cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lumbosacral Radiculomyelopathy- a rare presentation in an established case of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum DIsorders (P2.076)

Objective: Lumbosacral Radiculomyelopathy is an uncommon presentation of Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO). It has been reported in 2 patients with NMO Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD). We present a patient with diagnosed NMOSD and lumbosacral radiculomyelopathy. Background: Classically NMO tends to spare the conus. One report suggests that lesions in the conus medullaris were seen in 1.58% in NMOSD, and 9.6% in anti-AQP4 antibody positive cases. In myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-positive NMO/NMOSD, conus involvement on spinal magnetic resonance imaging is 75%, whereas in AQP4-Ab-positive cases it is only seen in 17%. Design/Methods: Case: A 21-year-old female presented with Area Postrema syndrome. Following imaging and a positive serum anti-aquaporin 4 antibody, she was diagnosed with NMOSD. She was started on disease modifying agent Rituxan which was administered at 6 monthly intervals or if her CD19 counts increased whichever came earlier. She later presented to clinic with urinary incontinence and saddle anesthesia. The MRI spine demonstrated a lesion in the conus medullaris and contrast enhancement of the nerve roots in the cauda equina. Work up for other etiologies was negative. Results: The patient had an NMO flare constituting Myeloradiculopathy, a rare presentation of NMOSD. She received Plasmapharesis with near complete resolution of her symptoms. Conclusions: Myeloradiculopathy is an uncommon presentation of NMO. If it is the initial presentation, it is imperative to check the antiaquaporin-4 antibody. In patients with diagnosed NMO/NMOSD, it is important to suspect conus lesions especially if presentation includes bowel, bladder, or sexual dysfunction. Conus lesions are overlooked as neuroimaging obtained typically in suspected NMO includes only the cervical and thoracic spinal cord looking for LETMs. In addition, lower motor neuron lesions are typically not suspected in NMOSD. Disclosure: Dr. Sapnar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Prabhu has nothing to disclose.
Impella Use in Cardiogenic Shock Due to Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy With Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction.

Cardiogenic shock (CS) due to Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is often managed with cautious fluid administration and inotropic support; however, the…
Subdivision for conservation

Abstract Creative and strategic approaches are needed to achieve conservation goals in contemporary landscapes. Protected area expansion competes with multiple demands for land and needs to accommodate the socio-economic realities of landscapes to be effective. Smaller planning units can improve targeted acquisitions for protected areas, but ‘subdivision’ used in conservation planning has typically followed ecological patterns. Instead, we suggest that subdividing based on anthropogenic land-development patterns could improve strategic achievement of conservation goals by producing smaller planning units that are also socio-economically relevant. We simulated this approach to subdivision in a New England, USA landscape and evaluated the outcomes for three conservation planning scenarios – protect riparian corridors, protect rare habitats, and protect representative habitats – in the original and subdivided property delineations. For each scenario-delineation combination, we identified protected land expansion solutions that optimized a priority objective within a budget or achieved a conservation target at minimum cost. We used a multi-objective optimization algorithm to identify solutions to navigate tradeoffs between ecological, social, and economic objectives. In our study area, subdivision allowed us to optimize ecological outcomes within a budget and achieve conservation targets at reduced cost. While subdivision solutions were not able to simultaneously improve outcomes for all objectives, they were often able to reduce individual and aggregate outcomes compared to solutions in the originally delineated landscape. Subdivision could be a useful tool for improving implementation of conservation goals because it results in smaller planning units that are able to spatially represent conservation objectives more exactly while remaining socio-economically relevant.
Are All Four-Day School Weeks Created Equal? A National Assessment of Four-Day School Week Policy Adoption and Implementation

Four-day school weeks are used in over 1,600 schools across 24 states, but little is known about adoption and implementation of these types of school calendars. Through examinations of school calen...
Hydropolitics: the Itaipú Dam, sovereignty, and the engineering of modern South America: by Christine Folch, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 2019, US$27.95 (paperback), ISBN 9780691186603

The Itaipu Dam, which ties together the futures of both Brazil and Paraguay, is not only the world’s largest hydroelectric plant in terms of electricity generation but also one of the world’s most ...
An Alternative One-Stage Exchange Arthroplasty Technique: For the Chronic Infected Total Hip.

Background There are various algorithms for the treatment of prosthetic joint infections (PJI). Currently, a two-stage hip exchange is considered the "gold standard" of care for treatment of chronic hip PJIs. However, there has been recent debate whether a one- or two-stage exchange offers the correct treatment. One-stage exchange arthroplasty has particularly gained interest due to less morbidity, mortality, and functional impairment. Methods In a retrospective case series, the outcome of patients with chronic hip PJIs treated with our one-stage exchange arthroplasty was analyzed. Between January 2015 and January 2020, eight patients underwent a one-stage exchange hip arthroplasty by a single surgeon at a single institution for a chronically infected total hip arthroplasty (THA). Original diagnosis of PJI was made in accordance with the 2011 version of the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria. The femoral stem was cemented with antibiotic-impregnated cement, and the polyethylene acetabular liner was cemented directly onto the acetabular bone with antibiotic-impregnated cement. Results Of the eight patients, three were female and five were male with a mean age of 70.5 years (SD 11.2, range 53-87). Six patients (75%) had infection eradication with retention of a stable implant and no additional surgery at a mean follow-up of 35.7 months (range 17-50). One patient (12.5%) underwent closed reduction for a dislocated THA at one month; however, this patient remained infection-free at the most recent follow-up of 41 months. One patient (12.5%) who was the oldest patient (87 years) died 18 days postoperatively. Overall, all living patients (87.5%) retained their one-stage exchange THA. One patient (12.5%, CI 95% 0.3-52.7) required additional surgery in the form of a closed reduction and zero patients (0.0%, CI 95% 0.0-36.9) required additional open surgery. Conclusion Single-stage exchange arthroplasty with an antibiotic-impregnated cemented femoral stem and antibiotic-impregnated cemented polyethylene acetabular liner may be a useful option for the treatment of chronic hip PJIs. Our case series provides evidence that infection eradication and function preservation are possible using our one-stage exchange arthroplasty technique in a chronically infected THA. However, a multi-center study with randomization is necessary to further validate our results.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Dialogue 2.0: New Perspectives, Enduring Challenges, and Promising Directions

The current state of polarization evidenced in communication around race, politics, criminal justice, immigration, health care, and other critical social issues highlights the challenges of talking...
373 The value of an anonymous online interactive forum: What questions are applicants asking?

In July 2020 the National Dermatology Interest Group Association (DIGA) co-hosted the first national dermatology webinar with the Association of Professors of Dermatology to address the residency application process during COVID-19, with over 996 students in attendance Prior to the webinar, students anonymously submitted 54 questions through a google survey Program directors addressed these questions during the webinar Attendees could ask questions (99) during the webinar anonymously via Zoom’s “Chat” function Following the webinar, attendees completed a survey The topics of the anonymous questions submitted included application logistics (41 12%, 63/153), USMLE board scores & grades (21 57%, 33/153), demonstrating interest (14 38%, 22/153), away rotations (12 42%, 19/153), special applicant groups (11 11%, 17/153), research (5 88%, 9/153), and letters of recommendation (4 58%, 7/153) 96% percent of survey-responders rated the webinar as “helpful,” 93% were satisfied with the content, and 84% found the webinar to be stress-relieving Application logistics as the top category is pertinent given this unique application cycle Students responded well to the webinar as indicated by the positive post-webinar survey results This could be related to the opportunity to anonymously query program directors without fear of retribution Furthermore, this qualitative analysis may guide programs to increase transparency on their websites Regardless of the landscape of future application cycles, we advocate for continued use of online platforms annually to assist applicants
Assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysm inflammation and rupture prediction with CCR2 PET

23 Objectives: The monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) axis plays an important role in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) pathogenesis, with effects on disease progression and anatomic stability. Our goal was to assess the expression of CCR2 in a rodent model and human tissue, utilizing a targeted positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer (64Cu-DOTA-ECL1i). Methods: AAAs were generated in Sprague-Dawley rats by exposing the infrarenal, intraluminal aorta to porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) under pressure to induce aneurysmal degeneration. Heat-inactivated PPE was utilized to generate a sham operative control. Rat AAA rupture was stimulated by the administration of β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), a lysyl oxidase inhibitor. Biodistribution was performed in wild-type rats at 1 hour post tail vein injection of 64Cu-DOTA-ECL1i. The localization of radiotracer uptake in the AAA was verified with high-resolution computed tomography (CT). Results: At day 7 post AAA induction, the radiotracer uptake (SUV= 0.91 ± 0.25) was approximately twice that of sham-operated controls (SUV = 0.47 ± 0.10, p < 0.01). At 14 days post AAA induction, radiotracer uptake by either group did not significantly change (AAA SUV = 0.86 ± 0.17 and sham-control SUV = 0.46 ± 0.10), independent of variations in aortic diameter. Competitive CCR2 receptor blocking significantly decreased AAA uptake (SUV = 0.42 ± 0.09). Tracer uptake in AAAs that subsequently ruptured (SUV = 1.31 ± 0.14, p < 0.005) demonstrated uptake nearly twice that of non-ruptured AAAs (SUV = 0.73 ± 0.11). Histopathological characterization of rat and human AAA tissues obtained from surgery revealed increased expression of CCR2 that was co-localized with CD68+ macrophages. Ex vivo autoradiography demonstrated specific binding of 64Cu-DOTA-ECL1i to CCR2 in both rat and human aortic tissues and correlation to CCR2 expression. Conclusions: CCR2 PET is a promising new biomarker for the non-invasive assessment of AAA inflammation that may aid in associated rupture prediction. Research Support: This work is supported by NIH R35HL145212, P41EB025815, Wylie Scholar Award from Vascular Cures Foundation, the Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences (ICTS) of Washington University, and Foundation for Barnes-Jewish Hospital.
Mapping Emotional Attachment as a Measure of Sense of Place to Identify Coastal Restoration Priority Areas

Abstract Our applied case study demonstrates how knowledge from community stakeholders about emotional attachment (as a key component of sense of place) can inform and influence future coastal restoration priorities at various scales in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida (USA). We map aggregate measures of emotional attachment from community stakeholders using Geographic Information Systems. We then analyze this human systems level data with kernel density estimation measures at the broader lagoon scale and with inverse distance weighted measures at more localized scales. By connecting these mapped results back to the primary reasons that participants provided for having high or low emotional attachment in a location, we show how varying spatial patterns of emotional attachment as a primary component of sense of place within and across broader geographic regions can be represented, mapped, and visualized to enhance future restoration priorities. We demonstrate how aggregate results gained from community stakeholders can help restoration teams prioritize their science communication and education strategies to align human systems level data with natural systems level data.
Lectures in geometric combinatorics

Abstract algebra: Groups, rings and fields Convex polytopes: Definitions and examples Faces of polytopes Schlegel diagrams Gale diagrams Bizarre polytopes Triangulations of point configurations The secondary polytope The permutahedron Abstract algebra: Polynomial rings Grobner bases I Grobner bases II Initial complexes of toric ideals State polytopes of toric ideals Bibliography Index.
Visualization of vectorial trafficking of aquaporin-2 tagged with photoconvertible fluorescence protein in mpkCCD cells (1181.15)

AQP2 tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP-AQP2) has been used to monitor AQP2 trafficking in kidney cell lines. However, vectorial trafficking of GFP-AQP2 resembling to that in the principle cells of collecting duct has not been demonstrated in real time in vitro. mEos2 is a photoconvertible fluorescence protein. To visualize AQP2 trafficking, chimeras with mEos2 fused to either the amino-terminus of AQP2 (Eos-AQP2) or the carboxyl-terminus (AQP2-Eos) via a 17 amino-acids linker were constructed and expressed in mpkCCD cells on glass-bottom dishes. Forskolin-induced apical targeting of AQP2 in real time was monitored using video-rate confocal microscopy at four dimensions (XYZ-T). AQP2-Eos chimeras expressed in mpkCCD cells were localized constitutively to the apical plasma membrane. In contrast, the Eos-AQP2 chimeras trafficked from intracellular vesicles to the apical membrane in response to forskolin stimulation, indicating similar vectorial trafficking of AQP2 as in collecting duct. Co-transfect...
Radio Science measurements using phase modulated optical links

Radio Science experiments currently rely on unmodulated continuous wave RF signal carrier for spectral purity and maximized signal-to-noise ratio. This requires missions to carefully schedule them away from periods of high rate telemetry. In the era of optical communications, currently designed systems experience the same problem. In this paper, a data processing architecture is derived that will yield high-accuracy link science type of information on the ground from readily transmitted communication signals coming from space assets, through optical links. This technique is intended to save power, bandwidth and scheduling demands on the spacecraft. Our proposed technical approach is applicable to a phase modulated laser thus providing an architectural improvement to present state-of-the-art optical communication systems utilized by NASA as well as to future systems. The approach is to, first, obtain the achievable performance of Radio Science measurements from the received optical telemetry signals. This extends our previous results presented on Radio Science measurements for suppressed carrier RF signals. Secondly, a practical system is proposed that approaches the ultimate theoretical performance for estimating the amplitude, phase, and frequency variations due to the changes in the planet atmosphere. For optical links, our previous results to phase modulated CW laser communications are extended. The same information required for radio science data can be extracted by using either differential methods of encoding or phase modulated orthogonal signals and at the optical receiver a non-coherent local laser and an array of photon detectors are used. The performance of these phase modulated schemes is analyzed.
Politics, Identity, and Mexico’s Indigenous Rights Movements

1. Indians by choice?: traditional societies, indigenous rights movements, and the state in post-Zapatista southern Mexico 2. A tale of two movements: the salience of indigenous rights in Chiapas 1994 but not in Oaxaca 2006 3. Agrarian tenure institutions, conflict frames, and communitarian identities in indigenous southern Mexico 4. Agrarian conflicts, armed rebellion, and the individual versus collective rights tension in Chiapas' Lacandon jungle 5. Individual rights and communal elections in Oaxaca, Mexico: a challenge to multiculturalism and women's rights 6. From balaclavas to baseball caps: wearing many hats in the exercise of 'real world' identities 7. Reconciling individual rights, communal rights, and autonomy institutions: broader lessons from Chiapas and the 'Oaxaca experiment'.
Schrodinger Equation and Phase Space in Quantum Mechanics

Using classical statistics, Schrodinger equation in quantum mechanics is derived from complex space model. Phase-space probability amplitude, that can be defined on classical point of view, has connections to probability amplitude in internal space and to wave function in quantum mechanics. In addition, the physical entity of wave function in quantum mechanics is confirmed once again.
From File Folder to the Classroom: Recent Primary Source Curriculum Projects

The author reviews four curriculum units developed by the Illinois State Archives, the National Archives, the Cleveland Bureau of Jewish Education (in cooperation with the Western Reserve Historical Society), and the Minnesota Historical Society to bring primary sources into the secondary schools.
Strategic R&D program selection and resource allocation with a decision support system application

Continuous evaluation of engineering project ideas for portfolio selection and resource allocation is one of the most challenging decisions that managers make on an ongoing basis. Decisions regarding project portfolios must be continuously monitored and updated due to the emergence of new opportunities and availability of more profitable projects, changes in the technical and/or commercial success probabilities, possible changes in the organizational objectives and goals, and variations in the forecasts at different points in time as the development and implementation of optimal decision rules take place. This paper presents a decision support system to assist management in systematically allocating resources to competing interrelated R&D projects under uncertainty within semi-structured decision environments. The model and the decision process integrate and extend the attractive features of scoring techniques, pairwise comparison method and probabilistic tradeoff development method. >
The effect of ECS on the hippocampus

In Experiment I, 64 naive male albino rats were given either ECS or no treatment. The Ss were then tested in a T-maze for spontaneous alternation, a response highly related to hippocampal inactivation. Spontaneous alternation was reduced to near chance level in rats tested 4 or 24 h after receiving ECS. In a second experiment, rats received ECS or no treatment following the learning of a position habit. Rats were deficient in learning a position habit reversal when trained 4 h after receiving ECS. The results indicated that ECS seems to produce a temporary inactivation of the hippocampus.
Formation of Molecular Iodine from the Two-Photon Dissociation of CI4 and CHI3: An Experimental and Computational Study

The formation of electronically excited molecular iodine from the two-photon photodissociation of CI 4 and CHI 3 was investigated using dispersed fluorescence and ab initio calculations. Molecular iodine was formed in theD, D', and E ion-pair states from both CI 4 and CHI 3 . In the photodissociation of CHI 3 , the intensity of the D' band is decreased and the E band is increased relative to those from CI 4 . This intensity shift is explained in terms of the energetics of the carbene photofragments. Intrinsic reaction coordinate calculations were performed at the MP2 level of theory using the LANL2DZ basis set to characterize the dissociation pathways for CI 4 and CHI 3 . The results of the calculations show the presence of three transition states and an ion-pair isomer intermediate for both molecules. The structure of the transition states for the formation of molecular iodine is in agreement with the asynchronous concerted dissociation mechanism proposed by Dantus and co-workers for CX 2 Y 2 halocarbons.
Detection of RF Electronics by Multitone Harmonic Radar

Multitone harmonic radar is presented. The radar transmits multiple closely-spaced tones and receives nonlinear mixing products as well as harmonics. Harmonic and multitone responses are recorded from commercially-available RF devices. An original method for discriminating between electronic targets, by receiving at least two nonlinear mixing products near a harmonic, is presented. Target detection is demonstrated experimentally for a novel pulsed two-tone harmonic radar. Experimental results are extrapolated to estimate radar design parameters to achieve a realistic standoff range.
Imaging biological structures with fluorescence photoactivation localization microscopy

Fluorescence photoactivation localization microscopy (FPALM) images biological structures with subdiffraction-limited resolution. With repeated cycles of activation, readout and bleaching, large numbers of photoactivatable probes can be precisely localized to obtain a map (image) of labeled molecules with an effective resolution of tens of nanometers. FPALM has been applied to a variety of biological imaging applications, including membrane, cytoskeletal and cytosolic proteins in fixed and living cells. Molecular motions can be quantified. FPALM can also be applied to nonbiological samples, which can be labeled with photoactivatable probes. With emphasis on cellular imaging, we describe here the adaptation of a conventional widefield fluorescence microscope for FPALM and present step-by-step procedures to successfully obtain and analyze FPALM images. The fundamentals of this protocol may also be applicable to users of similar imaging techniques that apply localization of photoactivatable probes to achieve super-resolution. Once alignment of the setup has been completed, data acquisitions can be obtained in approximately 1–30 min and analyzed in approximately 0.5–4 h.
Strangers From a Different Shore. A History of Asian Americans.

An overview of Asian American history, written by an American with Japanese roots, this work of popular history gives voice to Asian Americans past and present. It reveals the aspirations and accomplishments of people who are often seen as foreigners in their own land. Asian Americans are America's latest ethnic success story. Having begun to immigrate to the United States in the nineteenth century, Asian Americans today, made up of Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, Koreans, Indians, and other nationalities, are a diverse, yet strikingly accomplished group. Until now, there has been no single overview of Asian American history.
Microfabricated substrates for spectroscopy and separation

In this paper, we report the preliminary results from a microfabricated substrate system that is amenable to both electromagnetic field-enhanced spectroscopy such as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and analyte separation and detection. Substrates consisting of arrays of gold post-like and pit-like features of varying pitch on gold substrates were fabricated by electron beam lithography. These substrates were characterized and tested for reproducible SERS activity, as well as evaluated for incorporation into a microfluidic system for separation and identification of components of complex matrices. Identification of analytes relevant to biodetection and biological screening is reported.
Computational algorithms for FE formulations involving fractional operators

This paper considers the development of transient solution algorithms for finite element simulations of viscoelastic problems involving fractional integrodifferential operators. Specifically, numerical approximations are developed for the Grunwald-Liouville-Riemann formalism. This includes establishing formal error estimations. Based on the numerical representations of the fractional operators, implicit, explicit and predictor corrector type transient algorithms are derived for viscoelastic finite element simulations. To illustrate their computational properties, the results of several numerical benchmark experiments are presented. These emphasize the efficiency and stability of the various algorithms developed.
Factors of ability, communication, grievances, and personal optimism as predictors of student satisfaction, involvement, and alienation: An ecological dissonance interpretation

The present study examined the variables of ability, communication, grievances, and personal optimism as predictors of student satisfaction, involvement, and alienation. Weak but statistically significant correlations occurred between openness of communication and alienation (r = −.11), personal optimism and involvement (r = −.16), and grievances and student satisfaction (r = −.17). It was concluded that these results could have been loosely deduced from ecological dissonance theory (Miller, Topping, & Wells-Parker, 1989).
Baseline characteristics of college freshmen enrolled in an alcohol intervention program.

This study is a baseline analysis of the demographic and behavioral characteristics of freshmen students recruited to enter a longitudinal multi-component intervention program based on the Brief Al...
Relation of ventricular volume, compliance, and mass in the normal and pulmonary arterial banded canine heart.

Right (RV) and left (LV) ventricular volumes, compliances, weights, and wall thicknesses were determined in the fresh post mortem hearts of 10 normal and eight pulmonary arterial banded (PAB) dogs. After two to 40 weeks of PA banding, the mean RV weight, 68·6 ± 5·4 g (mean ± SEM), was greater than normal (P < 0·001), with the maximum increase in RV weight occurring by the eighteenth week. Increases also occurred in the LV weights, but to a lesser extent and at a slower rate than in the right ventricle. Increases in wall thickness were greater at the ventricular bases than apices. In the PAB hearts, at 0 mm Hg (P), the mean RV volume, 59·5 ± 3·8 ml./m2, and LV volume, 40·5 ± 2·5 ml./m2, were both greater than normal (P<0·001); P RV and LV volumes correlated negatively with duration of pulmonary arterial banding and correlated positively with increases in ventricular weight. In the PAB hearts, the mean RV compliance (ΔVav/ΔVLV) was decreased at P5 to P15 (P<0·05) and approached normal at P20. We postulate that an increase in RV wall tension resulting from PA banding causes an initial dilatation of the ventricular chamber and if sustained stimulates myocardial hypertrophy; subsequent increases in mass decrease the chamber volume and result in a decrease in wall tension, allowing the ventricle to reach a stable level of hyper-function.
Surface friction in near-vertex head and neck impact increases risk of injury

Abstract A computational head–neck model was developed to test the hypothesis that increases in friction between the head and impact surface will increase head and neck injury risk during near-axial impact. The model consisted of rigid vertebrae interconnected by assemblies of nonlinear springs and dashpots, and a finite element shell model of the skull. For frictionless impact surfaces, the model reproduced the kinematics and kinetics observed in near-axial impacts to cadaveric head–neck specimens. Increases in the coefficient of friction between the head and impact surface over a range from 0.0 to 1.0 resulted in increases of up to 40, 113, 9.8, and 43% in peak post-buckled resultant neck forces, peak moment at the occiput-C1 joint, peak resultant head accelerations, and HIC values, respectively. The most dramatic increases in injury-predicting quantities occurred for COF increases from 0.0 to 0.2, while further COF increases above 0.5 generally produced only nominal changes. These data suggest that safety equipment and impact environments which minimize the friction between the head and impact surface may reduce the risk of head and neck injury in near-vertex head impact.
Echocardiography in Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension

Pediatric pulmonary hypertension is a complicated disease with multiple etiologies and high mortality. Echocardiography is at the forefront of evaluation as a noninvasive, portable imaging modality that can yield diagnostic and prognostic information regarding this disease. Echocardiography is known for its ability to give an anatomic assessment of the heart and proximal blood vessels. With the additional use of Doppler echocardiography and myocardial motion assessment, the effects of elevated pulmonary pressures on the heart can be evaluated. This can allow for estimation of pulmonary artery pressures and resistances and assessment of ventricular systolic and diastolic functions. However despite its advantages, echocardiography is still an indirect assessment of pulmonary hypertension and not a substitute for cardiac catheterization. The purpose of this review is to discuss common techniques for the assessment of pulmonary hypertension by echocardiography as well as their limitations.
Prospective Memory in a Language-Trained Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes).

Abstract Prospective memory involves the encoding, retention, and implementation of an intended future action. Although humans show many forms of prospective memory, less is known about the future oriented processes of nonhuman animals, or their ability to use prospective memory. In this experiment, a chimpanzee named Panzee, who had learned to associate geometric forms called lexigrams with real-world referents, was given a prospective memory test. Panzee selected between two foods the one she wanted to receive more immediately. That food was scattered in an outdoor yard where she could forage for it. Also outdoors were lexigram tokens, one of which represented the food item that remained indoors throughout a 30 min period, and that could be obtained if Panzee brought in the token that matched that food item. After foraging for the selected food item, Panzee consistently remembered to retrieve and return the correct token when food was available indoors, whereas on control trials involving no indoor food she rarely returned a token. This indicated that Panzee encoded information relevant to the future action of token retrieval after extended delays for one type of food, even when a more immediately preferred food was available.
Ionospheric tomography: its limitations and reconstruction methods

Abstract Recent modeling and experimental efforts carried out by several research groups indicate that tomographic reconstruction is a promising experimental tool for obtaining images of ionospheric structures. The technique makes use of navigation satellites and a network of ground-based receiving stations which are used to measure the total electron content (TEC) on a number of paths through the ionospheric region of interest. In practice, the available TEC data are inevitably sparse and incomplete and this imposes certain limitations on the reconstructed images. The nature of these limitations is described in this paper. In addition, a unified discussion of some of the various reconstruction algorithms is presented. The difference between the reconstruction methods arises from different choices for the basis functions which are used to represent the unknown electron density structure. Three such choices for the basis functions are discussed. One of these uses the concept of expansion in terms of model ionospheres which can incorporate a priori information about the ionosphere. An example illustrating the application of the method to image the equatorial ionosphere with extremely sparse data is described. The technique is shown to produce an excellent reconstruction for this case which was not well reconstructed using techniques that do not incorporate the a priori information. Finally, the paper is concluded with a short review of experimental work that has been reported in the literature to date.
Adhesion of human platelets to collagen: evidence for two states of platelet activation.

Abstract Normal human platelets suspended in buffer were exposed to a suspension of bovine tendon collagen fibrils and the rate of adhesion observed over a period of 60 minutes. In fresh platelet preparations, approximately 15–20 0/o of the platelets adhered within one minute, and the total percent adhesion, following pseudo first order kinetics after the first minute, approached 60 % after 60 minutes. Pre-treatment with N-ethylmaleimide, dithiothreitol, and glutaraldehyde reduced adhesion at 1 minute to less than 5 %, but only N-ethylmaleimide completely blocked adhesion at 60 minutes. Thus, freshly collected, washed human platelets contain two distinct subpopulations exhibiting greatly differing rates of adhesion, reflecting different levels of reactivity toward collagen.
The IBM keyword search system for the DARPA RATS program

The paper describes a state-of-the-art keyword search (KWS) system in which significant improvements are obtained by using Convolutional Neural Network acoustic models, a two-step speech segmentation approach and a simplified ASR architecture optimized for KWS. The system described in this paper had the best performance in the 2013 DARPA RATS evaluation for both Levantine and Farsi.
Cell division after inhibition of chromosome replication in Escherichia coli.

Abstract The residual cell divisions after thymine starvation of exponential cultures of TJK16, a thymine-requiring derivative of Escherichia coli B/r, were evaluated. The results indicate that under the conditions used (glucose minimal medium 37 °), (1) only cells that had terminated a round of replication divided; (2) once termination had occurred, thymine starvation and replication no longer affected the time of cell division; (3) synchronously terminating subpopulations of cells began to divide about 17 min after termination; after that time, the rate of division decreased exponentially. The results confirm the previously inferred asymmetric distribution of D -periods in an exponential population of E. coli bacteria and suggest that an event associated with termination of replication is required for cell division. The method of data evaluation presented can be used to determine the duration of the D -period and to find the parameter values (halflife and onset) of the stochastic phase of the D -period in exponential cultures, eliminating the need for synchronization procedures.
Peripheral recognition thresholds for digits.

Boynton ( 1 ) maintains that "there is some evidence that the hierarchy achieved by ordering a given collection of forms from most to least recognizable is altered only slightly by the method of impoverishment selected" (1 , p. 190). This study compared peripheral viewing by 4 Ss with their foveal blurring obtained in a prior study ( 5 ) . Threshold measurements were made with a modified Ferree-Rand perimeter, 36point Century Old Style Bold digits illuminated at 1.5 apparent ft-c., in S's better eye, in the nasal, temporal, superior and inferior meridians. The literature indicates there have been comparatively few studies of peripheral f o ~ m discrimination. Present results indicate S can map a visual form field, differences lie in the extent of the boundaries of the field in each meridian, the extent of the inferior meridian is greater than the superior, form does not play a significant role, there is no significant relationship berween foveal and peripheral recognition thresholds under the conditions of this study, and there is no significant relationship becween the recognition thresholds and the free-recall value of the digits. These results support the earlier findings regarding the nature and extent of the form field, the role of form, and Koffka's (2 ) concept, anisotropy. The findings do not support Parsons' ( 3 ) contention that foveal and peripheral form are mediated similarly, Koffka's ( 2 ) contention that "good" figures foveally will be "good" figures peripherally, Boynton's (1) contention that the method of impoverishment has little effect on hierarchical ordering or Pierce's (4 ) concept of response set.
PERSISTENT LANDOWNERSHIP AT THE RURAL-URBAN FRINGE

The discontinuous pattern of urban sprawl is due in part to landowners who refuse to sell property in markets characterized by high demand. This paper identifies characteristics of persistent lando...
Evidence for different requirements in physical state for the interaction of lipopolysaccharides with the classical and alternative pathways of complement.

The influence of the state of aggregation of lipopolysaccharides upon their ability to interact with serum complement via either the classical or alternative pathway was studied. The anticomplement properties of two chromatographically distinct fractions of a phenol-extracted lipopolysaccharide isolated from Serratia marcescens were assessed by means of the standard sheep erythrocyte hemolytic assay and an alternative pathway-selective kinetic assay using rabbit erythrocytes. Both the high molecular weight PI fraction and the lower molecular weight PII fraction exerted anticomplement activity as determined in the sheep erythrocyte assay. Conversion of fractions PI and PII to their more soluble triethylamine salt forms resulted in a decrease in sedimentation coefficients and a corresponding loss of anticomplement activity. Further, the anticomplement activity of fractions PI and PII in the sheep erythrocyte assay was inhibited by polymyxin B, indicating a role for the lipid A region. Unlike the PII fraction, only the PI fraction can activate serum complement via the alternative pathway. This activity is not inhibited by polymyxin B, indicating that the response is not lipid A-mediated. Significantly, solubilization of the PI fraction with triethylamine had no effect on its ability to activate the alternative pathway. These studies clearly demonstrate that the interaction between lipopolysaccharides and serum complement is influenced by the state of lipopolysaccharide aggregation. However, this appears to be the case for lipopolysaccharide activation of the classical pathway but not of the alternative pathway.
Purification and Analysis of Calcium Carbonate with a Poly(dithiocarbamate) Resin

In our spectrochemical studies of the trace element contents of animal and human bone, phosphate rock, and dolomite, the need arose to prepare and/or match standards and samples with reagent-grade calcium salt. However, reagent-grade calcium salts (e.g., CaCO3) contained metal impurities that contributed to the reagent blank at a level found in the samples. A simple method is described that provides a means to purify the calcium carbonate of many trace metals.
Neonatal cocaine exposure and activity rhythms in rats

This study looked at the effects of neonatal cocaine exposure on activity rhythms over a 48-h period in rats. Subjects were artificially-reared from postnatal days (PN) 4-10 via intragastric cannulas. The four treatment groups included two cocaine doses (20 and 40 mg/kg per day), an artificially-reared control and a normally reared suckled control. Subjects were tested at PN 38-40 in an automated running wheel. Neonatal cocaine exposure did not alter activity rhythms over the 48-h test period. However, there was a gender-specific effect of neonatal cocaine exposure on response to the novel test chamber and to the experimenter. The 20 mg/kg cocaine-exposed females showed increased running wheel activity relative to all other groups after placement in the running wheel. During the second 24-h period, cocaine-exposed females from both cocaine groups showed increased activity relative to controls following the entry of an experimenter to the test room. These findings suggest that female rats exposed to cocaine neonatally show an increased response to novel environments and stimuli.
A QSAR analysis of substituent effects on the photoinduced acute toxicity of PAHs

Photoinduced toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a result of competing effects including stability and light absorbance of the molecules as well as irradiation parameters. The energy difference between the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital and the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO-LUMO gap), which can be computed directly from structure, was found to be the molecular descriptor that best distinguishes phototoxic chemicals from non-phototoxic chemicals. Aromatic chemicals that are phototoxic in sunlight have HOMO-LUMO gap energies that fall in the range of 6.7 to 7.5 eV. This study showed that the effect of most substituents on the HOMO-LUMO gap was negligible, and that phototoxicity in an aromatic chemical is likely only if the parent aromatic structure is phototoxic. Exceptions included substituents that add to delocalization (nitro and alkenyl) which could shift some chemicals with a HOMO-LUMO gap just above 7.5 eV into the domain of photoinduced toxicity.
Alkenylsilane effects on organotitanium-catalyzed ethylene polymerization. Toward simultaneous polyolefin branch and functional group introduction.

The comonomer 5-hexenylsilane is introduced into organotitanium-mediated ethylene polymerizations to produce silane-terminated ethylene/5-hexenylsilane copolymers. The resulting polymers were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, GPC, and DSC. High activities (up to 107 g polymer/(mol Ti·atm ethylene·h)) and narrow polydispersities are observed in the polymerization/chain transfer process. Ethylene/5-hexenylsilane copolymer molecular weights are found to be inversely proportional to 5-hexenylsilane concentration, supporting a silanolytic chain transfer mechanism. Control experiments indicate that chain transfer mechanism by 5-hexenylsilane is significantly more efficient than that of n-hexylsilane for organotitanium-mediated ethylene polymerization. The present study represents the first case in which a functionalized comonomer is efficiently used to effect both propagation and chain transfer chemistry during olefin polymerization.
Phase I study of high-dose cytosine arabinoside and etoposide in patients with advanced malignancies.

Cytosine arabinsodie (ara-C) and etoposide (VP-16) display synergy in the laboratory. Twenty-six patients participated in a phase I study of high-dose ara-C in combination with VP-16. The dose of VP-16 was held constant at 50 mg/m2 as an intermittent infusion over 33 h; escalating doses of ara-C were given as infusions during hours 9–12 and 21–24. Myelosuppression was the dose-limiting toxicity and occurred with doses considerably less than those expected from studies of the two drugs as single agents. The suggested initial doses for phase II trials with this schedule are 750 mg/m2×2 doses of ara-C and 50 mg/m2 of VP-16. Nonhematologic toxicity was minimal; therefore, further dose escalation is feasible in patients in whom myelosuppression is acceptable.
Temporary retardation of cartilage growth in mice after external beta-irradiation.

Sur les cartilages de conjugaison de souris adulte, on a mesure par une methode histologique l'effet de grandes doses de rayonnements beta de90Sr-90Y appliquees a 68 rads/h pendants 11–16 h. Apres l'irradiation, les changements d'epaisseur du cartilage ont suggere un modele de dommages et de recuperation qui ressembla a une reponse adaptive aux expositions unique de l'X-irradiation.
Spin-parity of the 14.08 MeV level in 12C

Employing the spin alignment obtained with inelastic α particle scattering at 0°, we have shown the Jπ of the 14.08 MeV level in 12C to be 4+. The branching ratio of this level for α decay to the 8Be ground state is (9 ± 3)%; however, this ratio could be affected by interference with inelastic scattering to the 3α continuum.
An optimization-based domain decomposition method for a nonlinear problem

A nonoverlapping domain decomposition method for the solution of a nonlinear problem is presented. The method is based on optimization to seek the Neumann boundary conditions on the interfaces between subdomains. We show that solutions of the minimization problem exist and derive an optimality system from which these solutions may be determined. We also examine finite element approximations of the solutions of the optimality system. The domain decomposition method is then reformulated as a nonlinear least-squares problem and the results of numerical experiments are given.
A Large Sample Procedure for Testing Coefficients of Ordinal Association: Goodman and Kruskal's Gamma and Somers' dba and dab 1:

This paper describes a FORTRAN Extended computer program which computes Goodman and Kruskal's sample gamma and Somers' sample dba with column variable dependent and sample dab with row variable dependent. The program also provides associated standard errors, z-scores, and one- and two-tailed probability values.
The structure of urban governance in South African cities

This paper analyzes the economic factors that will determine the evolution of the structure of urban governance in South Africa's major metropolitan areas. The paper suggests that fiscal autonomy, distributional, and efficiency considerations have supported a move toward a two-tier metropolitan structure. Within this two-tier system, fiscal stability considerations favor a model of functional fragmentation and privatization of municipal services. Two factors that have influenced the choice of urban governance are spatial policies of the apartheid regime and the uncertainty in the allocation of fiscal transfers between different tiers of government.
Reply to “Comment on ‘Morphology of Silicon Nitride Grown from a Liquid Phase’”

In their comment on the authors paper, Kitayama et. al. suggested that the weighted mean curvature method should have been used to obtain surface chemical potential. Their results are correct, but only for crystals that have a flat end. Since the grains of {beta}-Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} in the authors observation, as well as others reported in the literature, are not fully faceted and do not have flat ends, their result cannot be applied to those cases. They are certainly not useful for treating surface morphology that has undulations. To allow a more general discussion not restricted to grains with flat ends, the authors have derived the surface potential for a rod-shaped crystal having spherical end caps and a circular cross section.