cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surface engineered porous silicon for stable, high performance electrochemical supercapacitors

Silicon materials remain unused for supercapacitors due to extreme reactivity of silicon with electrolytes. However, doped silicon materials boast a low mass density, excellent conductivity, a controllably etched nanoporous structure, and combined earth abundance and technological presence appealing to diverse energy storage frameworks. Here, we demonstrate a universal route to transform porous silicon (P-Si) into stable electrodes for electrochemical devices through growth of an ultra-thin, conformal graphene coating on the P-Si surface. This graphene coating simultaneously passivates surface charge traps and provides an ideal electrode-electrolyte electrochemical interface. This leads to 10–40X improvement in energy density, and a 2X wider electrochemical window compared to identically-structured unpassivated P-Si. This work demonstrates a technique generalizable to mesoporous and nanoporous materials that decouples the engineering of electrode structure and electrochemical surface stability to engineer performance in electrochemical environments. Specifically, we demonstrate P-Si as a promising new platform for grid-scale and integrated electrochemical energy storage.
Microwave absorption and molecular structure in liquids. XL. The dielectric relaxation of a polyester of 1,2-propylene glycol and adipic acid in solution†

The dielectric constants and losses have been measured at 20°C. and wavelengths of 1.25, 3.22, 10.0, 25, and 50 cm., and 575 m. for a series of dilute benzene solutions of a polyester of 1,2-propylene glycol and adipic acid with molecular weight between 5,000 and 7,000. The dielectric constant and loss values are plotted against the weight concentrations of the solute and the slopes of the straight lines thus obtained are examined by four different methods of analysis. The data may be represented in terms of two parameters, a most probable relaxation time and a distribution factor, two relaxation times, or a distribution of relaxation times between two limiting values. The values obtained for the relaxation times are close to those previously found for long-chain fatty acid esters and correspond to relaxation by twisting of short segments containing carboxy groups around bonds in the chain. A value 1.57 × 10—18 obtained for the effective dipole moment of the COOC group as compared to 1.9 × 10—18 in a small monoester indicates some restriction of rotation around the bonds because of mutual repulsion between the polar groups.
Localized hyperthermia adjuvant to irradiation in superficial recurrent carcinomas: A preliminary report on 46 patients☆

Abstract The pilot study using externally applied microwave (2450 MHz) in concert with surface heating (44°C water bag) has accrued 46 patients and treated 59 areas. Intralesional probe measurements have documented effectiveness (41°C or beyond) to a depth of 3.0 cm, while most superficial tumor nodules (0–2.0 cm thick) easily achieve a temperature of 42.5–43.5°C maintained for 30–40 minutes twice weekly for 6–8 sessions. This heat program, given as an adjuvant to electron beam irradiation (600–800 rad/week for 3–4 weeks) has resulted in a 50% complete response rate among the 32 evaluable patients who completed this combined modality program. The highest responses were achieved among recurrent superficial tumor masses secondary to breast adenocarcinoma (815 complete response) and within deposits of melanoma. This pilot information has been sufficiently encouraging to justify plans for deep heating of advanced, inoperable primary tumor in which less than a 50% local control can be achieved using all existing cancer modalities (chemotherapy and radiation).
Legislating equity: A comparison of provincial legislation in manitoba and ontario requiring pay equity

A great deal of activity is currently underway in Canada surrounding pay equity. Several provinces have passed legislation requiring some form of assessment or implementation of equity for public and/or private sector employers. However, definitions of what constitutes equity have not been consistent across provinces. Differing provisions have quite different implications for the overall equity of the results. Analysis of these implications are useful for policy makers designing assessments and implementation projects. The paper examines the legislation in Manitoba and Ontario in terms of how each provides for equity. Each piece of legislation contains provisions which may compromise the resulting equity, either in the way gender-domination is defined, the way comparable worth is estimated, or the way equity is achieved. The lessons to be learned (or re-learned) from these provisions are detailed.
The inpatriation of foreign healthcare workers: a potential remedy for the chronic shortage of professional staff

Abstract The healthcare industry has been racked with inadequate supply of professionals in key positions in the last decade. Healthcare providers have attempted to address this complex problem in a variety of ways. One strategy that has recently gained a great deal of attention has been the recruiting of foreign healthcare providers to relocate/immigrate to the US. While this strategy has had mixed results, it is forecasted that the shortage of healthcare professionals will necessitate healthcare providers to continue this practice and to develop a means to improve the success rate of these professional transplants. This paper addresses the concept of inpatriation of professional employees from foreign countries into the healthcare system in the US.
Resistance to Organophosphorus Compounds in the Two-spotted Spider Mite: Two Different Mechanisms of Resistance

IT is known that a number of spider mite populations can develop a high degree of resistance against organo-phosphorus compounds1–3. The mechanism of organo-phosphorus-resistance has been extensively examined in insect species, and enough evidence has accumulated to indicate that many strains of resistant insects developed abilities to detoxify the organophosphorus compounds by which they have been selected4,5. In no case, however, has it been shown that treatments with organophosphorus compounds resulted in a selection of individuals with a modified cholinesterase (ChE), which is known to be the actual target of organophosphorus poisoning.
Groups Generated by a Class of Elements of Order 3.

Abstract : The Conway group which is the group of automorphisms of the 24 dimensional Leech lattice is generated by a class of elements of order 3 with the property that any two of them either commute or generate SL2(3), SL2(5) or the alternating groups A4, A5 which are isomorphic to SL2(3) and SL2(5) modulo a center of order 2. Such a class of order 3 is also a special case of John Thompson's Quadratic pairs for the prime 3. The paper is restricted to elements of order 3 in which any two either commute, generate A4 or SL2(3). It is possible to describe these groups completely. (Author)
Alcohol and HIV decrease proteasome and immunoproteasome function in macrophages: implications for impaired immune function during disease

Proteasomes (proteinase complexes, PR) and immunoproteasomes (IPR) degrade damaged proteins and affect protein processing required for antigen presentation by mononuclear phagocytes. These critical immune processes are attenuated during progressive HIV-1 infection and are affected by alcohol abuse. To investigate the mechanisms underlying these functional changes, we measured PR and CYP2E1 activities [an ethanol (EtOH) metabolizing enzyme] and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) following HIV-1 infection and EtOH treatment. We observed progressive declines of PR activity and PR/IPR contents in HIV-1-infected MDM. PR activity and IPR expression increased after IFN-γ stimulation but reduced after HIV-1 infection. EtOH inhibited both IFN-γ-induced PR and IPR. Paradoxically, EtOH attenuated PR catalytic activity in infected MDM and suppressed viral replication. Elevated ROS followed EtOH exposure and paralleled decreased PR activity. The latter was restored by anti-oxidant. The data support the notion that HIV-1 infection and EtOH may work in concert to affect immune function including antigen presentation and thereby affect disease progression.
Species interactions in green roof vegetation suggest complementary planting mixtures

Abstract Facilitation between species could be used to increase the number of plant species that can survive on an extensive green roof. Green roofs are associated with high substrate temperatures and water loss which can lead to plant death. Therefore, species that are known to cool substrate temperatures and reduce water loss may be able to act as facilitators. Three drought tolerant, mat-forming species native to Nova Scotia were tested. Species included Cladonia spp. (lichen), Polytrichum commune (acrocarpous moss), and Danthonia spicata (bunchgrass). The target species was the forb Solidago bicolor . Additional neighbour treatments included an artificial plant, conspecific neighbours ( S. bicolor surrounded by 8 S. bicolor ), and a no-neighbour control. This study was conducted over a two year period in green roof modules. Overall, none of the neighbour treatments appeared to facilitate the growth of S. bicolor species. However, the S. bicolor in both the moss and lichen treatments had similar growth measurements to the control, likely due to a mulching effect, an indication that these species can successfully co-exist. Additionally, the substrate temperature in the lichen and moss treatments was significantly cooler than the control. The bunchgrass treatment had a net competitive interaction with S. bicolor . However since no S. bicolor died in this treatment the smaller stature of the S. bicolor in these treatments may improve drought tolerance. Overall, the incorporation of functional diversity, especially varied growth forms, increases the diversity of green roofs potentially improving the resilience and performance of green roof systems over the long term.
Clinical Dietitians’ Activity Analysis in a Midwestern Community Hospital

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To identify the three groups of activities requiring the greatest percent of clinical dietitians' time. The objectives of this project were to identify activities performed by clinical dietitians in a mid-sized, community hospital in a midwestern state, recommend reassignment of activities to more appropriate staff or using other resources, and compare data collected by structured observation and self-reporting. The authors focused on work activity analysis using structured observation to provide in-depth data, although clinical dietitians' activities have been identified in several research studies utilizing survey methods. Three clinical registered dietitians were asked to record their activities for 15 consecutive working days. Using structured observation, the researcher also observed and recorded clinical dietitians' activities for either three or four of the 15 days. Activities, times for each activity, and diagnosis were recorded. The chi-square test for goodness-of-fit was used to determine if differences existed between data sets obtained by structured observation and by self-reporting. Analysis indicated that statistically significant differences existed. Structured observation results showed that clinical dietitians spent 52.3% of their time for client related activities, 22.4% for both forced and personal delays, 12.5% for administrative activities, 8.8% for transit, 4.0% for clerical activities and 0% for professional activities. Recommendations for reassignment of activities were suggested by clinical dietitians during interviews following data collection. Reassignment of non-clinical and low-risk clinical activities was recommended.
Quantitation of acute myocardial infarct size by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging has shown potential in the detection and characterisation of acute myocardial infarction in humans. This study was performed to evaluate the capability of NMR imaging in the measurement of infarct size in patients with recent myocardial infarction. Electrocardiograpic (ECG)-gated spinecho NMR imaging was performed in 26 patients a mean of 9 ± 3 days (range 5 to 20) after infarction. The imaging technique used provided single-slice, spin-echo (time to echo [TE] = 60 ms) images of the left ventricle in its true short axis, allowing direct correlation of NMR infarct location and size with the region of severe hypokinesia on left ventriculography. In all 20 patients with complete NMR studies, infarct location was correctly identified by using specific, objective criteria. The correlation between the mean infarct volume (29 ± 11 ml) and the quantitated left ventricular hypokinetic segment (7.1 ± 4.0 cm) was good (r = 0.84, p = 0.0002), suggesting that NMR imaging of the heart may have a role in the noninvasive assessment of myocardial infarct size in patients.
Fitness–related consequences of egg mass in nestling house wrens

The fitness-related consequences of egg mass, independent of confounding influences associated with parental quality, remain poorly understood for wild birds in general and for passerines in particular. We performed cross-fostering experiments to test the hypothesis that egg mass, independent of parental quality, is the primary determinant of fitness-related traits in nestling house wrens (Troglodytes aedon), an insectivorous passerine. Nestling mass was significantly correlated with the mass of the eggs from which nestlings hatched early but not late in the nestling period in early-season broods. In contrast, in late-season broods, nestling mass was correlated with egg mass until nestlings achieved asymptotic mass. Neither nestling growth nor survival to nest leaving was related to egg mass in either early- or late-season broods; however, nestlings in late-season broods grew more slowly than did nestlings in early-season broods. We propose that nestling mass and egg mass remained correlated throughout the nestling period in late-season broods because decreased arthropod food resources late in the breeding season constrain parents' ability to provision nestlings. We conclude that female house wrens in this population trade-off clutch size for greater egg mass to maximise reproductive success in late-season broods.
Energy resolutions of a position-sensitive NaI detector by Monte Carlo simulations

Abstract Characteristics of a NaI spectrometer designed for π ° and η° detection have been simulated using the electromagnetic shower code ACCEPT. The effects of intermodular steel walls and the NaI active converter on the overall energy resolution have been investigated.
Does it take four to tango? A comparative analysis of international collaboration on peacebuilding in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo

In the post-cold war era, the international community's attention shifted towards bringing an end to intrastate conflicts and reconstructing the post-conflict societies.1 In 1992, United Nations (U...
Inter- and Intra-Manufacturer Variability in Pharmaceutical Grades and Lots of Xanthan Gum

A pharmaceutical formulation typically contains one or more excipients in addition to the active pharmaceutical ingredient(s). Though excipients have been considered inert components of a formulation, variability in their properties has been shown to affect the performance of drug dosage forms and delivery systems. This study investigates the inter- and intra-manufacturer variability among different NF grades and lots of xanthan gum made by two manufacturers. As many formulators rely on compendial standards to monitor and control the variability of excipients, this study focuses on the adequacy of the NF specifications, in particular the viscosity specification, to discern the variability in solution properties of different pharmaceutical grades and lots of xanthan gum. All the grades and lots in this study were NF grade materials. Xanthan gum solutions were prepared in accordance with NF test methodology and were rheologically evaluated using a rotational rheometer. Both steady shear measurements and small amplitude oscillatory measurements were carried out on 1% w/w xanthan gum solutions. Results showed significant inter- and intra-manufacturer variability among the NF grades and lots of xanthan gum that was not reflected in the NF viscosity test specifications.
Surviving cancer, saving fertility: The promise of cryopreservation

Treatment of cancer by radiation or chemotherapy need not thwart a woman's ability to have children. While most approaches to maintaining ovarian function remain experimental, embryo—and, to some extent, oocyte—cryopreservation have delivered positive results.
Aging Reduces Total Neuron Number in the Dorsal Component of the Rodent Prefrontal Cortex

For many years, aging was thought to be accompanied by significant decreases in total neuron number across multiple brain regions. However, this view was revised with the advent of modern quantification methods, and it is now widely accepted that the hippocampus and many regions of the cortex show substantially preserved numbers of neurons during normal aging. Nonetheless, age-related changes in neuron number do occur in focal regions of the primate prefrontal cortex (PFC), but the question of whether age-related neuron loss is an exclusive characteristic of the PFC in primates remains relatively unexplored. To investigate the loss of neurons with normal aging in rodents, we used unbiased stereological methods to quantify the number of principal neurons and interneurons in the PFC of young and aged rats. We observed a significant age-related decline in the number of principal neurons in the dorsal PFC. The number of interneurons positively stained with antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 was also reduced in the dorsal PFC of aged rats. These observations indicate that the dorsal PFC is susceptible to neuron loss with aging in rodent brain and suggest some common basis for vulnerability in cortical circuits across species.
Measurement of the Interaction Between a Rotor Tip Vortex and a Cylinder

The transient interaction between a cylinder and the trailing vortex from a rotor in forward flight is studied. Phase-averaged laser velocimetry and surface pressure measurements made with flush-mounted microphones are used to study the velocity and pressure variations during such an interaction. Vorticity contours constructed from the velocity measurements exhibit the presence of a secondary structure with vorticity opposite in sense to that of the primary tip vortex. This structure moves rapidly around the tip vortex from upstream to downstream. The pressure variations caused by the tip vortex on the surface of the cylinder are smooth as the vortex core passes by, and no evidence is found of fine structure inside the vortex core region. After vortex interaction, the secondary structure causes large variations in the surface pressure before being dissipated. Calculations using measured vortex strength and speed data indicate that the distortions and deflections of the vortex immediately prior to impingement on the surface differ significantly from those computed using two-dimensional potential flow concepts. Nomenclature Cpu = unsteady pressure coefficient: difference between the instantaneous pressure and the local mean static pressure, normalized by the tunnel dynamic pressure R - rotor radius r = radial position along the rotor radius U = velocity component along the tunnel axis, positive going downstream Um = freestream velocity V = vertical velocity component, positive downward X = distance parallel to the tunnel axis, origin is at the rotor hub center Xb - distance parallel to the tunnel axis, measured from the nose of the cylinder Yb = distance along the lateral direction from the cylinder axis Zb = vertical distance from the cylinder axis, positive
The Bagrada Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): A New Invasive Pest of Cole Crops in Arizona and California

a)damaging emerging seedling and newly transplanted cole crops. By October, reports of the new stink bug damaging crops were widespread throughout Yuma, AZ, and the Imperial, Coachella, and Palo Verde Valleys of California. Adult specimens were collected and submitted to the California Department of Food and Agriculture where they were identified as
An obstruction to embedding a simplicial n-complex into a 2n-manifold

Abstract Let K be a finite, connected, simplicial n -complex ( n ⩾3) and M a 1-connected, smooth, orientable 2 n -manifold without boundary. If f :|K|→M is an arbitrary map, we define a first obstruction γ(f)∈H 2n (J ∗ K;Z) , where J ∗ K is the reduced deleted product of K and show that the vanishing of this obstruction is necessary and sufficient for f to be homotopic to an embedding.
Hot electrons blast wave generated by femtosecond laser pulses on thin Au(1 1 1) crystal, monitored by subpicosecond X-ray diffraction

Abstract Femtosecond time-resolved X-ray diffraction is used to probe reversible lattice changes of a 150-nm Au(1 1 1) crystal on mica heated with 100-femtosecond laser pulses with fluence below the damage and melting threshold. The lattice strain generated throughout the crystal is larger than estimated from the inhomogeneous lattice temperature distribution and acoustic wave produced by nonequilibrium heating. The broadening and shift of the rocking curve observed across the depth of the crystal support the presence of an additional ‘blast’ wave arising from hot electron gas temperature gradient, which is observed experimentally for the first time.
Brain ingress of regulatory T cells in a murine model of HIV-1 encephalitis

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) transform the HIV-1 infected macrophage from a neurotoxic to a neuroprotective phenotype. This was demonstrated previously in a murine model of HIV-1 encephalitis induced by intracranial injection of HIV-1/vesicular stomatitis virus-infected bone marrow macrophages. In this report, relationships between Treg ingress of end organ tissues, notably the brain, and neuroprotection were investigated. Treg from EGFP-transgenic donor mice were expanded, labeled with indium-111, and adoptively transferred. Treg distribution was assayed by single photon emission computed tomography and immunohistochemistry. Treg readily migrated across the blood brain barrier and were retained within virus-induced neuroinflammatory sites. In non-inflamed peripheral tissues (liver and spleen) Treg were depleted. These observations demonstrate that Treg migrate to sites of inflammation where they modulate immune responses.
The role of cardiac Troponin-I (cTnI) in risk stratification of patients with unstable coronary artery disease

In patients with chest pain at rest but no ST-segment elevation on the electrocardiogram, the diagnoses of unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction (MI) are usually considered together because they cannot be differentiated clinically or angiographically. Since the extent of myocardial necrosis is an important determinant of the risk of death, it is important to identify serum markers with which to predict prognosis, in order to initiate appropriate medical treatment and/or invasive procedures in these patients. Cardiac troponin-I (cTnI), one of the subunits of the troponin regulatory complex, binds to actin and inhibits interactions between actin and myosin. The presence of elevated cTnI in serum is a significant prognostic indicator in patients with unstable angina and non-Q wave MI. Its independent prognostic potential persists even after adjustment for independent baseline variables known to be significantly associated with an increased risk of cardiac events. The use of cTnI in the triage of patients with unstable coronary disease may identify those at greater risk for adverse cardiac events.
Transient myocardial dysfunction in a child with salicylate toxicity

Aspirin overdose may result in acid-base disturbances, electrolyte abnormalities, pulmonary edema, chemical hepatitis, seizures, and mental status alteration, but myocardial depression has not been reported following aspirin overdose in children. In addition to these more typical features, the 13-month-old boy reported here developed clinical, radiographic, and echocardiographic evidence of myocardial impairment with pulmonary edema and moderately severe global left ventricular dysfunction (estimated shortening fraction of 23%). Complete resolution of the myocardial dysfunction was demonstrated on follow-up echocardiography as the child recovered from the aspirin intoxication. This case suggests that myocardial dysfunction can occur as a result of toxic aspirin ingestion, and that it may contribute to salicylate-induced pulmonary edema.
Effect of periodate on cell wall antigens of Streptococci.

SummaryThe effects of periodate oxidation on cell wall polysaccharide antigens in strains of streptococci from 14 serological groups have been determined. In 11 of the 23 strains tested the serological reactivity was destroyed by 0.01 M periodate in 2 hours, while in 5 strains the serological reactions showed little or no change after periodate treatment. Three strains showed partial destruction under the conditions employed. In the cell walls of group D cells both resistant and sensitive antigens were found, whereas in group A the group antigen of all strains was resistant to periodate. The antigen of a group A strain, which no longer can synthesize specific group A carbohydrate antigen, was destroyed by the oxidation. The cell wall carbohydrate antigens of single strains examined in the remaining 9 serological groups were made up of both resistant and sensitive types.
Growth inhibition of a prostate tumor by α-difluoromethylornithine and by cyclophosphamide☆

Abstract The effects of the ornithine decarboxylase suicide substrate, difluoro-methylornithine (DFMO), and of cyclophosphamide, individually and in combination, on the growth of the R3327MAT-Lu prostate derived tumor were determined. DFMO decreased the growth rate and resulted in a 75% reduction in DNA content compared to the control group. Cyclophosphamide produced a greater inhibition of growth and resulted in a 96% reduction in DNA content relative to the control. DFMO in combination with cyclophos-phamide provided no greater inhibition of tumor growth than that of cyclophosphamide as a single agent. Further, in the schedule used in this experimental protocol the toxicity to the host of the drug combination was additive.
Carotid Artery Stenting Versus Carotid Endarterectomy for Treatment of Asymptomatic Carotid Disease

In patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis the optimal strategy to reduce the risk for stroke remains controversial. Although carotid endarterectomy was traditionally considered the gold standard for revascularization, emerging data suggest that carotid artery stenting is an appropriate alternative in many asymptomatic patients. This article summarizes the evidence base and related controversies regarding carotid endarterectomy versus carotid artery stenting for the revascularization of carotid disease in asymptomatic patients.
Structure-Property Relationships in the Layered Cuprate La2-xSrxCuSnO6

Abstract In an attempt to induce a metallic or superconductive state in the layered cuprate La2CuSnO6, the series La2-xSrxCuSnO6-x/2+δ (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.125, 0.15, 0.175, 0.20) was prepared. A solid solution forms for 0.00
Surgical Resection for Patients with Benign Primary Brain Tumors and Low Grade Gliomas

'Benign' brain tumors are a heterogeneous group of primary neoplasms representing 40% of primary brain tumors. Amongst neuroepithelial tumors, astrocytic neoplasms predominate, followed by oligodendroglial and mixed glial and glial-neuronal neoplasms. Less common are tumors of the ependyma, choroid plexus and neuroepithelial tumors of unknown origin such as chordoid glioma of the third ventricle. Neurosurgical intervention is indicated in order to establish a diagnosis, alleviate symptoms of mass effect, hydrocephalus, or hemorrhage, remove a seizure focus and decrease the cell pool at risk of malignant degeneration. As the majority of patients survive their tumor for years after initial diagnosis, the benefits of therapy must be carefully weighed against adverse treatment effects. This article, with a particular focus on surgical management, reflects the authors approach to the treatment of low-grade tumors of the brain parenchyma in the adult and reviews the pertinent literature published on this controversial issue.
Biomechancial Comparison of a Novel C1 Posterior Locking Plate With the Harms Technique in a C1-C2 Fixation Model

Current methods of atlantoaxial stabilization rely on screw fixation. Screw placement may be transarticular, or C1 lateral mass screws in combination with pedicle or pars screws at C2. These techniques can put the vertebral artery at risk. There is also dissection around the ganglion of the second cervical nerve root, which can lead to significant bleeding or postoperative pain.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Depth of focus in multilayered media-a long-neglected phenomenon aroused by immersion lithography

Depth of focus (DOF) is the gating factor of resolution and an indicator of the feasibility of a given technology node. However, its meaning is ambiguous. Sometimes it is used to indicate the longitudinal range of a good image governed by diffraction. Other times it is used as a budget for mechanical and optical tolerances. Another source of confusion is that the longitudinal range of a good diffracted image is usually evaluated for an air medium, ignoring the wavelength compression effect of the photoresist, as well as the fact that at least two media have to be within the longitudinal range of the good image. An immersion system with a high-index coupling medium makes the situation even more complicated. We classify the types of DOF into diffraction DOF, required DOF, and available DOF, then show the mutual dependence of these parameters and their significance in subwavelength imaging. The impact and DOF-resolution tradeoff, with and without a high-index coupling medium, is also explored.
Three-dimensional images exhibiting a gray scale from binary computer generated fresnel holograms

Binary Fresnel holograms synthesized by digital computer using method permitting reproduction of image gray scale
Probing Nucleosome Function: A Highly Versatile Library of Synthetic Histone H3 and H4 Mutants

Nucleosome structural integrity underlies the regulation of DNA metabolism and transcription. Using a synthetic approach, a versatile library of 486 systematic histone H3 and H4 substitution and deletion mutants that probes the contribution of each residue to nucleosome function was generated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We probed fitness contributions of each residue to perturbations of chromosome integrity and transcription, mapping global patterns of chemical sensitivities and requirements for transcriptional silencing onto the nucleosome surface. Each histone mutant was tagged with unique molecular barcodes, facilitating identification of histone mutant pools through barcode amplification, labeling, and TAG microarray hybridization. Barcodes were used to score complex phenotypes such as competitive fitness in a chemostat, DNA repair proficiency, and synthetic genetic interactions, revealing new functions for distinct histone residues and new interdependencies among nucleosome components and their modifiers.
Theoretical Prediction of Gas-Phase Nucleation Kinetics of SiO

This paper describes the application of ab-initio molecular orbital (MO) theories in conjunction with reaction rate theory to obtain thermochemistry and energetics of nucleation processes. The specific example used for the illustration of this approach is the nucleation of SiO. MO computations on the equilibrium structures have shown the polymers up to the tetramer to be planar rings and exothermic to addition of the monomer. Transition state analysis has shown that subsequent addition of the monomer (SiO) most likely proceeds without an energy barrier. Reaction rate theory analysis of the polymerization shows the rate coefficients to be very pressure dependent, with the dimer formation process rate limiting. Oxidation of clusters however showed a substantial barrier which should result in oxygen deficient clusters.
Performance of trinexapac-ethyl on Lolium perenne seed crops in diverse lodging environments

Abstract Application of trinexapac-ethyl (TE) plant growth regulator (PGR) for lodging control in perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) is a widespread practice, but information on how this PGR increases yield is limited. The objective of this study was to determine how TE application rate and timing influences seed productivity over nine diverse lodging environments in Oregon's Willamette Valley. Four field trials were conducted to examine TE effects on seed yield and yield components. Stem length, a key factor in lodging control, was reduced incrementally with increasing rate of TE to a maximum of 28%. TE consistently reduced lodging but had no effect on the seed yield components spikes m −2 , spikelets spike −1 , and florets spikelet −1 . Over environments, TE increased seed yield by an average 43% over the untreated control at 400 g ai ha −1 TE. Best seed yield results across environments were attained with TE applied between BBCH 32 and 51. The number of seeds spikelet −1 , seed mass spikelet −1 , and seed set were increased by TE. TE-induced seed yield increases were attributable to increased seed number m −2 and improved seed set, but not seed weight. A better understanding of TE-induced seed yield increases will aid in improving use efficiency and economy of this important PGR.
Evaluation of cystic salivary gland lesions by fine needle aspiration: an analysis of 21 cases.

Objective To analyze the potential sources of diagnostic errors and overall accuracy rate of the fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) diagnosis of cystic salivary gland neoplasms. Study design A 10-year (1993-2002) retrospective review of the cytopathology slides from the Division of Cytopathology, Department of Pathology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, identified a total of 97 consecutive salivary gland FNAB cases that microscopically were interpreted as representing cystic lesions. Of these, 21 cases had histologic follow-up at our institution. Results A correct diagnosis was rendered by FNAB in 15 of 21 (72%) cases. This included 9 Warthin's tumors, 2 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, 2 simple cysts, 1 cystadenoma and 1 abscess. Clinically insignificant discrepancies were identified in 3 of 21 (14%) FNABs. Clinically significant misdiagnoses were identified in a further 3 of 21 (14%) cases. Conclusion A systematic approach to the diagnosis of cystic salivary gland lesions by FNAB can result in a correct diagnosis in > 70% of cases. Careful attention should be directed at identifying the extracellular fluid components present (mucoid vs. watery proteinaceous) as well as the predominant cellular component (e.g., lymphocytes, histiocytes, epithelial cells and oncocytes). It is important to recognize, however, that occasionally epithelial cells may not be detected on FNAB of cystic salivary gland lesions, as a result of either cellular dilution by cystfluid or inadequate sampling. Regardless, with all FNABs tentatively diagnosed as a mucinous cystic lesion, the referring clinician should be informed that a low grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma cannot be ruled out.
On a clear day you can have a vision: a visioning model for everyone

The familiar song lyric says, “On a clear day, you can see forever”. It is a nice thought but, in reality, we cannot see very far without having a clear, well‐reasoned and mutually agreed vision. It is becoming apparent that even our most successful organizations are amazed at their own lack of agreement concerning their corporate vision. It seems that organizations and their members are not always aware that they are running in different directions. In part, they seem to have their vision (a desired end) confused with their goals and objectives (the means to get there). Presents a model for a visioning action plan that is intended to encompass all organizational stakeholders. The model fosters participative agreement concerning who we are now and a vision for who we want to be, as well as the means by which we intend to realize that vision.
Laser Cooling to the Zero-Point Energy of Motion

A single trapped $^{198}\mathrm{Hg}^{+}$ ion was cooled by scattering laser radiation that was tuned to the resolved lower motional sideband of the narrow $^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}}$ transition. The different absorption strengths on the upper and lower sidebands after cooling indicated that the ion was in the ground state of its confining well approximately 95% of the time.
VASCULAR PATHOLOGY IN DERMATOMYOSITIS AND ANATOMIC RELATIONS TO MYOPATHOLOGY

The causes of perifascicular myofiber atrophy and capillary pathology in dermatomyositis are incompletely understood. We studied 11 dermatomyositis muscles by histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and ultrastructure. We found that endomysial capillaries within regions of perifascicular atrophy are not entirely lost, but they have reduced size, endothelial loss, C5b9 complement deposits, and relatively preserved connective tissue molecules and pericytes. In all muscles, the perimysium varies regionally. Some areas contain intermediate-sized vessels. Others are avascular. In dermatomyositis, vascular perimysium contains abnormal vessel fragments, perivascular inflammation, and increased PECAM-1. Perifascicular myofiber atrophy and capillary pathology are concentrated near the avascular perimysium. We conclude that both perimysial intermediate-sized vessels and endomysial capillaries within regions of perifascicular myofiber atrophy are abnormal in dermatomyositis. Capillary damage and myofiber atrophy are concentrated in regions distant from intermediate-sized perimysial vessels. Chronic immune vascular damage and insufficiency in dermatomyositis may cause ischemia, myofiber atrophy, and capillary damage in "watershed" regions of muscle near the avascular perimysium.
General approach for the synthesis of polyquinenes via the Weiss reaction XV. Synthesis of the [5.5.5.5]fenestrane system via the aldol approach and studies directed toward the [5.5.6.6]fenestranes

Abstract The all cis-8a, 12b-diacetoxytetracyclo[5.5.1.0.4,13010,13]tridecane-2,6-dione 9 was successfully synthesized via aldolization of the diketodialdehyde 8 under conditions of equilibration, followed by trapping with acetic anhydride. Aldol cyclization of the dialdehyde 14 to provide the [5.5.6.6]fenestrane system 12 was also attempted. This resulted in the observation of tetracycle 25 with the desired ring system albeit as a minor product. The major products isolated from this approach were the undesired α,β-unsaturated aldehyde 22 and monoaldehyde 23, the latter of which contained a configuration opposite to that of C-5 in 12. In addition, the related bisacylation approach provided 26 as the major product with the undesired configuration at C-8. This cyclization furnished the transannular tetraone 27 at higher temperature.
Multiple object detection in hyperspectral imagery using spectral fringe-adjusted joint transform correlator

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) sensors provide plenty of spectral information to uniquely identify materials by their reflectance spectra, and this information has been effectively used for object detection and identification applications. Joint transform correlation (JTC) based object detection techniques in HSI have been proposed in the literatures, such as spectral fringe-adjusted joint transform correlation (SFJTC) and with its several improvements. However, to our knowledge, the SFJTC based techniques were designed to detect only similar patterns in hyperspectral data cube and not for dissimilar patterns. Thus, in this paper, a new deterministic object detection approach using SFJTC is proposed to perform multiple dissimilar target detection in hyperspectral imagery. In this technique, input spectral signatures from a given hyperspectral image data cube are correlated with the multiple reference signatures using the classassociative technique. To achieve better correlation output, the concept of SFJTC and the modified Fourier-plane image subtraction technique are incorporated in the multiple target detection processes. The output of this technique provides sharp and high correlation peaks for a match and negligible or no correlation peaks for a mismatch. Test results using real-life hyperspectral data cube show that the proposed algorithm can successfully detect multiple dissimilar patterns with high discrimination.
Extreme cyclomorphosis in Daphnia lumholtzi

SUMMARY 1. Daphnia lumholtzi, not previously reported in North America, was found in a small reservoir in East Texas in January, 1991, This species possesses extremely long spines and large fornices; an allometric study was performed to detect any temporal differences in specific growth rates of the spines relative to the body. 2. In nature, mature females attained 1.8mm body length, excluding spines, but when the head and tail spines are included, the total length reached a maximum of 5.6mm. 3. Differences in the growth patterns of the head spine and the tail spine relative to the body existed for D. lumholtzi from January to March 1991. Both the head and the tail spines grew at a faster rate than the body during all 3 months although the rates varied between them. The results contradict the invertebrate predation hypothesis (Dodson, 1974) in that D. lumholtzi's head and tail spines continue to grow during adulthood instead of stopping after the juvenile instars. 4. The head spines grew at a constant allometric rate over time while the tail spine grew faster as the temperature increased. Both varied significantly in length over the 3 months, with animals having the shortest spines in February and the longest in March.
Phase II study of topotecan and paclitaxel for patients with previously untreated extensive stage small-cell lung cancer

ABSTRACT Background: This phase II study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the combination of paclitaxel and topotecan for patients with extensive stage small-cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC). Patients and methods: Previously untreated ED-SCLC patients with Eastern Coperative Oncology Group performance status Results: Thirty-two patients received a median of four cycles of chemotherapy. Grade 4 anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia occurred in 13, 31 and 18 patients, respectively. Thirty episodes of febrile neutropenia occurred in 22 patients. Grade 3 fatigue, esophagitis, stomatitis and hypotension occurred in one patient each. Of 26 patients eligible for response evaluation, there were six complete and 12 partial responses (overall response rate 69%). The median survival was 54 weeks. The 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates were 50%, 10% and 3%, respectively. Conclusions: The combination of topotecan and paclitaxel is active as initial therapy in SCLC, but the efficacy is similar to ‘standard therapy’. This combination was associated with a high incidence of myelosuppression and febrile neutropenia, at the doses evaluated.
Psychotherapeutic strategies for healing trauma.

PURPOSE. The Adaptive Information Processing Model (AIP), originally developed by Shapiro (2001), provides a model for understanding how trauma affects the brain and how healing occurs. CONCLUSIONS. The effects of trauma are thought to be much broader than the diagnosis of PTSD and overlap with many other diagnostic categories. Recent physiological research supports the complexity of neurobiological responses to childhood stress and trauma. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. The Treatment Hierarchy, AIP model, and evidence-based treatment framework presented here provide the context and a compass for holistic PMH-APRN practice for working with traumatized patients.
Cocaine place conditioning increases pro-opiomelanocortin gene expression in rat hypothalamus

Recent research suggests an involvement of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene products in modulating cocaine reward and addiction-like behaviors in rodents. In this study, we investigated whether cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) alters POMC gene expression in the brain or pituitary of rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were conditioned with 4 injections of 0, 10 or 30 mg/kg cocaine (i.p.) over 8 days and tested 4 days after the last conditioning session. Another group received the same pattern of cocaine injections without conditioning. POMC mRNA levels in the hypothalamus (including arcuate nucleus), amygdala and anterior pituitary, as well as plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels were measured. Cocaine place conditioning at 10 and 30 mg/kg doses increased POMC mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner in the hypothalamus, with no effect in the amygdala. Cocaine CPP had no effect on POMC mRNA levels in the anterior pituitary or on plasma ACTH or corticosterone levels. In rats that received cocaine at 30 mg/kg without conditioning, there was no such effect on hypothalamic POMC mRNA levels. Alteration of POMC gene expression in the hypothalamus is region-specific after cocaine place conditioning, and dose-dependent. The increased POMC gene expression in the hypothalamus suggests that it is involved in the reward/learning process of cocaine-induced conditioning.
COMPLIANCE WITH HOMEWORK TO EMPLOY SELF-INSTRUCTIONS IN CONTROLLING ICE WATER PAIN: AN ANALOGUE TO COUNSELING

40 women were taught to use self-statements to cope with pain caused by ice water. The trainer used four different strategies for reassigning a homework task of using self-statements to cope with pain produced by immersing one hand in ice water. The strategies were equally effective in eliciting compliance with the homework assignment.
Fast rift propagation at a slow-spreading ridge

Bathymetric, magnetic, gravity, and morphologic data from the flank of the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge reveal obliquely oriented features that offset magnetic isochrons and morphological patterns within individual ridge segments. These features form angles of ∼10°–40° with the isochrons and are inferred to result from rift propagation at rates several times the spreading rate, representing the fastest propagators yet observed at a slow-spreading ridge. These fast propagators appear to have formed as a result of tectonic extension migrating along ridge segments as the segments change from more magmatic to less magmatic periods of spreading.
Laboratory Robotics Instruction for Undergraduates at Montclair State University

Students in the Chemistry and Biochemistry Department at Montclair state University have several opportunities to learn about laboratory robotics. A unit on robotics is included in the senior level instrumental analysis class at the end of the spring semester. Students are also able to receive individual instruction on the robotic systems and high-school students have developed automated procedures during summer enrichment programs.An important component of the program is the competition setup between the men and women students of the instrumental analysis class. This keeps student attention focused on the exercises without the need to assign homework. This short article describes the equipment used by the department, provides an overview of how it is used, and contains informal observations made by the author about the student experience.
Automatic array alignment as a step in hierarchical program transformation

Presents an original approach to automatic array alignment, the step in the hierarchical transformation system aimed at the efficient execution of shared memory programs on distributed memory machines. The array alignment algorithm deals with a broad set of intra-dimension and inter-dimension alignment preferences, including offsets, strides, permutations, embeddings, and their combinations. The authors discuss the algorithm and the tests performed on the Connection Machine CM-2. >