cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of moisture on the preparation, crystal structure, and photophysical properties of organohalide perovskites

The effect of preparing lead-based organohalide perovskites under inert conditions has been investigated. We find that when prepared under anhydrous conditions, only poorly crystalline powders were obtained. On exposure to small amounts of moisture a rapid crystallization into the expected cubic unit cell for CH3NH3PbBr3 and tetragonal cell for CH3NH3PbI3 is observed. While the as-prepared iodide phase is non-emissive, the lifetime of the emission for the bromide is found to be much longer when prepared under atmospheric conditions.
Suppression of GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle of rats that are obese from high fat feeding but not from high carbohydrate feeding or genetic obesity

In this study we determined whether alterations in the expression of GLUT4, the major insulin-regulatable glucose transporter, in skeletal muscle could explain the insulin-resistant glucose uptake characteristic of both dietary-induced and genetic obesity. GLUT1 expression was measured for comparison. To assess glucose transporter protein levels in dietary-induced obesity, postnuclear membranes were prepared from hindlimb muscle of Sprague-Dawley rats fed chow ad libitum (control), a high calorie/carbohydrate diet, or a high fat (80%) diet for 7 weeks. Immunoblotting revealed that GLUT4 protein levels decreased 34% in high fat-fed rats, but were unaltered in high calorie/carbohydrate-fed obese rats compared to control values. GLUT4 mRNA per DNA decreased 47% in muscle of high fat-fed rats compared to that in control or high calorie-fed rats; GLUT1 mRNA was reduced 31%, and actin mRNA tended to decrease (29%). To assess GLUT4 and GLUT1 expression in genetic obesity, similar studies were carried out in 5- a...
Medicine: politic stem cells.

Research on embryonic stem cells holds huge promise for understanding and treating disease. Many people oppose such research on religious and ethical grounds, but two new methods may bypass some of these objections.
RADARSAT processing system at ASF

RADARSAT is a Canadian polar orbiting remote sensing satellite launched in November 1995. Its only instrument is a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) that is capable of operating in a number of imaging modes, including the first operational ScanSAR in space. As one of the data reception, processing, and archive facilities for RADARSAT data, the Alaska SAR Facility (ASF) has responded to its science users by establishing a RADARSAT processing system to handle the data processing of all RADARSAT modes. This paper outlines the ASF RADARSAT data processing requirements as driven by the science users and describes the RADARSAT processing system design and implementation approach to meet the challenge of providing ASF with an integrated operational SAR image production facility. Design and implementation attributes that facilitate system growth in handling future SAR missions such as Envisat and HIROS are also addressed.
Ethics and Academic Integrity

Academics from across the globe must navigate ever-increasing demands for research, practice, and educational productivity. With the increased demands, nurse faculty must choose value priorities and actions that reflect academic integrity. What does it mean to choose actions that reflect personal integrity in the academic arena? This article begins an important nursing philosophical and theoretical discussion that members and future members of the discipline of nursing must reflect upon and grapple with as they consider what it potentially means to act with straight thinking and integrity in academics.
SECTION OF BIOPHYSICS: THIN FILM ELECTRON PROBE‐ELECTRON MICROSCOPE MICROANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN BIOMATERIALS STUDIES*

Electron microscope-thin film microprobe techniques in biomaterial studies of chemical segregation, species diffusion and small particle analysis
A Large-Droplet Mode and Prognostic Number Concentration of Cloud Droplets in the Colorado State University Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). Part I: Module Descriptions and Supercell Test Simulations

Abstract The microphysics module of the version of the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) maintained at Colorado State University has undergone a series of improvements, including the addition of a large-cloud-droplet mode from 40 to 80 μm in diameter and the prognostic number concentration of cloud droplets through activation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and giant CCN (GCCN). The large-droplet mode was included to represent the dual modes of cloud droplets that often appear in nature. The activation of CCN is parameterized through the use of a Lagrangian parcel model that considers ambient cloud conditions for the nucleation of cloud droplets from aerosol. These new additions were tested in simulations of a supercell thunderstorm initiated from a warm, moist bubble. Model response was explored in regard to the microphysics sensitivity to the large-droplet mode, number concentrations of CCN and GCCN, size distributions of these nuclei, and the presence of nuclei sources and sinks.
Myosatellite cells, growth and regeneration in murine dystrophic muscle: a quantitative study

Patterns of growth and regeneration in 2-, 4-, 8-, and 17-week-old murine dystrophic (129 ReJ dy/dy) extensor digitorum longus muscles have been determined. Necrosis and myofiber loss, hypertrophy, and regeneration result in a reduced population of myofibers whose diameter distribution is more extensive than that found in the extensor digitorum longus muscles of age-matched normal mice. At the onset of dystrophic symptoms (2 weeks postnatal), the ratio of myosatellite cell nuclei to the total sublaminal nuclear population (myonuclei + myosatellite cells) is similar to that found in 2-week-old control muscles. The frequency of finding myosatellite cells decreases with age in both control and dystrophic muscles. Myosatellite cells account for 11%, 6%, 5%, and 3% of the total sublaminal nuclear population in control muscle and 12%, 8%, 6%, and 5% of the total sublaminal nuclear population in dystrophic muscle at 2, 4, 8, and 17 weeks, respectively. No preferential association of myosatellite cells with myofibers of a particular diameter is found in control muscle or in the two youngest dystrophic groups. At 8 and 17 weeks, myosatellite cells are less frequently encountered on small-diameter, regenerating myofibers of dystrophic muscle, and they are preferentially associated with large diameter, hypertrophied myofibers. The labeling index of myosatellite cells decreases with age in both normal and dystrophic muscle. At all ages the myosatellite cell labeling index is higher in dystrophic muscle (23%, 7%, 5%, and 2% at 2, 4, 8, and 17 weeks, respectively) than in normal muscle (5%, less than 1% at 2 and 4 weeks, respectively), with no labeled myosatellite cells being found in 8- and 17-week-old normal muscles. It is suggested that the magnitude of the regenerative response of dystrophic murine muscle decreases with age and that this factor may be responsible for the inability of the regenerative response of dystrophic muscle to keep pace with the rapid muscle deterioration.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for tinnitus.

Key-words. Hyperbaric oxygenation; tinnitus Abstract. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for tinnitus. Objective: To assess the effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on tinnitus. Methodology: A Medline search from 1960-2007 yielding 22 studies. Results: No significant effect could be demonstrated in four prospective studies. Retrospective studies indicate greater improvement in tinnitus in acute cases (49-85%) compared with tinnitus episodes exceeding three months (34-38%). One study, however, showed significantly more improvement in patients with positive expectations before therapy (60.3%) compared with those with negative expectations (19%). Conclusions: There are no significant data about the effect of hyperbaric oxygenation for tinnitus, but there are indica- tions of a better effect in acute cases. However, a major psychological component and a low risk of enhancement of the tinnitus should be considered.
Benefits of the Business College Internship: A Research Review

The authors explore the research findings regarding the effectiveness of business internships on several issues: enhanced employment opportunities, realistic expectations of interns, satisfaction with the internship experience, internship prerequisites, and internship mentoring. Overall, the internship experience was found to be beneficial.
Use of sonomicrometry and multidimensional scaling to determine the three-dimensional coordinates of multiple cardiac locations: feasibility and initial implementation

The authors describe a new method which uses sonomicrometry and the statistical technique of multidimensional scaling (MDS) to measure the three-dimensional (3D) coordinates of multiple cardiac locations. The authors refer to this new method as sonomicrometry array localization (SAL). The new method differs from standard sonomicrometry in that each piezoelectric transducer element is used as both transmitter and receiver and the set of intertransducer element distances is measured. MDS calculates the 3D coordinates of each sonomicrometry transducer element from the set of intertransducer element distances. The feasibility of this new method was tested with mathematical simulations which demonstrated the ability of MDS to compensate for signal error and missing intertransducer element distances. The authors describe the design elements of a modified digitally controlled sonomicrometer in which a single transducer element can sequentially broadcast to as many as 8 receiver elements. That design is used to validate SAL in a water bath and in ex vivo and living hearts. Correlation with caliper measurement in the water bath (y int.=3.91/spl plusmn/3.36 min, slope=1.04/spl plusmn/0.05, r/sup 2/=0.969/spl plusmn/0.027) and with radiography in ex vivo (y int.=-0.87/spl plusmn/0.92 mm, slope=0.97/spl plusmn/0.02, r/sup 2/=0.960/spl plusmn/0.023) and in vivo hearts (y int.=2.98/spl plusmn/2.59 mm, slope=1.01/spl plusmn/0.06, r/sup 2/=0.953/spl plusmn/0.031) was excellent. Sonomicrometry array localization is able to accurately measure the 3D coordinates of multiple cardiac locations. It can potentially measure myocardial deformation and remodeling after ischemic or valvular injury. >
Why Is the Educational Gradient of Mortality Steeper for Men

the educational gradient of mortality within the context of marriage. We disaggregate the gradients by marital status because education and marital status are fundamental determinants of life chances, and the association each has with mortality may depend on the presence of the other. We begin by formally testing for gender differences in the gradient between non-Hispanic White men and women 55 years of age and older. Where differences exist, we examine leading causes of death to evaluate the role of health behaviors that may have contributed to those differences. We also evaluate the possibility that the steeper gradient among men refl ects a disproportionate infl uence of their education on household resources and health.
High mammographic breast density is independent predictor of local but not distant recurrence after lumpectomy and radiotherapy for invasive breast cancer.

Purpose Biologically meaningful predictors for locoregional recurrence (LRR) in patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and radiotherapy (RT) are lacking. Tissue components, including extracellular matrix, could confer resistance to ionizing radiation. Fibroglandular and extracellular matrix components of breast tissue relative to adipose tissue can be quantified by the mammographic breast density (MBD), the proportion of dense area relative to the total breast area on mammography. We hypothesized that the MBD might be a predictor of LRR after BCS and RT for invasive breast cancer. Methods and Materials We conducted a nested case-control study of 136 women with invasive breast cancer who had undergone BCS and RT and had had the MBD ascertained before, or at, diagnosis. Women with known recurrence were matched to women without recurrence by year of diagnosis. The median follow-up was 7.7 years. The percentage of MBD was measured using a computer-based threshold method. Results Patients with a high MBD (≥75% density) vs. low (≤25%) were at increased risk of LRR (hazard ratio, 4.30; 95% confidence interval, 0.88–021.0; p = 0.071) but not distant recurrence. In addition, we found a complete inverse correlation between high MBD and obesity (body mass index, ≥30 kg/m 2 ). In a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, patients with MBD in the greatest quartile were at significantly greater risk of LRR (hazard ratio, 6.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.6–27.7; p = 0.01). Obesity without a high MBD also independently predicted for LRR (hazard ratio, 19.3; 95% confidence interval, 4.5–81.7; p Conclusion The results of our study have shown that a high MBD and obesity are significant independent predictors of LRR after BCS and RT for invasive breast cancer. Additional studies are warranted to validate these findings.
PACKING TECHNOLOGY FOR FRESH AND MINIMALLY PROCESSED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Flexible plastic packaging in the fresh produce industry has functioned in the past to facilitate product handling and provide brand identification. Greater emphasis on freshness and product quality has resulted in a re-evaluation of plastic for fresh and minimally processed products. Polyvinylchloride, used primarily for overwrapping, and polyethylene, used for bags, have been the most popular films, but co-extrusion technology has provided a means of controlling gas transmission rates. Individual film wrapping represents a rediscovery of an old technique that has applications in prevention of shrinkage and altering of ripening patterns. Modified atmosphere packaging and value added products represent other new technologies that use packaging to extend shelf-life.
MONSTROUS FISHES AND THE MEAD–DARK SEA: Whaling in the Medieval North Atlantic. By Vicki Ellen Szabo

(2011). Monstrous Fishes and the Mead–Dark Sea: Whaling in the Medieval North Atlantic. By Vicki Ellen Szabo. Geographical Review: Vol. 101, No. 4, pp. 606-608.
Phase-to-ground switching transients in EHV systems

The author outlines the effects of unequal pole closure of circuit breakers on the magnitudes of phase-to-ground overvoltages. A model of a short section of a 500 kV line is used. Results show that the mean value of the phase-to-ground voltage increases in both directions away from the zero switching angle where it shows a minimum. The minimum is more distinct in the case of sequential switching than in the simultaneous switching mode. Risk of insulation failure is calculated for both modes of switching. Although the mean values of phase-to-ground overvoltages are less with sequential switching, higher risks of failure are encountered. This is due to the increased scatter in overvoltages indicated by their standard deviation. >
Ecology of Cambarus dubius (Upland Burrowing Crayfish) in North-Central West Virginia

Abstract The ecology of primary burrowing crayfishes is poorly understood, especially for high-elevation species. An ecological study of Cambarus (Jugicambarus) dubius (Upland Burrowing Crayfish) was conducted at Terra Alta, Preston County, WV (elevation 781 m). The study sought life-history information including size at sexual maturity, age cohort designation, and age estimation. The density and distribution of burrow portals of C. dubius were examined within and near seeps in forested and disturbed habitats. Data were also collected on intraspecific usage of burrows by commensal species. Size at maturity did not differ significantly for males and females. The average age of C. dubius was 1.5 years, and the oldest individuals were estimated at 7 years. Form change of C. dubius occurred synchronously within the population, a phenomenon not previously documented with primary burrowing Cambarus. Burrow portals had highest densities within 5 m of the center of seeps in forested habitats, but reached highest ...
Olanzapine Versus Placebo in Adolescents With Schizophrenia: A 6-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Abstract Objective To assess olanzapine's efficacy and tolerability in adolescents with schizophrenia. Method One hundred seven inpatient and outpatient adolescents (olanzapine, n = 72, mean age 16.1 years; placebo, n = 35, mean age 16.3 years) with schizophrenia participated in this randomized (2:1), international, multisite, industry-sponsored trial. All patients met DSM-IV-TR criteria for schizophrenia, and they were treated for up to 6 weeks with flexible doses of olanzapine (2.5–20.0 mg/day) or placebo. Last-observation-carried-forward mean changes from baseline to endpoint on the anchored version of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale for Children, Clinical Global Impression Scale-Severity of Illness, and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were assessed. Results More olanzapine-treated versus placebo-treated patients completed the trial (68.1% versus 42.9%, p = .020). Compared with placebo-treated patients, olanzapine-treated adolescents had significantly greater improvement in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale for Children total ( p = .003), Clinical Global Impressions Scale-Severity of Illness ( p = .004), PANSS total ( p = .005), and PANSS positive scores ( p = .002). Olanzapine-treated patients gained significantly more baseline-to-endpoint weight (4.3 kg versus 0.1 kg, p p = .002). Prolactin and triglyceride mean baseline-to-endpoint changes were significantly higher in olanzapine-treated versus placebo-treated adolescents. The incidence of treatment-emergent significant changes in fasting glucose, cholesterol, or triglycerides did not differ between the groups at endpoint, but significantly more olanzapine-treated patients had high triglycerides at any time during treatment. Conclusions Olanzapine-treated adolescents with schizophrenia experienced significant symptom improvement. Significant increases in weight, triglycerides, uric acid, most liver function tests, and prolactin were observed during olanzapine treatment.
Designing and Fitting FES and Prosthetic Systems in a Virtual Reality Environment

Building and testing novel prosthetic limbs and FES control algorithms is expensive and risky. Here we describe a virtual reality environment (VRE) to facilitate and accelerate the development of novel systems. In the VRE subjects/patients can operate a simulated limb to interact with virtual objects. Realistic models of all relevant musculoskeletal and mechatronic components allow the development of entire prosthetic systems in VR before introducing them to the patient. The system is used both by engineers as a development tool and by clinicians to fit prosthetic devices to patients
Plasma Renin Activity and Aldosterone Secretion in Hypertensive Patients During High and Low Sodium Intake and Administration of Diuretic

ABSTRACT Plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone secretion or excretion rates have been measured in 35 hypertensive patients. Most hypertensive patients respond normally to decreased sodium intake and upright posture with an increase in PRA, which is further enhanced when chlorothiazide is given. PRA was found to be above the normal range in malignant hypertension and in some patients with renovascular and essential hypertension. PRA remained increased for up to 2 months after taking estrogen and progestin. Subnormal PRA has been observed in primary aldosteronism and Cushing's syndrome. Six patients with essential hypertension had low PRA. When these patients were given a low sodium diet and chlorothiazide, neither PRA nor aldosterone increased normally, urinary sodium loss continued, and hyponatremia developed in 3 of the 6 patients. Postural hypotension was observed in 5 of the 6 cases during sodium depletion. Aldosterone secretion was well correlated with PRA in most hypertensives. Exceptions were ...
More Accurate Identification of Reversible Ischemic Injury in Human Stroke by Cerebrospinal Fluid Suppressed Diffusion-Weighted Imaging

Background and Purpose— The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from diffusion-weighted (DWI) MRI has been used to differentiate reversible from irreversible ischemic injury. However, the ADC can be falsely elevated by partial volume averaging of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with parenchyma, limiting the accuracy of this approach. This study tested the hypothesis that the accuracy of differentiating reversible from irreversible ischemic injury could be improved by CSF suppression at image acquisition. Methods— Sixteen patients presenting within 6 hours from symptoms, and having partial reversal of the acute lesion on DWI were studied using conventional CSF-suppressed DWI. Lesions were segmented from coregistered acute DWI and follow-up fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) series. The segmented volumes were applied to conventional (ADCC) and CSF-suppressed ADC (ADCFLIPD) maps to classify each voxel as progressed to infarct or reversed. Individual voxel ADC values were pooled across all patient...
An Optical Clock Based on a Single Trapped 199Hg+ Ion

Microwave atomic clocks have been the de facto standards for precision time and frequency metrology over the past 50 years, finding widespread use in basic scientific studies, communications, and navigation. However, with its higher operating frequency, an atomic clock based on an optical transition can be much more stable. We demonstrate an all-optical atomic clock referenced to the 1.064-petahertz transition of a single trapped 199Hg+ ion. A clockwork based on a mode-locked femtosecond laser provides output pulses at a 1-gigahertz rate that are phase-coherently locked to the optical frequency. By comparison to a laser-cooled calcium optical standard, an upper limit for the fractional frequency instability of 7 x 10(-15) is measured in 1 second of averaging-a value substantially better than that of the world's best microwave atomic clocks.
The Highly Adaptive SDM Hand: Design and Performance Evaluation

The inherent uncertainty associated with unstructured environments makes establishing a successful grasp difficult. Traditional approaches to this problem involve hands that are complex, fragile, require elaborate sensor suites, and are difficult to control. Alternatively, by carefully designing the mechanical structure of the hand to incorporate features such as compliance and adaptability, the uncertainty inherent in unstructured grasping tasks can be more easily accommodated. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel adaptive and compliant grasper that can grasp objects spanning a wide range of size, shape, mass, and position/orientation using only a single actuator. The hand is constructed using polymer-based Shape Deposition Manufacturing (SDM) and has superior robustness properties, making it able to withstand large impacts without damage. We also present the results of two experiments to demonstrate that the SDM Hand can reliably grasp objects in the presence of large positioning errors, while keeping acquisition contact forces low. In the first, we evaluate the amount of allowable manipulator positioning error that results in a successful grasp. In the second experiment, the hand autonomously grasps a wide range of spherical objects positioned randomly across the workspace, guided by only a single image from an overhead camera, using feed-forward control of the hand.
Design of broad-band, low-noise microwave transistor amplifiers with input and output VSWR constraints using CAD tools

A methodology which permits one to determine the required input and output termination impedances of a given transistor such that the amplifier can simultaneously meet power gain, noise figure, and input and output VSWR constraints is described. To support the proposed method, an amplifier design example at 2 GHz with power gain, noise figure, and input and output VSWR constraints is presented. The applicability of the design methodology to the design of broad-band, low-noise amplifier design is demonstrated with three examples.
Low-Level Vibrations Retain Bone Marrow's Osteogenic Potential and Augment Recovery of Trabecular Bone during Reambulation

Mechanical disuse will bias bone marrow stromal cells towards adipogenesis, ultimately compromising the regenerative capacity of the stem cell pool and impeding the rapid and full recovery of bone morphology. Here, it was tested whether brief daily exposure to high-frequency, low-magnitude vibrations can preserve the marrow environment during disuse and enhance the initiation of tissue recovery upon reambulation. Male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to hindlimb unloading (HU, n = 24), HU interrupted by weight-bearing for 15 min/d (HU+SHAM, n = 24), HU interrupted by low-level whole body vibrations (0.2 g, 90 Hz) for 15 min/d (HU+VIB, n = 24), or served as age-matched controls (AC, n = 24). Following 3 w of disuse, half of the mice in each group were released for 3 w of reambulation (RA), while the others were sacrificed. RA+VIB mice continued to receive vibrations for 15 min/d while RA+SHAM continued to receive sham loading. After disuse, HU+VIB mice had a 30% greater osteogenic marrow stromal cell population, 30% smaller osteoclast surface, 76% greater osteoblast surface but similar trabecular bone volume fraction compared to HU. After 3 w of reambulation, trabecular bone of RA+VIB mice had a 30% greater bone volume fraction, 51% greater marrow osteoprogenitor population, 83% greater osteoblast surfaces, 59% greater bone formation rates, and a 235% greater ratio of bone lining osteoblasts to marrow adipocytes than RA mice. A subsequent experiment indicated that receiving the mechanical intervention only during disuse, rather than only during reambulation, was more effective in altering trabecular morphology. These data indicate that the osteogenic potential of bone marrow cells is retained by low-magnitude vibrations during disuse, an attribute which may have contributed to an enhanced recovery of bone morphology during reambulation.
A MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE DOVE GENUS ZENAIDA: MITOCHONDRIAL AND NUCLEAR DNA SEQUENCES

Abstract We reconstructed a phylogeny for the seven species of doves in the genus Zenaida on the basis of a combined analysis of mitochondrial (ND2 and cytochrome b) and nuclear (fibrinogen intron 7) DNA sequences. This phylogeny, which is completely resolved, is well supported with all nodes showing greater than 50% bootstrap support. There was no significant conflict between trees based on each gene independently, although trees produced from fibrinogen intron 7 did not resolve relationships among five of the Zenaida species. The species status of Z. graysoni, as well as that of Z. meloda, is suggested based on their divergence from sister taxa (about 1% and 4%, respectively) and other differences. Zenaida can be divided into two major groups: Zenaida asiatica and Z. meloda versus Z. aurita, Z. galapagoensis, Z. auriculata, Z. graysoni, and Z. macroura.
Some properties of Au-containing dental amalgam.

Conventional dental alloy, mostly Ag3Sn, has been modified by substituting 10 wt% Au for as much Ag. A spherical-particle, rapidly quenched alloy powder was produced by spraying the melt into a reducing atmosphere.Amalgam prepared from this alloy has improved physical and chemical properties, especially corrosion resistance. Tensile strength was about 9000 psi, creep about 0.94%, and dimensional change about +23 μm/cm. Dissolution was essentially zero at -0.25 V in an artificial saliva.X-ray diffraction showed γ1 and γ2 peaks in the freshly prepared amalgam but only γ1 after storage at body temperature for about 2 weeks. Metallographic specimens showed a ring containing a high concentration of Au and Sn around each alloy particle in the amalgam.
Rigid Formation Control of Nonholonomic Multi-Agents

In this paper we address the formation control problem of maintaining rigid formation for a group of nonholonomic mobile agents. Explicit consideration of actuator limits at a higher level of control in designing formation trajectories that can theoretically result in zero formation error is the main contribution we make. In particular we consider a positive lower bound on the agent speed, to account for stall speeds of fixed winged UAVs. We provide sufficient conditions on the controls that would ensure feasible formation trajectories. The approach we propose is supported with preliminary simulation results.© 2007 ASME
Holographic Spectrometers Using Cylindrical Beam Volume Holograms for Large Spectral Range and High Throughput Spectroscopy

Compact slit-less spectrometers using cylindrical beam volume holograms (CBVHs) are presented with several advantages over conventional spectrometers. Spectrometers with large spectral range, large acceptance angle, or high throughput can be demonstrated using special-designed multiplexed CBVHs.
Plasma pH, CO2 Content of the Blood and “Tissue Gas” Tensions During Hibernation

SummaryDuring hibernation arterial blood CO2 content increases to an average of 85.7 vol. % compared to an average normal of 45.5 vol. %. The plasma pH changes from an average of 7.43 to 7.10. The tensions of CO2 and O2 in the peritoneal gas pocket decrease significantly.The authors wish to thank Drs. A. B. Hastings and N. W. Shock for helpful advice during this study.
Dramatic Arts and Mennonite Culture

After three centuries of near silence, dramatic works and theatrical enterprises among North American Mennonites have flourished in the twentieth century.1 Many of these works emerged from Mennonite communities or served religious purposes and have, at their center, an exploration into ethical issues. This essay will focus on drama among Mennonites in North America and Europe. It is important to note that Mennonites in Asia, Africa and Latin America currently outnumber those in Europe and North America, but dramatic literature has not emerged from these new, non-Eurocenters of Mennonite life. In North America the Mennonite
The Human Microbiome and Surgical Disease

Objective:The purpose of this review article is to summarize what is currently known about microbes associated with the human body and to provide examples of how this knowledge impacts the care of surgical patients.Background:Pioneering research over the past decade has demonstrated that human being
The Stylish Tillich: Jay Bakker and Revolution Church

ABSTRACTPastor Jay Bakker, son of televangelists Jim and Tammy Faye Bakker, has appeared on a number of television shows and has been written about in various publications. Yet, his views could not be more different than those of his parents. Bakker’s books and sermons reflect an affinity for Paul Tillich. This article argues that Bakker is attempting to establish a popular version of Tillich’s theology that is accessible to the masses, focusing on millennials and attempting to map the contours of this new version of Christianity.
On Relationship between Corporate Governing Structure and Corporate Financial Structure

The structure of corporate governing Tnfluences the policy decision and the efficiency of corporate financial structure, corporate financial structure influences the achievement of corporate governing structure on the contrary. the paper profoundly studies how the internal structure and the external structure of corporate governing influence the corporate finance structure according to the present internal and international research situation. Then it analyses the promoting function of finance structure's improving to governing structure's improving of state-run corporates, and further points out the ways of how to resolve the contradictions between corporate governing structure and corporate financial structure in accordance with Chinese reality.
PET/CT in Colorectal Cancer

After the prototype PET/CT scanner was introduced by David Townsend and his team, dual-modality imaging has remained in the spotlight. Their device combined a PET scanner and a CT scanner, permitting subsequent mechanical fusion of the images separately acquired by each modality. They produced a
Cortical surface shape assessment via sulcal/gyral curve-based gyrification index

We propose novel gyrification index (GI) based on sulcal and gyral curves on the human cortical surface. Instead of using the widely employed methods based on Euclidean or geodesic kernels of uniform size, we biologically determine local regions based on a curve-wise correspondence between sulcal and gyral curves. Specifically, we initially extract sulcal and gyral curves from the cortical surface. For each sulcal point, we then find two corresponding gyral points associated with the closest gyral curves. This process requires a categorical optimization that generally possesses an intractable parameter space, which is addressed via a novel evolutionary algorithm. Finally, we propagate sparse measurements of the proposed sulcal GI at each sulcal point to the entire cortical surface in order to yield a complete GI map. The experimental results show that our measurement achieves reasonable reliability across a scan-rescan dataset and provides a complementary information of cortical folding, compared with a recent kernel-based metric in a longitudinal study.
Age-related changes in bilateral upper extremity coordination.

Although evidence exists that changes in sensorimotor function occur with aging, changes in the bilateral coordination of the upper extremities are less understood. Here, we review the behavioral and neural evidence of declines in bilateral coordination as well as the implications these deficits have on function and physical rehabilitation. We begin with an introduction to the two major forms of bilateral coordination, symmetric and non-symmetric, and their sub-groupings. After discussing the motor performance changes with age in symmetric tasks, we address age-related changes in motor lateralization that may affect the bilateral coordination of non-symmetric coordination. This is followed by a discussion of the contributions of cognitive, sensory, and cortical changes with age that influence and underlie bilateral motor performance. Finally, age-related changes in motor learning of bilateral movements are also considered. In general, most age-related changes are found in complex symmetric movements but, surprisingly, there is a dearth of information about changes in the more challenging and ubiquitous non-symmetric bilateral movements. Future investigations should focus on broadening the understanding of age-related changes in complex, functionally relevant bilateral movements, such that the real-world implications of these changes may be derived.
Metrics for Laparoscopic Skills Trainers: The Weakest Link!

Metrics are widely employed in virtual environments and provide a yardstick for performance measurement. The current method of defining metrics for medical simulation remains more an art than a science. Herein, we report a practical scientific approach to defining metrics, specifically aimed at computer-assisted laparoscopic skills training. We also propose a standardized global scoring system usable across different laparoscopic trainers and tasks. The metrics were defined in an explicit way based on the relevant skills that a laparoscopic surgeon should master. We used a five degree of freedom device and a software platform capable of 1) tracking the motion of two laparoscopic instruments 2) real time information processing and feedback provision. A validation study was performed. The results show that our metrics and scoring system represent a technically sound approach that can be easily incorporated in a computerized trainer for any task, enabling a standardized performance assessment method.
A Self-Binding, Melt-Castable, Crystalline Organic Electrolyte for Sodium Ion Conduction.

The preparation and characterization of the cocrystalline solid–organic sodium ion electrolyte NaClO4(DMF)3 (DMF=dimethylformamide) is described. The crystal structure of NaClO4(DMF)3 reveals parallel channels of Na+ and ClO4− ions. Pressed pellets of microcrystalline NaClO4(DMF)3 exhibit a conductivity of 3×10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature with a low activation barrier to conduction of 25 kJ mol−1. SEM revealed thin liquid interfacial contacts between crystalline grains, which promote conductivity. The material melts gradually between 55–65 °C, but does not decompose, and upon cooling, it resolidifies as solid NaClO4(DMF)3, permitting melt casting of the electrolyte into thin films and the fabrication of cells in the liquid state and ensuring penetration of the electrolyte between the electrode active particles.
An introduction to phosphate binders for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney disease

An introduction to phosphate binders for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. Chronic kidney disease has the potential to induce sequelae that can have severe and mortal outcomes. In particular, impaired glomerular filtration can cause a hyperphosphatemic state, which, if left unchecked, can lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism, vascular calcification, and renal osteodystrophy. Therapeutic management of hyperphosphatemia must maintain both phosphorus and calcium serum concentrations within the recommended guidelines. The balance of both minerals is regulated by parathyroid hormone; thus, an imbalance of one affects the other. In end-stage renal disease, patients often present with hypocalcemic levels due to the kidneys' inability to generate active vitamin D to promote calcium absorption in the intestine. Absorption of calcium can be increased by the administration of active vitamin D analogues. Minimizing phosphorus intake through a strict dietary regimen, combined with the use of phosphate binders to absorb excess ingested phosphate, can help to maintain serum phosphate levels near the recommended concentration of 5.5 mg/dL. Phosphate-binding compounds have evolved from the original aluminum-based binders pioneered in the 1970s to calcium-based binders such as calcium acetate, and more recently, to the following additions to the nephrologist's armamentarium: sevelamer—a polyhydrochloride polymer, and lanthanum carbonate. One of the top 2 common clinical treatments for hyperphosphatemia, calcium acetate, has an established history of efficacy since the 1980s, and has been shown to be cost effective and well tolerated, as well.
Quantum nanophotonics (Conference Presentation)

Nanophotonic structures that localize photons in sub-wavelength volumes are possible today thanks to modern nanofabrication and optical design techniques. Such structures enable studies of new regimes of light-matter interaction, quantum and nonlinear optics, and new applications in computing, communications, and sensing. The traditional quantum nanophotonics platform is based on InAs quantum dots inside GaAs photonic crystal cavities. Recently, alternative material systems have emerged, such as color centers in diamond and silicon carbide, that could potentially bring the described experiments to room temperature and facilitate scaling to large networks of resonators and emitters. Finally, the use of inverse design nanophotonic methods, that can efficiently perform physics-guided search through the full parameter space, leads to optical devices with properties superior to state of the art, including smaller footprints, better field localization, and novel functionalities.
Co-Occurrence of COMT and BRCA1/2 Variants in a Population.

In one database, 5 of 15 women with BRCA1/2 nonsense or frameshift mutations had a synonymous substitution p.L203 in the catechol O-methyltransferase gene. This substitution, present in 1% of 60,418 people, did not occur in 25 women with BRCA1/2-mutated breast cancer.
Co-producing software for complex environmental data visualization

Environmental scientists, land managers, and policy actors are increasingly presented with high-stakes high-uncertainty problems stemming from human-ecosystem interactions. To address these problems, scientists and managers frequently use models that produce enormous geospatial and temporal datasets that are constantly modified. To help make sense of this complex and changing data, we are immersed in a co-production effort where software engineers and environmental scientists collaborate on the development of visualization software. Preliminary findings suggest that this software co-production process could help build legitimacy for the information it produces, with potential implications for generating actionable science for policy and governance.
Localization of the FK506-binding protein, FKBP 13, to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum

The function of the immunophilins, FKBP 12 and FKBP 13, which are binding proteins for the immunosuppressant drug FK506 and rapamycin, remains poorly defined, although it has been suggested that immunophilins and immunophilin-like proteins may play a role in protein sorting/folding and intracellular calcium ion regulation. As a first step towards understanding the function of FKBP 13, we studied its subcellular localization by immunoblotting of well-defined subcellular fractions from a canine pancreatic homogenate and immunocytochemical analysis of an overexpressed cloned cDNA for FKBP 13. Whereas FKBP 12 fractionated entirely into the cytosol, virtually all FKBP 13 was found in the rough microsomal fraction which consisted of highly purified rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), along with several well-characterized ER markers [the immunoglobulin heavy-chain binding protein (BiP), grp 94 and ribophorin I]. Moreover, FKBP 13 co-banded with the ER markers on isopycnic sucrose gradients. By immunofluorescence, the overexpressed cDNA for FKBP 13 in Hela cells gave an ER-staining pattern highly similar to that of known ER proteins. Addition of the ligand FK506 did not appear to alter the distribution of FKBP 13. Separation of the ER luminal contents and membrane revealed FKBP 13 to be a luminal ER protein. Since the lumen of the ER is where the folding of membrane and secreted proteins occurs, as well as a major site of intracellular calcium storage, it seems possible that FKBP 13 may be involved in one of these functions.
A Path to Ultraselectivity: Support Layer Properties To Maximize Performance of Biomimetic Desalination Membranes

Reverse osmosis (RO) has become a premier technology for desalination and water purification. The need for increased selectivity has incentivized research into novel membranes, such as biomimetic membranes that incorporate the perfectly selective biological water channel aquaporin or synthetic water channels like carbon nanotubes. In this study, we consider the performance of composite biomimetic membranes by projecting water permeability, salt rejection, and neutral-solute retention based on the permeabilities of the individual components, particularly the water channel, the amphiphilic bilayer matrix, and potential support layers that include polymeric RO, nanofiltration (NF), and porous ultrafiltration membranes. We find that the support layer will be crucial in the overall performance. Selective, relatively low-permeability supports minimize the negative impact of defects in the biomimetic layer, which are currently the main performance-limiting factor for biomimetic membranes. In particular, RO membr...
A Panorama of Interdependent Power Systems and Electrified Transportation Networks

There has been an emerging concern regarding the optimal operation of power and transportation networks. In this chapter, a big picture of emerging challenges in the interdependent power systems and electrified transportation networks is introduced. The introduced networks will collaborate together to achieve sustainability in terms of operating in a more intelligent and efficient manner, providing more realistic models of interdependent networks, and modernizing the conventional frameworks. Further, an example of electric vehicle routing problem is provided to identify various effective networks in the broader context of sustainable interdependent networks.
11 Social Psychology

The history of North American social psychology is far more complex and intriguing than could be recounted in any chronicle of the field's experimental successes and notable theories. Social psychology emerged in response to material social problems, economic conditions, and changing conceptions of the self in society, and its disciplinary origins are likewise multiple. Most important, social psychology took up new and perplexing questions of the individual and its varied renderings of social selves as dynamically connected with social events supports Gordon Allport's claim that social psychology is not only an “ancient discipline” but an “ultramodern” one. Appreciating the complex engagements of social psychological research requires consideration of its ties to progressive politics, the projects of related social scientific disciplines, American crises (especially war), and shifting conceptions of the reflexive entanglements in the staging of experiments and crafting of theories. Keywords: social psychology; history; self; social relevance; war; cybernetics
Conscience historique et mémorielle du génocide. Jules Isaac et Jésus et Israël, rescapés de la Shoah (1940-1948)

Published in 1948, Jesus and Israel is Jules Isaac’s first book devoted to the Christian roots of antisemitism. Often interpreted through the retrospective prism of Jewish-Christian dialogue and the Second Vatican Council, this article rather links the book to its starting point: the Shoah. A work of history, Jesus and Israel is also the work of a survivor and a witness to persecution. Isaac’s scientific and commemorative approach is an early example of a link between historical consciousness and memory of the Shoah. Punctuated with analogies to Auschwitz, the book provoked a debate about the persistence of antisemitism in France, proving that the immediate post-war period was far from being a silent one in regard to genocide.
Eosinophilia and regional enteritis. A possible diagnostic aid.

Twenty-two of 68 patients (32.4%) with regional enteritis proven by x-ray examination or surgical pathologic specimen had peripheral eosinophilia by differential cell count on an average of three of four determinations. Another 10 patients had eosinophilia recorded at least once. The average elevated eosinophil count was 6.2%; that for the other 46 patients was 1.3%. Since regional enteritis was the only lesion found, it is suggested that eosinophilia may represent a concomitant finding associated with this disease.
AN EVIDENCE-BASED PROGRAM MODEL FOR FACILITATING THERAPEUTIC RESPONSES TO PAIN-BASED BEHAVIOR IN RESIDENTIAL CARE

Children and young people in residential care have often lived lives saturated with loss, neglect, rejection, and traumatic experiences. Children express the pain of trauma in various ways, namely pain-based behaviors manifesting in ways that often leave their care givers confused, frustrated, frightened, angry or exhausted. For residential caregivers to respond to children and young people in a consistent and therapeutic manner, residential environments must provide an ethos of respect, caring, and trust, creating a safe place for children and staff to live and learn together. This paper describes the Children and Residential Experiences (CARE) model, its implementation, and evidence for its effectiveness. CARE is a trauma-informed, principle-based, multi-component program designed to enhance the social dynamics in group care settings and help agencies create a living environment that provides developmentally enriching experiences for children in their care. By incorporating the CARE principles throughout all levels of the organization and into daily practice, the CARE program model has been shown to improve the capacity of staff to establish positive developmental relationships with the children in their care, offer developmentally enriching experiences and a “sense of normality”, and create cohesion and congruence throughout the organization. Through consistent and predictable compassionate and responsive interactions with adults, as well as opportunities to overcome challenges and to experience successful learning opportunities, children can grow, develop and thrive.