cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determining the operating region for demagnetization-free fault tolerant control of multiphase PMa-SynRM

This paper presents the process of determining demagnetization-free operating region of multi-phase permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PMa-SynRM) under fault tolerant operating condition using finite element analysis (FEA) tool. The five-phase PMa-SynRM has been considered as a suitable candidate for many critical service applications such as aircraft, electric vehicles, and electric ships due to low cost and high fault-tolerance capability. These machines can generate required torque under single or two-phase fault using only the unaffected phases. However, under the fault condition, the air-gap magnetomotive force (MMF) will be distorted and cause additional harmonics loss and torque ripple. Although the adoption of fault tolerant control (FTC) scheme can improve the performance, there will be large rise and fall in the air-gap MMF which can be threatening to the permanent magnet (PM) for irreversible demagnetization. Therefore, multiphase PMa-SynRM should be carefully operated under FTC to avoid the irreversible demagnetization of its PMs. This study determines the demagnetization-free operating region of a 3 kW five-phase rare-earth (NdFeB35) PM based PMa-SynRM under single and two-phase open fault conditions. Finite element analysis (FEA) has been performed for different thermal levels of the PMs to evaluate the operating range of the motor without demagnetization.
The Extraordinary Collapse and Revival of German Parliaments

The contrast between the extraordinary collapse of the German parliament in the 1920s and 1930s, despite a strong German parliamentary tradition, and the development of the German Bundestag into the strongest parliament in Europe just 20 years later, is in part due to a series of contingent events that were not path-dependent results of German history. The punitive peace treaty imposed on Germany in 1919 and the worldwide depression of the 1920s and 1930s critically weakened the Weimar Republic. The benign military occupation of Western Germany after 1945, seeking to strengthen German democracy as a bulwark against the USSR, decisively contributed to the revival of parliamentary democracy.
Frame activated inferences in a story understanding program

An effective story undcrstander must be able to reason about characters in the story, their affects, actions, plans, and goals, as well as the settings and important points of the story. In many systems this has been done with separate inference mechanisms for each class of knowledge structure. This paper proposes a story understander with a unified frame-based inference component used on each class of knowledge structure.
Outcomes for elderly breast cancer patients in Louisiana.

e11030 Background: Elderly breast cancer patients, compared to younger breast cancer patients, are diagnosed with a higher stage of disease. They are also found to undergo less surgery, receive mor...
Racial/ethnic variation in stroke rates and risks among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Abstract Objective Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which is associated with increased stroke risk, is more prevalent and often more severe among Blacks, Asians, and Hispanics than Whites. We examined racial/ethnic variation in stroke rates and risks, overall and by hemorrhagic versus ischemic subtype, among SLE patients. Methods Within Medicaid (2000–2010), we identified patients aged 18–65 with SLE (≥ 3 ICD-9 710.0 codes, ≥ 30days apart) and ≥12 months of continuous enrollment. Subjects were followed from index date to first stroke event, death, disenrollment, or end of follow-up. Race/ethnicity-specific annual event rates were calculated for stroke overall and by subtypes (hemorrhagic vs. ischemic). We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of stroke by race/ethnicity, adjusting for comorbidities and the competing risk of death. Results Of 65,788 SLE patients, 93.1% were female. Racial/ethnic breakdown was 42% Black, 38% White, 16% Hispanic, 3% Asian, and 1% American Indian/Alaska Natives. Mean follow-up was 3.7 ± 3.0years. After multivariable adjustment, Blacks were at increased risk of overall stroke (HR 1.34 [95%CI 1.18–1.53), hemorrhagic stroke (HR 1.42 [1.00–2.01]), and ischemic stroke (HR 1.33 [1.15–1.52]) compared to Whites. Hispanics were at increased risk of overall stroke (HR 1.25 [1.06–1.47)] and hemorrhagic stroke (HR 1.79 [95% CI 1.22–2.61]), but not ischemic stroke, compared to Whites. Conclusion Among SLE patients enrolled in Medicaid, we observed elevated stroke risk (overall and by subtype) among Blacks and Hispanics compared to Whites, suggesting the importance of early recognition and screening for stroke risk factors among Blacks and Hispanics.
Curating the Library Exhibit “Russian Revolution: Actors and Witnesses” at Harvard University: A Collaborative Experience

Tasked with organizing and promoting an exhibit of Russian Revolution-related materials from Harvard University’s vast library holdings in a relatively small space, the curators faced both advantag...
A moral being is an accountable being: Leadership and accountability in monastic organizations

Benedictine monasteries are one of the most durable forms of communal life that can be found on almost all continents. They had a major impact on the economic development of European countries and helped to develop a new understanding of work morale, leadership, and governance structures. Nowadays, the Benedictine family includes approximately 7,000 monks and 16,000 nuns.
Vicente Lledó-Guillem, «The Making of Catalan Linguistic Identity in Medieval and Early Modern Times», Nova York, Palgrave MacMillan, 2018, 250 p.

catalaRessenya sobre el llibre de Vicente Lledo-Guillem, The Making of Catalan Linguistic Identity in Medieval and Early Modern Times, Nova York, Palgrave MacMillan, 2018, 250 p., ISBN: 978-3-319-72080-7. EnglishBook review: Vicente Lledo-Guillem, The Making of Catalan Linguistic Identity in Medieval and Early Modern Times, Nova York, Palgrave MacMillan, 2018, 250 p., ISBN: 978-3-319-72080-7.
A comparison of nonlinear modal synthesis using a time varying linear approximation and direct computation

Modal synthesis is a common technique to model linear musical systems efficiently using a parallel bank of second-order digital filters to represent the modes of a resonating instrument. However, many instruments exhibit nonlinear behavior when driven at high amplitudes, often resulting in amplitude dependent mode center frequencies. This behavior can be modeled in a simplified manner using a time varying linear modal structure or could be directly modeled using a nonlinear mode approximation such as that of a Duffing oscillator. The time-varying linear approach is compared to the direct approach to gauge if the approximation is valid within perceptual limits. Particular emphasis is put on weakly nonlinear modes which may be found in a string instrument with thin vibrating plates.Modal synthesis is a common technique to model linear musical systems efficiently using a parallel bank of second-order digital filters to represent the modes of a resonating instrument. However, many instruments exhibit nonlinear behavior when driven at high amplitudes, often resulting in amplitude dependent mode center frequencies. This behavior can be modeled in a simplified manner using a time varying linear modal structure or could be directly modeled using a nonlinear mode approximation such as that of a Duffing oscillator. The time-varying linear approach is compared to the direct approach to gauge if the approximation is valid within perceptual limits. Particular emphasis is put on weakly nonlinear modes which may be found in a string instrument with thin vibrating plates.
Effects of Sampling Frequency and Sample Window Size on Median Frequency of Surface EMG

Muscle fatigue can be evaluated through the assessment of the downward shift in the median frequency (MDF) of the electromyographic (EMG) signal collected through surface electromyography. Previous...
‘Le Riz d’Indochine’ at the French table: representations of food, race and the Vietnamese in a colonial-era board game

When the repas gastronomique des Francais was deemed worthy of a place on UNESCO’s Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2010, the decision was hailed as a triumph for cultural div...
Shaping the Breast: Optimizing Aesthetics with Reconstructive Breast Surgery

Numerous innovations and advancements have enabled breast reconstruction following mastectomy to deliver aesthetic outcomes that mimic the natural breast. This is true for prosthetic and autologous reconstruction and the result of improved mastectomy techniques, preservation of the recipient and donor site muscles, and the use of fat grafting. Specific to prosthetic reconstruction is the evolution from subpectoral to prepectoral device placement, the use of acellular dermal matrices, and better breast implants. Specific to autologous reconstruction is the use of perforator-based flaps to minimize donor site morbidities.
Usage Patterns of Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS) Differ by Glaucoma Type: IRIS Registry Analysis 2013-2018.

Purpose: To examine patterns of standard (trabeculectomy or glaucoma drainage devices, GDDs) vs novel (minimally invasive glaucoma surgery, MIGS) surgical techniques in the US.Methods: We used the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) queried between 2013 and 2018 (inclusive) to calculate the cumulative proportion of stand-alone, concurrent (same day) or sequential (subsequent day) glaucoma surgical techniques performed in each glaucoma diagnosis type. Secondary analyses of adjusted proportions of concurrent and sequential surgeries stratified by glaucoma diagnosis were also performed.Results: Of 203,146 eyes receiving glaucoma surgeries, open angle glaucoma (OAG) was most likely to undergo all types of intervention. The iStent was the most commonly performed MIGS, primarily for those with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) or OAG (p < .001). Conversely, GDD was the most commonly performed procedure in secondary glaucoma or other (specified) glaucoma (p < .001). ECP and iStent were the most common concurrent procedures performed; most often for OAG and NTG (p < .001). After an initial standard surgery, most eyes underwent recurrent standard interventions (90.3%). ECP was the most common MIGS performed after an initial standard surgery; particularly in primary angle-closure (PACG) and secondary glaucoma eyes (p < .001).Conclusion: Glaucoma type may influence the choice of glaucoma procedures and the decision to perform concurrent as well sequential surgical procedures. Given the poorly understood long term safety and effectiveness of MIGS, and with substantially increasing use of MIGS procedures in recent years, future studies comparing their safety and effectiveness vs standard interventions, for a variety of glaucoma types, is needed.
Exploring the Association Between Measures of Obesity and Measures of Trip-induced Fall Risk Among Older Adults.

Abstract Objective To explore the association between measures of obesity and measures of trip-induced fall risk among community-dwelling older adults. Design Case-control. Setting Gait laboratory. Participants Voluntary sample of 55 community-dwelling older adults (aged ≥65y; N=55) with body mass index (BMI) of 18.84-44.68 kg/m2. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Measures of obesity included 6 anthropometry-based measures (BMI; thigh, hip and waist circumferences; ratio of waist-to-hip circumference; index of central obesity) and 4 dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry–based measures (percentage trunk, leg, and total fat; fat mass index). Measures of risk of tripping during overground walking included median and interquartile range of toe clearance and area under the swing phase toe trajectory. Measures of trip recovery after a laboratory-induced trip included trunk angle and angular velocity at ground contact of the first recovery step, anteroposterior distance from stepping foot to center of mass at the same instant, and step time of the first recovery step. Results Risk of tripping was associated with waist-to-hip ratio and thigh circumference. After grouping participants by waist-to-hip ratio, those with high ratios (≥0.9 cm for men and ≥0.85 cm for women) exhibited significantly greater variability in toe clearance. Trip recovery was associated with hip circumference, thigh circumference, fat mass index, and total fat. After grouping participants by fat mass index, those with high indices (>9 kg/m2 for men and >13 kg/m2 for women) exhibited less favorable trunk kinematics after a laboratory-induced trip (Cohen d=0.84). Conclusions Waist-to-hip ratio and fat mass index may more closely relate to trip-induced fall risk than BMI among community-dwelling older adults.
The National Labor Relations Board and Tribal Enterprises

Whether the NLRB has jurisdiction over businesses owned and operated by Indian tribes is a contested issue on which federal courts of appeals disagree. Indeed, there seems to be a lack of clarity across the board on whether federal regulatory statutes of general application presumptively govern Indian tribes in their sovereign capacity. Yet the U.S. Supreme Court has thus far allowed this uncertainty to persist unabated; in fact, just last summer, the Court denied certiorari in a case that squarely presented an opportunity for the justices to settle the issue of NLRB jurisdiction over tribal enterprises. Needless to say, the question is an extremely close one; all told, however, I side with those who find that the NLRB lacks authority over labor relations at these businesses. Here, I explain my basis for so concluding. This Paper draws in part on prior analysis by jurists and commentators, contributing thereto some additional support and observations; and, in addition, presents some novel lines of argument and thus-far overlooked historical evidence.
NucleoMap: a computational tool for identifying nucleosomes in ultra-high resolution contact maps

Although poorly positioned nucleosomes are ubiquitous in the prokaryote genome, they are difficult to identify with existing nucleosome identification methods. Recently available enhanced high-throughput chromatin conformation capture techniques such as Micro-C, DNase Hi-C, and Hi-CO characterize nucleosome-level chromatin proximity, probing the positions of mono-nucleosomes and the spacing between nucleosome pairs at the same time, enabling profiling of nucleosomes in poorly positioned regions. Here we develop a novel computational approach, NucleoMap, to identify nucleosome positioning from ultra-high resolution chromatin contact maps. By integrating nucleosome binding preferences, read density, and pairing information, NucleoMap precisely locates nucleosomes in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes and outperforms existing nucleosome identification methods in sensitivity and specificity. We rigorously characterize genome-wide association in eukaryotes between the spatial organization of mono-nucleosomes and their corresponding histone modifications, protein binding activities, and higher-order chromatin functions. We also predict two tetra-nucleosome folding structures in human embryonic stem cells using machine learning methods and analysis their distribution at different structural and functional regions. Based on the identified nucleosomes, nucleosome contact maps are constructed, reflecting the inter-nucleosome distances and preserving the original data9s contact distance profile.
Three-Dimensional Imaging: Clinical Applications in Orthopedics

Advances in three-dimensional imaging now provide the radiologist and referring physician with the ability to create accurate three-dimensional models of any part of the human body. The major area of clinical applications of three-dimensional imaging has been in orthopedics. This paper presents a review of the basic applications of 3D imaging in such areas as trauma, oncology, degenerative arthritis, and congenital disease. The techniques used for the generation of three-dimensional images is presented as well as a detailed description of some of the basic clinical applications of three-dimensional imaging. A preview of some of the more advanced and newer applications of three-dimensional imaging in regard to orthopedics is also reviewed.
Analysis of the synthesis, intracellular sorting, and function of glycoproteins using a mammalian cell mutant with reversible glycosylation defects.

Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes the properties of the mammalian cell mutant ldl D. It reviews the recent experiments that exploit its novel characteristics and provide suggestions for the experimental manipulation of these cells. Classic biochemical genetics combined with recombinant-DNA technology provides a powerful approach for identifying and characterizing the genes, gene products, and biochemical and cellular functions that underlie the multicompartmental pathways. Seven recessive complementation groups ( ldl A– ldl G) are identified, which define genes required for the normal expression of LDL receptor activity. The ldl B, ldl C, and ldl D mutants exhibit global, pleiotropic glycosylation defects affecting protein- and lipid-linked oligosaccharides. ldl D cells were initially isolated in selections and screens were designed to identify Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) mutants expressing defects in the endocytosis of LDL. The defective synthesis of N-linked, 0-linked, and lipid-linked glycoconjugates and the LDL receptor deficiency of ldl D cells are because of a virtual absence of UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase enzymatic activity. This enzyme catalyzes the reversible isomerizations of UDP-glucose to UDP-galactose (Gal) and UDP- N -acetylglucosamine to UDP- N -acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc).
Coming of Age in Immigrant America

A new generation of Americans, raised in immigrant families, has been coming of age. They are transforming their adoptive society even as they themselves are being transformed into the newest Americans. Over time, these children will decisively shape the character of their ethnic communities and, indeed, the nation as a whole. The long-term effects of contemporary immigration will hinge more on the trajectories of these youths than on the fate of their parents. These children of today’s immigrants - a post-immigrant generation oriented not to their parents’ immigrant pasts but to their own American futures - are here to stay, and they represent the most consequential and lasting legacy of the new immigration to the United States. This paper examines three key issues: language acquisition; ethnic “identities”; and academic achievement and career ambition. It relies on the latest results of the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (CILS), an investigation of the educational performance and social, cultural and psychological adaptation of children of immigrants, the largest study of its kind and the only longitudinal study of the new generation. The study has followed the progress of a sample of teenage youths representing 77 nationalities in two key areas of immigrant settlement in the United States: Southern California and South Florida. The results have clear implications for the future of these youths and for public policy responses.
Current Induced Domain-wall Motion in Magnetic Nanowires

Recent research on current-induced domain-wall motion in magnetic nanowires is reviewed. The first part of the article is devoted to theoretical models and micromagnetic simulations. We first describe the magnetic structure of head-to-head domain walls, and then discuss theories of their interaction with spin-polarized current. The role of both adiabatic and nonadiabatic spin-transfer torques is discussed in the framework of an analytical one-dimensional model and micromagnetic simulations. The second part of the article reviews recent experimental studies. Both field-driven and current-driven excitation and manipulation of domain walls is discussed. Keywords: magnetic domain walls; magnetic nanowire; spin torque; spin transfer; micromagnetism; magnetization dynamics; MFM
A Review of “Foundations of Education: The Essential Texts”

Susan F. Semel provides readers with a collection of 12 selections drawn from the major social foundations disciplines: history, political science, sociology, and philosophy. She seeks to illustrat...
The SHOP tracking and notification system

Tracking various tasks and operations in a manufacturing environment and notifying appropriate personnel when problems arise has traditionally been managed manually, with collected data retained in books at each tool. Often, particular information would be missing, inaccurate or illegible, making it difficult for manufacturing, engineering and maintenance to use in any systematic way. This paper describes a software tracking and notification system that acts as a common front-end for all of its programs and interfaces with other information systems on the manufacturing floor. This system, called Save Hours On Paperwork (SHOP), is readily accessible from either in or outside of the product fabricator and incorporates more than 50 separate functions for manufacturing, engineering and maintenance by automatically performing tracking and notification tasks. SHOP has eliminated the need for manual, time-consuming record keeping and significantly reduced human error.
Video based surface alignment technique for 3D patient positioning

Presents a technique to align a 3D surface model of a patient to video images of the patient on the treatment table. The technique can be used to quantify patient positioning errors in 3D. Three video cameras were mounted to the ceiling of the treatment room and geometrically calibrated in linear accelerator beam coordinate system. The calibration essentially determines how the cameras view the radiation isocenter. After therapists position the patient for treatment, video images record the setup. Camera calibration results are used to project the 3D skin surface of a treatment planning CT scan into the set of 2D video images. This method determines the 6 parameters of a rigid transformation that best aligns the skin surface from CT with the set of 2D video images. The correlation of pixel values of corresponding points in images of a pair of cameras is used as a measure of the quality of the alignment. Point correspondences are determined by projecting the 3D skin surface onto the patient images. Once optimized the 6 parameters are a measurement of the patient positioning error. Multiple pairs of cameras can be used to improve the alignment and increase the visible surface of the patient. Preliminary tests using this technique for breast, abdomen and head and neck treatments demonstrate its ability to match the skin surface well to the video images. This technique could be used to position patients before each treatment and reduce errors in patient positioning.
Cellular and molecular regulation of vascular permeability

Vascular permeability is a highly coordinated process that integrates vesicular trafficking, complex junctional rearrangements, and refined cytoskeletal dynamics. In response to the extracellular environment, these three cellular activities have been previously assumed to work in parallel to regulate the passage of solutes between the blood and tissues. New developments in the area of vascular permeability, however have highlighted the interdependence between trans- and para-cellular pathways, the cross-communication between adherens and tight junctions, and the instructional role of pericytes on endothelial expression of barrier-related genes. Additionally, significant effort has been placed in understanding the molecular underpinings that contribute to barrier restoration following acute permeability events and in clarifying the importance of context-dependent signaling initiated by permeability mediators. Finally, recent findings have uncovered an unpredicted role for transcription factors in the coordination of vascular permeability and clarified how junctional complexes can transmit signals to the nucleus to control barrier function. The goal of this review is to provide a concise and updated view of vascular permeability, discuss the most recent advances in molecular and cellular regulation, and introduce integrated information on the central mechanisms involved in trans-endothelial transport.
Thermodynamic study of the zirconium-aluminum system

Abstract The heats of formation of the zirconium-aluminum intermetallic compounds ZrAl3, ZrAl2, Zr2Al3, ZrAl, Zr5Al4, Zr3Al2, Zr5Al3, and the solid solution of aluminum in bcc zirconium have been studied using a Knudsen cell mass spectrometric technique. The high-temperature compound Zr5Al4 was identified in the residue of some of these experiments and this led to further heat treatment/X-ray diffraction experiments which indicated that Zr4Al3, previously reported to form from the melt, decomposes in the solid state at temperature in excess of 1050°C. By measuring aluminum vapor pressures over the two-phase ranges of the system from 0
Mathematical Model of In-Situ Gelation of Polyacrylamide by a Redox Process

Recent displacement data conclusively show that the initial permeability reduction during in-situ gelation processes does not result from a bulk gelation of the injected fluid. This paper presents a filtration-based model that correctly accounts for all physical phenomena occurring during in-situ gelation displacements
Flux pinning by planar defects in single crystal YBa2Cu3O7-δ

Abstract We report on a novel crossed magnetic field technique to study the critical angle of pinning by twin boundaries and intrinsic pinning by the layered structure in single crystal YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ . We find a critical angle for intrinsic pinning very close to T c which is 10 times smaller than the critical angle for twin boundary pinning. In addition, we present the phase diagram for the onset of twin boundary and intrinsic pinning near T c .
Effects of Isoflurane on Coronary Arteries and Coronary Arterioles in the Intact Dog

To determine the site of isoflurane-associated coronary vasodilatation, the authors measured epicardial coronary artery diameter and examined the effects of isoflurane on coronary arteriolar tone. Angiograms of the left coronary system were obtained in seven fentanyl-pentobarbital anesthetized dogs and quantitated with a computerized analysis system. Cross-sectional areas of the proximal, mid, and distal left anterior descending and proximal circumflex coronary arteries were obtained at three arterial pressures, and then the measurement repeated following administration of 0.75%, 1.5%, and 2.25% end-tidal isoflurane. At the same time coronary blood flow was measured using a 123Xe washout technique. Isoflurane was found to have no effect on epicardial coronary artery dimensions. No dilatation was observed throughout the range of isoflurane concentrations and coronary perfusion pressures investigated. However, despite the absence of epicardial coronary effects, coronary arterioles were dilated by both 1.5% and 2.25% isoflurane. Coronary blood flow corresponding to a myocardial oxygen consumption of 7.5 ml oxygen X 100 gm-1 X min-1 was calculated as 99 +/- 17 ml X 100 gm-1 X min-1 (mean +/- SD) during control conditions, and it increased to 150 +/- 26 ml X 100 gm-1 X min-1 at 1.5% isoflurane (P less than .004) and to 197 +/- 35 ml X 100 gm-1 X min-1 at 2.25% isoflurane (P less than .001). Although higher concentrations of isoflurane dilated intramyocardial arterioles, isoflurane had no effect on epicardial coronary arteries.
Hybrid control of BCM soft-switching three phase micro-inverter

A new hybrid control of soft switching boundary conduction mode (BCM) inverter that features an easy digital implementation and reduced number of analog components is presented in this paper. A traditional half-bridge three-phase inverter topology can realize soft switching through implementing BCM operation, thus no additional power devices or magnetic components are required. The proposed hybrid method facilitates the control of BCM inverter by taking full advantage of the DSP resources. The simulation was carried out to verify the proposed control technique. A brief analysis of current modulation of soft switching BCM inverter is given in the paper. A 400W 120Vac three-phase prototype was built. The experimental results show that the soft switching can be realized under different load conditions and the peak efficiency can reach up to 96.5%.
Artist Residencies: Supporting Early Childhood Pre-Student Teachers' Knowledge and Pedagogy to Promote Arts-Based Learning

ABSTRACTUniversity-based artist residencies prepare preservice teachers to integrate the arts in their classrooms.
Conflict effects without conflict in anterior cingulate cortex: multiple response effects and context specific representations.

Abstract The error likelihood computational model of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (Brown, J.W., Braver, T.S., 2005. Learned predictions of error likelihood in the anterior cingulate cortex. Science 307: 1118–1121) has successfully predicted error likelihood effects, risk prediction effects, and how individual differences in conflict and error likelihood effects vary with trait differences in risk aversion. The same computational model now makes a further prediction that apparent conflict effects in ACC may result in part from an increasing number of simultaneously active responses, regardless of whether or not the cued responses are mutually incompatible. In Experiment 1, the model prediction was tested with a modification of the Eriksen flanker task, in which some task conditions require two otherwise mutually incompatible responses to be generated simultaneously. In that case, the two response processes are no longer in conflict with each other. The results showed small but significant medial PFC effects in the incongruent vs. congruent contrast, despite the absence of response conflict, consistent with model predictions. This is the multiple response effect. Nonetheless, actual response conflict led to greater ACC activation, suggesting that conflict effects are specific to particular task contexts. In Experiment 2, results from a change signal task suggested that the context dependence of conflict signals does not depend on error likelihood effects. Instead, inputs to ACC may reflect complex and task specific representations of motor acts, such as bimanual responses. Overall, the results suggest the existence of a richer set of motor signals monitored by medial PFC and are consistent with distinct effects of multiple responses, conflict, and error likelihood in medial PFC.
Looking beyond Bohr

Quantum Fluctuations. By Edward Nelson. Princeton University Press:1985. Pp.146. Hbk 32, 21.50; pbk 12.95, 9.40.
RANCOVA: A Minitab macro for the calculation of nonparametric (ranked) analysis of covariance

where Oij approximates a t-distribution with (N -J) degrees of freedom. Description. The Minitab macro outputs the mean adjusted rank transformations, the rank adjusted means, a variance ratio, and multiple ranked mean comparison tests. Because the user is operating in the Minitab environment, various tests for assumptions may easily be carried out. For example, the relationship between the dependent variable and the covariate(s) is assumed to be monotonic. This may be easily plotted in Minitab by referencing the rank transformation variables that are maintained from the interactive session. Also, the assumption of identical covariate distributions can be tested using Minitab's existing Kruskal-Wallis procedure. The nonparametric RANCOVA macro is driven by a Digital command language (Digital Equipment Corporation, 1982) routine for VAX/VMS operating systems. This routine offers the user the options of either batch or interactive sessions, with permanent file storage of RANCOVA results for later printing. Although the Digital command language routine was designed for the macro, it is not necessary for its use.
Celsr3 Is Required for Normal Development of GABA Circuits in the Inner Retina

The identity of the specific molecules required for the process of retinal circuitry formation is largely unknown. Here we report a newly identified zebrafish mutant in which the absence of the atypical cadherin, Celsr3, leads to a specific defect in the development of GABAergic signaling in the inner retina. This mutant lacks an optokinetic response (OKR), the ability to visually track rotating illuminated stripes, and develops a super-normal b-wave in the electroretinogram (ERG). We find that celsr3 mRNA is abundant in the amacrine and ganglion cells of the retina, however its loss does not affect synaptic lamination within the inner plexiform layer (IPL) or amacrine cell number. We localize the ERG defect pharmacologically to a late-stage disruption in GABAergic modulation of ON-bipolar cell pathway and find that the DNQX-sensitive fast b1 component of the ERG is specifically affected in this mutant. Consistently, we find an increase in GABA receptors on mutant ON-bipolar terminals, providing a direct link between the observed physiological changes and alterations in GABA signaling components. Finally, using blastula transplantation, we show that the lack of an OKR is due, at least partially, to Celsr3-mediated defects within the brain. These findings support the previously postulated inner retina origin for the b1 component and reveal a new role for Celsr3 in the normal development of ON visual pathway circuitry in the inner retina.
In vitro evaluation of a novel chemotherapeutic agent, Adozelesin, in gynecologic-cancer cell lines.

Adozelesin is a derivative of an extremely cytotoxic compound, CC1065. This entirely new class of drug binds preferentially to DNA and facilitates alkylation reaction. In the present study, we used the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) chemosensitivity assay to compare the cytotoxic potency of Adozelesin with that of common chemotherapeutic agents in ten gynecologic-cancer cell lines. Flow cytometry was also used to study its effects on cell-cycle kinetics. The mean drug concentrations required to produce a 50% reduction in ATP levels as compared with controls [IC50] were: Adriamycin, 0.17±0.06 μm; 4OH-Cytoxan, 18±3 μm; cisplatin, 17±7 μm; 5-fluorouracil, 183±116 μm; and Adozelesin, 11.0±5.4pm. Thus, Adozelesin was 104–107 times more potent than Adriamycin, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and Cytoxan. Cell kinetics studies revealed significant S and G2 blocks such as those previously reported for other alkylating agents.
Designer Nuclei — Making Atoms that Barely Exist

The physics of nuclei is not a democratic field. It has to be said, some nuclei are just more interesting than others. And some are more useful than others, either to explain the origins of the elements, or the nature of matter itself, or for uses in medicine and other applied fields. The trick is to work out which nuclei are going to be the most important, and then go out and make them. Nuclear physicists are getting increasingly better in fabricating and characterizing short‐lived nuclei with desired properties, the designer nuclei. This paper describes selected frontiers of this research. For an in‐depth overview, the reader is referred to the recent report.1
Research directions in web systems evolution V: Architecture

The architecture of a Web system affects many of its quality attributes, such as testability, security, and accessibility. The architecture itself is influenced by factors such as system requirements, infrastructure constraints, and interoperability needs. This session is the fifth in a series of special events held at WSE focused on selected aspects of research directions in Web systems evolution, and the first focused on issues related to the role of architecture.
Time course of the effects of the serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitor sertraline on central and peripheral serotonin neurochemistry in the rhesus monkey.

Fundamental questions remain regarding the actions of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). To examine the time course of central and peripheral neurochemical effects of sertraline (SER) in non-human primates. SER (20 mg/kg, p.o.) or placebo were administered daily for 4 weeks to two groups of six young adult male rhesus monkeys. Both groups received placebo during a 3-week baseline lead-in period and for 6 weeks after discontinuation. Blood and cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (cCSF) samples were obtained on days −21, −14, −7, 0, +3, +7, +14, +21, +28, +35 and +70. In animals receiving SER, mean (±SD) levels of cCSF serotonin (5-HT) increased from 38.6±9.0 pg/ml at baseline to 128±46.4 pg/ml during treatment (paired t=4.17, P=0.014). Concentrations of cCSF 5-HT were 290% of baseline on day 0 (+3 h), ranged from 260% to 436% of baseline during treatment, and returned to baseline 7 days after discontinuation. Levels of cCSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid declined to 51±2.0% of baseline by day +3 and remained at similarly reduced levels during treatment. Plasma drug levels and decrements in platelet 5-HT were similar to those seen in patients. SER rapidly and substantially increases cCSF levels of 5-HT in primates, the extent of elevation is relatively constant during prolonged administration, and values return to baseline shortly after discontinuation. The results suggest that response latency for SSRIs in depression is not due to gradually increasing brain extracellular fluid 5-HT levels and tend not to support theories that posit SSRI response latency as being due to autoreceptor desensitization, transporter downregulation, or drug accumulation.
In vitro and in vivo evaluations of a strain of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) selected for resistance to permethrin.

A strain of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) was selected for resistance to permethrin by pressuring larvae with increasing doses (range, 0.05–0.35% [AI]) through successive generations (generations F2–F7). At the beginning of the selection process (F2), the pyrethroid resistant (PR) strain was 5.4 times more resistant to permethrin than the pyrethroid susceptible (PS) strain, and the level of resistance increased in each successive generation of the PR strain, reaching a resistance factor (resistance factor) of 20.9 in the F7 generation. Thus, in only 5 generations the level of resistance in the PR strain was increased by 4-fold. The efficacy of permethrin was evaluated by dipping cattle infested with the PS strain and cattle infested with the F7 generation of the PR strain in a vat at 0.057% (AI) (Coopers Animal Health, Mundelein, EL; recommended concentration). Evaluation of the PS strain showed that untreated cattle produced significantly ( P 0.05) from those of the treated group. The overall control achieved in the PS strain (99.2%) was significantly higher ( P < 0.05) than that of the PR strain (35.7%). The results of the study as they relate to the United States Boophilus Eradication Program are discussed.
Exposure to the pheromone 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one enhances the behavioural spawning success, sperm production and sperm motility of male goldfish

Abstract Abstract. Male goldfish, Carassius auratus , exposed to the steroidal pre-ovulatory pheromone 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20βP) exhibited behaviour characteristic of sexual arousal within 30 min of exposure. These fish remained sexually aroused for 10 h when exposed to 17,20βP during scotophase: this period of time naturally separates the start of 17,20βP release and ovulation/spawning. Behavioural changes associated with overnight exposure to 17,20βP resulted in greatly improved spawning success in competitive spawning tests conducted the next morning. These males also produced more spermatozoa with greater motility. A daily pattern of pheromonal responsiveness was indicated. The function of the 17,20βP priming pheromone appears to be to enhance male spawning success by both physiological and behavioural mechanisms.
SubEdit: a representation for editing measured heterogeneous subsurface scattering

In this paper we present SubEdit, a representation for editing the BSSRDF of heterogeneous subsurface scattering acquired from real-world samples. Directly editing measured raw data is difficult due to the non-local impact of heterogeneous subsurface scattering on the appearance. Our SubEdit representation decouples these non-local effects into the product of two local scattering profiles defined at respectively the incident and outgoing surface locations. This allows users to directly manipulate the appearance of single surface locations and to robustly make selections. To further facilitate editing, we reparameterize the scattering profiles into the local appearance concepts of albedo, scattering range, and profile shape. Our method preserves the visual quality of the measured material after editing by maintaining the consistency of subsurface transport for all edits. SubEdit fits measured data well while remaining efficient enough to support interactive rendering and manipulation. We illustrate the suitability of SubEdit as a representation for editing by applying various complex modifications on a wide variety of measured heterogeneous subsurface scattering materials.
Utilizing the Integral Technique to Determine the Similarity Variable in Classical Heat Transfer Problems: One Dimensional Heat Conduction in a Finite or Semi-Infinite Solid

In advanced heat transfer courses, a technique exists for reducing a partial differential equation where the dependent variable is a function of two independent variables, to an ordinary differential equation where that same dependent variable becomes a function of only one independent variable. The key to this technique is finding out what the similarity variable to make this transformation is. The difficulty is that the form of the similarity variable is not intuitive, and many heat transfer textbooks do not reveal how this variable is found in classical problems such as viscous and thermal boundary layer theory. It turns out that one way to find this variable is by utilizing the integral technique. By employing the integral technique to boundary layer theory, it will be shown that when the approximate functional relationship for the dependent variable (temperature, velocity, etc) can be represented by an nth order polynomial, the similarity variable can be found very simply. This is seen to be a good tool especially in heat transfer education, but has applications in research as well.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Operation of a high-harmonic gyrofrequency multiplier

The operation of a sixth-harmonic gyrofrequency multiplier is described. The initial experimental results produced 3.5 kW of 17.23 GHz radiation from a 260 keV, 0.3 A, α=v⊥/v∥=4.8 axis-encircling electron beam in a near uniform magnetic field. The output cavity conversion efficiency was measured at 4.5% compared to the predicted value of 8% from a nonlinear simulation code. The design for a higher power, higher efficiency device utilizing magnetic tapering is also presented.
Aromatization of hexane over Pt/KL catalyst: Role of intracrystalline diffusion on catalyst performance using isotope labeling

Abstract Aromatization of hexane using an equimolar mixture of C 6 H 14 and C 6 D 14 was investigated over 1%Pt/KL at 500 °C and 1 atm. There is hardly any kinetic isotope effect indicating that entry of hexane molecules into the wider lobes of the channels of L-zeolite through the narrow apertures leads to single-file hexane access to Pt 0 sites. The catalyst displayed high activity and selectivity to benzene and excellent stability at the tested conditions during hexane dehydrocyclization. It is proposed that controlling the entry of hexane into the lobes of the L-zeolite containing the active sites is the reason for the exceptional Pt/KL catalytic performance for aromatization because the narrow windows of the L-zeolite channels inhibit the occurrence of bimolecular reactions that lead to coke formation and catalyst deactivation.
Industrial and Regional Restructuring in the US Women's Dress Industry, 1963 – 92:

In this paper we explore the impacts of competition on the US women's dress industry and examine the response of that industry in the form of technological change, industrial reorganization, and regional relocation. We demonstrate that women's dress producers adopted varying strategies to cope with competitive pressure at different time periods and in different places. In the 1960s, the dress industry was characterized by two main trends: technological change and domestic relocation of plants from the US northeast to the southeast and west. From the 1970s onwards, organizational changes became increasingly important as firms in core dress-production states such as California and New York externalized growing volumes of labor-intensive work. In part, the value added of this contribution to debates about industrial restructuring lies in our use of plant-level data that allow a richer understanding of the dynamics of industrial competition.
VRI Photometry of Late Dwarf Common Proper Motion Pairs

From the photometric observations of a sample of late dwarf common proper motion pairs it may be inferred that about 30% – 50% of such systems contain one or more additional stellar components. A small fraction of such systems have separations in excess of 5000 A.U.
Concentration dependence on the linear and non-linear optical properties of Disperse Red 19 doped polymers

A detailed examination of the effect of loading density on the hyperpolarizability of Disperse Red 19 (DR-19) in maleic anhydride copolymer has been performed using hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS). The hyperpolarizability of the polymeric solutions measured by HRS roughly tracks the concentration in the polymer, but also shows evidence of interactions between the pendant DR-19 groups in the chain as the distance between pendant groups decreases with increasing concentration.
International learning: antecedents and performance implications among newly internationalizing companies in an exporting context

This study employs learning‐based theory to shed light on performance among newly internationalizing companies. Earlier studies have suggested that learning is an important goal for firms pursuing international diversification. Unlike previous studies which have focused their attention on one aspect of learning, this study examines three kinds of learning from internationalization: technological, market, and social. The impact of top management's prior international experience and cultural diversity on the three types of learning were also examined to understand their contingency effects. Consistent with social capital theory, external networks with suppliers and customers are a major contributor to a firm's international performance. Also, the findings for the influence of market learning on firm performance support the assumptions underlying the resource‐based view of the firm. However, mixed results were obtained for the relationship between technological learning and firm performance. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.