cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parent Gender Affects the Influence of Parent Emotional Eating and Feeding Practices on Child Emotional Eating.

Extant research supports a direct association between parent’s own emotional eating and their child’s emotional eating, and demonstrates correlations among parent emotional eating, feeding practices, and child emotional eating. However, the majority of this work focuses on the separate influences of these factors. The current study aims to add to the literature by simultaneously examining the indirect effects of three major parental feeding practices (i.e., emotion regulation, instrumental, and restrictive feeding) in the association between parent emotional eating and child emotional eating, and exploring how these indirect effects vary based on parent gender. Parents (86 fathers, 324 mothers) of an elementary school-age child (M = 8.35, SD = 2.29, range = 5-13) completed an online survey through Qualtrics Panels. Results suggested that restrictive feeding partially accounted for the association between parent and child emotional eating in the combined sample of mothers and fathers. Exploratory analyses revealed that the indirect effects of parental feeding practices in the association between parent emotional eating and child emotional eating varied based on parent gender. Among mothers, restrictive feeding was the only feeding practice that partially accounted for the association between maternal and child emotional eating, whereas all three feeding practices fully accounted for the association between father and child emotional eating. As the bulk of the literature on parent emotional eating and feeding has solely focused on mothers, these findings offer insight into how feeding practices may differentially function in the relation between parent emotional eating and child emotional eating for mothers versus fathers.
Case 14: Living on the Equator

It is in the middle of the day and you have just arrived in a mission hospital in Gabon. The sun is shining mercilessly, and the temperature is 38 °C (100 °F). The hospital which was a former military base consists of converted barracks. One barrack contains two operating rooms. As you walk up the steps to this building, you note that just outside the door are two large opened 5 gallon plastic pails containing Sodasorb® absorbent (WR Grace & Co. Conn. USA). The pails are full of white granules and they are standing without any shade. Inside the barrack, you meet an anesthesia nurse. She tells you that CO2 analyzer in both operating rooms are malfunctioning, but all the other monitors are working. You see the anesthesia machines and confirm that both CO2 analyzers are not working but all other monitors are. The anesthesia machines have the option to use soda lime carbon dioxide absorbent. The nurse tells you that the Sodasorb® outside on the steps arrived 2 days ago. She opened them when they arrived to make sure the pails contained the absorbent. Unfortunately, she has not had time to take them in but will do it now as there is no more Sodasorb® in the barrack or any fresh Sodasorb® in the CO2 canister attached to the anesthesia machine.
Do Palliative Care Providers Use Complementary and Integrative Medicine? A Nationwide Survey.

Abstract Context Given the high prevalence of burdensome symptoms in palliative care (PC) and increasing use of complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) therapies, research is needed to determine how often and what types of CIM therapies providers recommend to manage symptoms in PC. Objective To document recommendation rates of CIM for target symptoms and assess if CIM use varies by provider characteristics. Methods Nationwide survey of physicians (MD and DO), physician assistants, and nurse practitioners in PC. Results Participants (N=404) were mostly female (71.3%), physicians (74.9%), and cared for adults (90.4%). Providers recommended CIM an average of 6.82 times per-month (95% CI: 6.04-7.60) and used an average of 5.13 (95% CI: 4.90-5.36) out of 10 CIM modalities. Respondents recommended mind-body medicines (e.g., meditation, biofeedback) most, followed by massage, and acupuncture/acupressure. The most targeted symptoms included pain; followed by anxiety, mood disturbance and distress. Recommendation frequencies for specific modality-for-symptom combinations ranged from little use (e.g., aromatherapy for constipation) to occasional use (e.g., mind-body interventions for psychiatric symptoms). Finally, recommendation rates increased as a function of pediatric practice, non-inpatient practice setting, provider age, and proportion of effort spent delivering palliative care. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first national survey to characterize PC providers’ CIM recommendation behaviors and assess specific therapies and common target symptoms. Providers recommended a broad range of CIM but do so less frequently than patients report using CIM. These findings should be of interest to any provider caring for patients with serious illness.
A Mechanized Logic for Secure Key Escrow Protocol Verification

Reasoning about key escrow protocols has increasingly become an important issue. The Escrowed Encryption Standard (EES) has been proposed as a US government standard for the encryption of unclassified telecommunications. One unique feature of this system is key escrow. The purpose of key escrow is to allow government access to session keys shared by EES devices. We develop a framework to formally specify and verify the correctness of key escrow protocols that we mechanize within the HOL theorem proving system. Our logic closely follows the logic, SVO, used for analyzing cryptographic protocols which was developed by Syverson and vanOorschot [13]. Using the HOL mechanization of SVO, we formally demonstrate the failure of the EES key escrow system by showing that it does not insure that the escrow agent receives correct information. This was previously shown experimentally [2]. Last, we offer an alternative escrow protocol and demonstrate its correctness.
Aspects of Feminism and Gender in the Novels of Three West African Women Writers (Aidoo, Emecheta, Darko) by Edith Kohrs-Amissah. Heidelberg, Books on African Studies 90pp. ISBN 3-927198-17X

In her book, Aspects of Feminism and Gender in the Novels of Three West African Women Writers, Edith Kohrs-Amissah revisits the Third World or African feminist debate on feminist theoretical conceptualization, naming, and identity. She does this by testing the theoretical contributions of leading scholars like ‘Molara Ogundipe-Leslie, Chikwenye Okonjo Ogunyemi, and others against selected works of Ama Ata Aidoo, Buchi Emecheta and Amma Darko. Because these three women’s works only represent two countries, Ghana and Nigeria, Kohrs-Amissah acknowledges that although she uses theories of African feminism in examining the works of the authors, her work “lays no claim to being comprehensive on the topic of feminism in Africa and on feminism in African Literature” (11). With this, she embarks on a journey to find a space for her own literary examination of contemporary African women’s positionality, environment, and challenges in Aidoo’s Changes. A Love Story, Emecheta’s Kehinde, and Amma Darko’s Beyond the Horizon.
Correlates of dangerous behavior by schizophrenics in hospital.

Abstract An evaluation of correlates of inpatient dangerous behavior in a schizophrenic population is presented. Potential correlates included: neuroleptic serum levels, admission schizophrenic symptoms on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), act leading to admission, military experience, and childhood discipline. A multiple regression analysis indicated that the best correlate of inpatient physical assualts, verbal assualts, and toal number of inpatient dangerous acts in our population was low neuroleptic serum levels. The best predictor of seclusion and restraint was severity of Vietnam combat. Additional significant correlates included degree of schizophrenic symptoms on the BPRS and history of violence prior to admission. Three factors: neuroleptic serum level, degree of schizophrenic symptoms, and violence prior to admission accounted for 49% of the sample variance of inpatient assaults.
The Therapeutic Dividend of Roentgenographic Resurveys in a Psychiatric Hospital

During a two-year period, 107 persons with active tuberculosis were admitted to the tuberculosis sections of a large state psychiatric hospital. Fifty were transfers from other state psychiatric institutions and 57 were discovered in the home institution. Far-advanced disease was less common among the latter and the therapeutic results were significantly better. The excellent results of treatment are attributed to an adequate tuberculosis control program which permits only cases of recent onset to come to therapy. The incidence of new active cases of tuberculosis in a captive psychotic population now approximates 2/1000/year and is approaching that which exists in the general urban populatio
Cross-protection between Histoplasma capsulatum and Oidiodendron kalrai in mice.

Cross-protection studies were carried out by immunizing mice intraperitoneally with live and formalin killed yeast cells ofHistoplasma capsulatum andOidiodendron kalrai. Immunized and non-immunized mice were challenged intravenously 21 days later with the yeast cells ofHistoplasma capsulatum. The greatest protection was observed in mice immunized with live cells ofH. capsulatum and was definitely superior to that obtained with killed cells ofH. capsulatum. Significant protection against challenge byH. capsulatum was observed in mice immunized with killed but not with live cells ofO. kalrai.
Response of yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) seedlings to simulated acid rain and ozone—1. Growth modifications

Abstract One-year-old yellow-poplar seedlings were exposed to 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 ppm ozone (O 3 ) for 8 hr on each of 3 consecutive days. On the 4th day they were treated with 1.25 cm of simulated rain at a pH of 3.0, 4.0, or 5.5. The plants were placed on a greenhouse bench for the remainder of the week. This procedure was repeated each week from late May until mid-October. Seedlings in each treatment were harvested on 15 July, 1 September, and 15 October, and leaf area, leaf weight, new-growth weight, and height were determined. Stepwise regression was used to develop a response surface for each variable at each harvest. Growth-analysis variables were calculated from the response surfaces. Both O 3 and rain acidity had an impact on growth. At the second harvest (1 September), only acidity had an impact on growth; in general, growth increased with a decrease in acidity. At the first and third harvests (15 July and 15 October), O 3 alone or in combination with rain acidity affected growth. Growth decreased with an increase in O 3 concentration or a decrease in the acidity.
Ground monitoring schemes for GPS integrity channel

Issues involved in the design and implementation of the ground monitor segment Global Positioning System (GPS) are analyzed. In particular, two alternative ground monitoring schemes are presented and compared, one using classified GPS information, and the other not. For each scheme, processing functions that must be performed by the ground monitoring segment are identified, considering both the impact of selective availability on monitoring and the integrity decision concept recommended by the Global Integrity Channel (GIC) Working Group of the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics Special Committee-159. >
Thermal continuum from accretion disks in quasars

It is argued that supermassive accretion in disks may explain the flat optical continuum observed from some QSOs and Seyfert galaxies. With the aid of energy considerations it is shown that a luminous QSO may be powered by accretion onto a black hole with a mass corresponding to that of 100 million solar masses. It is proposed that the blue continuum component of 3C 273 is thermal continuum emission from the inner part of an accretion disk that powers 3C 273. The present model suggests that many QSOs and Seyfert galaxies may show a power law continuum plus thermal emission from the disk at optical or UV frequencies. Many such objects show indeed a flattening or upturn of their continua in the blue. The QSO PHL 957 shows a flat continuum and indications of a cutoff at the highest observed frequencies.
Review and Prospect of the Research of Vibration and Friction Mechanism of Machine Joint Surfaces

The machine joint surfaces are necessary to form the functions of the complex mechanical system. Because the macro or micro relative motions may appear in the machine joint surfaces, the vibration and friction phenomena will be excited, then the singularities, disturbances and faults of the mechanical system may be appeared when the machine equipments in the running process. These undesired phenomena will have adverse effect on the efficiency, precision, reliability and lifetime of the mechanical equipment. In order to ensure the functions and properties of the mechanical system, more attentions should be paid to mechanism of vibration and friction during the process of designing and manufacturing the modern machine. In this paper, machine joint surfaces are classified by different classification standards: the macro relative motions and micro contact styles between the joint surfaces. The theories and methods for researching vibration and friction mechanism are inducted and summarized and the view of non-linear should be advocated for the future research. The point of precisely quantifying for machine assembly accuracy design while considered the relevancies between the macro and micro-scale of mechanical system indicates that new directions and methods for studying vibration and friction mechanism in machine joint surfaces should be put forward.
The Vela satellite program for detection of high-altitude nuclear detonations

The Vela satellite high-altitude test detection system contains X-ray, gamma-ray, and neutron detectors which sense the radiations generated by a detonation in space. The satellites also contain background radiation monitors which are useful in assessing the effect of natural background radiations on the operation of the detection system. This paper contains a review of some of the problems involved in the design of the system, and a description of the instruments. Three pairs of spacecraft are currently in orbit and the detection systems are operating essentially as expected. A survey of the characteristics of the far magnetosphere and its environs, as determined from the background radiation monitors, will also be presented.
Global results on Bonnet Surfaces

The local theory of the Bonnet Surfaces in the three dimensional Euclidean Space of the type of non-constant mean curvature that admit infinitely many non-trivial and geometrically distinct isometries preserving the mean curvature has been developed, in the literature, under the assumption that the surfaces contain no umbilic points and no critical points of the mean curvature function. Here, we prove that these restrictions do not create any difference from the possible global results, except in one case in which we prove that the set of the umbilic points, known to consist of exactly one point, is equal to the set of the critical points of the mean curvature function. Furthermore, we show that the index of this umbilic point, as isolated singularity of the foliation of the principal curves is one. In our proofs we use: (a) An intrinsic characterization of these surfaces, which we derive in a manner easier and including more details than those already found in the literature. From this characterization we conclude that all surfaces of this type are analytic. (b) The harmonic functions of the angles by which the respected isometries rotate the principal frames, which we compute.
Further Notes for Predicting Shielding Effectiveness for the Plane Shield Case

The problem of the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of an electrically thin, nonmagnetic, plane metal sheet of infinite extent on the electromagnetic field generated by a circular loop field source with uniform current I is solved by application of the quasi-near field approximations to the exact integral expressions. The results are shown to be in excellent agreement with experimental data as well as numerical integration results.
The Bxb1 recombination system demonstrates heritable transmission of site-specific excision in Arabidopsis

Background: The mycobacteriophage large serine recombinase Bxb1 catalyzes site-specific recombination between its corresponding attP and attB recognition sites. Previously, we and others have shown that Bxb1 has catalytic activity in various eukaryotic species including Nicotiana tabacum, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, insects and mammalian cells. Results: In this work, the Bxb1 recombinase gene was transformed and constitutively expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana plants harboring a chromosomally integrated attP and attB-flanked target sequence. The Bxb1 recombinase successfully excised the target sequence in a conservative manner and the resulting recombination event was heritably transmitted to subsequent generations in the absence of the recombinase transgene. In addition, we also show that Bxb1 recombinase expressing plants can be manually crossed with att-flanked target transgenic plants to generate excised progeny. Conclusion: The Bxb1 large serine recombinase performs site-specific recombination in Arabidopsis thaliana germinal tissue, producing stable lines free of unwanted DNA. The precise site-specific deletion produced by Bxb1 in planta demonstrates that this enzyme can be a useful tool for the genetic engineering of plants without selectable marker transgenes or other undesirable exogenous sequences.
The Post-Palin Calculus: The 2012 Republican Veepstakes

In this article results are presented from a conditional logit model of vice presidential selection that correctly predicts Mitt Romney selecting Paul Ryan as his vice presidential running mate in 2012. The model, which correctly predicts 14 of the 20 contested major party vice presidential nominations from 1960 through 2008, suggests that media exposure, political experience, having served in the military, age, and gender/racial/ethnic diversity are significant factors in selecting a vice presidential candidate in the modern era.
The toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodilbenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in guppies (Poecilia reticulatus Peters).

Exposure of guppies to 0.1, 1.0, or 10.0 ppb TCDD for 120 hours caused complete mortality in the next 32, 21, and 30 days, respectively. Duration of survival was significantly and positively correlated with body length. The concentrations of TCDD used in these tests were considerably greater than expected to occur in forest streams after aerial application of 2,4,5-T. The threshold-response level for TCDD in fish has not been reported.
Mercury in surficial waters of rural Wisconsin lakes

Abstract As part of an ongoing program to investigate mechanisms regulating the aquatic biogeochemistry of Hg, unfiltered surface waters of eight rural lakes in northcentral Wisconsin were collected and analyzed for reactive and total Hg. Samples were collected during autumn mixis using ultra-clean, trace-metal-free protocols which have been applied successfully in the marine environment. Results indicate that Hg concentrations are considerably lower than previously reported, and approach levels observed in remote ocean waters. Concentrations of reactive Hg ranged from 0.7 to 2.9 pM in the eight lakes studied. Total Hg, determined following strong oxidation using BrCl, ranged from 4.7 to 9.7 p M in four of the lakes. Although the data set is limited, these concentrations are 20–100 times lower than previous estimates for lakes in the region. The results reemphasize the importance of uncompromised clean laboratory protocols in the collection and analysis of trace constituents in natural waters. They also imply a reevaluation of ideas regarding the sources and distribution of Hg in lakes. A simple mass balance for Little Rock Lake clearly shows the potential importance of both atmospheric Hg deposition and sedimentary remobilization to the geochemical cycling and bioaccumulation of Hg.
Charge States of Solar Energetic Iron: Nonequilibrium Calculation with Shock-induced Acceleration

Observed charge states of solar energetic ions by Solar, Anomalous, and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer and Advanced Composition Explorer from recent large solar events in 1992 and 1997 show an energy-dependent feature that apparently has not been seen in earlier events, e.g., in 1978–1979. The mean charge state of iron, and to a lesser extent other heavy ions, was observed to increase with energy from ∼0.5 to ∼50 MeV nucleon^(-1). We present a possible explanation for this new feature and discuss potential implications for models of particle acceleration. Our calculation suggests that this energy-dependent feature is a result of the charge-changing and energy-changing processes taking place concurrently and can be absent when the processes act over different timescales.
Mechanisms of Disease: advances in diagnosis and treatment of hyperinsulinism in neonates

Hyperinsulinism is the single most common mechanism of hypoglycemia in neonates. Dysregulated insulin secretion is responsible for the transient and prolonged forms of neonatal hypoglycemia, and congenital genetic disorders of insulin regulation represent the most common of the permanent disorders of hypoglycemia. Mutations in at least five genes have been associated with congenital hyperinsulinism: they encode glucokinase, glutamate dehydrogenase, the mitochondrial enzyme short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and the two components (sulfonylurea receptor 1 and potassium inward rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11) of the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K(ATP) channels). K(ATP) hyperinsulinism is the most common and severe form of congenital hyperinsulinism. Infants suffering from K(ATP) hyperinsulinism present shortly after birth with severe and persistent hypoglycemia, and the majority are unresponsive to medical therapy, thus requiring pancreatectomy. In up to 40-60% of the children with K(ATP) hyperinsulinism, the defect is limited to a focal lesion in the pancreas. In these children, local resection results in cure with avoidance of the complications inherent to a near-total pancreatectomy. Hyperinsulinism can also be part of other disorders such as Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and congenital disorders of glycosylation. The diagnosis and management of children with congenital hyperinsulinism requires a multidisciplinary approach to achieve the goal of therapy: prevention of permanent brain damage due to recurrent hypoglycemia.
Immunoresponsiveness of herpesvirus SA 8 infected infant baboons.

Infant baboons were raised up to 2 months of age under conventional or gnotobiotic conditions. When 1 month old they were infected with one LD50 (106·2TCID50) of baboon herpesvirus SA 8. Humoral immunity was assessed by virus neutralization and radioimmunoassay (RIA), cell-mediated immunity by lymphocyte blast transformation and macrophage migration inhibition. Virus neutralizing antibodies could not be demonstrated; however, a significant humoral immune response was detected in gnotobiotic infant baboons through use of RIA: this reactivity was suppressed at 5 days post-infection (p.i.), but a significant increase was noted at 10 days p.i. Also at 10 days p.i. most animals' cell-mediated immune responses were positive as detected by the macrophage migration inhibition and/or lymphocyte blastogenesis assay. These data demonstrate in vitro cell-mediated and humoral immunoresponsiveness of infant baboons following generalized herpesvirus infection and suggest that these parameters may also play a role in resistance and recovery.
Computer graphics, visual imagery, and spatial thought.

The presentation of visual and spatial information in an interactive format with computer graphics makes the computer a unique tool for experiences with imagery and for developing knowledge about space.
Mutational spectrum analysis of umuC-independent and umuC-dependent γ-radiation mutagenesis in Escherichia coli

Abstract γ-Radiation mutagenesis (oxic versus anoxic) was examined in wild-type, umuC and recA strains of Escherichia coli K-12. Mutagenesis [ argR 3(Oc) → Arb + ] was blocked in a Δ( recA-srlR )306 strain at the same doses that induced mutations in umuC 122::Tn5 and wild-type strains, indicating that both umuC -independent and umuC -dependent mechanisms function within recA -dependent misrepair. Analyses of various suppressor and back mutations that result in argE 3 and hisG 4 ochre reversion and an analysis of trpE 977 (+ 1 frameshift) reversion were performed on umuC and wild-type cells irradiated in the presence and absence of oxygen. While the umuC strain showed the γ-radiation induction of base substitution and frameshifts when irradiated in the absence of oxygen, the umuC mutation blocked all oxygen-dependent base-substitution mutagenesis, but not all oxygen-dependent frameshift mutagenesis. For anoxically irradiated cells, the yields of GC → AT [i.e., at the supB and supE (Oc) loci] and AT → GC transitions (i.e., at the argE 3 and hisG 4 loci) were essentially umuC independent, while the yields of (AT or GC) → TA transversions (i.e., at the supC, supL, supM, supN and supX loci) were heavily umuC dependent. These data suggest new concepts about the nature of the DNA lesions and the mutagenic mechanisms that lead to γ-radiation mutagenesis.
The impact of high surface area magnesium hydroxide on the stability of vinylidene chloride copolymers

Abstract Vinylidene chloride (VDC) copolymers display high barrier to the transport of oxygen, other small molecules, and flavor and aroma agents. For this reason they occupy a place of prominence in the plastic packaging industry. Unfortunately, these polymers undergo facile thermally-induced degradative dehydrochlorination at modest temperatures. To permit the processing of these materials at 150–170°C an effective stabilization package is required. One component of any stabilization system is a passive base to absorb evolved hydrogen chloride which can form accelerative Lewis acids by interaction with metallic surfaces of process equipment. The availability of a new high-surface area magnesium hydroxide offers potential for development as an effective additive for this purpose. Blends of this material and other commercially available magnesium hydroxides with a vinylidene chloride/methyl acrylate (5 mol%) copolymer have been examined by thermogravimetry to assess the utility of these materials as potential stabilizers for vinylidene chloride polymers.
Exploring energy and performance behaviors of data-intensive scientific workflows on systems with deep memory hierarchies

The increasing gap between the rate at which large scale scientific simulations generate data and the corresponding storage speeds and capacities is leading to more complex system architectures with deep memory hierarchies. Advances in non-volatile memory (NVRAM) technology have made it an attractive candidate as intermediate storage in this memory hierarchy to address the latency and performance gap between main memory and disk storage. As a result, it is important to understand and model its energy/performance behavior from an application perspective as well as how it can be effectively used for staging data within an application workflow. In this paper, we target a NVRAM-based deep memory hierarchy and explore its potential for supporting in-situ/in-transit data analytics pipelines that are part of application workflows patterns. Specifically, we model the memory hierarchy and experimentally explore energy/performance behaviors of different data management strategies and data exchange patterns, as well as the tradeoffs associated with data placement, data movement and data processing.
On the comparison of numerical methods for the integration of kinetic equations in atmospheric chemistry and transport models

Abstract The integration of systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that arise in atmospheric photochemistry is of significant concern to tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry modelers. As a consequence of the stiff nature of these ODE systems, their solution requires a large fraction of the total computational effort in three-dimensional chemical model simulations. Several integration techniques have been proposed and utilized over the years in an attempt to provide computationally efficient, yet accurate, solutions to chemical kinetics ODES. In this work, we present a comparison of some of these techniques and argue that valid comparisons of ODE solvers must take into account the trade-off between solution accuracy and computational efficiency. Misleading comparison results can be obtained by neglecting the fact that any ODE solution method can be made faster or slower by manipulation of the appropriate error tolerances or time steps. Comparisons among ODE solution techniques should therefore attempt to identify which technique can provide the most accurate solution with the least computational effort over the entire range of behavior of each technique. We present here a procedure by which ODE solver comparisons can achieve this goal. Using this methodology, we compare a variety of integration techniques, including methods proposed by Hesstvedt et al. (1978, Int. J. Chem. Kinet. 10, 971–994), Gong and Cho (1993, Atmospheric Environment 27A, 2147–2160), Young and Boris (1977, J. phys. Chem. 81, 2424–2427) and Hindmarsh (1983, In Scientific Computing (edited by Stepleman R. S. et al.), pp. 55–64. North-Holland, Amsterdam). We find that Gear-type solvers such as the Livermore Solver for ordinary differential equations (LSODE) and the sparse-matrix version of LSODE (LSODES) provide the most accurate solution of our test problems with the least computational effort.
Effect of different pupil to eye size ratios on tonic immobility in chickens

Seven simulated eyes with varying pupil size to eye ratios were tested for their effects on the duration of tonic immobility. A pair of eyes with a ratio of approximately 11/20 mm was the only configuration which produced reliable increases in response duration. The results were discussed as they relate to the possible role of eye contact in predator-prey encounters.
Substance Abuse-Specific Knowledge Transfer or Loss? Treatment Program Turnover versus Professional Turnover among Substance Abuse Clinicians

This longitudinal study investigated the extent to which substance abuse (SA) clinician turnover is associated with SA-specific knowledge loss due to change in professions (professional turnover) versus SA-specific knowledge transfer due to movement from one SA clinical setting to another (treatment program turnover). For this study, clinicians had to have voluntarily left their current treatment program. Eligible clinicians completed a quantitative survey while employed and a qualitative post-employment exit interview 1 year later. Compared to those that exited the SA profession (n = 99), clinicians who changed treatment programs (n = 120) had greater SA-specific formal knowledge and were more likely to be personally in recovery. No differences were found between the two groups in terms of SA-specific practical knowledge.
Numerical simulation of photonic crystal based nano-resonators on scanning probe tip for enhanced light confinement

We present the design and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation of a novel near-field visible light confinement probe operating at wavelength of 635nm, using nano-resonators embedded within a 2D slab photonic crystal waveguide (PCW). The 2D slab PCW is composed of triangular air holes of diameter 136nm and lattice constant a = 227nm etched through 1.2a thickness silicon nitride center slab layer and 0.4a thickness silicon dioxide cladding layers. Center evanescent peak was generated for TE excitation, with additional mode matching been considered to greatly reduce the propagation loss. The air slot inside the PCW center line defect creates the boundary condition for a one-and-a-half wavelength nano Fabry-Perot resonating cavities designed to enhance the light throughput. The dominating travelling modes are blocked by the resonator to remove the side lobes in the near field, with the main lobe size being proportional to the size of the air slot. For air slot width of 45nm, the sub-wavelength light confinement can achieve 1/15th of the wavelength, which is 1000 times enhancement comparing to that of the metal-coated fiber probe tip.
Carbon Monoxide Exposures from Snow Melting Machines

Snow melting machines are coming into wide usage in cities and airports. Large units are capable of melting 50 tons of ice per hour by burning 125 gallons of fuel oil per hour in immersion-type burners that discharge hot combustion gases through the melting pool to extract the maximum quantity of heat. When improperly designed or operated, the flame can impinge on snow or icewater before combustion is completed with the resulting formation of large amounts of carbon monoxide. Following the death of one person and serious CO poisoning of another, measurements were made at an operator's station of one large machine where CO concentrations were found to be in excess of 2,000 ppm. Renovation of the burners in these units resulted in a reduction of CO concentrations to less than 50 ppm, the TLV.
A Control Theoretic Analysis of Arbitration and Matching Schemes for Packet Switches

Stability of a switch or router is one of the features of most interest. A stable input buffered switch means that occupancies in any of the input queues converges to a value different from infinity for admissible ingress traffic. Techniques to study stability in a switch are limited and sometimes unsuitable for elaborated schemes. Lyapunov functions have been used to analyze stability in maximum weight matching (MWM) schemes and may be hard to apply in other schemes. Here, we propose an alternative technique and it may be applied to a wide range of selection schemes, and furthermore, to different switch architectures. As an application of this technique, this paper discusses the impact of the granularity of the service time in the stability of an input-queued switch.
Superconductor superlattice model for small-angle grain boundaries in Y-Ba-Cu-O.

The measured critical current ratios of small-angle Y-Ba-Cu-O grain boundaries fabricated by Dimos {ital et} {ital al}., are calculated from a superconducting superlattice model where the periodicity is given by the Read-Shockley formula. The layers` thicknesses are estimated from stress-field calculations of a periodic edge-dislocations array model. The measured critical current dependence on the misalignment angle and the temperature are reproduced with a single fitting parameter. This parameter is related to the stress field in proximity to an edge dislocation. The model`s validity and comparison with other attempts at the same data are discussed.
Catalytic activities of glycogenin additional to autocatalytic self-glucosylation.

Glycogenin is the autocatalytic, self-glucosylating protein that initiates glycogen synthesis in muscle and other tissues. We have sequenced the cDNA for rabbit muscle glycogenin and expressed and purified the protein in high yield as well as two mutant proteins in which Phe or Thr replaces Tyr-194, the site of glucosylation. While the wild-type protein can self-glucosylate, the mutants cannot, but all three utilize alternative acceptors by intermolecular glucose transfer for which the mutants have altered specificity. Tyr-194 is therefore not essential for the catalytic activity of glycogenin. All three proteins also hydrolyze UDP-glucose to glucose at rates comparable with the rate of self-glucosylation. The hydrolysis is competitive with glucose transfer to p-nitrophenyl α-maltoside. Self-glucosylation, glucosylation of other acceptors, and hydrolysis all appear to be catalyzed by the same active center. In the absence of peptidase inhibitors, the homogenous recombinant proteins of Mr 37,000 break down to equally active species having Mr 32,000. The kinetics of self-glucosylation catalyzed by the wild-type enzyme suggest that the reaction could be intermolecular rather than, as previously reported, intramolecular. The wild-type recombinant enzyme and native muscle glycogenin, which is phosphorylated, are inhibited quite differently by ATP at physiological concentration.
Do Vocal Warm-Up Exercises Alleviate Vocal Fatigue?

Vocal warm-up (WU) exercises of varying types and durations have been suggested as a way of improving vocal function. However, limited research has been conducted to assess the effects of vocal WU ...
Studies on Overholding in High-Temperature Short-Time Pasteurizers Operated on Water

Summary The flow of water at 160° F. through holding tubes of various diameters has been studied by tracing the movement of charges of salt solution introduced into the inlet ends of the tubes. The results indicate that any given quantity of material entering a holding tube is spread out considerably and that parts of it remain in the tube for longer periods than do other parts. Any material that remains in the holding tube for longer than the desired holding time is overheld. The data presented show quantitatively the amount of fluid overheld for various times in holding tubes of 1-in., 1½-in., and 2½-in. sanitary metal pipe. Overholding was found to diminish with increasing velocity in a given size of pipe and, at a constant velocity, to diminish as the size of the pipe decreased. For a given flow rate, therefore, overholding can be minimized by constructing the holding tube of the smallest practical size of pipe.
Future applications of electronic thermography.

Drs. Barton M. Gratt and Edward A. Sickles explain how electronic thermography uses facial heat emissions to paint colorful diagnostic pictures.
Surface modification of 300 series stainless steel by a deuterium plasma

Abstract Samples of 300 series stainless steel (SS) and Mo have been exposed to 300 eV and 20 eV D + 3 ions from a deuterium plasma with fluxes up to 1.7 × 10 17 D · cm −2 s −1 . The exposed surfaces were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Although the highest fluxes produced evidence of erosion, no blisters were seen. The same exposure given to Mo, however, produced extensive blistering. The experimental results are compared with theoretical computations of hydrogen transport in SS and interpreted in the context of a model for hydrogen blistering.
UPDATING THE DOCUMENTARY HISTORY OF THE U. S. CIVIL WAR

Abstract The core of primary source material documenting the U.S. Civil War is undisputedly The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (1880–1901). Despite efforts to compile a comprehensive set of documents that would accurately chronicle more than four years of strife and military strategy, numerous extant battle reports and other important miscellaneous records were not included in the original 128-volume set. Six years into the venture of attempting to collect, authenticate, collate, and publish material omitted from the original publication, Broadfoot Publishing Company recounts the process of expanding the Official Records.
In Vitro Susceptibility of Isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus and Sporothrix schenckii to Amphotericin B

The in vitro susceptibility of 21 isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus and 12 isolates of Sporothrix schenckii to amphotericin B was determined. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the A. fumigatus isolates ranged from 0.14 to 0.6 mug of drug per ml. The mean MIC for the 21 isolates was 0.33 mug per ml. The MIC for the 12 S. schenckii isolates ranged from 0.68 to 2.12 mug of drug per ml, with a mean MIC of 1.38 mug per ml.
DEMONSTRATION IN VITRO OF ANAPHYLACTOID RESPONSE OF THE UTERUS AND ILEUM OF GUINEA PIGS INJECTED WITH TESTIS OR SPERM

Female guinea pigs were injected with the following materials: homogenates of guinea pig testis in saline or in adjuvant; suspensions of washed guinea pig sperm in saline or in adjuvant; homogenates of rabbit testis in adjuvant; guinea pig sperm and rabbit sperm in adjuvant. Control animals were not injected or were injected with adjuvant alone. At various times between 15 and 39 days after injection, the animals were sacrificed. Their ilea and uterine horns were removed and tested in vitro for reaction to washed epididymal sperm of the guinea pig, rabbit, or bull. It was found that the animals which were injected with homologous testis or sperm in adjuvant possessed organs which responded strongly to the challenge with homologous sperm. The response was a contracture which began 10 to 30 seconds after the sperm were injected into the bath and lasted for 5 minutes to 4 hours, the longest period of observation. Responses which lasted for periods of 5 minutes to 30 minutes were obtained with the uteri of the animals injected with guinea pig testis in saline or with guinea pig sperm in saline. Animals which were injected with rabbit testis and adjuvant responded to rabbit sperm, and animals injected with guinea pig sperm and rabbit sperm in adjuvant reacted to both gametes. A large proportion of the control animals possessed organs which reacted weakly to the challenge with homologous sperm. Retesting the organ which had contracted following exposure to sperm indicated that desensitization had occurred. Testing with heterologous sperm indicated a species selectivity. The evidence is interpreted to mean that injections of sperm or testis induce a hypersensitivity which is similar in some respects but differs from true anaphylaxis. The findings are discussed from the point of view of the nature of the response and the implications regarding natural immunity to sperm.
Beneficial use of co-produced water through membrane treatment: technical-economic assessment

Abstract Large amounts of co-produced water are generated during natural gas production. This study investigated the viability and cost effectiveness of ultra-low pressure reverse osmosis (ULPRO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes as potential techniques for beneficial use of produced water by meeting potable and irrigation water quality standards and concentrating iodide in the brine. A 2-stage laboratory-scale membrane testing unit was employed to examine rejection of various constituents of concern at a low and high recovery using produced water generated from sandstone aquifers. The performance of two ULPRO membranes TFC-ULP (Koch) and TMG10 (Toray America) and one NF membrane NF-90 (Dow/Filmtec) was compared to a conventional RO membrane (TFC-HR, Koch). These membranes were pre-selected during previous bench-scale experiments with regard to specific flux, fouling propensity, salts and organics rejection, and iodide recovery efficiency. Of the membranes tested, the NF-90 achieved the highest specific flux. The salt rejection and iodide recovery by the NF-90, however, were much lower than the RO and ULPRO membranes tested. The permeate quality of the NF-90 met USEPA National Primary Drinking Water Standards, but exceeded the Secondary Standards regarding chloride and total dissolved salts. The two ULPRO membranes TMG10 and TFC-ULP, exhibited a higher specific flux as compared to the TFC-HR while displaying a similar rejection, notably the TMG10 which showed a very stable rejection at low and high recoveries. Cost analysis showed that the ULPRO membrane system provided marginally lower overall O&M costs than RO for meeting drinking water standards. The ULPRO membrane operation resulted in even lower treatment cost than RO and NF for meeting irrigation water standards, especially at high energy cost. Findings from these studies indicated that ULPRO membranes can provide a viable and cost-effective solution to beneficial use of produced water from sandstone aquifers.
Reliability of the modified rhyme test for hearing.

The reliability and intercorrelations of selected lists from the clinical version of the Modified Rhyme Test (MRT) were examined using normal-hearing young listeners and older listeners believed to...
Management of the Failing Filtering Bleb

(1991). Management of the Failing Filtering Bleb. Seminars in Ophthalmology: Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 81-86.
Neonatal administration of β-endorphin produces “chronic” insensitivity to thermal stimuli

Abstract Male and female rat pups were injected with β-endorphin, naloxone or a saline control solution during days 2–7 postnatally. At 90 days of age the rats were tested for analgesia with the tail flick test. Testing was conducted during the first 2 hours of the light and the dark cycle. In both sexes and during both phases of the light cycle rats treated with β-endorphin as infants evidenced a significant elevation in threshold for painful thermal stimuli. Early treatment with naloxone also resulted in elevated threshold for thermal stimuli. Administration of naloxone to these rats as adults did not reverse the analgesic effect. It was concluded that early exposure to β-endorphin results in permanent changes in behavior perhaps by altering the interaction of endogenous opiates with their binding sites during a ciritcal period of opiate receptor development.
Environmental manipulation of select algae strains for maximal oil production

Abstract. Consideration for the use of microalgae as a feedstock for commercial biofuels production began in the 1970s. While high production costs and inefficiencies impeded private industry scale up to meet national energy needs, recent energy supply concerns and market instability has revitalized this alternative energy process. A key factor in using microalgae comes from efficiently harvesting algae oils which are chemically similar to fossil fuel oils. Technological advances have been made to genetically engineer microalgae to accumulate oils but these procedures are time consuming and expensive. Others have made progress in using natural processes in the environment to cause algae to produce oils. Considerable research has shown determining the appropriate mix of light, temperature and CO2 can foster oil accumulation in select microalgae strains. Using an experimental design, the freshwater algae, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Ettlia sp. were subjected to various environmental conditions to investigate ...
Antitumor effect of the angiogenesis inhibitor bevacizumab is dependent on susceptibility of tumors to hypoxia-induced apoptosis.

Angiogenesis inhibition has been shown to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. The basis of the contribution of this modality has not been defined fully. To determine the potential role of hypoxia-induced apoptosis, we studied a series of colon cancer cell lines with varying susceptibility to hypoxia. We exposed HT29 and HCT116 colon adenocarcinoma cell lines to sublethal periods of hypoxia three times weekly for 40 exposures, and derived cell lines both more resistant (from HT29) and more sensitive (from HCT116) to hypoxia-induced apoptosis. Both hypoxia-derived cell lines demonstrated more rapid growth than the parental lines when implanted subcutaneously in immunodeficient mice. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with bevacizumab resulted in depletion of tumor microvasculature, upregulation of Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), and increased pimonidazole staining, consistent with an anti-angiogenic effect and induction of hypoxia in tumors derived from all cell lines. The proportion of apoptotic cells was increased in all the treated tumors, and was most pronounced in the bevacizumab-treated HCT116-derived cells. The bevacizumab-treated tumors showed growth delay in HT29 and its derivative, and the parental HCT116. In the hypoxia-sensitive HCT116-derived tumors, marked tumor shrinkage and prolonged growth control occurred. Therefore, bevacizumab treatment is an effective inducer of a hypoxic environment, but the resulting cell kill and tumor shrinkage is determined by the susceptibility of the tumor to apoptosis. The induction of apoptosis by hypoxia may contribute to the benefits of such treatment in the clinical setting.