cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Severe Infantile Cortical Hyperostosis (Caffey Disease) in Siblings

Infantile cortical hyperostosis (ICH), Caffey disease, is a multifocal, inflammatory skeletal process with classic onset before the fifth month of life and resolution by the age of 3 years. A severe phenotype with early prenatal onset has also been described. Inheritance is generally accepted as autosomal dominant with variable expression and penetrance. However, occurrence in siblings with no family history has been reported, raising the possibility of heterogeneity and the existence of a severe autosomal recessive form. We describe a third family with prenatally diagnosed ICH in two siblings, providing further evidence for this form of inheritance. Sons, Ltd.
Three-Dimensional Echocardiography for Management of Structural Heart Disease

Echocardiography is the most common noninvasive tool for assessing cardiac structure and function. Realtime three-dimensional echocardiography expands the diagnostic capabilities of cardiac ultrasound. The available literature suggests that real-time three-dimensional echocardiography provides improved accuracy and reproducibility over two-dimensional methods for estimation of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction and for calculation of the valve area in patients with mitral and aortic stenosis. Its versatility in showing the relationship of cardiac structures in space makes it appealing for use in evaluating patients with congenital heart disease.
Comment on "Alternative method of imaging surface topologies of nonconducting bulk specimens by scanning tunneling microscopy"

A Comment on the Letter by J.-Y. Yuan, Z. Shao, and C. Gao, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 863 (1991).
Arced Labyrinth Weirs

AbstractThe discharge capacity and hydraulic efficiency of a labyrinth weir can be increased with an Arced cycle configuration. An Arced geometric layout for labyrinth weirs is presented, including nomenclature for arc-specific geometric variables. Discharge coefficients as a function of HT/P for half-round trapezoidal Arced labyrinth weirs with 6 and 12° sidewall angles are also presented. The hydraulic performance of the tested Arced labyrinth weir geometries is compared to Projecting and in-channel labyrinth configurations and to an arced weir (horseshoe weir) with a half-round crest, including the effects of approaching flow conditions and local submergence. Differences between geometrically similar and geometrically comparable Arced labyrinth weirs are identified and discussed.
Magnesium in sea water: an electrode measurement.

Magnesium ion in standard I.A.P.O. sea water was measured with a magnesium-sensitive electrode. The results, presented either as magnesiumion activity (0.017) or as the amount of ionized magnesium (0.048M or about 90 percent of the total magnesium), agree well with the data from the chemical model for sea water proprosed by Garrels and Thompson.
Equivalent circuits for reaction/diffusion sequences at three-phase electrodes

Abstract The formalism of complex, frequency-dependent reaction rate constants is employed to derive equivalent circuits for the interfacial impedance corresponding to a number of electrode reaction/diffusion/adsorption sequences which could occur at a three phase (electrolyte/metal/gas) electrode. The circuits include resistances, capacitances, and finite lengths of transmission line. The results lead to some general rules for constructing equivalent circuits for sequential or branched sequential electrode reaction processes.
Low Dimensional Modeling of Flow for Closed-Loop Flow Control

The focus of this work is on the use of detailed numerical simulation data to develop low dimensional models of a flow that can be used for the design of a control law for a feedback control-loop system. The subsonic flow over a shallow cavity was selected as the test bed. This research is an integral part of the closedloop flow control group at the Collaborative Center of Control Science at The Ohio State University. Numerical simulations were carried out using different modeling options and the preliminary results were compared with the experimental data. The simulation results showed that a quasi-3-D simulation, which solves the full 3-D Navier-Stokes equations but neglects the effects of the sidewalls, is a good compromise between providing sufficiently accurate data of the flow and quick turn around. The Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and Galerkin projection were used to obtain the spatial basis and the time evolution coefficient required for the low dimensional model. The results for the baseline case showed that four POD modes, using either a scalar or vector approach to determine norms, contain 96% of the energy and capture the essential dynamics of the flow. However, the system of ordinary differential equations for deriving the time coefficients for the reduced order model requires at least 8 modes with the vector approach, but does not converge with the scalar approach.
A simple student environment for lightweight process concurrent programming under SunOs

This paper describes a simplified student environment for lightweight processes (threads) under SunOs or compatible systems. The environment is built on top of the SunOs lwp package. A range of concurrency facilities are provided including critical sections, events and signals, and monitors. A hidden scheduler enhances the effects of the nondeterminacy, even for small student programs. A sample assignment is shown using the package.
Uniaxial compressive strength of frozen silt under constant deformation rates

Abstract Uniaxial compressive strength tests were conducted on remolded, saturated Fairbanks frozen silt under various constant machine speeds, temperatures and dry densities. Test results show that the peak strength σm of frozen silt is not sensitive to dry density (or water content) at −2°C, especially at relatively high strain rates, but is very sensitive to temperature and applied strain rate. However, the failure strain (strain at σm) is not sensitive to temperature and strain rate within a wide range of strain rate, but is very sensitive to dry density. It has been found that the initial yield strength σy consistently increases with decreasing dry unit weight. The initial yield strain (strain at σy) is almost independent of dry density and temperature, but varies with strain rate. Its magnitude ranges from 0.2 to 0.6% as strain rate varies from 1.1 × 10−6 to 5.7 × 10−3 s−1, which is very close to the strain at yield for fine-grained polycrystalline ice (Hawkes and Mellor, 1972; Mellor and Cole, 1982). The initial tangent modulus of frozen silt is found to be nearly independent of strain rate, but the 50% strength modulus is closely related to strain rate. The test results indicate that there is a definite relationship between the two moduli.
Mass Media and Environmental Conflict: America′s Green Crusades

Introduction Specialized Media Forest and Stream Magazine and the Redefinition of Hunting Mainstream Media The Radium Girls The Media and Social Change I. Mother of the Forest The Media and Social Change II. The Great Alaskan Land Fraud Media and Competing Power Groups A Big Dam Controversy Conflict Management and Scientific Understanding The 1920s Ethyl Leaded Gasoline Controversy The Importance of Dramatic Events The Donora Killer Smog and Smoke Abatement Campaigns Conclusion
The interaction between a penny-shaped crack and a spherical inhomogeneity in an infinite solid under uniaxial tension

This paper presents an approximate three-dimensional analytical solution to the elastic stress field of a penny-shaped crack and a spherical inhomogeneity embedded in an infinite and isotropic matrix. The body is subjected to an uniaxial tension applied at infinity. The inhomogeneity is also isotropic but has different elastic moduli from the matrix. The interaction between the crack and the inhomogeneity is treated by the superposition principle of elasticity theory and Eshelby's equivalent inclusion method. The stress intensity factor at the boundary of the penny-shaped crack and the stress field inside the inhomogeneity are evaluated in the form of a series which involves the ratio of the radii of the spherical inhomogeneity and the crack to the distance between the centers of inhomogeneity and crack. Numerical calculations are carried out and show the variation of the stress intensity factor with the configuration and the elastic properties of the matrix and the inhomogeneity.
Sociopolitical Ideology as a Determinant of Students' Perceptions of the University.

The effect of ideological self-identification on students' perceptions and evaluations of three academic stimulus objects is investigated. Sociopolitical ideologies do structure perceptions of the academic milieu; conservative and liberal students view academic objects differently and do not use the same dimensions when describing academic objects. In predicting students' political identifications stimulus objects as well as perceptual dimensions must be taken into account.
Mechanism of cryoinjury in biological systems

Abstract A new hypothesis, based on the assumption that intracellular water remains liquidlike below 0 °C and therefore its vapor pressure (vp) is greater than that of ice, is proposed to explain the mechanism of cryoinjury. On cooling, extra-cellular ice forms and a vp difference, Δ p , is created which increases with decreasing temperatures. A spontaneous process of water desorption and subsequent redistribution is prompted by the nonequilibrium state. Injury is the result of dehydration at slow cooling rates and membrane rupture at rapid rates. Penetrating cryoprotective agents improve survival rate by diminishing the migration rate and Δ p . The latter is achieved by lowering the vp of the intracellular fluid colligatively and increasing the vp of the extracellular solid. Differential thermal analysis of the aqueous solutions of glycerine, DMSO, and ammonium acetate provides experimental evidence that at concentrations at which these cryoprotective agents render full protection for red blood cells the frozen solid is amorphous glass instead of crystalline. Nonpenetrating agents protect only extracellular glass formation. Certain additives increase membrane permeability which at slow cooling rates is beneficial. The dimensional changes and thermogram of potato samples during temperature cycles are explicable by the proposed model. It is shown that the hypothesis is compatible with the most important modes of freezing injury already proposed, suggesting the primary cause leading to the creation under which they became operational.
Cardinal Utility in Welfare Economics and in the Theory of Risk-taking

From most branches of economics the concept of cardinal utility has been eliminated as redundant since ordinal utility has been found to suffice for doing the job. Cardinal utility has been kept only in welfare economics to support the demand for a more equal income distribution. Recently, however, the concept of cardinal utility has been introduced also in the theory of choices involving risk.1
Incidence of Heliothis zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and associated parasitoids in Virginia soybeans.

Heliothis zea (Boddie) larvae and eggs were collected from soybean fields in five Virginia counties during 1987 and six counties in 1988. Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) was the predominant parasitoid associated with H. zea larvae throughout the study. Greater H. zea larval density and rates of parasitism were observed in fields planted after 10 June than in fields that were planted earlier. High levels of parasitism occurred only in fields where the presence of M. croceipes coincided with first appearance of host larvae. Most parasitoids emerged from H. zea larvae collected as third or fourth instars. No parasitoids emerged from H. zea larvae sampled from field corn, suggesting that M. croceipes populations in soybeans do not originate from H. zea hosts in corn fields. Despite warm holding temperature, 14% of the M. croceipes prepupae collected in 1987 entered diapause in the laboratory and emerged in August the following year. This is evidence for the hypothesis that M. croceipes overwinter in soybean fields and emerge in summer to coincide with first presence of H. zea larvae. Less than 4% of collected H. zea eggs were parasitized by Trichogrammatidae in Eastern Shore counties. However, high levelsof egg parasitism, >90% on some sample dates, occurred in fields in the Northern Neck.
Methionine Hydroxy Analog in Diets for Lactating Cows

Abstract In two trials in consecutive years 47 and 50 lactating Holstein cows were assigned to grain mixtures that contained 0, .1, .2, and .3% methionine hydroxy analog. Experimental diets were offered to the cows beginning two weeks prepartum, and collection of data was begun 4 days postpartum. Grain was fed as a proportion of body weight. Individual intakes of dry matter were regulated by refusals maintained at 5 to 10% of intake. Alfalfa hay and corn silage were fed ad libitum in a ratio of 1:1, dry basis. Milk fat test and yield were higher for cows supplemented with analog than for controls during early (4 to 116 days) lactation. Daily fiber intake was higher for cows fed .3% analog (2.2kg) than for controls (1.9kg) during early lactation in yr 1 but not in yr 2. Milk and solids-not-fat yields did not differ among treatments. Intakes of dry matter were not affected by treatment. From 117 to 256 days of lactation there were no differences in yields of milk, fat, or solids-not-fat. Milk from cows maintained on the same treatment both years changed little in fat test from yr 1 to yr 2, but cows that were changed from high analog during yr 1 to low during yr 2 decreased .48 percentage units in test. Those changed from no analog to analog increased .34 percentage units in test, and those changes from low analog to high analog increased .23 percentage units. Methionine hydroxy analog appears to be a useful supplement for increasing fat test of cows fed diets relatively high in concentrate.
Nematophagy by soil arthropods from the shortgrass steppe, Chihuahuan desert and Rocky Mountains of the central United States

Abstract Nematodes are an important food resource for many species of soil arthropods. At an intensively studied site in the shortgrass steppe of western Nebraska, at least 33 species of arthropods fed on nematodes. Observations for soil arthopods from other shortgrass steppe sites in Colorado, Wyoming and New Mexico, from Chihuahuan desert sites in New Mexico and Texas and from montane litter habitats in Colorado indicate similar patterns of nematophagy. Nematophages include species of parasitiform mites in the families Zerconidae, Ologamasidae, Parasitidae, Laelapidae, Ascidae, Rhodacaridae, Macrochelidae, Eviphididae, Phytoseiidae and Veigaiidae; and acariform mites in the families Alycidae, Alicorhagiidae, Tydeidae, Eupodidae, Paratydeidae, Acaridae, Galumnidae, Haplozetidae and Ceratozetidae. Families of prostigmatid mites traditionally considered predatory are restricted to arthropod prey, and do not feed on nematodes. Some species of Collembola, Coleoptera, Symphyla and possibly small centipedes also feed on nematodes. Nematophagous arthropods fall into 3 trophic classes: (1) omnivores which feed on a variety of algae and fungi as well as on nematodes; (2) general predators of soil invertebrates; (3) nematode specialists. Some omnivores and general predators develop more rapidly and produce more offspring on a diet of nematodes than on other foods. Some mesostigmatid mites are small (allowing access to small pore spaces), have relatively rapid generation times and high reproductive outputs, prefer nematode prey (but can utilize alternative food sources) and are easily cultured. These animals have potential for development as biological-control agents for plant-parasitic nematodes.
Inverted emulsion pathway to polypyrrole and polypyrrole elastomer composites

Abstract A new method is proposed for the preparation of polypyrrole and polypyrrole-elastomer composites. An inverted emulsion of water containing the oxidant (FeCl 3 ) in a solution (toluene, or a mixture of toluene and isooctane) of the host polymer (styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer), or free of the host polymer, was first generated. The bis(2-ethylhexyl)sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) surfactant was used as dispersant. A solution of pyrrole in toluene was introduced dropwise in the inverted emulsion. Because of the large interfacial area between the aqueous solution and the continuous phase containing pyrrole, a rapid oxidation occurred and, as a result, colloidal-sized polypyrrole particles were generated. Methanol was employed to precipitate the polymers. The pure polypyrrole black prepared by using AOT as dispersant exhibited a conductivity of 34 S/cm, while that prepared without using AOT gave a conductivity of 9 S/cm. The elastomeric sheets prepared by hot-pressing possessed electrical conductivities in the range of 2–3 S/cm, a tensile strength of 7–13 MPa and an elongation at the break point of 47–259%. The factors that affect the conductivities of the composites include the content of polypyrrole, the molar ratio of H 2 O to AOT, the concentration of Fe(III) salt in the aqueous solution and the nature of the solvent employed as the continuous phase of the emulsion. The effect of doping was also investigated by comparing various counter-anions of the positively charged pyrrole unit. The following sequence was observed: Cl − > ClO 4 − ⪢ p - CH 3 C 6 H 4 SO 3 − .
THE EFFECT OF SINGLE WALL CARBON NANOTUBES ON THE DIPOLE ORIENTATION AND PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF POLYMERIC NANOCOMPOSITES

Recently, a series of single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) polyimide nanocomposites were developed since the demand of electroactive polymeric materials as sensors and actuators for use in high temperature applications has been growing. Adding SWNTs into electroactive polyimides enhanced their electrostrictive strain as well as their mechanical integrities and chemical stability. Although an increase in piezoelectricity resulting from the incorporation of SWNTs could be expected, there has been no systematic study detailing the effect of SWNTs on piezoelectricity. In this article, the effects of various types and concentrations of SWNT on the dipole orientation and piezoelectricity were investigated using a thermally stimulated current (TSC) technique and a modified Rheovibron. It was found that the barely modified SWNTs led to a more substantial increase in the remanent polarization (Pr) than the highly modified SWNTs did. As the loading level of SWNTs increased, Pr increased. However, excessive loading of SWNTs showed a reduction in Pr since the actual poling field decreased due to a large leakage of current. The trend of the piezoelectric strain coefficient, d31, was consistent with that of Pr. The increase in interfacial polarization caused by adding SWNT was believed to be primarily responsible for the increase of Pr and d31.
Low voltage-activated calcium and fast tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium currents define subtypes of cholinergic and noncholinergic neurons in rat basal forebrain

Abstract Neurons of the basal forebrain (BF) possess unique combinations of voltage-gated membrane currents. Here, we describe subtypes of rat basal forebrain neurons based on patch-clamp analysis of low-voltage activated (LVA) calcium and tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) sodium currents combined with single-cell RT-PCR analysis. Neurons were identified by mRNA expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT+, cholinergic) and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67, GABAergic). Four cell types were encountered: ChAT+, GAD+, ChAT+/GAD+ and ChAT−/GAD− cells. Both ChAT+ and ChAT+/GAD+ cells (71/75) displayed LVA currents and most (34/39) expressed mRNA for LVA Ca2+ channel subunits. Cav3.2 was detected in 31/34 cholinergic neurons and Cav3.1 was expressed in 6/34 cells. Three cells expressed both subunits. No single neurons showed Cav3.3 mRNA expression, although BF tissue expression was observed. In young rats (2–4 mo), ChAT+/GAD+ cells displayed larger LVA current densities compared to ChAT+ neurons, while these latter neurons displayed an age-related increase in current densities. Most (29/38) noncholinergic neurons (GAD+ and ChAT−/GAD−) possessed fast TTX-R sodium currents resembling those mediated by Na+ channel subunit Nav1.5. This subunit was expressed predominately in noncholinergic neurons. No cholinergic cells (0/75) displayed fast TTX-R currents. The TTX-R currents were faster and larger in GAD+ neurons compared to ChAT−/GAD− neurons. The properties of ChAT+/GAD+ neurons resemble those of ChAT+ neurons, rather than of GAD+ neurons. These results suggest novel features of subtypes of cholinergic and noncholinergic neurons within the BF that may provide new insights for understanding normal BF function.
Contribution of malocclusion and female facial attractiveness to smile esthetics evaluated by eye tracking.

Introduction There is disagreement in the literature concerning the importance of the mouth in overall facial attractiveness. Eye tracking provides an objective method to evaluate what people see. The objective of this study was to determine whether dental and facial attractiveness alters viewers' visual attention in terms of which area of the face (eyes, nose, mouth, chin, ears, or other) is viewed first, viewed the greatest number of times, and viewed for the greatest total time (duration) using eye tracking. Methods Seventy-six viewers underwent 1 eye tracking session. Of these, 53 were white (49% female, 51% male). Their ages ranged from 18 to 29 years, with a mean of 19.8 years, and none were dental professionals. After being positioned and calibrated, they were shown 24 unique female composite images, each image shown twice for reliability. These images reflected a repaired unilateral cleft lip or 3 grades of dental attractiveness similar to those of grades 1 (near ideal), 7 (borderline treatment need), and 10 (definite treatment need) as assessed in the aesthetic component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (AC-IOTN). The images were then embedded in faces of 3 levels of attractiveness: attractive, average, and unattractive. During viewing, data were collected for the first location, frequency, and duration of each viewer's gaze. Results Observer reliability ranged from 0.58 to 0.92 (intraclass correlation coefficients) but was less than 0.07 (interrater) for the chin, which was eliminated from the study. Likewise, reliability for the area of first fixation was kappa less than 0.10 for both intrarater and interrater reliabilities; the area of first fixation was also removed from the data analysis. Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed a significant effect (P Conclusions Eye tracking indicates that dental attractiveness can alter the level of visual attention depending on the female models' facial attractiveness when viewed by laypersons.
Spectroscopy of Hydrothermal Reactions. 8. Kinetics of Aqueous NH4XCN (X = O, S) and OCS by Flow Reactor−Infrared Spectroscopy

The kinetics and pathway of hydrothermolysis of 1 m NH4SCN to CO2, NH3, and H2S were determined at 543−573 K and 275 bar by the use of FTIR spectroscopy and a Pt/Ir flow reactor with diamond windows or a 316 stainless steel flow reactor with sapphire windows. The rates of SCN- loss and CO2 formation were the same. The reaction is (pseudo) second-order with Ea = 113 ± 11 kg/mol and ln(A, kg/(mol·s)) = 21 ± 2. ΔS⧧ = −84 J/(mol·K), which suggests a bimolecular, rate-determining, initial decomposition step for NH4SCN. A reaction scheme is proposed in which OCS and a monothiocarbamate species are undetected intermediates. The absence of OCS is explained by the rapid hydrothermolysis rate of OCS to CO2 and H2S which was determined by IR spectroscopy at 393−423 K under 275 bar to be Ea = 44 ± 5 kJ/mol and ln(A/s) = 13 ± 1 for OCS. The resulting rate is about 103 times faster than the hydrothermolysis rate of NH4SCN at 543 K. The results are compared to the equivalent reaction for NH4OCN. NH4OCN reacts about 3 × ...
The Voronoi diagram for graphs and its application in the Sickle Cell Disease research

Abstract We propose using a graph-theoretic data structure, the Voronoi diagram for graphs, for analyzing the structure of biological networks. The Voronoi diagram for graphs (VDG) offers an efficient way to cluster the members of a network based on their distance to a subset of input nodes. We study the distance-based decomposition of the human erythrocyte interactome provided by VDG, seeking to elucidate the influence of sickle cell anemia on the function of the erythrocyte proteins. We also provide an efficient open-source Java package that computes VDG.
DELAMINATION INTERACTION IN LAMINATED STRUCTURES

Abstract A triple plate finite element model was proposed to analyze delamination interaction in laminated structures. This model was verified by comparison with an axisymmetric finite element solution on a double delaminated structure. With this model, the results of delamination interaction in a three-point bending composite laminate and a circular laminated plate were obtained. In the case of a three-point bending laminate, both the bending crack induced and the shear crack-induced delaminations will grow at the same time eventually, while in the case of a circular delaminated plate, the vertical distance between these two delaminations has a significant effect on their interaction. Depending on this distance, one delamination may have a shielding effect on the other, while the other delamination may have negligible effect on the former.
‘Everybody has a Chance’: Nuclear Angst, Civil Defence, and the History of Emotions in Postwar West Germany

This essay employs the issue of West German civil defence as a vehicle to write the history of postwar fear and anxiety. Drawing on more recent theoretical efforts at conceptualizing a history of emotions, the essay first outlines the contours of a postwar ‘emotional regime’ that tended to pathologize fear and anxiety. Against the general background of West Germany's position in the Cold War, the essay highlights the limitations and inherent contradictions of West Germany's civil defence preparations from the late 1940s onward. It then focuses on the planning, production, and reception of the first government-sponsored civil defence brochure, “Everybody Has a Chance”, that had been in the making since 1957 but was not distributed until the autumn of 1961, shortly after the building of the Berlin Wall. Yet rather than containing popular fears, the publication directed attention to the shortcomings of West German civil defence and thus ended up intensifying nuclear angst. In particular, selective memories of German suffering in World War II shaped largely negative popular responses to the government's civil defence campaign. By the mid-1960s, however, this popular opposition to civil defence—as well as nuclear angst in general—began to decline gradually. The essay concludes by providing a multifaceted explanation for this subtle emotional shift. Emotional change needs to be explained with reference to a variety of factors, including changing domestic and international contexts, the emergence of a new commemorative culture, and shifts within the emotional regime itself.
Scalable synthesis of cortistatin A and related structures.

Full details are provided for an improved synthesis of cortistatin A and related structures as well as the underlying logic and evolution of strategy. The highly functionalized cortistatin A-ring embedded with a key heteroadamantane was synthesized by a simple and scalable five-step sequence. A chemoselective, tandem geminal dihalogenation of an unactivated methyl group, a reductive fragmentation/trapping/elimination of a bromocyclopropane, and a facile chemoselective etherification reaction afforded the cortistatin A core, dubbed “cortistatinone”. A selective Δ16-alkene reduction with Raney Ni provided cortistatin A. With this scalable and practical route, copious quantities of cortistatinone, Δ16-cortistatin A (the equipotent direct precursor to cortistatin A), and its related analogues were prepared for further biological studies.
Separation and properties of DPN and TPN-linked succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenases from Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa oxidizes succinic semialdehyde to succinate. From a soluble extract of the cells, DPN and TPN-linked succinic semi aldehyde dehydrogenases were separated, partially purified, and their properties described.
Endovascular Management of a Ruptured Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm—Damage Control With Superior Mesenteric Artery Snorkel and Thoracic Stent-Graft Exclusion

We report a case of a large ruptured thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm, which was stabilized with endovascular aortic exclusion and snorkel bypass of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). An 80-year-old African American woman with multiple medical comorbidities and previous open infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair presented with a ruptured 10.7 × 7.3 cm thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm involving the origins of the renal and mesenteric vessels. The patient underwent emergent endovascular aortic repair with placement of a covered stent into the SMA coursing parallel to the aortic endograft. This technique was initially successful in clinically stabilizing the patient; however; 3 weeks after the initial procedure, she presented with recurrent rupture necessitating proximal extension of her snorkeled SMA bypass and aortic endograft into the mid-descending thoracic aorta. The patient stabilized and was successfully discharged home.
Fear of Death and Fertility: New Evidence.

Original research undertaken to correct for faulty methodology in the effort to test the relationship between fear of death and fertility. The focal methodological revision was the substitution of Hoelters Manifest Fear of Death scale for Templers Manifest Death Anxiety scale. The major differences between the scales is Hoelters treatment of death as a multidimensional manifestation as opposed to Templers unidimensional treatment of fear of death. Minor revisions in the population sample which was more broadly based; in testing with self administered questionnaires; and in design with fewer control variables being employed were thought to contribute little to the very different results generated by the respective investigations. The conclusion of the present study is that fear of death and fertility are not positively related. Findings suggest a hierarchical structure of 8 measured fears regarding death which relate to different dimensions of overall fertility quite differently with some fears having primacy and others having no effect. Such fears as those relating to the unknown of death and bodily changes after death relate positively to some measures of fertility while other fears such as fear of the dying process or fear of the dead do not influence fertility at all. Similarly the 3 measures of fertility seem to have a hierarchical structure in response to a hierarchical list of death fears. The results of this study call into question the validity of existing direct measures of fear of death.
Liver Procurement for Orthotopic Transplantation: An Analysis of the Pittsburgh Experience

The incidence of prospective organ donors in the United States and the techniques which are to used to guarantee their optimal use after identification are analyzed. Attitudes of the public and health professionals toward organ donation are discussed. The organization of the Pittsburgh Organ Procurement Agency and its relationship to other such agencies is described. Finally, the presently used techniques of liver salvaging and preservation are outlined. Copyright © 1984 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
Head angle and elevation in classroom environments: implications for amplification.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine children’s head orientation relative to the arrival angle of competing signals and the sound source of interest in actual school settings. These dat...
Supercoil-dependent recognition of specific DNA sites by chromosomal protein HMG 2.

Summary The ability of the chromosomal high mobility group protein HMG 2 to recognize supercoil-dependent structures within the chicken adult β -globin gene was investigated by examining its ability to protect such sites from digestion by S1 nuclease. Low molar ratios of HMG 2 were found to be sufficient for complete inhibition of S1 cleavage of a supercoiled plasmid containing the globin gene. Furthermore, HMG 2 protected an S1 cleavage site within the 5′-flanking region of the globin gene, in preference to a palindromic S1 site within the plasmid vector.
Optimization of Arsenic Speciation Conditions in Plant Material by HPLC‐ICPOES

Abstract Instrument and extraction methods have been investigated and optimized for arsenic speciation in Chinese Brake ferns (Pteris vittata) by high‐performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry system components and parameters. The optimum chromatographic conditions were determined to be 30 mM NH4H2PO4 (pH=6) buffer, 1 mL/min flow rate, and 10% methanol. The limits of detection for this method were approximately 80 ng As(III) and 60 ng As(V) per gram of dried fern material. The optimum solvent for extracting arsenic from lyophilized fern material was 50% methanol.
A pilot newborn screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia(CAH)due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency at New York Hospital(NYH) and Alaska

A pilot newborn screening program for CAH was conducted in Alaska using a 3mm disc filter paper elution technique of capillary whole blood for 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) by RIA. In a control normal population the highest values of 17-OHP in 4569 consecutive births (ages 2-14 days) was 40 pg/disc and the range of values for 16 newborns with proven CAH was 57-980 pg/disc. Thus all Alaskan newborns with 17-OHP of 57 pg/disc or greater were referred for diagnostic workup and those with 17-OHP of 41-56 pg/disc were recalled for repeat specimen. In 11,177 neonates screened in a 19mo period (7802 Caucasians, 644 Yupik Eskimos, 2731 others) 15 had 17-OHP values greater than 57 pg/disc, of which 3 (including 2 Yupik Eskimos) were proven to have the salt-losing form of CAH. Of the remaining 12, 4 were not available for followup and 8 were distressed premature infants including 2 who died. Of the 21 whose 17-OHP values were 41-56 pg/disc, 14 were proven to be normal, and 7 could not be reached. Thus the neonatal Alaskan screening revealed an incidence of the salt-losing form of CAH of 1:7802 live births in Caucasians and 1:322 live births in Yupik Eskimos. The predicted carrier rate is 1:44 in the Caucasians and 1:9.5 in the Yupik Eskimo. The false positive and recall rates were 0.088% and 0.25%. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a newborn screening program for CAH and indicates the frequency of the salt-losing form of CAH may be greater than previously reported by case assessment methods.
Thermal Injuries in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evaluating Length of Stay Against International Benchmarks

and scene patients, respectively. There was no statistically significant clinical difference between groups. Survival was 95.8% and 98.4% for transferred and scene patients, respectively. The adjusted survival odds ratio was 0.60 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.79) for transferred vs scene patients, after controlling for age, sex, mechanism of injury, mode of transportation, hours to presentation, and initial AVPU.
Narrative nuances on good and bad deaths: internists’ tales from high-technology work places

Public and professional discourses in American society about what constitutes a "good death" have flourished in recent decades, as illustrated by the pivotal SUPPORT study and the growing palliative care movement. This paper examines a distinctive medical discourse from high-technology academic medical centers through an analysis of how physicians who are specialists in internal medicine tell stories about the deaths of patients in their care. 163 physicians from two major academic medical centers in the United States completed both qualitative open interviews and quantitative attitudinal measures on a recent death and on the most emotionally powerful death they experienced in the course of their careers. A subsample of 75 physicians is the primary source for the qualitative analysis, utilizing Atlas-ti."Good death" and "bad death" are common in popular discourse on death and dying. However, these terms are rarely used by physicians in this study when discussing specific patients and individual deaths. Rather, physicians' narratives are nuanced with professional judgments about what constitutes quality end-of-life care. Three major themes emerge from these narratives and frame the positive and negative characteristics of patient death. Time and Process: whether death was expected or unexpected, peaceful, chaotic or prolonged; Medical Care and Treatment Decisions: whether end-of-life care was rational and appropriate, facilitating a "peaceful" or "gentle" death, or futile and overly aggressive, fraught with irrational decisions or adverse events; Communication and Negotiation: whether communication with patients, family and medical teams was effective, leading to satisfying management of end-of-life care, or characterized by misunderstandings and conflict. When these physicians' narratives about patient deaths are compared with the classic sociological observations made by Glaser and Strauss in their study A Time for Dying (1968), historical continuities are evident as are striking differences associated with rapid innovation in medical technologies and a new language of medical futility. This project is part of a broader effort in American medicine to understand and improve end-of-life care.
Optimal control of a small fixed-wing UAV about concatenated trajectories

Abstract The paper focuses on the control of a small fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) along trajectories. The trajectories are generated in real-time from a library of pre-specified motion primitives. Two concatenated primitive trajectories are considered: one formed from seven primitives and exhibiting a figure-8 geometric path and another composed of a Split-S maneuver that settles into a level-turn trim trajectory. Switched control systems stemming from l 2 -induced norm synthesis approaches are designed for discrete-time linearized models of the nonlinear UAV system. These controllers are analyzed based on simulations in a realistic operational environment and are further implemented on the physical UAV.
Making meaning for the good life: a commentary on the special issue.

People tell stories about what they experience; and in doing so they knit together an account that relies on memory, is shaped by personality, and is honed for the particular context in which they ...
Inflammatory bowel disease and familial adenomatous polyposis.

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) are uncommon diseases and both are associated with marked increased risk of colorectal cancer. Methods We present a patient diagnosed in parallel with ulcerative colitis and FAP. Mutational analysis of the APC germline and somatic DNA was performed by sequencing. Results This patient's phenotype consisted of polyps only on the right side of the colon (cecum and ascending colon) whereas the area affected by ulcerative colitis (descending colon and rectum) was free of polyps on endoscopy and microscopic adenomas on histology. This raises the possibility that mosaicism or inflammation in the presence of active ulcerative colitis modified the phenotypic expression of adenomatous polyposis in the left colon. Mosaicism was excluded by DNA analysis. Discussion This case of a patient diagnosed with both inflammatory bowel disease and familial adenomatous polyposis offers potential insights into the distinct pathogenesis of cancer susceptibility within these syndromes, and suggests that a collision of phenotypes may influence their mutual presentation. Both of these conditions independently increase the risk of colorectal cancer.
Studies on Hg(II)-induced H2O2 formation and oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro in rat kidney mitochondria

Abstract Studies were undertaken to investigate the principal actions underlying mercury-induced oxidative stress in the kidney. Mitochondria from kidneys of rats treated with HgCl 2 (1.5 mg/kg i.p.) demonstrated a 2-fold increase in hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) formation for up to 6 hr following Hg(II) treatment using succinate as the electron transport chain substrate. No increase in H 2 O 2 formation was observed when NAD-linked substrates (malate/glutamate) were used, suggesting that Hg(II) affects H 2 O 2 formation principally at the ubiquinone-cytochrome b region of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in vivo . Together with increased H 2 O 2 formation, mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) content was depleted by more than 50% following Hg(II) treatment, whereas formation of thiobarbiturate reactive substances (TBARS), indicative of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, was increased by 68%. Studies in vivo revealed a significant concentration-related depolarization of the inner mitochondrial membrane following the addition of Hg(II) to mitochondria isolated from kidneys of untreated rats. This effect was accompanied by significantly increased H 2 O 2 formation, GSH depletion and TBARS formation linked to both NADH dehydrogenase (rotenone-inhibited) and ubiquinone-cytochrome b (antimycin-inhibited) regions of the electron transport chain. Oxidation of pyridine nucleotides (NAD[P]H) was also observed in mitochondria incubated with Hg(II) in vitro . In further studies in vitro , the potential role of Ca 2+ in Hg(II)-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress was investigated. Ca 2+ alone (30–400 nmol/mg protein) produced no increase in H 2 O 2 and only a slight increase in TBARS formation when incubated with kidney mitochondria isolated from untreated rats. However, Ca 2+ significantly increased H 2 O 2 and TBARS formation elicited by Hg(II) at the ubiquinone-cytochrome b region of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, whereas TBARS formation was decreased significantly when the Ca 2+ uptake inhibitors, ruthenium red or [ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid (EGTA), were included with Hg(II) in the reaction mixtures. These findings support the view that Hg(II) causes depolarization of the mitochondrial inner membrane with consequent increased H 2 O 2 formation. These events, coupled with Hg(II)-mediated GSH depletion and pyridine nucleotide oxidation, create an oxidant stress condition characterized by increased susceptibility of mitochondrial membranes to iron- dependent lipid peroxidation (TBARS formation). Since increased H 2 O 2 formation, GSH depletion and lipid peroxidation were also observed in vivo following Hg(II) treatment, these events may underlie oxidative tissue damage caused by mercury compounds. Moreover, Hg(II)-induced alterations in mitochondrial Ca 2+ homeostasis may excerbate Hg(II)-induced oxidative stress in kidney cells.
Stochastic estimation of tropospheric path delays in global positioning system geodetic measurements

Water vapor radiometric and surface meteorological measurements taken during three GPS geodetic experiments are used to calculate process noise levels for random walk and first-order Gauss-Markov temporal models of tropospheric path delays. Entire wet and combined wet and dry zenith delays at each network site are estimated simultaneously with the geodetic parameters without prior calibration. The path delays and corresponding baseline estimates are compared to those obtained with calibrated data and stochastic residual delays. In this manner, the marginal utility of a priori tropospheric calibration is assessed given the ability to estimate the path delays directly using only the GPS data. Estimation of total zenith path delays with appropriate random walk or Gauss-Markov models yields baseline repeatabilities of a few parts in 100 million. Results suggest that GPS data alone have sufficient strength to resolve centimeter-level zenith path delay fluctuations over periods of a few minutes.
Airway responsiveness in infants following bronchiolitis.

Airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine was assessed in 18 infants, 4 and 10 months old, following bronchiolitis. Pulmonary function was measured from partial expiratory flow-volume curves generated by the rapid compression technique. Sleeping infants inhaled increasing concentrations of methacholine until maximal expiratory flows at functional residual capacity (VmaxFRC) decreased by 30% or 2.5 mg/mL was inhaled. Airway responsiveness was quantitated by: 1) the threshold concentration (log TC) required to decrease VmaxFRC by 2 standard deviations from baseline; 2) the concentration required to decrease VmaxFRC by 30% (log PC30); and 3) the slope of the dose-response curve between TC and PC30 (log SPC30). At both the first and second evaluation, the bronchiolitic infants had lower baseline VmaxFRC (% pred.) than 24 control infants. In addition, the bronchiolitic infants had heightened airway responsiveness compared to controls, demonstrating lower values for logTC and logPC30 and steeper slopes to their dose-response curves (logSPC30). After accounting for the relationship between airway responsiveness and age, the occurrence of bronchiolitis was found to be a significant independent factor 10 months but not 4 months following bronchiolitis. The bronchiolitic infants did not demonstrate the decline in airway responsiveness with increasing age that occurs in normal infants. We conclude that infants exhibit heightened airway responsiveness following bronchiolitis. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Quietly Building Capabilities: New Instruments, Expertise, "Quiet Wing" Available at DOE User Facility

This feature article is prepared for publication in Microscopy Today. The goal is to communicate the value of the Quiet Wing, EMSL’s growing microscopy capability, and the science they enable to the microscopy community and hopefully various related research communities (e.g. catalysis, etc.). The secondary goals are to demonstrate EMSL’s leadership in microscopy and show our DOE client we are making excellent use of ARRA and other investments.
Magnetic resonance study of the distribution of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl in phosphatidylcholine bilayers.

Abstract With the aid of paramagnetic praseodymium ions the resonances at 60 MHz of the inward and outward facing choline methyl protons of sonicated egg yolk phosphatidylcholine vesicles were resolved. The subsequent addition of 2,2,6,6,- tetramethylpiperidine -N- oxyl (TEMPO) to the vesicle suspension broadened the inner and outer resonances equally. TEMPO easily penetrates the egg yolk phosphatidylcholine vesicles and has free access to the entire lipid volume above the gel to liquid crystalline transition temperature. The electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrum of TEMPO in the egg yolk phosphatidylcholine suspension exhibits features indicating that TEMPO dissolves principally in the hydrocarbon portion of the egg yolk phosphatidylcholine bilayer. The egg yolk phosphatidylcholine methylene chain proton resonances are also broadened by TEMPO notably to a greater extent than the choline methyl resonances. These data indicate that TEMPO should be more sensitive to the melting behavior of the fatty acyl chains of phospholipid suspensions than to the polar head groups.
On using multiple calibration emitters and their geometric effects for removing sensor position errors in TDOA localization

The use of calibration emitters is known to be able to improve TDOA source localization accuracy when sensor positions are not accurate. This paper derives through CRLB analysis the conditions under which the sensor position errors can be completely eliminated in a source location estimate via deploying multiple calibration emitters whose positions can be erroneous. The implications on the geometric arrangements of calibration emitters to satisfy the conditions are elaborated. In particular, to fully remove the effect of sensor position errors, we need a sufficient number of calibration emitters and they together cannot lie in the same plane with any sensor. The theoretical developments are supported by simulations.