cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A phase transition in human brain and behavior

Abstract Using a circular 37-SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) sensor array, we observe spontaneous transitions in neuromagnetic field patterns in the human brain which occur at a critical value of a systematically varied behavioral parameter. Coherent states of both brain and behavior are captured by the spatiotemporal pattern of phase relations among participating components. Such observations support the thesis that the brain is a pattern forming system that can switch flexibly from one coherent state to another.
Miss rate analysis of cache oblivious matrix multiplication using sequential access recursive algorithm and normal multiplication algorithm

Cache oblivious algorithms are designed to get the good benefit from any of the underlying hierarchy of caches without the need to know about the exact structure of the cache. These algorithms are cache oblivious i.e., no variables are dependent on hardware parameters such as cache size and cache line length. Optimal utilization of cache memory has to be done in order to get the full performance potential of the hardware. We present here the miss rate comparison of cache oblivious matrix multiplication using the sequential access recursive technique and normal multiplication program. Varying the cache size the respective miss rates in the L1 cache are taken and then comparison is done. It is found that the miss rates in the L1 cache for the cache oblivious matrix multiplication program using the sequential access recursive technique is comparatively lesser than the naive matrix multiplication program.
Effect of serum-parathion interactions on cutaneous penetration of parathion in vitro.

Abstract The effect of serum and serum fractions on the cutaneous penetration of [35S]parathion from surface deposits or adsorbed formulations was determine
Time-domain holographic image storage

We describe a practical approach to image storage in a coherent time-domain optical memory that can be readily implemented with existing technologies. In this approach, two-dimensional images are stored spectroholographically in narrow ( less, similar 1-MHz) frequency channels of a time-domain storage material by use of a low-power laser, with one image per channel. Advantages of this approach include fast single-frame recording time, variable playback speeds, and random frame access. Experimental results demonstrating the use of this approach for high-speed, long-term image storage in Eu(3+):Y(2)SiO(5) are presented.
Ischemic colitis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus

A case of colonic ischemia, infarction, and perforation secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is described in a 37-year-old woman. The incidence and significance of gastrointestinal complications in SLE are discussed.
Cocaine promotes an apparent direct vasoconstrictor effect of neuropeptide Y in the rat tail artery

Abstract Neuropeptide Y is a powerful vasoconstrictor in vivo; however, in vitro it shows weak constrictor effects. This discrepancy may have led to conflicting reports concerning the contractile effects of neuropeptide Y on isolated blood vessels. Using isolated rat tail and femoral artery segments neuropeptide Y (0.1–100 nM) did not induce any contractile response. However, if the catecholamine neuronal uptake blocker cocaine was added to the tissue bath, neuropeptide Y induced a contraction which could be fully blocked by prazosin (1000 nM). Furthermore, an age-dependent increase in the contraction to neuropeptide Y plus cocaine was observed. In conclusion, in the rat tail artery an apparent direct vasoconstrictor effect of neuropeptide Y occurs only in the presence of cocaine. Since this contraction can be fully blocked by prazosin, spontaneously released norepinephrine is an important component of the contraction. The discrepancy between in vivo and in vitro effects of neuropeptide Y may be explained in part by the presence of circulating vasoconstrictors.
Periodontal disease and risk of myocardial infarction: the role of gender and smoking

Background: Studies examining the association between periodontal disease and coronary heart disease have shown a consistent but weak to moderate relationship. Limited data have been reported in women and the role of smoking has not been fully clarified. Methods/Results: A population-based case–control study examining the association between periodontal disease (PD) and acute non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) was conducted in Erie and Niagara counties in Western New York State. Cases (574) were discharged alive from local hospitals with MI diagnosis. Controls (887) were county residents randomly selected from the NY State Department of Motor Vehicles rolls and Health Care Financing Administration files. Periodontal disease was assessed using clinical attachment loss (CAL). Among men (415 cases), the odds ratio (OR) of the association between mean CAL (mm) and MI, adjusting for the effects of age, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, hypertension, cholesterol, diabetes, and total pack-years of cigarette smoking was 1.34 (1.15–1.57). In women (120 cases), the corresponding OR was 2.08 (1.47–2.94). The estimate of this association among non-smokers, also adjusting for age, gender, BMI, physical activity, hypertension, cholesterol, diabetes, and total pack-years of cigarette smoking, was 1.40 (1.06–1.86), while it was 1.49 (1.26–1.77) among smokers. Conclusions: This study provides evidence of an association between PD and incident MI in both genders. This association appears to be independent from the possible confounding effect of smoking.
Polarized photoluminescence from bound magnetic polarons in (Cd, Mn) Se

Abstract Luminescence from Cd 1- x Mn x Se , with x∼10 -1 , shows strong circular polarization in the presence of a weak magnetic field. The polarization saturates at fields much smaller than does the magnetization. The carrier-Mn 2+ exchange interaction is responsible for the field and temperature dependence of the polarization. At high temperatures, the polarization is similar to that inferred from band splittings; at lower temperatures, it is modified by bound magnetic polaron effects and a spin diffusion bottleneck.
Rickettsia sibirica infection in members of scientific expeditions to northern Asia.

Summary The risk of acquiring North Asian tick typhus (infection by Rickettsia sibirica ) during travel to regions of Asia where this disease is endemic is unknown. We investigated prospectively 13 paleontologists on expedition to Mongolia. Four paleontologists had acute illness characterised by fever, rash, headache, and lymphadenopathy. All had IgM and IgG antibodies to R sibirica. Paleontologists with no illness and people who went on expeditions in other parts of the world did not have antibodies to R sibirica . Only two of the four infected persons were aware of tick bites. Travellers to regions endemic for R sibirica are at risk of contracting North Asian tick typhus even in the absence of recognised tick-bites.
Ephedrine: a postsynaptic depressant drug at the mammalian neuromuscular junction.

Abstract The actions of ephedrine were studied using intracellular recording techniques in guinea pig intercostal muscle fiber. After application of ephedrine (10 −5 −10 −4 M), miniature end-plate potential (MEPP) amplitude was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. A greater depression in amplitude of end-plate potentials (EPP) was observed in preparations immobilized with d -tuboeurarine. In addition, ephedrine depressed the transient depolarization produced by iontophoretically applied acetylcholine (ACh). In normal Krebs solution and high Mg 2+ solution, 10 −4 M ephedrine increased MEPP frequency but did not alter the quantal content of EPPs in high Mg 2+ blocked muscle. In these preparations, EPP amplitude did not change significantly. These results suggested that in the absence of a postsynaptic receptor blocking agent, a slight presynaptic action of ephedrine may offset the decreased responsiveness of the postsynaptic membrane. In addition, no significant alterations of resting membrane potential or the electrical characteristics of the membrane were recorded. Pretreatment of a mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation with ephedrine did not protect against the irreversible blockade by α-bungarotoxin. These results suggested that ephedrine may depress ACh potentials, MEPPs, and EPPs in dTc-blocked muscle by acting postsynaptically at a site on or associated with the ACh receptor other than the ACh recognition site.
The early stages of MgO epitaxy on lattice-matched Cr0.7Mo0.3(001)

We have investigated the structure and morphology of thin epitaxial overlayers of MgO on lattice-matched interlayers of Cr0.7Mo0.3 grown on MgO(001) substrates. Lattice matching results in unstrained MgO epitaxial films with short- and long-range structural order of comparable quality to those of buffer layers of MgO grown on MgO(001) under optimized step-flow growth conditions. In addition, the structural coherence of the oxide/metal interface is excellent due to lattice matching, in contrast to lattice-mismatched systems. However, MgO does not grow in a perfectly laminar fashion on Cr0.7Mo0.3 due to surface and interface free-energy imbalances; thin MgO films exhibit mean roughnesses of ∼ 4 A with terrace widths of several hundred A. Nevertheless, the use of lattice-matched conducting interlayers between a bulk oxide substrate and an epitaxial thin film of the same material allows high-quality insulting oxides to be prepared on conducting substrates. This approach in turn permits the full arsenal of charged-particle spectroscopic, diffraction and imaging probes to be applied to investigations of the surface science of insulators.
Controlling cabbage fermentations with nisin and nisin-resistant Leuconostoc mesenteroides

A paired starter culture system for sauerkraut fermentation was proposed previously by our laboratory, consisting of a nisin-producing strain of Lactococcus lactis and a nisin-resistant strain of Leuconostoc mesenteroides . The objectives of this study were to determine nisin production and stability by a genetically marked culture of L. lactis NCK400 in brined cabbage fermentations and to study the effect of purified nisin on the natural microflora in brined cabbage. We found that NCK400 produced up to 700 IU ml −1 of nisin in brined cabbage within 24 h, but by 72 h nisin activity was no longer detectable. The nisin produced was shown to have an effect on the microflora of the fermentation, however, resulting in a 40% reduction in the population of homofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) at 33 days. We also found that the addition of purified nisin to brined cabbage (up to 12 000 IU ml −1 ) resulted in a reduction in the cell counts of LAB, as compared to a non-treated cabbage brine, to the extent that fermentation by Gram-negative bacteria occurred. The addition of a nisin-resistant L. mesenteroides strain to the nisin-treated cabbage resulted in a heterolactic fermentation by the added culture, with no evidence of a homolactic fermentation for at least 20 days. We concluded that nisin produced in situ or added to brined cabbage can direct the progression of the species in the resultant fermentations, by preventing the growth of naturally present LAB.
CyP40, but not Hsp70, in rabbit reticulocyte lysate causes the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-DNA complex formation.

Abstract Upon ligand binding, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) translocates into the nucleus and dimerizes with its partner aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (Arnt). The AhR–Arnt heterodimer binds to the dioxin response element (DRE) to regulate target gene expression. Using baculovirus expressed human AhR and Arnt, we showed that the formation of the ligand-dependent AhR–Arnt–DRE complex requires protein factors in vitro. Recently, we provided evidence that p23, an Hsp90-associated protein, is involved in the complex formation. The aim of this study was to determine whether two other Hsp90-associated proteins present in rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL), namely CyP40 and Hsp70, play any role in forming the AhR–Arnt–DRE complex. Fractionation and immunodepletion experiments revealed that Hsp70 is not necessary for the formation of this complex. In contrast, CyP40 is involved in forming the complex since (1) immunodepletion of CyP40 from a RRL fraction reduces the intensity of the AhR–Arnt–DRE complex by 48% and (2) recombinant human CyP40 alone causes the formation of this complex. In addition, CyP40-interacting proteins appear to be essential for the full CyP40 effect on the AhR gel shift complex.
AIDS and adenopathy: A computed tomographic pattern approach to diagnosis of acute abdominal complications in AIDS

Gastrointestinal disorders are common causes of acute disease in AIDS patients, second only to pulmonary pathology. Abdominal disorders are often evaluated by computed tomography (CT). The abnormalities encountered on CT are produced by a variety of opportunistic infections and neoplasms and can be confusing. This article describes a pattern approach to the interpretation of abdominal CT in patients with AIDS that relates pathophysiology to CT findings by emphasizing the appearance of lymph nodes. Nodes are analyzed for size, radiographic density, and location. A specific diagnosis or a short list of diagnostic possibilities is often suggested by the nodal appearance supplemented by extranodal findings.
ESTIMATES OF WATER USES IN THE MUSKINGUM WATERSHED CONSERVANCY DISTRICT FOR 19751

(1960). ESTIMATES OF WATER USES IN THE MUSKINGUM WATERSHED CONSERVANCY DISTRICT FOR 1975. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 22-41.
The pineal gland in sudden infant death syndrome: preliminary observations.

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) affects infants between 1 month and 1 yr of age, has no known cause, and is diagnosed by exclusion of all other causes of death. The primary mechanism of death in SIDS is considered to be irreversible respiratory cessation during sleep. In a small sampling at necropsy we have observed a statistically significant (P less than .005; determined morphometrically) reduction in the anatomic size of the pineal gland in SIDS infants, as compared to age-matched controls. Whether correspondingly altered pineal glandular function is present in SIDS is as yet unanswered.
Hand dominance effect on median and ulnar sensory evoked amplitude and latency in asymptomatic workers

Abstract Objective: To examine the relative effect of hand dominance on the median and ulnar sensory evoked responses and grip strength in active workers. Design: A cross-sectional or survey design. Setting: Workers from 4 different sites underwent on-site testing of the median and ulnar sensory nerves in both hands (antidromic stimulation, 14cm), and testing of bilateral grip strength. Patients: 224 workers, asymptomatic of hand, wrist, or finger pain, numbness, or tingling; 87% were right handed. Main Outcome Measures: Amplitude and latency of the median and ulnar sensory response and the grip strength of each hand. Results: The amplitude of the median sensory response in the dominant hand was significantly lower in right handed individuals (34.6μV versus 38.8μV) but not in left handed workers (34.2μV versus 34.3μV). A similar relationship held for the ulnar evoked responses and the grip strength. Median and ulnar sensory latencies in right hand individuals did not differ side to side, whereas left handed workers had a slightly shorter latency on the left. Conclusions: The left hand of a right handed worker may not be exposed to as much trauma, resulting in relative protection of the nerves in the hand and a higher amplitude of the left median and ulnar evoked response. Left handed individuals may be more likely to use both hands equally and thus expose the nerves in each hand to an equal amount of trauma, resulting in their sensory amplitudes being equivalent (and also equal to the dominant hand of a right handed individual).
The Response of Tissue Engineered Cartilage to the Temporal Application of Transforming and Insulin-Like Growth Factors

Agarose has been used as an experimental scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering research due to its biocompatibility with chondrocytes, support of cartilage tissue development, and ability to transmit mechanical stimuli [1–3]. Tissue engineering studies have demonstrated that the temporal application of transforming growth factor (TGF) β3 for only 2 weeks elicits rapid tissue development that results in mechanical properties approaching native values [4]. However, it is not known whether this response to a 2-week exposure to growth factors is unique to TGF-β3. Therefore, the present study characterizes the response of tissue engineered cartilage to the temporal application of the anabolic growth factors TGF-β1, TGF-β3, and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I).Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Atomistic simulation of CO 2 solubility in poly(ethylene oxide) oligomers

We have performed atomistic molecular dynamics simulations coupled with thermodynamic integration to obtain the excess chemical potential and pressure-composition phase diagrams for CO2 in poly(ethylene oxide) oligomers. Poly(ethylene oxide) dimethyl ether, CH3O(CH2CH2O)nCH3 (PEO for short) is a widely applied physical solvent that forms the major organic constituent of a class of novel nanoparticle-based absorbents. Good predictions were obtained for pressure–composition–density relations for CO2 + PEO oligomers (2 ≤ n ≤ 12), using the Potoff force field for PEO [J. Chem. Phys. 136, 044514 (2012)] together with the TraPPE model for CO2 [AIChE J. 47, 1676 (2001)]. Water effects on Henry’s constant of CO2 in PEO have also been investigated. Addition of modest amounts of water in PEO produces a relatively small increase in Henry’s constant. Dependence of the calculated Henry’s constant on the weight percentage of water falls on a temperature-dependent master curve, irrespective of PEO chain length.
Ovarian maturation in Leucophaea maderae: juvenile hormone regulation of thymidine uptake into follicle cell DNA.

Abstract Our research demonstrates that juvenile hormone (JH I) stimulates thymidine incorporation into ovarian follicle cell DNA in the ovoviviparous cockroach, Leucophaea maderae. A rapid, quantitative method for monitoring 3H-thymidine incorporation into ovarian DNA, in vitro, is described. Cultured ovarian tissue from L. maderae incorporates 3H-thymidine into DNA at a linear rate between 16 and 120 min; analysis of the incorporated label revealed at least 98% of it to be in DNA. Using L. maderae females that had been mated 7 days after adult emergence, we monitored the following biochemical phenomena during the 18–22 day period of terminal oocyte growth: (1) 3H-thymidine incorporation into ovarian DNA: (2) general protein synthesis in fat body; and (3) specific fat body vitellogenin synthesis. Decapitation of mated females with maturing oocytes arrested both ovarian DNA synthesis and fat body vitellogenin synthesis. Substantial restoration of both types of synthesis was induced by injection of JH I. The resumption of thymidine incorporation into DNA was localized in the follicular epithelium of the terminal oocyte. In decapitated virgin females, injection of JH I stimulated oocyte growth and 3H-thymidine incorporation into ovarian DNA. Dose and time response curves indicate that peak stimulation of ovarian DNA synthesis occurred between 72 and 96 hr after administration of a single optimal dose of 25 μg JH I. The concurrent manifestation of 3H-thymidine uptake into ovarian DNA and activity within the fat body indicates that a similar hormonal mode of action may be operative with respect to both tissue types in virgin females.
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia in Owl Monkeys Inoculated with Herpesvirus saimiri

Our study demonstrates for the first time that Herpesvirus saimiri can induce acute lymphocytic leukemia in owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) and that malignant lymphoma can be induced in this species of nonhuman primates by the inoculation of the virus by various routes (intravenous, sub-cutaneous, and intradermal).
Heightened sexual arousal and physical aggression: An extension to females

Abstract In order to examine the effects of heightened sexual arousal upon aggression by females, subjects were first angered or not angered by a female confederate, next exposed to one of four types of stimuli (nonerotic scenes; pictures of seminude young males; pictures of nude males; pictures of couples engaged in various acts of lovemaking), and finally provided with an opportunity to aggress against the confederate by means of electric shock. In accordance with previous research conduced with males, it was hypothesized that exposure to mild erotic stimuli would inhibit subsequent aggression, while exposure to more arousing stimuli of this type would facilitate such behavior. Results offered support for both predictions. In addition, it was found that females responded with increased aggression to types of erotic stimuli previously found to inhibit such behavior by males.
Alveolar epithelial cell mesenchymal transition develops in vivo during pulmonary fibrosis and is regulated by the extracellular matrix

Mechanisms leading to fibroblast accumulation during pulmonary fibrogenesis remain unclear. Although there is in vitro evidence of lung alveolar epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whether EMT occurs within the lung is currently unknown. Biopsies from fibrotic human lungs demonstrate epithelial cells with mesenchymal features, suggesting EMT. To more definitively test the capacity of alveolar epithelial cells for EMT, mice expressing β-galactosidase (β-gal) exclusively in lung epithelial cells were generated, and their fates were followed in an established model of pulmonary fibrosis, overexpression of active TGF-β1. β-gal-positive cells expressing mesenchymal markers accumulated within 3 weeks of in vivo TGF-β1 expression. The increase in vimentin-positive cells within injured lungs was nearly all β-gal-positive, indicating epithelial cells as the main source of mesenchymal expansion in this model. Ex vivo, primary alveolar epithelial cells cultured on provisional matrix components, fibronectin or fibrin, undergo robust EMT via integrin-dependent activation of endogenous latent TGF-β1. In contrast, primary cells cultured on laminin/collagen mixtures do not activate the TGF-β1 pathway and, if exposed to active TGF-β1, undergo apoptosis rather than EMT. These data reveal alveolar epithelial cells as progenitors for fibroblasts in vivo and implicate the provisional extracellular matrix as a key regulator of epithelial transdifferentiation during fibrogenesis.
245 MATERNAL ADMINISTRATION OF OXYGEN (MO 2 ) REVERSES CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF SPONTANEOUS FETAL HYPOXEMIA

245 MATERNAL ADMINISTRATION OF OXYGEN (MO 2 ) REVERSES CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF SPONTANEOUS FETAL HYPOXEMIA
Cloning and chromosomal mapping of the mouse Mgat3 gene encoding N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III

Abstract Complex and hybrid N-linked carbohydrates synthesized by mammalian cells may possess a N-acetylglucosamine residue known as the bisecting GlcNAc. The transfer of this residue is catalyzed by the enzyme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:β- d -mannoside β1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GlcNAc-TIII; EC 2.4.1.144). To begin to investigate biological functions for carbohydrates with a bisected GlcNAc residue, we have cloned and partially characterized the mouse gene (Mgat3) encoding GlcNAc-TIII. A rat GlcNAc-TIII-encoding cDNA was used to isolate clones from a mouse strain 129 Sv liver genomic DNA library. An N siI genomic DNA fragment containing an ORF with 96% identity to rat GlcNAc-TIII was subcloned into a mammalian expression vector and transfected into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The transfectants expressed GlcNAc-TIII activity only when the ORF was in the sense orientation. Southern analysis showed that Mgat3 is present in a single copy in the mouse genome. Mapping by restriction-fragment length polymorphism analysis of backcross progeny located Mgat3 to mouse chromosome 15, at a position homologous with region 22q12.3-q13.1 in the human genome. Northern analyses of adult tissues showed that Mgat3 is expressed at high levels in kidney and brain, and at lower levels in many other tissues.
Health Care Reform: Preparing the Psychology Workforce

This article is based on the opening presentation by the author to the Association of Psychologists in Academic Health Centers' 5th National Conference, "Preparing Psychologists for a Rapidly Changing Healthcare Environment" held in March, 2011. Reviewing the patient protection and affordable care act (ACA), that presentation was designed to set the stage for several days of symposia and discussions anticipating upcoming changes to the healthcare system. This article reviews the ACA; general trends that have impacted healthcare reform; the implications of the Act for psychology's workforce including the growing focus on interprofessional education, training, and practice, challenges to address in order to prepare for psychology's future; and recommendations for advocating for psychology's future as a healthcare profession.
Mineralogical and paramorphic textural changes generated in modern ooids by heat and compaction

Laboratory duplication of textures previously known only from naturally occurring ooids was accomplished for the first time on heated and experimentally compacted ooids (250 °C, 364 kg/cm 2 ). Crystals of neomorphic calcite developed, replacing aragonitic ooids. In places the original fabric survived. Preservation of concentric laminae in ooids during this process indicates absence of an intervening stage of void formation. This polymorphic transformation is a wet process and temperature dependent.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Substituted 2,3-Diketopiperazines from Reduced Polyamides

Abstract An efficient method for the solid phase synthesis of 1,6-disubstituted 2,3-diketopiperazine and 1,4,5-trisubstituted 2,3-diketopiperazine derivatives is described. The reduction of resin-bound acylated amino acids or resin-bound acylated dipeptides, followed by treatment with oxalyldiimidazole, affords the corresponding diketopiperazines in good yield and high purity. This is an example of a broader approach to the solid phase synthesis of individual heterocyclic compounds using peptides directly or indirectly as starting materials.
A surface-potential based compact model for GaN HEMTs incorporating polarization charges

High electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) based on III-nitride semiconductor heterostructures are being actively pursued for high-voltage and high-speed microwave applications [1]. As discrete GaN transistors move towards integration in circuits, a compact model for device operation is highly desirable to aid systematic design. GaN HEMTs differ from Silicon and other III-V FETs through the presence of high density polarization-induced sheet charges at heterostructure interfaces. Till date, no clear method exists to incorporate such polarization charges into compact modeling of HEMTs. We introduce a method for incorporating polarization sheet charges into compact modeling in transistors. The Poisson equation is solved directly with a Dirac-delta function sheet charge at the heterojunction to obtain an analytical equation for the surface potential. This surface potential is then used to calculate the HEMT characteristics. Thus, the results of this work for the first time make an explicit connection between the material properties of the HEMT heterostructure with a surface potential based compact model through the polarization sheet charge. Furthermore, we have extended the intrinsic model by including field-dependent mobility and velocity saturation. The developed model should prove helpful in designing of devices and circuits.
Distance learning and education as place

Abstract In this article we examine the role of the educational environment as a place with unique characteristics. By examining distance education, or distance learning, we can make assumptions about the effectiveness of correspondence education and the contemporary desire to privatize the educational experience, thereby changing the nature of schools as public places. The physical dimension of the concept of distance and the social-psychological dimension of distance is important for evaluating the individual's educational experience. The sensory involvement of face-to-face communication is greater than in the context of any form of mediated communication; therefore, education by means of technology will be a qualitatively different experience. A basic definition of distance education is the delivery of the educational process to receivers who are not in proximity to the person or persons managing or conducting the process (Lewis, Whitaker, & Julian, 1995, p. 14).
Standards and protocols for interoperation of unattended ground sensors

Unattended Ground Sensor (UGS) systems have special requirements for long-duration, low-power operation, exfiltration of sensor reports and imagery over intermittent terrestrial or satellite communications channels, sensor description, management, discovery, configuration and command-and-control. This paper surveys a number existing and proposed software architectures for networked sensors, to include publish/subscribe brokered frameworks, with respect to the specific features needed for standards and protocols for UGS interoperability.
New Umkehr ozone profile retrieval algorithm optimized for climatological studies

[1] We present a new Umkehr ozone profile retrieval algorithm (UMK04) that has been optimized for the study of monthly mean anomalies (MMA) to assess climate variability in multi-year time series. Although the Umkehr technique is too noisy to monitor short-term variability in atmospheric ozone, it is capable of monitoring long-term changes in MMA with less then 5% uncertainty in the stratosphere, and with no influence from a priori information. By examining the information content of UMK04 we conclude that Umkehr data contain useful information about long-term ozone trend down to the surface, provided the data are analyzed as column ozone amounts in 8-layers, consisting of two ∼9.6 km layers in the lower atmosphere (253–1013, 63–253 hPa), five ∼4.8 km layers (32–63, 16–32, 8–16, 4–8, 2–4 hPa) in the stratosphere, plus a broad top layer spanning from 0–4 hPa.
Dynamic crack propagation in steel line pipes. Part I: Experimental investigation

Abstract An experimental–theoretical research project on dynamic crack propagation on steel line pipes intended for arctic service was developed. The aim of this study is to characterize the dynamic material behavior, to propose line pipe qualification tests, and to identify the variables that govern the dynamic fracture process and their relationships. The first part of this research involves the experimental work and outlines a practical test to assess fitness for service of arctic pipelines. Burst tests of line pipes samples at low temperature were carried out and crack extension vs. time was measured. The axial crack fracture mechanism was quasi-cleavage in the center of the pipe wall with lateral shear lips. A pressure range for LBB (leak before break) condition was obtained. In Part II of this research a new model for the assessment of the dynamic material properties from the analysis of test results obtained in Part I is developed.
Producer homogeneity, heightened uncertainty and mineral market rigidity

Abstract Minerals/metals markets are characterized by lumpy investments which impart a bias towards rigidity. That rigidity increased in the 1970s owing to heightened global economic uncertainty. The unexpected slowdown in global metals demand was a fundamental cause of the heightened uncertainty, but adjustment to it was hampered by a simultaneous reduction in the homogeneity of producers. The two main causes of reduced producer homogeneity were: the emergence of unstable and sizable differences in producer competitiveness and the proliferation of producers. A reduction in minerals market rigidity requires two sets of conditions. First, restoration of greater stability in global economic growth, inflation, energy prices and exchange rates; and second, an increase in producer homogeneity through the encouragement of joint ventures. Increased producer homogeneity facilitates expansion where investment is lumpy and since this improves the efficiency of capital it may be socially justified provided it is not accompanied by excess profits.
Prevention of crosscut and heating heart checks in log ends

Circumferential bands stretched around the stem, kerfs cut into the stem before cross-cutting, and circular grooves in new end faces of logs are evaluated as measures against heart checks. The success of the three measures greatly depends on the distance they are applied from the log end or from the stem axis and on the dimensions of the band, kerf, or groove. Most efficient distances and dimensions are computed in a Finite Element method. Bands appear to be most promising, though wide bands and huge stretching forces have to be applied for thick stems. Where intact cores of timbers are more important than peripheral zones, the cheaper kerfs and grooves appear to be more economical.
Patterns of Intergovernmental Relations in Environmental Cleanup at Federal Facilities

The authority of both federal and state environmental regulators is involved in decisions about regulating the cleanup of contaminated sites at federal facilities. This study examines tripartite relationships amongEPA regional offices, state environmental regulatory agencies, and U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) and U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) facilities during the process of cleaning up Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) sites at two federal facilities. The analysis found regularpatterns of conflict and cooperation in CERCLA cleanup programs at Weldon Spring, Missouri, and Reese AirForce Base, Texas. DOD and DOE, as lead agencies, generally frustrated active participation by state environmental regulatory agencies in the federal cleanup process. States used other environmental regulations to obtain authority overfederal CERCLA sites with varying levels of success. States'success in gaining authority over federal CERCLA sites depended on EPA regional offices' support of states' efforts.
Oxygen Transport Agents: A New Approach to Red Blood Cell Alternatives

SUMMARY Traditional approaches to red cell substitutes, including perfluorocarbon emulsions, modified hemoglobins or encapsulated hemoglobins, have not fulfilled their early promise. However, the vast amount of research performed in pursuit of these products has allowed a new and deeper insight into the details of O2 transfer at the microscopic level and how red cells, hemoglobin and the vascular system interact to ensure tissue oxygenation. With this understanding in mind, it is now possible to design new O2 carrier molecules specifically aimed at providing O2 to hypoxic tissue. In one sense, these products are not “red cell substitutes” because many of their properties are different from those of red cells and simple measurement of hemoglobin concentration may not be the best indicator of their ability to effectively transport O2. More properly, these new molecules are “O2 transport agents” and, as such, can be used in many clinical applications where red cells are administered today.
Effect of glucose and fat feeding on norepinephrine turnover in rats

The norepinephrine turnover in organs of glucose-fed and fat-fed rats were compared to those of starved rats. Rats fed only glucose had higher rates of norepinephrine turnover than starved rats in heart, pancreas, kidney, liver, and lung. The effect of glucose-feeding on norepinephrine turnover was most pronounced in heart (+ 197%) and pancreas (+ 120%), which were examined in the fat feeding study. Rats fed only fat showed the same suppression of insulin levels as fasting rats, and a greater reduction in plasma glucose levels. However, their norepinephrine turnover in heart (+ 182%) and pancreas (+ 173%) was similar to that of glucose-fed rats. Thus glucose and fat increase norepinephrine turnover in the absence of any other nutrients. If these nutrients increase norepinephrine turnover via the same intermediate signal, it cannot be insulin or increased glucose metabolism.
Baggage handling in an airplane cargo hold: An ergonomic intervention study

Abstract Incidence rates of lost time back and shoulder injuries in the airline industry are some of the highest in all of private industry. Commonly, risk factors associated with such injuries include overexertion, repetitive lifting, and awkward postures. These factors are found in combination in the airline baggage handler job. Twelve male subjects performed a simulated baggage handling task in a kneeling posture under a low ceiling, to test the effects on spinal loading, muscle activity, and trunk motion of (1) providing baggage weight information on the routing tag, and (2) an alternative method for handling and stowing bags. Providing weight information did not alter the biomechanical characteristics of the handling exertions in these subjects. However, it was shown to reduce cumulative spinal loading if used to organize stowing of baggage. The alternative stowing method, tipping bags and storing them on their short sides (like books on a shelf), was found to reduce spinal loads and trunk muscle activity. Relevance to industry Airline baggage handler injuries cost millions of dollars, annually. Two low-cost administrative means of changing their working conditions were explored, and showed promise, in terms of reducing biomechanical loads on the baggage handlers when performing some of their most strenuous activities.
Psychopathology and Public Policy

An effective definition of psychopathology would be helpful in distinguishing between normal and abnormal behavior and would provide guidance for important public policy decisions. Overinclusive definitions, such as the capacity/disability formulation, do not provide meaningful direction for defining need or assessing eligibility for insurance or other entitlements. Coping failures due to lack of skill, inadequate preparation, or other factors should be distinguished from those due to dysfunction or disturbance of psychological mechanisms. The capacity/disability formulation encourages confusion between different performance decrements and gives no guidance for appropriate boundaries for psychotherapy.
Endocrinology concepts for medical students.

The explosive growth of information in endocrinology made possible by unprecedented advances in technology and by expansion of the number of investigators engaged in endocrinological research presents a difficult and growing challenge to those of us who teach endocrine physiology to medical students
The use of spline based wavelet filtering to improve classification processing of SAR imagery

SAR imagery poses a significantly more difficult problem in classification than optical imagery because of the coherent scattering process and the geometric morphology of the scattering object. The resolution of the image and the impact of the speckle can cause significant confusion in the classification processing. The tendency of the wavelength to be on the order of the scattering geometry generates morphological characteristics in the imagery that, although may contain information, tends to confuse classification algorithms. The difficulty in these imagery is that all of these process are coupled. Conventional image processing techniques do not tend to separate these behaviors. Wavelet processing techniques offer some capability in these cases. The process is local so that any filtering can be confined to a specific image local, the process is directional, and the results of any processing of wavelet coefficients can be incorporated in the reconstructed image. In this work the authors use the cubic spline based wavelet developed by Chui (1992). These wavelet descriptors have special characteristics that allow high performance low pass and band pass filters to be constructed. These filters have very good sidelobe performance characteristics. The wavelet decomposition and reconstruction also have efficient computational implementations.
Water activity and activation diameters from hygroscopicity data - Part I: Theory and application to inorganic salts

Abstract. A method is described that uses particle hygroscopicity measurements, made with a humidified tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA), to determine solution water activity as a function of composition. The use of derived water activity data in computations determining the ability of aerosols to serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) is explored. Results for sodium chloride and ammonium sulfate are shown in Part I. The methodology yields solution water activities and critical dry diameters for ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride in good agreement with previously published data. The approach avoids the assumptions required for application of simplified and modified Kohler equations to predict CCN activity, most importantly, knowledge of the molecular weight and the degree of dissociation of the soluble species. Predictions of the dependence of water activity on the mass fraction of aerosol species are sensitive to the assumed dry density, but predicted critical dry diameters are not.
A Facile Alkylation of Aryl Aldehyde Tosylhydrazones with Trialkylboranes

Abstract Tributylborane readily alkylates aryl aldehyde trisylhydrazones to produce the corresponding alcohols in excellent yields.
MJO and Tropical Cyclogenesis in the Gulf of Mexico and Eastern Pacific: Case Study and Idealized Numerical Modeling

The role of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) in modulating the frequency and location of tropical cyclogenesis over the eastern Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico during August–September 1998 is examined. During the nonconvective phase of the MJO, convection and low-level cyclonic vorticity occurred primarily in conjunction with the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). During the convective phase, convection, low-level cyclonic vorticity, and convergence expanded into the northeastern Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico. This was accompanied by enhanced eddy kinetic energy and barotropic energy conversions as compared to the nonconvective phase, consistent with previous research. During the nonconvective phase of the MJO, vertical shear was relatively weaker but tropical cyclones tended to form mainly within the ITCZ. On the contrary, during the convective phase, vertical wind shear exceeded 10 m s 1 over much of this region and tropical cyclone development occurred north of the ITCZ, near the Mexican Pacific coast and the Gulf of Mexico. Idealized numerical experiments are conducted using a barotropic model with time-invariant basic states representative of the nonconvective and convective phases of the MJO. The simulations indicate that the propagation paths as well as the amplification of the eddies differ substantially between the two phases. During the nonconvective phase, the waves tend to propagate westward into the eastern Pacific. During the convective phase, stronger southerlies steer the waves into the Gulf of Mexico. The MJO-related modulation of tropical cyclogenesis in the eastern Pacific and Gulf of Mexico thus appears to involve anomalous convergence, cyclonic vorticity, vertical wind shear, and differing tracks of easterly waves.
The effect of change of position of the arm upon blood pressure.

Abstract Position of the arm has a definite and uniform effect on blood pressure readings. The systolic pressure is lowest when the arm is hyperabducted, that is, when it is made to lie along the long axis of the body. The systolic pressure becomes higher as the arm is adducted and brought toward the side of the body in the horizontal plane. A neutral position of the arm, 45 to 90 degrees from the side of the body, is probably the optimum position for the estimation of blood pressure. Other positions may cause a marked discrepancy in blood pressure readings.
Community Consultation and Intervention: Supporting Students Who Do Not Access Counseling Services.

Although the severity of psychological problems among college students and the demand for campus counseling services has increased, many students who could benefit from mental health services still do not access them. This article describes Community Consultation and Intervention, a program designed to support students who are unlikely to access professional help despite the best efforts of traditional counseling center outreach. Community Consultation and Intervention reaches into the campus community to intervene by advising faculty and staff who may be the only contact for a distressed student, taking on a nontraditional “student support” role in direct interactions with students, offering advocacy when university systems or other environmental stressors precipitate psychological problems, and providing case management and crisis intervention services on behalf of the university when troubled students are especially concerning and disruptive to their communities. The most novel element of the program—t...
Polychlorinated biphenyl exposure, diabetes and endogenous hormones: a cross-sectional study in men previously employed at a capacitor manufacturing plant

Studies have shown associations of diabetes and endogenous hormones with exposure to a wide variety of organochlorines. We have previously reported positive associations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and inverse associations of selected steroid hormones with diabetes in postmenopausal women previously employed in a capacitor manufacturing plant. This paper examines associations of PCBs with diabetes and endogenous hormones in 63 men previously employed at the same plant who in 1996 underwent surveys of their exposure and medical history and collection of bloods and urine for measurements of PCBs, lipids, liver function, hematologic markers and endogenous hormones. PCB exposure was positively associated with diabetes and age and inversely associated with thyroid stimulating hormone and triiodothyronine-uptake. History of diabetes was significantly related to total PCBs and all PCB functional groupings, but not to quarters worked and job score, after control for potential confounders. None of the exposures were related to insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in non-diabetic men. Associations of PCBs with specific endogenous hormones differ in some respects from previous findings in postmenopausal women employed at the capacitor plant. Results from this study, however, do confirm previous reports relating PCB exposure to diabetes and suggest that these associations are not mediated by measured endogenous hormones.