cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Feelings of inferiority: A first attempt to define the construct empirically

Inferiority feelings have been linked theoretically to substance use; however, an empirical definition of the construct is lacking in research. The purpose of this study was to examine the adequacy in defining inferiority feelings using the empirically established constructs of self-esteem, general self-efficacy (GSE), abstinence self-efficacy (ASE), and shame using a sample of 210 undergraduate college students. Results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the overall model provided good fit for the data; however, self-esteem and shame loaded more strongly on the latent construct than did GSE and ASE. The results provide preliminary evidence for using these constructs to define inferiority feelings; however, future research is necessary to examine alternate constructs that may define inferiority feelings in other populations.
An Investigation on the User's Willingness to Pay on Hedonic Social Network Sites.

In the current study, we investigated the effects of several factors on the user’s willingness to pay (WTP) on hedonic social network sites (HSNSs), which includes WTP for HSNSs and WTP online contacts on HSNSs. Integrating the hedonic system use perspective with the social capital based view, we find that a user’s WTP for HSNSs is significantly positively influenced by the user’s perceived value of online social connections and perceived ease of use of the system. A user’s WTP online contacts on HSNSs is significantly positively influenced by the user’s perceived value of online social connections and perceived playfulness. The findings provide a theoretical foundation for the future economic value research of HSNSs, and provide several implications to practitioners.
X-ray diffraction study of orientation in the Chattanooga shale

An x-ray-diffraction technique was used to obtained a quantitative measure of the degree of orientation of the (001) planes of 10 A illite and mica flakes in fifty-eight samples from a drill core taken from the Chattanooga shale. Thin sections cut perpendicuiar to the bedding are placed on the x-ray spectrometer in such a position that, upon rotation of the section in its own plane, the geiger counter records all diffraction from mica flakes with (001) perpendicular to the plane of the section. Analysis of the resulting curve, using the Chi-square statistic divided by the area under the curve, gives an "orientation index" for each specimen wrdch is reproducible and independent of the amount of 10 A material present. An evaluation of the data with respect to the uranium content of the samples shows that there is no significant correlation between the concentration of the element and this particular measure of the texture of the rock. This supports other evidence which indicates that the uranium was precipitated during deposition of the sediment and that the distribution of uranium has not been affected by movement of solutions during or following compaction. The technique is applicable to the study of lattice orientationmore » of any suificiently fine-grained minerai tn natural or synthetic substances. (auth)« less
Numerical Integration of the Nonlinear Dynamics of Elastoplastic Solids

Classical numerical schemes for the numerical integration of the equations of solid and structural dynamics in time show serious limitations when applied to the finite deformation range. These includes the classical Newmark and HHT type schemes. The unconditional stability property of some of these schemes is lost in the nonlinear range, with the simulations showing an unbounded growth of energy. Furthermore, the law of conservation of angular momentum is, in general, not inherited by the schemes in this nonlinear range either. To handle these difficulties, the formulation of the so-called energymomentum schemes has received a great deal of attention lately. As illustrated in [1], these difficulties are also present in the physically dissipative problem of finite strain plasticity. The schemes do not lead to dissipative discrete dynamical systems.
Lysine requirement of finishing pigs administered porcine somatotropin by sustained-release implant.

To alleviate the need for daily injection of porcine somatotropin (pST), a sustained-release implant (pSTSR) was devised that continuously delivers a daily dose of 2 mg of pST for 42 d. Ninety-six white composite (Large White x Landrace) finishing barrows (83.6 ± 1.2 kg BW) were assigned to receive zero or two pSTSR implants (4 mg pST/d) and to consume one of six diets differing in total Lys concentration (0.29, 0.52, 0.75, 0.98, 1.21, or 1.44%, as-fed basis). Diets were formulated to be isocaloric and based on the ideal protein concept. Pigs were housed individually, allowed ad libitum access to feed and water, and slaughtered at 112 kg of BW. The pSTSR affected neither ADG (P = 0.88) nor 10th rib LM area (LMA; P = 0.51), but it decreased (P < 0.01) ADFI, average backfat thickness, 10th rib fat depth, weights of leaf fat and ham fat, improved (P < 0.05) G:F, and increased (P < 0.01) weights of four trimmed lean cuts (T-cuts), and percentages of ham lean and bone. Increasing total Lys increased ADG (quadratic; P < 0.05) and ADFI (linear; P < 0.01). The G:F, plasma urea N concentrations (PUN), and T-cuts were affected by the interaction pSTSR x dietary Lys (P < 0.01). Without pSTSR, the G:F did not differ (P = 0.37) among pigs fed 0.52% and greater total Lys. With pSTSR, the G:F was less (P < 0.05) for pigs fed 0.52% than 0.98 and 1.44% total Lys. Increases in dietary total Lys resulted in increased PUN (P < 0.01), and incremental increases were less in pSTSR-implanted pigs. Maximal yield of T-cuts was at 0.98% dietary total Lys in nonimplanted pigs and 1.21% total Lys in pSTSR-implanted pigs. Estimates of total Lys requirements of pigs without and with pSTSR, respectively, were 0.52 and 0.86% for growth (ADG and G:F) and 0.73 and 0.88% for lean production (LMA and T-cuts). Equivalent apparent ileal digestible Lys requirements of pigs without and with pSTSR, respectively, were 0.44 and 0.68% for growth, and 0.62 and 0.75% for lean production. With ADFI of 3.5 kg daily, an intake of approximately 26.1 g of total daily Lys (0.75%) or 22.4 g of apparent ileal digestible Lys is needed to maximize lean production in finishing barrows receiving 4 mg pST/d via sustained-release implant.
Knapsack Used in Factoring

Suppose we are given l integers x 1, x 2,..., x l, in the range from - l 1.5 to + l 1.5. These integers may be thought of as being random and uniformly distributed in their range.
Hybrid ground-source heat pump systems for cooling-dominated applications: Experimental and numerical case-study of cooling for cellular tower shelters

Abstract Techno-economic performance of hybrid ground-source (geothermal) heat pump systems for cooling-dominated applications has been investigated. An experimental hybrid ground-source heat pump system, providing an average cooling load of 11 kWth for a cellular tower shelter in Varna, New York, United States (“Varna Site”), was commissioned in 2014 and has been extensively monitored. An air-economizer and dry-fluid cooler provide supplemental heat rejection and limit thermal imbalance in the subsurface. Measurements and analysis showed that over its first two years of operation, the average total system coefficient of performance was 4.8. Various hybrid and non-hybrid ground-source and air-source heat pump configurations have been studied using TRNSYS, calibrated with data measured at the Varna Site. Simulations indicate that for the Varna Site weather and operational conditions, ground-source heat pump-based systems allow the owner to save up to 30% of lifetime electricity consumption in comparison with air-source heat pump-based systems. However, air-source heat pump-based systems can have up to 10% lower total cost of ownership, mainly because of lower upfront capital costs. In the base-case scenario, the hybrid configuration of ground-source heat pump with air-economizer has the lowest lifetime energy consumption of 222 MWhe; the hybrid configuration of air-source heat pump with air-economizer has the lowest lifetime total cost of ownership of $54,000.
Mercury-in-rubber (whitney) strain gauge

Mercury-in-rubber strain gauges are used in plethysmography for determining changes in the volume of various parts of the body from changes in their girth. Temperature also affects the output of the gauge, but a temperature compensating element is required only infrequently. Error resulting from the change in resistance due to the change in temperature of the gauge becomes negligible if the gauge is allowed to reach thermal equilibrium with the skin or organ surface before measurement. When there are simultaneous rapid changes in skin temperature, ambient temperature, and blood flow, use of temperature compensated gauges improves accuracy of measurements. The accompanying equations and nomograms simplify design of temperature compensating networks from easily obtainable materials, e.g., copper, constantan, nichrome, and nickel.
Exercise Testing After Pediatric Heart Transplantation

Heart transplantation is an established therapy in children with end-stage heart failure. Ninety percent of pediatric heart transplant recipients have congenital heart disease or cardiomyopathy as the underlying disease. Exercise performance in the early posttransplant period is affected by factors that precede transplant, such as malnutrition and deconditioning from heart failure, as well as associated medical conditions (e.g., neuromuscular disease). Improvement in exercise performance in the months following transplant may be aided by referral to a formal rehabilitation program. Performance on long-term follow-up remains subnormal due to transplant-specific factors such as cardiac autonomic denervation with resulting chronotropic incompetence and persistent left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Exercise testing with stress echocardiography has potential utility in noninvasive surveillance for posttransplant coronary artery disease.
Productivity, Rents, and the Salaries of Group of Five Football Coaches:

Standard labor market theory says that workers are paid their marginal revenue product (MRP). However, firm revenue is sometimes independent of the productivity of individual workers. This often oc...
Graphical implementation of Huffman and arithmetic coders

One of the most important developments in the last decade is the availability of Internet access and World Wide Web to the public. The amount of data traffic over the Internet has been increasing daily as new web sites are introduced and more people join the cyberspace. To reduce the traffic and increase the throughput, effective data compression schemes are needed.
Guiding the design space for nanotechnology to advance sustainable crop production.

The globally recognized need to advance more sustainable agriculture and food systems has motivated the emergence of transdisciplinary solutions, which include methodologies that utilize the properties of materials at the nanoscale to address extensive and inefficient resource use. Despite the promising prospects of these nanoscale materials, the potential for large-scale applications directly to the environment and to crops necessitates precautionary measures to avoid unintended consequences. Further, the effects of using engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in agricultural practices cascade throughout their life cycle and include effects from upstream-embodied resources and emissions from ENM production as well as their potential downstream environmental implications. Building on decades-long research in ENM synthesis, biological and environmental interactions, fate, transport and transformation, there is the opportunity to inform the sustainable design of nano-enabled agrochemicals. Here we perform a screening-level analysis that considers the system-wide benefits and costs for opportunities in which ENMs can advance the sustainability of crop-based agriculture. These include their on-farm use as (1) soil amendments to offset nitrogen fertilizer inputs, (2) seed coatings to increase germination rates and (3) foliar sprays to enhance yields. In each analysis, the nano-enabled alternatives are compared against the current practice on the basis of performance and embodied energy. In addition to identifying the ENM compositions and application approaches with the greatest potential to sustainably advance crop production, we present a holistic, prospective, systems-based approach that promotes emerging alternatives that have net performance and environmental benefits. A screening-level analysis that considers system-wide benefits and costs is used to identify opportunities where engineered nanomaterials can advance the sustainability of crop-based agriculture.
First and second-type self-similar solutions of implosions and explosions containing ultra-relativistic shocks

We derive self similar solutions for ultra-relativistic shock waves propagating into cold material of powerlaw density profile in radius rho ~ r^-k. We treat both implosions and explosions in three geometries: planar, cylindrical and spherical. For spherical explosions these are the first type solutions of Blandford and McKee for k 5-sqrt(3/4). In addition we find new, hollow (with evacuated interior), first type solutions that may be applicable for 4<k<17/4. This ``sequence'' with increasing k of first type solutions, hollow first type solutions, and then second type solutions is reminiscent of the non-relativistic sequence. However, while in the non relativistic case there is a range of k which corresponds to a ``gap'' - a range in $k$ with neither first nor second type solutions which separates the hollow first type solutions and the second type solutions, here there is an ``overlap'': a range of k for which current considerations allow for both hollow first and second type solutions. Further understanding is needed to determine which of the two solutions apply in this overlap regime. We provide similar exploration for the other geometries and for imploding configurations. Interestingly, we find a gap for imploding spherical shocks and exploding planar shocks and an overlap for imploding planar solutions. Cylindrical configurations have no hollow solutions and exhibit direct transition from first type to second type solutions, without a gap or an overlap region.
Structure Engineering and Structure-Property Study of TiNb2O7 Nanofibers As Anode for Safer Lithium Ion Batteries

Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have been the dominant energy storage technology for a wide range of applications including portable electronic, electrical vehicles, and grid-scale energy storage. Recently with safety and performance in mind, TiNb2O7 (TNO) has been studied as a promising anode material. It offers a theoretical capacity of 387.6 mA h g-1, which is comparable to that of graphite (372 mA h g-1) and two times that of Li4Ti5O12 (175 mA h g-1). TNO also exhibits an operational voltage larger than 1.0 V (vs Li+/Li0), which helps to avoid formation of dendritic lithium and ensure safe operation. TNO with various morphology and size has been studied intensely since its discovery by Goodenough et. al. in 2011 including mesoporous microspheres, solid or porous nanoparticles, and solid or hollow 1D fibers. However, no comprehensive study which studies the structure-property-aspect of TNO has been completed. Here, we are trying to prepare TNO with various morphology, size, and porosity as well as to study the correlation of TNO properties with electrochemical performance. Electrospinning technology is used to synthesize target materials, which are formulated from using poly(lactic acid) as a carrier polymer in various solvents (dimethylformamide, acetone, and dichloromethane) and adding titanium and niobium precursors. Parameters that affect the morphology of spun fibers are concentration, flow rate, applied voltage, collector plate distance, viscosity, and surface tension. Those parameters, especially solution chemistry, are carefully tuned to control the resulting fiber morphology and other properties. For example, solid, hollow, and porous (surface porous, inner porous, or highly porous) TNO fibers can be obtained by careful solvent selection as solvents have been proven to strongly affect evaporation and phase separation processes. All prepared TNO are further tested as anode materials in lithium ion battery and the property-performance correlation is carefully analyzed.
Sameness in diversity: food and globalization in modern America: by Laresh Jayasanker, Oakland, University of California Press, 2020, 288 pp., ISBN 978-0-5203-4396-2

Sameness in Diversity is the final work from Laresh Jayasanker (1972–2018), who was Associate Professor of History at Metropolitan State University of Denver. Jayasanker had numerous publications t...
Waitlist Outcomes in Status 1A versus Status 1-3 Heart Transplant Candidates before and after the UNOS Allocation Policy Change

Purpose The UNOS heart allocation policy changed on October 18, 2018 as an effort to improve waitlist and post-transplant outcomes. Early studies of the allocation change have indicated similar or worse post-transplant survival. However, there is limited data on waitlist outcomes. Therefore, we sought to compare waitlist outcomes in patients awaiting heart transplantation listed as status 1A pre-policy change versus status 1-3 post-policy change. Methods We identified patients in the UNOS registry that were listed for heart transplantation during the period October 18, 2017 to October 17, 2019, 12 months before and after the allocation policy change (N = 2343). These patients were then divided into those waitlisted status 1A prior to the policy change (PRE, N = 979) and those waitlisted status 1-3 after the policy change (POST, N = 1364). Baseline characteristics and hemodynamics were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-Square test. Competing outcomes analysis was performed to compare (1) death or deterioration, (2) heart transplantation or recovery, or (3) continuation on waitlist at 6 months from time of listing. Results We identified 979 PRE and 1364 POST patients for our analysis. At 6 months, POST patients exhibited decreased cumulative incidence of waitlist death or deterioration at six months compared to PRE patients (6.96% vs 9.70%, p=0.0164). In addition, POST patients showed a higher cumulative incidence of heart transplantation or recovery (81.38% vs 66.7%, p Conclusion Following the UNOS heart allocation policy change, waitlist outcomes at 6 months demonstrated a higher cumulative incidence of heart transplantation or recovery and a lower cumulative incidence of death or deterioration in patients listed status 1-3. Longer term follow-up is necessary to determine if these outcomes remain robust.
Large-scale functional brain networks of maladaptive childhood aggression identified by connectome-based predictive modeling.

Disruptions in frontoparietal networks supporting emotion regulation have been long implicated in maladaptive childhood aggression. However, the association of connectivity between large-scale functional networks with aggressive behavior has not been tested. The present study examined whether the functional organization of the connectome predicts severity of aggression in children. This cross-sectional study included a transdiagnostic sample of 100 children with aggressive behavior (27 females) and 29 healthy controls without aggression or psychiatric disorders (13 females). Severity of aggression was indexed by the total score on the parent-rated Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire. During fMRI, participants completed a face emotion perception task of fearful and calm faces. Connectome-based predictive modeling with internal cross-validation was conducted to identify brain networks that predicted aggression severity. The replication and generalizability of the aggression predictive model was then tested in an independent sample of children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Connectivity predictive of aggression was identified within and between networks implicated in cognitive control (medial-frontal, frontoparietal), social functioning (default mode, salience), and emotion processing (subcortical, sensorimotor) (r = 0.31, RMSE = 9.05, p = 0.005). Out-of-sample replication (p < 0.002) and generalization (p = 0.007) of findings predicting aggression from the functional connectome was demonstrated in an independent sample of children from the ABCD study (n = 1791; n = 1701). Individual differences in large-scale functional networks contribute to variability in maladaptive aggression in children with psychiatric disorders. Linking these individual differences in the connectome to variation in behavioral phenotypes will advance identification of neural biomarkers of maladaptive childhood aggression to inform targeted treatments.
Away Rotations, Interviews, and Rank Lists: Radiation Oncology Residency Applicant Perspectives on the 2020 Match Process

Abstract Purpose Using 2020 match applicants, the purpose of this study was to identify baseline applicant perspectives on the match process surveying (1) away rotations, (2) interview/postinterview communications, and (3) factors influencing applicant rank order lists. Methods and Materials Applicants in the 2020 match cycle at a large radiation oncology (RO) residency program received a questionnaire covering demographics and the match process: away rotations, interview/postinterview communications, and ranking. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with completing fewer away rotations. Results Of 141 surveys sent, 76 were completed, for a response rate of 54%. Most applicants were White, male, and matched into RO. One in 3 applicants did not have a home RO program. Most applicants completed 2 RO rotations (ie, a home rotation and an additional away rotation; range, 0-4 total rotations); RO rotations influenced the applicant rank order lists and the ultimate match result for 94% and 79% of applicants, respectively. Forty-seven percent of applicants reported being asked inappropriate questions during the interview (eg, parental or marital status). Applicants did not perceive a consistent message regarding postinterview communications from program directors. Most applicants were contacted postinterview. Interviews cost most applicants more than $5000. Thirty-seven percent of respondents reported submitting a letter of interest after the interview, hoping to improve their rank. When applying to programs, general reputation and location were the most common influential factors mentioned. When ranking programs, informal conversations with residents and program culture observations were the most common influential factors mentioned. Based on multivariable analysis, applicants who completed fewer RO rotations (including away rotations) had greater odds of matching to their home program (odds ratio [OR], 12.05; 95% CI, 1.27-206.69), lower odds of program location influencing where to apply (OR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.003-0.37), and lower odds of the program's general reputation affecting their rank list (OR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.001-0.47). Conclusions The results suggest that medical students perceive away rotations as an important influencer of their match process. Although applicants and program directors both participate in postinterview communications, interactions with residents influence rank order lists. These data may serve as an up-to-date baseline to evaluate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the RO match process.
The first 90: Progress in HIV detection in Zhejiang Province, 2008–2018

To analyze the results of HIV screening and the HIV-positive rate based on different HIV detection strategies in Zhejiang Province, China. Data were downloaded from the AIDS Prevention and Control Information System on May 1, 2019. HIV screening, prevalence, and incidence data were analyzed from 2008 to 2018. The incidence of HIV was calculated from the results of BED testing. SPSS software (ver. 19.0) was used for the analysis. The number of people screened for HIV increased by 229.7% from 2008 to 2018, while the incidence of HIV increased from 1.14‱ (2010) to 1.67‱ (2018), peak by 2015 (2.28‱). The proportion of people screened for HIV in medical institutions increased from 62.0% in 2008 to 67.1% in 2018, while of all positive tests, 47.9% were conducted at medical institutions in 2008, which increased to 63.2% in 2018. VCT and STD clinic attendees, who had only 4.5% of all those undergoing HIV tests, accounted for 23.7% of all HIV positive in 2018. The rate of HIV-positive people and incidence of HIV both increased in Zhejiang Province between 2008 and 2015. The most effective strategy for detecting HIV new cases is screening visitors to VCT and STD clinics.
Gαq signals via Trio RhoGEF to modulate synaptic transmission in a model serotonin motor circuit in C. elegans

Activated Gαq signals through Phospholipase-Cβ (PLCβ) and Trio, a Rho GTPase exchange factor (RhoGEF), but how these two effector pathways promote synaptic transmission remains poorly understood. We used the egg-laying behavior circuit of C. elegans to determine whether PLCβ and Trio mediate serotonin and Gαq signaling through independent or related biochemical pathways. Using genetic rescue experiments, we find that PLCβ functions in neurons while Trio functions in both neurons and the postsynaptic vulval muscles. While Gαq, PLCβ, and Trio RhoGEF mutants all fail to lay eggs in response to serotonin, optogenetic stimulation of the serotonin releasing HSN command neurons restores egg laying only in PLCβ mutants. Vulval muscle Ca2+ activity remained in PLCβ mutants but was eliminated in strong Gαq and Trio RhoGEF mutants. Exogenous treatment with Phorbol esters that mimic Diacylglycerol (DAG), a product of PIP2 hydrolysis, rescued egg-laying circuit activity and behavior defects of Gαq signaling mutants, suggesting both Phospholipase C and Rho signaling promote synaptic transmission and egg-laying via DAG production. DAG has been proposed to activate effectors including UNC-13, however, we find that phorbol esters, but not serotonin, stimulate egg laying in unc-13 mutants. Together, these results show that serotonin signaling through Gαq and PLCβ modulates UNC-13 activity to promote neurotransmitter release. Serotonin also signals through Gαq, Trio RhoGEF, and an unidentified PMA-responsive effector to promote postsynaptic muscle excitability. Thus, the same neuromodulator serotonin can signal in distinct cells and effector pathways to activate a motor behavior circuit.
A structural performance-based environmental impact assessment framework for natural hazard loads

Abstract The decision-making process of planning a sustainable and resilient community may often encounter the availability of different building design alternatives that can make use of different structural solutions, which inevitably translate into different environmental impacts and structural performances to natural hazards. To reveal the trade-offs among different design alternatives and effectively support decision-making, the differences in environmental and structural performance must be simultaneously accounted so that the environmental benefits provided by an eco-friendlier alternative do not jeopardize resilience in the form of natural-hazard structural performance. The objective of this study is to take the first step in creating a multidisciplinary framework that combines PBD and LCA to enable the direct comparison of the structural performance-based environmental impacts of different building alternatives. Using a developed performance normalization index, the framework normalizes the structural performance of the building alternatives investigated to enable a direct quantitative comparison of their environmental impacts. The framework can help decision makers select the most suitable building alternative for balanced structural performance to natural hazard loads and environmental impacts. For demonstration purposes, the framework is applied to compare two seven-story building alternatives made from cross laminated timber and reinforced concrete materials in a tsunami-prone region. The results of the case study indicated that the normalized environmental impacts of the RC building were lower than the CLT building for most limit states considered, which may not have been evident without the proposed framework.
“Feminists really are crazy”: The Isu Station incident and the creation of an androcentric, misogynistic community on YouTube

Controversy followed news of an altercation in a Seoul bar between a group of women and men; this was later dubbed the “Isu Station incident.” Cellphone video complicated the women’s account, provi...
Hybrid Jacketing for Rapid Repair of Seismically Damaged Reinforced Concrete Columns

This study proposes hybrid jacketing for rapid repair of seismically damaged concrete columns for bridge safety. The hybrid jacketing for a reinforced concrete (RC) column is composed of a thin cold-formed steel sheet wrapped around the column and its outside prestressing strands. Although the prestressing strands can prevent buckling of the confining steel sheet, the steel sheet can in turn prevent the prestressing strands from cutting into the concrete. The hybrid jacketing concept was validated with testing of a large-scale RC column with lap splice deficiency typical of pre-1970 bridge constructions in the Central United States. Results from the original and repaired columns were compared for hysteresis loops, strength, stiffness, ductility, and energy dissipation. The hybrid jacketing proved to be effective in restoring structural behavior of the damaged column to prevent bridge collapse. Such a cost-effective solution can be implemented at bridge sites in hours. Design equations to establish the lat...
Throwing and Kicking Ability of 8-Year-Old Boys and Girls

Abstract Two hundred 8-year-old subjects were placed into two groups, each containing 50 boys and 50 girls. Both groups participated in their regular physical education program throughout the entire 36 weeks of the study. The fall training group engaged in a training program for throwing and kicking for distance during the first 9 weeks of the study. The spring training group engaged in the same training program during the last 9 weeks. The findings indicate that throwing and kicking training programs, in addition to regular physical education programs, do not result in greater improvements in throwing and kicking ability than do regular physical education programs; and that in throwing and in kicking ability 8-year-old boys are superior to 8-year-old girls (P = .01).
Providing efficient virtual cooperation services for large scale networks

Providing virtual cooperation services is highly required by applications such as, the voice and video conferencing, gaming, simulation, and virtual reality in the Internet. In this paper, we study an effective infrastructure providing virtual cooperation services in large scale networks. In particular: 1) we adopt the overlay-based infrastructure, where control agents construct an effective control overlay to coordinate endpoint users; 2) we study the static network partition and control agent deployment problems by designing effective algorithms to achieve the overall service load balance for control agents; 3) we study a distributed cooperation protocol to adapt endpoint user dynamics. We conduct extensive performance evaluations on different schemes and algorithms and our performance results demonstrate the feasibility of our approach for the large system.
Net Present Value

Net present value is explained. Keywords: internal rate of return; present value; cash flow
Potentiometric methods for determination of autoprotolysis constants of amphiprotic non-aqueous solvents: Part IV. The standard least squares treatment of the data—titration of a weak protolyte with another weak protolyte

Abstract A method for determination of autoprotolysis constants of amphiprotic solvents is proposed, based on the potentiometric titration of a weak protolyte with another weak protolyte. The method is applied in two alternative ways: procedure I is used when one of the p K -values is smaller than 3–3.5 (in this case a single titration is performed); procedure II includes two reverse titrations, as only data before neutralization of both titrations are treated. The computer data treatment for both procedure is based on the standard least-squares method after linearizing the equation of the titration curve. No preliminary information concerning the acid-base constants is required as these constants are obtained as a coproduct of the autoprotolysis constant calculation. The method cannot be, applied if the p K -value of one of the protolytes is>6. The method is chekced in water and methanol. The autoprotolysis constants and the acid-base constants obtained are in good agreement with some reported data.
Towards self-managing large scale information systems

Information systems and the IT infrastructure that is used to support them are becoming too complex to design, maintain, and evolve using traditional approaches. To realize the visions of ubiquitous and adaptive computing, the responsibility for the management of the complexity must be shifted from the designers and operators of the systems, to the systems themselves. Current work in this area goes in the direction of creating systems that are capable of reacting without human intervention to the new requirements and to the changes in the operating environments. In this talk we will review several examples of technologies that bring us closer to achieving this goal. First, we will review the model of policy-based network management, using as examples automatic network configuration and policy-based network security enforcement. We will show how security objectives, formulated using high-level specifications can be automatically translated into appropriate network settings. The network can be then continuously monitored to detect violations, and appropriate adjustments can be made, as needed to enforce the security policies. In the second part of the talk, we will discuss information exploitation applications developed as communities of collaborating software agents. We will review agent communication standards, including communication languages and agent conversation templates. We will also discuss various methods of creating agent communities, both facilitated, based on brokering/matchmaking, and self-organizing, based on market concepts. We will illustrate this with examples drawn from the InfoSleuth agent system.
Transmitting k samples over the Gaussian channel: Energy-distortion tradeoff

We investigate the minimum transmitted energy required to reproduce k source samples with a given fidelity after transmission over a memoryless Gaussian channel. In particular, we analyze the reduction in transmitted energy that accrues thanks to the availability of noiseless feedback. Allowing a nonvanishing excess distortion probability ∈ boosts the asymptotic fundamental limit by a factor of 1−∈, with or without feedback. If feedback is available, achieving guaranteed distortion with finite average energy is possible.
Light fermion mass generation in dynamical symmetry breaking

We reconsider the question of mass generation for fermions coupled to a set of gauge bosons when the latter get their masses through the Goldstone bosons originating in a simple (i.e. not extended) technicolor sector. The fermion global chiral symmetries are broken by including four-fermion interactions. We find that the system can be nonperturbatively unstable under fermion mass fluctuations driving the formation of an effective coupling between the technigoldstone bosons and the ordinary fermions. Minimization of an effective action for the corresponding composite operators describes then dynamical generation of light fermion masses of order M exp(-k/g^2), where M is some cutoff mass.
Adjuvant Tamoxifen: Predictors of Use, Side Effects, and Discontinuation in Older Women

PURPOSE: To identify predictors of adjuvant tamoxifen use, side effects, and discontinuation in older women. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We followed a cohort of 303 women ≥ 55 years of age diagnosed with stage I or stage II breast cancer for nearly 3 years. Data were collected from women’s surgical records and from computer-assisted telephone interviews at 5, 21, and 33 months after primary tumor therapy. RESULTS: Two hundred ninety-two (96%) of 303 patients in the study provided information about tamoxifen use. Tamoxifen use was reported by 189 patients (65%); 26 (15%) discontinued use during the follow-up period. Patients who were 65 to 74 years of age (relative to those 55 to 64 years of age), had stage II disease, were estrogen receptor–positive, saw a greater number of breast cancer physicians, and had better perceptions of their abilities to discuss treatment options with physicians had greater odds of tamoxifen use. Those who had better physical function, had received standard primary tumor therapy, and ...
Anticoagulant and Antithrombotic Actions of AVE5026, an Enriched Anti-Xa Hemisynthetic Ultra-Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin

Introduction:AVE5026 represents a new generation of ultra-low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) with high anti-Xa and low anti-IIa activities (anti Xa–IIa ratio >30). In addition, AVE5026 exhibits a relatively higher proportion of AT components.Materials and Methods:The anticoagulant, antiplatelet, antithrombotic, and bleeding effects of AVE5026 in comparison to other heparins were investigated in this study.Results:AVE5026 demonstrated weak effects in the global clotting assays; however, in the amidolytic anti-Xa assay, AVE5026 produced strong inhibitory effects. AVE5026 showed no cross-reactivity with the heparin-induced thrombocytopenia antibodies in the platelet aggregation system. AVE5026 produced a dose-dependent antithrombotic response after intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) administration in thrombosis models. The relative bleeding effects of AVE5026 in a rat tail bleeding and rabbit blood loss model were negligible after both IV and SC administration.Conclusions:This superior safety efficacy i...
Variables influencing the occurrence of naming errors: Implications for models of lexical retrieval☆

Abstract Stage models of language production (e.g., Garrett, 1975 , Psychology of Learning and Motivation, Vol. 9 . New York: Academic Press; Levelt, 1983, Cognition , 14 , 41–104) maintain that lexical retrieval occurs in two independent stages: retrieval of semantic and syntactic information and retrieval of phonological form. Interactive activation production models (e.g., Dell, 1986 , Psychological Review , 93 , 283–321), on the other hand, assume that the processes involved in the retrieval of semantic and phonological information are nonindependent, and that these two factors interact with syntactic and frequency variables to influence lexical retrieval. Predictions of each model regarding the relative influence of semantic and phonological variables on lexical retrieval were tested in an analysis of laboratory-induced naming errors. In Experiment 1, color- and shape-naming errors were elicited in a paradigm introduced by Levelt (op. cit,) in an attempt to replicate his findings, which supported an independent levels model of lexical retrieval. The results were consistent with Levelt's findings that substitution errors are influenced by semantic similarity, but not by phonological similarity. Also consistent with Levelt's results, no frequency effect was obtained for color errors. Frequency effects were obtained for shape-naming errors, but this effect may have been confounded by semantic and phonological similarity of two low frequency shape targets. In Experiment 2, the same paradigm was used to elicit errors, but stimuli were pictures of objects rather than colored shapes. The composition of the picture patterns was controlled to provide subjects with opportunities to make errors reflecting both individual and interactive influences of semantic and phonological information. The combined effects of semantic and phonological similarity were demonstrated to be interactive and not additive, indicating that semantic and phonological processes do not operate independently on lexical retrieval. These results, which were most consistent with an interactive model of lexical retrieval, were replicated with a different set of materials in Experiment 3.
On the position measurement of automated guided vehicles using pseudorandom encoding

The authors discuss the application of pseudorandom encoding to the absolute position measurement of automated guided vehicles (AGVs). The proposed measurement technique allows AGVs to recover their absolute position at any point on the guide-path. Besides the obvious guide-path, this method requires two additional 1-bit wide tracks, one for the pseudorandom code and the other for synchronization. An original scanning method was developed, solving the problem of the code-reading ambiguities and at the same time doubling the position-measuring resolution. Experimental results on the application of the proposed technique are presented. >
Scalable Detection of Spatiotemporal Encounters in Historical Movement Data

The widespread adoption of location-aware devices is resulting in the generation of large amounts of spatiotemporal movement data, collected and stored in digital repositories. This forms a fertile ground for domain experts and scientists to analyze such historical data and discover interesting movement behavioral patterns. Experts in many domains, such as transportation, logistics and retail, are interested in detecting and understanding movement patterns and behavior of objects in relation to each other. Their insights can point to optimization potential and reveal deviations from planned behavior. In this paper, we focus on the detection of the encounter patterns as one possible type in movement behavior. These patterns refer to objects being close to one another in terms of space and time. We define scalability as a core requirement when dealing with historical movement data, in order to allow the domain expert to set parameters of the encounter detection algorithm. Our approach leverages a designated data structure and requires only a single pass over chronological data, thus resulting in highly scalable and fast technique to detect encounters. Consequently, users are able to explore their data by interactively specifying the spatial and temporal windows that define encounters. We evaluate our proposed method as a function of its input parameters and data size. We instantiate the proposed method on urban public transportation data, where we found a large number of encounters. We show that single encounters emerge into higher level patterns that are of particular interest and value to the domain. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design of a smart material electro-hydraulic actuator with improved frequency bandwidth

Smart material electro-hydraulic actuators utilize fluid rectification by one-way valves to convert the small, high-frequency, high-force motions of smart materials such as piezoelectrics and magnetostrictives into useful motions of a hydraulic cylinder. These actuators have potential to replace centralized hydraulic pumps and lines with lightweight, compact, power-by-wire systems. This paper presents the design and testing of an improved actuator system. To increase the frequency bandwidth of operation, a lumped-parameter model is developed and validated based on experimental study of a pump with a performance capacity of 18.4 W. The critical parameters for pump performance are identified and their effect on pump performance assessed. The geometry of the hydraulic manifold that integrates the smart material pump and the output hydraulic cylinder is found to be critical for determining the effective system bandwidth.
Pain management of older adults after discharge from outpatient surgery.

Abstract Older adults manage their pain at home after outpatient surgery. Yet the experience and management of postoperative pain outside the hospital is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine older adults' experiences of postoperative pain and their methods of pain management after discharge from outpatient surgery. A telephone-based interview of 93 older adults (ages 60-84) showed that pain intensity reached a level of 5 (0 to 10 scale) for 66% of participants on the first morning and for 42% on the third evening after discharge. Pain interfered with activities for almost one-fourth of the participants. Reasons for high pain intensity scores included improper and inadequate dosage of pain medication. More than half of the participants chose to take only one pain tablet at a time and 66% waited until their pain intensity reached a rating of 5 or above before taking their analgesic medication. The participants who took pain medications at higher levels of pain intensity reported taking larger amounts of medication but receiving less pain relief. This finding substantiates the idea that it takes a larger dose of pain medication to decrease severe pain. Pain management instructions did not make a difference in the way pain was managed. Overall, findings indicate that older postoperative patients are not adequately medicating themselves for pain after discharge. Furthermore, when participants were asked, “From this list of nonpharmacologic activities, which activities helped relieve pain?” the most frequently selected answer was “to stay still or not move.” This finding requires further investigation to determine if older adults are using immobility as a way to control their pain. © 2002 by the American Society of Pain Management Nurses
Semantic Deficits in Spanish–English Bilingual Children With Language Impairment

Purpose To examine the nature and extent of semantic deficits in bilingual children with language impairment (LI). Method Thirty-seven Spanish–English bilingual children with LI (ranging from age 7...
A phase II trial of FUdR in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer

This phase II study was conducted to assess the efficacy of fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) in patients with metastatic, advanced pancreatic cancer who had no previous chemotherapy. Twenty patients were enrolled in this single institution trial. The primary endpoint of this study was the assessment of overall survivorship. The secondary endpoints were to estimate the time to tumor progression and the assessment of toxicity in this cohort of patients. Treatment consisted of FUdR 150 mg/kg dissolved in 500 cc normal saline intravenous infusion over 24 h. Eight weeks of treatment constituted one course of chemotherapy. Tumor measurements were conducted at 8-weekly intervals. Four patients achieved partial response and 16 patients had stable disease. Median survival of patients treated with FUdR was 11.6 months with a range of 3–16 months. Median progression-free survival was 6 months. Overall, chemotherapy was well tolerated with low incidence of grade 3 or 4 toxicity. Systemic chemotherapy with high dose FUdR administered on a weekly schedule has led to encouraging survival outcomes and improved quality of life as compared to previous phase II single agent chemotherapeutic trials.
Asian megacity characteristics, problems, and policies.

"Using ten Asian megacities as examples, this article discusses a range of megacity characteristics and problems, including population growth, economic structure, spatial strategies, land policy, urban service provision, institutional development, and managerial problems. In spite of major progress in urban service delivery, ineffective land policies and inadequate cost-recovery systems remain serious obstacles. Megacities need and are promoting policentric spatial structures, but implementation lags in many cases. Institutional reforms are needed to cope with the metropolitan region character of megacity growth."