cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric forcing drives recruitment variation in the Dungeness crab (Cancer magister), revisited

For 12 yr (1997–2001, 2006–2012) daily abundance of Cancer magister megalopae was measured in Coos Bay, Oregon. Before 2007 from 2000 to 80 000 megalopae were caught annually. In 2007, catch jumped and has since varied from 164 000 to 2.3 million. The step change in catch size appears related to a shift to negative Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) values. Late season catches, which cannot be due to local spawning, are negatively correlated to the PDO, suggesting that these megalopae derive from north of the California Current. During periods of lower and higher catches, annual returns of megalopae were significantly negatively correlated to the day of the year of the spring transition and positively correlated to the amount of upwelling during the settlement season. The size of the Oregon commercial catch lagged 4 yr to allow for growth of recruits into the fishery is set by the number of returning megalopae; the relationship is parabolic. At lower returns, the population is recruitment limited, but at higher returns, density-dependent effects predominate and set the commercial catch. Lagged commercial catches in Washington and Northern and Central California were also related to the number of megalopae returning to Coos Bay, suggesting that the forces causing variation in larval success are coast wide. If high return rates are due to a PDO regime shift, then for years to decades the commercial catch may be set by density-dependent effects following settlement and the huge numbers of returning megalopae may impact benthic community structure.
Home range and activity patterns of lake trout in central Colorado

Abstract Mean displacement rates (net linear displacement between samples/time interval between samples) of 22 lake trout ( Salvelinus namaycush ) externally tagged with ultrasonic transmitters in two connected high mountain lakes in central Colorado ranged from 1.1 m/min in fall to 1.6 m/min in summer. Mean daily displacement rates were significantly higher between 08.30 and 11.30 h than between 22.80 and 05.00 h during spring, summer and fall. Displacement rates of individual fish were highly variable, ranging from 0 to 28 m/min. Home ranges of lake trout were larger during spring, summer and fall (mean area 199.0, 161.8, 172.6 ha, respectively) than during winter (61.9 ha). There was no apparent relationship between fish size and home range size. Tagged fish utilized 11 to 40% of the suitable habitat during different seasons.
How Big a Problem Is Genetics Exceptionalism in Employment

The third of three commentaries on “A Defense of Genetic Discrimination,” from the July-August 2013 issue.
A valence generalized three-component light scattering theory for surfactant solutions containing added electrolyte

Abstract The general fluctuation theory of light scattering by multicomponent systems is applied to a solution of surfactant and added salt. In contrast to earlier treatments, which are restricted to solutions containing univalent ions, the present theory embraces polyvalent surfactant, co-, and counter ions. Working equations for the calculation of micellar aggregation number and micellar charge are developed.
Identification of inhibitory components toxic toward zymomonas mobilis CP4(pZB5) xylose fermentation

Zymomonas mobilis CP4(pZB5) is a recombinant bacterium that can produce ethanol from both xylose and glucose. The ethanol-producing efficiency of this organism is substantially impeded by toxic substances present in pretreated hydrolyzates or solid biomass substrates. Acetic acid and furfural (a pentose degradation product) are highly toxic to this organism at levels envisioned for a pretreated-hardwood liquid hydrolyzate. In addition, lignin degradation products and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (a hexose degradation product) have a moderately toxic effect on the organism. Of the compounds studied, organic acids and aldehydes were found to be more inhibitory than lignin acids or the one alkaloid studied. Acetone:water and methanol extracts of solid biomass samples from red oak, white oak, and yellow poplar are toxic toZymomonas cell growth and ethanol production, with the extracts from white oak being the most toxic.
Efficient processor management schemes for mesh-connected multicomputers

Abstract This paper investigates various processor management techniques for improving the performance of mesh-connected multicomputers. Unlike almost all prior work where the focus was on improving the submesh recognition ability of the processor allocation algorithms, this research examines other alternatives to improve system performance beyond what is achievable with usually assumed first come first served (FCFS) scheduling and any allocation. First, we use the smallest job first (SJF) policy to improve the spatial parallelism in a mesh. Next, we introduce a generic processor management scheme called multitasking and multiprogramming (M 2 ). Then, an M 2 policy for mesh-connected multicomputers called virtual mesh (VM) is proposed and analyzed. The proposed VM scheme allows multiprogramming of jobs on several VMs. Finally, a novel approach called limit allocation is used for job allocation. With this scheme, a job (submesh) size is reduced if the job cannot be allocated. The objective here is to reduce the job waiting time and hence improve the overall performance. While all of the three approaches are viable alternatives to reduce the average job response time under various workloads, the VM and the limit allocation techniques are especially attractive for providing some additional features. The VM scheme brings in the concept of time-sharing execution for better efficiency and limit allocation shows how job size restriction can be beneficial for performance and fault-tolerance in a mesh topology. Moreover, the limit allocation scheme using even the simplest allocation policy can outperform any other approach.
Impact of Health Insurance Status on Vaccination Coverage Among Adult Populations

Introduction Underinsurance is a barrier to vaccination among children. Information on vaccination among adults aged ≥18 years by insurance status is limited. This study assesses vaccination coverage among adults aged ≥18 years in the U.S. in 2012 by health insurance status and access to care characteristics. Methods The 2012 National Health Interview Survey data were analyzed in 2014 to estimate vaccination coverage among adults aged ≥18 years by health insurance status for seven routinely recommended vaccines. Results Influenza vaccination coverage among adults aged ≥18 years without or with health insurance was 14.4% versus 44.3%, respectively; pneumococcal vaccination coverage among adults aged 18–64 years with high-risk conditions was 9.8% versus 23.0%; tetanus and diphtheria toxoid (Td) coverage (age ≥18 years) was 53.2% versus 64.5%; tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) coverage (age ≥18 years) was 8.4% versus 15.7%; hepatitis A (HepA) coverage (age 18–49 years) was 16.6% versus 19.8%; hepatitis B (HepB) coverage (age 18–49 years) was 27.5% versus 38.0%; shingles coverage (age ≥60 years) was 6.1% versus 20.8%; and human papillomavirus (HPV) coverage (women aged 18–26 years) was 20.9% versus 39.8%. In addition, vaccination coverage differed by insurance type, whether respondents had a regular physician, and number of physician contacts. Conclusions Overall, vaccination coverage among adults aged ≥18 years is lower among uninsured populations. Implementation of effective strategies is needed to help improve vaccination coverage among adults aged ≥18 years, especially those without health insurance.
Synthesis of [Gln4]-neurotensin using a new solid support, the 4-(hydroxymethyl)phenylacetamidomethyl-resin

Abstract For biomedical studies, [Gln4]-neurotensin, which appears to be the naturally occurring form of neurotensin, was synthesized using a recently designed new resin for the Merrifield solid-phase synthesis of peptides, 4-(hydroxymethyl)phenylacetamidomethyl resin (PAM-resin). This synthesis was compared to the synthesis of [Gln4]-neurotensin by the use of oxymethyl-copoly-(styrene-divinylbenzene) as the solid support. The PAM-resin was superior, since the yield of [Gln4]-neurotensin was doubled and fewer purification steps were necessary.
Surface energy-loss function for the inelastic scattering of electrons from a metal substrate with an overlayer of adsorbed alkali-metal atoms.

We investigate the spectrum of elementary excitations of the conduction electrons associated with an overlayer of sodium atoms adsorbed on a metal surface. We compute the surface energy-loss function for the small-angle backscattering of electrons as function of coverage (up to two full monolayers of sodium atoms are considered). The ground-state problem is dealt with by using Lang's uniform-background model of alkali-metal-atom--metal-surface chemisorption. The dynamical response of the electron gas is treated in the random-phase approximation. Previous theoretical work has, for the most part, assumed that an overlayer of atomic thickness responds as bulk matter. Our microscopic calculation reveals that for one-monolayer coverage the overlayer's response in fact deviates significantly from bulklike behavior. For two-monolayer coverage the response is bulklike, with a prominent collective (plasmon) mode. The quantum-mechanical nature of the overlayer response is displayed in detail. A case is made for the need that an angle-resolved electron-energy-loss experiment be performed, using an s-p-bonded metal, such as aluminum, as the substrate (instead of a transition metal).
Salt-sensitive hypertension: lessons from animal models.

Abstract The underlying etiology of salt-sensitive hypertension has been elusive, in part because the term represents a syndrome rather than a specific disease entity and in part because of the difficulty in completely defining the characteristics of the syndrome. The introduction of inbred models of salt-sensitive hypertension has facilitated understanding blood pressure response to dietary salt. Careful examination of one of these models, the Dahl/ Rapp rat, has shown that the L-arginine:nitric acid (NO) pathway is integrally involved in production of hypertension in response to an increase in dietary salt. This review provides an overview of NO, salt sensitivity, and the role of NO in the pathogenesis of salt-sensitive hypertension.
Ruthless Compassion Reflections on the Treatment of an Alcoholic

Although addiction helps control overwhelming instinctual affective states, it also rises out of the premature need to take responsibility for one’s own existence that results from a deficiency in ...
Mechanical properties behavior of neutron irradiated 12Ni-5Cr-3Mo maraging steel plate and companion weld metal

Charpy-V notch ductility and tensile properties changes in neutron irradiated 12Ni5Cr3Mo maraging steel have been evaluated following low (<250°F) and elevated temperature (550 to 740°F) exposure. The study was performed with 1-in, thick plate material (six heats) aged at 900°F for 2 and 20 hr to nominal yield strengths of 160 and 180 ksi respectively. Long term thermal stability of both heat treatment conditions was investigated for the conditions of irradiation. The <250°F and 550°F irradiation performance of matching (12-5-3) and mismatching (17Ni2Co3Mo) TIG weld deposits maraged to 180 ksi yield strength was also assessed in this study. General properties changes of the 12-5-3 maraging steel plate and companion weld metals were found to be rather small with <250°F exposures, indicating good resistance to neutron-induced embrittlement. However, a marked deterioration of notch ductility properties with long term exposure at elevated was revealed and traced to a non-nuclear thermal instability. The observed instability instability is believed to be a continuation of aging processes at temperatures well below the initial maraging temperature. Extended time-at-temperature treatments indicate that service above 550°F may produce sufficient properties changes for failure by low energy tear. Aging treatments of 1900 to 3300 hours duration increased the yield and tensile strengths of the 12-5-3 alloy by as much as 52.0 and 53.3 ksi respectively while not altering appreciably percent elongation and reduction of area values.
Predicting the energetics of osmolyte-induced protein folding/unfolding

A primary thermodynamic goal in protein biochemistry is to attain predictive understanding of the detailed energetic changes that are responsible for folding/unfolding. Through use of recently determined free energies of side-chain and backbone transfer from water to osmolytes and Tanford's transfer model, we demonstrate that the long-sought goal of predicting solvent-dependent cooperative protein folding/unfolding free-energy changes (m values) can be achieved. Moreover, the approach permits dissection of the folding/unfolding free-energy changes into individual contributions from the peptide backbone and residue side chains.
Responding to Pfiesteria piscicida (the Fish Killer) Phantomatic Ontologies, Indeterminacy, and Responsibility in Toxic Microbiology

Based on an analysis of an ongoing scientific-political controversy over the toxicity of a fish-killing microorganism, this paper explores the relationship between responsibility and nonhuman contributions to agency in experimental practices. Research into the insidious effects of the dinoflagellates Pfiesteria piscicida (the fish killer) that thrive in waters over-enriched with nutrients, has received considerable attention by both the media and government agencies concerned with public and environmental health. After nearly two decades of research, the question of whether Pfiesteria can be regarded the 'causative agent' of massive fish kills in the estuaries of the US mid-Atlantic could not be scientifically settled. In contrast to policymakers, who attribute the absence of a scientific consensus to gaps in scientific knowledge and uncertainties regarding the identity and behavior of the potentially toxic dinoflagellates, I propose that an inseparable entanglement of Pfiesteria's identities and their toxic activities challenges conventional notions of causality that seek to establish a connection between independent events in linear time. Building on Karen Barad's framework of agential realism, I argue for a move from epistemological uncertainties to ontological indeterminacies that follow from Pfiesteria's contributions to agency, as the condition for responsible and objective science. In tracking discrepant experimental enactments of Pfiesteria that have been mobilized as evidence for and against their toxicity, I investigate how criteria for what counts as evidence get built into the experimental apparatuses and suggest that the joint possibilities of causality and responsibility vary with the temporalities of the objects enacted. This discussion seeks to highlight a thorough entanglement of epistemic/ontological concerns with the ecological/political relevance of particular experiments. Finally, I introduce a new kind of scientific object that--borrowing from Derrida--I call phantomatic. Phantoms don't emerge as such, but appear as traces and are associated with specific matters of concern.
Using the fractal dimension (FD) to discriminate between targets and clutter

Radar data from a Doppler beam sharpened (DBS) mode and a high range resolution (HRR) mode are analyzed to determine if the fractal dimension (FD) can be used to discriminate between targets, clutter and target-like clutter. The FD for a test case is computed and it is found that the FD is higher for the target than the clutter in both DBS and HRR. It is also found that the target-like clutter has an FD which is the same as that for clutter. On the basis of this analysis, the FD will discriminate between a target and clutter even when the clutter appears like a target. >
Contextual effects of built and social environments of urban neighborhoods on exercise: a multilevel study in Chicago.

Abstract Purpose Examine the contextual effects of neighborhood built and social environments on exercise. Design Cross-sectional, multilevel study. Setting City of Chicago. Subjects A probability sample of Chicago adult residents (response rate = 55%). Measures The exercise measures were based on two questions: “How often a week on average do you work out or exercise?” (N = 3530) and, “Did you exercise regularly in the last year?” (N = 907). Neighborhood social environment was measured by socioeconomic and social capital indicators. Neighborhood built environment was captured by pedestrian injury rate, residential density, distance to subway or parks, land use mix, and access to neighborhood amenities. Analysis Random effects logit and multinomial models. Results For weekly workout/exercise, individuals with access to restaurants and bars were more likely to report one to three times of weekly exercise (OR = 1.08; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.19) and four times or more weekly exercise (OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1....
A Framework for Real-Time Service-Oriented Architecture

Service-oriented architectures (SOA), thoughwidely accepted in a variety of industries, must be enhancedto support real-time activities in order to gain evengreater adoption.We present RT-Llama, a novel architecturefor real-time SOA to support predictability in businessprocesses. Based on a user-specified process and deadline,our architecture, containing global resource managementand business process composition components, can reserveresources in advance for each service in the process toensure it meets its end-to-end deadline. This is facilitatedby also creating a real-time enterprise middleware thatmanages utilization of local resources by using efficient datastructures and handles service requests via reserved CPUbandwidth. We demonstrate that RT-Llama’s reservationcomponents are both efficient and adaptable to dynamicreal-time environments.
Unbalanced production systems with floats: analysis and lean design

Unbalanced production systems often operate in the regimes, where the departments with lower throughput operate overtime to prevent starvation of those with higher throughput. The work-in-process, built-up during the overtime, is referred to as the ‘float.’ In this paper, we study such a system consisting of two departments obeying the Bernoulli reliability model. Specifically, we provide a method for performance analysis and offer a technique to calculate the smallest, i.e., lean, float capacity necessary and sufficient to obtain the system throughput equal to that of the best department. Four design approaches are considered, and it is shown that the ones based on transient analysis ensure superior performances.
A voice processing and control module for cable telephony applications

An IF-baseband multi-chip module, fabricated in 3.3V 0.35/spl mu/m mixed-signal and 1.8V 0.18 /spl mu/m digital CMOS provides OQPSK demodulation with carrier recovery, memory and control, voice-companding codecs, and SLIC interfaces (SIs) for a CATV telephony distribution system. The die area of the mixed-signal IC is 84.9mm/sup 2/ and 15.2mm/sup 2/ for the digital IC. The power dissipation is 660mW.
Changes in Atmospheric Circulation and Ocean Ice Cover over the North Atlantic During the Last 41,000 Years

High-resolution, continuous multivariate chemical records from a central Greenland ice core provide a sensitive measure of climate change and chemical composition of the atmosphere over the last 41,000 years. These chemical series reveal a record of change in the relative size and intensity of the circulation system that transported air masses to Greenland [defined here as the polar circulation index (PCI)] and in the extent of ocean ice cover. Massive iceberg discharge events previously defined from the marine record are correlated with notable expansions of ocean ice cover and increases in PCI. During stadials without discharge events, ocean ice cover appears to reach some common maximum level. The massive aerosol loadings and dramatic variations in ocean ice cover documented in ice cores should be included in climate modeling.
Dissent Behavior and the Social Background of Supreme Court Justices

A judge is a black-robed homo sapiens. As such he is subject to 1~ the same general forces that condition and influence other men and their behavior. That is, judges, like other men, are born, develop, mature, and become socialized. Since all human behavior can be conceptualized as non-spontaneous responses to internal and external stimuli mediated by the properties of some relevant system or systems, there is no theoretical bar to conceptualizing the behavior of the judge in the same fashion.' In this paper our general focus is on dissent behavior.2 Specifically, the paper represents an exploration of dissent tendencies among Supreme Court justices and of some of the factors that may be associated with such tendencies. The significance of the tendency, or predisposition, to dissent as
The Effect of Diet on the Human Gut Microbiome: A Metagenomic Analysis in Humanized Gnotobiotic Mice

Diet and nutritional status are among the most important modifiable determinants of human health. The nutritional value of food is influenced in part by a person's gut microbial community (microbiota) and its component genes (microbiome). Unraveling the interrelations among diet, the structure and operations of the gut microbiota, and nutrient and energy harvest is confounded by variations in human environmental exposures, microbial ecology, and genotype. To help overcome these problems, we created a well-defined, representative animal model of the human gut ecosystem by transplanting fresh or frozen adult human fecal microbial communities into germ-free C57BL/6J mice. Culture-independent metagenomic analysis of the temporal, spatial, and intergenerational patterns of bacterial colonization showed that these humanized mice were stably and heritably colonized and reproduced much of the bacterial diversity of the donor's microbiota. Switching from a low-fat, plant polysaccharide-rich diet to a high-fat, high-sugar "Western" diet shifted the structure of the microbiota within a single day, changed the representation of metabolic pathways in the microbiome, and altered microbiome gene expression. Reciprocal transplants involving various combinations of donor and recipient diets revealed that colonization history influences the initial structure of the microbial community but that these effects can be rapidly altered by diet. Humanized mice fed the Western diet have increased adiposity; this trait is transmissible via microbiota transplantation. Humanized gnotobiotic mice will be useful for conducting proof-of-principle "clinical trials" that test the effects of environmental and genetic factors on the gut microbiota and host physiology. Nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences are deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers GQ491120 to GQ493997.
A Light-Based Feedback Control System for Generating User-Defined Intracelullar Signaling Dynamics

As we enter the era of systems biology, in which we are trying to unravel how complex biological systems function, we are in dire need of methods to apply quantitative inputs at specific signaling nodes. We recently developed an approach to spatially and temporally control signaling in mammalian cells with light. Here, we report a method for applying custom signaling inputs using feedback control of this optogenetic protein-protein interaction (PhyB and PIF). With our approach, time-varying inputs, which have been applied extracellularly to dissect sensory signaling cascades, can now be applied to intracellular signals. Titratable control at multiple signaling nodes can be used to “walk down” a pathway to identify sources of ultrasensitivity or points of feedback connection. Finally, our technique can be used to disconnect feedback circuits without changing the architecture of signaling networks by clamping light-gated inputs against cellular changes in activity. Our approach will enable a new generation of precision perturbative experiments that could revolutionize our understanding of biological systems.
Listeria-Infected Myeloid Dendritic Cells Produce IFN-β, Priming T Cell Activation

The intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes infects dendritic cells (DC) and other APCs and induces potent cell-mediated protective immunity. However, heat-killed bacteria fail to do so. This study explored whether DC differentially respond to live and killed Listeria and how this affects T cell activation. To control for bacterial number, a replication-deficient strain, Lmdd, defective in D-alanine biosynthesis, was used. We found that DC internalize both live and heat-killed Lmdd and similarly up-regulate the expression of costimulatory molecules, a necessary step for T cell activation. However, only live Lmdd-infected DC stimulate T cells to express the early activation marker CD69 and enhance T cell activation upon TCR engagement. Infection with live, but not heat-killed, Lmdd induces myeloid DC to secrete copious amounts of IFN-beta, which requires bacterial cytosolic invasion. Exposure to high concentrations of IFN-beta sensitizes naive T cells for Ag-dependent activation.
Limited scleroderma with pauci-immune glomerulonephritis in the presence of renal cell carcinoma.

Connective tissue disorders increase the risk of malignancy; conversely, they may manifest as rheumatological paraneoplastic syndromes due to an underlying malignancy. We describe the case of a patient with limited scleroderma whose rapid disease progression coincided with the discovery of a renal tumor. A woman, age 75 years, presented with a 3-month history of progressive difficulty grasping objects, unsteadiness, dyspnea, xerostomia, xerophthalmia, and significant weight loss. She had a 10-year history of gastroesophageal reflux and Raynaud’s phenomenon. Pertinent physical examination findings included facial telangiectasias, bibasilar inspiratory rales, sclerodactyly, and absent pinprick and vibratory sensation in her toes. She also had swelling and tenderness in several metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints and in both ankles. A renal mass was demonstrated on abdominal computed tomography. A left partial nephrectomy was performed, confirming an unclassified type of renal cell carcinoma, along with a focal proliferative crescentic pauci-immune glomerulonephritis. Medical therapy with rituximab, pulse methylprednisolone, and prednisone led to improvement in her symptoms. The patient’s presentation is consistent with a rapid progression of pre-existing limited scleroderma with the development of new rheumatological symptoms, including vasculitis. We propose that this progression was secondary to paraneoplastic stimulation by the renal cell carcinoma. Clinicians should consider looking for a malignancy in patients with connective tissue disorders who present with a myriad of new symptoms.
The Provision of Diabetes-Monitoring Exams to Older Latinos

Objectives: To explore factors associated with the provision of diabetes-monitoring practices among older Latinos with type 2 diabetes. Method: Data from 547 Latinos (≥55 years) were analyzed from the 2007 California Health Interview Survey. Multivariate logistic regression modeled the relationship between health status and sociodemographic factors and the receipt of semiannual HbA1c tests, annual foot exams, and annual retinal exams. Results: The majority of older Latino diabetics received foot exams (87%) and retinal exams (77%), but the provision of semiannual HbA1c tests (30%) was low. Higher English-language proficiency and health insurance coverage were associated with the provision of HbA1c tests and foot exams, but not retinal exams. Insulin therapy was positively associated with semiannual HbA1c testing, but negatively associated with foot exams. Discussion: There are considerable missed opportunities in the provision of diabetes monitoring for older Latinos, particularly those with limited Engli...
The embryo toxicity of hydrosalpinx fluid is only apparent at high concentrations: an in vitro model that simulates in vivo events

Abstract Objective: To simulate the in vivo model in studying the effect of hydrosalpinx fluid on embryonic development. Design: Controlled prospective study. Setting: Academic research center. Patient(s): Five hundred eighty-seven two-cell murine embryos. Intervention(s): Embryos were grown under two sets of conditions. Half were cultured using 10% fetal calf serum in RPMI medium in varying concentrations of hydrosalpinx fluid (0, 1%, 10%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). To more closely mimic the in vivo environment, the other half were grown in an endometrial coculture system with the same media and hydrosalpinx fluid concentrations. Main Outcome Measure(s): Embryonic development. Result(s): For each stage of embryogenesis, diminished development was noted with increasing concentrations of hydrosalpinx fluid. In the group of embryos grown without endometrial coculture, only at a minimum concentration of 50% hydrosalpinx fluid was diminished development noted for the blastocyst, hatching, and outgrowth stages. When an endometrial coculture system was used, development was not inhibited until exposure to a minimum of 75% hydrosalpinx fluid. Embryogenesis was enhanced when an endometrial coculture system was used for each concentration of hydrosalpinx fluid. Conclusion(s): When a model is used that more accurately mimics the in vivo conditions of IVF-ET in a patient with hydrosalpinges, it appears that high concentrations of hydrosalpinx fluid are required to significantly impede embryogenesis. The endometrium appears to help detoxify hydrosalpinx fluid.
Cautious greedy strategy for bearing-based active localization: Experiments and theoretical analysis

We study the problem of minimizing the time to accurately localize a target using radio-based telemetry. The directional nature of the antenna allows us to obtain bearing-to-target sensor measurements. There are two critical attributes that separate our setup from the majority of bearing-only tracking literature: sensing ambiguity and long measurement time. We provide a sensing strategy which mitigates the effect of ambiguity, and prove that the time required to localize a target is less than a constant times that of any bearing-based localization strategy which uses an Extended Kalman Filter.
A random walk proof of the Erdős-Taylor conjecture

For the simple random walk in ]]> \mathbb{Z}^2$ we study those points which are visited an unusually large number of times, and provide a new proof of the Erdős-Taylor Conjecture describing the number of visits to the most visited point.
Sharing work in keyword search over databases

An important means of allowing non-expert end-users to pose ad hoc queries whether over single databases or data integration systems is through keyword search. Given a set of keywords, the query processor finds matches across different tuples and tables. It computes and executes a set of relational sub-queries whose results are combined to produce the k highest ranking answers. Work on keyword search primarily focuses on single-database, single-query settings: each query is answered in isolation, despite possible overlap between queries posed by different users or at different times; and the number of relevant tables is assumed to be small, meaning that sub-queries can be processed without using cost-based methods to combine work. As we apply keyword search to support ad hoc data integration queries over scientific or other databases on the Web, we must reuse and combine computation. In this paper, we propose an architecture that continuously receives sets of ranked keyword queries, and seeks to reuse work across these queries. We extend multiple query optimization and continuous query techniques, and develop a new query plan scheduling module we call the ATC (based on its analogy to an air traffic controller). The ATC manages the flow of tuples among a multitude of pipelined operators, minimizing the work needed to return the top-k answers for all queries. We also develop techniques to manage the sharing and reuse of state as queries complete and input data streams are exhausted. We show the effectiveness of our techniques in handling queries over real and synthetic data sets.
Criminal Victimization and Comorbid Substance Use and Psychiatric Disorders in the United States: Results from the NESARC

Purpose Criminal victimization produces enormous personal and societal costs, yet few investigations have systematically examined substance use and psychiatric disorders of crime victims. Our objectives were to (i) examine the prevalence and patterns of criminal victimization in the United States and (ii) their associations with specific substance use disorders, prevalent psychiatric conditions, and violent and nonviolent antisocial behaviors in controlled multivariate analyses. Methods Data were derived from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a nationally representative sample of US residents 18 years of age and older (N = 43,093). Interviews conducted between 2001 and 2002 included measures of past-year criminal victimization and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, IV mood, anxiety, substance use, and personality disorders. Results More than 1-in-25 adults in the United States (4.1%) reported past-year criminal victimization. Respondents who reported lower levels of income, lived in urban areas, and were separated or divorced were at significantly heightened risk for criminal victimization. Persons reporting various forms of violent and nonviolent antisocial behavior also were more likely to be victims of crime. In controlled multivariate analyses, crime victims evidenced significantly increased rates of alcohol, cocaine, and opioid use disorders. Paranoid personality disorder, major depressive disorder, and a family history of antisocial behavior were also significantly associated with past-year criminal victimization. Conclusions Criminal victimization is prevalent in the United States and associated with significant psychiatric comorbidities and behavioral dysfunction. Poor, unmarried persons living in urban areas who have family histories of antisocial conduct and personal histories of specific substance use and psychiatric disorders are at substantially elevated risk for criminal victimization.
Akt activation by human T-cell leukemia virus tax oncoprotein

Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus type 1 (HTLV-1), the etiological agent of Adult T-Cell Leukemia, expresses the viral oncoprotein Tax1. In contrast, HTLV-2, which expresses Tax2, is non-leukemogenic. One difference between these homologous proteins is the presence of a C-terminal PDZ (post synaptic density protein) domain binding motif (PBM), previously reported to be important for non-canonical nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) activation. In contrast, the current study finds no defect in non-canonical NFkappaB activity by deletion of the Tax1 PBM. Instead, Tax1 PBM was found to be important for Akt (Protein Kinase B) activation. Tax1 attenuated the effects of negative regulatory phosphatases of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway, PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin homologue) and PHLPP (PH domain and leucine rich repeat protein phosphatase). Tax1 competes with PTEN for binding to PDZ protein DLG-1 (Drosophila disc large tumor suppressor), unlike a PBM deletion mutant of Tax1. Forced membrane expression of PTEN or PHLPP, by fusion to a myristolyation acceptor motif, overcame the effects of Tax1, as measured by levels of Akt phosphorylation at T308 and S473, and rates of Akt dephosphorylation. The current findings suggest that Akt activation may explain the differences in transforming activity of HTLV-1 and -2. Moreover, these findings suggest a new approach to therapeutics for HTLV-1 lymphoproliferative disease. Supported by NIH grants CA94056, CA1730, CA63413, Lymphoma Leukemia Society grant 6067-10, American Society for Hematology fellowship and NIH T32 grant HL07088, and Lymphoma Research Foundation grant 307181203.
The Effect of Electron-Donating Groups and Hydrogen Bonding on H2S Capture over Polyethylene Glycol/Amine Sites

The reversible adsorption of H2S on tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) was investigated using attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and density functional theory (DFT). The in situ infrared method revealed H2S ability to selectively poison the TEPA amine active site by the formation of a strongly adsorbed species in the form of (HS–) NH3+-TEPA. In addition, the H2S–amine interaction, in the presence of oxygen, resulted in the oxidative degradation of the amine, indicated by the formation of an −NO2 species. The addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) affects the H2S-amine interactions and prevents the amine site from oxidative degradation. Both experimental IR and DFT calculations revealed that PEG affected the electronic and geometric environment around the amine binding site through hydrogen bonding and electron-donating effects. The addition of PEG decreased the (+) charge of the ammonium ion site, effectively decreasing electrostatic anion–cation interaction of the st...
Privacy Without Walls: Individuality and Ritual in Fulfuulde Life

There is no one “pure” Fulani, or Fulbe culture, except as perceived from an essentialist view or from within, where one’s own culture is always privileged. Instead, there are many Fulbe traditions and cultures, and these change over time. In Fulfuulde speaking communities (east of Macina) one finds the creation of privacy and social space through people's behavior instead of physical structures. Privacy does not depend on material constructions such as doors or walls, but is embodied in hierarchical, engendered spaces and zones of privacy that are part of everyday ritual. This paper interrogates how rituals of privacy mediate space, and how space is used to produce privacy. It looks at household rituals that are located in the habitus of everyday life which serve as important markers of cultural literacy. I propose that “creating social space” and “creating privacy” are critical elements that embody the social contract in the small dispersed communities typical of herding family residential preferences. While such routine comportments are also visible in conservative sedentary households, their origins are in the open spaces of transhumant life, where the negotiation of individuality is protected by structured interpersonal expression.
The Obesities: Various Paradigms Addressing a Single Problem

This article provides a commentary on the article titled “The Obesities: An Overview of Convergent and Divergent Paradigms” by Karasu. Addressing the concept of obesity from various viewpoints, the...
Local Structural Studies of TiSi2 and ZrSi2 Thin Films on Si(111) Surfaces

This study explores the local structures of TiSi2 and ZrSi2 films on Si. The strain effect on the surface morphologies and phase stability of the films is investigated. Titanium silicide and zirconium silicide films were fabricated on atomically clean Si(111) substrates in UHV using electron gun evaporation followed by in situ annealing. A quantitative X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis was performed to study the formation of epitaxial TiSi2 and ZrSi2 films on the Si surfaces, as well as the phase transition of TiSi2 from the metastable C49 structure to the stable C54 structure. The surface morphologies and the surface roughness of the films were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The strains of these films were determined by comparing the calculated bond lengths with the measured bond lengths using the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) technique. The final stable C54 structure of TiSi2 has less strain than the initially formed metastable C49 phase. While the surface and interface free energies and the bulk free energy are critical to the structural formations and phase changes of the films, the energy associated with the lattice strain is another important factor.
Ceramic Turbine Housings

Ford’s research and development of ceramic flowpath components for uncooled, 1370°C (2500°F), vehicular turbine engines has become well known over the past decade. This paper, for the first time, describes parallel and associated developments to apply ceramics to engine inner housings. Design concepts are reviewed and compared to conventional sheet metal or cast iron structures to provide internal hot gas transition ducts. Candidate ceramic material properties are compared, leading to selection and development of lithium-aluminum-silicate. Forming processes such as slip casting and glass forming are reviewed along with problems experienced with such a relatively large ceramic component. Evaluation methods are presented and salient engine and rig testing is reviewed to establish the potential for ceramic turbine housings.Copyright © 1982 by ASME
COMBINATION OF COMPRESSIBLE AND INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW CODES VIA IMMERSED METHODS

Compressible and incompressible (+VOF) flow solvers are combined via immersed body techniques to simulate liquid/gas multiphase problems. Both solvers are run concurrently on the same mesh. In the compressible flow (i.e. gas) region the velocities of the liquid are imposed wherever liquid is present. For the incompressible (+VOF) flow (i.e. liquid) region, the pressures of the gas region are imposed wherever gas is present. Several examples demonstrate that the approach represents a viable alternative for the efficient simulation of multiphase problems.
Effects of platelet-derived growth factor on degradation, nuclear translocation of nonhistone proteins, and DNA synthesis.

AbstractStimulation of resting normal rat kidney fibroblasts, prelabeled with [3H]leucine, by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) caused inhibition of cellular protein degradation and a parallel increased nuclear translocation of 3H-labeled nonhistone proteins (3H-NHP) and DNA synthesis. Nuclear translocation of these proteins was independent of protein synthesis. Fractionation of the nuclear 3H-NHP in a pH gradient of 2.5–6.5 showed that the protein fractions with a high degree of proteolysis in resting cells corresponded to the protein fractions with a high extent of translocation in stimulated cells, suggesting that degradation and translocation of these proteins may be related. PDGF inhibited cellular uptake of [3H]chloroquine, suggesting that PDGF inhibits NHP degradation via the lysosomal pathway. These observations support the hypothesis that PDGF induces NHP translocation to the nucleus by inhibiting lysosomal degradation of these proteins.
Feasibility and perception of the impact from aerobic exercise in older adults with Alzheimer's disease.

Background:The subjective experience of participating in aerobic exercise is unknown in Alzheimer’s disease (AD).Objective:The purpose of this study was to understand the subjective perceptions of ...
Highly Stable Hysteresis-Free Carbon Nanotube Thin-Film Transistors by Fluorocarbon Polymer Encapsulation

We report hysteresis-free carbon nanotube thin-film transistors (CNT-TFTs) employing a fluorocarbon polymer (Teflon-AF) as an encapsulation layer. Such fluorocarbon encapsulation improves device uniformity with excellent operation stability in air and even in water. The fluoropolymers possess high hydrophobicity for efficient removal of water molecules from the vicinity of nanotubes, which are known to induce charge trapping. In addition, the strong dipole associated with the carbon–fluorine bonds can provide effective screening of the charge carriers in nanotubes from various trap states in the substrate. We also report on the extended applications of encapsulation with Teflon-AF for the realization of dual-gate CNT-TFTs, where one gate is used to control the threshold voltage and the other to switch the device. The fluorocarbon encapsulation technique presents a promising approach for enhanced device reliability, which is critical for future system-level electronics based on CNTs.
Prenatal immune priming in malaria: antigen-specific blastogenesis of cord blood lymphocytes from neonates born in a setting of holoendemic malaria

The Plasmodium falciparum-specific blastogenic response of cord blood lymphocytes (CBLs) from neonates born in an area of holoendemic malaria of Papua New Guinea was compared to that of CBLs from neonates born in Hawaii, where malaria transmission does not occur. The average blastogenesis stimulation index of the New Guinea CBLs was 4·5 times greater than that of the Hawaiian group of samples. Eight of the 24 New Guinea CBL samples had a stimulation index greater than ten and counts per minute ranging from 13 331–84 242, whereas all the Hawaiian CBL samples had a stimulation index less than four, and the highest count per minute was 2016. The data are interpreted as indicating that prenatal immune sensitization/priming to P. falciparum had occurred in some of the New Guinea neonates.
Use of e-procurement in turkey’s public health sector

Health sector is one of the most important sectors when the size of spending and the number of people and organizations involved are considered. An important characteristic of this sector is the dominance of governments as health care providers and/or financers. This fact has important procurement policy implications. This paper gives a detailed overview of the health sector in Turkey and issues surrounding public procurement in this sector. It presents a model for implementation of eprocurement in Turkey’s public health sector, a discussion about the extent to which e-procurement can solve prevailing problems and suggestions to improve procurement in this sector.
Dangerous Assumptions and Unspoken Limitations: A Disability Studies in Education Response to Morgan, Farkas, Hillemeier, Mattison, Maczuga, Li, and Cook (2015)

In this article, we critically review the work of Morgan et al. (2015) and offer Disability Studies in Education (DSE) as an alternative conceptualization to traditional research within special education. We first unpack many of Morgan et al.'s (2015) assumptions, which are grounded in deficit discourses about children, family structures, economic status, and home cultures. Next, we identify flaws in their research design and methodology. Finally, we elaborate on how, through naming and making visible the workings of ableism and racism, DSE offers a way to counter the deficit discourses and inaccurate abstractions of lived realities upon which Morgan et al.'s (2015) work rests.
Fusion of LIDAR data with hyperspectral and high-resolution imagery for automation of DIRSIG scene generation

Developing new remote sensing instruments is a costly and time consuming process. The Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) model gives users the ability to create synthetic images for a proposed sensor before building it. However, to produce synthetic images, DIRSIG requires facetized, three-dimensional models attributed with spectral and texture information which can themselves be costly and time consuming to produce. Recent work by Walli has shown that coincident LIDAR data and high-resolution imagery can be registered and used to automatically generate the geometry and texture information needed for a DIRSIG scene. This method, called LIDAR Direct, greatly reduces the time and manpower needed to generate a scene, but still requires user interaction to attribute facets with either library or field measured spectral information. This paper builds upon that work and presents a method for autonomously generating the geometry, texture, and spectral content for a scene when coincident LIDAR data, high-resolution imagery, and HyperSpectral Imagery (HSI) of a site are available. Then the method is demonstrated on real data.