cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Residual Bacteria on the Outcome of Pulp Regeneration In Vivo

It is not known to what extent residual infection may interfere with the success of pulp regeneration procedures. The aim of this study was to determine, radiographically and histologically, the effect of residual bacteria on the outcome of pulp regeneration mediated by a tissue-engineered construct as compared with traditional revascularization. Periapical lesions were induced in 24 canine teeth of 6 ferrets. After disinfection with 1.25% NaOCl and triple antibiotic paste, ferret dental pulp stem cells, encapsulated in a hydrogel scaffold, were injected into half the experimental teeth. The other half were treated with the traditional revascularization protocol with a blood clot scaffold. After 3 mo, block sections of the canine teeth were imaged radiographically and processed for histologic and histobacteriologic analyses. Associations between variables of interest were evaluated through mixed effects regression models. There were no significant differences between the 2 experimental groups in radiographic root development ( P > 0.05). There was a significant association between the presence of persistent periapical radiolucency and root wall thickness ( P = 0.02). There was also no significant difference in histologic findings between the 2 experimental groups ( P > 0.05). The presence of residual bacteria was significantly associated with lack of radiographic growth ( P < 0.001). The amount of dentin-associated mineralized tissue formed in teeth with residual bacteria was significantly less than in teeth with no residual bacteria ( P < 0.001). Residual bacteria have a critical negative effect on the outcome of regenerative endodontic procedures.
Individualized cost-effectiveness analysis of patient-centered care: a case series of hospitalized patient preferences departing from practice-based guidelines

AbstractObjective: To develop cases of preference-sensitive care and analyze the individualized cost-effectiveness of respecting patient preference compared to guidelines.Methods: Four cases were analyzed comparing patient preference to guidelines: (a) high-risk cancer patient preferring to forgo colonoscopy; (b) decubitus patient preferring to forgo air-fluidized bed use; (c) anemic patient preferring to forgo transfusion; (d) end-of-life patient requesting all resuscitative measures. Decision trees were modeled to analyze cost-effectiveness of alternative treatments that respect preference compared to guidelines in USD per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) at a $100,000/QALY willingness-to-pay threshold from patient, provider and societal perspectives.Results: Forgoing colonoscopy dominates colonoscopy from patient, provider, and societal perspectives. Forgoing transfusion and air-fluidized bed are cost-effective from all three perspectives. Palliative care is cost-effective from provider and societal p...
Critical Role of Hem1 in Hematopoietic Cell Chemotaxis and Innate Immunity to S. Pneumoniae

Hem1 is a hematopoietic specific member of the HEM family proteins, which have been identified as components of the WAVE regulatory complex. To further characterize the role of Hem1 in hematopoietic cell function, we have generated mice deficient in Hem1 using gene targeting methodology. Hem1-deficient mice manifest several phenotypic abnormalities, including peripheral blood lymphopenia and neutrophilia, splenomegaly, premature mortality, and with variable penetrance thymic hypoplasia and alopecia. Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood and spleen demonstrated that Hem1−/ − mice have a marked reduction in peripheral B cells, changes that were evident in both adult and neonatal mice; the splenomegaly in Hem1−/ − mice was attributable to increased extramedullary hematopoiesis. The frequency of bone marrow B cell progenitors was also markedly reduced in Hem1−/ − mice. To assess the role of Hem1 in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function, competitive bone marrow transplantation assays were performed. In contrast to wild-type HSCs, Hem1-deficient HSCs had poor competitive repopulating activity in irradiated recipient mice. KSL cell analysis demonstrated no significant difference in the frequency of lin-c-kit+Sca1+ HSCs between wild-type and Hem1−/ − bone marrow, suggesting that the defective competitive repopulating activity of Hem1−/ − HSCs is attributable to defective bone marrow homing or stem cell niche interaction. Given the biochemical evidence implicating the HEM proteins as a component of the WAVE regulatory complex, we also assessed the ability of Hem1-deficient leukocytes to undergo cytoskeletal remodeling in vitro. Using a transwell assay, Hem1−/ − bone marrow storage pool neutrophils demonstrated markedly blunted chemotactic responses to formylated peptide which was attributable to defective f-actin formation. Hem1−/ − peripheral CD4+ T cells similarly manifested chemotactic defects in response to SDF-1, and showed blunted proliferation when stimulated with antibodies against CD3 and CD28. Finally, a model of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection was employed to test the role of Hem1 in the in vivo function of neutrophils. Hem1−/ − mice were dramatically more sensitive to S. pneumoniae than wild-type littermates, as manifested by the inability to eliminate S. pneumoniae organisms in vivo and higher mortality. In summary, Hem1 deficiency results in deficiencies and functional defects in multiple hematopoietic lineages due to defective signaling to the actin cytoskeleton, and importantly, Hem1 plays a critical role in innate immunity to S. pneumoniae in vivo.
Household Structure and Suburbia Residence in U.S. Metropolitan Areas: Evidence from the American Housing Survey.

Suburbs have demographically diversified in terms of race, yet little research has been done on household structures in suburbs. Using the 2011 American Housing Survey and 2009–2013 American Community Survey, this study investigates the distributions of household structures in suburbia and central cities, and the relationship between household structures and residential attainment. The findings of this research include: (1) The distribution of household structures differs between suburbia and central cities. Married-couple households are the most common household type in both central cities and suburbs, but they are more likely to reside in suburbia than in central cities; (2) Household structure is a determinant of residential attainment and the relationship varies by race/ethnicity groups. Among Hispanics and Asians, multigenerational household structure is indicative of central city residence, but this association does not hold for whites and blacks. For multigenerational households, the odds of living in suburbia decreases by almost 40 percent among Hispanics and by almost 50 percent for Asians.
Role of CCL7 in Type I Hypersensitivity Reactions in Murine Experimental Allergic Conjunctivitis

Molecules that are necessary for ocular hypersensitivity reactions include the receptors CCR1 and CCR3; CCL7 is a ligand for these receptors. Therefore, we explored the role of CCL7 in mast cell activity and motility in vitro and investigated the requirement for CCL7 in a murine model of IgE-mediated allergic conjunctivitis. For mast cells treated with IgE and Ag, the presence of CCL7 synergistically enhanced degranulation and calcium influx. CCL7 also induced chemotaxis in mast cells. CCL7-deficient bone marrow-derived mast cells showed decreased degranulation following IgE and Ag treatment compared with wild-type bone marrow-derived mast cells, but there was no difference in degranulation when cells were activated via an IgE-independent pathway. In vivo, CCL7 was upregulated in conjunctival tissue during an OVA-induced allergic response. Notably, the early-phase clinical symptoms in the conjunctiva after OVA challenge were significantly higher in OVA-sensitized wild-type mice than in control challenged wild-type mice; the increase was suppressed in CCL7-deficient mice. In the OVA-induced allergic response, the numbers of conjunctival mast cells were lower in CCL7-deficient mice than in wild-type mice. Our results demonstrate that CCL7 is required for maximal OVA-induced ocular anaphylaxis, mast cell recruitment in vivo, and maximal FceRI-mediated mast cell activation in vitro. A better understanding of the role of CCL7 in mediating ocular hypersensitivity reactions will provide insights into mast cell function and novel treatments for allergic ocular diseases.
Interhospital Transfer of Children in Septic Shock: A Clinician Interview Qualitative Study

Objective:To determine the factors that influence the decision to transfer children in septic shock from level II to level I pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) care.Design:Interviews with level I...
Integrating next-generation sequencing into pediatric oncology practice: An assessment of physician confidence and understanding of clinical genomics.

BACKGROUND The incorporation of genomic testing to identify targetable somatic alterations and predisposing germline mutations into the clinical setting is becoming increasingly more common. Despite its potential usefulness, to the authors' knowledge physician confidence with regard to understanding and applying genomic testing remains unclear, particularly within the realm of pediatric oncology. METHODS Before initiating an institutional feasibility study regarding the integration of clinical genomic testing, the authors surveyed pediatric oncologists regarding their confidence around understanding of genomic testing, perceived usefulness of test results, preferences around the disclosure of germline test results, and possible risks and benefits of testing. RESULTS Among survey respondents (52 of 88 contacted; response rate of 59%), only a minority were confident in interpreting, using, and discussing somatic (35%) or germline (27%) genomic test results. Providers who were confident in interpreting somatic results were significantly more likely to anticipate using the results to plan the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory cancers (P = .009). Similarly, providers who reported confidence in interpreting germline results were significantly more likely to discuss and use these results as part of clinical care (P<.0001). The majority of physicians (93%), regardless of their level of confidence, wanted to speak to a genetic counselor before disclosing germline test results. CONCLUSIONS Among physicians at a comprehensive pediatric cancer center, confidence in the interpretation, use, and discussion of oncology-based genomic test results appears to be low, both in terms of somatic and germline testing. To optimize the integration of genomic sequencing into cancer care, methods must be developed to improve basic competencies around cancer-based genomic testing. Given the complexities surrounding variant interpretation and genotype-phenotype relationships, interdisciplinary collaborations are warranted. Cancer 2017;123:2352-2359. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
The Impact of Terminal Illness on the Family

When a patient becomes terminal, his or her care assumes a kind of regularity. Almost no new diagnostic questions arise. Additional history, physical examination, and laboratory tests contribute little. And changes in treatment are rare. Nursing care predominates over medical care. Yet this sad phase affects more than just the patient; it also affects close family members. They face their own emotional traumas prompted by the patient’s decline toward death. As his or her care becomes largely set, the attention of health professionals (HPs) turns more and more to the family and the effect of the patient’s impending death on them.
Racial residential segregation and adverse birth outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract Rationale Persistent racial disparities in adverse birth outcomes are not fully explained by individual-level risk factors. Racial residential segregation–degree to which two or more groups live apart from one another–may contribute to the etiology of these birth outcome disparities. Our aim was to assess associations between segregation and adverse birth outcomes by race. This review focused on formal measures of segregation, using Massey and Denton's framework (1998) that identifies five distinct operationalizations of segregation, in addition to proxy measures of segregation such as racial composition, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the operationalizations of segregation most salient for birth outcomes. Method Review and meta-analyses were conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Science and included articles from inception through April 30, 2017. Results Forty-two articles examined associations between segregation and adverse birth outcomes among Black and White mothers separately. Meta-analyses showed that among Black mothers, exposure was associated with increased risk of preterm birth ( OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.10, 1.26), and low birth weight ( OR = 1.13, 95% CI=1.06, 1.21), and Black racial composition was associated with increased risk of preterm birth ( OR = 1.20, 95% CI=1.05, 1.37), among those living in most- compared to least-segregated neighborhoods. Few studies were conducted among White mothers and only exposure was associated with increased risk of preterm birth and low birth weight. Qualitative analyses indicated that among Black mothers, exposure and hypersegregation were associated with multiple adverse birth outcomes; findings were mixed for evenness and clustering. Conclusions and future directions Associations between segregation and adverse birth outcomes differ by race. Methodological heterogeneity between studies may obscure true associations. Research can be advanced through use of multilevel frameworks and by examining mechanistic pathways between segregation and adverse birth outcomes. Elucidation of pathways may provide opportunities to intervene to reduce seemingly intractable racial disparities in adverse birth outcomes.
Extending electrostatics of dielectric spheres to arbitrary charge distributions with applications to biosystems.

A previously developed classical model of electrostatic interactions, based on a formalism of dielectric spheres, which has been found to have surprising accuracy for $S$ state atoms, is extended by allowing higher-order moments of the intrinsic charge distribution. Two methods to introduce the charge distribution (point moments at the center vs surface charge) are shown to be equivalent and are compared with another common model for polarizable atoms that utilizes polarizable point dipoles. Unlike the polarizable point dipole model, the polarizable spheres models do not suffer from a divergence at small separation of atoms and are easily generalized to higher multipoles.
Cracking in Flexible Pavements and Asphalt Mixtures: Theories, Modeling and Testing for Mitigation

Cracking in asphalt concrete (AC) layers is among the driving modes of flexible asphalt pavement deterioration and failure. Crack initiation and development in asphalt pavements can be due to many ...
Prolonging shelf-life of platelets by low-level laser

It remains significant challenges to extend a shelf life of platelets beyond the conventional five days. Unlike red blood cells that can be stored at 4°C for a few weeks, platelets are stored at room temperature only, which results in a gradual loss of their quality owing to a switch of energy metabolism from aerobic oxidative phosphorylation toward anaerobic glycolysis. Given the well-documented beneficial effect of near infrared low-level laser (LLL) on mitochondrial functions in a variety of cells under stress, we explored a potential for LLL to extend the shelf life of platelets beyond the five days. We found that exposure of a platelet-containing storage bag to LLL at 830nm at 0.5J/cm2 prior to storage could significantly retain a pH value and viability of the platelets stored within the bag under a standard condition for eight days with improved quality compared to those platelets stored similarly for five days in controls. LLL inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lactate production, but sustained ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and morphology in the stored platelets. While preserving their metabolic activity, LLL didn’t activate platelets but increased their aggregation capacity and in vivo survival as suggested by similar levels of surface CD62p expression and enhanced agonist-induced aggregation and recovery following infusion in the presence compared to the absence of LLL treatment. This simple, addition-free, cost-effective, noninvasive laser illumination can be readily incorporated into the current platelet storage system to prolong shelf life of platelets with improved quality of stored platelets.
A late Cretaceous fagalean inflorescence preserved in amber from New Jersey

Premise of the study An inflorescence with three pistillate flowers in amber from the early Upper Cretaceous (Turonian, ~90-94 million years ago) of central New Jersey represents the oldest known flowers with features present in an early stem complex of the Fagales. The inflorescence has characteristics of Nothofagaceae, but also has strikingly distinct characters that suggest it is intermediate between Nothofagus and other Fagales. This intermediacy is consistent with its northern hemisphere distribution. Methods We investigated this new fossil by comparing it with extant and fossil members of the Fagales using light microscopy and nano-computed tomography. In addition, for exploring its relationships, we mapped the morphological characters onto a widely accepted molecular-based tree of modern basal Fagales using standard methods of character optimization. Key results The phylogenetic position of the fossil inflorescence can be unequivocally determined by the presence of unique features, singly and in combination, that are found only in "basal" members of Fagales. The fossil adds critical information on the features of the early stem Fagales, evolution of the cupule in Nothofagaceae and Fagaceae, and a reasonable biogeographic hypothesis for the differentiation of southern (e.g., Nothofagaceae) and northern hemisphere Fagales. Conclusions This new fossil provides insight into the early evolution of Fagales and suggests that early stem Fagales that had not yet differentiated into modern families were present in the Late Cretaceous of North America. Based on available evidence, the fossil is best interpreted as an early stem member of the Fagales, with features that suggest a transition from a more generalized Nothofagus-like fagalean ancestor with some unique presumably plesiomorphic features. The presence of an enlarged perianth and flexuous styles also suggests the possibility of insect pollination, which has been lost in all Fagales with the exception of some members of subfamily Castaneoideae in Fagaceae sensu stricto (which otherwise are very different from this fossil). The poorly developed, bract-like cupule valves of the fossil can be interpreted as primitive (i.e., incipient) or as reduced from more developed cupules that are found in most modern Fagaceae and Nothofagaceae.
Emergency department utilization by a jail population.

Abstract Background Incarcerated individuals represent a significant proportion of the US population and face unique healthcare challenges. Scarce articles have been published about emergency department (ED) care of these patients. We studied the ED visits from one urban jail to better describe this population. Methods A cohort study design was used, identifying patients who were sent to the ED from a city jail in 2015. Demographics, triage information, length of stay, number of studies, billing codes, diagnoses, and disposition data were collected. These were compared to the overall ED patient population in the same year. Results 868 ED visits by jail patients occurred, representing 1.3% of the ED census. Compared to the general population, incarcerated patients were younger (32.1 years vs. 44.0 years, p Conclusion ED visits from jail were common, involving a relatively young and healthy population with a low incidence of abnormal vital signs and admission. Given the high costs associated with ED care and the medical resources available at some jails, further study should evaluate if increased jail medical capabilities could improve care and decrease costs by decreasing ED visits.
Oral Terbinafine: A New Antifungal Agent:

ObjectiveTo review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, adverse effects, drug interactions, and dosage guidelines of terbinafine. Available comparative data of terbinafine and other antimy...
Adult Literacy for Development in India

This study presents an analysis of the role of adult literacy in the development of India, comparing policy against performance and intention against action. A political theory of adult literacy in development provides the conceptual framework. Two general development models are identified: the motivational-developmental model (where the responsibility for development is placed on the individual who must aspire, learn, act, and achieve); and the structural-developmental model (where the state must take the initiative to change political and economic structures). What use is made of adult literacy in development in a particular country depends upon the overall development model being followed.
Planning in intelligent sensor fusion

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses about planning in intelligent sensor fusion. The planning activity can be viewed as transforming symbolic descriptions of a sensing objective into an ordering of sensors, and algorithms to observe each symbolic feature in the description. Because the relationships among the components features of a symbolic description are expressed as a context-free grammar, a description is represented as a top-down directed, acyclic graph (DAG). The resulting sensing plan is a bottom-up DAG which has one, or more virtual sensor nodes associated with each feature node in the description DAG. The links of the sensor plan DAG specify the ordering of the execution of the algorithms, and any interactions among sensors. The ideal sensor fusion planner shares characteristics with many planning paradigms. Like classical planners, a sensor fusion planner must produce a complete sensing plan, or else the perceptual process cannot proceed.
Editing Behavior Analysis for Predicting Active and Inactive Users in Wikipedia

These days, user-generated content platforms such as social media, question-answering Websites, and open collaboration systems are a source of information for many. These platforms survive, thanks to the pool of active contributors who generate content. As a consequence, they continuously face the problem of acquiring new users and retain them in the platform.
Emotion Regulation in the Prisoner's Dilemma: Effects of Reappraisal on Behavioral Measures and Cardiovascular Measures of Challenge and Threat.

The current study examines cooperation and cardiovascular responses in individuals that were defected on by their opponent in the first round of an iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma. In this scenario, participants were either primed with the emotion regulation strategy of reappraisal or no emotion regulation strategy, and their opponent either expressed an amused smile or a polite smile after the results were presented. We found that cooperation behavior decreased in the no emotion regulation group when the opponent expressed an amused smile compared to a polite smile. In the cardiovascular measures, we found significant differences between the emotion regulation conditions using the biopsychosocial (BPS) model of challenge and threat. However, the cardiovascular measures of participants instructed with the reappraisal strategy were only weakly comparable with a threat state of the BPS model, which involves decreased blood flow and perception of greater task demands than resources to cope with those demands. Conversely, the cardiovascular measures of participants without an emotion regulation were only weakly comparable with a challenge state of the BPS model, which involves increased blood flow and perception of having enough or more resources to cope with task demands.
The Effect of Environmental Factors on the Abundance of Culturable Nitrate Reducing/Denitrifying Bacteria from Contaminated and Uncontaminated Tallgrass Prairie Soil

Various environmental factors have been proposed, such as soil moisture levels, carbon, and nitrate sources to affect the abundance of nitrate reducing (NR) and denitrifying (DN) bacteria. In this study, the strength of the association of the abundance of NR and DN bacteria with various environmental factors is estimated using multivariate statistics. Soil samples were collected from tallgrass prairie soils that had been contaminated with crude oil or brine (e.g. salt water) up to 10 years previously and from parallel uncontaminated sites. The abundance of culturable NR and DN bacteria in the soil samples was estimated by 5-tube MPN method using nitrate broth, while total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), sodium chloride, nitrate, and moisture were measured in the contaminated and the parallel uncontaminated sites. Viable heterotrophic bacteria and NR and DN bacteria from all sites were obtained from samples with a broad range of soil moisture (around 10-30% water/g soil) regardless of the source (e.g. site) of the isolates. Our results showed that the abundance of NR and DN bacteria from the contaminated sites was not less than that from the uncontaminated sites and reflected soil moisture, with greater bacterial numbers from wetter soils. Also, current remediation treatments (e.g. nitrate, hay, watering) of contaminated sites sometimes, but not consistently, were associated with greater abundance of NR and DN bacteria. Therefore, no long-term effect of contamination on the abundance of NR and DN bacteria was shown.
NOTES FROM THE FIELD: THE ROLE OF THE LAWYER IN GRASSROOTS POLICY ADVOCACY

In the past decade, domestic workers have built a national, grassroots, worker-led movement to address the systemic exclusion of domestic workers from basic wage and hour laws. They have been widely successful in the last three years with the passage of state domestic worker bill of rights in New York, Hawaii and California, the adoption by the International Labour Organization of the Convention and Recommendation Concerning Decent Work for Domestic Workers, and federal policy changes by the Department of Labor which will extend minimum wage and overtime for the first time to millions of home care workers. Building visibility through worker leadership and broad-based coalitions, the domestic work campaigns have succeeded in gaining fairer treatment under the law. Behind the scenes, legal clinics have played an important role in the fight to expand legal rights for domestic workers. The Women’s Employment Rights Clinic at Golden Gate University School of Law served as legal counsel to the California Domestic Worker Coalition, providing technical and legal advice on the campaign. This article is a reflection of the Clinic’s work on the campaign, addressing the role of the legislative lawyer in grassroots advocacy, defining the client relationship and structuring client counseling in a broad coalition, how direct services can inform policy changes, and how to integrate students in a multi-year campaign.
The effects of indomethacin on plasma LH levels in female and male deermice (Peromyscus maniculatus).

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to determine (1) the approximate time of the preovulatory LH rise in cyclic deermice, (2) the effect of indomethacin administration on plasma LH levels during the expected preovulatory LH rise, and (3) the effect of indomethacin administration on plasma LH levels in castrated male deermice. The data indicate that the preovulatory LH rise occurred at about 2200 h on proestrus and that indomethacin pretreatment significantly reduced plasma LH levels during that time. In addition, indomethacin significantly reduced plasma LH levels in castrated male deermice. We conclude that plasma LH levels remain low throughout the estrous cycle with the exception of the preovulatory “surge”, that plasma LH levels in deermice are comparable to those reported for the rat, and that indomethacin pretreatment reduced plasma LH levels during periods when they were expected to be elevated (in castrated males and during the expected preovulatory LH rise in female deermice). The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the effect of indomethacin on plasma LH levels is due to an inhibitory effect on hypothalamic PG biosynthesis.
Total knee arthroplasty after distal femoral osteotomy long-term survivorship and clinical outcomes.

Aims There is little literature about total knee arthroplasty (TKA) after distal femoral osteotomy (DFO). Consequently, the purpose of this study was to analyze the outcomes of TKA after DFO, with ...
A Distributed Network of 100 Black Carbon Sensors for 100 Days of Air Quality Monitoring in West Oakland, California

Ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution is a major environmental health risk in urban areas. Dense networks of low-cost air quality sensors are emerging to characterize the spatially heterogeneous concentrations that are typical of urban settings, but are not adequately captured using traditional regulatory monitors at central sites. In this study, we present the 100×100 BC Network, a 100-day deployment of low-cost black carbon (BC) sensors across 100 locations in West Oakland, California. This 15 km2 community is surrounded by freeways and affected by emissions associated with local port and industrial activities. We assess the reliability of the sensor hardware and data collection systems, and identify modes of failure to both quantify and qualify network performance. We illustrate how dynamic, local emission sources build upon background BC concentrations. BC concentrations varied sharply over short distances (∼100 m) and timespans (∼1 hour), depending on surrounding land use, traffic patterns, and downwind distance from pollution sources. Strong BC concentration fluctuations were periodically observed over the diurnal and weekly cycles, reflecting the impact of localized traffic emissions and industrial facilities in the neighborhood. Overall, the results demonstrate how distributed sensor networks can reveal the complex spatiotemporal dynamics of combustion-related air pollution within urban neighborhoods.
Crystal structure of tetra­methyl­ammonium 1,1,7,7-tetra­cyano­hepta-2,4,6-trienide

The title compound, C4H12N+·C11H5N4−, contains one tetra­methyl­ammonium cation and one 1,1,7,7-tetra­cyano­hepta-2,4,6-trienide anion in the asymmetric unit. The anion is in an all-trans conjugated C=C bonds conformation. Two terminal C(CN)2 di­nitrile moieties are slightly twisted from the polymethine main chain to which they are attached [C(CN)2/C5 dihedral angles = 6.1 (2) and 7.1 (1)°]. The C—C bond distances along the hepta­dienyl chain vary in the narrow range 1.382 (2)–1.394 (2) A, thus indicating the significant degree of conjugation. In the crystal, the anions are linked into zigzag chains along the [10\overline{1}] direction by C—H⋯N(nitrile) short contacts. The anti­parallel chains stack along the [110] direction with alternating separations between the neighboring anions in stacks of 3.291 and 3.504 A. The C—H⋯N short contacts and stacking inter­actions combine to link the anions into layers parallel to the (\overline{1}01) plane and separated by columns of tetra­methyl­ammonium cations.
Instagrammers, Fashionistas, and Me: Recurrent Fashion Recommendation with Implicit Visual Influence

Fashion-focused key opinion bloggers on Instagram, Facebook, and other social media platforms are fast becoming critical influencers. They can inspire consumer clothing purchases by linking high fashion visual evolution with daily street style. In this paper, we build thefirst visual influence-aware fashion recommender (FIRN) with leveraging fashion bloggers and their dynamic visual posts. Specifically, we extract thedynamic fashion features highlighted by these bloggers via a BiLSTM that integrates a large corpus of visual posts and community influence. We then learn theimplicit visual influence funnel from bloggers to individual users via a personalized attention layer. Finally, we incorporate user personal style and her preferred fashion features across time in a recurrent recommendation network for dynamic fashion-updated clothing recommendation. Experiments show that FIRN outperforms state-of-the-art fashion recommenders, especially for users who are most impacted by fashion influencers, and utilizing fashion bloggers can bring greater improvements in recommendation compared with using other potential sources of visual information. We also release a largetime-aware high-quality visual dataset of fashion influencers that can be exploited for future research.
Crowdfunding success through social media: Going beyond entrepreneurial orientation in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises

Abstract This study examines how entrepreneurial orientation (EO) works through firm managers’ perceived contribution of social media (CSM) and influences crowdfunding success in the context of pre-existing Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). As a construct, EO has evolved over the last three decades. We build on recent conceptualizations where it is posited as a behavioral construct that motivates directed actions. We propose that EO fosters actions and routines that predict crowdfunding campaign success, and that this relationship is mediated by the perceived contribution of social media to a firm's campaign success. To test these assertions, we surveyed professionals from 322 firms who had conducted crowdfunding campaigns. We created and validated our own 7-item scale for crowdfunding success where we used pre-existing scales for EO and CSM to test our assertions. We found that the CSM mediates the relationship between EO and crowdfunding success (CFS). These findings contribute to the literature on strategic entrepreneurship, innovation, and media strategy.
CD19 CAR T Cells for the Treatment of Pediatric Pre-B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

The development of cluster of differentiation (CD)-19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells for the treatment of pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is an exciting new advancement in the field of pediatric oncology. Tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel are the first US FDA-approved CD19-targeted CAR T cells. While various different CD19 CAR T cells are in development, tisagenlecleucel is the only CAR T cell approved for pediatric patients. The multicenter phase II trial that led to the approval of tisagenlecleucel demonstrated excellent responses in individuals with highly refractory disease. Other high-risk groups of patients with B-ALL who experience poor outcomes with standard therapy may also benefit from treatment with tisagenlecleucel. After receiving CAR T cells, patients must be closely monitored for unique toxicities, including cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity, and B-cell aplasia. The management of patients with relapsed or refractory disease after administration of CD19 CAR T cells can be challenging, and treatment options vary according to the characteristics of the disease present at relapse. In the many patients who experience a complete response, CAR T cells can lead to a durable remission. This review describes the current design and manufacturing of CAR T cells. Data in the selection and management of pediatric patients are highlighted, as are areas where further studies are needed.
Malthus and Darfur

Hermann looks at Malthus' "An Essay on the Principals of Population" and directly applies Malthus' model to the current situation in Darfur. He concludes the Malthusian pressures of over population and limited resources has had a direct impact in the crisis in Darfur, but it is one of the many contributing factors in the conflict. [Abstract by editor]
Travel distance and time to adjuvant chemotherapy in veterans with colorectal cancer.

84Background: Patients from rural areas have well described disparities in quality cancer care. We hypothesized that longer travel distance is associated with less chemotherapy acceptance and less ...
Remission in adolescents with bulimia nervosa: Empirical evaluation of current conceptual models

OBJECTIVE The few randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating adolescent treatment for bulimia nervosa (BN) suggest variability in both rates of, and criteria for remission. The current study examined reactivity in remission rates, relative to various conceptualizations of remission in a single RCT data set. METHOD A data set of adolescents with BN who participated in an RCT (N = 110) was used to evaluate remission models based upon behavioral symptoms (e.g., binge eating), psychological symptoms (Eating Disorder Examination [EDE] scores), and combinations of these criteria. RESULTS At end-of-treatment (EOT), a remission model defined by behavioral symptom abstinence plus meaningful reduction in EDE global scores yielded comparable remission rates to a model defined by behavioral abstinence alone (i.e., 29% remitted). Participants with higher EOT EDE global scores were less likely to be abstinent from behavioral symptoms at 6- and 12-month follow-up (ps < .001). DISCUSSION Reduction in psychological symptoms with behavioral abstinence did not inform remission status at EOT, over and above behavioral symptom change alone. However, psychological symptom improvement by EOT may predict positive prognosis in posttreatment assessment. Results underscore the necessity of including psychological symptom improvement, as well as consistency across research and practice, in defining remission in adolescent BN.
Pediatric Pain Management

Infants and children can experience a variety of pain. Children often receive inadequate treatment for pain. Over the past few decades, there has been significant progress in pediatric pain management. In order to provide optimal care for children, understanding the developmental, physiological, and psychological factors relevant to pain is essential. In this chapter, we present the current concepts of acute pediatric pain management, pediatric regional anesthesia, and approaches for chronic pediatric pain. Behavioral medical therapies and complementary medical therapies play a major role in easing pediatric pain.
Bloodstream Infections and Delayed Antibiotic Coverage Are Associated With Negative Hospital Outcomes in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients

Background Bloodstream infections (BSI) are common after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and associated with increased long-term morbidity and mortality. However, short-term outcomes related to BSI in this population remain unknown. More specifically, it is unclear whether choices related to empiric antimicrobials for potentially infected patients are associated with patient outcomes. Research question Are potential delays in appropriate antibiotics associated with hospital outcomes among HSCT recipients with BSI? Study design and methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a large comprehensive inpatient academic cancer center between January 2014 and June 2017. We identified all admissions for HSCT and prior recipients of HSCT. We defined potential delay in appropriate antibiotics as >24 hours between positive blood culture and the initial dose of an antimicrobial with activity against the pathogen. Results We evaluated 2751 hospital admissions from 1086 patients. 395 (14.4%) admissions involved ≥1 BSI. Among these hospitalizations, 44 (11.1%) involved potential delays in appropriate antibiotics. The incidence of mortality was higher in BSI hospitalizations than in those without BSI (23% vs 4.5%, p Interpretation BSI were common and independently associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Delays in administration of appropriate antimicrobials were identified as an important factor in hospital morbidity and mortality. These findings may have important implications for our current practice of empiric antibiotic management in HSCT patients.
The Role of Trainer Characteristics in Intern Sexual Harassment Training Effectiveness

Sexual harassment has received considerable attention in the United States over the last several years, as evidenced by the #MeToo movement. During this time, it has become evident that sexual hara...
Abdominal Wall Reconstruction in the Elderly: Techniques, Outcomes, and Pitfalls

Ventral hernias and complex abdominal wall defects are common in elderly. Many of these abdominal wall hernias repairs may involve multiple fascial defects, presence of extensive underlying scarring to the bowel, associated stomas, concurrent malignant process, prior irradiation, previous hernia repair, malnutrition, and/or wound infection. With increasing geriatric trauma population and increasing number of trauma patients undergoing major abdominal procedures and the expanding utility of damage control surgery, the need for complex abdominal wall reconstruction in geriatric population for these complex defects is also expected to increase. The objective in the management of patients undergoing complex abdominal wall reconstruction is to restore the continuity of the gastrointestinal tract and the integrity of the abdominal wall by utilizing both native tissue approximation and reinforcement with biologic or synthetic mesh. In this chapter we will review the current state of the complex abdominal wall reconstruction in elderly, techniques, and outcomes.
The rights of women and girls are not negotiable

This opinion piece was first published in Newsweek on February 5, 2021 at 5.30 AM, EST. Because of its importance for sexual and reproductive health and rights in Africa, the AJRH obtained the permission of Dr Natalia Kanem and Newsweek to publish it in this edition of the journal without alteration. We believe the restoration of funding to the UNFPA by the US government (which this journal suggested should happen in a December 2020 editorial 1 ) holds great promise for marginalized women and girls in Africa who look up to this unique global institution for social restitution and social justice. We salute the Biden administration for keeping faith with humanity, as this step will help the attainment of the UN sustainable development goals and those of UNFPA on achieving zero maternal deaths, gender-based violence and unmet need for contraception by 2030.
Weaseling Out of Weingarten: Why Outsourcing Investigatory Examinations Does Not Obviate Representational Rights Under the FSLMRS

The Federal Service Labor Management Relations Statute (hereinafter "FSLMRS") grants covered federal employees the right to union representation at investigatory examinations conducted by "a representative of the agency." While the Supreme Court has defined the term "agency representative" broadly, some courts have permitted agencies to evade the FSLMRS by outsourcing examinations to third parties. This trend is contrary to Supreme Court precedent, the text of the FSLMRS, and the purposes of the statute, and it deprives federal employees of their representational rights. As such, it should be repudiated. This article first describes the history of unionization and outlines the substantive provisions of the FSLMRS. It then documents judicial inconsistency in interpreting the phrase "a representative of the agency," and shows that the broad definition promulgated by the Supreme Court comports with the text, legislative history, and underlying policies of the FSLMRS. This article concludes by proposing factors that courts should consider when determining whether examiners qualify as agency representatives, and it calls upon the judiciary to adopt these standards.
Protein Footprinting via Covalent Protein Painting Reveals Structural Changes of the Proteome in Alzheimer's Disease.

Misfolding and aggregation of amyloid-β peptide and hyperphosphorylated tau are molecular markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and although the 3D structures of these aberrantly folded proteins have been visualized in exquisite detail, no method has been able to survey protein folding across the proteome in AD. Here, we present covalent protein painting (CPP), a mass spectrometry-based protein footprinting approach to quantify the accessibility of lysine e-amines for covalent modification at the surface of natively folded proteins. We used CPP to survey the reactivity of 2645 lysine residues and therewith the structural proteome of HEK293T cells and found that reactivity increased upon mild heat shock. CPP revealed that the accessibility of lysine residues for covalent modification in tubulin-β (TUBB), in succinate dehydrogenase (SHDB), and in amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is altered in human postmortem brain samples of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. The structural alterations of TUBB and SHDB in patients with AD, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), or both point to broader perturbations of the 3D proteome beyond Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau.
Longitudinal measurement of subcutaneous and intratibial human prostate cancer xenograft growth and response to ionizing radiation by plasma Alu and LINE-1 ctDNA: A comparison to standard methods.

BACKGROUND Current preclinical models of metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) require sophisticated technologies and/or genetically engineered cells for the noninvasive monitoring of tumors in remote sites, such as bone. Recent developments in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis provide an alternative method for noninvasive tumor monitoring at a low cost. Here, we sought to evaluate human Alu and LINE-1 ctDNA for the longitudinal measurement of subcutaneous and intratibial human PCa xenograft growth and response to ionizing radiation (IR) through comparison with standard slide caliper and bioluminescence measurements. MATERIAL AND METHODS Intratibial and subcutaneous xenografts were established in male athymic nude mice using LNCaP cells that stably express firefly luciferase. A subset of tumors was treated with a single dose of IR (CT-guided focal IR, 6 Gy). Tumor measurements were simultaneously taken by slide caliper (subcutaneous only), in vivo bioluminescence imaging, and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) of human-specific Alu and LINE-1 ctDNA for several weeks. RESULTS Levels of ctDNA and bioluminescence increased concordantly with subcutaneous and intratibial tumor growth. A statistically significant correlation (Spearman) was observed between ctDNA and subcutaneous tumor volume (LINE-1, r = .94 and Alu, r = .95, p < .0001), ctDNA and bioluminescence (LINE-1, r = .66 and Alu, r = .60, p < .002), and bioluminescence and tumor volume (r = .66, p = .0003). Bioluminescence and ctDNA were also significantly correlated in intratibial tumors (LINE-1, r = .82 and Alu, r = .81, p < .0001). Following external beam IR, the tumor responses varied briefly by method of measurement, but followed a similar trend. Statistically significant correlations were maintained between ctDNA and slide caliper measurement in irradiated subcutaneous tumors (LINE-1, r = .64 and Alu, r = .44, p < .02), and ctDNA and bioluminescence in intratibial tumors (LINE-1, r = .55, p = .018). CONCLUSIONS Real-time qPCR of circulating human Alu and LINE-1 DNA provides an accurate measurement of subcutaneous and intratibial xenograft burden that is comparable with conventional bioluminescence imaging and slide caliper measurement. Transient differences in measurements were observed following tumor-targeted IR, but overall all measurements mirrored tumor growth and response.