cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinician perspectives on symptom and quality of life experiences of patients during cancer therapies: Implications for eHealth

Objective The purpose of this study was to explore clinician experiences with cancer symptom and quality of life (SQL) management from diagnosis throughout therapy in the ambulatory setting, plus identify preferences for a future SQL decision support system. Methods Eligible clinicians worked in ambulatory cancer care with responsibility for direct patient care. Focus groups were conducted to discuss symptom management throughout the treatment experience and features desired in a future decision support system. Each group was audio-recorded, transcribed, de-identified, and entered into NVivo 9 for analysis. Open and axial coding was completed, grouping common concepts into nodes; large constructs among the nodes were identified and main messages were synthesized. Results A total of 118 clinicians were contacted by email resulting in a final sample of 51 attending 1 of 9 focus groups. Clinicians described a standard face-to-face approach to assessment of SQL, before and throughout therapy. Preparing patients for expected symptoms and approaches to management included paper-based patient education materials and referrals. Communicating with patients between visits was covered in detail, notably use of telephone and email. Future system features desired by the clinicians included an electronic, Web-based system with real-time, trended data, reasonable alerts, and tailored information for patients. Conclusions Cancer care specialists reported strategies to assess and manage cancer SQL in ambulatory care including patient-reported outcome measures, contact communication modes, face-to-face interviews, and paper-based patient education materials. Future system features desired by clinicians included an electronic, Web-based system with real-time, trended data, reasonable alerts, and tailored information for patients.
Mining Periodicity from Dynamic and Incomplete Spatiotemporal Data

As spatiotemporal data becomes widely available, mining and understanding such data have gained a lot of attention recently. Among all important patterns, periodicity is arguably the most frequently happening one for moving objects. Finding periodic behaviors is essential to understanding the activities of objects, and to predict future movements and detect anomalies in trajectories. However, periodic behaviors in spatiotemporal data could be complicated, involvingmultiple interleaving periods, partial time span, and spatiotemporal noises and outliers. Even worse, due to the limitations of positioning technology or its various kinds of deployments, real movement data is often highly incomplete and sparse. In this chapter, we discuss existing techniques to mine periodic behaviors from spatiotemporal data, with a focus on tackling the aforementioned difficulties risen in real applications. In particular, we first review the traditional time-series method for periodicity detection. Then, a novelmethod specifically designed to mine periodic behaviors in spatiotemporal data, Periodica, is introduced. Periodica proposes to use reference spots to observe movement and detect periodicity from the in-and-out binary sequence. Then, we discuss the important issue of dealing with sparse and incomplete observations in spatiotemporal data, and propose a new general framework Periodo to detect periodicity for temporal events despite such nuisances.We provide experiment results on real movement data to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods. While these techniques are developed in the context of spatiotemporal data mining, we believe that they are very general and could benefit researchers and practitioners from other related fields.
Triphenyl[(triphenylphosphoranylidene)amino]phosphonium tetra-kis-(penta-fluoro-phen-yl)borate.

In the title molecular salt, C36H30NP2+·C24BF20−, the P—N bond lengths in the cation are equal [1.573 (2) and 1.572 (2) A], indicating a resonance structure and the P—N—P bond angle is 144.79 (12)°. In the crystal, weak C—H⋯F interactions link the cations and the anions.
Special Problems of NMR in H2O Solution

Most biochemical NMR is performed in aqueous solutions, most often in D2O containing typically 1% proton impurity as HDO, but also quite often in 80–100% H2O. The latter is necessary if you want to observe exchangeable protons in a macromolecule, or if for some reason replacement of H2O by D2O is impractical. The large narrow HDO or H2O signal, equivalent to up to 100 molar proton concentration, presents various problems which will be outlined here, together with partial solutions.
Nonlinear Rescaling in Discrete Minimax

We present a general Nonlinear Rescaling (NR) methods for discrete minimax problem. The fundamental difference between the NR approach and the smoothing technique consists of using the Lagrange multipliers as the main driving force to improve the convergence rate and the numerical stability.
Current Concepts of Tubulointerstitial Nephritis

The purpose of this chapter is to summarize current views on the morphologic and clinical definition of interstitial nephritis, since many of the environmental agents, toxins, and drugs discussed in this book cause renal injury which affects primarily renal tubules and interstitium. It is generally agreed that a purely morphologic definition or classification of interstitial nephritis is of little value, since the histologic alterations are relatively nonspecific, and give little indication of etiology and pathogenesis. Rather, the terms interstitial nephritis or tubulointerstitial nephritis (or nephropathy) are used to describe a diverse group of renal disorders, caused by a variety of etiologic agents, in which the predominant morphologic involvement is in the tubules and the interstitium.
Outcome and predictive factors in post-stroke seizures: A retrospective case-control study

Abstract Purpose To evaluate clinical, radiographic, and electrophysiological features in the development and prognosis of ischemic post-stroke seizures (PSS). Method A retrospective study of 1119 patient records was performed between January 2006 and December 2016. After selection, 42 patients with seizures due to ischemic stroke were matched to a control group of 60 patients where seizures were absent. Stroke size and severity were analyzed using ASPECTS and NIHSS, respectively. Hemorrhagic transformation graded by ECASS III classification. Outcomes were assessed using the modified Rankin Scale. Fisher's exact test assessed categorical variables, and Mann-Whitney tested continuous variables. Results Forty-two patients experienced PSS (22 females; median age 72.5 years) and were matched with 60 control subjects that had ischemic stroke without seizures. Focal seizures were present in 42.9% (18/42), and focal to bilateral convulsions in 57.1% (24/42). Stroke localization and severity did not differ (p = 0.6 and 0.21, respectively). Stroke size in anterior circulation was larger in PSS patients (median ASPECTS 6 vs 8 [ p = 0.01 ]). Posterior circulation stroke size was similar in both groups. The presence of hemorrhage was the primary risk factor for PSS (61.9%) compared to controls (36.7%), p = 0.01 . The presence of laminar necrosis (LN) (47.6% vs 21.6%, p = 0.005 ) and hemosiderin deposition (38.1% vs 18.3%, p = 0.02 ) were most predictive. PSS patients demonstrated worse outcomes than the controls (median mRS 3 vs 2, [ p= ]) with a median follow up of 14.8 and 20.7 months, respectively. Conclusions The size of anterior infarction, presence of blood products within the infarct bed, and especially LN predicted PSS.
The Gift of Empanelment in a "Clinic First" Residency.

Empanelment in a “clinic first” residency has helped me develop competency in medicine and understand the value of primary care. Taking care of a panel of patients longitudinally aligns with education research on how we best learn; we learn best when learning sessions are longitudinal, spaced in time and interleaved with diverse topics. By caring for patients longitudinally, I have developed competency and proficiency in providing comprehensive care to my patients. Empanelment has also allowed me, as a resident, to build relationships with my patients and realize the value of primary care. To build the primary care workforce of the future, I have no doubt every resident needs to have this type of rewarding experience in their clinics.
Near-field and far-field optical properties of magnetic plasmonic core-shell nanoparticles with non-spherical shapes: A discrete dipole approximation study

The combined optical and magnetic properties of magnetic-plasmonic core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) makes them ideal candidates for many applications in biomedical fields. Plasmonic properties of the shell gives rise to Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) that can be utilized for sensitive detections, while magnetic properties are useful for magnetic separation and magnetic guided delivery. The plasmonic properties of the shell depends on both the size and shape of the core and shell, and this property, in principle, can be calculated using the Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA) method. However, since the DDA is an approximation method, its accuracy to calculate the plasmonic properties of the shell, especially the near-field enhancement relevant to SERS, has not been examined carefully. We present a systematic test on the accuracy of the DDA to calculate the plasmonic properties in terms of both the extinction spectra and the near-field enhancement of the magnetic-plasmonic core-shell NPs. Accuracy of the DDA method was first investigated in comparison to Mie theory results for spherical core-shell NPs, since Mie theory gives the exact solution to spherical shaped particles. DDA calculations were further extended to core-shell nanoparticles with octahedral cores. We elucidate convergence of the DDA results by considering the effects of dipole distance and shell thickness in regard to the NP spectral properties. This work validates application of the DDA methods for calculating electrodynamic properties of core-shell NPs and highlights plasmonic properties of core-shell with non-spherical cores.
English for Craft Students — 4

ENTERTAINMENT THROUGH words is relished by all students. They will write, talk — anything that is desired of them, provided they can see that the teacher is at home with their own limited knowledge, and provided the teacher will make this his starting‐point. The material is inexhaustible, and, drawn on skilfully, there is a constant fund of student energy to sustain interest.
Salient Ballot Measures and the Millennial Vote

We explore the relationship between ballot measures on issues salient to Millennials and their turnout in presidential and midterm elections. Both scholars and observers in the media have worried about decreasing levels of citizen participation, particularly among young voters. We demonstrate that one way to engage Millennials into traditional forms of political participation is through ballot measures that focus on issues salient to their generation (marijuana liberalization and higher education reform). We show that not only do these measures increase Millennial voting, but they erase difference in turnout levels between Millennials and older generations. This effect is primarily concentrated in low-turnout contexts such as midterm elections, indicating that these measures may be playing a similar mobilization role in midterm elections as presidential campaigns do in turnout out low-propensity voters.
Ideas for improving each phase of a mentored research relationship

A challenging part of an academic’s job is developing productive research relationships as a mentor. This paper presents ideas for improving a mentor’s effectiveness at different stages, from student recruiting through the relationship’s redefinition upon graduation. These ideas stem both from personal experiences with undergraduate and graduate students and from a review of relevant literature.A challenging part of an academic’s job is developing productive research relationships as a mentor. This paper presents ideas for improving a mentor’s effectiveness at different stages, from student recruiting through the relationship’s redefinition upon graduation. These ideas stem both from personal experiences with undergraduate and graduate students and from a review of relevant literature.
Therapeutic Effects of Naloxone Combined With Aminofilina in the Treatment of Premature Infants Apnea

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of naloxone combined with aminofilina in the treatment of premature infants apnea. Methods From January 2006 to December 2007, 86 cases who were diagnosed as premature infants apnea were randomly divided into observation group (n=46) and control group (n=40). Informed consent was obtained from all participates. Observation group injected naloxone at the dose of 0.1 mg/kg into veins at first, then received naloxone at the dose of 0.1 mg/kg mixed with 20 mL 10% glucose through intervenous drop infusion, twice per day. The first dose of 5 mg/kg for aminofilina mixed with (10~20)mL 10% glucose intravenous drop. Then the dose was reduced and maintained at the level of 2.5 mg/kg each time, twice per day. Treatment methods alternated for 3 days. Control group used aminofilina only, the application was the same as observation group. Therapeutic effects of two groups were compared. Results Effective rates of observation group and control group were 87% (40/46), and 67.5%(27/40), respectively. There had statistically significant difference between two groups(P<0.05). Conclusion Therapeutic effects of naloxone combination with aminofilina in the treatment of premature infants apnea surpasses aminofilina only. Key words: naloxone; aminofilina; premature infant; apnea
Prognostic implications of inferior vena cava haemodynamics in ambulatory patients with tetralogy of Fallot.

AIMS Right atrial pressure (RAP) provides a composite measure of right ventricular diastolic dysfunction, right atrial compliance, and volume status, and these three variables are typically abnormal in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). RAP is a well-established prognostic metric in patients with pulmonary hypertension, and recent data suggest that RAP is associated with clinical outcomes in TOF. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of inferior vena cava (IVC) haemodynamics (size and collapsibility) for the assessment of RAP and its potential application for risk stratification and prognostication in the TOF population. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult TOF patients with echocardiographic assessment of IVC haemodynamics were divided into patients with (derivation cohort, n = 256) and without (validation cohort, n = 492) cardiac catheterization data. We assessed the correlation between IVC haemodynamics, RAP, and disease severity indices [arrhythmias, peak oxygen consumption (VO2 ), and heart failure hospitalization] in derivation cohort and compared it with the correlations in the validation cohort. IVC haemodynamics correlated with RAP (r = 0.52, P < 0.001), with disease severity indices {atrial arrhythmias [area under the curve (AUC) 0.81], ventricular arrhythmias [AUC 0.67], heart failure hospitalizations [AUC 0.78], and peak VO2 [r = 0.53]}, and with transplant-free survival in the derivation cohort. Similar correlations between IVC haemodynamics, disease severity indices, and transplant-free survival were also observed in the validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that IVC haemodynamics can potentially be used for risk stratification and prognostication in TOF patients and can complement the current risk models that are based predominately on right ventricular volumes and systolic function.
Drinking Age Policy Implementation and the Practice of Federal Law in the United States

Readjusting a standardized national drinking age, particularly in the area of implementation has been a matter of concern to scholars of political science and health sciences. It is instructive to note that the national legal drinking age of 21 years is a primary alcohol-control policy initiated and implemented since 1985 in the United States. Different groups have raised public debate on the minimum drinking age and proposed reducing it to 18 years. However, recent trends in alcohol drinking and related consequences, comparative effect of the minimum legal drinking ages of 21 years and 18 years, research on drinking among high school and college students related to minimum legal drinking age are critically reviewed, using secondary data sources. This article therefore seeks to support the minimum drinking age of 21 years, rather than lowering it to 18 years. Concerted interventional roles are essential by the assistance of non-governmental organizations, public health experts, legal experts, and public office holders; for the purpose of influencing healthy decisions about alcohol among the early adults and thereby leading to reduction in alcohol consumption and its negative impacts.
Nonlinear Strain-limiting Elasticity for Fracture Propagation with Phase-Field Approach.

The conventional model governing the spread of fractures in elastic material is formulated by coupling linear elasticity with deformation systems. The classical linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) model is derived based on the assumption of small strain values. However, since the strain values in the model are linearly proportional to the stress values, the strain value can be large if the stress value increases. Thus this results in the contradiction of the assumption to LEFM and it is one of the major disadvantages of the model. In particular, this singular behavior of the strain values is often observed especially near the crack-tip, and it may not accurately predict realistic phenomena. Thus, we investigate the framework of a new class of theoretical model, which is known as the nonlinear strain-limiting model. The advantage of the nonlinear strain-limiting models over LEFM is that the strain value remains bounded even if the stress value tends to the infinity. This is achieved by assuming the nonlinear relation between the strain and stress in the derivation of the model. Moreover, we consider the quasi-static fracture propagation by coupling with the phase-field approach to present the effectiveness of the proposed strain-limiting model. Several numerical examples to evaluate and validate the performance of the new model and algorithms are presented. Detailed comparisons of the strain values, fracture energy, and fracture propagation speed between nonlinear strain-limiting model and LEFM for the quasi-static fracture propagation are discussed.
Transcatheter Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Prior Mediastinal Radiation.

Abstract Objectives This study sought to evaluate the trends and outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) versus surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) among patients with prior mediastinal radiation from a national database. Background There is a paucity of data about the temporal trends and outcomes of TAVR versus SAVR in patients with prior mediastinal radiation. Methods The National Inpatient Sample database years 2012 to 2017 was queried for hospitalizations of patients with prior mediastinal radiation who underwent isolated AVR. Using multivariable analysis, the study compared the outcomes of TAVR versus SAVR. The main study outcome was in-hospital mortality. Results The final analysis included 3,675 hospitalizations for isolated AVR; of whom 2,170 (59.1%) underwent TAVR and 1,505 (40.9%) underwent isolated SAVR. TAVR was increasingly performed over time (ptrend = 0.01), but there was no significant increase in the rates of utilization of SAVR. The following factors were independently associated with TAVR utilization: older age, chronic lung disease, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, prior cerebrovascular accidents, prior coronary artery bypass grafting, and larger-sized hospitals, while women were less likely to undergo TAVR. Compared with SAVR, TAVR was associated with lower in-hospital mortality (1.2% vs. 2.0%, adjusted odds ratio: 0.27; 95% confidence interval: 0.09 to 0.79; p = 0.02). TAVR was associated with lower rates of acute kidney injury, use of mechanical circulatory support, bleeding and respiratory complications, and shorter length of hospital stay. TAVR was associated with higher rates of pacemaker insertion. Conclusions This nationwide observational analysis showed that TAVR is increasingly performed among patients with prior mediastinal radiation. TAVR provides an important treatment option for this difficult patient population with desirable procedural safety when using SAVR as a benchmark.
Resource users as land-sea links in coastal and marine socioecological systems

Coastal zones, which connect terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, are among the most resource-rich regions globally and home to nearly 40% of the global human population. Because human land-based activities can alter natural processes in ways that affect adjacent aquatic ecosystems, land-sea interactions are increasingly recognized as critical to coastal conservation planning and governance. However, the complex socioeconomic dynamics inherent in coastal and marine socioecological systems (SESs) have received little consideration. Drawing on knowledge generalized from long-term studies in Caribbean Nicaragua, we devised a conceptual framework that clarifies the multiple ways socioeconomically driven behavior can link the land and sea. In addition to other ecosystem effects, the framework illustrates how feedbacks resulting from changes to aquatic resources can influence terrestrial resource management decisions and land uses. We assessed the framework by applying it to empirical studies from a variety of coastal SESs. The results suggest its broad applicability and highlighted the paucity of research that explicitly investigates the effects of human behavior on coastal SES dynamics. We encourage researchers and policy makers to consider direct, indirect, and bidirectional cross-ecosystem links that move beyond traditionally recognized land-to-sea processes.
The effect of sample medication use on subsequent anti-VEGF agent selection for neovascular age-related macular degeneration

PurposeTo examine the effect of medication sample use (ranibizumab or aflibercept) on future anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agent selection in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nvAMD). DesignRetrospective cohort study. MethodsnvAMD patients who underwent an initial anti-VEGF injection with a sample medication were compared to nvAMD control patients who never received a medication sample. Charts from 2017 through 2020 were reviewed for data regarding demographics, anti-VEGF agent selection, and visual acuity outcomes for both groups. Anti-VEGF agent selection for the first four injections and at one year were examined in both the sample and control groups. ResultsAdherence to the initial agent was high between first and subsequent injections (2nd, 3rd, 4th injection, and 1 year) in both sample (96.2%, 95.9%, 91.9%, 93.4%, respectively) and control groups (98.1%, 94.2%, 94.9%, 87.8%, respectively). Bevacizumab usage was significantly lower among eyes receiving samples relative to controls at the second (1.9% vs. 38.7%, p<0.001), third (3.1% vs. 41.3%, p<0.001), fourth injections (4.7% vs. 40.4%, p<0.001), and at 1 year (0% vs. 33.8%, p<0.001). Aflibercept usage was significantly higher in sample eyes relative to controls at the second (78.3% vs. 43.4%, p<0.001), third (76.3% vs. 41.5%, p<0.001), and fourth injections (76.7% vs. 43.4%, p<0.001), and at 1 year (77.0% vs. 52.7%, p<0.001). ConclusionsEyes receiving a sample anti-VEGF agent (ranibizumab or aflibercept) for their initial injection were less likely to receive bevacizumab at future visits relative to eyes that did not receive an anti-VEGF sample, even after one year of treatment.
Interim Spacer Exchange for Treatment of Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Almost Half the Patients Fail Subsequently.

Abstract Background Interim spacer exchange may be performed in patients undergoing 2-stage exchange for periprosthetic joint infection. Several studies have demonstrated that interim spacer exchange is associated with poor outcomes. This study investigated the survivorship and risk factors for failure in patients with an interim spacer exchange. Methods Two institutional databases identified 182 patients who underwent spacer exchange from 2000 to 2017. Primary outcomes included progression to reimplantation, treatment success, and mortality. Bivariate analysis was performed to evaluate risk factors associated with failure. Kaplan-Meier curves using host and local grades were generated to evaluate for primary outcomes and differences in survivorship. Results The overall failure rate was 49% in patients with a spacer exchange. Most patients (60%) failed before 2 years. Higher comorbidity scores, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and non-White race were more prevalent in patients who failed. Negative cultures at the time of exchange were more prevalent in patients who did not fail. Failure rate was higher in immunocompromised conditions, and those who had revision prior to exchange. After considering clinically relevant variables, advanced host grade C was the single factor associated with treatment failure. Although survivorship curves were not significantly different between extremity local grades, higher host grades were associated with treatment failure. Conclusion Almost 1 out of 2 patients with spacer exchange were found to fail the intended 2-stage revision arthroplasty. Benefits of delivering additional antibiotic load with a new spacer should be balanced against poor outcomes in patients with the aforementioned risk factors.
A Genuinely Intensional Set Theory

Publisher Summary Myhill's original program can be carried out without the introduction of more than one kind of set and without any restriction on the comprehension axiom, provided only that the set theory is made sufficiently intensional. The chapter considers the modal Zermelo-Fraenkel theory (ZFM); the axiom of extensionality is weakened to read that two sets, which necessarily have the same members that are identical. It explores the interpretation of ZF with choice (ZFC) in ZFM and proves that the interpretation is sound and faithful. Further, the chapter adapts the method of Myhill to ZFM to prove theexistence and disjunction properties. The treatment of Myhill's recursive function symbols in ZFM is discussed. Essentially, ZFM is an extension to Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory (ZF). This extension was done to produce a modal set theory, which exhibits disjunction and existence properties and in which various principles of constructive mathematics can be expressed.
Effects of biceps tension and superior humeral head translation on the glenoid labrum

We sought to understand the effects of superior humeral head translation and load of the long head of biceps on the pathomechanics of the superior glenoid labrum by predicting labral strain. Using micro-CT cadaver images, a finite element model of the glenohumeral joint was generated, consisting of humerus, glenoid bone, cartilages, labrum, and biceps tendon. A glenohumeral compression of 50 N and biceps tensions of 0, 22, 55, and 88 N were applied. The humeral head was superiorly translated from 0 to 5 mm in 1-mm increments. The highest labral strain occurred at the interface with the glenoid cartilage and bone beneath the origin of the biceps tendon. The maximum strain was lower than the reported failure strain. The humeral head motion had relatively greater effect than biceps tension on the increasing labral strain. This supports the mechanistic hypothesis that superior labral lesions result mainly from superior migration of the humeral head, but also from biceps tension. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:1424–1429, 2014.
A Web-based approach to blood donor preparation.

BACKGROUND: Written and video approaches to donor education have been shown to enhance donation attitudes and intentions to give blood, particularly when the information provides specific coping suggestions for donation-related concerns. This study extends this work by comparing Web-based approaches to donor preparation among donors and nondonors. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Young adults (62% female; mean [±SD] age, 19.3 [±1.5] years; mean [range] number of prior blood donations, 1.1 [0-26]; 60% nondonors) were randomly assigned to view 1) a study Web site designed to address common blood donor concerns and suggest specific coping strategies (n = 238), 2) a standard blood center Web site (n = 233), or 3) a control Web site where participants viewed videos of their choice (n = 202). Measures of donation attitude, anxiety, confidence, intention, anticipated regret, and moral norm were completed before and after the intervention. RESULTS: Among nondonors, the study Web site produced greater changes in donation attitude, confidence, intention, and anticipated regret relative to both the standard and the control Web sites, but only differed significantly from the control Web site for moral norm and anxiety. Among donors, the study Web site produced greater changes in donation confidence and anticipated regret relative to both the standard and the control Web sites, but only differed significantly from the control Web site for donation attitude, anxiety, intention, and moral norm. CONCLUSION: Web-based donor preparation materials may provide a cost-effective way to enhance donation intentions and encourage donation behavior.
H.264/AVC video transmission over wireless channels

We investigate the transmission of H.264/AVC-coded video over wireless conversational channels. An adaptive rate control method is presented to provide constant bit rate encoding. Then two error control mechanisms are discussed. An proper packetization method in the link layer can keep a good balance between error resilience and transmission efficiency. Low delay retransmission can significantly improve loss packet recovery at cost of a slightly increased transmission bit rate and a very limited time delay.
A Review of “Children's Ministry That Fits”

Many North American children's ministry programs continue to focus on a banking teaching model that works to provide children with essential information about God. In response to this current model...
Experimental demonstration of high dimensional time-energy entangled two-photon states

Two-photon states generated in parametric down-conversion are shown to exhibit D-dimensional discretized energy-time entanglement, where D is possibly as large as half a million. Additionally a three-order-of-magnitude violation of the classical variance product is demonstrated.
Volatile Flavor Compounds Produced by Molds of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fungi imperfecti

Strains of molds Aspergillus niger, A. ochraceus, A. oryzae, A. parasiticus, Penicillium chrysogenum, P. citrinum, P. funiculosum, P. raistrickii, P. viridicatum, Alternaria, Cephalosporium, and Fusarium sp. were grown on sterile coarse wheat meal at 26 to 28 C for 120 h. The volatiles from mature cultures were distilled at low temperature under reduced pressure. The distillates from traps -40 and -78 C were extracted with methylene chloride and subsequently concentrated. All the concentrates thus obtained were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, chemical reactions of functional groups, and olfactory evaluation. Six components detected in the culture distillates were identified positively: 3-methylbutanol, 3-octanone, 3-octanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 1-octanol, and 2-octen-1-ol. They represented 67 to 97% of all the volatiles occurring in the concentrated distillate. The following 14 components were identified tentatively: octane, isobutyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, butyl acetate, amyl acetate, octyl acetate, pyridine, hexanol, nonanone, dimethylpyrazine, tetramethylpyrazine, benzaldehyde, propylbenzene, and phenethyl alcohol. Among the volatiles produced by molds, 1-octen-3-ol yielding a characteristic fungal odor was found predominant.
Java based e-commerce middleware

Organizations that sell products over the Internet usually have a product database located at or near the web hosting server. Web clients use SSL to connect to the web server and order products, which are then entered into the product database. Since web hosting services may be outsourced, the order information needs to be transmitted securely to the corporate database of the enterprise that sells these products. This paper concerns the development of a secure middleware application in Java that connects the web hosting database with the corporate backend database [9]. We discuss the design details of the middleware and implementation issues of some of the software pieces of this puzzle. 1 Background
Emergency Airway Placement by EMS Providers: Comparison between the King LT Supralaryngeal Airway and Endotracheal Intubation

INTRODUCTION The ever-present risk of mass casualties and disaster situations may result in airway management situations that overwhelm local emergency medical services (EMS) resources. Endotracheal intubation requires significant user education/training and carries the risk of malposition. Furthermore, personal protective equipment (PPE) required in hazardous environments may decrease dexterity and hinder timely airway placement. Alternative airway devices may be beneficial in these situations. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the time needed to place the King LT Supralaryngeal Airway compared to endotracheal intubation when performed by community EMS personnel with and without PPE. METHODS Following training, 47 EMS personnel were timed placing both endotracheal tubes and the King LT supralaryngeal airway in a simulator mannikin. The study participants then repeated this exercise wearing PPE. RESULTS The EMS personnel wearing PPE took significantly longer to place an endotracheal tube than they did without protective equipment (53.4 seconds and 39.5 seconds, p <0.002). The time to place the King LT was significantly faster than the placement of the endotracheal tube without protective equipment (18.4 seconds and 39.5 seconds, respectively, p <0.00003). There also were statistically significant differences between the time required to place the King LT and endotracheal tube in EMS personnel wearing protective equipment (19.7 seconds and 53.4 seconds, p <0.000007). CONCLUSIONS The King LT Supralaryngeal Airway device may be advantageous in prehospital airway management situations involving multiple patients or hazardous environments. In this study, its insertion was faster than endotracheal intubation when performed by community EMS providers.
Dual roles of a multiprotein complex from S. cerevisiae in transcription and DNA repair

Yeast RNA polymerase II initiation factor b, homolog of human TFIIH, is a protein kinase capable of phosphorylating the C-terminal repeat domain of the polymerase; it possesses a DNA-dependent ATPase activity as well. The 85 kd and 50 kd subunits of factor b are now identified as RAD3 and SSL1 proteins, respectively; both are known to be involved in DNA repair. Factor b interacts specifically with another DNA repair protein, SSL2. The ATPase activity of factor b may be due entirely to that associated with a helicase function of RAD3. Factor b transcriptional activity was unaffected, however, by amino acid substitution at a conserved residue in the RAD3 nucleotide-binding domain, suggesting that the ATPase/helicase function is not required for transcription. These results identify factor b as a core repairosome, which may be responsible for the preferential repair of actively transcribed genes in eukaryotes.
Ethnic disparities in objectively measured physical activity may be due to occupational activity.

Abstract Objectives We examined whether Mexican American adults report occupations that involve higher levels of objectively assessed physical activity compared with Non-Hispanic White and Black adults, and if the differences were independent of income. Methods Data from the 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; N = 2707) were analyzed in 2012–2013. An existing classification scheme was used to classify self-reported occupation as sedentary, low-active, or moderately active. From NHANES accelerometer data, proportion of wear time was stratified by intensity. Results A dose–response relationship was found such that workers in more active occupations spent more time in light-intensity activity and less time engaged in sedentary activities. The findings did not suggest a compensation effect for moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity. Mexican American adults engaged in more activity than Non-Hispanic Black or White adults for incomes between $10,000 and $64,999. Conclusions Mexican American adults may have higher total physical activity levels in NHANES because of occupational activity, particularly among lower income households. To the extent that light-intensity activity may provide health benefits, occupational activity may partly explain the Hispanic paradox.
EEG Correlates of Dream Recall in Depressed Outpatients and Healthy Controls

The present study explored EEG correlates of dream recall in 17 symptomatic, unmedicated depressed patients and in 19 healthy adults. EEG segments from the last 30 minutes of sleep, from the five minutes following morning awakening, and the absolute difference between sleep and waking EEG were contrasted between the two groups of participants during successful dream recall and during no recall. Period amplitude analysis was used to quantify EEG frequencies. Increased high-frequency beta incidence in the right hemisphere and amplitude in both hemispheres during sleep were associated with dream recall in both patient and control groups. Depressed patients also showed higher delta amplitude in both hemispheres during sleep associated with recall, but this effect did not reach significance. With regard to the changes between sleep and wakefiilness, a smaller change in right hemisphere beta and delta incidence characterized successful recall in healthy controls. By contrast, those with depression showed recall success when the sleep/wake shifts in right hemisphere beta and delta incidence were larger. Recall failure was characterized by small EEG shifts from sleep to wakefulness in the depressed group. The same effects were observed for beta and delta amplitude measures, except that healthy controls showed a large shift in delta amplitude in the sleep-wake transition during successful recall but not during recall failure. Recall in those with depression was associated with a dramatic shift in left hemisphere delta amplitude. These findings provide support for Koukkou and Lehmann's (1983, 1993) state-shift hypothesis of dream recall in healthy controls (except for left hemisphere delta amplitude) but not in the depressed. It appears that in order to recall a dream, depressed patients must undergo larger shifts in brain activity and perhaps a different pattern of reorganization of EEG frequencies than controls. This finding may account for the low rates of recall reported previously in this clinical group.
Hydrothermal petroleum in mineralized mounds at the seabed of Guaymas Basin

Petroleum has been dredged from an active hydrothermal mound area in the southern rift of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California. This organic matter is composed of gasoline-range aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and predominantly residual polar asphaltic material. The aliphatic hydrocarbons of two bitumen samples have very different boiling range and composition. Both samples contain polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins, which indicate formation at pyrolytic temperatures. The overall compositional data indicate an origin from biological detritus by thermal alteration and rapid quenching by hydrothermal removal, followed by condensation at the seabed.
Developments in internal combustion engines and implications for combustion science and future transport fuels

Abstract Changes in engine technology, driven by the need to increase the efficiency of the SI engine and reduce NOx and soot from diesel engines, and in transport energy demand will have a profound effect on the properties, specifications and production of future fuels. The expected increase in global demand for transport energy is significantly skewed towards heavier fuels like jet fuel and diesel compared to gasoline. Abnormal combustion such as knock and preignition will become more likely as spark-ignition (SI) engines develop to become more efficient and fuel antiknock quality will become more important. In current and future SI engines, for a given RON (research octane number), a fuel of lower MON (motor octane number) has better antiknock quality. Current fuel specifications in several parts of the world assume that MON contributes to antiknock quality and will need to be revised as the mismatch with engine requirements widens. Diesel engines need to maintain efficiency while reducing emissions of soot and NOx. Soot and NOx can be controlled more easily if such engines are run on fuels of extremely low cetane. In the long term compression ignition engines could run on fuels which require less processing in the refinery compared to today’s fuels. Such an engine/fuel system could be significantly cheaper and also help mitigate the expected demand imbalance in favour of heavier fuels. The review concludes with a list of issues for combustion science that are relevant to this fuel and engine development.
Prostaglandin E2 receptor antagonist (SC-19220) treatment restores the balance to bone marrow myelopoiesis after burn sepsis.

Background Although prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been shown to be immunosuppressive, its role in the development of specific bone marrow myeloid lineages after thermal injury and sepsis has yet to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that alterations in bone marrow progenitor proliferation favoring monocytopoiesis in burn sepsis can be restored by blocking the cellular interactions of PGE2. Methods A murine model of burn sepsis with and without treatment with SC-19220, a PGE2 receptor antagonist, was used to determine peripheral monocyte and neutrophil counts as well as the colony forming potential of colony-stimulating factor responsive bone marrow progenitors. Results Burn sepsis augmented the growth of the early colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage and monocyte progenitors and the number of circulating monocytes, whereas granulocyte progenitors and circulating neutrophils demonstrated an opposite response. Treatment with SC-19220 nearly reversed these alterations. Conclusion These data indicate that abrogating PGE2's actions during burn sepsis can restore the balance in bone marrow granulocyte and monocyte production, further consolidating the pivotal role PGE2 plays in the pathogenesis of burn sepsis.
Effect of 2alpha-hydroxyursolic acid on NF-kappaB activation induced by TNF-alpha in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells.

Apples are one of the largest contributors of fruit phenolics of all fruits consumed by Americans and contain a variety of bioactive compounds, which have health benefits. Consumption of apples has been linked to reduced risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Apple extracts have been shown to have the capabilities of inhibiting NF-κB activation in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. 2α-Hydroxyursolic acid is one of the major triterpenoids isolated from apple peels, and its effects on cell proliferation and TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation in MCF-7 cells were examined. 2α-Hydroxyursolic acid significantly inhibited MCF-7 cell proliferation at doses of 20 μM (p < 0.05). Preincubation with 2α-hydroxyursolic acid suppressed TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation in a dose-dependent manner and significantly inhibited the activation at a dose of 20 μM of 2α-hydroxyursolic acid (p < 0.05). 2α-Hydroxyursolic acid treatment did not affect the phosphorylation level of NF-κB inhibitor (IκB-α), but pr...
The aging biological clock in Neurospora crassa

The biological clock affects aging through ras-1 (bd) and lag-1, and these two longevity genes together affect a clock phenotype and the clock oscillator in Neurospora crassa. Using an automated cell-counting technique for measuring conidial longevity, we show that the clock-associated genes lag-1 and ras-1 (bd) are true chronological longevity genes. For example, wild type (WT) has an estimated median life span of 24 days, while the double mutant lag-1, ras-1 (bd) has an estimated median life span of 120 days for macroconidia. We establish the biochemical function of lag-1 by complementing LAG1 and LAC1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with lag-1 in N. crassa. Longevity genes can affect the clock as well in that, the double mutant lag-1, ras-1 (bd) can stop the circadian rhythm in asexual reproduction (i.e., banding in race tubes) and lengthen the period of the frequency oscillator to 41 h. In contrast to the ras-1 (bd), lag-1 effects on chronological longevity, we find that this double mutant undergoes replicative senescence (i.e., the loss of replication function with time), unlike WT or the single mutants, lag-1 and ras-1 (bd). These results support the hypothesis that sphingolipid metabolism links aging and the biological clock through a common stress response.
Autologous cultured fibroblast injection for facial contour deformities: a prospective, placebo-controlled, Phase III clinical trial.

BACKGROUND Previous data indicate that injections of autologous fibroblasts increase collagen formation, accompanied by a concomitant increase in thickness and density of dermal collagen. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine efficacy and side effects of autologous living fibroblast injections versus placebo in a randomized Phase III trial for the treatment of various facial contour defects. METHODS This was a double-blind, randomized comparison of injectable living autologous fibroblast cells and placebo for the treatment of facial contour defects (N=215). Live fibroblasts (20 million/mL) or placebo (the transport medium without living cells) were given as three doses administered at 1- to 2-week intervals. Efficacy evaluations were performed 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months after the first injection. RESULTS Living fibroblasts produced statistically significantly greater improvements in dermal deformities and acne scars than did placebo. The difference between live fibroblast injections and placebo achieved statistical significance at 6 months (p<.0001). At 9- and 12-month follow-up, live fibroblast–treated patients continued to demonstrate benefit from treatment with response rates of 75.0 and 81.6%, respectively. No serious treatment-related adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that autologous fibroblast injections can safely and effectively produce improvements in rhytids, acne scars, and other dermal defects continuing for at least 12 months after injection.
The modeling of sharing: Effects associated with vicarious reinforcement, symbolization, age, and generalization

Abstract Four groups of young children matched for age, sex, and the sharing of candy were shown either a model sharing, a model sharing and being rewarded a model sharing, being rewarded, and told why he was rewarded, or no model. Posttests on similar and different kinds of sharing resulted in significant effects of modeling, with the reinforcement-with-instruction proving most powerful. Rewarded modeling was no more effective than modeling without reward. Sharing was significantly and directly associated with age. The sexes were the same in total amount shared but different with respect to which resource they preferred to share. Little generalization of modeling effects to other kinds of altruism occurred.