cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of ABCB1 (MDR1) haplotypes on tacrolimus dosing in adult lung transplant patients who are CYP3A5 *3/*3 nonexpressors

Abstract Background The influence of ABCB1 ( MDR1 ) polymorphisms on tacrolimus dosing has been questioned in previous studies with contradictory findings, possibly due to the association between CYP3A5 polymorphisms and tacrolimus dosing. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of ABCB1 haplotypes from 3 distinct polymorphic sites on the tacrolimus level/dose [L/D] in lung transplant patients limited to CYP3A5 *3/*3 nonexpressors. Method A total of 91 lung transplant patients treated primarily with tacrolimus and prednisone were enrolled, and clinical information on drug dosing and blood levels was collected. The [L/D] was calculated for patients receiving tacrolimus at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post transplant. ABCB1 polymorphisms at C1236T, G2677T, and C3435T were assessed by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing. Haplotypes were estimated by Arlequin ver.2.00. Haplotype effects on tacrolimus [L/D] were assessed by two-way ANOVA. Results Of the 10 haplotypes, CGC, TTT and CGT accounted for 44.1%, 40.7% and 7.6% of the total haplotypes, respectively. The tacrolimus [L/D] value in the CGC–CGC patients was significantly lower than in patients with CGC–TTT and TTT–TTT genotypes at the first month (mean [L/D] = 1.45 versus 3.10 and 3.97 ng × mL − 1 /mg/day), and throughout the first post transplant year. Conclusion This study demonstrates that ABCB1 haplotypes derived from three common polymorphisms are associated with tacrolimus dosing in lung transplant patients when eliminating the confounder CYP3A5 genotype.
Progress in chemical microscopy: 1958

Abstract The scope of this review is primarily limited to those analytical aspects of chemical microscopy in which crystallographic properties are the principal bases for identification of relatively small quantities of chemical substances. The emphasized properties are: optical properties; crystallite morphology (architecture); and crystal chemical characteristics associated with fusion reactions. Secondary consideration is given to techniques and related information of direct general interest to microchemical analysts employing these crystallographic methods.
Development of a one-step immunocapture real-time TaqMan RT-PCR assay for the broad spectrum detection of Pepino mosaic virus

A real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was developed for efficient detection of genetically diverse Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) isolates. The novel detection system was designed to use a duo-primer system targeting the conserved region in the triple gene block 2 (TGB2) gene with a single conserved TaqMan probe to broaden its reaction to cover all available PepMV strains. This duo-primer real-time RT-PCR assay was evaluated against US1, US2, Ch1, Ch2 and 25 field isolates collected from six major commercial tomato greenhouse facilities in U.S. and Canada in 2006. Under optimum reaction conditions, sensitivity of the detection was as low as 100 fg of purified viral RNA. This assay was also evaluated for its efficiency in detecting PepMV in various levels of contaminated seed samples. Using immuno-capture sample preparation, real-time RT-PCR was able to detect PepMV in one infested seed in 1000. This level of sensitivity indicated that the one-step immuno-capture duo-primer TaqMan real-time RT-PCR developed in the present study could be used for routine seed health assays.
Adolescent rats are protected from the conditioned aversive properties of cocaine and lithium chloride

In humans, most drug use is initiated during adolescence and adolescent users are more likely to become drug-dependent than adult users. Repeated, high levels of use are required for the transition from use to addiction. Individual levels of drug use are thought to result from a balance between the pleasant or rewarding and the unpleasant or aversive properties of the drug. Repeated high levels of drug use are required for the transition from drug use to dependence. We hypothesized that diminished aversive effects of drugs of abuse during adolescence might be one reason for higher rates of use and addiction during this phase. We therefore tested adolescent and adult CD rats in single-dose cocaine conditioned taste aversion (CTA) at a range of doses (10-40 mg/kg), and examined whether various behavioral markers of addiction vulnerability were correlated to outcome in cocaine CTA. We found that adolescents are indeed less susceptible to cocaine CTA. In fact, age was the predominant predictor of CTA outcome, predominating over measures of novelty-seeking, anxiety, and stress hormone levels, which are all known to be related to drug intake in other models. Furthermore, we found that adolescent rats are also less susceptible to conditioned taste aversion to a low dose of a non-addictive substance, lithium chloride. These results suggest that one explanation for elevated drug use and addiction among adolescents is reduced aversive or use-limiting effects of the drugs. This contributes to our understanding of why adolescence is a particularly vulnerable period for development of drug abuse.
Telepsychiatry: Challenges in Rural Aging

: A significant health care dilemma for older individuals living in rural areas is that at a time in life when there is, predictably, a greater need for medical services, the ability to access those limited services is markedly reduced. Telepsychiatry presents an innovative and cost-effective strategy for the provision of improved local access to quality mental health services for the underserved rural elderly. Telepsychiatry has demonstrated the potential to improve access to mental health services, provide those services in an affordable and cost-effective manner and deliver those services at a quality nearly equal to traditional face-to-face services. Advances in telepsychiatry technology allow a core group of skilled mental health providers in a central location to provide timely local access to quality services for the rural elderly over a broad geographic area.
Investigation of the effects of gender and preparation on quality of communication in Internet support groups

Abstract The present study examined communication among males and females participating in Internet support groups. Previous qualitative research on Internet support groups has suggested that female cancer patients exhibit higher levels of emotional expression than males, and male cancer patients use Internet support groups for information exchange. We developed a laboratory-based protocol for investigating gender differences in online communication, testing the hypothesis that preparation for the online groups would increase levels of disclosure. One hundred and sixty-seven undergraduates were enrolled in same-gender support groups to discuss the shared experience of having a loved one with cancer. Participants were randomized to one of three preparation groups: minimal instruction, detailed instruction with social modeling, and detailed instruction with social modeling and practice. Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count was used to measure levels of emotional and cognitive expression in messages sent to the group. Participants used increasing levels of emotional and cognitive expression over time; this pattern was not altered by preparation and did not differ between males and females. The levels of emotional and cognitive expression during Internet communication suggest that the Internet may be a viable medium for the provision of psychosocial services to people in need of supportive care, such as cancer patients.
Risk index for predicting perioperative stroke, myocardial infarction, or death risk in asymptomatic patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy.

Objective The latest guidelines recommend performance of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) on asymptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis, only if the combined perioperative stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), or death risk is ≤3%. Our objective was to develop and validate a risk index to estimate the combined risk of perioperative stroke, MI, or death in asymptomatic patients undergoing elective CEA. Methods Asymptomatic patients who underwent an elective CEA (n = 17,692) were identified from the 2005-2010 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, a multicenter, prospective database. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed with primary outcome of interest being the composite of any stroke, MI, or death during the 30-day periprocedural period. Bootstrapping was used for internal validation. A risk index was created by assigning weighted points to each predictor using the β-coefficients from the regression analysis. Results Fifty-eight percent of the patients were men with a median age of 72 years. Thirty-day incidences of stroke, MI, and death were 0.9% (n = 167), 0.6% (n = 108), and 0.4% (n = 72), respectively. The combined 30-day stroke, MI, or death incidence was 1.8% (n = 324). On multivariable analysis, six independent predictors were identified and a risk index created by assigning weighted points to each predictor using the β-coefficients from the regression analysis. The predictors included age in years ( 6%) risk for combined 30-day stroke, MI, or death, based on a total point score of 7, respectively. There were 15,249 patients (86.2%) in the low-risk category, 2233 (12.6%) in the intermediate-risk category, and 210 (1.2%) in the high-risk category. Conclusions The validated risk index can help identify asymptomatic patients who are at greatest risk for 30-day stroke, MI, and death after CEA, thereby aiding patient selection.
Special considerations in the treatment of college students with bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder is a relatively common mental disorder that often has its onset during the college years. This means that students simultaneously face both the challenge of late adolescent development and the challenge of adapting to a major mental illness. As a further complication, the college environment is not well suited to the kinds of lifestyle changes that add stability to the lives of people with bipolar disorder. Treatment involves establishing an alliance, education about lifestyle changes, aiding adaptation to the illness, careful medication to minimize side effects, and loosening the affective constriction that can result from fear of relapse. Both the health care provider and student can use the culture of learning and self-discovery in the college setting to the treatment's benefit. As well, the provider can use the time-limited nature of college to lessen ambivalence about making long-term changes.
Genome wide transcriptome analysis reveals ABA mediated response in Arabidopsis during gold (AuCl−4) treatment

The unique physico-chemical properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) find manifold applications in diagnostics, medicine and catalysis. Chemical synthesis produces reactive AuNPs and generates hazardous by-products. Alternatively, plants can be utilized to produce AuNPs in an eco-friendly manner. To better control the biosynthesis of AuNPs, we need to first understand the detailed molecular response induced by AuCl4- In this study, we carried out global transcriptome analysis in root tissue of Arabidopsis grown for 12- hours in presence of gold solution (HAuCl4) using the novel unbiased Affymetrix exon array. Transcriptomics analysis revealed differential regulation of a total of 704 genes and 4900 exons. Of these, 492 and 212 genes were up- and downregulated, respectively. The validation of the expressed key genes, such as glutathione-S-transferases, auxin responsive genes, cytochrome P450 82C2, methyl transferases, transducin (G protein beta subunit), ERF transcription factor, ABC, and MATE transporters, was carried out through quantitative RT-PCR. These key genes demonstrated specific induction under AuCl4- treatment relative to other heavy metals, suggesting a unique plant-gold interaction. GO enrichment analysis reveals the upregulation of processes like oxidative stress, glutathione binding, metal binding, transport, and plant hormonal responses. Changes predicted in biochemical pathways indicated major modulation in glutathione mediated detoxification, flavones and derivatives, and plant hormone biosynthesis. Motif search analysis identified a highly significant enriched motif, ACGT, which is an abscisic acid responsive core element (ABRE), suggesting the possibility of ABA- mediated signaling. Identification of abscisic acid response element (ABRE) points to the operation of a predominant signaling mechanism in response to AuCl4- exposure. Overall, this study presents a useful picture of plant-gold interaction with an identification of candidate genes invol
Kondo effect of impurity moments in d-wave superconductors: Quantum phase transition and spectral properties

We discuss the dynamics of magnetic moments in d-wave superconductors. In particular, we focus on moments induced by doping nonmagnetic impurities into cuprates. The interaction of such moments with the Bogoliubov quasiparticles of the superconductors can be described by variants of the pseudogap Kondo model, characterized by a power-law density of states at the Fermi level. The numerical renormalization-group technique is employed to investigate this Kondo problem for realistic band structures and particle-hole asymmetries, both at zero and finite temperatures. In particular, we study the boundary quantum phase transition between the local-moment and asymmetric strong-coupling phases, and argue that this transition has been observed in recent nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. We determine the spectral properties of both phases and the location of the critical point as a function of Kondo coupling and doping, and discuss quantum-critical crossovers near this phase transition. In addition, changes in the local density of states around the impurity are calculated as functions of temperature, being relevant to scanning tunneling microscopy experiments.
InP JFET Equivalent Circuit And Negative Resistance Effects

The small-signal equivalent circuit of an ion-implanted InP JFET is presented. The nominal design parameters of the JFET include a 1017 cm-3 channel doping, a channel thickness of 0.2 μm, and a gate length of 2 μm. Based on measured S-parameters, the values of fr and fmax, are 10 and 22 GHz, respectively, which are the largest measured values for an InP JFET reported to date. The output resistance is found to be less than that of a corresponding GaAs MESFET and a larger VDS has to be applied to reach its maximum value. The gate-to-drain feedback capacitance has a value between those of GaAs and InP MESFETs. Negative differential resistance, as evidenced by dc and microwave measurements, is observed in devices with a channel thickness larger than approximately 0.5 μm. This result, adjusted for possible substrate current, is shown to be consistent with the simple theory of stationary Gunn domain formation.
Stage IB and IIA cervical cancer with negative lymph nodes : The role of adjuvant radiotherapy after radical hysterectomy

Abstract The records of 171 patients with lymph node-negative stage IB and IIA cervical cancer primarily treated with radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy from 1974 to 1992 were retrospectively reviewed to identify poor prognostic factors and evaluate the role of adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy. One hundred sixteen patients (68%) were treated with radical hysterectomy alone (RH) and 55 patients (32%) received adjuvant radiotherapy (RH + RT). Factors predictive of recurrence for the entire group of patients included lymph–vascular space invasion (LVSI) ( P = 0.003) and grade 3 histology ( P = 0.04). Patients receiving RH + RT were older and more likely to have outer third cervical wall invasion, LVSI, positive margins, ≥2 cm pathologic tumor size, and >4 cm clinical tumor size (all P P = 0.04). LVSI is an important prognostic variable in lymph node-negative stage IB and IIA cervical cancer. Although adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy may decrease the risk of recurrence in patients with LVSI, the majority of patients with negative lymph nodes may be treated with radical surgery alone.
Manual Reduction to Assist Intraoperative Maxillomandibular Fixation May Suffice for Mandibular Angle Fractures Treated with Open Reduction and Internal Fixation

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Is the use of arch bars or interdental wire fixation necessary for successful outcomes in the open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular angle fractures? Bell RB, Wilson DM. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008;66(10):2116-22. Reviewers Corwin Zigler, MA, and Vivek Shetty, DDS, Dr MedDent Purpose/Question Are the rates of complications following ORIF treatment of mandibular angle fractures different depending on whether MMF was assisted with Erich arch bars, interdental “Stout” wires, or manual reduction? Source of Funding Information not available. Type of Study/Design Retrospective cohort study. Level of Evidence Level 2: Limited-quality, patient-oriented evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Not applicable
Forage Production and Nutritive Value of Selected Pigeonpea Ecotypes in the Southern Great Plains

Stocker cattle production in portions of southern Great Plains depends on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and warm-season perennial grasses. Nutrient supply is limited in both quantity and quality from late July through November. To determine if pigeonpea [Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp.] could fill this deficit, a field study was conducted from 1996 to 1998, Seasonal forage production patterns, yield, and quality of three pigeonpea ecotypes (ICP8151, ICPX910007, and PBNA) were evaluated. Pigeonpeas produced 5 Mg ha -1 dry matter by 26 August, with N concentration >20 g kg -1 and digestible dry matter (DDM) > 500 g kg -1 .Ecotype ICPX910007 accumulated greatest dry matter in 136 d (16 Mg ha -1 ), followed by ICP8151 (13 Mg ha -1 ) and PBNA (9.5 Mg ha -1 ). Mean N concentration for PBNA was 28.6 g kg -1 as compared with 23.3 and 23.0 g kg -1 for ICP8151 and ICP910007, respectively. Digestible dry matter of PBNA was 614 g kg -1 , followed by 576 and 572 for ICP8151 and ICP910007, respectively. Leaf dry matter yield averaged across sampling dates and years for all ecotypes ranged from 2360 to 2600 kg ha -1 . Leaf quality was similar to that of alfalfa for all ecotypes. Environmental conditions such as cooler spring and summer temperatures and excess rainfall (1997) or extreme drought (1988) reduced yield of all ecotypes. Pigeonpea can provide high-quality forage that could be used as a primary or supplementary forage for grazing livestock at a time when other forages are less productive.
Effects of the prebiotics GroBiotic®-A and inulin on the intestinal microbiota of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus.

Two separate feeding trials examined the effects of dietary supplementation of the prebiotics GroBiotic®-A and inulin on growth performance and gastrointestinal tract microbiota of the red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. In the first feeding trial, fish meal-based diets without prebiotics or supplemented with either GroBiotic®-A or inulin at 1% of dry weight were fed to triplicate groups of juvenile red drum (initial weight of 2.6 g) in 110-L aquaria operated as a brackish water (7 ppt) recirculating system for 8 wk. In the second feeding trial, soybean meal/fish meal-based diets supplemented with either GroBiotic®-A or inulin at 1% of dry weight were fed to triplicate groups of red drum (initial weight of 15.8 g) in 110-L aquaria operated as either a common recirculating water system or closed system with individual biofilters (independent aquaria) for 6 wk. Supplementation of the prebiotics in either feeding trial did not alter weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, or protein efficiency ratio of red drum fed the various diets. In the second feeding trial, the culture system significantly affected weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, and protein efficiency ratio although there were no effects of dietary treatments on fish performance or whole-body protein, lipid, moisture, or ash. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of the gastrointestinal tract microbial community showed no effect of the dietary prebiotics as the microbial community appeared to be dominated by a single organism with very low diversity when compared with other livestock and fish species. DGGE of the microbial community in the biofilters of the independent aquariums showed a diverse microbial community that was not affected by the dietary prebiotics.
Assessment of memory self-awareness following traumatic brain injury.

Objective: To examine memory self-awareness abilities in individuals with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) using both ‘online assessment’ and ‘offline assessment’ methodologies.Design and methods: Participants were 23 individuals with TBI and 23 controls matched on age, education and sex. Online assessment of memory was assessed by comparing the predicted amount of information participants expected that they would remember following trial 1, trial 5 and a 20-minute delay with actual memory performance on list-learning and visuospatial memory tests. Offline assessment of memory involved contrasting self-ratings provided by TBI participants about their everyday memory functioning with ratings from knowledgeable informants and with performance on objective memory tests.Results: Individuals with TBI displayed poorer recall for newly learned information than control participants, but no significant group differences emerged in the online assessment of memory self-awareness. The offline assessmen...
THE BUCKLING OF WALL TILE

A description is given of the separation of wall tile from their cement backing in a Seattle apartment hotel. Tests of the tile and delayed observations indicated that the failures were caused by an excessive shrinkage of the cement-clay-sand backing wall. Precautions should be taken against setting tile on a green unshrunk, flimsy, backing wall, especially when the plastered surface is over 1 inch in thickness and can shrink en bloc over large areas. An excessive amount of clay or other plasticizers will likewise increase the shrinkage and danger of separation.
Play to the camera Video ethnography, spectatorship, and e-sports

Electronic sports (e-sports) represents an increasingly popular and profitable array of organizations, communities, and sets of practices, all of which place tremendous value on audiences; for example, playing games competitively, in front of a crowd, represents the legitimization of gaming as spectator sport. This article reports on an audiovisual ethnography of a community of competitive gamers for whom the video camera became not so much a research tool but a promotional resource. Examining the transformations the camera enacted, both to the practice of ethnographic fieldwork and to participants’ embodied performances of competitive gaming, this article explores the central role played by recording technologies in the production of e-sports. It concludes by considering some of the intersections of surveillance, gaming, and emergent leisure practices – including the use of digital recording technologies to collect social scientific data, at a time when watching and being watched is increasingly pervasiv...
A sinteractive Ni–BaZr0.8Y0.2O3−δ composite membrane for hydrogen separation

BaZr0.8Y0.2O3−δ (BZY) is an excellent candidate material for hydrogen permeation membranes due to its high bulk proton conductivity, mechanical robustness, and chemical stability in H2O- and CO2-containing environments. Unfortunately, the use of BZY as a separation membrane has been greatly restrained by its highly refractory nature, poor grain boundary proton conductivity, high number of grain boundaries resulting from limited grain growth during sintering, as well as low electronic conductivity. These problems can be resolved by the fabrication of a Ni–BZY composite membrane with large BZY grains, which requires the development of a sinteractive Ni–BaZr0.8Y0.2O3−δ materials system. In this work, Ni–BZY composite membranes have been fabricated by three methods: (i) a combined EDTA-citric method, (ii) a solid state reactive sintering method, and (iii) a solid state reaction method. The effects of different fabrication methods on the sintering activity, microstructure, and phase composition have been systematically investigated by dilatometry, scanning electron microscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction. After reduction, only Ni–BZY membranes prepared through the solid state reaction method were observed to be dense with large BZY grains (∼1 μm). It has been found that the densification and grain growth of Ni–BZY composite membranes were controlled by the method and sequence of NiO introduction during composite membrane processing. After process optimization, a 0.44 mm-thick Ni–BZY dense composite membrane was fabricated using the solid state reaction method which exhibited a hydrogen flux of 4.3 × 10−8 mol cm−2 s−1 in wet 40% H2 at 900 °C, significantly higher than those of non-BaCeO3-based hydrogen separation membranes.
Financial performance of mixed-age naturally regenerated loblolly-hardwood stands in the south central United States

Abstract To estimate the financial performance of a natural mixed species and mixed-age management in the loblolly-pine forest type, we examined 991 FIA plots in the south central states. The plots were of the loblolly pine forest type, mixed-age, and had been regenerated naturally. We gauged the financial performance of each plot from the equivalent annual income (EAI) produced by growth and harvest, between two successive inventories. The real price EAI (REAI) measured the financial performance based on the real price change, net of inflation, between surveys. The constant price EAI (CEAI) measured stand productivity at prices at the time of the first survey. Thus, the REAI is a measure of real economic performance, including timber growth and price changes. In contrast, the CEAI is a quantity index of timber growth, the growth of each product being weighted by its price. During the period 1977–1994, the main determinant of the REAI was the price change. Due to an overall favorable price trend, the mean REAI ($158 ha−1 year−1) was much greater than the mean CEAI ($24 ha−1 year−1). Due to increasing prices, the best performing plots had very high stocking levels. Thus, the best financial strategy was to hold the stock, making the opportunity cost of conservation negative. Instead, CEAI tended to be lower on stands with high basal area, and higher in stands with many trees, a low share of hardwoods, and many trees near sawtimber size.
More senses make more sense

Because Mr. Hoyler's talk was primarily a demonstration of how operating equipment can be used to improve audience interest and reaction, publication of his manuscript would serve little use without the added sights and sounds which accompanied his words. Therefore, we are printing instead a report on his talk prepared by a member of PGEWS who attended the Symposium. — The Editor.
The neglected stepchildren of forest-based ecosystem services: Cultural, spiritual, and aesthetic values

Abstract Humans sometimes, perhaps often, form deeply personal and important attachments to ‘things’ such as trees. Such attachments reflect the value these ‘things’ have in our lives and often are based on cultural (shared) or spiritual (individualistic) meanings. However, there has been relatively little discussion of environmental services that are symbolic, cultural or spiritual. One potential problem created as a by-product of this lack of discussion is that there may be a tendency to inadvertently trivialize the importance of cultural and/or spiritual environmental services. A second problem is that it is essentially inconceivable, at the present time, to consider functioning markets in which such services are traded. In this paper, I explore both of these themes. In terms of addressing the importance of cultural/aesthetic/spiritual values of trees, specifically, occasionally an event occurs that reminds us forcefully that these values are not trivial – indeed, they may be quite sizable – and command our attention as scientists and in policy discussions. The recent poisoning of Auburn University's beloved Toomer's oaks provides a compelling case study. With respect to the absence of markets for cultural/spiritual/aesthetic services, I seek to better understand why markets have emerged for certain environmental services but not for others.
Requirements for Describing the Mechanics of Tires Used on Single-Track Vehicles

The adequacy of Sharp's analysis to predict the dynamic behavior of single-track vehicles is reviewed. A noteworthy feature of Sharp's analysis is his inclusion of the lag between lateral force and lateral slip which is exhibited by a tire undergoing a time rate of change in lateral slip. In another study, Eaton has pointed out that every analysis of single-track vehicles published prior to 1960 failed to include external forces created by a sideslipping tire. The question is raised as to whether the nonstationary response to inclination is comparable to the nonstationary response to lateral slip or slip angle. The review of Sharp's analysis and Eaton's findings indicates that the attainment of better agreement between theory and experimentation will require that the motorcycle tire be described in greater detail, from both static and dynamic points of view. Transient measurements of lateral force resulting from inclination show that a small component of this force is in phase with inclination, whereas the remaining component lags the inclination angle. The component of force lagging the inclination angle appears to involve greater lag, i.e. larger relaxation length, than the force produced by lateral slip. The overturning moment caused by inclination also contains lagging and nonlagging components, although the lagging component is very small relative to the nonlagging component. It is concluded that lateral force and overturning moment due to inclination should be accurately described, statically and dynamically, to predict the dynamics of single-track vehicles. There is also a need to analyze the pneumatic tire with respect to lateral force and overturning moment produced by fixed and time-varying inclination.
Freedom Issues in Sport.

(1982). Freedom Issues in Sport. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 53, No. 2, pp. 57-62.
Subclass restriction of anti-SS-B (La) autoantibodies☆

Abstract Antibodies to the SS-B (La) nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle are relatively specific for the diagnoses of Sjogren's syndrome or systemic lupus erythematosus. The formation of such autoantibodies is likely, then, to reflect the basic immunopathogenesis of these disorders. We have studied the isotype distribution of anti-SS-B antibodies as a clue to their immunoregulation. Using specific ELISA assays, we found that nearly all anti-SS-B antibodies in 39 patients were IgG, and, of these, only the IgG1 and, to a much lesser extent, IgG3 subclasses were represented. Both κ and λ light chain antibodies were found in most sera, and the overall κ λ ratio approximated that of normal serum immunoglobulin. These results suggest that the formation of anti-SS-B antibodies is T-cell dependent and that the response is polyclonal in most patients.
Abstract 337: Carfilzomib synergistically enhances ABT-263-induced apoptosis due to NOXA induction inKRASwild type and mutant colorectal cancer cell lines

BACKGROUND. Proteosome inhibition is associated with induction of the proapoptotic BH3 protein NOXA. Therefore, we hypothesize that the combination of the irreversible proteosome inhibitor, carfilzomib, will cooperatively enhance apoptosis induction by the BH3 mimetic drug, ABT-263. Given that nononcogenic addiction to proteosome activity has been reported in KRAS mutant cells, we utilized isogenic colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines in which the endogenous wild-type (wt) or mutant alleles had been inactivated through targeted homologous recombination. Since proteasome blockade results in proteotoxic stress, we determined whether an autophagy inhibitor can enhance chemosensitivity. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS. Isogenic KRAS mutant (MUT) CRC cells (HCT116, DLD1; obtained from B. Vogelstein, JHU) were incubated with carfilzomib (25,50nM) alone or combined with ABT-263 (1 µM) and apoptosis was measured by caspase cleavage and annexin V + labeling. Synergy was measured by calculation of the combination index. Effect of carfilzomib on Bcl-2 family proteins was determined by immunoblotting. Interaction of NOXA with MCL-1 was examined by immunoprecipitation. Knockdown of NOXA was achieved by lentiviral shRNA. Cells were incubated with drugs alone or combined with chloroquine, and autophagy (LC3I/II conversion) and apoptosis were analyzed. RESULTS. Carfilzomib was shown to potently and synergistically enhance ABT-263-induced apoptosis (2-fold) in both KRAS MUT and wild type (WT) cell lines, with the effect being modestly higher in wild type cells, as shown by annexin V + staining and caspase cleavage. Carfilzomib induced NOXA expression in both KRAS MUT and WT cells, and reduced MCL-1 expression. Induced NOXA was shown to bind and sequester MCL-1 proteins. Knockdown of NOXA attenuated drug-induced apoptosis. Autophagy inhibition by chloroquine accumulated LC3II, but only modestly increased carfilzomib-induced cell death. CONCLUSION. Irreversible proteasome inhibition by carfilzomib synergistically enhanced ABT-263-induced cell death that is mediated by NOXA upregulation and its sequestration/neutralization of MCL-1. The finding of similar efficacy in KRAS MUT vs WT cells suggests that this combination may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in this tumor subset. Citation Format: Shengbing Huang, Koichi Okamoto, Frank A. Sinicrope. Carfilzomib synergistically enhances ABT-263-induced apoptosis due to NOXA induction in KRAS wild type and mutant colorectal cancer cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 337. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-337
Evolution of the hemagglutinin gene of H3N8 canine influenza virus in dogs

With the widespread use of a recently developed canine influenza virus (CIV) H3N8 vaccine, continual molecular evaluation of circulating CIVs is necessary for monitoring antigenic drift. The aim of this project was to further describe the genetic evolution of CIV, as well as determine any genetic variation within potential antigenic regions that might result in antigenic drift. To this end, the hemagglutinin gene of 19 CIV isolates from dogs residing in Colorado, New York, and South Carolina humane shelters was sequenced and compared to CIV strains isolated during 2003–2012. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that CIV might be diverging into two geographically distinct lineages. Using a mixed-effects model for evolution and single likelihood ancestor counting methods, several amino acid sites were found to be undergoing selection pressure. Additionally, a total of six amino acid changes were observed in two possible antigenic sites for CIVs isolated from Colorado and New York humane shelters between 2009 and 2011. As CIV isolates might be diverging into geographically distinct lineages, further experiments are warranted to determine the extent of antigenic drift occurring within circulating CIV.
Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA binding protein stimulates the DNA deoxyribophosphodiesterase activity of exonuclease I

The E. coli single-stranded binding protein (SSB) has been demonstrated in vitro to be involved in a number of replicative, DNA renaturation, and protective functions. It was shown previously that SSB can interact with exonuclease I to stimulate the hydrolysis of single-stranded DNA. We demonstrate here that E. coli SSB can also enhance the DNA deoxyribophosphodiesterase (dRpase) activity of exonuclease I by stimulating the release of 2-deoxyribose-5-phosphate from a DNA substrate containing AP endonuclease-incised AP sites, and the release of 4-hydroxy-2-pentenal-5-phosphate from a DNA substrate containing AP lyase-incised AP sites. E. coli SSB and exonuclease I form a protein complex as demonstrated by Superose 12 gel filtration chromatography. These results suggest that SSB may have an important role in the DNA base excision repair pathway.
A toxicological investigation of some acute, short-term, and chronic effects of administering di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and other phthalate esters.

Twelve phthalic acid esters, including those commonly used as plasticizers for biomedical devices, were subjected to various biological tests for acute, short-term, and chronic toxicity. Certain aspects of subtle toxicity were investigated as well as overt toxic manifestations. The acute ip LD50 for these compounds in mice ranged from 3.22 to more than 100 g/kg. A comparison of acute LD50 to chronic LD50 reveals that most of these phthalates are 2–4 times more toxic chronically. However, the chronic toxicity of di-n-octyl phthalate was 21.74 times greater than its acute toxicity, while for di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate the chronic toxicity was 27.99 times greater. Most of these compounds produced a prolongation of pentobarbital sleeping time in mice pretreated with a phthalate ester.
Severe hypernatremia complicating urinary tract obstruction

Severe hypernatremia and hyperosmolar dehydration developed in a patient with partial urinary tract obstruction. The urine was initially hypotonic, and there was no response to exogenous vasopressin. These abnormalities resolved with relief of the urinary tract obstruction and replacement of the water deficit. This case documents lower urinary tract obstruction as a cause of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and severe hypernatremia and illustrates its reversible nature.
Controlling acoustic-wave propagation through material anisotropy

Acoustic-wave velocity is strongly direction dependent in an anisotropic medium. This can be used to design composites with preferred acoustic-energy transport characteristics. In a unidirectional fiber-glass composite, for example, the preferred direction corresponds to the fiber orientation which is associated with the highest stiffness and which can be used to guide the momentum and energy of the acoustic waves either away from or toward a region within the material, depending on whether one wishes to avoid or harvest the corresponding stress waves. The main focus of this work is to illustrate this phenomenon using numerical simulations and then check the results experimentally.
Sub-national inequities in Philippine water access associated with poverty and water potential

The Philippines is one of many countries to have achieved the Millennium Development Goal target for improved access to drinking water. However, the national average masks sub-national inequities in access that underlie important information for policy makers and that have implications for health and development. We conducted a geospatial analysis on water access at the household and school levels, total water potential, and poverty incidence. We also compared water access at the household level between 1998 and 2008. We found significant spatial autocorrelation for all variables: the northern region had higher access to improved water sources, lower levels of poverty and less total water potential than the central or southern regions. Further, these trends did not change from 1998 to 2008. This study identifies the most marginalized areas within the Philippines. Our approach could be used by policy makers, donors and service delivery providers within the Philippines and elsewhere to better target water infrastructure projects.
Severe iron overload with a novel aminolevulinate synthase mutation and hepatitis C infection. A case report

A 55 year old man with a history of chronic hepatitis C infection was found to have severe hemochromatosis: hepatic cirrhosis, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, hypogonadism, diabetes and bronzed skin color. After 50 phlebotomies, he underwent a combined heart and liver transplant. Genetic analyses identified a novel mutation in the iron responsive element of the ALAS2 gene. No mutations were found in other genes associated with adult or juvenile hemochromatosis including HFE, transferrin receptor-2 (TFR2), ferroportin (SLC40A1), hepcidin (HAMP) and hemojuvelin (HJV). We suggest that the ALAS2 mutation together with chronic hepatitis C infection may have caused the severe iron overload phenotype.
A case report of intravenous malathion injection with determination of serum half-life.

AbstractWe report a case of intravenous malathion poisoning. Serum pseudocholinesterase (PChE) levels were undetectable for 24 hours post injection and increased to 9 IU/mL (normal 7–19) at 7 days. A concomitant decrease of serum malathion was seen with the increasing PChE. The half-life was calculated to be 2.89 hours.
Posterior Urethral Valve Treatments and Outcomes in Children Receiving Kidney Transplants

Purpose: We evaluated the impact of surgical approaches to posterior urethral valves on renal transplant survival and compared transplant survival in children with vs without posterior urethral valves.Materials and Methods: We reviewed the records of all children who underwent renal transplantation from January 1984 to March 2008 and performed univariate subgroup analysis in those with posterior urethral valves. We evaluated the ureteroneocystotomy method, immunosuppression and valve treatment. In patients with posterior urethral valves we regarded nocturnal and/or daytime incontinence, severe urgency and the need for intermittent catheterization or double voiding for increased post-void residual urine as signs of bladder dysfunction.Results: The initial renal transplant was received by 418 children at a mean age of 5.6 years. The 59 boys with posterior urethral valves received a total of 69 kidneys. By 8-year followup the kidney had failed in 24 of 59 boys with and 143 of 359 without posterior urethral v...
Magnetic behavior at the iron sites in PdFeMn alloys

Abstract Mossbauer effect hyperfine measurements of (Pd 0.9965 Fe 0.0035 ) 1− x Mn x have been obtained for 1.1 K T H x = 0.01, 0.05, 0.06 and 0.065. Ferromagnetic ordering is clear for x = 0.01 and is possible for x = 0.05 at 4 K. At 1.1 K ordering at the iron sites in all samples, except x = 0.01, is consistent with a spin-glass or antiferromagnetic phase.
Poverty, Delinquency, and Educational Attainment: Cumulative Disadvantage or Disadvantage Saturation?

Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) were analyzed to test two competing hypotheses regarding how poverty affects the relationship between delinquency and educational attainment. The cumulative-disadvantage perspective argues that poor youth suffer greater consequences for their involvement in delinquency than middle- and upper-class youth in terms of their educational attainment. Contrary to this perspective, the disadvantage-saturation thesis predicts that delinquency is less con-sequential for the educational attainment of poor youth than it is for nonpoor youth. Results from ordinary least squares and logistic regression analyses support the latter hypothesis. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed.
Research on Scaling up Evidence-Based Instructional Practice: Developing a Sensitive Measure of the Rate of Implementation

Few evidence-based instructional practices achieve large-scale use, often remaining only in the schools directly involved in their development. Research on scaling up effective educational practice often lacks sensitive measures of the practice's implementation and the required research protocol. This article describes how we used rate of implementation as a sensitive measure to help identify barriers to implementation of class-wide peer tutoring (CWPT). Using communication technologies and a learning management system, we monitored the rate of CWPT implementation and its research protocol across nine schools in five states. Rate of implementation was defined as the number of weeks in which a school successfully completed the 12 implementation tasks required to reach full implementation. We discuss factors related to the variation in implementation rate (30-50 weeks) between schools, and implications of this measurement strategy for research on instructional practices and the technology used to facilitate scalability research.
Localist network modelling in psychology: Ho-hum or hm-m-m?

Localist networks represent information in a very simple and straightforward way. However, localist modelling of complex behaviours ultimately entails the use of intricate 'hand-designed' connectionist structures. It is, in fact, mainly these two aspects of localist network models that I believe have turned many researchers off them (perhaps wrongly so).
In Search of Regional Governance in East Asia: Processes and Outcomes

Abstract This article employs the concept of ‘regional governance’ to analyze both the processes and outcomes of the emerging regional institutional arrangements in East Asia. It argues that while ASEAN has played a significant role in creating and sustaining the ‘processes’ of wider East Asian regional governance efforts, the level of achievement in translating these processes into tangible ‘outcomes’ remains severely constrained by great power rivalry, especially between Japan and China. By focusing on the areas of trade and finance, this article argues that the varying levels of outcomes between these two issue areas can be explained primarily by the degree of convergence between Japanese and Chinese interests. In particular, while Japan and China have a shared interest in contributing to the promotion of regional financial stability, they strongly disagree over the appropriate form and contours of a trade governance system.
The Sensitivity of Mountain Snowpack Accumulation to Climate Warming

Abstract Controls on the sensitivity of mountain snowpack accumulation to climate warming (λS) are investigated. This is accomplished using two idealized, physically based models of mountain snowfall to simulate snowpack accumulation for the Cascade Mountains under current and warmed climates. Both models are forced from sounding observations. The first model uses the linear theory (LT) model of orographic precipitation to predict precipitation as a function of the incoming flow characteristics and uses the sounding temperatures to estimate the elevation of the rain–snow boundary, called the melting level (ML). The second “ML model” uses only the ML from the sounding and assumptions of uniform and constant precipitation. Both models simulate increases in precipitation intensity and elevated storm MLs under climate warming. The LT model predicts a 14.8%–18.1% loss of Cascade snowfall per degree of warming, depending on the vertical structure of the warming. The loss of snowfall is significantly greater, 19...