings. These offerings capitalize on both clients’ ambitions and also insecurities over their ability to provide state-of-the-art products and services worthy of the label innovation. What is the work required to transform novel inventions into innovations? In this paper, we report on ethnographic fieldwork studying innovation-as-a-service activities at a large, global technology and services company. These activities focus on the integration of novel artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) capabilities in service offerings aimed to provide “innovation” to clients. Our emergent findings center on: relationing (nurturing the various relationships implicated in each engagement) and bundling (crafting compelling, yet mutable documentation for diverse audiences).
The Layer Potentials

Let \(q=(q_{ij})\), \(i=1,\ldots ,n,\) \(j=1,\ldots ,m,\) be a matrix, \(X\) a space of scalar functions, and \(L\) a scalar operator on \(X\). In what follows we write \(q\in X\) if \(q_{ij}\in X\), \(i=1,\ldots ,n,\) \(j=1,\ldots ,m;\) we also write \(Lq=(Lq_{ij})\).
Race and Unchilding: Incarcerated childhood and the politics of unchilding, by Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, New York, Cambridge University Press, 2019, 174pp., US$110.00 (cloth), ISBN: 978-1108429870

I would not have described my research on settler colonialism and racial violence as having a focus on children. I was therefore surprised when a friend pointed out that two of my books have cover ...
Formalism and Realism in Private Law

This chapter examines the benefits and drawbacks of determinate rules in private law: rules provide settlement and support coordination, at the cost of some undesirable results in particular cases. It also traces the traditional methods used in equity to soften the adverse consequences of enforcing rules. It compares, and finds misguided, the dismissive attitude that many American Legal Realists adopted toward rules. It concludes, however, that the damage done to the artificial but useful law/equity divide may be irrevocable.
Pharmaceutical Aspects and Clinical Evaluation of COVID-19 Vaccines

COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first detected in December 2019 and has since morphed into a global pandemic claiming over 2.4 million human lives and severely impacting global economy. The race for a safe and efficacious vaccine was thus initiated with government agencies as well as major pharmaceutical companies as frontrunners. An ideal vaccine would activate multiple arms of the adaptive immune system to generate cytotoxic T cell responses as well as neutralizing antibody responses, while avoiding pathological or deleterious immune responses that result in tissue damage or exacerbation of the disease. Developing an effective vaccine requires an inter-disciplinary effort involving virology, protein biology, biotechnology, immunology and pharmaceutical sciences. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the pathology and immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, which are fundamental to vaccine development. We then summarize the rationale for developing COVID-19 vaccines and provide novel insights into vaccine development from a pharmaceutical science perspective, such as selection of different antigens, adjuvants, delivery platforms and formulations. Finally, we review multiple clinical trial outcomes of novel vaccines in terms of safety and efficacy.
Impact of COVID-19 on public health nursing student learning outcomes.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of a strong, effective public health nursing workforce while also requiring public health nursing faculty to adapt teaching strategies as courses transitioned online. It is essential to understand how the pandemic-enforced transition from face-to-face to remote learning impacts student outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to compare student learning outcomes in a pre-licensure public health nursing course before, during, and after the transition to remote learning. Methods Descriptive statistics were computed for assignments, exams, and final course grades for three terms (Fall 2019, Spring 2020 and Fall 2020). Results Analysis showed statistically significant differences between terms for assignments and exams but not the final course grade. However, these differences were driven by small standard deviations rather than differences between mean scores demonstrating that there was actual little difference in student learning outcomes across terms. Conclusions Authors suggest strategies to support consistent academic outcomes and future research needed understand student learning outcomes during the pandemic; ultimately building the public health nursing workforce necessary to address the current and future public health crises.
Video Quality Using Outpatient Smartphone Videos in Epilepsy: Results from the OsmartViE Study

Background and purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of smartphone videos (SVs) of neurologic events in adult epilepsy outpatients. The use of home video recording in patients with neurological disease states is increasing. Experts interpretation of outpatient smartphone videos of seizures and neurological events has demonstrated similar diagnostic accuracy to inpatient video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring. Methods A prospective, multicenter cohort study was conducted to evaluate SV quality in patients with paroxysmal neurologic events from August 15, 2015 through August 31, 2018. Epileptic seizures (ESs), psychogenic nonepileptic attacks (PNEAs), and physiologic nonepileptic events (PhysNEEs) were confirmed by video-EEG monitoring. Experts and senior neurology residents blindly viewed cloud-based SVs without clinical information. Quality ratings with regard to technical and operator-driven metrics were provided in responses to a survey. Results Forty-four patients (31 women, age 45.1 years [r = 20-82]) were included and 530 SVs were viewed by a mean of seven experts and six residents; one video per patient was reviewed for a mean of 133.8 s (r = 9-543). In all, 30 patients had PNEAs, 11 had ESs, and three had PhysNEEs. Quality was suitable in 70.8% of SVs (375/530 total views), with 36/44 (81.8%) patient SVs rated as adequate by the majority of reviewers. Accuracy improved with the presence of convulsive features from 72.4% to 98.2% in ESs and from 71.1% to 95.7% in PNEAs. An accurate diagnosis was given by all reviewers (100%) in 11/44 SVs (all PNEAs). Audio was rated as good by 86.2% of reviewers for these SVs compared with 75.4% for the remaining SVs (p = 0.01). Lighting was better in SVs associated with high accuracy (p = 0.06), but clarity was not (p = 0.59). Poor video quality yielded unknown diagnoses in 24.2% of the SVs reviewed. Features hindering diagnosis were limited interactivity, restricted field of view and short video duration. Conclusions Smartphone video quality is adequate for clinical interpretation in the majority of patients with paroxysmal neurologic events. Quality can be optimized by encouraging interactivity with the patient, adequate duration of the SV, and enlarged field of view during videography. Quality limitations were primarily operational though accuracy remained for SV review of ESs and PNEAs.
Purification and properties of mammalian liver cytidine triphosphate synthetase.

Abstract Cytidine triphosphate synthetase detected earlier in crude rat liver extracts by other workers (Hurlbert, R. B., and Kammen, H. O., J. Biol. Chem., 235, 443 (1960)) has been purified about 350-fold from rat and calf liver. The enzyme catalyzes the conversion of UTP to CTP in the presence of ATP, l-glutamine, Mg++, and a sulfhydryl-containing compound. Although it is not an absolute requirement for the reaction, GTP is necessary for optimal activity. The kinetics of the reaction have been investigated. The velocity as a function of UTP concentration at saturating and nonsaturating concentrations of either ATP or GTP strongly resembled Michaelis-Menten hyperbolas. Similarly, hyperbolic relationships were found between the velocity and the concentration of l-glutamine either in the absence or presence of GTP. All Hill plots of these data were linear and gave Hill coefficients of unity. Thus, neither positive nor negative cooperative interactions between substrate sites or activator sites were detectable with this enzyme. These results sharply differentiate the liver enzyme from the analogous CTP synthetase of Escherichia coli B studied by other workers (Long, C. W., and Pardee, A. B., J. Biol. Chem., 242, 4715 (1967)). The bacterial enzyme has a much more stringent requirement for GTP but has no need for a sulfhydryl compound. The bacterial enzyme can exhibit both strong positive and negative cooperative substrate site interactions. With regard to regulation of enzymatic activity at the molecular level, it is noteworthy that liver and E. coli differ fundamentally at another locus in the biosynthetic pathway de novo for pyrimidine nucleotides. The liver aspartate transcarbamylase exhibits Michaelis-Menten behavior and the bacterial enzyme, sigmoidal kinetics (Gerhart, J. C., and Pardee, A. B., J. Biol. Chem., 237, 891 (1962)). The liver enzyme but not the bacterial enzyme is insensitive to negative feedback by CTP and to activation by ATP (Bresnick, E., and Mosse, H., Biochem. J., 101, 63 (1966)).
Sleep and birthweight predict visceral adiposity in overweight/obese children.

Summary Background Visceral adiposity poses significant consequences for long-term health and it is important to identify methods that can be used to prevent fat deposition in visceral adipose tissue. Objective To identify the factors contributing to differential fat distribution in overweight/obese children. Methods Demographic, dietary and lifestyle factors potentially associated with increased visceral adipose tissue in overweight and obese South-Indian children aged 3 to 16 years. The diagnosis of visceral obesity was based on the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) cut-off value of 0.5. Results Exposure variables with statistically different distributions in the two WHtR categories, when examined by Mann–Whitney and chi-square tests, were used to develop a binary logistic regression model of visceral adiposity. Increased birthweight and higher sleep duration were significant predictors of having a healthy WHtR, with odds ratios of 1.30 and 1.26 respectively. Conclusions Early programming effects associated with low birthweight and current sleep deprivation could promote the storage of excess fat as visceral adipose tissue in overweight and obese children.
Rorschach Inkblot Method.

The Rorschach Inkblot Method (RIM) is a psychometrically sound performance-based personality assessment instrument that consists of 10 inkblots printed individually on 6¾- by 9¼-inch cards. Five of these blots are printed in shades of gray and black; two of the blots are in shades of red, gray, and black; and the remaining three blots are in shades of various pastel colors. The RIM is administered by showing people the cards one at a time and asking them to say what they see in them (“What might this be?”). In a second phase of the examination, respondents are asked to indicate where in the blots they saw each of their percepts and what made the percepts look as they did. The basic premise underlying Rorschach assessment is that how people look at the inkblots says something about how they look at the world, and the way people look at the world says something about the kind of person they are. Keywords: personality assessment; psychological assessment; performance-based personality measures
Hyperkalemia Associated with Use of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers

The aims of this article are to review the current understanding of hyperkalemia associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) therapy. This includes reviewing the pathophysiology of how these agents affect potassium handling within the kidney, risk factors for developing hyperkalemia, incidence, clinical signs and symptoms, and providing a practical approach to treatment of the patient who is either at risk of, or experiencing, hyperkalemia. ACEi and ARB are effective therapeutic agents used in a variety of clinical scenarios. However, related to their effects on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, their use can be associated with hyperkalemia, particularly in patients who have chronic renal insufficiency. Published incidence estimates of hyperkalemia associated with ACEi or ARB vary, but up to 10% of patients may experience at least mild hyperkalemia. Important considerations when initiating ACEi or ARB therapy include obtaining an estimate of glomerular filtration rate and a baseline serum potassium concentration, as well as assessing whether the patient has excessive potassium intake from diet, supplements, or drugs that can also increase serum potassium. Serum potassium monitoring shortly after initiation of therapy can assist in preventing hyperkalemia. If hyperkalemia does develop, prompt recognition of cardiac dysrhythmias and effective treatment to antagonize the cardiac effects of potassium, redistribute potassium into cells, and remove excess potassium from the body is important.Understanding the mechanism of action of ACEi and ARB coupled with judicious drug use and clinical vigilance can minimize the risk to the patient of developing hyperkalemia. Should hyperkalemia occur, prompt recognition and management can optimize clinical outcome.
Rule of Law for Whom: Strengthening the Rule of Law as a Solution to Sexual Violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

This article suggests that programs designed to strengthen the rule of law in general are unlikely to be effective against the widespread problem of sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. I argue that while weak rule of law perpetuates sexual violence, only rule of law programs designed specifically with respect to the needs, risks, and cultural norms pertaining to Congolese women can help curb this problem. The article begins with a brief history of conflict in the Great Lakes region of Africa to provide context for a discussion of the scope of sexual violence in the eastern provinces of the DR Congo. It then introduces the notion of "rule of law" before evaluating the ways in which weak rule of law in the eastern DR Congo contributes to the problem of sexual violence. Finally, the article makes four arguments to support the central claim that strengthening the rule of law will be effective against sexual violence only if specifically tailored in the ways noted above. INTRODUCTION 140 I.A BRIEF HISTORY OF CONFLICT IN THE GREAT LAKES REGION 141 II.THE CRISIS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE 145 A. Scope of the Crisis 145 B. Socio-cultural Implications of Sexual Violence ........ ........ 147 J.D. Candidate, 2011 University of California, Berkeley School of Law; M.T.S., Harvard Divinity School; A.B., University of Missouri. I would like to thank Professor Kate Jastram for valuable guidance and consistent encouragement on this project. My colleagues in the Global Migration Seminar at Berkeley were excellent discussion partners and offered helpful feedback. Kerry Gough, Elizabeth Hawkins Lincoln, Stephen Rosenbaum and Ernesto Verdeja each put a critical eye to various drafts of this paper. Finally, thanks to Alison Mollman and the excellent staff of the Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law & Justice for their keen editing. I welcome comments, questions, corrections and other correspondence about the subject of this article; I can be reached at ryanlincoln@post.harvard.edu. BERKELEY JOURNAL OF GENDER, LAW & JUSTICE 139 BERKELEY JOURNAL OF GENDER, LAW & JUSTICE III.RULE OF LAW IN THE DR CONGO. ...... 149 A. Defining the Rule of Law ...... 149 B. Rule of Law Programs in the DR Congo 151 C. Sexual Violence and the Rule of Law in the DR Congo 153 1. Government Bound by Law......... 154 2. Equality Before the Law 155 3. Law and Order 156 4. Predictable and Efficient Justice 156 5. State Violation of Human Rights 157 6. Rule of Law Institutions ........ 158 IV.CREATING A VIABLE RULE OF LAW SOLUTION 158 A. Limitations of Armed Conflict and Political Efficacy on the Rule of Law ...... 159 B. Rule of Law as Evaluative / Rule of Law as Creative .... ...... 160 C. Gender Issues and the Rule of Law 161 D. Rule of Law Must Take Norms Into Account 164 CONCLUSION 167
Port and modal allocation of waterborne containerized imports from Asia to the United States

Abstract An economic optimization model of waterborne containerized imports from Asia to the USA is described. Imports are allocated to alternative ports and logistics channels so as to minimize total transportation and inventory costs for each importer. Logistics channels include direct shipment of marine containers via truck or rail, and trans-loading in the hinterlands of the ports of entry from marine containers into domestic trailers or containers. The model was exercised with 2004 actual transportation costs, import volumes and declared values, plus a range of hypothetical container fees assessed on imports routed via the San Pedro Bay Ports. The results show that, without reductions in container movement lead times, container fees would result in significant diversion of cargoes to other ports. In contrast, if infrastructure is improved such that lead times for container movement are significantly reduced, the model predicts little or no decrease in overall imports via San Pedro Bay but a substantial increase in trans-loaded imports for fees ranging up to $200 per 40-foot container.
A case for virtual channel processors

Modern desktop and server computer systems use multiple processors: general purpose CPU(s), graphic processor (GPU), network processors (NP) on Network Interface Cards (NICs), RAID controllers, and signal processors on sound cards and modems. Some of these processors traditionally have been special purpose processors but there is a trend towards replacing some of these with embedded general purpose processors. At the same time main CPUs become more powerful; desktop CPUs start featuring Simultaneous Multi-Threading (SMT); and Symmetric Multi-Processing (SMP) systems are widely used in server systems. However, the structure of operating systems has not really changed to reflect these trends --- different types of processors evolve at different timescales (largely driven by market forces) requiring significant changes to operating systems kernels to reflect the appropriate tradeoffs.In this position paper we propose to re-vitalise the old idea of channel processors by encapsulating operating system I/O subsystems in Virtual Channel Processors (VCPs). VCPs perform I/O operations on behalf of an OS. They provide similar development, performance, and fault isolation as dedicated (embedded) I/O processors do while offering the flexibility to split functionality between the main processor(s) and dedicated processors without affecting the rest of the OS. If part of a VCP is executed on the main processor, we propose to make use of virtual machine technology and SMT/SMP features to isolate its performance from that of the rest of the system and to protect the system from faults within the VCP.
Effective Detection of Active Worms with Varying Scan Rate

Active worms have been posing a major security threat to today's Internet. It is widely believed that active worms continue their evolutions. In this paper, we model a new form of active worms called Varying Scan Rate worm (the VSR worm in short). The VSR worm deliberately varies its scan rate and is able to avoid being effectively detected by existing worm detection schemes. The emerging "Atak" worm belongs to this category of worms. To countermeasure the VSR worm, we design a new worm detection scheme called attack target Distribution Entropy based dynamiC detection scheme (DEC detection in short). DEC detection utilizes the attack target distribution and its statistical entropy in conjunction with dynamic decision rules to distinguish worm scan traffic from non-worm scan traffic. We conduct extensive performance evaluations on the DEC detection scheme, using real-world traces as background scan traffic. Our data clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of the DEC detection scheme in detecting VSR worms as well as traditional worms.
Theory of Rotor Dynamics With Coupling of Disk and Blade Flexibility and Support Structure Asymmetry

The classical theory of shaft whirling is extended to account for the third dimensional effects, due to asymmetry of support structures and flexibility of disks and blades, often encountered in modern aircraft engines. The shaft assumes a component of whipping in addition to steady whirling; the resulting elliptical motion alters the gyroscopic effect of the classical theory and introduces the possibility of coupled disk and blade vibration. A sample analysis of a model of a representative engine rotor illustrates possible drastic inadequacy of the classical theory.Copyright © 1974 by ASME
Asymptomatic myelolipoma of the adrenal

Myelolipoma of the adrenal gland is a rare benign tumour which seldom produces symptoms unless it attains considerable size or hemorrhages into itself. Histologically the tumor is composed of varying proportions of fat and bone marrow elements. We present a case of a male child, with homozygous beta thalassemia and asymptomatic myelolipoma.
Independent social choice correspondences

A fixed agenda social choice correspondence Φ on outcome set X maps each profile of individual preferences into a nonempty subset of X. If Φ satisfies an analogue of Arrow's independence of irrelevant alternatives condition, then either the range of Φ contains exactly two alternatives, or else there is at most one individual whose preferences have any bearing on Φ. This is the case even if Φ is not defined for any proper subset of X.
Design of the adaptive optics systems for GMT

The Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) includes adaptive optics (AO) as an integral component of its design. Planned scientific applications of AO span an enormous parameter space: wavelengths from 1 to 25 μm, fields of view from 1 arcsec to 8 arcmin, and contrast ratio as high as 10 9 . The integrated systems are designed about common core elements. The telescope's Gregorian adaptive secondary mirror, with seven segments matched to the primary mirror segments, will be used for wavefront correction in all AO modes, providing for high throughput and very low background in the thermal infrared. First light with AO will use wavefront reconstruction from a constellation of six continuous-wave sodium laser guide stars to provide ground-layer correction over 8 arcmin and diffraction-limited correction of small fields. Natural guide stars will be used for classical AO and high contrast imaging. The AO system is configured to feed both the initial instrument suite and ports for future expansion.
Should the Davis-Bacon act be repealed?

F ifty-two years ago Congress passed the Davis-Bacon Act in order to correct a serious labor abuse caused by two factors: a huge federal construction program and a chaotic labor market. Unscrupulous contractors were winning government contracts by employing itinerant bands of unskilled laborers and paying them exploitive wages. This widespread practice had two results: it took contracts away from local contractors, and it resulted in work of lower quality since the laborers were, at best, only marginally skilled. The Davis-Bacon Act successfully corrected this abuse. Today, however, it is questionable whether the Act is viable and effective under current economic conditions, and a move is clearly afoot to repeal the Act or to amend it radically. The champion of the Act is organized labor-primarily the Building and Construction Trades of the AFL-CIO-in tandem with the Department of Labor. Together they have joined to provide almost every word in defense of the Act. The foes of Davis-Bacon are far more diversified and include nine separate Government Accounting Office reports, a Carter administration Office of Management and Budget report, and a report by the Congressional Budget Office, to name only a few. 1 As could be expected, management organizations, such as the Associated General Contractors and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, are also quite vocal in their support for repeal. It is interesting to note that no professional economists have testified in favor of the Davis-Bacon Act. 2 Ultimately the fate of the Davis-Bacon Act will be decided by Congress, not necessarily as a result of a rational decision about what is right or wrong, effective or obso-