cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Limited-Memory Deflated Conjugate Gradient for Solid Mechanics

The primary computational bottle-neck in finite element based solid mechanics is the solution of the underlying linear systems of equations. Among the various numerical methods for solving such linear systems, the deflated conjugate gradient (DCG) is well-known for its efficiency and simplicity.The first contribution of this paper is an extension of the “rigid-body agglomeration” concept used in DCG to a “curvature-sensitive agglomeration”. The latter exploits, classic Kirchoff-Love theory for plates and Euler-Bernoulli theory for beams. We demonstrate that curvature-sensitive agglomeration is much more efficient for highly ill-conditioned problems arising from thin structures.The second contribution is a strategy for a limited-memory assembly-free DCG where neither the stiffness matrix nor the deflation matrix is assembled. The resulting implementation is particularly well suited for large-scale problems, and can be easily ported to multi-core architectures. For example, we show that one can solve a 50 million degree of freedom system on a single GPU card, equipped with 3 GB of memory.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Tremorgenic Syndromes in Livestock

Grasses that are essential components of livestock grazing programs sometimes are the source of tremorgenic toxicants to the animals consuming them. Morbidity can be high but mortality need not be if management closely observes the cattle daily and removes them at first sign of trouble. Specific treatment generally is not available nor needed. Survivors recover completely within a few days or weeks, except in chronic phalaris poisoning, where sheep and cattle may die after prolonged illness--or at least not make an economical recovery. Certain poisonous plants are responsible for tremorgenic signs in livestock and horses. White snakeroot and rayless goldenrod pose a public health risk to individuals who might drink milk from a goat or cow grazing toxic amounts of these weeds. Poisonous weeds and trees often are a local or regional problem, and often are seasonal. A veterinarian new to the area who has a food animal practice should seek out information relative to poisonous plants, nutritional deficiencies, and diseases endemic to the practice area. The ability of certain fungi to produce toxic metabolites in feed-stuffs creates the potential for tremorgenic or other types of toxicosis in most classes of livestock. Wet grain byproducts from ethanol production and other processes can provide the right culture media for fungi.
Fuel injection and carburetion for dual fuel capability of IC engines

INTRODUCTION The General Aviation industry is concernedthat the banning of the use of tetraethyl lead for automotive fuels may be expanded to include aviation fuels. Therefore the GA industry is investigating alternatives to the currently available lead containing 100 LL Avgas. Alternative fuels such as octane, can provide a safe level of power and antiknock performance to the existing fleet. The same is true for a clean burning renewable fuel like Ethanol (E95) with an octane number 112.5. This paper discusses a reliable all mechanical fuelsystem conversion, which permits operation on either E95 or 100 LL Avgas. A fuel injector is connected in parallel to the unmodified carburetor. The fuel injector is only activated when operating on E95. Landing and take-off on either fuel remains conventional with mixture control in the full rich position. In-flight fuel type change-over at cruise power has been demonstrated repeatedly without loss of RPM. This conversion requires keeping both fuels 100 LL Avgas and E95 in separate tanks. One of the advantages of separating the fuels is that the aircraft can be stored with avgas in the fuel system so as to minimize fuel system corrosion and cold starting problems below 60°F.
Surgery of the anterior skull base for malignant tumors.

Surgery of the anterior skull base for malignant tumors. Craniofacial resection is one of the surgical approaches for treatment of malignant tumours near or involving the anterior skull base. The indications, preoperative evaluation, surgical procedure, reconstruction, complications and prognostic factors are discussed.
A Tool Integrating Model Checking into a C Verification Toolset

Frama-C is an extensible C verification framework that includes support for abstract interpretation and deductive verification. We have extended it with model checking based on counterexample guided refinement. This paper discusses our tool and outlines the major challenges faced here, and likely to be faced in other similar tools.
Cultural discourses of privacy: Interrogating globalized workplace relationships in Japan

ABSTRACTUsing Carbaugh’s (2005. Cultures in conversation. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2007. Cultural discourse analysis: Communication practices and intercultural encounters. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 36(3), 167–182) cultural discourse analysis and Petronio’s (2002. Boundaries of privacy: Dialectics of disclosure. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press) Communication Privacy Management (CPM) Theory, this study highlights four cultural premises that garner intercultural privacy management between foreign English language teachers (ELTs) and Japanese coworkers (JCWs) in Japan. The analysis revealed that ELTs: (a) expected not to be a “free space” for privacy inquisition by JCWs, and (b) expected voluntary reciprocity in (egalitarian) workplace relationships. JCWs viewed: (a) privacy inquisitions as acts of kindness/caring and (b) soliciting help from a supervisor as providing opportunities for better care. This study calls for attention to intercultural privacy management an...
Neuromyelitis optica unmasked by a spinal dural arteriovenous fistula

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMO-SD) and spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) can both cause longitudinally extensive myelopathy. We describe a case of longitudinally extensive myelopathy attributed to a SDAVF. Despite treatment, myelopathy recurred and led to subsequent NMO-SD diagnosis. We consider a possible link between the two disorders which may shed light on the pathophysiology of NMO-SD. To our knowledge, this is the first published case of co-existent NMO-SD and SDAVF leading to myelopathy.
Who will join and who will decline: An analysis of factors influencing a firm's decisions to join cooperative research centers

While most cooperative research centers (CRCs) receive funding from the government, maintaining a high level of industrial support is key to the survival for these ventures (e.g., IUCRCs, ERCs, STCs). However, the literature is almost silent on the effectiveness of various recruitment strategies and the decision making processes and evaluation criteria firms use when deciding whether to join or decline participation in a CRC. In this abstract we report findings from a multi-stage project that has involved interviewing center directors about marketing practices and qualitative interviews and a questionnaire-based multivariate predictive study (in progress) of firms that recently made the decision to join or decline participation. Implications for center managers, policy makers and future research are discussed.
Effect of droplet size, droplet placement, and gas dissolution on throughput and defect rate in UV nanoimprint lithography

Simulation of multidrop spreading in ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography is performed to study the effects of droplet size, droplet arrangement, droplet placement error, and gas diffusion on filling-time and defects. Simulations are carried out for square, hexagonal, and modified hexagonal arrangements of up to 1024 droplets ink-jetted on a substrate to determine the optimum arrangement for minimum imprint time. The effect of error in droplet placement by the inkjet dispenser on the imprint time for different droplet sizes is also investigated. The square droplet arrangement leads to the shortest fluid filling time for a flat template. The filling time increases significantly for droplet placement errors of more than 0.01% relative to the width of the substrate. A model is presented to study the diffusion of gas encapsulated between droplets into the resist. A dimensionless parameter α ∼μD/kHγHo measures the relative importance gas diffusion to hydrodynamics, where D is the gas diffusion constant, kH is t...
Orthogonal Genetic Regulation in Human Cells Using Chemically Induced CRISPR/Cas9 Activators

The concerted action of multiple genes in a time-dependent manner controls complex cellular phenotypes, yet the temporal regulation of gene expressions is restricted on a single-gene level, which limits our ability to control higher-order gene networks and understand the consequences of multiplex genetic perturbations. Here we developed a system for temporal regulation of multiple genes. This system combines the simplicity of CRISPR/Cas9 activators for orthogonal targeting of multiple genes and the orthogonality of chemically induced dimerizing (CID) proteins for temporal control of CRISPR/Cas9 activator function. In human cells, these transcription activators exerted simultaneous activation of multiple genes and orthogonal regulation of different genes in a ligand-dependent manner with minimal background. We envision that our system will enable the perturbation of higher-order gene networks with high temporal resolution and accelerate our understanding of gene–gene interactions in a complex biological se...
Soft Cysteine Signaling Network: The Functional Significance of Cysteine in Protein Function and the Soft Acids/Bases Thiol Chemistry That Facilitates Cysteine Modification

The unique biophysical and electronic properties of cysteine make this molecule one of the most biologically critical amino acids in the proteome. The defining sulfur atom in cysteine is much larger than the oxygen and nitrogen atoms more commonly found in the other amino acids. As a result of its size, the valence electrons of sulfur are highly polarizable. Unique protein microenvironments favor the polarization of sulfur, thus increasing the overt reactivity of cysteine. Here, we provide a brief overview of the endogenous generation of reactive oxygen and electrophilic species and specific examples of enzymes and transcription factors in which the oxidation or covalent modification of cysteine in those proteins modulates their function. The perspective concludes with a discussion of cysteine chemistry and biophysics, the hard and soft acids and bases model, and the proposal of the Soft Cysteine Signaling Network: a hypothesis proposing the existence of a complex signaling network governed by layered che...
How Do Online Reviews Affect Business Travelers' Accommodation Choices?: The Application of Theory of Reasoned Action TRA

This research focused on parameters of online reviews that affect business travelers` attitude and subjective norm on intention to purchase. The sub-constructs of attitude include: the quality of offered service, the value of money, hotel business facility, hotel security, food and beverage, and service recovery. Panel database, which was provided by Qualtrics, was used to examine the hypotheses of this study. Data was collected from 275 business travelers who stayed at a hotel in the last six months and read e-comments in advance of the purchase. Results of hypotheses testing indicated that quality of offered service, the value of money, and subjective norm have a positive effect on business travelers` intention to purchase. The findings of this research can help both hoteliers and online-review website operators. Since business travelers are considered an important target market in the hotel industry, hoteliers need to put more emphasis on these factors to attract more business travelers.
Pro- and Antiarrhythmic Actions of Sulfonylureas: Mechanistic and Clinical Evidence

Sulfonylureas are the most commonly used second-line drug class for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). While the cardiovascular safety of sulfonylureas has been examined in several trials and nonrandomized studies, little is known of their specific effects on sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and related serious arrhythmic outcomes. This knowledge gap is striking, because persons with DM are at increased risk of SCA. In this review, we explore the influence of sulfonylureas on the risk of serious arrhythmias, with specific foci on ischemic preconditioning, cardiac excitability, and serious hypoglycemia as putative mechanisms. Elucidating the relationship between individual sulfonylureas and serious arrhythmias is critical, especially as the diabetes epidemic intensifies and SCA incidence increases in persons with diabetes.
Central Hypoventilation: A Rare Complication of Wallenberg Syndrome

Central alveolar hypoventilation disorders denote conditions resulting from underlying neurologic disorders affecting the sensors, the central controller, or the integration of those signals leading to insufficient ventilation and reduction in partial pressures of oxygen. We report a patient who presented with a left lateral medullary ischemic stroke after aneurysm repair who subsequently developed a rare complication of CAH. Increased awareness of this condition's clinical manifestations is crucial to make an accurate diagnosis and understand its complications and prognosis.
A positive experience of a clinical attachment

Two hours after the shock of discovering that I had failed part 2 of the membership exam of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (MRCOG) for the second time, I decided that it was the time to try a clinical attachment in the United Kingdom. I was fed up and needed to know what else I had to do to pass. I had previously thought about doing a clinical attachment but discarded the idea as being too expensive and not beneficial. I was naive to think that a clinical attachment would be easy to arrange. I browsed the web to find the addresses of hospitals in the United Kingdom and then contacted them (300 postal letters). I received many replies, but no one wanted to take me. At …
Complex flow and temperature history during melt extrusion in material extrusion additive manufacturing

Abstract 3D printing using the materials extrusion additive manufacturing (ME-AM) process is highly nonisothermal. In this process, a solid polymer filament is mechanically drawn into a heated hot end (liquefier) where the polymer is ideally melted to a viscous liquid. This melt is extruded through an orifice using applied pressure of the solid filament that is continuously being drawn into the extruder. The extruded filament melt is deposited to build up the desired part. The poor thermal conductivity of most polymers inevitably leads to temperature gradients, in both the radial and axial directions. Here we quantify the temperature evolution of the polymer filament in axial direction using embedded fine thermocouples as a function of process parameters. Information about the radial gradients is obtained by introducing dye markers within the filament through understanding the flow behavior through the extruder by the deformation of the dye from a linear to pseudo parabolic profile. The polymer is heated above the glass transition temperature for less than 30 s for reasonable print conditions with the center of the filament remaining cooler than the liquefier temperature throughout the process. These process measurements provide critical data to enable improved simulation and modeling of the ME-AM process and the properties of the printed parts.
International Normalized Ratio (INR)

International normalized ratio (INR) is the preferred test of choice for patients taking vitamin K antagonists (VKA). It can also be used to assess the risk of bleeding or the coagulation status of the patients. Patients taking oral anticoagulants are required to monitor INR to adjust the VKA doses because these vary between patients. The INR is derived from prothrombin time (PT) which is calculated as a ratio of the patient’s PT to a control PT standardized for the potency of the thromboplastin reagent developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) using the following formula: INR = Patient PT ÷ Control PT PT, the time in seconds, is measured in plasma to form a clot in the presence of sufficient concentration of calcium and tissue thromboplastin by activating coagulation via the extrinsic pathway. The reference values for INR take into account in PT measurement in device related variations, type of reagents used, and sensitivity differences in the TF activator. INR value is dimensionless and ranges from a score of 2.0 to 3.0. Optimizing the patient’s INR therapeutic range can be challenging as narrow therapeutic range had been seen in VKAs and can be affected by patient's characteristics, co-morbid conditions, diet, and other drug interactions. Patients are monitored every 3–4 weeks or less at the thrombosis centers (TC), point-of-care (POC) clinics, or in the home setting.
Physiologic basis for the pharmacologic use of recombinant human erythropoietin in surgery and cancer treatment

Background Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is approved for the treatment of the anemia of chronic kidney failure and anemia associated with zidovudine therapy of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In chronic kidney failure and other conditions such as cancer and hematologic malignancies, the endogenous erythropoietin response to anemia is blunted and rHuEPO might be beneficial in these conditions. Methods We reviewed preclinical and clinical trial results with rHuEPO in a variety of conditions. Results It is clear that chronic anemias of several causes respond to pharmacologic doses of rHuEPO. rHuEPO has been shown to enhance erythropoiesis before elective surgery, reduce the number of patients exposed to homologous blood at the time of coronary artery bypass grafting, reverse the anemia in most patients with cancer, and result in clinical benefit in 25% to 35% of patients with myelodysplasia. Conclusions rHuEPO is important as a therapeutic means to correct anemia. rHuEPO is likely to be useful in correcting chronic anemias or anemias associated with chemotherapy, particularly in those patients with expected long-term survival. Issues to be resolved include the accurate prediction and targeting of rHuEPO therapy for patients most likely to respond.
On the Use of Aircraft in the Observation of One- and Two-Dimensional Ocean Wave Spectra

Aircraft have been utilized for a number of years to observe various characteristics of wind-generated ocean waves. The techniques involved are both active and passive and incorporate sensors which operate in the microwave and optical regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. This paper reviews a number of such sensors and presents data in support of their utility. It is found that aircraft can play an important role in a wave monitoring program.
Karl Pearson Chi-Square Test The Dawn of Statistical Inference

Specification or stochastic modeling of data is an important step in statistical analysis of data. Karl Pearson was the first to recognize this problem and introduce a criterion, in a paper published in 1900, to examine whether the observed data support a given specification. He called it chi-square goodnessof-fit test, which motivated research in testing of hypotheses and estimation of unknown parameters and led to the development of statistics as a separate discipline. Efron (1995) says, “Karl Pearson’s famous chi-square paper appeared in the spring of 1900, an auspicious beginning to a wonderful century for the field of statistics.”
Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) for in situ characterization of thin film growth

This chapter discusses the application of ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to study the electronic structure of thin films synthesized in situ using film growth techniques such as molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The chapter first describes the principles of photoemission spectroscopy and the current experimental state of this technique. Then, particular examples such as UPS and ARPES studies of in situ thin films of SrRuO 3 and La 1 − x Sr x MnO 3 are detailed.
Mutual Fund Investor Learning and the Economic Cost of Seeking Alpha

This study analyzes how equity mutual fund investor behavior has changed over time, and the associated impact on investor returns. First, we find that from 1991-2016 investor return-chasing behavior declined and more recently disappeared, while investor flows have become more sensitive to expenses, past risk and alpha. We also present evidence that these changes correspond to changes in word usage and attention to alphas, past returns and fund expenses in the popular press and academic journals. Investors now pay more attention to fund characteristics that have the potential to improve future performance (e.g. risk, alpha and expenses), and less attention to characteristics that don’t (e.g. past returns). Second, we examine the effect of increased attention to fund alphas on investors’ realized performance. We confirm the well-documented positive persistence of alpha, but note that this positive cross-sectional persistence in alphas measures the net effect of two distinct phenomena: the cross-sectional variation in average alphas across funds (Harvey and Liu, 2018), and the time-series autocorrelation of alpha within each fund. Both properties are independently relevant: fund selection relates to investors’ ability to exploit variation in alphas across funds; timing relates to the ability to exploit the autocorrelation patterns within a given fund. We show that at the fund level, alphas have strong negative serial correlation. Lastly we decompose total mutual fund investor Performance Gap into fund selection and timing components, then further decompose each of these into pieces related to each individual determinant of the cashflow, so that we can determine how much each individual behavior contributes to both fund selection and timing. Even though investors realize some benefit from selecting high-alpha funds (smart money), they time their cash flows very poorly by investing in those funds after periods with the highest realized alphas (dumb money). The dumb money effect dominates, and we show that chasing alphas reduces investor returns by three times as much as chasing past returns. Overall, our results suggest that mutual fund investors have learned that alpha is important, but have not yet learned how to effectively integrate this knowledge into their investment decisions.
Cancer Classification from Healthy DNA using Machine Learning

The genome is traditionally viewed as a time-independent source of information; a paradigm that drives researchers to seek correlations between the presence of certain genes and a patient's risk of disease. This analysis neglects genomic temporal changes, which we believe to be a crucial signal for predicting an individual's susceptibility to cancer. We hypothesize that each individual's genome passes through an evolution channel (The term channel is motivated by the notion of communication channel introduced by Shannon in 1948 and started the area of Information Theory), that is controlled by hereditary, environmental and stochastic factors. This channel differs among individuals, giving rise to varying predispositions to developing cancer. We introduce the concept of mutation profiles that are computed without any comparative analysis, but by analyzing the short tandem repeat regions in a single healthy genome and capturing information about the individual's evolution channel. Using machine learning on data from more than 5,000 TCGA cancer patients, we demonstrate that these mutation profiles can accurately distinguish between patients with various types of cancer. For example, the pairwise validation accuracy of the classifier between PAAD (pancreas) patients and GBM (brain) patients is 93%. Our results show that healthy unaffected cells still contain a cancer-specific signal, which opens the possibility of cancer prediction from a healthy genome.
“I have the highest GPA, but I can’t be the valedictorian?”: two black males’ exclusionary valedictory experiences

ABSTRACTBeing the valedictorian is the highest honor bestowed upon a senior. Unfortunately, that was not the case for Jeffrey and Autry, the two high-achieving African American male participants in this critical race qualitative study, who were short-changed of their valedictorian status. Their cases reveal three themes: (1) these Black male students were shocked they did not receive this honor and were exploited in the process, (2) there were unfair institutional policies and practices associated with this title, and (3) there were drastic differences regarding the academic expectations for other students who were vying for this valedictory designation. Therefore, these African American male students experienced this academic honor as an exclusionary enterprise. Implications for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers are shared to mitigate the barriers associated with the valedictory accolade.
Design Principles and Optimization of a Planar Underactuated Hand for Caging Grasps

In this paper we address the problem of creating planar caging grasps on objects using simple, underactuated grippers with no sensing or control. Specifically, we examine how changes in mechanical compliance, passive adaptability due to underactuation, and finger phalanx length affect the ability to create caging grasps passively, by altering the free-swing motion of the fingers. We present a simple model for simulating the underactuated hand, develop a metric for quantifying a hand design’s caging ability, and perform a design parameter space search to reveal the important design factors influencing passive caging behavior. The results show that both palm width and the interplay between joint spring stiffness and pulley radius ratios play the largest roles in determining caging behavior. The effect of varying design parameters on the caging grasp performance of the hand is discussed, the best resulting design is shown, and a list of principles to guide the design of simple underactuated hands for caging grasps is presented.
Letting the Arbitrator Decide Unconscionability Challenges

This article examines how courts are allocating jurisdictional questions relating to unconscionability to the arbitrator, and assesses the approach of U.S. courts to this issue from a historical and comparative perspective. The U.S. allocation rule is evolving towards one of deference to the arbitrator, allowing the arbitrator to make an initial determination of whether there is an enforceable agreement to arbitrate. As a matter of timing, the U.S. approach is becoming more similar to that of France. Such an approach, especially in the commercial sphere, has the potential to be relatively efficient and consistent. But in the context of mandatory arbitration of employment, franchise and consumer disputes, such a delegation of authority to the arbitrator effectively removes an important check (the unconscionability doctrine) on the use of one-sided arbitration clauses. Although under French arbitration law, courts defer to the arbitrator’s jurisdictional determinations until the award-enforcement stage, French law prohibits pre-dispute arbitration of consumer and employment disputes. Recent U.S. arbitrability decisions may prompt Congress to set similar limits on mandatory arbitration. In a subset of U.S. arbitrability decisions, courts have applied dictum from First Options of Chicago, Inc. v. Kaplan to find that parties to a standard form, mandatory arbitration agreement contracted for the arbitrator to determine whether the arbitration agreement is unconscionable. The Supreme Court’s recent decision in Rent-A-Center West v. Jackson appears to uphold this line of case law. However, since Rent-A-Center is based on the separability rule of Prima Paint v. Flood & Conklin Manufacturing Co., the decision leaves unresolved important questions regarding the scope and implications of the First Options dictum.
Support for client-centered evaluations for detecting functional impairments among breast cancer survivors one to five years after treatment

Date Presented 04/05/19 This study provides support for client-centered perceived function evaluation tools compared to nonindividualized physical function assessment to assess breast cancer survivors' function. The COPM detected 30 to 39% perceived impairment (PI) in self-care, 40 to 44% PI in productive activities, and 40 to 47% PI in leisure activities. The DASH detected approximately 8% more physical function impairments and symptoms than the general population (17.8 vs 10.1). Primary Author and Speaker: Anne Fleischer Additional Authors and Speakers: Mary Fisher, Laurie Bunger
Protect Your Pacemaker: Blockchain based Authentication and Consented Authorization for Implanted Medical Devices

Abstract Existing implanted medical devices often do not use any form of authentication due to resource constraints, resulting in unauthorized access or programming of devices. In this paper, we introduce Medical Implant Consent (MedIC), a non-embedded, blockchain-based solution that provides authentication and authorization according to patient consent. We design protocols for doctors to obtain digital medical licenses and for patients to obtain and verify digital patient consent. We evaluate the performance and cost of our solution, using time measurements and memory footprint of relevant operations. We also enumerate our cryptographic operations and compute the energy with benchmarked measurements. Our results demonstrate a memory footprint of 4436 MB and timing delay of 200 ms to authenticate according to our patient’s consent.
Reintegrate Empowerment and Health Literacy to Advance Public Health and Healthcare Delivery

Empowerment has been described as a prerequisite for health and the ultimate goal of health literacy in both clinical practice and health promotion. Improving health literacy and empowerment is central to national and international public health and healthcare policies. While initially merged in the construct of critical health literacy, and currently linked without question in policy and discourse, health literacy and empowerment have been dichotomized - treated as two separate fields of study and practice - and partitioned further into condition-based lines of inquiry. Few studies have addressed both concepts. Indeed, references to empowerment in health literacy studies have decreased over the last decade. This chapter summarizes and interprets the significance of these fault lines for current and future research. Divergent clinical and health promotion perceptions of health empowerment, its expected outcomes, processes, interventions and measures are reviewed. Gaps in the literature are identified and recommendations are suggested to build a more robust science around health literacy and empowerment by addressing those limitations. The chapter reinforces recent calls for increased attention to empowerment in health literacy research and the reintegration of the critical health literacy concept to better reflect policy, achieve global public health goals, advance healthcare delivery, and foster multidisciplinary career opportunities for students, researchers, and practitioners.
Massive Pulmonary Embolism Complicating Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia: A Case Report

Background Patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia are hypercoagulable and are at risk for acute pulmonary embolism. Timely diagnosis is imperative for their prognosis and recovery. This case describes an otherwise healthy 55-year-old man with respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilatory support secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia. Massive acute pulmonary embolism with right heart failure complicated his course. Case A healthy 55-year-old man presented to our emergency department (ED) with a sore throat, cough, and myalgia. A nasopharyngeal swab was obtained, and he was discharged for home quarantine. His swab turned positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection on real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay (RT-PCR) on day 2 of his ED visit. A week later, he represented with worsening shortness of breath, requiring intubation for hypoxic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 pneumonia. Initially, he was easy to oxygenate, had no hemodynamic compromise, and was afebrile. On day 3, he became febrile and developed significant hemodynamic instability requiring maximum vasopressor support and oxygenation difficulty. His ECG revealed sinus tachycardia with S1Q3T3 pattern. On bedside TTE, there was evidence of right heart strain and elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 45 mmHg. All data was indicative of a massive APE as the etiology for his hemodynamic collapse. A decision was made to forgo computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA), given his clinical instability, and systemic thrombolytic therapy was administered. Within the next 12-24 hours, his hemodynamic status significantly improved. Conclusions This case highlights the importance of considering massive APE in COVID-19 patients as a cause of the sudden and rapid hemodynamic decline. Furthermore, timely diagnosis can be made to aid in appropriate management with the help of bedside TTE and ECG in cases where CTPA is not feasible secondary to the patient's hemodynamic instability.
Deflating Fascism in Max Steiner’s Score for The Most Dangerous Game

This article examines Max Steiner’s original score for the 1932 RKO Production of The Most Dangerous Game. Steiner’s score quotes from a piece of piano music, “Russian Waltz,” which he composed for the film’s villain, Count Zaroff, to play within the film’s diegesis. His vast orchestral underscore liberally quotes the main motif of his piano work. Using a hermeneutic approach, the article argues that Steiner’s orchestral underscore reinforces the film’s anti-fascist narrative potentials by linking Count Zaroff’s motif to his enterprise of hunting human beings and specifically to the sexual satisfaction the Count draws from his gruesome fetish. The motif itself undergoes a myriad of expansions and contractions, intensifications and relaxations, charting the ups and downs of Zaroff’s fortunes. Based on archival research, hermeneutic analysis, and a close reading of both the film and its source material, the article concludes that Steiner participated in crafting an anti-fascist film at a signal moment in history.
Two-Stage Electricity Markets with Renewable Energy Integration: Market Mechanisms and Equilibrium Analysis

We consider a two-stage market mechanism for trading electricity including renewable generation as an alternative to the widely used multi-settlement market structure. The two-stage market structure allows for recourse decisions by the market operator, which are not possible in today's markets. We allow for different conventional generation cost curves in the forward and the real-time stages. We have considered costs of demand response programs and black outs, and adopt a DC power flow model to account for network constraints. Our first result is to show existence (by construction) of a sequential competitive equilibrium (SCEq) in such a two-stage market. We argue social welfare properties of such an SCEq, and then design a market mechanism that achieves social welfare maximization when the market participants are non-strategic. We also show that under either a congestion-free or a monopoly-free condition, an efficient Nash equilibrium exists.
An upcycled IoT: building tomorrow's IoT out of today's household possessions

An upcycled approach uses everyday objects as design material for IoT systems by enabling users to make their "dumb" objects "smart." Adopting this approach, IoT Codex realizes a new socially informed, context-aware computing and end-user programming.
The Global Spread of Cyber Forces, 2000–2018

Although militaries have been building cyber capabilities since the late 1980s, formalized military organizations for these capabilities have only recently emerged. These cyber forces-active-duty military organizations that possess the capability and authority to direct and control cyberspace operations for strategic ends-have spread rapidly across the international system since the first few years of the 21 st century. This article catalogues the development of cyber forces across the globe and assesses the various force structures. Existing research has largely been confined to examinations of cyber forces in North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) member states. This article provides a broader view of global developments by introducing new data on the worldwide spread of cyber forces from 2000 to 2018. It also offers a typology for assessing cyber force structure based on both organizational model (branch, service, or joint model) and the scale of command (subordinated, sub-unified, or unified). As a result, this article identifies nine distinct cyber force structures. Empirical analysis reveals that 61 United Nations member states had created a cyber force by 2018. Contrary to conventional expectations, this analysis shows increasing variation in cyber force structure over time; no dominant organizational model or force structure has emerged.11Position funded by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). 22This article was supported by a U.S. Institute of Peace-Minerva Peace Scholar Award from USIP. The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Institute of Peace.
Polarimetric Doppler Weather Radar: T-matrix method

The transition (or T-) matrix method is a numerical scattering solution first developed by Waterman (1971), and is also referred to as the extended boundary condition method (EBCM). Barber and Yeh (1975) give a clear exposition of the method for dielectric particles, and the computational method for rotationally symmetric particles is fully described in the book by Barber and Hill (1990). Only a brief overview of the method is provided here since it has been used extensively in the past for radar meteorological applications (e.g. Seliga and Bringi 1978).
Probing the assembly of the 3' major domain of 16 S ribosomal RNA. Quaternary interactions involving ribosomal proteins S7, S9 and S19.

Abstract We have studied the effect of assembly of ribosomal proteins S7, S9 and S19 on the accessibility and conformation of nucleotides in 16 S ribosomal RNA. Complexes formed between 16 S rRNA and S7, S7+S9, S7+S19 or S7+S9+S19 were subjected to a combination of chemical and enzymatic probes, whose sites of attack in 16 S rRNA were identified by primer extension. The results of this study show that: 1. (1) Protein S7 affects the reactivity of an extensive region in the lower half of the 3′ major domain. Inclusion of proteins S9 or S19 with S7 has generally little additional effect on S7-specific protection of the RNA. Clusters of nucleotides that are protected by protein 87 are localized in the 935–945 region, the 950/1230 stem, the 1250/1285 internal loop, and the 1350/1370 stem. 2. (2) Addition of protein S9 in the presence of S7 causes several additional effects principally in two structurally distal regions. We observe strong S9-dependent protection of positions 1278 to 1283, and of several positions in the 1125 1145 internal lopp. These findings suggest that interaction of protein S9 with 16 S rRNA results in a structure in which the 1125/1145 and 1280 regions are proximal to each other. 3. (3) Most of the strong S19-dependent effects are clustered in the 950–1050 and 1210–1230 regions, which are joined by base-pairing in the 16 S rRNA secondary structure. The highly conserved 960–975 stemp-loop, which has been implicated in tRNA binding, appears to be destabilized in the presence of S19. 4. (4) Protein S7 causes enhanced reactivity at several sites that become protected upon addition of S9 or S19. This suggests that S7-induced conformational changes in 16 S rRNA play a role in the co-operativity of assembly of the 3′ major domain.
Organic syntheses by means of metal complexes —VIII : Reactions of methyl trichloroacetate with olefins catalyzed by metal carbonyls

Abstract Reactions of methyl trichloroacetate with olefins catalyzed by dicobalt octacarbonyl, cyclopentadienylmolybdenum tricarbonyl dimer and cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl dimer have been studied. Products varied depending on catalyst nature. Methyl-4-alkyl-2,2,4-trichlorobutyrate was obtained by the cobalt catalyst. 4-Alkyl-2,2-dichloro-γ-butyrolactone was the main product by the molybdenum and iron catalysts.
Climatic Impact of Volcanic Emissions

Studying the impacts of volcanic eruptions on climate is important because it helps us improve climate models, it allows us to make seasonal and interannual climate forecasts following large eruptions, it provides support for nuclear winter theory, and it allows us to separate the natural causes of interdecadal climate change from anthropogenic effects, giving us greater confidence in the attribution of recent global warming to anthropogenic causes. While much has been learned since the large 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in the Philippines, there are still quite a few outstanding research problems, which are discussed here. These questions include: What exactly goes into the atmosphere during an explosive eruption? How can we better quantify the record of past climatically-significant volcanism? Can we design an improved system for measuring and monitoring the atmospheric gases and aerosols resulting from future eruptions? How can we better model the climatic impact of eruptions, including microphysics, chemistry, transport, radiation, and dynamical responses? How do high-latitude eruptions affect climate? How important are indirect effects of volcanic emissions on clouds? Where are the important potential sites for future eruptions?
Impact of add-on laboratory testing at an academic medical center: a five year retrospective study

Clinical laboratories frequently receive orders to perform additional tests on existing specimens (‘add-ons’). Previous studies have examined add-on ordering patterns over short periods of time. The objective of this study was to analyze add-on ordering patterns over an extended time period. We also analyzed the impact of a robotic specimen archival/retrieval system on add-on testing procedure and manual effort. In this retrospective study at an academic medical center, electronic health records from were searched to obtain all add-on orders that were placed in the time period of May 2, 2009 to December 31, 2014. During the time period of retrospective study, 880,359 add-on tests were ordered on 96,244 different patients. Add-on testing comprised 3.3 % of total test volumes. There were 443,411 unique ordering instances, leading to an average of 1.99 add-on tests per instance. Some patients had multiple episodes of add-on test orders at different points in time, leading to an average of 9.15 add-on tests per patient. The majority of add-on orders were for chemistry tests (78.8 % of total add-ons) with the next most frequent being hematology and coagulation tests (11.2 % of total add-ons). Inpatient orders accounted for 66.8 % of total add-on orders, while the emergency department and outpatient clinics had 14.8 % and 18.4 % of total add-on orders, respectively. The majority of add-ons were placed within 8 hours (87.3 %) and nearly all by 24 hours (96.8 %). Nearly 100 % of add-on orders within the emergency department were placed within 8 hours. The introduction of a robotic specimen archival/retrieval unit saved an average of 2.75 minutes of laboratory staff manual time per unique add-on order. This translates to 24.1 hours/day less manual effort in dealing with add-on orders. Our study reflects the previous literature in showing that add-on orders significantly impact the workload of the clinical laboratory. The majority of add-on orders are clinical chemistry tests, and most add-on orders occur within 24 hours of original specimen collection. Robotic specimen archival/retrieval units can reduce manual effort in the clinical laboratory associated with add-on orders.
Transfer of Human Preference to Smart Machines: A Case Study of Human Thermal Comfort Control

A new approach to thermal comfort control is presented. Thermal comfort control systems are complex systems in which the control objectives are vaguely defined by human preference. It is shown that there is a distict difference in the environmental preference from one person to another based on votes of thermal sensation provided by human subjects. A recursive algorithm for learning the individual preference is proposed. The algorithm changes a prediction of the thermal sensation by locally changing a stored representation of the system.
Mitochondrial Ribonucleic Acid from Cultured Animal Cells: COMPARISON OF PULSE-LABELED WITH STEADY STATE-LABELED RIBONUCLEIC ACID

Abstract Mitochondrial RNA from cultured hamster cells has been characterized with regard to centrifugal and metabolic properties. When cells were pulsed for 30 min with [3H]uridine, large amounts of labeled mitochondrion-specific RNA sedimented rather heterogeneously, with peaks centered at about 21 S and 25 S. This RNA turned over very rapidly, 70 to 75% being degraded during a 40-min chase. There were also pulse-labeled peaks corresponding to the discrete mitochondrion-specific fractions previously described in steady state-labeled samples, the 17 S and 13 S ribosomal components, and a 4 S fraction. The ribosomal peaks were labeled considerably less rapidly than the 21 S and 25 S fractions but more rapidly than the 4 S fraction. In addition, 13 S RNA was labeled significantly more rapidly than 17 S RNA. Pulse-labeled ribosomal RNA also turned over rapidly, approximately 50% being degraded during a 40-min chase, whereas steady state-labeled ribosomal RNA was relatively stable. The significance of this apparent wastage of nascent mitochondrial ribosomal RNA is unclear.
Pulmonary Fungal Infection Caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum

Neoscytalidium dimidiatum is a mold known to cause onychomycosis and dermatomycosis; however, it is an extremely rare cause of systemic infection. We report a case of pulmonary infection with Neoscytalidium dimidiatum in an immunocompromised patient and discuss in vitro susceptibility data from this case and previous literature.
Observation of oscillations in energy of Aharonov–Bohm excitons in type‐II ZnTe/ZnSe stacked submonolayer quantum dots

We report our recent experiments with type-II ZnTe/ZnSe stacked submonolayer quantum dots that show the dependence of photoluminescence (PL) emission energy on the magnetic field. This is explained as due to the excitonic Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect. The AB oscillations in energy are observed for each of the contributing emission bands and are correlated with the changes in the magneto-PL emission intensity. We propose that interplay of magneto-excitonic behavior, the Coulomb interaction and mixing of angular momentum states are responsible for the observed behavior of the AB excitons depending on the magnetic field ranges. (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cdk2 Kinase Is Required for Entry into Mitosis as a Positive Regulator of Cdc2–Cyclin B Kinase Activity

In higher eukaryotes, Cdk2 kinase plays an essential role in regulating the G1-S transition. Here, we use cycling Xenopus egg extracts to examine the requirement of Cdk2 kinase on progression into mitosis. Interestingly, when Cdk2 kinase activity is inhibited by the Cdk-specific inhibitor, p21Cip1, a block to mitosis occurs, and inactive Cdc2-cyclin B accumulates. This block occurs in the absence of nuclei and is not due to direct inhibition of Cdc2 by Cip. Importantly, this block to mitosis is reversible by restoring Cdk2-cyclin E kinase activity to a Cip-treated cycling extract. Moreover, immunodepletion of Cdk2 from interphase extracts prevents activation of Cdc2 upon the addition of exogenous cyclin B. Thus, our data show that Cdk2 kinase is a positive regulator of Cdc2-cyclin B complexes and establish a link between Cdk2 kinase and cell cycle progression into mitosis.