cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nanosecond Freezing of Water at High Pressures: Nucleation and Growth near the Metastability Limit.

The fundamental study of phase transition kinetics has motivated experimental methods toward achieving the largest degree of undercooling possible, more recently culminating in the technique of rapid, quasi-isentropic compression. This approach has been demonstrated to freeze water into the high-pressure ice VII phase on nanosecond timescales, with some experiments undergoing heterogeneous nucleation while others, in apparent contradiction, suggest a homogeneous nucleation mode. In this study, we show through a combination of theory, simulation, and analysis of experiments that these seemingly contradictory results are in agreement when viewed from the perspective of classical nucleation theory. We find that, perhaps surprisingly, classical nucleation theory is capable of accurately predicting the solidification kinetics of ice VII formation under an extremely high driving force (|Δμ/k_{B}T|≈1) but only if amended by two important considerations: (i) transient nucleation and (ii) separate liquid and solid temperatures. This is the first demonstration of a model that is able to reproduce the experimentally observed rapid freezing kinetics.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Temporary Epidemiology Field Assignee program: Supporting state and local preparedness in the wake of Ebola:

Objectives:The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention launched the Temporary Epidemiology Field Assignee (TEFA) Program to help state and local jurisdictions respond to the risk of Ebola virus ...
Neural Efficiency of Human–Robotic Feedback Modalities Under Stress Differs With Gender

Sensory feedback, which can be presented in different modalities - single and combined, aids task performance in human-robotic interaction (HRI). However, combining feedback modalities does not always lead to optimal performance. Indeed, it is not known how feedback modalities affect operator performance under stress. Furthermore, there is limited information on how feedback affects neural processes differently for males and females and under stress. This is a critical gap in the literature, particularly in the domain of surgical robotics, where surgeons are under challenging socio-technical environments that burden them physiologically. In the present study, we posited operator performance as the summation of task performance and neurophysiological cost of maintaining that performance. In a within-subject design, we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to assess cerebral activations of 12 participants who underwent a 3D manipulation task within a virtual environment with concurrent feedback (visual and visual + haptic) in the presence and absence of a cognitive stressor. Cognitive stress was induced with the serial-7 subtraction test. We found that while task performance was higher with visual than visual + haptic feedback, it degraded under stress. The two feedback modalities were found to be associated with varying neural activities and neural efficiencies, and these were stress- and gender-dependent. Our findings engender further investigation into effectiveness of feedback modalities on males and females under stressful conditions in HRI.
In-memory cluster computing for machine learning

The field of machine learning has evolved in recent years to incorporate large amounts of data over which intricate mathematical computations and algorithms are executed. Self-driving cars which facilitate basic transportation needs, robust search and recommendation engines simplifying online shopping, and fraud detection systems protecting individuals from digital theft represent a few highly successful applications of machine learning in which large data stores are needed. As applications of machine learning require larger volumes of data, the need for a faster data infrastructure increases in importance to reduce the latency and constraints that disk I/O places on models requiring numerous iterations through the data.
Single-photon single-flux coupled detectors

A device that is a combination of a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector and a superconducting multi-level memory. These devices can be used to count a number of photons impinging on the device through single-photon to single-flux conversion. Electrical characterization of the device demonstrates single-flux quantum (SFQ) separated states. Optical measurements using attenuated laser pulses with different mean photon number, pulse energies and repetition rates are shown to differentiate single-photon detection from other possible phenomena, such as multiphoton detection and thermal activation. Array devices and methods are also discussed.
Nanostar probes: A golden platform for Synergistic Immuno Photothermal Nanotherapy (SYMPHONY) for the treatment of metastatic cancer

The discovery of new treatments for cancer is imperative. Recently, we showed in a proof-of-concept study that SYnergistic IMmuno PHOtothermal NanotherapY (SYMPHONY) is a powerful treatment for metastatic bladder cancer and brain tumor in mouse models. Our work has recently demonstrated that combining immunotherapy checkpoint inhibitors and gold nanostar (AuNS) photothermal therapy (PTT) is more effective in killing primary tumors and activating the immune system to eradicate tumors at distant sites, than each individual treatment alone. When the tumor is being ablated via PTT in mice models, using low intensity heat from a near infrared laser, the dying tumor releases proteins that trigger the immune system to destroy remaining tumor cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitors prevent the tumor cells from hiding from the immune system’s mechanisms; thus, the immune system becomes capable of attacking distant secondary tumors, after the primary tumor has been eradicated using AuNS mediated PTT. The data shows that after the cured mice were rechallenged with bladder cancer cells, no tumor formation was observed after 60 days; hence these results indicate that the SYMPHONY treatment can function as a cancer vaccine and lead to long-lasting immunity.
Usability evaluation of an open-source environmental monitoring data dashboard for archivists

Cultural heritage archives engage in monitoring of environmental condition data, typically by employing “datalogger” devices and rudimentary data dashboard interfaces, to ensure collection preservation and avoid damaging environmental conditions, such as high temperature or humidity. Data dashboard interfaces are a popular means of efficiently monitoring complex, high-volume, and real-time data. While open-source software, in which the code may be modified as needed by individuals and/or communities, is widely used in the archives domain for collection management, the commercial environmental monitoring systems tend to be closed source and inflexible in use. The authors’ prior user-centered research with archivist practitioners has indicated many issues with the current commercial environmental monitoring systems and noted the potential for more flexible, open, and modern technology solutions. This research study explores the design and evaluation, through usability testing and heuristic evaluation, of an open-source data dashboard interface for archivists, with an emphasis on understanding the ability of current open-source tools in this realm to support archivists’ interface needs. Though the data dashboard interface was generally efficient and easy to use for archivists, there were several problems identified that require further development and evaluation, some of which may be more technically challenging than reasonable to expect from archivists. Several suggestions for the future directions this work may take are presented, which includes integration into existing popular open-sources systems currently developed by archivists.
12 – Reference Guide

We now present an alphabetical listing of the commands to the theorem prover along with the definitions of concepts used in the command descriptions.
Fragile X-Associated Tremor Ataxia/Syndrome

Approximately one-third of the male carriers of the fragile X premutation allele (CGG repeat size of 55–200 on the FMR1 gene) are at risk of developing the neurodegenerative disorder fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). This disorder is caused by a mutation in the same gene on the X chromosome as the childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder fragile X syndrome. FXTAS is characterized by gait ataxia, intention tremor, and brain atrophy with intranuclear inclusions found in cortical and subcortical structures. FXTAS is commonly mistaken for other movement disorders, such as atypical Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy.
Model to predict brain metastasis (BM) in patients with metastatic germ-cell tumors (mGCT).

5057Background: BM is an independent adverse prognostic factor that can lead to treatment complications and failure in pts with mGCT. We aimed to establish an effective and practical model for pred...
Correlated structural evolution within multiplex networks

Author(s): Wu, H; James, RG; Crutchfield, JP; D'Souza, RM | Abstract: Many natural, engineered and social systems can be represented using the framework of a layered network, where each layer captures a different type of interaction between the same set of nodes. The study of such multiplex networks is a vibrant area of research. Yet, understanding how to quantify the correlations present between pairs of layers, and more so present in their co-evolution, is lacking. Such methods would enable us to address fundamental questions involving issues such as function, redundancy, and potential disruptions. Here, we show first how the edge set of a multiplex network can be used to construct an estimator of a joint probability distribution describing edge existence over all layers. We then adapt an information-theoretic measure of general correlation called the conditional mutual information, which uses the estimated joint probability distribution, to quantify the pairwise correlations present between layers. The pairwise comparisons can also be temporal, allowing us to identify if knowledge of a certain layer can provide additional information about the evolution of another layer. We analyse datasets from three distinct domains-economic, political, and airline networks-to demonstrate how pairwise correlation in structure and dynamical evolution between layers can be identified and show that anomalies can serve as potential indicators of major events such as shocks.
Completeness of open access FluNet influenza surveillance data for Pan-America in 2005–2019

For several decades, the World Health Organization has collected, maintained, and distributed invaluable country-specific disease surveillance data that allow experts to develop new analytical tools for disease tracking and forecasting. To capture the extent of available data within these sources, we proposed a completeness metric based on the effective time series length. Using FluNet records for 29 Pan-American countries from 2005 to 2019, we explored whether completeness was associated with health expenditure indicators adjusting for surveillance system heterogeneity. We observed steady improvements in completeness by 4.2–6.3% annually, especially after the A(H1N1)-2009 pandemic, when 24 countries reached > 95% completeness. Doubling in decadal health expenditure per capita was associated with ~ 7% increase in overall completeness. The proposed metric could navigate experts in assessing open access data quality and quantity for conducting credible statistical analyses, estimating disease trends, and developing outbreak forecasting systems.
Dynamic processes underlying individual differences in moral behavior

Abstract The purpose of this chapter is to (i) review and to organize the individual differences that have been explicitly proposed to explain or describe individual differences in moral behavior, (ii) review the work on dynamics of those individual differences, and (iii) consider the value of the morally exceptional for elucidating such dynamics. Many constructs have been proposed to explain or describe individual differences in moral behavior, but they are scattered across disparate literatures and do not sufficiently inform each other. Organizing these individual differences will bring the various literatures into communication with each other, facilitating work on the dynamic processes underlying such individual differences. We propose that the existing individual differences for explaining or describing moral behavior fall into six distinct categories. These six categories include perception of moral relevance, judgment of correct behavior, affective prompts and inhibitors, identification with morality or others, moral courage and follow-through, and enacted morality. These categories roughly correspond to differing psychological capacities and differing psychological steps in the process of moral behavior. There has been little research on the dynamics underlying these characteristics, but the research that does exist provides great hope that studying the dynamics of these characteristics will produce fascinating discoveries. We believe that studying the morally exceptional will accelerate such discoveries because they reveal a higher concentration of moral processes.
The Business Case for Lunar Ice Mining

The key to human expansion into space and space development, in general, is developing space activities that deliver value in an economic sense. In other words, the key to space development is maki...
Comparison of flunixin pharmacokinetics and milk elimination in healthy cows and cows with mastitis

Flunixin meglumine (FLU) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is labeled for use in dairy cattle for regulation of inflammation in endotoxemia and for the control of pyrexia associated with bovine respiratory disease and acute bovine mastitis at a dose of 1.0 mg/lb (2.2 mg/kg), IV every 24 hours or 0.5 mg/lb (1.1 mg/kg), IV, every 12 hours. The milk withdrawal time for FLU is 36 hours. Currently, FLU is the second most common violative drug residue found in the dairy industry. The reason for the numerous illegal FLU drug residues remains unclear; however, prolonged clearance in cows with mastitis, compared with that in healthy cows is one possible explanation. Cows with mastitis may have prolonged elimination of 5-hydroxy flunixin (5OH), the marker residue for FLU in milk, which results in milk FLU residues greater than the tolerance limit of 2 ppb after 36 hours. The objective of this study was to determine if the pharmacokinetics and milk elimination of FLU and 5OH differed between healthy cows and cows with mastitis.
The Historical Roles of Jihād in Sunnī-Shīʿī Relations

This article provides a taxonomy of the ways in which jihād and jihād propaganda have been used in medieval Islamic history and in modern times within the framework of Sunnī-Shīʿī relations. It ide...
O que promove a participação política? Um estudo de caso com as prostitutas da rua Guaicurus

Prostitutes are among the most vulnerable women in society and, in Brazil, they are mostly blackwomen with low education. Because of this profile, studies about political behavior would predictthat this social group would be less politically active. However, prostitutes’ organizations havegrown and expanded all over Brazil. What has promoted the engagement of these women? Thearticle explores this question through a case study about the political participation of the womenof the Guaicurus Street, located in Belo Horizonte and one of the biggest areas of prostitution ofthe Brazil, with special attention to the Association of Prostitutes of Minas Gerais (APROSMIG).I argue that the participation of prostitutes is explained by the interaction between four factors:collective identity, networks, retributions, and participatory institutions’ designs. I also argue thesefactors constitute three phases of political participation: initiation, maintenance, and expansion.
You can't be Mexican, you talk just like me

Frank Mendez, a child of Mexican immigrants, begins his memoir with the story of his father's harrowing migration from Mexico to Texas in 1920, as he escaped from Zapata's guerrillos, and continues with his story of growing up in northeast Ohio. He recounts the Mendez family's experiences with the Depression; labor issues; racism; their lives in the Lorain, Ohio, barrio; and World War II. Mendez dropped out of high school in 1943 and enlisted in the Marine Corps, where he served twenty-two months in the Pacific theater. When he returned to Lorain, he received his high school diploma, bachelor's and master's degrees, and a professional engineering license. With an easy, engaging style, Mendez deals directly with the matter of personal identity, addressing the issues that confronted him as he tried to sort out his sometimes conflicting Mexican and American heritage. You Can't Be Mexican comments on the social and political issues of the twentieth century and will appeal to those interested in immigrant studies and ethnicity studies and modern social history.
A Graphite Intercalation Compound as Applied to Battery Electrode Materials

An electrochemical cell was made using graphite as electrode materials against a mercury/mercurous selenate reference. The anode Intercalated HSeO4- and the cathode intercalated N2H5+. After one hour of charging at 0.25 mA, the cell emf was 2.45 V. Upon discharge the value dropped to 0.54 V to be recharged for one hour to 2.07 V.
Near-infrared fluorescence heptamethine carbocyanine dyes mediate imaging and targeted drug delivery for human brain tumor.

Abstract Brain tumors and brain metastases are among the deadliest malignancies of all human cancers, largely due to the cellular blood–brain and blood–tumor barriers that limit the delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents from the systemic circulation to tumors. Thus, improved strategies for brain tumor visualization and targeted treatment are critically needed. Here we identified and synthesized a group of near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) heptamethine carbocyanine dyes and derivative NIRF dye-drug conjugates for effective imaging and therapeutic targeting of brain tumors of either primary or metastatic origin in mice, which is mechanistically mediated by tumor hypoxia and organic anion-transporting polypeptide genes. We also demonstrate that these dyes, when conjugated to chemotherapeutic agents such as gemcitabine, significantly restricted the growth of both intracranial glioma xenografts and prostate tumor brain metastases and prolonged survival in mice. These results show promise in the application of NIRF dyes as novel theranostic agents for the detection and treatment of brain tumors.
Determinants of Gi1α and βγ Binding MEASURING HIGH AFFINITY INTERACTIONS IN A LIPID ENVIRONMENT USING FLOW CYTOMETRY

Abstract G protein heterocomplex undergoes dissociation and association during its functional cycle. Quantitative measurements of α and βγ subunit binding have been difficult due to a very high affinity. We used fluorescence flow cytometry to quantitate binding of fluorescein-labeled Gi1α (F-α) to picomolar concentrations of biotinylated Gβγ. Association in Lubrol solution was rapid (k on = 0.7 × 106 m −1 s−1), and equilibrium binding revealed a K d of 2.9 ± 0.8 nm. The binding showed a complex dependence on magnesium concentration, but activation of F-α with either GDP/aluminum fluoride or guanosine 5′-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) completely prevented formation of the heterocomplex (K d > 100 nm). The binding was also influenced by the detergent or lipid environment. Unlabeled βγ reconstituted in biotinylated phospholipid vesicles (pure phosphatidylcholine or mixed brain lipids) bound F-α ∼2–3-fold less tightly (K d = 6–9 nm) than in Lubrol. In contrast, βγ in ionic detergents such as cholate and 3-[(cholamidopropyl)diethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate exhibited substantially lower affinities for F-α. Dissociation of F-α from βγ reconstituted in lipid vesicles was observed upon addition of aluminum fluoride or excess unlabeled α subunit, indicating that myristoylated α subunit has only a weak interaction with lipids without the βγ subunit. The kinetics of aluminum fluoride-stimulated dissociation were slower than those of the α subunit conformational change detected by intrinsic fluorescence. These results quantitatively demonstrate G protein subunit dissociation upon activation and provide a simple but powerful new approach for studying high affinity protein/protein interactions in solution or in a lipid environment.
Increased Hippocampal Blood Flow in Sedentary Older Adults at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease

Resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) decreases with age; however regulatory increases in hippocampal CBF have been associated with genetic risk (Apolipoprotein E [APOE] e4 carriers) for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although physical activity exerts beneficial effects on CBF in healthy elderly, the effects of sedentary behaviors on CBF remain unknown. We measured resting hippocampal CBF (via arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging) and sedentary time/physical activity (via accelerometry) on 33 cognitively healthy adults (ages 52-81), 9 of which were APOE e4 carriers. Results indicate that the relationship between sedentary time and CBF in the left hippocampus differs by APOE status, whereby APOE e4 carriers show higher CBF as a function of longer sedentary time (B = 10.8, SE = 3.17, β = 0.74, t = 3.41, p < 0.01) compared to noncarriers (B = 1.4, SE = 2.7, β = 0.096, t = 0.51, p = 0.61), possibly suggesting a CBF regulatory response to compensate for metabolic alterations in dementia risk. These preliminary data suggest that the relationship between CBF and sedentary time is different in APOE e4 carriers and noncarriers and that sedentary time may act as a behavioral risk factor for CBF dysregulation in those at genetic risk for developing AD. More research is needed to further understand the role of sedentary behaviors and physical activity on CBF, especially in individuals at genetic risk of developing AD.
Midline serotonergic neurones contribute to widespread synchronized activity in embryonic mouse hindbrain.

Spontaneous, synchronous activity occurs in motor neurones of the embryonic mouse hindbrain at the stage when rhombomeric segmentation disappears (embryonic day 11.5). The mechanisms generating and synchronizing the activity, however, and the extent to which it is widespread in the hindbrain, are unknown. We show here that spontaneous activity is initiated in the midline of the hindbrain, and propagates laterally to encompass virtually the entire hindbrain synchronously and bilaterally. Separation of the midline region from lateral regions abolishes or slows activity laterally, but not medially. The early differentiating neurones of the midline raphe system are present in the rostral midline and express serotonin at E11.5. Their axons ramify extensively in the marginal zone, cross the midline, and extend at the midline both rostrally into the midbrain and caudally towards the caudal hindbrain. Blockers of serotonin receptors, specifically the 5-HT2A receptor, abolish synchronous activity in the hindbrain, while blockers of other neurotransmitter systems, including GABA and glutamate, do not. In addition, the 5-HT2A receptor is expressed in the marginal regions in the entire medial-to-lateral extent of the hindbrain and in the midline commissural region. Thus, the serotonergic neurones of the developing midline raphe system may play a role in initiating and propagating spontaneous synchronous activity throughout the hindbrain.
Examining play among young children in single-age and multi-age preschool classroom settings

Examining Play Among Young Children in Single-age and Multi-age Preschool Classroom Settings by Mia Song Youhne Dr. Nancy Sileo, Examination Committee Chair Associate Professor of Special Education University of Nevada, Las Vegas Advocates for multi-age classrooms claim multi-age groupings benefit children (Brynes, Shuster, & Jones, 1994). Currently, there is a lack of research examining play among students in multi-age classrooms. If indeed there is a positive benefit of play among children, research is needed to examine these behaviors among and between young children in single-age and multi-age classrooms. The purpose of this study was to determine if young children benefit from increased play opportunities. This qualitative study utilized observations, interviews, and questionnaires to gather data from teachers, parents, and children regarding play interactions in both single-age and multi-age classrooms. The intent of this study was to provide a rationale for why multi-age programs should be developed or continued. Participants in this study included teachers and parents who completed questionnaires and children who participated in video taped observations and interviews. This study took place in a fully inclusive early childhood center. Observations of the play engagements of children were video taped in both the indoor and outdoor sandbox settings. During the five weeks of video taping, 281 play segments were recorded resulting in 1549 occurrences of play. Based on the play observations, it appeared that young children in multi-age classrooms engaged in more than one type of play more frequently than young children in single-age classrooms. Further, young children in multi-age classrooms initiated play more frequently. However, typically developing young children in multi-age classrooms did not initiate play with young children with disabilities more frequently than typically developing young children in single-age classrooms. The interviews with children indicated that young children were aware of their own play interactions. Based on the data collected from the questionnaires of teachers and parents, it appeared these two groups had similar views of the value of play and believed it to be developmentally appropriate and a critical learning process. Professionals in the field of early childhood education should consider the results of this study when designing, developing, and implementing single and multi-age programs for young children with and without disabilities. Moreover, professionals should consider the impact of play on the development of young children when designing curricula.
ROLE OF THE H HELIX IN HEPARIN BINDING TO PROTEIN C INHIBITOR

Abstract Protein C inhibitor (PCI) is a plasma serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) that is a major physiological regulator of activated protein C. Inhibition of its target proteinase is accelerated by heparin in a reaction that involves the binding of both inhibitor and proteinase to heparin to form a ternary complex. This study was undertaken to understand the role of the H helix region (residues 264-278) of PCI in heparin binding and used (i) a recombinant truncated PCI fusion protein of the first 294 residues, (ii) H helix synthetic peptides containing single Arg/Lys-->Glu substitutions, and (iii) site-directed Ala mutagenesis of 4 basic residues (Arg-269, Lys-270, Lys-276, and Lys-277) in the H helix region of full-length recombinant PCI (rPCI) expressed in Baculovirus. The PCI fusion protein interfered in heparin-accelerated PCI-proteinase inhibition reactions, and it bound to heparin-Sepharose. Compared to the wild-type PCI fusion protein, deletion of the H helix from the fusion protein resulted in a reduction of both heparin-Sepharose binding and the ability to compete for heparin during PCI-proteinase inhibition reactions. Competition assays with H helix synthetic peptides revealed that the R269E altered peptide was the least effective at blocking heparin-catalyzed PCI-proteinase inhibition reactions. Compared with full-length active wild-type rPCI, R269A: K270A and K276A:K277A rPCI both had reduced heparin-Sepharose binding, but only R269A:K270A rPCI showed a loss of heparin-accelerated proteinase inhibition for both activated protein C and thrombin. We conclude that a major heparin-binding site of PCI is the H helix, unlike its heparin-binding serpin homologues antithrombin and heparin cofactor II, which bind heparin primarily through the D helix.
The Paradox of Inclusion: Social Citizenship and Active Labor Market Policies

This paper deals with "welfare" in the U.S., the program primarily for poor single mothers and their families, and "workfare" in Western Europe, the "active labor market" policies that deal primarily with the long-term unemployed, lone parents, the unemployed youth, immigrants, and other vulnerable groups, usually lumped together as the "socially excluded." I explore the ideologies that have led to these changes comparing different views of social citizenship. The Western Europeans argue that their changes, although they resemble the American changes in some respects, are fundamentally different both in ideology and in practice. I raise questions about those claims. As others have pointed out, the move towards "workfare" in Western Europe represents a fundamental change in both the meaning of social citizenship and the administration of welfare. The active move to include the socially excluded inevitably involves selectivity. These programs make significant new demands on field-level administration. The paper concludes with suggestions for accountability and protection.
Shearography with Synchronized Pressure Stressing

Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques of optical video-based speckle interferometry are gaining importance as inspection tools, particularly by the aerospace industry [1,2]. An optical technique such as shearography is attractive to the NDE community largely because of its non-contacting nature, full-field measurement and fast inspection results. However, in order for this optical interferometric method to become widely used as an NDE tool, this technique must be made to be robust enough to operate in noisy environments typically found in industry settings. In this paper, we address these issues for the case of detection of disbonds using shearography in conjunction with synchronized pressure stressing.
Expression and Purification of GST Fusion Proteins

This unit describes the use of the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) gene fusion system as a method for high-level protein expression and purification from bacterial lysates. Several pGEX vectors are available with multiple cloning sites to allow for unidirectional insertion of the coding-region DNA into the pGEX vector. The GST fusion protein is easily purified by affinity chromatography using a glutathione-Sepharose matrix under mild conditions. Removal of the GST moiety from the protein of interest is accomplished through a specific protease cleavage site located between the GST moiety and the recombinant polypeptide. For solution digestions, GST is easily removed by a second round of chromatography on the glutathione column. Removal of proteases is facilitated by the use of a benzamidine-Sepharose column or a gel-filtration step. Purified protein has been used successfully in structural determinations, immunological studies, vaccine production, and structure-function analysis of protein-protein or DNA-protein interactions.
Timber Harvester Perceptions of Costs and Benefits from Applying Water Quality BMPs in North-central USA

Forestry Best Management Practices (BMPs) prevent or minimize the impact of forestry operations on water quality. Relatively little is known about the net financial effect to timber harvesters from applying water quality BMPs. A survey of Minnesota timber harvesters found them to be well acquainted and willing to comply with the states water quality BMP program. Although the BMP program was officially implemented in 1990, many practices were apparently being widely applied prior to the programs initiation. These practices were probably already providing important financial benefits to timber harvesters. From 1990 through 1994, however, most timber harvesters (75 percent) reported increased costs associated with applying 40 individual water quality BMPs. Only 16 percent reported financial gains from applying the individual BMPs. When looking at the net financial effect across all 40 BMPs studied, 87 percent reported a net increase in costs from applying those practices. A number of recommendations are provided to assist BMP policy makers, program designers, and educators.
A comparative study of the alkaline disassembly of two strains of tobacco mosaic virus

Abstract Exposure of tobacco (Tb) and tomato (Tm) isolates of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) to dilute alkaline solutions (pH > 8.0) at 0° results in disassembly of the virus particles. Over the range of pH and NaCl concentration studied, Tm-TMV was more sensitive to alkaline conditions than was Tb-TMV. Kinetic analysis demonstrates that both isolates disassemble in a stepwise manner and that each produces six major intermediate-size particles.
This is jeopardy! An exciting approach to learning in library instruction

Purpose – This paper aims to focus on the usefulness of a library version of the popular television show Jeopardy as an active learning technique for library instruction.Design/methodology/approach – The review considers the effectiveness of Library Jeopardy as an active learning technique in one‐shot library instruction.Findings – The benefits arising from the use of Library Jeopardy in the classroom are: it motivates students to actively participate in class and assume more responsibility for learning; it reinforces students' learning of information literacy concepts previously taught, and it adds variety to class sessions by providing a fun environment for instructor and students alike.Practical implications – The focus on a game such as Library Jeopardy demonstrates that instruction librarians can reap the benefits of using this active learning technique as an additional mode of instruction.Originality/value – This paper aids the discussion that educational games can be used as an active learning tech...
The BRENDA model: a psychosocial addiction model to identify and treat alcohol disorders in elders.

Abstract Studies have shown that up to 10% of the elderly drink daily and as much as 4% have alcoholism. Although many elders visit a primary care provider, the problem frequently is overlooked or misdiagnosed. We have found that primary care-based nursing is an effective treatment for older adults with alcoholism. In this article, we introduce the BRENDA model and show its effectiveness in retaining older adults in treatment. BRENDA involves biopsychosocial assessment, reporting the assessment to the patient, an empathetic approach, identified and stated patient needs, direct advice to stop or decrease alcohol consumption, and assessment of the compliance with or outcome of the direct advice. We also describe the utility of the BRENDA model for the pharmacotherapeutic treatment of addiction in late life. (Geriatr Nurs 1999;20:302-4)
The enduring relevance of Wachtel's “Investigation and its discontents”

Abstract Wachtel's [Wachtel, P. L. (1980). Investigation and its discontents: Some constraints on progress in psychological research. American Psychologist, 35 , 399–408] essay “Investigation and its discontents” is as relevant today as when first published. Wachtel rightly defends the value of full-time theoretical inquiry, but his concerns about the adverse effects of an emphasis on productivity may be unwarranted.
Effect of Destruction of the Dorsal Anterior Hypothalamus on Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Secretion in the Rat

The role of the paraventricular nucleus-dorsal anterior hypothalamus (PVN-DAHA) in the control of anterior pituitary gland secretion of FSH and LH in castrated male and female rats was examined. Bilateral radiofrequency lesions of the PVN-DAHA in chronically ovariectomized (OVX) rats lowered plasma FSH levels by 33%(P < 0.005) compared to values in unoperated and sham-operated control rats; plasma LH concentrations were unaltered. RIA of median eminence (ME) LHRH concentrations in these animals revealed no differences among the three experimental groups. Other categories of diencephalic destruction did not result in this pattern of selectively reduced FSH release. Bilateral radiofrequency destruction of the PVN-DAHA also attenuated by 50%(P < 0.025 to P < 0.005) the progesterone-induced surge of FSH in estrogen-primed OVX rats. Progesterone-induced LH release was unaffected by PVNDAHA lesions. Other lesion categories failed to show the same result. Bilateral ablation of the PVN-DAHA in male rats resulted ...
Nonionizing Radiation Hazards

Abstract This paper summarizes biophysical and bioengineering studies of biological hazards which may result from exposure to microwaves. Various phases of this study include: determination of the electrical characteristics of body tissues; determination of microwave and membrane characteristics; studies of a variety of electromechanical phenomena which can be evoked by RF fields; investigations of the mode of propagation of microwaves into man and animals, including absorption and reflectance characteristics and radar cross-section of man. One outcome of this work is a standard of safe exposure which is presently accepted in most Western countries.
Letramento metamidiático: transformando significados e mídias

RESUMO: Toda semiotica e semiotica multimidiatica e todo letramento e letramento multimidiatico. Aanalise da semiotica multimidiatica me levou a refazer algumas perguntas antigas de maneiras novas e acomecar a olhar para a historia da escrita, do desenho, do calculo e da mostra visual de imagens em umaperspectiva diferente. Faz um bom tempo que as tecnologias do letramento nao sao tao simples quanto acaneta, a tinta e o papel. E na era da imprensa, assim como antes dela, o letramento raramente esteveatrelado de forma estrita ao texto escrito. Muitos dos generos do letramento, do artigo da revista popularao relatorio de pesquisa cientifica, combinam imagens visuais e texto impresso em formas que tornam asreferencias entre eles essenciais para entende-los do modo como o fazem seus leitores e autores regulares.Nenhuma tecnologia e uma ilha. Conforme nossas tecnologias se tornam mais complexas, elas se tornamsituadas em redes mais amplas e longas de outras tecnologias e de outras praticas culturais.Palavras chave: letramento multimidiatico; letramento metamidiatico; semiotica multimidiatica.ABSTRACT: All semiotics is multimedia semiotics, and all literacy is multimedia literacy. Analyzingmultimedia semiotics has led me to ask some old questions in new ways and to begin to see the history ofwriting, drawing, calculating, and displaying images visually in a different light. It’s been a long time sincethe technologies of literacy were as simple as pen, ink, and paper; and in the era of print, as before,literacy has rarely meant verbal text alone. Many of the genres of literacy, from the popular magazinearticle to the scientific research report, combine visual images and printed text in ways that make cross-reference between them essential to understanding them as their regular readers and writers do. Notechnology is an island. As our technologies become more complex they find themselves situated in largerand longer networks of other technologies and other cultural practicesKeywords: multimedia literacy; metamedia literacy; multimedia semiotics.
Decreased cortical glucose utilization after ibotenate lesion of the rat ventromedial globus pallidus.

Rats received unilateral injections of ibotenic acid (12 μg) or vehicle in the ventromedial globus pallidus to lesion the primary source of cortical cholinergic innervation. At 3 or 28–32 days postinjection, the regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRglu) was measured by the 2-deoxy-d-[14C]glucose technique in nine cortical areas, the anterior thalamus, and the dorsal hippocampus. Effects of oxotremorine (0.1 mg/kg i.p.) on rCMRglu in these areas were assessed in ibotenic acid–lesioned and sham-treated rats. Significant effects of ibotenic acid injections and hemispheric asymmetries in rCMRglu were observed in all cortical areas (p ≤ 0.05), but not in the anterior thalamus or hippocampus. Cortical rCMRglu generally was lower in the lesioned hemisphere 3 days after ibotenic acid injections, but not after sham treatments. Hemispheric asymmetries were not apparent 28–32 days after pallidal lesions. Oxotremorine produced significant effects in the frontoparietal cortex and anterior thalamic nuclei....
Characterizing relaxation dynamics in multi-chiral carbon nanotube ensembles

We measured ultrafast relaxation in a deliberately heterogeneous ensemble of carbon nanotubes. Complex differential transmission signatures revealed competition between ground state bleaching and excited state absorption from nanotubes of different chiralities.
The management of psychosis in movement disorder patients

Psychosis may be seen with several movement disorders. As pharmacological treatments can sometimes worsen movement disorders, psychosis in these situations can be complex for clinicians to manage. This review covers the management of psychosis in three different movement disorders: Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and Huntington’s disease.
Fixed winding number and the quasiperiodic route to chaos in a convective fluid.

We present an experimental observation of the transition to chaos for quasiperiodic routes of fixed winding number. The hydrodynamical system studied is a Rayleigh-B\'enard experiment in mercury, in a time-dependent state with one limit cycle. A second oscillator is imposed by an accurrent. We have measured the fractal dimension of the locked regions at the critical curve as well as the scaling properties associated with two different irrational winding numbers, to which the system was tuned. Our results agree with quantitative theoretical predictions based on the circle map.
Development and Validation of a High-Throughput Screening Assay for Human Long-Chain Fatty Acid Transport Proteins 4 and 5

Dietary long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) uptake across cell membranes is mediated principally by fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs). Six subtypes of this transporter are differentially expressed throughout the human and rodent body. To facilitate drugs discovery against FATP subtypes, the authors used mammalian cell lines stably expressing the recombinant human FATP4 and 5 and developed a high-throughput screening (HTS) assay using a 96-well fluorometric imaging plate reader (FLIPR). LCFA uptake signal-to-background ratios were between 3- and 5-fold. Two 4-aryl-dihydropyrimidinones, j3 and j5, produced inhibition of FATP4 with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 0.21 and 0.63 microM, respectively, and displayed approximately 100-fold selectivity over FATP5. The US Drug Collection library was screened against the FATP5. A hit rate of around 0.4% was observed with a Z' factor of 0.6 +/- 0.2. Two confirmed hits are bile acids, chenodiol and ursodiol with an IC(50) of 2.4 and 0.22 microM, respectively. To increase throughput, a single time point measurement in a 384-well format was developed using the Analyst HT, and the results are comparable with the 96-well format. In conclusion, the FATP4 and 5 cell-based fluorescence assays are suitable for a primary drug screen, whereas differentiated cell lines are useful for a secondary drug screen.
Fundamental theoretical bias in gravitational wave astrophysics and the parametrized post-Einsteinian framework

We consider the concept of fundamental bias in gravitational wave astrophysics as the assumption that general relativity is the correct theory of gravity during the entire wave-generation and propagation regime. Such an assumption is valid in the weak field, as verified by precision experiments and observations, but it need not hold in the dynamical strong-field regime where tests are lacking. Fundamental bias can cause systematic errors in the detection and parameter estimation of signals, which can lead to a mischaracterization of the Universe through incorrect inferences about source event rates and populations. We propose a remedy through the introduction of the parametrized post-Einsteinian framework, which consists of the enhancement of waveform templates via the inclusion of post-Einsteinian parameters. These parameters would ostensibly be designed to interpolate between templates constructed in general relativity and well-motivated alternative theories of gravity, and also include extrapolations that follow sound theoretical principles, such as consistency with conservation laws and symmetries. As an example, we construct parametrized post-Einsteinian templates for the binary coalescence of equal-mass, nonspinning compact objects in a quasicircular inspiral. The parametrized post-Einsteinian framework should allow matched filtered data to select a specific set of post-Einsteinian parameters without a priori assuming the validity of the former, thus either verifying general relativity or pointing to possible dynamical strong-field deviations.
Driving of axial acoustic waves by side-wall stabilized premixed flames

The mechanisms responsible for the driving of axial acoustic waves in a duct by a premixed, flat flame, stabilized on a side wall of the duct have been investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Measurements included acoustic pressures, burner surface admittances, and distributions of the temperature and heat release rates within the flame region. These revealed that the reaction rate oscillates with the frequency of the acoustic wave and that it possesses a spatial distribution which exhibits a large and a small peak upstream and downstream of the flat flame location, respectively. It is shown in the paper that the investigated flame driving is acoustically equivalent to that provided by a combination of a monopole and a dipole acoustic sources. These findings are in agreement with the predictions of the developed flame model which show that the flame driving is caused by the oscillation of the flame front relative to the duct side wall, caused by its interaction with the acoustic field. These newly uncovered flame driving mechanisms are believed to also play a role in solid propellant rocket motor instabilities where flame oscillations relative to the propellant surface will produce an oscillatory heat transfer to the propellant. This, in turn, will result in an oscillatory surface regression rate capable of driving the instability inside the rocket motor.
Voyager 1 near the Heliopause

Recent observations from the Voyager 1 spacecraft show that it is sampling the local interstellar medium (LISM). This is quite surprising because no realistic, steady-state model of the solar wind (SW) interaction with the LISM gives an inner heliosheath width as narrow as ~30 AU. This includes models that assume a strong redistribution of the ion energy to the tails in the pickup ion distribution function. We show that the heliopause (HP), which separates the SW from the LISM, is not a smooth tangential discontinuity, but rather a surface subject to Rayleigh-Taylor-type instabilities which can result in LISM material penetration deep inside the SW. We also show that the HP flanks are always subject to a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. The instabilities are considerably suppressed near the HP nose by the heliospheric magnetic field in steady-state models, but reveal themselves in the presence of solar cycle effects. We argue that Voyager 1 may be in one such instability region and is therefore observing plasma densities much higher than those in the pristine SW. These results may explain the early penetration of Voyager 1 into the LISM. They also show that there is a possibility that the spacecraft may start sampling the SW again before it finally leaves the heliosphere.
Singular manifolds and quasi-periodic solutions of Hamiltonians for vortex lattices

Abstract A general method for establishing the existence of quasi-periodic solutions of Hamiltonian systems for vortex lattices is illustrated in a simple example involving two degrees of freedom. The geometry of intersecting singular manifolds of the Hamiltonians introduces suitable canonical transformations which put the Hamiltonian into the form of singular weakly coupled oscillators. As by-products of this procedure, additional integrals of motion are found for the leading term in the transformed Hamiltonian. These extra integrals are approximate invariants for the full Hamiltonians.