cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spray deposition of metals over circular CFRP core shafts

It was theoretically shown by the authors in a previous article that by adding a layer of metal on the outside of a carbon fiber-reinforced composite shaft, the bending natural frequencies of the shaft could be increased in some cases due to reduction of the effects of shear deformation by the metal layer. In the present study, composite shafts having a metal casing have been manufactured by spray deposition process over filament wound, fiber reinforced polymeric shafts. The natural frequencies of the spray deposited composite shafts have been measured and found to compare well to theoretically calculated values. The experiments also confirm the shear deformation effect described above. Some manufacturing issues on the spray deposition of metals over carbon fiber-reinforced plastics are addressed.
Electrocardiographic Poor R-Wave Progression: Correlation with Postmortem Findings

Electrocardiographic criteria have been derived from vectorcardiographic and angiographic correlation which allow division of patients with electrocardiographic "poor R-wave progression" or "reversed R-wave progression" into the following four etiologic groups: (1) anterior myocardial infarction; (2) left ventricular hypertrophy; (3) type-C right ventricular hypertrophy; and (4) the normal variant. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of this approach to the electrocardiogram with poor or reversed R-wave progression were studied in a series of 33 patients examined at autopsy. Using the scheme and criteria outlined, 85 percent (11/13) of the pathologic anterior myocardial infarctions were correctly diagnosed. The electrocardiographic criteria correctly identified 75 percent (15) of 20 patients with poor or reversed R-wave progression without postmortem evidence of myocardial infarction, with only 12 percent (2/17) predictive error. The relative risk of autopsy-documented anterior myocardial infarction in patients meeting the specified electrocardiographic criteria was six times that of other patients with poor or reversed R-wave progression.
Invariant efficiency parameter of eddy-current probes for nondestructive testing

A new coefficient is proposed for the evaluation of the efficiency of eddy-current probes. Invariant properties of this coefficient are established. In particular, it is shown that it depends only on the ratio of the sizes of windings and is independent of the working frequency, sizes, and the number of winds of an eddy-current probe. The eddy-current efficiency coefficient can be used in the theory of eddy-current control for the comparative evaluation of the structural efficiency of eddy-current probes and for the development of recommendations for the evaluation of their characteristics.
Fabrication of Terahertz Gradient-index Components via 3D Rapid Prototyping

New advancements in 3D rapid prototyping have allowed us to explore the development of terahertz gradient-index components. We report on our progress with designing and fabricating terahertz computer generated volume hologram gradient-index components.
Urban climate change plans: how holistic?

Urban sustainability issues including climate change mitigation and adaptation, ecological enhancement and livability initiatives have become the rhetorical focus and rationale of many plans and policy documents created by American cities in the last decade. This paper analyses the recent environmentally focused plans for three largest cities of USA to determine how and if their strategies to protect the natural environment engage with the holistic nature of sustainable development strategies promulgated in the literature. Despite the mainstreaming of the sustainability concept, the research shows that these much-lauded and emulated plans largely fail to substantively engage with a fully realised holistic approach, failing to adequately address issues of equitable economic development and environmental justice in their attempts to create a more environmentally sustainable city. The lack of attention paid to such issues suggests not merely that they are perceived as being separate from environmental object...
Direct studies of nuclear movements in schizophyllum commune.

Measurements of nuclear positions in apical cells of homokaryotic mycelia and dikaryotic mycelium of Schizophyllum commune showed that nuclei occupied a near central position in most cases. Forward nuclear movements observed in living hyphal apices occurred at rates within the range of hyphal growth and could account for the maintenance of centrally located nuclei. Opposed nuclear movements followed mitosis and greatly exceeded the rate of hyphal growth. Septum disruption and rapid nuclear movements characterized an AxBmut homokaryon. Neither cytoplasmic streaming nor actively participating granules or filaments could account for any of these nuclear movements.
Time-interval acquisition on a 6502-based microcomputer

A versatile machine language subroutine and accompanying interface circuitry enable a 6502-based computer to collect time intervals between data events that can be represented by voltage transients. Intervals within the range of 150 microsec to 13.98 min can be collected with a resolution of ±25 microsec. Electrical interface circuitry includes signal conditioning and optical isolation and also allows user-specification of threshold levels on the data line. The machine language software timing routine and sequential interval handler include a 24-bit interval timer, a 16-bit interval counter, user-specified number and length of acquisition periods, and an out-of-memory tester. Although presented for implementation on the Apple II series of microcomputers, the transportability of the routine to other 6502-based machines is addressed.
Atomistic Structure for Self-Assembled Monolayers of Alkanethiols on Au(111) Surfaces

Using force fields based on quantum mechanics, we calculate the stable crystal structure for decanethiol dimers on Au(111) surfaces. We find that the optimum structure leads to an X-ray diffraction pattern identical with that recently determined by Eisenberger and co-workers. This confirms the c(4 × 2) cell determined using He and X-ray diffraction, providing the first atomistic structural description of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). The excellent agreement between theory and experiment suggests that theory could be used to predict structures for new SAMs, allowing the design to be carried out in advance of experiment.
The roadrunner project and the importance of energy efficiency on the road to exascale computing

The cost of the energy required to run ultrascale supercomputers is becoming a large portion of the operating budgets of many facilities and it has the potential of limiting the scale of computers that can be deployed. The Roadrunner project was started as a development project aimed at finding a way to scale up applications but at a significantly more efficient energy usage than the current systems. Heterogeneous core types allow single thread performance to remain high while reducing the energy required for a given computation by eliminating the circuits and associated power that are not needed for the computation. This optimizes the energy cost per operation but puts a burden on the software to deal with heterogeneous core types.The Roadrunner system was the first to reach a sustained Petaflop on the Linpack benchmark and it involved some interesting new Hardware but the bulk of the effort was in Software development including programming models and applications. Several applications were ported to the new structure with relatively little difficulty and the expected performance and energy efficiency improvements were attained.This talk will cover an overview of the Roadrunner project, including the fundamental Cell BE building block and the software structure and methods that were included. The success of the energy efficiency improvement has lead to a broader view of the utility of heterogeneous computing in the Computationally Intensive Workload area.
An anisotropic mechanical fatigue damage evolution model for Pb-free solder materials

Abstract Evaluating state of damage in a ductile material as it experiences mechanical fatigue and cyclic loading poses much complexity, and has been the subject of many researches. This study revisits the anisotropic damage model developed by Lemaitre [Lemaitre, J. 1992. A course on damage mechanics. Springer-Verlag Publishing, Berlin] and proposes to use his model combined with two damage models, a micro-mechanics and mechanism-based damage evolution model (Energy Partitioning Damage Evolution (EPDE) [Ladani, L.J., Dasgupta, A., 2008b. A meso-scale damage evolution model for cyclic fatigue of viscoplastic materials. Int. J. Fatigue 2. doi:10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2008.03.013]), and a Unified Creep Plasticity-based (UCP-based) model [ McDowell, D.L., Miller, M.P., Brooks, D.C., 1994. A unified creep plasticity theory for solder alloys. In: Schroeder, S.A., Mitchell, M.R. (Eds.), Fatigue of Electronic Materials, ASTM STP 1153. American Society of Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, pp. 42–59 ] to predict the state of damage. These two models are then examined for pure shear and are applied to Pb-free solder materials. New anisotropic damage model exponents are generated using experimental data for Pb-free solder for both EPDE and UPC-based models. The exponents generated using these anisotropic models are compared with exponents generated previously under the assumption of isotropic and homogenous damage evolution. These two models were verified using a 3-D Finite Element simulation of the test specimen. Load drops produced by EPDE and UCP-based models were compared with the experiments. The same test set up was used formerly (by Zhang [Zhang, Q. 2004. Isothermal Mechanical and Thermo-Mechanical Durability Characterization of Selected Pb-free solders. Ph.D. Dissertation Defense, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park]) to generate the creep and plastic material properties, and E-P damage model constants for Pb-free solders. Therefore, EPDE exponents that were generated in this study show a much closer correlation with the experimental results.
S54-02 Treating of schizophrenia in Malta

Malta is a small country in the middle of the Mediterranean. It is a member of the European Union and has a population of around 400,000. The culture is European, and around 99% of the population is Roman Catholic. There are no studies on the prevalence of schizophrenia in the Maltese population, but it is most likely that it is about 1%. During the last few years, thousands of illegal immigrants from Africa have been arriving in Malta especially during summer. It seems that the prevalence of schizophrenia in this subgroup is more than that in the local population. Studies are needed to study this phenomenon further to see if this is the case, but they are definitely being a big burden on the local psychiatric services. The National Health Service in Malta provides all treatment for schizophrenia free of charge. The pharmacological management of schizophrenia is similar to that of other European countries. Oral atypical antipsychotics are available within the National Health Services, but depot preparations are not yet available. For admissions there is a main Psychiatric Hospital, Mount Carmel Hospital, and two units in two General Hospitals. Community services are in the process of being developed. An NGO association, the Richmond Foundation also provides community and rehabilitation services. The Maltese family is still a relatively strong unit, with a lot of support in times of help being provided by the extended family. Thus in most psychosocial interventions, the family plays a central role.
“You Make Me Erect!”: Queer Girls of Color Negotiating Heteronormative Leadership at an Urban All-Girls' Public School

ABSTRACT This article focuses on the concept of leadership endorsed by an urban all-girls' public school and how heteronormative ideas about female success were resisted by a group of the school's gay students through gender performances and named sexualities. The author argues that queer students are gender projects that the school uses to define and regulate appropriate behavior. Schools should define promoted goals like leadership in context with youth and urges broader consideration of how school employment conditions affect the safety of queer youth and teachers.
Acousto-optic displacement-measuring interferometer: a new heterodyne interferometer with Ångstrom-level periodic error

A concept for a new displacement-measuring interferometer has been developed. The motivation behind this work is minimization of the periodic error caused by unwanted leakage between the two frequencies in commercially available heterodyne systems. Typically, the two frequencies are carried on a single beam and separated by polarization-dependent optics. Imperfect optics, non-ideal laser heads and mechanical misalignment may cause each frequency to be leaked into both the reference and the measurement paths, ideally consisting of a single light frequency. The new polarization-independent interferometer described here uses an acousto-optic modulator as the beam splitter and eliminates the frequency leakage by spatially separating the two light beams. Bench-top experiments have shown a reduction in periodic error to 0.18 nm (1.8 A). The device description, as well as suggestions for simple architecture implementations, are presented.
Rat behaviors during unsignaled avoidance and conditioned suppression training

The behaviors of three rats were observed during unsignaled avoidance, conditioned suppression (CS-US), and CS-alone sessions. Behavioral observations, based on 10 response categories, were made in the initial and final sessions of each training condition. A variety of leverpress behaviors characterized an avoidance-trained subject, for example, lever holding, crawling over the lever, pressing with a back paw. By the end of CS-US training, the lever behaviors which typified avoidance training were reduced during the CS, but a different class of lever response had emerged. Moreover, nonlever behavior was increased, for example, locomotions and postural responses. Finally, the frequency of unavoided shocks in CS was elevated over baseline. When the US was removed, the differences in nonlever behaviors between CS and baseline diminished markedly, and an elevated response rate associated with a reduced shock rate appeared during the CS. When signaled response-independent shock (CS-US) is superimposed on avoidance-maintained behavior (Sidman, 1953), shock avoidance in the CS is improved early in CS-DS training. With additional CS-DS pairings, avoidance during CS declines to match that in non-CS periods and then worsens. That is, many more unavoided shocks are received during CS than in baseline (see review by Hurwitz & Roberts, in press). While changes in the criterion measures (e.g., lever­ pressing, unavoided shocks) have been documented, surprisingly few studies attempt to identify what the subject does during the CS when not engaging in the criterion response. We found only two experiments addressed to this question. Hoffman and Barrett (1971) and Stein, Hoffman, and Stitt (1971) found reductions in food-reinforced responding and other overt activities of pigeons during the CS. A parallel experiment with an avoidance baseline has not been done and was the primary purpose of this experiment. The second purpose arose as we reviewed the litera­ ture relevant to the first: Reports on the behaviors of a subject during free operant avoidance training were not found. An exception would be procedures in which two or more subjects are trained simultaneously (cf., Davis , 1969). That is, as avoidance learning progressed, did behavior become more or less stereotypic, or did one form of stereotype replace an earlier form? The present experiment was undertaken to provide information on the behaviors of rats during avoidance and CS-DS training.
Results of Theodorsen and Garrick Revisited

References 1Norton,W. J., “Limit Cycle Oscillation and Flight Flutter Testing,” Proceedings of the 21st Annual Symposium, Society of Flight Test Engineers, Lancaster, CA, 1990, pp. 3.4-1–3.4–12. 2Cunningham, A. M., Jr., “Practical Problems: Airplanes,” Unsteady Transonic Aerodynamics, AIAA, Washington, DC, 1989, Chap. 3, pp. 83, 84. 3Denegri, C. M., Jr., “Limit Cycle Oscillation Flight Test Results of a Fighter with External Stores,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 37, No. 5, 2000, pp. 761–769. 4Airplane Strength and Rigidity—Vibration, Flutter, and Divergence, MIL-SPEC MIL-A-8870B, 20 May 1987, p. 3. 5Dreyer, C. A., and Shoch, D. L., “F-16 Flutter Testing at EglinAir Force Base,” AIAA Paper 86-9819, April 1986.
Configuring DHCP leases in the smartphone era

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) was introduced nearly 20 years ago as a mechanism for hosts to automatically acquire IP addresses. While the protocol remains the same, its usage has evolved, especially in the last decade with the introduction of mobile devices and wireless local area networks. In this paper we investigate the impact that new types of wireless devices, such as smartphones, have on DHCP. We use two one-month long traces, collected at a corporate and an educational network, and we compare side-by-side DHCP usage patterns. We develop a novel passive fingerprinting technique based on DHCP messages to determine the device type and operating system. We show that DHCP implementations vary among device types and have an effect on DHCP lease durations. To improve network address utilization, without introducing any protocol changes, we propose a new leasing strategy which takes into account device types. This strategy, compared to current approaches, improves the address utilization without considerably increasing DHCP overhead.
CONTACT-INHIBITED REVERTANT CELL LINES ISOLATED FROM SV40-TRANSFORMED CELLS IV. Microfilament Distribution and Cell Shape in Untransformed, Transformed, and Revertant Balb/c 3T3 Cells

A comparison is made of the ultrastructure of the cell periphery in three cloned cell lines: untransformed Balb/c 3T3 cells, SV40-transformed Balb/c 3T3 cells, and revertant cells obtained from the transformed cell line by a selection technique utilizing concanavalin A. Both thin-section and surface replication techniques are used for in situ examination of the cell lines. Microfilaments, 70 A in diameter (called alpha filaments), are abundant in untransformed and revertant cell lines, particularly in the anterior expansions of the cells, which tend to have many microvilli and small pseudopodia. Alpha filaments are diminished in the anterior expansions of transformed cells, which contain large blunt pseudopodia and relatively few microvilli. Surface replicas confirm the impression gained from thin sections that transformed cells have a greater proportion of their cell surface involved in bulging pseudopodia than either untransformed or revertant cells. Since alpha filaments are shown to bind heavy meromyosin and are similar to F-actin, these filaments are thought to be important in cell motility. These observations suggest that a close relationship exists between decreased alpha filaments, bulging pseudopodia, and loss of contact inhibition of movement in transformed cells.
Quantile Regression: An Overview

Linear regression is the standard tool for empirical studies in most of the social sciences. When the relationship between a dependent variable, y, and a set of explanatory variables, X, can be written as \( y = X\beta + u \), a simple ordinary least squares (OLS) regression of y on X can potentially provide unbiased estimates of the parameters, β, and a predicted value, \( \widehat{y} = X\widehat{\beta } \) is the best guess of the value of y given values for X. A glance at any journal in the social sciences quickly reveals the dominance of regression analysis as the tool for empirical analysis.
Beyond SVD: Sparse projections onto exemplar orthonormal bases for compact image representation

We present a new method for compact representation of large image datasets. Our method is based on treating small patches from an image as matrices as opposed to the conventional vectorial representation, and encoding those patches as sparse projections onto a set of exemplar orthonormal bases, which are learned a priori from a training set. The end result is a low-error, highly compact image/patch representation that has significant theoretical merits and compares favorably with existing techniques on experiments involving the compression of ORL and Yale face databases.
Introduction to Applications of Numerical Analysis in Time Domain Computational Electromagnetism

We discuss two techniques for the solution of the time domain Maxwell system. The first is a partial differential equation based approach using conforming finite elements and implicit time stepping that is suitable when stiff problems are encountered, and where the medium is inhomogeneous. In particular we analyze the use of edge elements and certain A-stable schemes using the Fourier-Laplace transform. For a homogeneous medium, an integral equation approach can be used and we describe and analyze the convolution quadrature method applied to the electric field integral equation. In either case we emphasize that the convergence analysis depends on energy estimates for the continuous problem.
Evolution and Expression of Homeologous Loci in Tragopogon miscellus (Asteraceae), a Recent and Reciprocally Formed Allopolyploid

On both recent and ancient time scales, polyploidy (genome doubling) has been a significant evolutionary force in plants. Here, we examined multiple individuals from reciprocally formed populations of Tragopogon miscellus, an allotetraploid that formed repeatedly within the last 80 years from the diploids T. dubius and T. pratensis. Using cDNA–AFLPs followed by genomic and cDNA cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) analyses, we found differences in the evolution and expression of homeologous loci in T. miscellus. Fragment variation within T. miscellus, possibly attributable to reciprocal formation, comprised 0.6% of the cDNA–AFLP bands. Genomic and cDNA CAPS analyses of 10 candidate genes revealed that only one “transcript-derived fragment” (TDF44) showed differential expression of parental homeologs in T. miscellus; the T. pratensis homeolog was preferentially expressed by most polyploids in both populations. Most of the cDNA–AFLP polymorphisms apparently resulted from loss of parental fragments in the polyploids. Importantly, changes at the genomic level have occurred stochastically among individuals within the independently formed populations. Synthetic F1 hybrids between putative diploid progenitors are additive of their parental genomes, suggesting that polyploidization rather than hybridization induces genomic changes in Tragopogon.
Cytoprotection in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) therapy

Planning therapy for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is difficult because of the heterogeneous nature of the disease and varying patient age at presentation. Cytogenetics and patient age at the time of diagnosis are two major factors determining treatment outcome in AML. Patients with poor-risk cytogenetics have much lower complete remission rates than other groups. In addition, AML in patients greater than 55 to 60 years of age often exhibits a resistant phenotype, more akin to secondary AML or AML arising from myelodysplastic syndromes. This group is also characterized by lower complete remission rates, and often requires the delivery of intensive therapy to a patient population that is the least likely to tolerate it. At the Jefferson Health System (Philadelphia, PA), we wished to develop a regimen that was maximally intensive to treat stubborn disease, but gentle enough to be given to all patients regardless of age. Toward this end, 33 patients received a maximal dose of the cytoprotective agent, amifostine, before each infusion of idarubicin in the "7 + 3" regimen, escalating the dose of idarubicin in a phase I fashion to a maximum dose of 24 mg/m2 . The data indicate that the addition of amifostine to "7 + 3" AML induction therapy enables a substantial escalation of the idarubicin dose through the 21-mg/m2 dose level, without a concomitant increase in side effects, thus providing a regimen that is both intensive and applicable to patients of all ages. Currently, phase II studies are ongoing on a national basis to evaluate the efficacy of this regimen.
Deciphering the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in breast cancer biology and pathogenesis

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway mediates multiple cellular functions critical to tumor initiation, progression, and outcomes, including growth and proliferation, metabolism, motility, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, survival, and autophagy. Tight regulation of this pathway is paramount to ensure that multiple cellular inputs are integrated for appropriate cellular outcomes. Frequent deregulation and aberrations of this pathway have been implicated in breast cancer development and progression. This review focuses on the biology of this pathway and its role in breast cancer pathogenesis. The role of therapies directed at targeting mTOR in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which are currently being evaluated in clinical trials, will also be reviewed.
New evidence on the Fed's productivity in providing payments services

Abstract As the dominant provider of payments services, the efficiency with which the Federal Reserve provides such services is an important public policy issue. This paper examines the productivity of Federal Reserve check-processing offices during 1980–1999 using non-parametric estimation methods and newly developed methods for non-parametric inference and hypothesis testing. The results support prior studies that found little initial improvement in the Fed's efficiency with the imposition of pricing for Federal Reserve services in 1982. However, we find that median productivity improved substantially during the 1990s, and the dispersion of productivity across Fed offices declined.
Adenosine Receptor A2A Deficiency in Leukocytes Increases Arterial Neointima Formation in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice

Objective— To use the mice deficient in both adenosine receptor A 2A (A 2A R −/− ) and apolipoprotein E (apoE −/− ) to investigate the role of A 2A R in mediating the interactions of leukocytes with injured arterial walls and the formation of arterial neointima induced by a guide wire. Methods and Results— In apoE −/− mice, A 2A R deficiency increased the size of the arterial neointima in injured carotid arteries by 83%. Arterial neointima formation was also enhanced in chimeric mice that underwent bone marrow transplantation (these mice lacked A 2A R in their bone marrow–derived cells). Epifluorescence intravital microscopy showed that neutrophil rolling and adherence to the injured arterial area were enhanced by 80% and 110% in A 2A R −/− /apoE −/− mice, respectively. This phenomenon occurred even though the protein levels of homing molecules on A 2A R-deficient neutrophils were unchanged from those of wild-type neutrophils. A 2A R-deficient neutrophils exhibited an increase in the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) clustering, and the affinity of b 2 integrins. The inhibition of p38 phosphorylation abrogated the increased PSGL-1 clustering and β 2 integrin affinity, thus reversing the increased homing ability of A 2A R-deficient leukocytes. Conclusion— A 2A R plays a complex role in inflammation and tissue injury. The deficiency of A 2A R enhances the homing ability of leukocytes and increases the formation of the arterial neointima after injury. A 2A R antagonists are being tested for the treatment of neurodegenerative and other chronic diseases. An evaluation of the effect of A 2A R antagonists on arterial restenosis after arterial angioplasty should be conducted.
Enter microcredit: A new culture of women's empowerment in Rajasthan?

Most studies of microcredit programs for women have been concerned with the relationship between borrowers and men outside microcredit groups, such as husbands and moneylenders. In this article, I focus on the relationships forged between women within microcredit groups in a small village in Rajasthan, India. I argue that, rather than representing a new paradigm for women's empowerment, microcredit has become one of several possible platforms from which rural Rajasthani women articulate their concerns about caste, poverty, and the burden of raising daughters. Thus, microcredit is not a foreign economic form that is subsequently culturally inflected, nor does it represent the instrumentalization of culture; rather, microcredit, like other local frameworks such as evil eye, feminist organizing, and personal history, produces cultural possibility. [microcredit, Rajasthan, women's empowerment, capitalocentrism, caste relations]
Active Filter Implementation Using a Generalized Nonactive Power Theory

This paper presents a generalized nonactive power theory, in which the instantaneous currents (active and nonactive) and instantaneous powers (active and nonactive) are defined. This theory is implemented in a parallel nonactive power compensation system. The theory is valid if the system is three-phase or single-phase, sinusoidal or non-sinusoidal, periodic or non-periodic, balanced or unbalanced. Four cases, three-phase balanced RL load, three-phase unbalanced RL load, diode rectifier load, and single-phase RL load are tested in the experiments. A subharmonic load compensation and a non-periodic load compensation are simulated in Matlab. The simulation and experimental results not only verify the validity of the theory, but also show that this theory can perform instantaneous nonactive power compensation with fast dynamic response.
Flt3-ITD alters chemotherapy response in vitro and in vivo in a p53-dependent manner.

Objective The FLT3 internal tandem duplication (Flt3-ITD) confers a worse prognosis for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML); however, the mechanisms involved are unknown. As AML is treated with cytarabine (Ara-C) and an anthracycline, we sought to determine the effects of the Flt3-ITD on response to these agents. Materials and Methods A genetically defined mouse model of AML was used to examine the effects of the Flt3-ITD on response to cytarabine and doxorubicin in vitro and in vivo. Results In vitro, the Flt3-ITD conferred resistance to doxorubicin and doxorubicin plus Ara-C, but sensitivity to Ara-C alone. This resistance was reversible by the Flt3-ITD inhibitor sorafenib. The Flt3-ITD did not affect DNA damage levels after treatment, but was associated with increased levels of p53. The p53 response was critical to the observed changes as the Flt3-ITD had no effect on chemotherapy response in the setting of p53 null AML. In vivo, the Flt3-ITD accelerated engraftment that was partially reversible by Ara-C but not doxorubicin. Additionally, Ara-C provided a significant reduction in disease burden and a survival advantage that was not increased by the addition of doxorubicin. Doxorubicin alone led to only minimal disease reduction and no survival benefit. Conclusions These data demonstrate that the Flt3-ITD confers sensitivity to Ara-C, but resistance to doxorubicin in a manner that depends on p53. Thus, patients with Flt3-ITD positive AML may not benefit from treatment with an anthracycline.
Opportunities for the Mental Health Counselor

Today’s mental health counselor has a wide range of roles and employment opportunities. For example, counselors can be psychotherapists, teachers and trainers, case managers, coaches, consultants, grant writers, coordinators and program developers, marriage and family counselors, evaluation specialists, writers, researchers, and supervisors. Additional roles for counselors continue to evolve.
TRANSACT: A Transactional Framework for Programming Wireless Sensor/Actor Networks

Effectively managing concurrent execution is one of the biggest challenges for future wireless sensor/actor networks (WSANs): for safety reasons concurrency needs to be tamed to prevent unintentional nondeterministic executions, on the other hand, for real-time guarantees concurrency needs to be boosted to achieve timeliness. We propose a transactional, optimistic concurrency control framework for WSANs that enables understanding of a system execution as a single thread of control, while permitting the deployment of actual execution over multiple threads distributed on several nodes. By exploiting the atomicity and broadcast properties of singlehop wireless communication, we provide a lightweight implementation of our transactional framework on the motes platform.
Neuroimaging in Aicardi-Goutières syndrome: Biomarkers for a progressive encephalopathy.

In 1984, 2 pediatric neurologists, Jean Aicardi and Francoise Goutieres, published their seminal case report of 8 patients (from 5 families) with a devastating neonatal encephalopathy characterized by striking cerebral calcifications, white matter hypodensities, visualized on CT, accompanied by a persistent CSF lymphocytosis.1 Notably, the neuroradiologic findings suggested a perinatal toxoplasmosis, other (syphilis, varicella-zoster, parvovirus b19), rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes (TORCH) infection, and these patients often have an elevation of interferon-α in the CSF.2,3 Three decades of highly productive clinical and scientific investigation of Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome (AGS) has led to the discovery of 7 causative genes and the realization that mutation in any of these leads to a genetically mediated autoimmune response to nucleic acid metabolism, analogous to systemic lupus erythematosus, in the developing brain.4
Protein Quality Control and Heat Shock Gene Expression in the Nervous System

Protein damage accumulates in neuronal cells due to oxidative stress, transduction with prion particles with dominant conformations or due to genetic alterations in proteins that lead to formation of insoluble aggregates. Failure to repair such protein damage can lead to the formation of lethal protein aggregates and ultimately cell death All prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells deploy strategies to counteract these changes and avoid the accumulation of protein aggregates. These pathways for protein quality control include: (1) the protein chaperone and refolding systems and (2) targeted proteolysis of the malfolding protein. In mammalian cells, the molecular chaperones heat shock proteins 70 and 90 (HSP70 and 90) appear to play key regulatory roles in protein triage after damage. These molecular chaperones bind to malfolded proteins, deter the aggregation cascade and then target the protein substrates towards either: (1) the pathways of refolding by chaperonin-containing folding structures or (2) can promote ubiquination of its target through mechanisms involving the ubiquitin ligase CHIP and deliver the ubiquinated protein to the proteasome for degradation. Dysregulation of this system occurs during aging and is amplified during a range of degenerative disease states. Failure of this defense system may occur at many levels and decreased expression of proteins that mediate pathways 1 and 2 appears to be involved in aging, particularly of neuronal cells
FDTD Simulation of Photonic Crystal Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

Photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers have potential applications in optical interconnects, extended area coherent sources, and steerable beams. Full three-dimensional FDTD simulations are used to understand the effects of fabrication variances in these devices.
Transfer Technology in the Poultry System

Abstract Our topic for this combined workshop is the transfer of technology in the poultry system. Extension is the educational arm of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Land Grant University (LGU) system and is the traditional mechanism to transfer technology to farmers. Adoption and adaptation of technology, particularly in the areas of nutrition, disease control, and genetics, have propelled the poultry industry from the lowly status of “women's pin money” to a highly concentrated, specialized multibillion dollar industry. The poultry industry thus satisfies society's demand for a wide variety of and dependable supply of safe, inexpensive food that is of consistently high quality.
Malignant supraclavicular lymph node visualization during Tc-99m HDP bone imaging.

Radioactivity in the supraclavicular regions revealed on bone fans may be caused by uptake in malignant lymph nodes. Accumulation of Tc-99m HDP was noted in the right supraclavicular region on bone images of a 53-year-old man with a right lower lobe, poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and extensive mediastinal adenopathy. This uptake correlated with clinically palpable fixed and enlarged lymph nodes and was also shown on computed tomographic scans. Careful correlation of a staging bone scan with the findings of physical examination and other imaging is important to avoid errors in interpretation.
Intermediate Check of Apparatus in County-level CDC Labs

Objective This paper discussed the practice and procedures of intermediate check of apparatus in labs of county level CDCs. Major aspects were interpreted based on practicing conditions. The intermediate check is recommended as the one of the cruxes to insure the testing quality and as the basis of heighten social competition,evading risk of liability,as well as assuring the formation and development of a lab.
Juveniles’ Comprehension of Miranda Warnings

Many courts have addressed the question of juveniles’ abilities to understand the Miranda warnings which preceded their waiver of rights and confession. As we noted in foregoing discussions, almost all courts faced with such matters have held steadfastly to the test which requires examination of the “totality of circumstances” in each case, following Gallegos v. Colorado, 370 U.S. 49 (1962) and People v. Lara, 432 P.2d 202 (1967). Even when a court has based a decision on a juvenile’s specific age, IQ score, or other information, it will usually have been careful to cite reliance on the totality test and to admonish that the specific age or IQ in the instant case should not be applied alone as a test in future cases.
Students’ Perceptions of Faculty Evaluations

The focus of this paper is student-teacher evaluations, which are generally an important input in the determination of a faculty member’s teaching. Findings from this study indicate that the students do appear to know the purpose, do exercise their privilege, but they are not entirely serious in carrying out their re-sonsibility.
Development of Academic Programs in Human Resource Development in the United States

The ProblemAs an applied academic field, human resource development (HRD) grew in response to the need for preparation of employees who were rotated into an HRD role with little or no academic preparation or training. Whatever their prior professional or generalist training, they found they were called on to develop others to improve performance. Professional associations initially filled this gap by offering training and certification, but over time, calls for formal preparation and credentialing led to the development of university-based programs. How did this process unfold for HRD over time? Where are academic programs in HRD now in their dual role—both preparing educators and supporting research to build a body of knowledge for this applied field? At what point does an occupation require an academic credential?The SolutionThe birth of academic programs in HRD coincided with the burgeoning of the field of practice and its increasing pressure to establish itself as a profession with a unique set of com...
In Situ Natural Abundance 17O and 25Mg NMR Investigation of Aqueous Mg(OH)2 Dissolution in the Presence of Supercritical CO2

We report an in situ high-pressure NMR capability that permits natural abundance 17O and 25Mg NMR characterization of dissolved species in aqueous solution and in the presence of supercritical CO2 fluid (scCO2). The dissolution of Mg(OH)2 (brucite) in a multiphase water/scCO2 fluid at 90 atm pressure and 50 °C was studied in situ, with relevance to geological carbon sequestration. 17O NMR spectra allowed identification and distinction of various fluid species including dissolved CO2 in the H2O-rich phase, scCO2, aqueous H2O, and HCO3–. The widely separated spectral peaks for various species can all be observed both dynamically and quantitatively at concentrations as low as 20 mM. Measurement of the concentrations of these individual species also allows an in situ estimate of the hydrogen ion concentration, or pCH+ values, of the reacting solutions. The concentration of Mg2+ can be observed by natural abundance 25Mg NMR at a concentration as low as 10 mM. Quantum chemistry calculations of the NMR chemical ...
Management of gynaecologic plasmacytoma: A review article

In contrast to multiple myeloma (MM) which exhibits diffuse bone marrow and other organ involvement, solitary plasmacytomas carry a favourable prognosis. Extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMP) are a unique form of plasma cell neoplasms. These tumours are rare in the female reproductive tract. Only 24 cases of gynaecologic plasmacytomas were reported to date (7 cases were solitary plasmacytomas and 17 cases were either part of disseminated MM with involvement of a gynaecologic organ or were lacking complete work-up to rule out MM). The standard care of gynaecologic solitary EMP is surgical resection alone when feasible. Adjuvant radiation therapy may be considered for adverse prognostic factors such as positive resection margins. MM with gynaecologic organ involvement should be managed with systemic therapy and defer local therapies to symptomatic progression.
Economic Behavior and the Partisan Perceptual Screen

Partisans report different perceptions from the same set of facts. According to the perceptual screen hypothesis, this difference arises because partisans perceive different realities. An alternative hypothesis is that partisans take even fact-based questions as an opportunity to voice support for their team. In 2009, Gerber and Huber conducted the first behavioral test of the perceptual screen hypothesis outside of the lab. I re-analyze Gerber and HuberÂ’s original data and collect new data from two additional U.S. elections. Gerber and HuberÂ’s finding of a relationship between partisanship and economic behavior does not hold when observations from a single state-year (Texas in 1996) are excluded from their analysis. Out-of-sample replication based on the two U.S. presidential elections since the original study similarly shows no evidence of an effect. Given these results, the balance of evidence tips toward the conclusion that economic perceptions are not filtered through partisanship.
High efficiency quantum cascade laser frequency comb.

An efficient mid-infrared frequency comb source is of great interest to high speed, high resolution spectroscopy and metrology. Here we demonstrate a mid-IR quantum cascade laser frequency comb with a high power output and narrow beatnote linewidth at room temperature. The active region was designed with a strong-coupling between the injector and the upper lasing level for high internal quantum efficiency and a broadband gain. The group velocity dispersion was engineered for efficient, broadband mode-locking via four wave mixing. The comb device exhibits a narrow intermode beatnote linewidth of 50.5 Hz and a maximum wall-plug efficiency of 6.5% covering a spectral coverage of 110 cm-1 at λ ~ 8 μm. The efficiency is improved by a factor of 6 compared with previous demonstrations. The high power efficiency and narrow beatnote linewidth will greatly expand the applications of quantum cascade laser frequency combs including high-precision remote sensing and spectroscopy.
RNA-Seq 2G: Online Analysis Of Differential Gene Expression With Comprehensive Options Of Statistical Methods

RNA-seq has become the most prevalent technology for measuring genome-wide gene expression, but the best practices for processing and analysing RNA-seq data are still an open question. Many statistical methods have been developed to identify genes differentially expressed between sample groups from RNA-seq data. These methods differ by their data distribution assumptions, choice of statistical test, and computational resource requirements. Over 25 methods of differential expression detection were validated and made available through a user-friendly web portal, RNA-seq 2G. All methods are suitable for analysing differential gene expression between two groups of samples. They commonly use a read count matrix derived from RNA-seq data as input and statistically compare groups for each gene. The web portal uses a Shiny app front-end and is hosted by a cloud-based server provided by Amazon Web Service. The comparison of methods showed that the data distribution assumption is the major determinant of differences between methods. Most methods are more likely to find that longer genes are differentially expressed, which substantially impacts downstream gene set-level analysis. Combining results from multiple methods can potentially diminish this bias. RNA-seq 2G makes the analysis of RNA-seq data more accessible and efficient, and is freely available at http://rnaseq2g.awsomics.org.
The Development of Market Relations in Agricultural Land: The Case of Kostroma Oblast

A status report on land property relations in post-Soviet Russia examines progress made toward the development of markets for agricultural land (with emphasis on the situation in Kostroma Oblast). The author surveys the evolution of legislation addressing rural land issues in Russia before focusing on how agricultural land transactions generally are conducted at present, e.g., processes through which land becomes available for sale, the determination of land valuation and taxation upon sale, and registration procedures. The general picture emerging with respect to rural land relations in Russia then is supplemented by a detailed description of a local land market as it operates in Kostroma Oblast (Central Region), pieced together from extensive interviews with local officials, a survey of the local press, and examination of local records and documents. 1 figure, 2 tables, 16 references.
Lack of Cesium Bioaccumulation in Gelatinous Marine Life in the Pacific Northwest Pelagic Food-Web

Bioaccumulation of cesium with increasing trophic position is well known across nearly every ecosystem for most organisms. In the marine environmental, typical (concentration ratios (Bq/kg in tissue: Bq/kg in seawater) range from 50–100 in lower trophic levels to 300–10,000+ for apex predators. Recent surveys of 7 gelatinous organisms off the coast of Oregon ranging in trophic position from 1.0 to 3.0 revealed a concentration ratio maximum of 12.5 and typical concentration ratios no higher than 4.4. The implications on human diets and ecosystem shifts for large radiocesium releases are discussed.