cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trauma and Burns

Trauma is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children aged over 1 year. Whilst the management of children after trauma follows the same principles as adults, there are unique features of pediatric trauma. The patterns of injuries are different in children of different ages. Children have a large head, making them prone to head injury, but also prone to upper cervical spine injuries rather than the lower cervical spine affected in adults. Head trauma tends to cause diffuse, axonal injury and cerebral edema rather than focal collections. The relatively flexible tissues of children allow great force to be transmitted internally, and there can be significant injury in the chest or abdomen with few external signs. Once injured, a child can compensate for significant blood loss and maintain a relatively normal blood pressure, before sudden decompensation and cardiovascular collapse. Children are also prone to burns—scalds in young child, flame burns in older children. Children with large burns are prone to hypothermia and hyponatremia during fluid resuscitation, and quickly become catabolic after their burn.
The X-Culture Coaching Program: Learning Team Management Through Practice

The X-Culture Coaching Program is designed to provide students who have successfully completed the X-Culture Project as members of global virtual team to continue learning international business through experience, now as coaches. The trainees receive a four-week training in how to manage global virtual teams, resolve cross-cultural conflicts, and provide effective feedback, followed by practical training where they serve as coaches to hundreds of global virtual teams. The chapter provides a detailed review of the program design, the challenge related to recruitment and training of the program participants, and suggestions of best practices for administering programs of this kinds.
A database of test results from steel and reinforced concrete infilled frame experiments

Extensive experimental investigations into the behavior of reinforcement concrete and steel frames with infill have been conducted worldwide. However, there are very few systematically created and ...
ArcherGear: data race equivalencing for expeditious HPC debugging

There is growing uptake of shared memory parallelism in high performance computing, and this has increased the need for data race checking during the creation of new parallel codes or parallelizing existing sequential codes. While race checking concepts and implementations have been around for many concurrency models, including tasking models such as Cilk and PThreads (e.g., the Thread Sanitizer tool), practically usable race checkers for other APIs such as OpenMP have been lagging. For example, the OpenMP parallelization of an important library (namely Hypre) was initially unsuccessful due to inexplicable nondeterminism introduced when the code was optimized, and later root-caused to a race by the then recently developed OpenMP race checker Archer [2]. The open-source Archer now enjoys significant traction within several organizations.
Welcome to the jungle: Algal turf negatively affects recruitment of a Caribbean octocoral

O_LIAlgal cover has increased and scleractinian coral cover has steadily declined over the past 40 years on Caribbean coral reefs. In contrast, octocoral abundance has increased at those sites where octocoral abundances have been monitored. The effects of algal cover on recruitment may be a key component in these patterns, as upright octocoral recruits have the potential to escape competition with algae by growing above the ubiquitous algal turfs. However, the impacts of algal turf on octocorals have not been tested. C_LIO_LIWe used laboratory and field recruitment experiments to examine impacts of algal turf on settlement and then survival of newly-settled octocorals. Tiles were preconditioned on a Caribbean reef, allowing algae to settle and grow. Tiles were then partitioned into three treatments: lightly scrubbed (0% turf cover), left alone (19% turf cover), or kept for 15 days in a sea table without fish or large invertebrate herbivores (50% turf cover). Planulae of the common Caribbean octocoral Plexaura homomalla were allowed to settle and metamorphose on the tiles for six days. Tiles were then deployed onto a reef and survival of those recruits was monitored for seven weeks. Settlers that recruited to the tiles after deployment to the reef were also monitored. C_LIO_LILaboratory recruitment rate was significantly higher in lower turf cover treatments. Field survival was significantly reduced by increased turf cover; for every 1% increase in turf cover, polyps died 1.3% faster. In a model parameterized by the observed field survival, polyps exposed to 100% turf cover had a 2% survival rate over 51 days, while polyps exposed to no turf cover had a 32% survival rate over the same time. C_LIO_LISynthesis. We found that high densities of turf algae can significantly inhibit recruitment of octocorals. Octocoral survival rates were similar to those published for scleractinians, but field settlement rates were much higher, which likely contributes to the higher resilience of octocorals to disturbances. The factors that influence recruitment are critical in understanding the dynamics of octocorals on Caribbean reefs as continuing declines in scleractinian cover may lead to more octocoral-dominated communities in the Caribbean. C_LI
Association Between Blood Lead Level and Uncontrolled Hypertension in the US Population (NHANES 1999-2016).

Background This study aims to explore whether higher blood lead levels (BLL) may be associated with failure to control blood pressure and subsequent uncontrolled hypertension. Methods and Results W...
Motivational Interviewing for Overweight Children: A Systematic Review.

CONTEXT: Motivational interviewing (MI) is a communication method to help facilitate adherence to health behaviors through a series of person-centered strategies. MI’s evidence base supports its use as a potential intervention strategy at the parental decision-maker level to impact young children’s lifestyle behaviors to address childhood obesity; however, clarity is needed on the literature. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this systematic review is to synthesize the literature examining the use of MI at the parental level to impact young children’s weight status. DATA SOURCES: A modified Cochrane method of systematic search and review was conducted in several databases (eg, PsycINFO, Academic Search Premier, Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, and SPORTDiscus). STUDY SELECTION: Criteria for retention included randomized controlled trials and studies using varied settings, methods, interventionists, target behaviors, and outcomes. DATA EXTRACTION: Extraction domains included study characteristics and risk of bias. RESULTS: Of the 352 references initially identified, 7 studies were included in the review. In most studies, authors reported significant anthropometric changes as well as significant changes in nonanthropometric outcomes related to weight management compared to usual care. LIMITATIONS: The heterogeneity of the included studies and lack of comparison with attention control groups may cloud generalizations. Studies not written in English were excluded, possibly biasing the results. CONCLUSIONS: MI, compared to usual care, revealed positive effects for parent influence on young child anthropometric measures when applied. Future research should be focused on sample diversity, using attention control groups, using exercise physiologists for MI delivery, and reporting sex-specific results.
What Comprises Well-being at Workplace? A Qualitative Inquiry Among Service Sector Employees in India:

The notion of well-being has been evolving as research continues to unfurl its multidimensional nature. The importance of well-being in the organizational context is becoming a valuable line of inq...
New or Worsened Mitral Regurgitation After Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: A Systematic Review:

BackgroundNew or worsened mitral regurgitation (MR) is an uncommon yet serious complication after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). While there have been numerous reports of its occurrence,...
The effect of test conditions on sliding abrasion-corrosion synergy of D2 tool steel in a salt slurry

Abstract Synergy between wear and corrosion has been widely observed in many tribo-corrosion systems. To help material selections in industrial applications, lab testing are often conducted. Since no lab testing can duplicate all conditions in a particular application, it is important to understand the effect of test parameters on the synergy of a given tribo-system so that lab results can be appropriately correlated/applied to the target application. In this study, an abrasion-corrosion test system based on a modified Miller tester has been used to investigate the effect of sliding speed and test duration on the abrasion-corrosion synergism of a D2 tool steel in a salt slurry. The study is relevant for many industrial applications such as autosamplers (sleeves) for slurry sampling, plunger or positive displacement slurry pumps, and dredging machinery. The results showed that total corrosion rate increases rapidly with sliding speed and reaches some almost constant value above a sliding speed of 16 rpm (revolutions per minute). The contribution of pure corrosion to total abrasion-corrosion loss is negligible ( A conceptual model has been proposed to explain the results based on the relative severity of the two competing processes that cause the total material loss during abrasion-corrosion, i.e., the electrochemical process (corrosion) and the mechanical process (abrasion).
Capitalist theory and socialist practice: The organization of Chinese mathematics in the early 1950s

This article explores how the Chinese state organized scientific research in the 1950s, through a case study of mathematics. By examining the organizing process of the Chinese Mathematical Society and the establishment of the Institute of Mathematics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the article explains how a number of state agents were selected to lead national level research institutes as a means for guiding scientists in serving the needs of the state. In addition, under state corporatism, all scientists were attached to discipline-specific academic societies, forming a large hierarchy consisting of societies at different levels. When the political leaders needed to transform the agendas of the scientists, these organizations served as channels for communicating to constituent members what to do. Given this kind of organizational structure in the early days of the People's Republic of China, it was hard to differentiate between scientists and the organizational apparatus, especially for the scientists holding top-level leadership positions. Nevertheless, this study shows that individual researchers often resisted official mandates and found ways to pursue independent research interests by employing the state's rhetoric.
Sport Specialization Behaviors Are Associated With History of Reported Injury in Youth Basketball.

Background There is significant emerging evidence that early sport specialization is a potential risk factor for injury in youth sports. Despite basketball being the most popular youth team sport in the United States, sport specialization research, specifically in youth basketball players, has been limited. The purpose of this paper was to examine the association of sport specialization behaviors with injury history by surveying a nationally representative sample of parents of youth basketball athletes. We hypothesized that athletes who specialized in basketball, participated on multiple teams at the same time, and traveled regularly for basketball competitions would be more likely to report a basketball-related injury in the previous year. Methods A nationally representative sample of 805 parents of 805 youth basketball players (female N=241, 29.9%; age: 12.9±2.5 y old) completed an online questionnaire that had 3 sections: (1) parent/child demographics, (2) child basketball participation information for the previous year, and (3) child basketball injury history in the previous year. Multivariate logistic regression examined the associations between variables of interest and injury history, adjusting for covariates. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for the variables of interest from the logistic regression model. Results Highly specialized athletes were more likely than low specialization athletes to report history of basketball injury in the previous year [OR (95% CI): 2.47 (1.25-4.88), P=0.009]. The odds of reporting an injury in the previous year were twice as great among athletes who played on a basketball team at the same time as another sport team compared with those who played basketball only [OR (95% CI): 1.98 (1.30-3.01), P=0.001]. The odds of reporting an injury in the previous year were 3 times greater among athletes who received private coaching compared with those who did not receive private coaching [OR (95% CI): 2.91 (1.97-4.31), P Conclusion Specialization in basketball, along with several other behaviors that have become typical of modern youth sport participation, were associated with reported injury history. Further prospective research is necessary to determine whether sport specialization behaviors increase the risk of injury in youth basketball. Level of evidence Level III-cross-sectional study.
Variation of the electrocatalytic activity of isostructural oxides Sr2LaFeMnO7 and Sr2LaCoMnO7 for hydrogen and oxygen-evolution reactions

The effect of the electronic configurations of transition metals on electrocatalytic activity, charge transport, and magnetic properties is demonstrated through the investigation of Sr2LaFeMnO7 and Sr2LaCoMnO7. The two compounds are isostructural and contain bilayer stacks of octahedrally coordinated transition metals. Despite their structural similarity, the magnetic transition temperature of Sr2LaCoMnO7 is significantly lower than that of Sr2LaFeMnO7. The electrical charge-transport properties are also different, where Sr2LaCoMnO7 shows considerably improved electrical conductivity. Importantly, the electrocatalytic activities for the two half-reactions of water-splitting, i.e., the hydrogen-evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen-evolution reaction (OER), are improved in Sr2LaCoMnO7 compared to Sr2LaFeMnO7. In addition, better kinetics for the HER and OER are observed for Sr2LaCoMnO7, as evaluated by the Tafel method. Furthermore, the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) shows an enhancement for Sr2LaCoMnO7. Therefore, the trends in electrical charge transport, the HER and OER activities, kinetics and ECSA are all similar, indicating the improved properties of Sr2LaCoMnO7. These changes are explained in the context of a greater bond covalency in this material due to the higher electronegativity of Co, which results in a better overlap between the transition metal d orbital and oxygen p orbital. The relation between the electrocatalytic performance and the optimum eg orbital occupancy in Sr2LaCoMnO7 is also discussed.
Risk of Biliary Events After Selective Cholecystectomy During Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch

Approximately 20 % of adults over 40 years of age in the USA develop cholelithiasis (Topart et al. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 9(4):526–30, 2013). Despite a higher incidence of biliary complications reported in postbariatric patients, it remains controversial whether simultaneous routine cholecystectomy should be performed during biliopancreatic diversion and duodenal switch (BPD/DS) or if a selective approach is more appropriate. The aim of this study was to evaluate incidence of biliary complications in patients who underwent BPD/DS without simultaneous cholecystectomy. Retrospective review of all patients who underwent BPD/DS between 2006 and 2012 was performed. A total of 361 consecutive patients were included in the study with mean age of 44.8 years (range 20–72), mean body weight of 317.2 lbs (range 205–547), and average body mass index (BMI) of 50.5 kg/m2 (range 34–71.4). Ninety-seven patients were males (26.8 %). Out of 239 patients who still had their gallbladder after the BPD/DS, 52 patients (22.7 %) developed subsequent biliary symptoms (13 patients (5.4 %) in the first year, 25 (11 %) in the second year, and 14 (6.1 %) beyond the second year). During the study period, 40 patients eventually underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and 11 had urgent cholecystectomy (9 laparoscopic and 2 open). One patient underwent open common bile duct exploration for ascending cholangitis. Average follow-up was 31 months (12–72 months) with follow-up rate of 95.6 % at 12 months and 92.8 % at 18 months. Leaving normal gallbladder in situ after BPD/DS is associated with an acceptable risk of biliary events. Risk of developing common bile duct stones is low; however, it may create treatment challenges.
Chapter 4 – Barium in the Ocean

Publisher Summary Barium is the fourteenth most abundant element in the continental crust of the earth with an average concentration in soils and sediments of about 400 μg/g dry wt and a range from less than 1 μg/g to atleast 2,000 μg/g. Barium, because of its relatively large crystal radius, does not substitute readily for calcium during natural or biogenic precipitation of calcite. As an alkaline earth element (Group IIA of the periodic table), barium shares many physical and chemical properties with the other alkaline earths, which include beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and radium. Barium readily loses its outer two electrons, forming a divalent cation (Ba+2) in solution. However, because it has a relatively low ionic potential, it goes into aqueous solution as the hydrated ion. The solubility of barium in seawater is controlled largely by the low solubility product of barium sulfate (barite). The solubility of barite in the ocean tends to increase with depth. Recent investigations have shown that most ocean waters are under-saturated with respect to barite. The maximum saturation level of the oceans with respect to marine barite is 63% in the Atlantic, 88% in the Indian Ocean, and 111 % in the Pacific. The depth of maximum barite saturation is 1,000 m in the Atlantic and 2,000 m in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. However, the concentration of dissolved barium is in equilibrium with barite in most surface and deep waters throughout the world.
Construction and analysis of multiparameter prognostic models for melanoma outcome.

The outcome of Stage II melanoma is uncertain. Despite that 10-year melanoma-specific survival can approach 50% following curative-intent wide local excision and negative sentinel lymph node biopsy, the adverse risk-benefit ratio of interferon-based adjuvant regimens precludes their use in most patients. The discovery and translation of protein-based prognostic biomarkers into the clinic offers the promise for residual risk stratification of Stage II melanoma patients beyond conventional clinicopathologic criteria to identify an additional subset of patients who, based upon tumor molecular profiles, might also derive benefit from adjuvant regimens. Despite incorporation of Ki-67 assays into clinical practice, systematic review of REMARK-compliant, immunostain-based prognostic biomarker assays in melanoma suggests that residual risk of recurrence might be best explained by a composite score derived from a small panel of proteins representing independent features of melanoma biology. Reflecting this trend, to date, 5 such multi-parameter melanoma prognostic models have been published. Here, we review these 5 models and provide detailed protocols for discovering and validating multi-parameter models including: appropriate cohort recruitment strategies, comprehensive laboratory protocols supporting fully quantitative chromogenic or fluorescent immunostaining platforms, statistical approaches to create composite prognostic indices recommended steps for model validation in independent cohorts.
Seeing a Colleague Encourage a Student to Make an Assumption while Proving: What Teachers Put in Play when Casting an Episode of Instruction.

This article reports on an investigation of how teachers of geometry perceived an episode of instruction presented to them as a case of engaging students in proving. Confirming what was hypothesized, participants found it remarkable that a teacher would allow a student to make an assumption while proving. But they perceived this episode in various ways, casting the episode as one of as many as 10 different stories. Those different castings of the episode make use of intellectual resources for professional practice that practitioners could use to negotiate the norms of a situation in which they had made a tactical but problematic move. This collection of stories attests to the effectiveness of the technique used for eliciting the rationality of mathematics teaching: By confronting practitioners with episodes of teaching in which some norms have been breached, one can learn about the rationality underlying the norms of customary teaching.
Huge networks, tiny faulty nodes

Can one build, and efficiently use, networks of arbitrary size and topology using a "standard" node whose resources, in terms of memory and reliability, do not need to scale up with the complexity and size of the network? This thesis addresses two important aspects of this question. The first is whether one can achieve efficient connectivity despite the presence of a constant probability of faults per node/link. Efficient connectivity means (informally) having every pair of regions connected by a constant fraction of the independent, entirely non-faulty paths that would be present if the entire network were fault free - even at distances where each path has only a vanishingly small probability of being fault-free. The answer is yes, as long as some very mild topological conditions on the high level structure of the network are met - informally, if the network is not too "thin" and if it does not contain too many large "holes". The results go against some established "empyrical wisdom" in the networking community. The second issue addressed by this thesis is whether one can route efficiently on a network of arbitrarly size and topology using only a constant number c of bits/node (even if c is less than the logarithm of the network's size!). Routing efficiently means (informally) that message delivery should only stretch the delivery path by a constant factor. The answer again is yes, as long as the volume of the network grows only polynomially with its radius (otherwise, we run into established lower bounds). This effectively captures every network one may build in a universe (like our own) with finite dimensionality using links of a fixed, maximum length and nodes with a fixed, minimum volume. The results extend the current results for compact routing, allowing one to route efficiently on a much larger class of networks than had previously been known, with many fewer bits. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Order, Topology, and Preference

Some standard order-related and topological notions, facts, and methods are brought to bear on central topics in the theory of preference and the theory of optimization. Consequences of connectivity are considered, especially from the viewpoint of normally preordered spaces. Examples are given showing how the theory of preference, or utility theory, can be applied to social analysis.
Mechanical circulatory support improves diabetic control in patients with advanced heart failure

Aims Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are increasingly being used as life-saving therapy for end-stage advanced heart failure. Diabetes is prevalent in advanced heart failure patients. In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of mechanical circulatory support on diabetic parameters with LVAD implantation. Methods and results In this retrospective study, data on 244 LVAD recipients between 2006 and 2013 were reviewed. Patients without history of diabetes, death within the first 3 months after LVAD implantation, heart transplantation after LVAD, or LVAD explantation were excluded from the study. Baseline demographic, laboratory, and echocardiographic information prior to LVAD placement and 6-month follow-up were obtained. Laboratory values indicative of diabetic control were found to improve significantly at 6 months post-LVAD implantation (glycated haemoglobin, 7.2 vs. 6.1%, P < 0.0001; serum fasting glucose, 141 vs. 122 mg/dL, P = 0.003; mean daily insulin dose, 30 vs. 24 IU/day, P = 0.02). Additionally, the use of oral hypoglycaemic medication was successfully discontinued in six patients at 6 months post-LVAD implantation. Conclusions Long-term LVAD therapy is associated with improvement in diabetic control which is probabvly due to improvements in cardiac output and normalization of biochemical derangements resulting from diabetes.
The Experience Machine and Mental State Theories of Well-being

L'A. se propose de defendre les theories mentales du bien-etre contre l'experience de pensee de R. Nozick fondee sur l'idee d'une machine a experiences (in «Anarchy, State and Utopia»). Examinant la notion de bien-etre personnel chez L. W. Summer et J. Griffin, l'A. rejette la proposition de toute vie alternative qui, au profit d'un plus grand plaisir ou d'une utilite maximale, exige l'abandon de notre vie et de nos engagements actuels. Refusant tout sacrifice du bien-etre aux valeurs et aux interactions rivales, l'A. montre que les theories de l'etat mental sont capables de rendre compte de ces intuitions qui nous poussent a un sacrifice apparent
A clinical evaluation of the comparable efficacy of hyaluronic acid-based foam and ceramide-containing emulsion cream in the treatment of mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis.

Summary Background A variety of prescription devices have been developed to improve barrier function in persons with atopic dermatitis. These products are based primarily on the use of occlusive agents to decrease transepidermal water loss, creating an environment for optimal healing. Aim A newly developed hyaluronic acid based, pH neutral foam technology formulated to maximize humectancy and normalize transepidermal waster loss was evaluated for its ability to optimize barrier function while minimizing unnecessary irritation. Methods This double blind split body study enrolled 20 subjects with mild to moderate symmetrical atopic dermatitis involving body surface area greater than or equal to 10% using the arms or the legs as the target site. Subjects were randomized to apply the hyaluronic acid based emollient foam or the reference ceramide-containing emulsion cream to one side of the body with the other test product applied to the opposite side. Subject and investigator ratings were made for erythema, scaling, lichenification, excoriation, itching, stinging, and burning at baseline, week 2, and week 4. Results Both formulations achieved statistically significant improvement in all clinical signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis by week 4, however the hyaluronic acid foam achieved statistically significant improvement in overall eczema severity by week 2, whereas the ceramide-containing emulsion cream did not. The subject’s preference statistically significantly favored the foam in terms of ability to spread, moisturize, ease of use, and lack of odor. In addition, the foam was preferred for effectiveness and ability to soothe. Conclusion A prescription hyaluronic acid based foam device offers an aesthetic formulation with excellent efficacy in patients requiring an environment for barrier repair with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis.
Information systems curriculum: some concerns

The information systems (IS) discipline faces greater challenges now than at any time; the main challenge is low enrolment. The college curriculum in IS is revisited and often changed in institutions of higher education to reflect the changes in the field. Many programmes are closely following the curriculum guidelines of a widely recognised IS model. However, the decrease in enrolment in IS programmes has motivated many institutions to be innovative in the design of their curricula in order to attract more students to their programmes. Therefore, it is important to study how to redesign the curriculum for survival in the current economic environment. An understanding of these programmes will help us create a more consistent CIS/MIS curriculum that will be challenging and yet attractive to more students. One hundred four IS programmes are evaluated in the USA. The main purpose is to compare these programmes with the 2009-IS model and show the differences that exist between these programmes regarding core and elective courses credit hours. The results show a significant difference between institutions of higher education with respect to core and elective course credit hour offerings in their IS programmes.
Role of adsorption activation energy in heat change of irreversible dissociative adsorption with coverage on energetically heterogeneous solid surface

The differential heat of gas adsorption on solid surface is often used to determine surface energy heterogeneity. In this paper, the theoretical analysis of irreversible dissociative adsorption on double-site surfaces shows that the change of differential adsorption heat with coverage is strongly dependent on the difference of adsorption activation energies between active sites. Furthermore, it was found that a discontinuous double-site surface can exhibit continuous changes of differential adsorption heat with coverage. This indicates that the distribution functions obtained from the relationship between differential adsorption heat and coverage may provide an incorrect characteristic of surface energetic heterogeneity.
Using electronic surveys to gather information on physician practices during a response to a local epidemic--Rhode Island, 2011.

Abstract Background Electronic invitations may improve physician response rates to participate in internet surveys administered by public health agencies. Methods Following an increase in reported HIV/syphilis co-infection diagnoses among men-who-have-sex-with-men in Rhode Island, we invited the state's 700 adult primary care and emergency medicine physicians via e-mail to participate in an online, multiple choice survey covering their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding sexually transmitted diseases and HIV testing and prevention. Survey invitations were released in three waves over 28 days, triggered by declining daily response rates. Results Among 53% (n = 372) who agreed to participate, 68% (n = 252) completed all questions. Response was higher among internal medicine physicians than either family medicine or emergency medicine physicians (63% vs. 20% and 19%, respectively; P Conclusion This approach supported the Rhode Island Department of Health in rapidly gathering useful physician practice information during an outbreak. Internet-based survey tools coupled with increased prevalence of mobile communication devices and social media could greatly decrease the time and cost of shoe-leather epidemiology.
Memórias manchadas e ruínas memoriais em A mancha e "O condomínio", de Luis Fernando Veríssimo

Este artigo propoe que locais esquizofrenicos da memoria – locais construidos como palimpsestos de varias (e muitas vezes contraditorias) versoes do passado – estao conectados com o que o antropologo James Holston (2008) denomina de “cidadania diferenciada”. O artigo estabelece uma analogia entre os direitos diferenciados da memoria e as disposicoes constitucionais que legalizam as diferencas sociais e civis e que, segundo Holston, sao uma das caracteristicas da cidadania diferenciada.
Learning to Speak Out About Racism: Youths' Insights on Participation in an Intergroup Dialogues Program

This case study of an intergroup dialogue program explores youth engagement and learning about race in a group setting and includes a youth-led participatory program evaluation. The case study offers insights on the learning experience and context of youth engagement in community-based intergroup dialogues. Themes include (1) discussing race, (2) learning skills to communicate across different races, (3) grappling with privilege and oppression, and (4) developing leadership. Implications for social work practice with groups for community changes are discussed.
Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins in the term and preterm human fetus and neonate with normal and extremes of intrauterine growth

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), and insulin are believed to be important in the regulation of fetal and neonatal growth. We previously reported that the profiles of IGFBPs in fetal cord serum (FCS) were dependent on the growth/metabolic status of the fetus. The goals of the current study were to examine the IGF system in FCS from term fetuses with normal growth, those with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), and those who were large for gestational age (LGA) and in FCS from normal weight preterm (25-37 weeks) and term fetuses in the neonatal period from the day of birth (day 0) until 7 days of age (day 7). Western ligand blotting (WLB) of term FCS revealed IGFBPs with mol wt of 43 and 38 kilodaltons (kDa; IGFBP-3), 34 kDa (IGFBP-2), 28 kDa (IGFBP-1 and glycosylated IGFBP-4), and 24 kDa (IGFBP-4). In IUGR FCS, there was a 50% decrease in IGFBP-3 detected by WLB, which was shown not to be due to an IGFBP-3 protease in IUGR sera. In LGA FCS, IGFBP-3 levels were elevated 2-fold by densitometric analysis of ligand blots. In normal term FCS, the following levels (+/- SE) were present: IGF-I, 76 +/- 16; IGF-II, 401 +/- 38; IGFBP-3, 700 +/- 112; IGFBP-1, 77 +/- 10 ng/mL; and insulin, 3.8 +/- 1.6 microU/mL. In IUGR FCS, IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 were significantly reduced, and IGFBP-1 was 7-fold higher than in FCS from normal weight fetuses. In LGA FCS, IGF-I, insulin, and IGFBP-3 were significantly increased, whereas IGFBP-1 was significantly decreased. During the neonatal period, IGF-I levels on day 0 were 4-fold higher in FCS from term (38-40 weeks) compared to preterm (25-31 weeks) newborns. FCS IGF-II levels did not change significantly on day 0 between 25-40 weeks gestation. In the first 7 days of postnatal life, IGF-I levels were unchanged in preterm newborns, whereas in term neonates, IGF-I levels decreased precipitously on day 1, remained low during the first 3 days of life, and returned to birth levels by the end of the first week. In contrast, IGF-II and IGFBP-3 levels did not significantly change during the first week of life in preterm or term newborns.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Electronic states in continuous random networks: Rivier lines as half-integer magnetic flux lines.

We develop a simple effective-mass formalism for studying the effect of the Rivier lines (odd lines) on the electronic states in a tight-binding model defined for continuous random networks. Rivier lines act like infinitely thin fictitious solenoids carrying half-integer magnetic flux quanta for states close to the antibonding end of the band. The electron feels the effect of these flux lines through a ``vector potential.'' Half-integer flux quanta of the flux lines ensure time-reversal invariance of the Hamiltonian. We briefly discuss some consequences of the peculiar properties of the Rivier lines and applications of our effective-mass formalism.
Gene Targeting Reveals a Critical Role for Neurturin in the Development and Maintenance of Enteric, Sensory, and Parasympathetic Neurons

Abstract Neurturin (NTN) is a neuronal survival factor that activates the Ret tyrosine kinase in the presence of a GPI-linked coreceptor (either GFRα1 or GFRα2). Neurturin-deficient (NTN −/− ) mice generated by homologous recombination are viable and fertile but have defects in the enteric nervous system, including reduced myenteric plexus innervation density and reduced gastrointestinal motility. Parasympathetic innervation of the lacrimal and submandibular salivary gland is dramatically reduced in NTN −/− mice, indicating that Neurturin is a neurotrophic factor for parasympathetic neurons. GFRα2-expressing cells in the trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia are also depleted in NTN −/− mice. The loss of GFRα2-expressing neurons, in conjunction with earlier studies, provides strong support for GFRα2/Ret receptor complexes as the critical mediators of NTN function in vivo.
An object-oriented approach for analysing and characterizing urban landscape at the parcel level

This paper presents an object-oriented approach for analysing and characterizing the urban landscape structure at the parcel level using high-resolution digital aerial imagery and LIght Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data. Additional spatial datasets including property parcel boundaries and building footprints were used to both facilitate object segmentation and obtain greater classification accuracy. The study area is the Gwynns Falls watershed, which includes portions of Baltimore City and Baltimore County, MD. A three-level hierarchical network of image objects was generated, and objects were classified. At the two lower levels, objects were classified into five classes, building, pavement, bare soil, fine textured vegetation and coarse textured vegetation, respectively. The object-oriented classification approach proved to be effective for urban land cover classification. The overall accuracy of the classification was 92.3%, and the overall Kappa statistic was 0.899. Land cover proportions as well as vegetation characteristics were then summarized by property parcel. This exercise resulted in a knowledge base of rules for urban land cover classification, which could potentially be applied to other urban areas.
A Strategic Management Framework for IT Outsourcing: A Review of the Literature and the Development of a Success Factors Model

AbstractSince the landmark decision in 1989 by Kodak to outsource its Information Technology (IT) services, large scale IT outsourcing has become an accepted and viable alternative for IT managers. The objective of early outsourcing efforts was lower cost; however today the motivation is often more strategic in nature with the goal of improving the business’ competitive advantage. Researchers have suggested several best practices to help ensure IT outsourcing objectives are achieved and deliverables completed long after the contracts have been signed; however there is no documented IT outsourcing framework. The motivation for this paper is to develop a framework for managing IT outsourcing engagements. To fill this gap in the research this paper presents an integrated Information Technology (IT) outsourcing framework that considers the following factors: IT alignment, contracts, infrastructure and technology, culture, strategic partnership, management support, governance and economics. This framework is a...
On delayed averages of Brownian motion in Banach spaces

Let {W(t): t ≥ 0} be μ-Brownian motion in a real separable Banach space B, and let aT be a nondecreasing function of T for which (i) 0 < aT ≤ T (T ≥ 0), (ii) aTT is nonincreasing. We establish a Strassen limit theorem for the net {ξT: T ≥ 3}, where ξT =W(T + taT) − W(T){2aT[log(TaT) + log log T]}12, 0 ⩽ t ⩽ 1
Interagency psychiatric consultation liaison nursing peer review and peer board: Quality assurance and empowerment

This article describes the implementation of an interagency peer review group and formal review board for psychiatric consultation liaison nurses (PCLN) practicing in affiliated institutions. Peer group members enhance their skill levels, assure quality standards of practice, and implement system changes through peer collaboration and member feedback. The model assures quality PCLN practice, fosters member resilience, creates a counterbalance for PCLN role isolation, and provides professional empowerment. The authors also disclose the peer group members' struggle and resolution to implement the mandated task of the annual performance review through the process of the PCLN formal peer review board.
Beliefs About Psychological Services (BAPS): development and psychometric properties

A scale to measure attitudes towards seeking psychological help was developed (Beliefs About Psychological Services [BAPS]) and evaluated. This scale was based on items gathered from students, colleagues, and the authors when asked about common positive and negative attitudes toward psychologists and their services. Items were also based on the Fischer and Turner (1970) Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Services (ATSPPH) measure. Three studies are reported describing the construction and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the BAPS. The BAPS is an 18-item measure consisting of three subscales: Intent, Stigma Tolerance, and Expertness. Support was found for the reliability and validity of the measure.
Searching for Meaning in Everyday Life: Gay Men Negotiating Selves in the HIV Spectrum

Based on a prospective ethnographic study of gay men living with HIV infection, perceived quality of life is examined via the integration of life events into life-story narratives. Most prominent among life events for these men were loss of friends due to AIDS and deterioration of their own health as a result of HIV-related illnesses. The experiences of four men among 20 interviewed are singled out to demonstrate the range of narrative strategies employed to deal with the social course of illness. The surprising appeal to this group of men of u twelve-step" groups is examined in terms of liminality and communitas.
Institutional and ecological interplay for successful self-governance of community-based fisheries

Abstract The goal of this paper is to improve our understanding of the role of institutional arrangements and ecological factors that facilitate the emergence and sustainability of successful collective action in small-scale fishing social–ecological systems. Using a modified logistic growth function, we simulate how ecological factors (i.e. carrying capacity) affect small-scale fishing communities with varying degrees of institutional development (i.e. timeliness to adopt new institutions and the degree to which harvesting effort is reduced), in their ability to avoid overexploitation. Our results show that strong and timely institutions are necessary but not sufficient to maintain sustainable harvests over time. The sooner communities adopt institutions, and the stronger the institutions they adopt, the more likely they are to sustain the resource stock. Exactly how timely the institutions must be adopted, and by what amount harvesting effort must be diminished, depends on the ecological carrying capacity of the species at the particular location. Small differences in the carrying capacity between fishing sites, even under scenarios of similar institutional development, greatly affects the likelihood of effective collective action.
NOTCH SENSITIVITY AND LOW‐TEMPERATURE SPALLING OF FIRE‐CLAY REFRACTORIES*

Attempts were made to correlate the physical properties of fire-clay refractories with the phenomenon of low-temperature spalling. A method of considerable promise was developed in which the relative flexural strength of fire-clay refractories at 1500°F., in the notched and unnotched condition, indicated the resistance of these bodies to low-temperature spalling. No purely mathematical relationship between the physical properties and low-temperature spalling characteristics appeared to be valid.
Applications of PET in the brain.

Hawkins, Randall A., John C. Mazziotta and Michael E. Phelps: Applications of PET in the Brain. Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. & Biol. Psychiat. 1987, 2: 165-172.
Cortical Spreading Depression Triggers Migraine Attack: Pro

More than 60 years ago Aristides Leao coined the term spreading depression (SD) to describe a transient "depression" of electrocorticographic activity that lasts up to several minutes and slowly "spreads" in all directions in cortex by way of gray matter contiguity.(1) Today we know that SD is an intrinsic electrophysiological property of central nervous systems, evolutionarily preserved from locust to man.(2-7) Largely based on the similarities between the symptomatology of migraine aura and the electrophysiological features of SD, a causal relationship between the two has long been hypothesized.(8-10) Recently, the SD theory of migraine gained momentum by evidence emerging from both clinical and experimental studies despite being challenged by alternative mechanisms and hypotheses. Here, I will review the accumulated evidence supporting a causal relationship between SD and migraine aura and headache, and discuss the contested notion that SD may also be involved in migraine attacks without a "perceived" aura.
The Spatial Politics of Affect and Emotion in Participatory GIS

Researchers have traditionally used participatory geographic information systems (PGIS) projects to inject indigenous voices into the political sphere as they work for various legal rights. Due to their participatory nature, however, these projects can also have complex effects on the emotional and affective well-being of participating communities. This article examines how the authors' participatory research with the Maijuna people of the Peruvian Amazon resulted in many positive, affective, and emotional results outside of the final map product. Although the project was initiated as an attempt to produce a map that the Maijuna could use in pursuit of land rights, methodological choices made by the authors also produced positive emotions in participants, political bonding, and community-wide education. While their importance to the political momentum of marginalized communities cannot be overstated, geographers have yet to fully problematize the relationship between these affective and emotional results ...
Elevated cortisol inhibits adrenocorticotropic hormone- and serotonin-stimulated cortisol secretion from the interrenal cells of the Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta)

Abstract Stimulation of the toadfish 5-HT1A receptor by serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) or 8-OH-DPAT, a 5-HT1A receptor agonist, results in a significant elevation in plasma cortisol. Conversely, chronic elevation of plasma cortisol has been shown to decrease brain 5-HT1A receptor mRNA and protein levels via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR); however, there appears to be a disconnect between brain levels of the receptor and cortisol release. We hypothesized that elevated plasma cortisol would inhibit both adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)- and 5-HT-stimulated cortisol release from the interrenal cells of Gulf toadfish, that ACTH sensitivity would not be GR-mediated and 5-HT-stimulated cortisol release would not be via the 5-HT1A receptor. To test these hypotheses, interrenal cells from uncrowded, crowded, vehicle-, and cortisol-implanted toadfish were incubated with either ACTH, 5-HT or 5-HT receptor agonists, and cortisol secretion was measured. Incubation with ACTH or 5-HT resulted in a stimulation of cortisol secretion in uncrowded toadfish. Cortisol secretion in response to ACTH was not affected in crowded fish; however, interrenal cells from cortisol-implanted toadfish secreted significantly less cortisol than controls, a response that was not reversed upon treatment with the GR antagonist RU486. 5-HT-stimulated cortisol release was significantly lower from both crowded and cortisol-implanted toadfish interrenal cells compared to controls. Incubation with either a 5-HT4 or a 5-HT2 receptor agonist significantly stimulated cortisol secretion; however, incubation with 8-OH-DPAT did not, suggesting that the 5-HT1A receptor is not a mediator of cortisol release at the level of the interrenal cells. Combined, these results explain in part the disconnect between brain 5-HT1A levels and cortisol secretion.