cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Counterpoint to “What Is an Epileptic Seizure?” By D’Ambrosio and Miller

D’Ambrosio and Miller argue that brief (i.e., one to a few seconds), rhythmic electrographic events accompanied by behavioral arrest, which they have observed in rats after lateral fluid percussion (i.e., in an animal model of traumatic brain injury), should be considered seizures in this model of posttraumatic epilepsy (1). A counter argument is that these events are not characteristic of the seizures seen clinically in posttraumatic epilepsy or in other forms of acquired epilepsy. Furthermore, several types of brief, rhythmic activity can be recorded in the electroencephalogram (EEG) of animals and humans without epilepsy. One cannot exclude the possibility that such events represent normal electrical activity, which may (or even may not) occur more often after brain injury. Thus, caution is required. In this counterpoint to “What Is an Epileptic Seizure?” by D’Ambrosio and Miller, the assertion is made that experimental studies on animal models of acquired epilepsy that claim electrographic events to be seizures, when the possibility exists that they may not be seizures characteristic of human acquired epilepsy, could be counterproductive, since research resources could be focused on animal models that may not actually demonstrate acquired epilepsy.
A Method for Counterstaining Tissues in Conjunction with the Glyoxylic Acid Condensation Reaction for Detection of Biogenic Amines

A method is described for counterstaining tissue for use with the glyoxylic acid reaction for visual detection of biogenic amines. Counterstaining is achieved by addition of the fluorescent dye malachite green to the sucrose-phosphate-glyoxylic acid (SPG) solution used for processing of cryostat sections of unfixed tissues. When bound to tissues, the dye provides red-orange fluorescence of background tissue, which contrasts well with the green to yellow fluorescence induced by the glyoxylic acid reaction product formed with biogenic amines. The counterstaining technique is demonstrated in a number of catecholamine-containing peripheral tissues and is compared to sections that were processed without counterstaining.
Analog mixed-signal circuits in advanced nano-scale CMOS technology for microprocessors and SoCs

Scaling of CMOS technology has made major innovations in the last decade with the introduction of strained silicon and high-k metal gate, however at the same time an increasing amount of complex analog mixed-signal circuit functionality has been integrated on microprocessors and SOCs. Examples of the key analog mixed-signal circuit functional blocks implemented in advanced 45nm and 32nm logic CMOS on microprocessors and SOCs are described. Techniques that overcome the challenges of the low supply voltage and dimensional scaling in 45 nm and 32nm CMOS include the use of the digital transistor for analog circuits, the use of “digital assist” logic for calibration and differential pair offset cancellation. The co-optimization of design techniques and process enhancements for high performance RF wireless circuits integrated on SOCs was employed to manage complexity and cost.
Epitaxially grown layered MFI-bulk MFI hybrid zeolitic materials.

The synthesis of hybrid zeolitic materials with complex micropore–mesopore structures and morphologies is an expanding area of recent interest for a number of applications. Here we report a new type of hybrid zeolite material, composed of a layered zeolite material grown epitaxially on the surface of a bulk zeolite material. Specifically, layered (2-D) MFI sheets were grown on the surface of bulk MFI crystals of different sizes (300 nm and 10 μm), thereby resulting in a hybrid material containing a unique morphology of interconnected micropores (∼0.55 nm) and mesopores (∼3 nm). The structure and morphology of this material, referred to as a “bulk MFI–layered MFI” (BMLM) material, was elucidated by a combination of XRD, TEM, HRTEM, SEM, TGA, and N2 physisorption techniques. It is conclusively shown that epitaxial growth of the 2-D layered MFI sheets occurs in at least two principal crystallographic directions of the bulk MFI crystal and possibly in the third direction as well. The BMLM material combines th...
The effects of vicarious experience on pain termination and work avoidance: a replication.

Abstract Clinical research suggests that vicarious experience plays an important role in the development of pain behavior but only one experimental study has shown that prior exposure to a model's reaction to a pain stimulus affects a subject's subsequent reaction to that stimulus. The purpose of the present investigation was to replicate this experimental study. Twenty-two experimental subjects viewed a film of a model in pain who either terminated a work task quickly (high-avoidant) or not quickly (low-avoidant). Subjects then performed the same work task while exposed to the same pain stimulus. The results indicated that subjects exposed to the high-avoidant model tolerated the pain stimulus for significantly fewer seconds and did significantly less work compared to the low-avoidant model subjects. As predicted, no group differences were observed on work speed or work accuracy. The results provide further evidence for the role of vicarious processes in the development of reactions to painful stimuli.
DNA polymerase eta undergoes alternative splicing, protects against UV sensitivity and apoptosis, and suppresses Mre11-dependent recombination.

Polymerase eta (pol eta) is a low-fidelity DNA polymerase that is the product of the gene, POLH, associated with the human XP variant disorder in which there is an extremely high level of solar-induced skin carcinogenesis. The complete human genomic sequence spans about 40 kb containing 10 coding exons and a cDNA of 2.14 kb; exon I is untranslated and is 6 kb upstream from the first coding exon. Using bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs), the gene was mapped to human chromosome band 6p21 and mouse band 17D. The gene is expressed in most tissues, except for very low or undetectable levels in peripheral lymphocytes, fetal spleen, and adult muscle; exon II, however, is frequently spliced out in normal cells and in almost half the transcripts in the testis and fetal liver. Expression of POLH in a multicopy episomal vector proved nonviable, suggesting that overexpression is toxic. Expression from chromosomally integrated linear copies using either an EF1-alpha or CMV promoter was functional, resulting in cell lines with low or high levels of pol eta protein, respectively. Point mutations in the center of the gene and in a C-terminal cysteine and deletion of exon II resulted in inactivation, but addition of a terminal 3 amino acid C-terminal tag, or an N- or C-terminal green fluorescent protein, had no effect on function. A low level of expression of pol eta eliminated hMre11 recombination and partially restored UV survival, but did not prevent UV-induced apoptosis, which required higher levels of expression. Polymerase eta is therefore involved in S-phase checkpoint and signal transduction pathways that lead to arrest in S, apoptosis, and recombination. In normal cells, the predominant mechanism of replication of UV damage involves pol eta-dependent bypass, and Mre11-dependent recombination that acts is a secondary, backup mechanism when cells are severely depleted of pol eta.
Trends in oolite dolomitization across the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian boundary: A case study from Death Valley, California

Abstract Changes in dolomite fabric within the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian stratigraphic succession in Death Valley, California preserve evidence for a first-order biogeochemical change in early diagenetic environments through the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian transition. Oolite forms the primary focus of the study so that the general paleoenvironmental setting and presumed susceptibility to early diagenesis and fluid flow can be kept relatively constant across geologic time. Two key generalizations can be made: (1) late Neoproterozoic dolomitization in Death Valley occurred very early in the paragenetic sequence, was volumetrically significant, and preserved fine detail of the original aragonite or calcite precursor; and (2) Early Cambrian dolomitization in Death Valley occurred late in the paragenetic sequence with burial, was commonly incomplete, and obliterated details of the calcite or aragonite precursor; early diagenetic dolomitization of any kind was absent. The dolomitization fabrics in Death Valley parallel the presumed pattern of seawater Mg/Ca with respect to mimetic dolomitization in the Paleozoic (low Mg/Ca, little/no mimetic dolomitization) and Cenozoic (higher Mg/Ca, more common mimetic dolomitization). However, the volume of Neoproterozoic mimetic dolomitization is immense compared to the Cenozoic examples. We speculate that a fundamental shift in the early diagenetic environment occurred in late Neoproterozoic time, perhaps in association with secular variation in the sulfate concentration of seawater and the advent and proliferation of penetrative bioturbation that destroyed sediment-capping microbial mats. An oscillatory trend in the fabric and volume of dolomite through the Phanerozoic has been suggested, but the termination of volumetrically significant mimetic dolomitization across the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian transition, a critical time in Earth history for many reasons, dwarfs the oscillatory trends noted in the Phanerozoic.
Time-resolved studies of dynamics of triplet state spectral diffusion in the presence of both orientational and substitutional disorders: binary solid solutions of 1-bromo-4-chloronaphthalene and 1,4-dibromonaphthalene

Abstract The dynamics of spectral diffusion is studied in the presence of both orientational and substitutional disorders at 4.2 and 1.8 K by time-resolved and site-selective excitation methods. The systems of study are different compositions of solid solutions of 1-bromo-4-chloronaphthalene (BCN) and 1,4-dibromonaphthalene (DBN). We used a wide range of concentrations within which the DBN crystal structure prevails. The phosphorescence of BCN is monitored as a function of the excitation energy (i.e. acceptor concentration). The site-selective experiments, along with the time-resolved studies, reveal that (i) the spectral diffusion is acceptor concentration dependent; at very low acceptor concentration the excitation is completely localized; (ii) as the excitation energy is increased, the onset of spectral diffusion is observed; (iii) above a critical acceptor concentration, the spectral diffusion rate increases rapidly. A theoretical analysis based on a kinetic model suggests that the results of both the site-selective excitation and the time-resolved experiments are consistent with a two-dimensional excitation exchange interaction mechanism.
Algorithms and Data Structures for Fast Surface Quality Estimation in Milling

New approaches for fast surface quality estimation in Milling are presented. Dimensional Error, Surface Roughness, and the 3D topological plots of the surfaces are generated. Calculation speed is improved by methods of structural organization and numerical optimizations. Structural organization enables program division into initialization and program-run segments for faster runs. Numerical optimizations are used to help further reduce the run time by reducing variable volume and avoiding unnecessary estimations. Experimental evaluation of the methods for Dimensional Error, Surface roughness and profiles are performed using three different cutting tool types (flat-end, ball-end and insert mills) in order to reveal strengths and weaknesses of the proposed approaches. Comparison of experimental and estimated surface profiles show good correlation. Typical surface profile estimation for one tool rotation takes between 0.04–4.1 seconds depending on the cut and whether or not the tool deflection is included in the algorithm. Surface quality estimation is done quickly enough to be promising for use in feedrate scheduling. Further improvement in the tool deflection model is expected to increase accuracy and further reduce the computational time.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
The mass spectrometry of DT‐and monosubstituted biphenyls: Dependence of fragmentation patterns on position of substitution

This paper describes the mass spectroscopy of a series of biphenyl derivatives substituted in the 2,2′, 4,4′ and 2 positions. The substitutent functional groups are carbomethoxy, carbothoxy, carboxylic acid and hydroxymethyl. In addition, some results are reported on the spectroscopy of the d5-carboethoxy derivatives, the 2- and 2,2′-αd2- hydroxymethyl derivatives and fluorene-4-methanol. The molecular ions of the 4,4′-disubstituted biphenyl derivatives are far more stable than those of the 2,2′ isomers. It is also observed that the fragmentation patterns of these two sets of isomers are sharply different. Paradoxically, the 2-substituted biphenyl derivatives give relatively stable molecular ions and their fragmentation patterns are frequently different from those of the corresponding 2,2′-disubstituted biphenyls. The bulk of the evidence presented in this paper suggests that the usual sort of ‘ortho effect’ is not a significant factor in the fragmentation mechanisms proposed for the 2,2′-disubstituted biphenyl derivatives.
Effects of a Metronome on the Filled Pauses of Fluent Speakers

Filled pauses (the "ums" and "uhs" that litter spontaneous speech) seem to be a product of the speaker paying deliberate attention to the normally automatic act of talking. This is the same sort of...
Crystal growth in aqueous hydrofluoric acid and (HF)x · pyridine solutions: syntheses and crystal structures of [Ni(H2O)6]2+[MF6]2- (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) and Ni3(py)12F6 · 7H2O

Abstract The syntheses and structures of [Ni(H2O)6]2+[MF6]2− (M = Ti,Zr,Hf) and Ni3(py)12F6·7H2O are reported. The former three compounds are isostructural, crystallizing in the trigonal space group R 3 (No. 148) with Z = 3. The lattice parameters are a = 9.489(4), c = 9.764(7) A , with V = 761(1) A3 for Ti; a = 9.727(2), c = 10.051(3) A, with V = 823.6(6) A3 for Zr; and a = 9.724(3), c = 10.028(4)A, with V = 821.2(8)A3 for Hf. The structures consist of discrete [Ni(H2O)6]2+ and [MF6]2− octahedra joined by OH⋯F hydrogen bond Large single crystals were grown in an aqueous hydrofluoric acid solution. Ni3(py)12F6·7H2O crystallizes in the monoclinic space group I2/a (No. 15) with Z = 4. The lattice parameters are a = 16.117(4), b = 8.529(3), c = 46.220(7) A , β = 92.46(2)°, and V = 6348(5) A 3 . The structure consists of discrete Ni(py)4F2 octahedra linked through HOH⋯F and HOH⋯O hydrogen bonding interactions. Single c were grown from a (HF)x·pyridine/pyridine/water solution.
Animal models of steatohepatitis.

Abstract Animal models of hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis have improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Three models, genetically obese ob/ob mice, lipoatrophic mice and normal rats fed choline-deficient, methionine-restricted diets, have been particularly informative. All support the multiple ‘hit’ hypothesis for NAFLD pathogenesis that suggests that fatty livers are unusually vulnerable to oxidants and develop steatohepatitis when secondary insults generate sufficient oxidants to cause liver cell death and inflammation. Steatohepatitis, in turn, increases sensitivity to other insults that induce hepatic fibrosis, promoting the evolution of cirrhosis. Early during NAFLD pathogenesis, inhibitor kappa kinase beta (IKKβ), an enzyme that induces tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and other proinflammatory cytokines, is activated and this causes insulin resistance. Inhibition of IKKβ or TNFα improves insulin sensitivity, steatosis and steatohepatitis in animals, suggesting novel strategies to prevent and treat early NAFLD in humans.
A Technique for Elective Splenectomy of Equidae Using a Transthoracic Approach

Splenectomy was performed electively on 80 ponies, horses, and donkeys for preparation in collecting Babesia antigens. Access to the abdomen was by resection of the sixteenth left rib and incision of the diaphragm. The technique afforded good exposure of the splenic vessels and attachments. Closure was facilitated by preservation of the periosteum of the resected rib. Difficulty was encountered both in surgical technique and postoperative complications in obese animals. The transthoracic approach was found to be a useful technique for equine splenectomy.
On the structure of supersonic flow

Die im Grossen invarianten Eigenschaften von Wellenfronten, Zweig- und Grenzlinien in der ebenen, stetigen, wirbelfreien und isentropischen Stromung idealer Gase werden diskutiert.
Calorimetrically measured half-life of thulium-170

A half-life of 128 ± 1 days for thulium-170 was determined calorimetrically. Two 170Tm sources of about 1 W each were measured for 140 days. The sources were produced by neutron irradiation of 169Tm2O3 wafers, to a specific power of ∼ 2 W/g. The absence of interfering radio-isotopes was verified by gamma and mass spectrometry.
On the theory and potential of LRU-MRU collaborative cache management

The goal of cache management is to maximize data reuse. Collaborative caching provides an interface for software to communicate access information to hardware. In theory, it can obtain optimal cache performance.In this paper, we study a collaborative caching system that allows a program to choose different caching methods for its data. As an interface, it may be used in arbitrary ways, sometimes optimal but probably suboptimal most times and even counter productive. We develop a theoretical foundation for collaborative caches to show the inclusion principle and the existence of a distance metric we call LRU-MRU stack distance. The new stack distance is important for program analysis and transformation to target a hierarchical collaborative cache system rather than a single cache configuration. We use 10 benchmark programs to show that optimal caching may reduce the average miss ratio by 24%, and a simple feedback-driven compilation technique can utilize collaborative cache to realize 50% of the optimal improvement.
Changing Services and Space at an Academic Library

ABSTRACT This paper focuses on how an academic library managed changes in services and space to meet customer needs for streamlined services, increasing efficiency for students, faculty and staff in finding, analyzing, sharing, and producing knowledge. The Ohio State University's John A. Prior Health Sciences Library (PHSL) has merged its circulation and reference desks into one service point, added technology-based services, updated software and hardware on public workstations, and placed more emphasis on a variety of educational offerings. These changes save customers' time and effort by minimizing the need to obtain assistance at multiple service points. This paper provides a review of resulting improvements and customers' use of services and spaces.
Community-based nursing: continence care for older rural women.

Abstract The current emphasis on community-based health care makes necessary the implementation and evaluation of nursing practice models that address specific health problems, such as urinary incontinence, of older women living at home in rural communities.
The benefits of exercise in geriatric women.

Women 65 years of age and older are the fastest growing segment of the population. As women age, physical inactivity is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality due to coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. There is also a loss of both physiologic and psychological capabilities that contributes to an overall reduction in function and independent living. Regular physical activity in geriatric women has been shown to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality. Further research needs to be done to evaluate the role of regular physical activity in the management of diabetes and hyperlipidemia.
Anatase TiO2 nanoparticle coating on barium ferrite using titanium bis-ammonium lactato dihydroxide and its use as a magnetic photocatalyst

Photoactive anatase TiO2 nanoparticles with a size less than 10 nm were coated on barium ferrite forming complete coverage by the controlled hydrolysis and condensation of titanium bis-ammonium lactato dihydroxide in the presence of polyethyleneimine at a relatively low temperature (95 °C). The as-prepared composite particles (hard magnetic barium ferrite (core)−anatase TiO2 nanoparticles (shell)) can be utilized as a magnetic photocatalyst, which can be fluidized and recovered by an applied magnetic field enhancing both the separation and mixing efficiency for remediating fluids. The morphology of composite particles was characterized with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The crystalline structure of TiO2 was characterized by X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy was utilized for the elemental analysis of the products. The as-prepared TiO2−barium ferrite composite has higher photocatalytic activities than the TiO2−barium ferrite compo...
The Next American Frontier/Industrial Renaissance: Producing a Competitive Future for America/The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry

The article presents reviews of several books on business, including “The Next American Frontier,” by Robert Reich, “Industrial Renaissance: Producing a Competitive Future for America,” by William J. Abernathy, Kim B. Clark and Alan M. Kantrow, and “The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry,” by Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison.
Short-term industry output behavior: an econometric analysis

Econometric analysis of short-term industry output and inventory behavior has used one of three alternative specifications: (a) the linear decision rule (LDR) approach based on an optimizing hypothesis e.g. cost minimization or profit maximization, (b) the stock adjustment approach based on production variations in response to business cycles, capacity adjustments and seasonality factors and (c) the recursive approach based on a causal-chain interpretation of the dependence of output, inventory and unfilled orders. Thus the LDR approach [2,3,6,9,10] in its different variants has empirical relevance of forecast variables like future order rates along with lagged values of production and inventory level, whereas the stock adjustment approach [1,13] demonstrates the nonlinear relationships between sales fluctuations and production decisions through estimates of piece-wise linear functions showing the effects of cyclical fluctuations and capacity variations. The recursive approach [20] considers however a specific form of the simultaneous equations model containing the endogenous variables: output, inventory and unfilled orders such that the interdependence between the three LDR for output, inventory and unfilled order is limited.
CAN THE PHYSICALIST EXPLAIN COLOUR STRUCTURE IN TERMS OF COLOUR EXPERIENCE? 1

Physicalism about colour is the thesis that colours are identical with response-independent, physical properties of objects. I endorse the Argument from Structure against Physicalism about colour. The argument states that Physicalism cannot accommodate certain obvious facts about colour structure: for instance, that red is a unitary colour while purple is a binary colour, and that blue resembles purple more than green. I provide a detailed formulation of the argument. According to the most popular response to the argument, the Physicalist can accommodate colour structure by explaining it in terms of colour experience. I argue that this response fails. Along the way, I examine other interesting issues in the philosophy of colour and colour perception, for instance the relational structure of colour experience and the description theory of how colour names refer.
The place and power of civic space: Reading globalization and social geography through the lens of civilizational conflict

(1998). The place and power of civic space: Reading globalization and social geography through the lens of civilizational conflict. Security Studies: Vol. 8, The Origins of National Interests, pp. 35-70.
Removal of a bristle from a child's tongue base using intraoperative fluoroscopy

Summary We present an unusual case of a metallic barbecue brush bristle embedded in the oropharyngeal tissues of a healthy 11-year-old girl. The case is interesting because the foreign body was extremely tiny but very symptomatic, and required a specific intraoperative technique for removal. To date, this is the first reported case using intraoperative fluoroscopy radiography for the removal of a foreign body in the oropharynx of a pediatric patient. Current methods of removal and a protocol for successful removal are discussed.
Pheromone‐mediated optomotor anemotaxis and altitude control exhibited by male oriental fruit moths in the field

. In the field over short grass, pheromone-stimulated oriental fruit moth males, Grapholita molesta (Busck), flying under high windspeeds tended to steer courses more into the wind and to increase their airspeeds compared with those flying in low windspeeds.Thus, optomotor anemotaxis enabled the males to steer relatively consistent upwind track angles and to maintain an upwind progress of between c. 50–100 cm/s despite variable wind velocities.Zigzagging flight tracks were observed at both 10 m and 3 m from the source, as were tracks with no apparent zigzags.Transitions from casting to upwind flight or vice-versa were observed.The durations of the intervals between reversals during both upwind zigzagging flight and casting were consistent with those observed in previous wind-tunnel experiments.The control of altitude was more precise during upwind zigzagging flight than during casting.In general, the side-to-side deviations in the tracks were greater than the up-and-down deviations, with both the side-to-side and vertical distances and their ratios being consistent with previous wind-tunnel studies of pheromone-mediated flight.One difference between the field and laboratory flight tracks was that males in the field exhibited much higher airspeeds than in the wind tunnel.Males occasionally were observed to progress downwind faster than the wind itself, and further analysis showed that they were steering a downwind course in pheromone-free air following exposure to pheromone, which is the first time this has been recorded in moths.We propose that such downwind flight may aid in the relocation of a pheromone plume that has been lost due to a wind-shift, by enabling the moth to catch up to the pheromone as it recedes straight downwind away from the source.
Covert SE: Teaching SE in a Disciplinary Context

Most INCOSE members agree, systems engineering is not just for systems engineers. But if systems engineering belongs in the disciplinary engineers toolkit, how should it be taught? This paper describes the authors observations in teaching systems engineering within a disciplinary context, and in particular in trying to make it a normal part of that disciplinary practice. Thus “covert SE” refers to the use and teaching of systems engineering methods without calling them by that name. In the authors experience systems methods apply to disciplinary engineering, but their teaching and application is not simple and is not without problems. The persistent nature of some of the problems suggests that the remedy is only partially in better materials, but also partially in rethinking the value of certain methods.
Temperature Effects on Bradyrhizobium spp. Growth and Symbiotic Effectiveness with Pigeonpea and Cowpea

ABSTRACT Temperature is a limiting factor on legume-Bradyrhizobium symbiosis of subtropical plants in the temperate region. Twelve strains of Bradyrhizobium spp. that nodulate pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp], and cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp], were evaluated for tolerance to three temperature regimes (20°C/10°C, 30°C/20°C, and 38°C/25°C day/night temperature) by determining their growth following exposure to the regimes. The five most temperature-tolerant strains were further evaluated for symbiotic effectiveness with pigeonpea and cowpea under controlled temperatures. These strains were USDA 3278, USDA 3362, USDA 3364, USDA 3458, and USDA 3472. Plant heights of both crops were generally independent of Bradyrhizobium strains and were dependent mainly on temperature regimes. Plant heights were the shortest at the lowest temperature. At the lowest temperature regime, biological nitrogen (N) fixation by pigeonpea was almost completely inhibited. Cowpea genotype IT82E-16 inoculated with USDA 3458...
RNA editing (Q/R site) and flop/flip splicing of AMPA receptor transcripts in young and old brains ☆

The effects of aging on the efficiency of RNA processing of AMPA glutamate receptor (GluR) subunits GluR1, GluR2, and GluR 3 was examined for RNA editing at the Q/R site of GluR2 and for alternative splicing of the flip or flop exons for GluR1-3. RNA isolated from six young (3 months old) and old (22-23 months old) animals was reverse-transcribed for PCR and restriction endonuclease analyses to distinguish between edited forms of GluR2 and flip/flop isoforms of GluR1-3. Unedited transcripts of GluR2 at the Q/R site (which controls calcium permeability) were not detected (at the limit of detection of >/= 2.5%) from the corticies and hippocampi of young and old animals. Distribution of flop/flip isoforms in the cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and striatum varied between GluR subunits and brain region, with GluR2 showing the greatest differences. However, no differences in alternative splicing of GluRs 1-3 were observed between young and old animals, suggesting that the fidelity of GluR transcript processing remains intact in the brains of aged animals.
Fuzzy control of electricity storage unit for Energy Management of Micro-Grids

A Fuzzy Logic-based framework is proposed for control of Battery Storage Unit in Micro-Grid Systems to achieve Efficient Energy Management. Typically, a Micro-Grid system operates synchronously with the main grid and also has the ability to operate independently from the main power grid in an islanded mode. Distributed renewable energy generators including solar, wind in association with batteries and main grid supply power to the consumer in the Micro-Grid network. The goal here is to control the amount of power delivered to/taken from the storage unit in order to improve a cost function, defined based on summation of payment required for purchasing power from main grid or profit obtained by selling power to the main grid and distribution power loss, through reasonable decision making using predetermined human reasoning-based fuzzy rules. Profiles of system variables such as Consumer's Load Demand, Electricity Price Rate, and Renewable Electricity Generation Rate are assumed arbitrarily for obtaining general results. Measures of payment/profit will be extracted to compute amounts of cost and balance for the network which represent benefits of using Fuzzy logic for Storage Unit control with and without considering storage unit capacity limits. Simulation results are presented and discussed.
Biographical Feature: Raymond C. Bartlett, M.D.

As I began reviewing biographical information about Dr. Raymond C. Bartlett in preparation for writing this brief biographical feature, it suddenly occurred to me that this was a rare opportunity to think about the trajectory of my own career path and the influence that some of the visionary
Heat Transfer Analysis of a Closed Brayton Cycle Space Radiator

This paper presents a mathematical analysis of the heat transfer processes taking place in a radiator for a closed cycle gas turbine (CCGT), also referred to as a Closed Brayton Cycle (CBC) space power system. The resulting equations and relationships have been incorporated into a radiator sub-routine of a numerical triple objective CCGT optimization program to determine operating conditions yielding maximum cycle efficiency, minimum radiator area and minimum overall systems mass. Study results should be of interest to numerical modeling of closed cycle Brayton space power systems and to the design of fluid cooled radiators in general.
The Effectiveness of a Career Decision-Making Course

This study examined the effectiveness of a college career course designed to increase career decision-making confidence and facilitate career exploration. Participants were 73 students from a large Midwestern university (65.6% women, 34.4% men, mean age 18.56). Students were given questionnaires assessing career decision-making difficulties, career decision-making self-efficacy, and perception of career and educational barriers during the first and fifteenth weeks of the course. Repeated measures analyses were conducted to examine possible differences in students' responses before and after the course. Results indicated that on completion of the course students' career decision-making difficulties decreased, career self-efficacy increased, and perceptions of barriers did not change.
Multi-material 3D Models for Temporal Bone Surgical Simulation.

Hypothesis:A simulated, multicolor, multi-material temporal bone model can be created using 3-dimensional (3D) printing that will prove both safe and beneficial in training for actual temporal bone surgical cases.Background:As the process of additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, has become more practical and affordable, a number of applications for the technology in the field of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery have been considered. One area of promise is temporal bone surgical simulation.Methods:Three-dimensional representations of human temporal bones were created from temporal bone computed tomography (CT) scans using biomedical image processing software. Multi-material models were then printed and dissected in a temporal bone laboratory by attending and resident otolaryngologists. A 5-point Likert scale was used to grade the models for their anatomical accuracy and suitability as a simulation of cadaveric and operative temporal bone drilling.Results:The models produced for this study demonstrate...
Factors that determine false recall: a multiple regression analysis.

In the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm, subjects study lists of words that are designed to elicit the recall of an associatively related critical item. The 55 lists we have developed provide levels of false recall ranging from .01 to .65, and understanding this variability should provide a key to understanding this memory illusion. Using a simultaneous multiple regression analysis, we assessed the contribution of seven factors in creating false recall of critical items in the DRM paradigm. This analysis accounted for approximately 68% of the variance in false recall, with two main predictors: associative connections from the study words to the critical item (r = +.73; semipartial r = +.60) and recallability of the lists (r = -.43; semipartial r = -.34). Taken together, the variance in false recall captured by these predictors accounted for 84% of the variance that can be explained, given the reliability of the false recall measures (r = .90). Therefore, the results of this analysis strongly constrain theories of false memory in this paradigm, suggesting that at least two factors determine the propensity of DRM lists to elicit false recall. The results fit well within the theoretical framework postulating that both semantic activation of the critical item and strategic monitoring processes influence the probability of false recall and false recognition in this paradigm.
Creating a Drosophila wing de novo, the role of engrailed, and the compartment border hypothesis

Anterior/posterior compartment borders bisect every Drosophila imaginal disc, and the engrailed gene is essential for their function. We analyzed the role of the engrailed and invected genes in wing discs by eliminating or increasing their activity. Removing engrailed/invected from posterior wing cells created two new compartments: an anterior compartment consisting of mutant cells and a posterior compartment that grew from neighboring cells. In some cases, these compartments formed a complete new wing. Increasing engrailed activity also affected patterning. These findings demonstrate that engrailed both directs the posterior compartment pathway and creates the compartment border. These findings also establish the compartment border as the pre-eminent organizational feature of disc growth and patterning.
The cognitive revolution: a historical perspective

Cognitive science is a child of the 1950s, the product of a time when psychology, anthropology and linguistics were redefining themselves and computer science and neuroscience as disciplines were coming into existence. Psychology could not participate in the cognitive revolution until it had freed itself from behaviorism, thus restoring cognition to scientific respectability. By then, it was becoming clear in several disciplines that the solution to some of their problems depended crucially on solving problems traditionally allocated to other disciplines. Collaboration was called for: this is a personal account of how it came about.
Assessing Self-Regulation in the Classroom: Validation of the BIS-11 and the BRIEF in Low-Income, Ethnic Minority School-Age Children.

Research Findings: At present, few resources are available to researchers, teachers, and practitioners who wish to quickly and reliably assess children's self-regulation within the classroom context, and particularly within settings serving low-income and ethnic minority children. This paper explores the psychometric properties of a teacher-report composite of 2 clinical measures of self-regulation—the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (version 11; BIS-11) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF)—in a sample of low-income African American and Hispanic children. Results of factor analyses revealed a 2-factor solution for the composite measure formed from the BIS-11 and the BRIEF that corresponded to the latent domains of cognitive and behavioral self-regulation. The composite scale was found to have high internal consistency, reliability, and concurrent validity compared to a previously validated measure of teacher-rated inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. In addition, results of mu...
Disability Culture or Disability Consciousness

“Disability culture” has become a taken-for-granted phenomenon in the disability community. Here I argue that this usage of the concept of culture does not fit anthropological definitions. Rather, I suggest that the concept of collective consciousness better describes what is occurring in the disability community than does the term disability culture. While a culture functions to maintain the social order, a collective consciousness impels the actions which comprise social movements. Disability consciousness impels the social movement actions which are occurring within the disability community at this time. The distinction has implications for the process of policymaking, as well as for its content. Disability culture has become a frame around which disability consciousness can be built, and it will be judged by the success of the social movement it has engendered.
Cellular Fluorescent Indicators and Voltage/Ion Probe Reader (VIPR TM ): Tools for Ion Channel and Receptor Drug Discovery

High throughput functional assays are increasingly relied upon to generate early and novel discovery leads for drug development. Ion transport proteins including channels, transporters, and pumps play central roles in cellular bioenergetics, excitability, and a multitude of other biological functions. Facile, robust methods for detecting ion transport activity in both native and heterologous systems is desirable for rapid functional analysis and drug discovery for these difficult but important targets. Here we discuss cell-compatible fluorescent probes, functional assays, and VIPR instrumentation that are used to monitor real-time target activity and screen large chemical libraries for potent and selective modulators. Advances and issues for both exogenously applied and fluorescent protein probes of cellular membrane potential, Ca2+, Cl-, and pH are addressed. High throughput screening (HTS) compatible, rapid kinetic and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays are emphasized, in particular the use of voltage-sensitive FRET probes to assay ion channel activity in single cells and 96/384-well formats.
Effects of propranolol and pindolol on cardiac output during extended periods of low-intensity physical activity.

Abstract The effects of a nonselective β-adrenergic blocking agent with (pindolol) and without (propranolol) intrinsic sympathomimetic activity properties, compared with placebo-controlled conditions, on metabolic and cardiorespiratory function during long-duration (2 hours) physical activity were examined. After initial cardiorespiratory testing, subjects performed 2-hour walks at 25 and 45% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) under each of the following 3 treatments: pindolol, propranolol and placebo. Medication distribution was randomized and double-blinded. A supine resting blood pressure and electrocardiogram were obtained before each exercise trial. Oxygen consumption, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output and blood pressure were determined after 5 minutes of quiet sitting and every 30 minutes during each 2-hour exercise trial. Cardiac output was not significantly different at rest or during exercise, comparing pindolol and propranolol with placebo conditions. Cardiac output tended to decrease over time earlier during propranolol treatment for the 25% VO2max trials in trained normotensive subjects than for the other treatments. Cardiac output decreased at approximately the same time across treatments during the 45% VO2max trials in trained normotensive and untrained hypertensive groups. Finally, owing to the observation that a reduction in cardiac output was delayed or prevented in trained normotensive subjects when compared with that in untrained hypertensives while exercising at 25% VO2max, developing a subject's cardiovascular fitness level may be important in the maintenance of cardiac output during extended periods of low-tomoderate physical activities while under the influence of β-adrenergic blockade.
A Health Policy Model of CKD: 1. Model Construction, Assumptions, and Validation of Health Consequences

Background A cost-effectiveness model that accurately represents disease progression, outcomes, and associated costs is necessary to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of interventions for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Study Design We developed a microsimulation model of the incidence, progression, and treatment of CKD. The model was validated by comparing its predictions with survey and epidemiologic data sources. Setting & Population US patients. Model, Perspective, & Timeframe The model follows up disease progression in a cohort of simulated patients aged 30 until age 90 years or death. The model consists of 7 mutually exclusive states representing no CKD, 5 stages of CKD, and death. Progression through the stages is governed by a person's glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria status. Diabetes, hypertension, and other risk factors influence CKD and the development of CKD complications in the model. Costs are evaluated from the health care system perspective. Intervention Usual care, including incidental screening for persons with diabetes or hypertension. Outcomes Progression to CKD stages, complications, and mortality. Results The model provides reasonably accurate estimates of CKD prevalence by stage. The model predicts that 47.1% of 30-year-olds will develop CKD during their lifetime, with 1.7%, 6.9%, 27.3%, 6.9%, and 4.4% ending at stages 1-5, respectively. Approximately 11% of persons who reach stage 3 will eventually progress to stage 5. The model also predicts that 3.7% of persons will develop end-stage renal disease compared with an estimate of 3.0% based on current end-stage renal disease lifetime incidence. Limitations The model synthesizes data from multiple sources rather than a single source and relies on explicit assumptions about progression. The model does not include acute kidney failure. Conclusion The model is well validated and can be used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of CKD interventions. The model also can be updated as better data for CKD progression become available.
Efficiencies of forestry best management practices for reducing sediment and nutrient losses in the eastern United States

Quantifying the effects of forestry best management practices (BMPs) on sediment and nutrient loads is a critical need. Through an exhaustive literature search, three paired forested watershed studies in the eastern United States were found that permitted the calculation of BMP efficiencies--the percent reduction in sediment or nutrients achieved by BMPs. For sediment, BMP efficiencies ranged from 53 to 94% during harvest and up to 1 year after harvesting. For nutrients, BMP efficiencies were higher for total nitrogen (60-80%) and phosphorus (85-86%), which included particulate and sediment-bound forms, than for nitrate-nitrogen (12%), which occurs primarily in the dissolved phase. Results indicate forestry BMPs can significantly reduce sediment and nutrient loads; however, BMPs appear to be more effective at reducing pollutants associated with surface runoff than with subsurface flow.
Reliable multicast network transport for distributed virtual simulation

This paper addresses the need for reliable multicast (RM) network support for the class of distributed virtual simulations (DVS) that operate with human participants who experience a virtual representation in real time, for example DIS and real-time HLA federations. The need for RM in DVS is explained. The state of reliable multicast networking is explained and typical mechanisms for providing it are described. There is no general solution to RM; all existing RM protocols take advantage of some aspect of their application domain for successful function. Aspects of the DVS domain that lend themselves to providing RM are described, along with an approach to RM for DVS that has been prototyped successfully in the Selectively Reliable Transport Protocol (SRTP). The workings of SRTP are described, including its application to DIS and real-time HLA. SRTP enables efficient use of network-level multicast, and as such represents an advance over the multicast emulation that is used in the Run Time Infrastructure (RTI) created for the Synthetic Theater of War (STOW). In conclusion, ongoing work and potential future improvements to SRTP RM are described.
Deep Flow along the Western Boundary South of the Blake Bahama Outer Ridge

Abstract In June–July 1990, hydrographic, chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), and velocity observations were taken along the western boundary of the North Atlantic south of the Blake Bahama Outer Ridge from 30° to 24°N between the northern Bahamas and 71°W. The deep flow in the region, associated with the deep western boundary current, forms a pattern of strong, narrow currents and cyclonic gyres close to the continental slope with broad, slower southward flow offshore. The CFCs reveal that the most recently “ventilated” water (i.e., having the highest CFC concentrations due to more recent contact with the atmosphere in the northern North Atlantic) is found along the western boundary in two distinct cores between potential temperatures 4°–6°C and 1.9°–2.4°C. Geostrophic transport streamlines were constructed for the deep flow, referenced using direct velocity observations at 26.5°N and assuming mass conservation between closed areas bounded by the hydrographic sections. The tracers and transports are used together ...