cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transmission of 10 Gbps Duobinary Signals Using an Integrated Laser-Mach Zehnder Modulator

Generation and transmission of 10 Gbps duobinary signals is demonstrated using an integrated widely-tunable SGDBR laser and Mach-Zehnder modulator over a wavelength range of 1538 nm - 1564 nm.
Sequential climate change policy

Successfully managing global climate change will require a process of sequential, or iterative, decision-making, whereby policies and other decisions are revised repeatedly over multiple decades in response to changes in scientific knowledge, technologicalcapabilities, orotherconditions.Sequential decisionsarerequiredby the combined presence of long lags and uncertainty in climate and energy systems. Climate decision studies have most often examined simple cases of sequential decisions, with two decision points at fixed times and initial uncertainties that are resolved at the second decision point. Studies using this formulation initially suggested that increasing uncertainty favors stronger immediate action, while the prospect of future learning favors weaker immediate action, but subsequent work with more general formulations showed that the direction of either effect is indeterminate, depending on multiple elements of model structure and parameter values. Current issues in sequential climate decision-making include assessing responses to potential slow learning or negative learning, and examining the implications of various mechanisms by which current decision-makers may seek toinfluence future decisionsby alteringthe choicesets,knowledge states,marginal costs and benefits, or default procedural requirements faced by future decisionmakers.  2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. WIREs Clim Change 2011 2 744‐756 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.128
A deep ocean data recovery module

Developments in undersea acoustic telemetry make it feasible to read low to moderate amounts of data from subsea instruments from shipboard. When it is necessary to recover gigabytes of data, however, the time and energy required by an acoustic telemetry link can become prohibitive, particularly for battery powered instrumentation. A pop-up module has been developed to allow the recovery of 2-4 Gbytes of data from both moored and bottom-mounted subsea systems, without the need for recovery of the primary oceanographic instrumentation. The pop-up module is based on a recoverable acoustic transponder, to which are added a 3.5-inch, 2.1-Gigabyte, SCSI hard disk drive and a 80386SL-based controller. The pop-up controller is connected to the subsea system using pressure-balanced, oil-filled, underwater mateable connectors that separate when the pop-up is released. Two channels of data can be transferred from the subsea system to the pop-up at 125 kbps each. The initial application of the pop-up module is to recover data from autonomous vertical hydrophone arrays developed for the Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate (ATOC) program. Four pop-up modules mounted on the subsurface float supporting the array allow the recovery of data at approximately quarterly intervals during a year-long deployment.
Effect of Gender and Maturity on Quadriceps-to-Hamstring Strength Ratio and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Laxity:

BackgroundExercise programs have been introduced to reduce the ACL injury risk in female athletes. The most effective age at which to start these programs is not known.HypothesisAge and gender affect ligament laxity and quadriceps-to-hamstring strength ratio.Study DesignCross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.MethodsFifty-three female and 70 male recreational soccer players, 10 to 18 years of age, were studied with physical examination, KT-1000 arthrometry, and manual maximum quadriceps and hamstring strength using a handheld dynamometer. The subjects were separated into 4 groups to examine maturity-related intergender differences: group G1, premenarchal girls (n = 24); group B1, boys 13 years and younger (n = 38); group G2, girls 2 or more years after menarche (n = 29); and group B2, boys 14 years and older (n = 32).ResultsBoth knees of 123 soccer players were evaluated. The mean ages for groups G1, B1, G2, and B2 were 11.50 ± 1.69, 10.63 ± 1.85, 15.5 ± 1.43, and 15.59 ± 1.24 years, respectively, and...
Autoimmune diseases associated with type 1 diabetes.

CURRENTLY, IN THE United States, the prevalence of Type 1 diabetes in children is approximately 1.82 in 1,000 (Liese et al., 2006). Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease and is associated with a number of other autoimmune disorders. The association of Type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroiditis has been well described in the literature and is well known to most pediatric nurses who care for these children. Type 1 diabetes is also associated with celiac disease and Addison's disease (Dittmar & Kahly, 2003). These comorbidities, although well described in the literature, are less familiar to health care providers.
The Comparative Impacts of Social Justice Educational Methods on Political Participation, Civic Engagement, and Multicultural Activism

This cross-sectional, repeated measures, quasi-experimental study evaluates changes in college students’ commitment toward, and confidence in, political participation, civic engagement, and multicultural activism. Our sample (n = 653) consisted of college students in a Midwestern university who participated in one of three social justice education course types (service learning, intergroup dialogue, or lecture-based diversity classes) or in an “introduction to psychology” course (the non-intervention group). After completion of a social justice education course, students reported an increase in political participation and multicultural activism, whereas students enrolled in the non-intervention group reported no changes in these measures. Service learning course participants started and ended their course with the highest reported levels of political participation, civic engagement, and multicultural activism but did not demonstrate an increase in any of the three outcomes. Intergroup dialogue participant...
Bardet‐Biedl Syndrome, an Oligogenic Disease

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare multisystemic disorder characterized by defects in renal function, obesity, mental retardation, retinal degeneration and polydactyly. The disease is transmitted primarily in an autosomal recessive fashion but can also exhibit oligogenic inheritance. Twelve BBS genes have been identified to date. Based on localization and functional studies of their protein products, the underlying cause of the disease phenotype is defects in ciliary function which accounts for the pleiotropic nature of the disease. Though it is still unclear exactly how these genes function in cellular signalling pathways, evidence suggests that they are important in a number of fundamental pathways, including the Wnt signalling pathway. Keywords: Bardet-Biedl syndrome; cilium; basal body; oligogenic; Wnt
Assessing the Scholarship of Teaching: Valid Decisions from Valid Evidence.

In order to assess, recognize, and reward the scholarship of teaching, it is critical to define its characteristics and outcomes. This chapter discusses evaluation criteria for both formative and summative purposes.
Technology advances for continuous compression milling pretreatment of lignocellulosics for enzymatic hydrolysis

The feasibility of a continuous compression milling pretreatment process for the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosics has been demonstrated. Pretreatment efficiency was improved significantly by adjustment of feedstock moisture content prior to milling and/or increasing the roll pressure on the feedstock. Optimum moisture contents for newspaper (24%). corn stover (17%), popular (12-20%) were determined. Sugar Yields of 48% were obtained from air-dried newspaper after six passes through even-pressure rolls and the specific energy input was 0.21kW h/lb. The Effect of roll speed on enzymatic hydrolysis improvement was constant over a roll speed range of from 30-110 ft/min (65 rpm). Enzymatic hydrolysis results from commercial-scale pretreatment of moist newspaper processed at 6 tons/h/ correlated well with laboratory mill data while energy consumption was 26% less.
Effect of Additive Components on Thermal Stability of Fiber Finishes

In an effort to investigate the thermal degradation of fiber finishes on fiber manufacturing equipment, different additive components (i.e., lubricants, emulsifiers, antistatic agents and antioxidants) of textile fiber finishes were thermally stressed at high temperature (i.e., 220 °C). Oxidative-degradation behavior of common components of formulated finishes has been evaluated independently and in mixtures with other components (formulated finish). Using chemical and physical analyses, the changes in the molecular weights and products of degradation were investigated. Thermal degradation of formulated finishes prepared in this research was compared with two ready-to-use formulated finishes from industry. Results of this work provide valuable insights that improve the thermal stability of textile fiber finishes.
Response to Spencer Weart

Three points are discussed in response to Spencer Weart's remarks. First, Thucydides 6.32-41, which Weart considers damaging to the case for democracy in Syracuse, instead strongly supports it. Second, Weart's contention that Athenians did not perceive the Syracusans as democratic lacks any supporting ancient testimony; indeed, the fact that Thucydides was an Athenian and was fully aware of the Syracusan democracy implies the reverse. Finally, Weart's claim that ancient oligarchic republics also maintained peaceful relations with each other requires far more demonstration than has been offered, and in any case would seem to be contradicted by a number of historical examples.
Intraventricular Sialidase Administration Enhances GM1 Ganglioside Expression and Is Partially Neuroprotective in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Background Preclinical and clinical studies have previously shown that systemic administration of GM1 ganglioside has neuroprotective and neurorestorative properties in Parkinson’s disease (PD) models and in PD patients. However, the clinical development of GM1 for PD has been hampered by its animal origin (GM1 used in previous studies was extracted from bovine brains), limited bioavailability, and limited blood brain barrier penetrance following systemic administration.
Refusing Detroit’s public school failure: African American women’s educational advocacy and critical care versus the politics of disposability

This article highlights a narrative study of African American women educational advocates in Detroit and the political resistance they enact to combat the inequities of structural educational failure and disempowering neoliberal dynamics. The Detroit advocates have challenged the traditional public educational system as volunteers, family members, community activists, elected officials, and/or professional educators. The author discusses the advocates’ perspectives, experiences, and improvement strategies in light of Detroit’s complex, market-based educational landscape. Findings pertain to the advocates’ efforts to respond to educational and communal loss, family engagement barriers, insufficient school choice options, and concerns about privatization. Their narratives comprise counter-stories that illustrate theoretical notions of critical care and traditions of Black women’s political resistance used to combat the politics of disposability that hinder many urban communities. The author concludes the article by indicating how the Detroit advocates’ work can inform broader efforts to improve urban education.
Rejection hurts: the effect of being dumped on subsequent mating efforts.

Many of the qualities that people seek in a long-term partner are not directly observable. As a consequence, information gathered through social learning may be important in partner assessment. Her...
Just-In-Time Data Structures.

Adaptive indexing is a promising alternative to classical ofine index optimization. Under adaptive indexing, index creation and re-organization take place automatically and incrementally as a side-eect of query execution. Adaptive indexing implementations optimize the index’s structure by progressively rewriting it until it converges to a single idealized form such as a sorted array or B-Tree. However, the ideal representation changes over time: An adaptive index that is initially optimal for one workload becomes suboptimal as the workload’s characteristics change. In this paper we generalize adaptive indexing, adding the ability to adjust the layout and behavior of the index to workload changes even after convergence. This radical justin-time data structure approach to index construction and maintenance allows for indexes that dynamically adapt to changing workloads. Even with this generality, specialization is still possible. A just-in-time data structure emulates classical adaptive indexing schemes when appropriate, while also being able to adopt a hybrid stance tailored to a specic workload. We show that our approach is feasible and enables indexes that quickly pivot between dierent behaviors.
Electron transfer during metal-assisted and stain etching of silicon

The etching of silicon in fluoride solutions is limited by the kinetics of charge transfer not thermodynamics. This characteristic is what gives fluoride etching its great versatility in making different types of nanostructures as the result of self-limiting chemistry. This review approaches the kinetics of electron transfer from silicon and metal-coated silicon to a solution phase species from a fundamental point of view in order to establish a better understanding of the mechanisms of nanostructure formation during metal-assisted and stain etching of silicon. Band bending calculations demonstrate that diffusion of holes away from low work function metals such as Ag is not possible. Similarly diffusion of holes outside of the space charge layer is not possible for high work function metals such as Au, Pd and Pt. While direct hole injection may be important for etch track pore formation in the immediate vicinity of the metal, the charge imbalance on or near the metal causes the metal to act like a nanopower supply that polarizes the surrounding Si. This second mechanism is implicated in nonlocal etching of Si during metal-assisted etching.
A multi-theoretical framework to explain same-sex intimate partner violence perpetration and victimization: a test of social learning, strain, and self-control

AbstractCriminological theories used to explain intimate partner violence perpetration and victimization in heterosexual relationships have rarely been extended to same-sex intimate partner violence (SSIPV). As such, this study examines the predictability of social learning, general strain, and self-control to SSIPV perpetration and victimization. Using a sample of college students from two large public universities, results indicate that variables derived from general strain theory better predicted SSIPV perpetration than any other criminological theory (social learning and selfcontrol). Only one variable (depression) was significant in predicting victimization. Implications for SSIPV research and future directions are discussed.
Enchained by visible light–mediated photoredox catalysis

Free radicals are exploited in biology, often through highly controlled enzymatic reactions, to drive many reactions that would be difficult via nonradical routes that transfer two electrons ( 1 ). In synthetic chemistry, visible-light photoredox catalysis has emerged as an economical and environmentally benign route for promoting free radical transformations in the lab ( 2 – 4 ). Although the initial light-sensitization steps are well established ( 5 ), insufficient attention has been dedicated to essential mechanistic features of the closed catalytic cycle ( 6 ). Several reports have hypothesized that these photocatalyzed reactions are terminated through a closed catalytic cycle, which delivers the final product and regenerates the ground state of the photosensitizer (PS). However, Cismesia and Yoon ( 6 ) highlight that some of the mechanistic proposals may be incomplete and may involve radical chains.
The Meaning of Bier's Spots.

By vital staining with highly diffusible dyes we have found that sudden reductions of the blood volume lead to readjustments whereby the organs essential to the maintenance of life and to recovery continue to be well served by the circulation but at the expense of unessential ones, both visceral and peripheral.1 The animals studied were white cats, rabbits and rats. The heart and lungs, the alimentary tract throughout its length (inclusive of the tongue and the gall bladder), the liver, pancreas, red bone marrow, and the respiratory muscles suffer practically no deprivation, even when the depletion has been pushed so far as to endanger life; whereas the skin and the voluntary muscles in general, the omentum, fat depots and urinary bladder are greatly neglected. One would expect the effective circulation through the spleen to cease, as does indeed happen. All the other neglected organs develop an ischemic patching except the bladder, which suffers as a whole. That in the skin resembles the so-called Bier's...
Technological Decision Making: Fused Shale Tool Production in California:

Close examination of lithic raw material characteristics in conjunction with regional and diachronic artifact analyses is essential to our understanding of human technological decision making. I explore technological features and performance characteristics of a major lithic raw material type, fused shale, used by Chumash and Tongva toolmakers of southern California for making spear and arrow points. The primary source for this material was the Grimes Canyon vicinity, 35 km inland from Ventura, California. Fused shale was one of several cryptocrystalline materials favored regionally for making projectile points, along with various cherts from the Monterey and Franciscan formations and, more rarely, non-local obsidians. I discuss physical characteristics of fused shale, the chronological and spatial distribution of fused shale artifacts, the propensity of fused shale points to fracture, and results of a preliminary portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) trace elemental analysis on source material from the Grim...
Analysis of influenza Surveillance in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province,2010-2012

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Nanchang City, Jiangxi and the circulation of subtype influenza viruses and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of influenza in Nanchang. Methods To analyze the epidemiological characteristic and ILI, case report, virus subtype were all collected from China information system for diseases control and prevention system in 2010-2012. Results A total of 2415240 ILI cases and 910 confirmed cases were reported and the ILI ratio is 5.48. Totally 1347 samples were tested in influenza network laboratories, and the positive rate was 16.11%.Among the positive samples, influenza B viruses accounted for 40.55%, and influenza H3 viruses accounted for 44.24% while the A subtype(H1N1) accounted15.21%. Conclusion There are three season influenza peaks in Nachang, including spring, winter and summer in 2010-2012 and the dominant virus subtype is not the same in different years, but alternately circulation between years.Hence, influenza surveillance of Nanchang should be further strengthened.
Reproductive toxicity of nano-cadmium sulfide and normal-sized cadmium sulfide on male mice

Objective To compare the effects of normal cadmium sulfide(CdS) and nano-CdS on the male reproductive system of mice. Method A total of 36 male ICR mice were randomly divided into control group(physiological saline), nano-CdS group(50mg/kg body weight) and CdS group(50 mg/kg body weight) respectively. After 45 days, levels of cadmium accumulation in testis were detected and the rate of survival sperm, deformityand testicular histopathological changes were also observed.Results The levels of cadmium in testis of two experimental groups were higher than the control, and that in nano-CdS group was higher than CdS group significantly(P0.05). Both the two materials could induce histopathological changes of testistissues in mice,which was obvious induced by normal CdS at the same concentration. The rates of sperm deformity in two experimental groups were higher than that in the control group, and there was significant difference among the CdS group and the control group(P0.05). Sperm viability of nano-CdS groups was decreased significantly(P0.05). Conclusion The accumulation of nano-CdS and normal CdS both are found in mice testis,which is higher for nano-CdS, and two materials can induced reproductive toxicity to mice testis, which is stronger induced by normal CdS.
Reported Behaviors of Prescription-Drug Misuse and Medication Safety among Students Attending a Rhode Island University.

OBJECTIVE: College students are at high risk of illicit drug use, where nonmedical use of prescription medications ranks second behind marijuana. Assessment of college students’ behaviors regarding prescription medication storage, disposal and sharing tendencies is needed to provide foundation for medication safety education on campuses. METHOD: Students (n = 333) completed a prevalence survey assessing prescription medication use, storage and disposal activities upon obtaining prescription at the University pharmacy. RESULTS: Unsafe student practices of rarely/never storing medications in locked place (77%), improper medication disposal (81%), witnessing (28%) and admitting (27%) medication sharing was reported. Female students were more likely to store medications unlocked (p < 0.001). Students living on-campus were more likely to witness sharing of medications (p = 0.043), and students living off-campus were more likely to have shared prescription medications (p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS: Campus education is needed regarding safe medication storage, proper disposal of unused medications, and risks associated with sharing medications.
Mitral valve repair for bacterial endocarditis.

Twenty-two patients with mitral insufficiency resulting from native valve endocarditis underwent mitral valve repair. Six patients had acute endocarditis with positive blood cultures and active valve infection. Sixteen patients were cured of active infection, but mitral insufficiency developed as a result of prior infection. Mean age was 48.5 ± 21.7 years; 13 (59 %) were male. Mean New York Heart Association functional class was 2.6 ± 1.2. Multiple valve lesions were present in 11 (50%) patients. Valve abnormalities included leaflet perforation in 13 patients, chordal rupture or elongation in 14, vegetations in 5; and annular abscess in 1. In patients with acute endocarditis all macroscopically infected tissue was excised. Multiple techniques were required to achieve valve competence. Suture or patch closure of perforation was done in 14 patients, chordal shortening or transfer in 9, leaflet resection and closure in 4, leaflet resection with pericardial patching in 5, and annuloplasty in 15. Mitral valvuloplasty was combined with other procedures in 11 (50%) patients. There were two (9%) hospital deaths, both occurring in patients with healed endocarditis. There was one (9%) death in a patient undergoing an isolated procedure and one (9%) in a patient undergoing a combined procedure. Mean follow-up was 24 ± 16.8 months and was complete. Seventeen (85%) were in New York Heart Association functional class I, and three (15%) were in class II. There were no late deaths, reoperations, recurrent endocarditis, thromboembolic events, or other valve-related morbidity. We conclude that mitral valve repair for insufficiency resulting from bacterial endocarditis (1) is possible in acute and healed disease, (2) has a low operative mortality, and (3) has resulted in patients free of recurrent infection and valve-related morbidity and mortality. Mitral valve repair is an attractive alternate to valve replacement in bacterial endocarditis. (J T horac C ardiovasc S urg 1992;103:124—9)
Timing of Lower Extremity Injuries in Competition and Practice in High School Sports

Background:Laboratory-based experiments demonstrate that fatigue may contribute to lower extremity injury (LEI). Few studies have examined the timing of LEIs during competition and practice, specif...
Amitriptyline induced tardive dyskinesia in a patient with cirrhotic Parkinsonism

Abstract Cirrhotic Parkinsonism is classically seen in patients who present with recurrent hepatic encephalopathy in the presence of hyperammonemia and large porto-systemic shunts. Shunt occlusion procedures are usually performed in medically refractive cases. Here in, we present the case of such a patient, in who, after shunt occlusion procedure, initiation of Amitriptyline led to development of severe tardive dyskinesia features, diagnosed clinically. Removal of offending agent and appropriate therapy led to reversal of the syndrome.
Cenozoic Muricidae of the Western Atlantic Region Part VI- Aspella and Dermomurex

The two muricine genus-groups Aspella Morch and Dermomurex Monterosato share certain unusual shell-characters that suggest they had a common ancestor, but it has not been recognized. The two groups begin almost simultaneously in geologic time: Dermomurex is slightly older, occurring first in the early Oligocene of Mississippi then in the late Oligocene of western France, the latter together in time, although not in space, with the first Aspella in the late Oligocene of southern France. There are numerous species of both genera found in many parts of the world throughout ensuing time. In the Recent fauna Aspella occurs in both the eastern and western Pacific Ocean, in the Indian Ocean, and in the western Atlantic. There are no living eastern Atlantic or Mediterranean forms known. Dermomurex is well represented in the New World by eight species, either eastern Pacific or western Atlantic. There are but three Indo-Pacific species, plus the type of the genus found in the Mediterranean. Five of the Recent species are placed in Dermomurex s.s., two each in the subgenera Takia Kuroda, Trialatella Berry, and Gracilimurex Thiele, and one in Viator Vokes. In this paper the western Atlantic species are treated systematically, but there is only one member of Aspella as yet described, A. senex Dall, a Pliocene to Recent form often confounded with the Indo-Pacific A. anceps (Lamarck). Because of the undue amount of confusion over the Recent species of Aspella s.s., several of the Indo-Pacific species are illustrated for comparison with the western Atlantic A. senex. There are eleven western Atlantic species assigned to Dermomurex, ranging in age from early Oligocene to Recent. Of these, three each are placed in the subgenera Dermomurex s.s., Trialatella, and Viator, and one each in Gracilimurex and Takia. Of that number five are new species described herein: Dermomurex (Dermomurex) matercula, D. (Trialatella) farleyensis, and D. (? Viator) curviductus, all from the late lower Miocene Chipola Formation of northwestern Florida; D. (Takia) cookei, from the early Oligocene of Mississippi; and D. (Trialatella) antecessor, from the Pleistocene of Florida and Costa Rica
Sonic anarchy on display: Critical Constellations of the Audio-Machine in Mexico, curated by Carlos Prieto Acevedo

At the entrance to Critical Constellations of the Audio-Machine in Mexico (hereafter CCAMM), I encounter a wall. So would you, if you went. Or maybe you walked by it. Approximately three meters hig...
Retail Water Management

This chapter examines some of the challenge faced by the retail sector of the water industry. These range from rising operating costs, negative customer reaction to rising rates, aging infrastructure, increasingly stringent regulatory requirements, population growth and changes, shifts in the nation’s precipitation patterns associated with climate change, and a rapidly changing workforce. Water retail organizations carry water to residential, industrial, commercial, and agricultural customers’ property boundaries or to other storage locations, including groundwater storage. In addition to installing, repairing, and replacing water mains and laterals to customers’ systems, retail utilities’ services to customers include all customer-contact activities: billing, account handling, customer queries, as well as water-efficiency advice and tackling leaks in mains and distribution pipes.
Ecological niche modeling to determine potential niche of Vaccinia virus: a case only study

Emerging and understudied pathogens often lack information that most commonly used analytical tools require, such as negative controls or baseline data; thus, new analytical strategies are needed to analyze transmission patterns and drivers of disease emergence. Zoonotic infections with Vaccinia virus (VACV) were first reported in Brazil in 1999, VACV is an emerging zoonotic Orthopoxvirus, which primarily infects dairy cattle and farmers in close contact with infected cows. Prospective studies of emerging pathogens could provide critical data that would inform public health planning and response to outbreaks. By using the location of 87-recorded outbreaks and publicly available bioclimatic data, we demonstrate one such approach. Using an ecological niche model (ENM) algorithm, we identify the environmental conditions under which VACV outbreaks have occurred, and determine additional locations in two affected countries that may be susceptible to transmission. Further, we show how suitability for the virus responds to different levels of various environmental factors and highlight the most important factors in determining its transmission. A literature review was performed and the geospatial coordinates of 87 molecularly confirmed VACV outbreaks in Brazil were identified. An ENM was generated using MaxENT software by combining principal component analysis results of 19 bioclim spatial layers, and 25 randomly selected subsets of the original list of 87 outbreaks. The final ENM predicted all areas where Brazilian outbreaks occurred, one out of five of the Colombian outbreak regions and identified new regions within Brazil that are suitable for transmission based on bioclimatic factors. Further, the most important factors in determining transmission suitability are precipitation of the wettest quarter, annual precipitation, mean temperature of the coldest quarter and mean diurnal range. The analyses here provide a means by which to study patterns of an emerging infectious disease and identify regions that are potentially suitable for its transmission, in spite of the paucity of high-quality critical data. Policy and methods for the control of infectious diseases often use a reactionary model, addressing diseases only after significant impact on human health has ensued. The methodology used in the present work allows the identification of areas where disease is likely to appear, which could be used for directed intervention.
The Effect of PrEP on HIV Incidence Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in the Context of Condom Use, Treatment as Prevention, and Seroadaptive Practices

Background:HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective tool in preventing HIV infection among high-risk men who have sex with men (MSM). It is unknown how effective PrEP is in the context of other implemented HIV prevention strategies, including condom use, seroadaption, and treatment as prev
Rural school math and science teachers’ technology integration familiarization

This study explored the significance of technology integration familiarization and the subsequent PD provided to rural middle school teachers with several opportunities to gain technological skills for technology use in rural middle school math and science classrooms. In order to explore the use of technology in rural schools, this study surveyed 63 rural middle school math and science teachers on technology use and PD offered for classroom integration. This study provided perceptions on the effect of personal and previous technology training for rural school teachers towards technology. The results show that there was need for PD to familiarize rural teachers with newer and essential instructional technologies and to gain technological skills experience in instructional technology integration. The results also show that teachers want to use technology to educate their students, but the lack of technology in the classrooms and the teachers’ lack of familiarity and knowledge on some present technologies affects the usage which creates unforeseen future challenges in classrooms.
«Fabricado de dinero»: el deshonroso mercader en «La industria y la suerte» de Ruiz de Alarcón

In the 16th century, Europe witnesses the triumph of the pre-capitalist economy, personified by the merchant. This new situation brought the rejection of the humanists, who wrote about the society’s decadence of values and the destruction of social status. Ruiz de Alarcon wrote La industria y la suerte , a play in which he describes the confrontation between the Sevillian traders and the nobility. Arnesto, the merchant, represents the corruption brought on by money, and, because of that, Don Juan defeats him in his attempt to gain Blanca’s love by the play’s end.
Surrogate Difference Evaluations with Limited Peer to Peer Communications

In this work, we introduce Surrogate Difference Evaluations (SD) --- an agent-specific credit assignment structure in the vein of Difference Evaluations which only uses local information, and peer-to-peer communicated information. SD loses less than 6% performance with 99.96% less communication volume than Difference Evaluations in a simulated underwater exploration domain with limited communication.
Cyclic AMP in plasmacytoma cells

In Balb/c plasmacytoma cells (MOPC 315) the synthesis and secretion of IgA in vitro was suppressed by prior incubation of the tumor cells with anti-Balb/c alloantibody. In tumor cells so treated, the levels of cyclic AMP were found to be increased. The alloantibody, either as alloantiserum or ascitic fluid globulins from allogeneic strains of mice immunized with spleen cells, had been differentially absorbed with Balb/c spleen cells. Such absorption reduces the cytotoxic antibody effect to below detectable levels, as measured by Trypan Blue exclusion, but permits retention of substantial levels of the suppressive antibody effect. The range of dilutions of alloantibody causing the increase in cAMP corresponded with those that caused suppression of IgA secretion. When tumor cells were exposed to agents that increased the level of cAMP either endogenously or exogenously, suppression of secretion of IgA was found, similar to that caused by the alloantibody. When submaximal concentrations of suppressive antibody were combined with submaximal levels of the cAMP-increasing agents greater degrees of suppression were found, suggesting an additive effect. No cytotoxic effect on these tumor cells, as indicated by Trypan Blue exclusion, was caused by these cAMP-increasing agents at the concentrations shown, either alone or in combination with the suppressive antibody.
Raising The Epistemological Bar: How Legal Educators Can Prepare Law Students For A Lifetime Of Success By Using Four Characteristics Of Successful Second-Language Acquisition Pedagogy

Law students may come to law school with no training in how to learn. While many new legal educators have strong academic and professional experience, they may have little, if any, training in how to teach before teaching their first law school class. Because learning the law shares epistemological similarities to acquiring a second language, legal educators should apply four characteristics of successful second-language acquisition pedagogy to help law students evaluate and improve their learning skills. This article explains these characteristics, based on language acquisition theories, and how each characteristic applies to legal education, providing specific examples of strategies and techniques legal educators can use to help law students succeed. These characteristics will help make law students metacognitive about their legal education, thereby making them more likely to succeed on law school exams, on bar exams, and as practicing attorneys.
Nanometer-Scale Qualitative Analysis of Surfaces With a Modified Scanning Tunneling Microscope/ Field Emission Source

We have designed and constructed modifications to the scanning tunneling microscope that allow the bias voltage to be used as an excitation source for arc atomic emission spectroscopy. The purpose of this addition to the instrument is to allow unambiguous elemental analysis of species present on the surface. The light emitted from the arc across the tunneling gap is collected by appropriate means (such as optical fibers positioned in close proximity to the tip) and directed into a high resolution spectrometer for spectral analysis by a multichannel detector (such as a charge-coupled device (CCD) or photodiode array). Present progress includes completion of the hardware and software modifications to the instrument, verification of emission and verification that the light is substantively collected into optical fibers using a scheme described in this paper.
Efficiency in Financial Intermediation: Theory and Empirical Measurement

There is a large variation in financial intermediary development across countries: Private Credit to GDP was 173 per cent in the United States in 2003, but only 2 per cent in Mozambique.1 This variation is critical to countries’ socio-economic performance: countries with higher levels of credit to the private sector as a share of GDP experience higher GDP per capita growth and faster rates of reduction in the headcount, that is, the share of population living on less than a dollar a day (Beck, Levine and Loayza, 2000; Beck, Demirguc-Kunt and Levine, 2007). However, economists and policy-makers are not just interested in the amount of society’s savings that is channelled by intermediaries to the most deserving borrowers, but also in the efficiency with which this happens. The interest spread — the difference between lending rate and deposit rate — has been one of the most prominent measures of efficiency. While interest rate spreads vary typically between 2 and 4 per cent in developed financial systems, they often reach 10 per cent and more in developing countries and are over 30 per cent in Brazil (Laeven and Majnoni, 2005).
Path Analysis and Structural Equation Models

The first part of this chapter introduces simple path analysis structures, not involving any latent variables. Regression-based approaches such as multivariate regression, mediator models, moderator models, and extensions in terms of combined moderator-mediator path models are presented. The second part of this chapter is dedicated to path models with latent variables: structural equation models. This part builds heavily on elaborations on confirmatory factor analysis from the previous chapter. A special focus is on multigroup structural equation models which allow researchers to test hypotheses on group-specific parameters. Within this context non-nested model comparison is illustrated as well. Finally, latent growth models are introduced, an approach for studying changes over time.
Adaptive Cancellation of Digital Power Amplifier Receive Band Noise for FDD Transceivers

In frequency division duplex systems, spurious emission from transmitter (TX) can fall into receive band and lead to significant receiver desensitization. In this paper, a DSP-based solution that relies on a linear auxiliary receiver to cancel receive band noise (RxBN) from the received signal is demonstrated. This technique allows reduction of duplexer rejection requirements in the receiver band, and associated reduction of insertion loss in the TX band, thus resulting in high-power amplifier (PA) efficiency and small duplexer footprint. The PA architectures that inherently have high RxBN (such as envelope tracking and the digitally modulated PAs) can substantially benefit from this technique. Experimental results based on off-the-shelf system implementation are demonstrated using a digital PA, and more than 22 dB cancellation is achieved to reduce RxBN below thermal noise floor at 836 MHz with 45 MHz duplex spacing.
On the overhead of using zero-knowledge proofs for electric vehicle authentication: poster

As Electric Vehicles (EVs) are becoming widely available, their secure management is crucial to fully enable their potential. For instance, for convenient charging, they may require quick authentication with the charging stations while they are on the go. As charging is frequently needed, exposing one's charging frequency to the stations may risk the exposure of privacy for the EV driver. Therefore, a mechanism is needed to hide EV information. In this paper, we propose using zero-knowledge proofs to achieve this goal. While zero-knowledge proofs can provide anonymous authentication, they require computation for generation of witnesses. Therefore, we assess the overhead of generating a witness and proof computation at the resource constrained on-board units (OBUs) which are deployed on EVs that utilize wireless communications for scheduling. The results indicate that computation overhead is minimal and can be delployed on resource contrained devices.
Gun violence in the United States in 2017 and the role of mental illness

The year 2017 had the deadliest incidents of gun violence ever in U.S. history; defined in our study as incidents with 4 or more persons killed or injured: 384 shootings with 466 people killed and ...
The Effect of Marijuana Legalization on the Trajectories of Hard Drug-Related Hospitalizations: A Growth Curve Analysis of the County-Level State Inpatient Database in Washington, 2009-2015

Two antithetical arguments have raised controversies over the effect of recreational marijuana legalization on hard drug use. The gateway perspective posits that marijuana use diffuses hard drug us...
Correction to: Facial swelling for the emergency radiologist-typical and atypical causes.

The above article was published online with inverted figures legends for Fig. 1–6. The correct presentation is shown below. The original article has been corrected.
Non-selective Beta-Blockers in Decompensated Cirrhosis

The safety of non-selective beta-blockers (NSBB) in decompensated cirrhosis, particularly in patients with refractory ascites, has recently been called int question. This review summarizes recent evidence on the role of NSBBs in decompensated cirrhosis and provides recommendations for their appropriate use. Current evidence on the use of NSBBs in decompensated cirrhosis is mixed and is based on observational data. An initial study in 2010 demonstrated decreased survival in patients with refractory ascites who received propranolol compared to those who did not. Since then, multiple subsequent studies have not demonstrated a harmful effect of NSBBs in this setting. The safety of NSBB use is mediated by its dose, the type of NSBB, and the presence of underlying hemodynamic derangements related to end-stage cirrhosis. Refractory ascites per se is not a contraindication to NSBB use. NSBBs can be safely used in decompensated cirrhosis, though the decision to do so requires careful decision making on the risk and benefit profile of NSBBs for each individual patient.
High-Frequency Metal-Oxide Varistor Modeling Response to Early-time Electromagnetic Pulses

The electric power grid is one of the most critical infrastructures in the modern world, and the continued protection and resilience of this system from threats is of significant concern. One such set of threats is nanosecond-scale transient effects generated by high-altitude electromagnetic pulses, for which the effect on the power grid is still being studied. Lightning surge arresters serve as the current grid protection against fast transients but are designed and modeled for protection against lightning and switching transients. Surge arrester response to faster transients is not well known. This work defines a scalable metal-oxide surge arrester model with specific consideration to frequencies attributed to fast transient overvoltages from electromagnetic pulses. Measurements using vector network analyzer sweeps at low and high bias as well as high-voltage I-V curve traces are presented to define arrester behavior and to parameterize it from measurement data. The proposed model is compared to the standard IEEE model for lightning arresters in this paper. Furthermore, model parameters are defined by scalable terms to be easily implemented for transmission-level devices. The scalable model enables enhanced assessment of protection levels and grid susceptibility against fast transients.
Increasing Praise Delivery Within Dorms of a Juvenile Justice Facility.

Researchers have shown that adolescents in residential treatment facilities benefit from behavior-analytic intervention. However, it remains unclear whether practitioners can apply behavioral inter...
Piezoelectric adventures: from energy harvesting and bioinspired robotics to programmable metamaterials and wireless data/power transfer

This talk will cover select examples and highlights from our recent and ongoing efforts on the dynamics of piezoelectric structures and systems, ranging from nonlinear energy harvesting and bio-inspired aquatic locomotion to elastic wave guiding and vibration attenuation via programmable metamaterials, and most recently wireless power and data transfer, as well as biomechanical applications. First, we will discuss the use of piezoelectric materials in conjunction with various nonlinear structures for frequency bandwidth enhancement in vibration energy harvesting. Inherent piezoelectric nonlinearities and their interaction with designed geometric nonlinearities will also be briefly addressed. Examples will be given on piezoelectric-based aeroelastic and hydroelastic energy harvesting in fluid-structure interaction problems. Elastic and acoustic wave energy harvesting by leveraging phononic crystal concepts will be discussed next with examples. Fiber-based flexible piezoelectric structures and their use in bio-inspired actuation and underwater locomotion will be summarized with brief examples. Our recent efforts on the use of an elastic waveguide with piezoelectric elements and an array of synthetic impedance circuits to enable digitally programmable piezoelectric metamaterials will be presented, with implications spanning from vibration attenuation to reciprocity breaking. An overview of our studies on wireless acoustic power transfer and ultrasonic data transmission using piezoelectric transducers will be followed by our ongoing collaborative efforts to enhance the accessible region of human brain by guiding leaky waves from the skull excited by piezoelectric transducers.
Monetary Famine, Paper Money, and International Constraints on Economic Growth: The Case of Colonial Quebec

New France, like most European colonies in the New World, suffered from a persistent shortage of metal coins. As Quebec could only legally import from France, their standards of living were constrained by their ability to export a few primary products (mostly fur, cod, timber and wheat). Mercantilist restrictions and underdeveloped financial markets limited the ability to use the capital account to import coins and tightened the balance of payments constraint. The introduction of playing card money in New France in 1685, the first use of paper money in the West, provided a means of relaxing this constraint. It produced a substitute domestic money which allowed scarce metal coins to be used to purchase imports. The balance-of-payments constrained growth models that grew out of Thirlwall’s Law is applied to this experience, with discussions of the export constraints of Quebec’s reliance on a few primary exports (with furs being the most dominant one) with inelastic demand and facing the vagaries of changing tastes in Europe.