cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is religion a health resource for the poor

This paper uses data from the 2004 General Social Survey to examine the relationship between religious belief and practice (religiosity), spirituality, social support, and health status. Health status is conceptualized first in terms of a subjective assessment and, second, as two objective indicators of physical problems. These relationships were examined first within the total GSS sample, and then separately for respondents who reported below or above the median annual income. Results indicate that spirituality is a positive predictor of respondents’ subjective assessment of their health in the overall sample, but not in either separate income group. Social support does not predict positive subjective or objective health outcomes in the entire sample or for any income group. However, religiosity is a positive predictor of physical health, but only for the most severe of the physical health problems measured, and only for respondents whose annual income is below the national median. Thus, it appears that religiosity is a health resource for those below average income.
A modified chi-square test of independence against a class of ordered alternatives in an r x c contingency table

A modified chi-square test statistic is constructed for testing the hypothesis of independence in a two-way contingency table against a class of ordered alternatives defined in terms of pooled crossproduct ratios. The test procedure can also be used to test for positive quadrant dependence in a two-way contingency table. The asymptotic distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis is obtained. Some power comparisons with known test procedures are given. A numerical example is given to illustrate the use of this test.
Association of psychiatric disorders and sleep apnea in a large cohort.

Study Objectives: We conducted the present study to determine whether psychiatric disorders are commonly associated with sleep apnea in Veterans Health Administration beneficiaries. Method: The Veterans Health Administration maintains several centralized databases containing healthcare data for more than 4 million veterans. We reviewed data from 1998 to 2001 and identified patient records having International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Edition-Clinical Modification codes indicating sleep apnea and various psychiatric conditions. Subsequently, we compared age, sex, ethnicity, and prevalence of comorbid psychiatric conditions for Veterans Health Administration beneficiaries with and without sleep apnea. Results: Out of 4,060,504 unique cases, 118,105 were identified as having sleep apnea (estimated prevalence of 2.91%). Mean age at the time of diagnosis was 57.6 years. Psychiatric comorbid diagnoses in the sleep apnea group included depression (21.8%), anxiety (16.7%), posttraumatic stress disorder (11.9%), psychosis (5.1), and bipolar disorders (3.3%). Compared with patients not diagnosed with sleep apnea, a significantly greater prevalence (P < .0001) was found for mood disorders, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, psychosis, and dementia in patients with sleep apnea. Conclusions: Sleep apnea is associated with a higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbid conditions in Veterans Health Administration beneficiaries. This association suggests that patients with psychiatric disorders and coincident symptoms suggesting sleep-disordered breathing should be evaluated for sleep apnea.
Risk Factors for Short-term Complications of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in the United States.

Background:Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is a commonly performed procedure that is highly successful in restoring knee stability and function. The incidence of early ACLR complications and the risk factors for these complications are not well defined.Purpose:To determine the incidence of 30-day complications and patient and surgical risk factors for complications after ACLR.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:Patients who underwent ACLR between 2005 and 2013 were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database using Current Procedural Terminology billing codes. Postoperative complications in the 30-day period after surgery were identified. Potential patient and surgical risk factors for 30-day complications after ACLR were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses.Results:A total of 4933 patients were identified. Major complications occurred in 27 patients (0.55%), and minor complications occurre...
Temperature sensitive liposomes for local drug delivery using focused ultrasound.

C108 Local delivery of therapeutic drugs will increase drug concentration at the site of treatment for maximum efficacy, and reduce systemic drug exposure. The encouraging results obtain in first phase of the clinical study of doxorubicin temperature sensitive liposomes has opened a new way for early cancer detection and therapy. These heat sensitive liposomes accumulate in the RES organs and can be used to deliver chemotherapy locally by using focus ultrasound. Additionally, through specific molecular targeting, we can bind these liposomes to other sites of disease for local drug delivery. As an initial evaluation, luciferin was encapsulated in the liposome to provided release characteristics after heating. We have developed temperature sensitive stable liposomes that release their drug content upon local heating. Different formulations have given very encouraging results of the stability and of release profile upon heating in vitro in serum. We are conducting preliminary in vivo studies. The long-term goal of this project is to use focused ultrasound to heat and release chemotherapy to tumor lesions using targeted, heat-sensitive liposomes.
The New Materialism in Qualitative Inquiry: How Compatible Are the Philosophies of Barad and Deleuze?

The “new materialism” and “new empiricism” have recently emerged as an important movement in qualitative inquiry. In discussions of the new materialism and new empiricism in the qualitative literat...
Song Similarity in Populations of Fox Sparrows: A Rejection of Naugler’s and Smith’s Conclusions

Naugler and Smith (1991) used data on song in Fox Sparrows (Passerella iliaca) to test hypotheses about the evolution of the structure of song in insular avian populations. Their conclusions are incorrect for a host of reasons. The authors appear to have misused or ignored information within the references they cite and they appear to have relied on second-party assessments (Miller 1982) of data within these references. It will become clear that the review process for this manuscript failed in its assessment of the manuscript's accuracy and its contribution to ornithology. Naugler and Smith presented two hypotheses concerning possible effects of insularity on song complexity: (1) The song complexity hypothesis predicts song in insular populations may become more complex than mainland populations due to weaker selective pressures resulting from reduced interspecific constraints (competitive release ?). (2) The founder effect hypothesis predicts song complexity may be less in insular than mainland populations if a "bottleneck" develops during the founding of the population. A bottleneck would result in an incomplete sampling of mainland song complexity, thus, exposing future generations to a depauperate species specific auditory field from which to model song. Following the procedures for measuring song complexity presented by Miller (1982), Naugler and Smith generated statistics for four measures of song complexity from their study population of migratory Fox Sparrows on Bon Portage Island, Nova Scotia. These were: (1) size of song repertoire (number of structurally distinct song units sung by an individual), (2) number of syllables/song, (3) number of syllable types/song, and (4) syllable diversity [number of different syllables (syllable types) in a song/total number of syllables in a song]. They then tested the two hypotheses by comparing their statistics with what they assumed to be similar statistics they or Miller (1982) generated from two other non-isolated Fox Sparrow populations reported on by Martin (1977, 1979) and Blacquiere (1979). In brief, these comparisons led them to conclude that song complexity was less in the Bon Portage population and that this condition resulted from a bottleneck ef-
Transient foreign accent syndrome

Foreign accent syndrome (FAS) is a poorly understood and studied syndrome as it is indeed a rare entity. Since its first description in 1907 by French neurologist Pierre Marie involving a patient who presented with an Alsatian accent, there are approximately only 60 cases reported in the literature. The majority of such cases of FAS have been secondary to cerebrovascular accidents. Of the cases in the literature, none report such a transitory nature of FAS. In this particular case, a 55-year-old male presented with a foreign accent. This FAS was triggered by ischemia and was reversed after a seizure, the first reported in the literature.
The Jazz Archives Fellowship: Professional Development and Diversity at the Institute of Jazz Studies

ABSTRACTThe Institute of Jazz Studies (IJS) started the Jazz Archives Fellows program in 2012 with two purposes in mind. First, the program focuses on improving diversity in the archives profession. Second, it provides a meaningful professional development opportunity for archivists in the early stages of their careers and for students in graduate programs who intend to become archivists. In addition, the IJS benefits directly from the fellows' work to process a collection and create a digital project. This article presents a case study of the Fellowship with a focus on program design, values, and lessons learned and includes recommendations for establishing similar programs.
Sarcoidosis: a diagnostic challenge in atypical radiologic findings of unilateral lymphadenopathy

Sarcoidosis is a chronic systemic disease with a wide array of clinical findings. Given that the clinical symptoms are not pathognomonic, chest radiographs have become essential to the initial diagnosis and choice of treatment modality. Diagnosis hinges on ruling out alternative diagnoses; sometimes, advanced radiologic techniques and histopathology are required. On this occasion, we present a case of a patient with generalized symptoms, no significant chest radiograph findings and lymphadenopathy where advanced imaging and pathology assisted in the diagnosis.
Sexually transmitted diseases in women. Approach to common syndromes in emergency medicine

Owing both to the changing behavior of our society and to the growing awareness of the medical community, sexually transmitted diseases have become more common or more complex over the past 10 years. This article discusses the presentation and management of sexually transmitted disease emergencies and other sexually transmitted disease syndromes with which the emergency room physician is frequently confronted.
Elucidation of Lipid Binding Sites on Lung Surfactant Protein A Using X-ray Crystallography, Mutagenesis, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Surfactant protein A (SP-A) is a collagenous C-type lectin (collectin) that is critical for pulmonary defense against inhaled microorganisms. Bifunctional avidity of SP-A for pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as lipid A and for dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), the major component of surfactant membranes lining the air–liquid interface of the lung, ensures that the protein is poised for first-line interactions with inhaled pathogens. To improve our understanding of the motifs that are required for interactions with microbes and surfactant structures, we explored the role of the tyrosine-rich binding surface on the carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-A in the interaction with DPPC and lipid A using crystallography, site-directed mutagenesis, and molecular dynamics simulations. Critical binding features for DPPC binding include a three-walled tyrosine cage that binds the choline headgroup through cation−π interactions and a positively charged cluster that binds the phosphoryl group....
Conclusion: Whitman's universal letters

Given that the letter is a primary technology of union (the literary form whose function is to congregate aggregates) and given that from ratification to secession the epistolary mode was so frequently used to describe an American politics dedicated to managing union, we might expect that the poet of national union would likewise be invested in letter-writing as both practice and metaphor. After all, the inaugurating sentences of Walt Whitman's 1855 Leaves of Grass seems to offer a condensation of what we have seen to be Ralph Waldo Emerson's epistolary theory: “I celebrate myself, and sing myself / And what I assume you shall assume, / For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.” Whitman's celebration of radical individualism is aligned with his celebration of communal identity and, thus, his “assumption” seems to depend on the very same presumption that characterizes the political work of the letter, which likewise functions to make identity and distinction (proximity and distance) commensurate. We might also presume a certain affinity between Whitman's Leaves of Grass and the epistolary mode given his poem's sustained employment of the second-person address that likewise characterizes familiar letters. When, for example, Whitman describes his intimate relationship to us in “Song of Myself” (“This hour I tell things in confidence, I might not tell everybody, but I will tell you” [45]), the conceit would seem to be that we are addressed as the recipient of a private and intimate document.
Intratumoral Infection with Murine Cytomegalovirus Synergizes with PD-L1 Blockade to Clear Melanoma Lesions and Induce Long-term Immunity

Cytomegalovirus is an attractive cancer vaccine platform because it induces strong, functional CD8+ T-cell responses that accumulate over time and migrate into most tissues. To explore this, we used murine cytomegalovirus expressing a modified gp100 melanoma antigen. Therapeutic vaccination by the intraperitoneal and intradermal routes induced tumor infiltrating gp100-specific CD8+ T-cells, but provided minimal benefit for subcutaneous lesions. In contrast, intratumoral infection of established tumor nodules greatly inhibited tumor growth and improved overall survival in a CD8+ T-cell-dependent manner, even in mice previously infected with murine cytomegalovirus. Although murine cytomegalovirus could infect and kill B16F0s in vitro, infection was restricted to tumor-associated macrophages in vivo. Surprisingly, the presence of a tumor antigen in the virus only slightly increased the efficacy of intratumoral infection and tumor-specific CD8+ T-cells in the tumor remained dysfunctional. Importantly, combining intratumoral murine cytomegalovirus infection with anti-PD-L1 therapy was synergistic, resulting in tumor clearance from over half of the mice and subsequent protection against tumor challenge. Thus, while a murine cytomegalovirus-based vaccine was poorly effective against established subcutaneous tumors, direct infection of tumor nodules unexpectedly delayed tumor growth and synergized with immune checkpoint blockade to promote tumor clearance and long-term protection.
Pathways for learning two languages: lexical and grammatical associations within and across languages in sequential bilingual children.

This study examines the strength and direction of lexical-grammatical associations within and between first and second languages (L1 and L2) in a longitudinal sample of sequential bilinguals. Thirty-three children who spoke Vietnamese (L1) and English (L2) completed picture-naming and story-telling tasks in each language at four yearly intervals. Hierarchical linear modeling across Years 1–4 revealed bidirectional within-language associations and a unidirectional cross-language association from the L1 to L2. Results suggest a conditional relationship between languages in which the L1 supports L2 growth, but not vice versa. Findings contribute to defining pathways for L1 and L2 learning across domains and languages.
Monte Carlo calculation of X-ray spectra emitted by various anode materials at low voltages

Calculations of the absolute intensity and energy spectra of X-rays emitted by various targets have been performed for tube potentials in the 20-50 kV range using a single scattering Monte Carlo method. Monte Carlo modeling provides an accurate, practical method for obtaining X-ray spectra from arbitrary target materials for which experimental or semi-empirical results are not available. Our Monte Carlo program, SKEPTIC (Simulated Kilovolt Electron and Photon Transport In Condensed media), utilizes fast sampling schemes and employs extensive variance reduction techniques in order to reduce run time inefficiencies normally associated with single scattering electron transport simulations. Cross section data in the SKEPTIC physics model is taken from the partial wave elastic scattering formulation of Riley (1975) and the doubly differential bremsstrahlung description due to Pratt et al. (1977). Calculated spectra and intensities compare well with available experimental data. >
The effect of monthly stipend on the placement instability of youths in out-of-home care

Abstract This paper tests whether nonrelative foster and kinship homes that receive greater monthly stipends (via the Title IV-E Foster Care Maintenance Payment) provide placement stability to children and youths in care, as measured by the relative risk of placement disruption. A sample of 1076 children and youths was drawn from the second National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW II), a longitudinal, child-level survey observing children, their caregivers, and caseworkers over a five-year period (three waves). A rich, five-year panel on child placement observations was constructed using the entire placement history and actual monthly stipend amounts for each placement. To account for placement trajectory, type, length, order, and censoring, the Cox proportional hazards model is used to estimate the risk of disruption of individual placements. The identification strategy rests on exogenous variation at the level of the agency, as the agency to which a foster or kinship family is assigned is based purely on their residential location; a random variation in the stipend assignment based on the agency. Findings reveal that a 1% increase in stipend is responsible for a 27% decrease in the likelihood of disruption. Under subsample analysis, this effect is moderately significant for children living with kinship caregivers and insignificant for children living with nonrelative foster caregivers. This finding is corroborated in robustness checks, where findings suggest that for foster families who report that their stipend is “adequate,” the risk of disruption is decreased by nearly 45%. Though intrinsically difficult to disentangle the “placement effect” of the kinship versus foster placement scenario, the present findings convene previous research to support the legislative and practice-centered push toward kinship caregivers in terms of child well-being and placement cost-effectiveness.
CashTagNN: Using sentiment of tweets with CashTags to predict stock market prices

In this paper we discuss a system, CashTagNN, which uses the sentiment and subjectivity scores of tweets that include cashtags of two companies, Apple and Johnson and Johnson, to model stock market movement, and in particular predict opening and closing stock market prices. We demonstrate that by using only sentiment and subjectivity along with a neural network machine learning model we can predict the opening and closing prices of the two companies with high accuracy.
An in vivo system in man for quantitation of estrogenicity. II. Pharmacologic changes in binding capacity of serum corticosteroid-binding globulin induced by conjugated estrogens, mestranol, and ethinyl estradiol.

Abstract The effects of various dosages of orally administered conjugated estrogens, mestranol, and ethinyl estradiol upon the binding capacity of serum corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG-BC) were studied. When different dosages of conjugated estrogens were given to postmenopausal women, these was a dose-response increase in CBG-BC (r = 0.88, p
Unsealing Fate: Policy Practices Aimed at Reducing the Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty

Enabling children born into poverty to transcend the circumstances of their birth requires ensuring that they develop the cognitive, intellectual, and behavioral skills needed to succeed at school,...
A fetal fMRI specific motion correction algorithm using 2 nd order edge features

We present a novel motion correction algorithm designed specifically for fetal functional magnetic imaging resonance (fMRI). Fetal motion is a main limiting factor of fetal fMRI and standard algorithm cannot correct for fetal motion. The goals in designing the algorithm were: (i) the ability to correct for both large and small motion, (ii) the preferential weighting of fetal tissue, (iii) the development of a framework robust to artifacts, and (iv) the automatic censoring of low quality frames. The key feature of the algorithm is the use of 2nd order edge features instead of raw intensity or 1st order edge features. We demonstrate that our algorithm significantly out performs competing approaches.
Integrating Interprofessional Education and Collaboration Competencies (IPEC) into Mental Health Counselor Education

In 2009 six health disciplines identified interprofessional education and collaboration competencies (IPEC) to guide cross-discipline clinical and educational practices. This article gives an example of an attempt to integrate IPEC into mental health counselor education through an interprofessional course taught to 111 students of health sciences and counseling. Implications for mental health counselor educators and final conclusions are discussed.
Interpretation of time-to-event outcomes in randomized trials: an online randomized experiment.

ABSTRACT Background Multiple features in the presentation of randomized controlled trial (RCT) results are known to influence comprehension and interpretation. We aimed to compare interpretation of cancer RCTs with time-to-event outcomes when the reported treatment effect measure is the hazard ratio (HR), difference in restricted mean survival times (RMSTD), or both (HR+RMSTD). We also assessed the prevalence of misinterpretation of the HR. Methods We carried out a randomized experiment. We selected 15 cancer RCTs with statistically significant treatment effects for the primary outcome. We masked each abstract and created three versions reporting either the HR, RMSTD, or HR+RMSTD. We randomized corresponding authors of RCTs and medical residents and fellows to one of 15 abstracts and one of 3 versions. We asked how beneficial the experimental treatment was (0–10 Likert scale). All participants answered a multiple-choice question about interpretation of the HR. Participants were unaware of the study purpose. Results We randomly allocated 160 participants to evaluate an abstract reporting the HR, 154 to the RMSTD, and 155 to both HR+RMSTD. The mean Likert score was statistically significantly lower in the RMSTD group when compared with the HR group (mean difference −0.8, 95% confidence interval, −1.3 to −0.4, P Conclusion Misinterpretation of the HR is common. Participants judged experimental treatments to be less beneficial when presented with RMSTD when compared with HR. We recommend that authors present RMST-based measures alongside the HR in reports of RCT results.
Approximating Distance Measures for the Skyline

In multi-parameter decision making, data is usually modeled as a set of points whose dimension is the number of parameters, and the skyline or Pareto points represent the possible optimal solutions for various optimization problems. The structure and computation of such points have been well studied, particularly in the database community. As the skyline can be quite large in high dimensions, one often seeks a compact summary. In particular, for a given integer parameter k, a subset of k points is desired which best approximates the skyline under some measure. Various measures have been proposed, but they mostly treat the skyline as a discrete object. By viewing the skyline as a continuous geometric hull, we propose a new measure that evaluates the quality of a subset by the Hausdorff distance of its hull to the full hull. We argue that in many ways our measure more naturally captures what it means to approximate the skyline. For our new geometric skyline approximation measure, we provide a plethora of results. Specifically, we provide (1) a near linear time exact algorithm in two dimensions, (2) APX-hardness results for dimensions three and higher, (3) approximation algorithms for related variants of our problem, and (4) a practical and efficient heuristic which uses our geometric insights into the problem, as well as various experimental results to show the efficacy of our approach.
Factors contributing to bacteria inactivation in the Galdieria sulphuraria-based wastewater treatment system

Abstract Our previous pilot scale studies showed concurrent removals of biochemical oxygen demand and nutrients, and inactivation of pathogens in urban wastewaters by an extremophilic alga, Galdieria sulphuraria. The current work evaluated the following as potential factors contributing to the observed pathogen inactivation, using E. coli as a surrogate: bacterial toxicity of algal metabolites, culture pH and temperature, sunlight, dissolved oxygen and adsorption to algal biomass. Microtox toxicity results implied that algal metabolites were free of bacterial toxicants as the toxicity in the reactor decreased from 38.8% to zero in 4 days. Low cultivation pH of 4 was identified as the primary factor influencing E. coli reductions. At neutral pH, under sunlight, E. coli were reduced to undetectable levels in 24 h. But, in the presence of live algal biomass and sunlight, E. coli were reduced to undetectable levels within 12 h. We attribute this accelerated reduction of E. coli to the synergistic effect of sunlight and elevated dissolved oxygen levels generated by biomass in the reactor. Temperatures below 45 °C and adsorption of bacteria to algal biomass did not appear to cause inactivation of E. coli. Simulation of pilot-scale conditions confirmed that the synergistic effects of pH, sunlight, algal biomass, and dissolved oxygen contributed to the superior fecal coliform inactivation observed in the algal wastewater treatment system.
Direction-dependent invariant waveforms and stability in two-dimensional, weakly nonlinear lattices

Abstract This study presents higher-order multiple scales analysis aimed at revealing angle- and amplitude-dependent invariant waveforms, and plane-wave stability, in two-dimensional periodic media. Multi-harmonic invariant waves arise from successive orders of particular solutions appearing in the multiple scales analysis. Simulations of nonlinear shear lattices confirm that inclusion of higher-order terms in the injected waveforms significantly reduce the ensuing growth of higher harmonics. These simulations also confirm the predicted directional-dependence of harmonic coefficients. In addition, the study assesses plane-wave stability using a local fixed-point analysis applied to the evolution equations, revealing angle-dependence in the stability characteristics. Based on the directional dependence uncovered, the study concludes with implications for encryption strategies and damage detection using weakly nonlinear lattices.
Cyber risk of coordinated attacks in critical infrastructures

Critical infrastructures such as the electric grid, oil refineries, telecommunications, transportation, water, emergency services, etc., all depend on some cyber infrastructure. Risk analysis of a critical infrastructure to compromised cyber infrastructure is therefore very important, but has certain challenges. This paper examines the problem of integrating analysis of a cyber network with the impacts possible on the critical infrastructures that are possible through cyber access. We find that adding the infrastructure impact cost considerably increases the complexity of the assessment problem.
A New State-Space Representation for Coupled PDEs and Scalable Lyapunov Stability Analysis in the SOS Framework

We present a framework for stability analysis of systems of coupled linear Partial-Differential Equations (PDEs). The class of PDE systems considered in this paper includes parabolic, elliptic and hyperbolic systems with Dirichelet, Neuman and mixed boundary conditions. The results in this paper apply to systems with a single spatial variable and assume existence and continuity of solutions except in such cases when existence and continuity can be inferred from existence of a Lyapunov function. Our approach is based on a new concept of state for PDE systems which allows us to express the derivative of the Lyapunov function as a Linear Operator Inequality directly on L2 and allows for any type of suitably well-posed boundary conditions. This approach obviates the need for integration by parts, spacing functions or similar mathematical encumbrances. The resulting algorithms are implemented in Matlab, tested on several motivating examples, and the codes have been posted online. Numerical testing indicates the approach has little or no conservatism for a large class of systems and can analyze systems of up to 20 coupled PDEs.
Pyridine(diimine) Chelate Hydrogenation in a Molybdenum Nitrido Ethylene Complex

Addition of H2 gas to the aryl-substituted pyridine(diimine) molybdenum nitride (iPrPDI)Mo(N)(C2H4) ([1-(N)(η2-C2H4)]; iPrPDI = 2,6-(2,6-iPr2-C6H3N═CMe)2C5H3N) in the presence of the rhodium hydride precatalyst (η5-C5Me5)(py-Ph)Rh(H) ([Rh–H]; py-Ph = 2-phenylpyridine) resulted in partial hydrogenation of the central pyridine of the iPrPDI chelate to yield (iPrTHPDI)Mo(N)(C2H4) ([2-(N)(η2-C2H4)]; iPrTHPDI = 2,6-(2,6-iPr2-C6H3N═CMe)2C5H6N). The product, [2-(N)(η2-C2H4)], was structurally and spectroscopically characterized, and its electronic structure was examined by density functional theory (DFT). The stepwise addition of H atoms from [Rh–H] to [1-(N)(η2-C2H4)] was computed to be thermodynamically viable by DFT.
The Limits of Partnership: U.S.-Russian Relations in the Twenty-First Century by Angela E. Stent

Stent, Angela E. The Limits of Partnership: U.S.-Russian Relations in the Twenty-First Century . Princeton: Princeton University Press. Review by James Biedzynski.
Spatiotemporal regulation of NADP(H) phosphatase Nocturnin and its role in oxidative stress response

An intimate link exists between circadian clocks and metabolism with nearly every metabolic pathway in the mammalian liver under circadian control. Circadian regulation of metabolism is largely driven by rhythmic transcriptional activation of clock-controlled genes. Among these output genes, Nocturnin (Noct) has one of the highest amplitude rhythms at the mRNA level. The Noct gene encodes a protein (NOC) that is highly conserved with the endonuclease/exonuclease/phosphatase (EEP) domain-containing CCR4 family of deadenylases, but highly purified NOC possesses little or no ribonuclease activity. Here, we show that NOC utilizes the dinucleotide NADP(H) as a substrate, removing the 2' phosphate to generate NAD(H), and is a direct regulator of oxidative stress response through its NADPH 2' phosphatase activity. Furthermore, we describe two isoforms of NOC in the mouse liver. The cytoplasmic form of NOC is constitutively expressed and associates externally with membranes of other organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum, via N-terminal glycine myristoylation. In contrast, the mitochondrial form of NOC possesses high-amplitude circadian rhythmicity with peak expression level during the early dark phase. These findings suggest that NOC regulates local intracellular concentrations of NADP(H) in a manner that changes over the course of the day.
Frequent cannabis users demonstrate low knowledge of cannabinoid content and dosages

Background: The legal status of cannabis is rapidly evolving, outpacing systematic research and educational efforts.Aims: We investigated knowledge of cannabinoid content and dosages among frequent...
Application of Joint Immune Ant Colony Algorithm and Fuzzy Neural Network to Path Planning and Visual Image Processing of Inspection Robot in Substation

There are kinds of power equipment and complex structure in high voltage substation, which need to be inspected regularly. At present, substation inspection robot is widely used in process of substation inspection. It mainly inspects the insulator, grading ring and other external accessories of high-voltage power equipment. In the process of inspection, the robot is equipped with infrared imager and ultraviolet imager to store the photon distribution map and the temperature distribution map of high-voltage power equipment, and establish ultraviolet and infrared image database of the equipment. In the process of inspection, the robot should avoid area with higher electric field intensity, and traverse the typical high-voltage electrical equipment in the substation in shortest distance, and the robot arm can effectively carry out image multi-angle acquisition. On the other hand, in the process of image acquisition, the robot should realize the image region segmentation, focusing and photon acquisition operation of the insulator and grading ring of the equipment, and apply the deep learning method to realize the automatic matching and comparison between the collected image and the original image library, to distinguish the operation state of the high-voltage power equipment and find the latent insulation fault. Among them, shortest path of low field strength and path of traversing equipment are automatically realized by the immune ant colony algorithm, and the image database deep learning and automatic matching module are realized by the fuzzy neural network. In this paper, immune ant colony algorithm and fuzzy neural network are applied to the path planning and visual image post-processing of substation inspection robot, which has certain theoretical and engineering guiding value for intelligent inspection of substation high-voltage power equipment.
Accuracy of Self-Reported Vaccination Status in a Cohort of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases is important in the care of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Thus, accurate immunization histories are critical. Many providers rely on patient self-report when assessing immunization status. The primary aim of our study was to determine the accuracy of self-reported influenza vaccination status in a cohort of patients with IBD. We conducted a prospective study of patients with IBD who answered a vaccination status questionnaire and compared their responses to the Wisconsin Immunization Registry, a state-wide electronic immunization information system. The primary outcome was the sensitivity and specificity of self-reported influenza vaccination status. A secondary outcome evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of pneumococcal vaccination status. A total of 200 patients with IBD were included in the study. Documented immunization rates were 74.5% for influenza vaccinations and 79.9% for pneumococcal vaccinations. Influenza vaccination self-report had a sensitivity of 98.7%, a specificity of 90.2%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 96.7% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 95.8%. In comparison, the sensitivity for pneumococcal vaccination was 83.5% with a specificity of 86.2%, PPV of 96.4%, and NPV of 54.3%. Self-reported influenza immunization status is sensitive and specific in patients with IBD. Accuracy for pneumococcal vaccination is slightly lower, but responses were notable for a high PPV. Self-report is an effective way to determine influenza immunization status and provides useful information for receipt of pneumococcal vaccine in patients with IBD.
An Asymmetric Elasto-Plastic Phase-Field Model for Shape Memory Effect, Pseudoelasticity and Thermomechanical Training in Polycrystalline Shape Memory Alloys

Abstract We propose an elasto-plastic phase-field model (PFM) to conduct the first microscopic computational study of shape memory effect (SME), pseudoelasticity, stress assisted two-way memory effect (SATWME), and thermomechanical training of CuAlBe shape memory alloy (SMA). This non-isothermal PFM model considers the effects of temperature dependent properties, latent heat, grain boundaries, and asymmetric transformation and plasticity. PFM simulations demonstrate the capacity of our model to capture the thermomechanical and purely mechanical shape recovery in the SMA. When considering transforming grain boundaries, grain refinement generates a higher transformation stress, a steeper transformation hardening, and smaller hysteresis loops for both SME and pseudoelasticity. The results also point out slightly higher transformation stress when geometrical grain boundaries are used. The simulations of SATWME highlight an augmentation of the residual martensite as the hold stress increases, which is consistent with experimental observations. This is the first PFM that can mimic the thermal training within several SATWME cycles, showing an asymptotic increase of plastic strain and the related retained transformation strain until the fourth cycle, and their stabilization thereafter. The activation of plasticity occurs always after initiation of phase transformation. Although plasticity results in more stress relaxation, it deteriorates the shape recovery for both SME and pseudoelasticity by hindering the reverse transformation. Comparison between tension and compression demonstrates the capacity of this PFM to account for, for the first time, the nonsymmetrical transformation and plastic responses of SMAs.
Multidimensional simulations of Mckenna-driven flow tube configuration: Investigating non-ideality in NOx formation flow tube experiments

Abstract Multidimensional simulations have been conducted to simulate atmospheric pressure, flat-flame/McKenna-burner-driven-flow tube experiments targeted to obtain NOx speciation data for predicting/analyzing syngas combustion emissions. In a prior work, we demonstrated the impacts of multidimensional transport on post flame region prediction departures from those assuming unidimensional flow/transport conditions. Here we develop and utilize a multidimensional laminar reacting flow solver to simulate the fully coupled flame and post flame regions to further elucidate the impacts of the earlier unidimensional modeling assumptions on interpreting post flame NOx experimental data. The model is used to simulate a lean, premixed syngas/air flame and its associated post flame regions within a cylindrical flow-tube-like arrangement. The combustion process takes place under atmospheric condition with trace amount of NOx seeding fed into the inlet gas stream. The spatial evolution of NOx species (NO and NO2) in the flame and in the post-combustion zone suggests two distinct regions: 1) a region encompassing the flame structure itself; and 2) a post flame region in which the temperature decays due to both axial and radial transport processes. The predictions show that for the conditions studied, a pulsatile flow field exists due to the formation of an expanding and contracting recirculation zone in the outer periphery of the flow tube. By resolving the nature of the flow, the resulting time-averaged temperature and species concentrations show improved agreement with existing experimental measurements. The flow-field interaction results in radial inhomogeneities in the NO2 profiles with the maximum concentration offset from the flow centerline. The location of the peak in NO2 is coupled with radial temperature gradients from wall cooling effects and their significant influence on NO/NO2 interconversion kinetics, producing notable NO2 accumulation in regions near the wall. Geometrical configurations capable of suppressing/minimizing the pulsatile nature are also investigated and the results are compared. Other experimental configurations could be considered in parametric simulations to determine the optimal configuration that would minimize non-idealities in the observations. The work shows the value in performing such computations in advance of settling on a particular design for flow tube/flow reactor experiments.
Sugar-Coated Killer: Serotype 3 Pneumococcal Disease.

Capsular polysaccharide (CPS), which surrounds the bacteria, is one of the most significant and multifaceted contributors to Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence. Capsule prevents entrapment in mucus during colonization, traps water to protect against desiccation, can serve as an energy reserve, and protects the bacterium against complement-mediated opsonization and immune cell phagocytosis. To date, 100 biochemically and serologically distinct capsule types have been identified for S. pneumoniae; 20 to 30 of which have well-defined propensity to cause opportunistic human infection. Among these, serotype 3 is perhaps the most problematic as serotype 3 infections are characterized as having severe clinical manifestations including bacteremia, meningitis, pleural effusions and empyema; consequently, with a fatality rate of 30-47%. Moreover, serotype 3 resists antibody-mediated clearance despite its inclusion in the current 13-valent conjugate vaccine formulation. This review covers the role of capsule in pneumococcal pathogenesis and the importance of serotype 3 on human disease. We discuss how serotype 3 capsule synthesis and presentation on the bacterial surface is distinct from other serotypes, the biochemical and physiological properties of this capsule type that facilitate its ability to cause disease, and why existing vaccines are unable to confer protection. We conclude with discussion of the clonal properties of serotype 3 and how these have changed since introduction of the 13-valent vaccine in 2000.
Liberty call at sunset: U.S. military retiree bars and the outsourced reproduction of ageing masculinities in Subic Bay, Philippines:

This article examines the gendered service economy of bars and restaurants catering to ageing US military retirees in Olongapo City, Philippines. During the Cold War, Olongapo housed Subic Bay Nava...
To Impute or Not to Impute, and How? A Review of Alternative Poverty Estimation Methods in the Context of Unavailable Consumption Data

There is an increasingly stronger demand for more frequent and accurate poverty estimates, despite the oftentimes unavailable household consumption data. This paper offers a review of alternative imputation methods that have been employed to provide poverty estimates in such contexts. These range from estimates on a nonmonetary basis, estimates for specific project targeting or tracking trends at the national level, to estimates at a more disaggregated level, as well as estimates of poverty dynamics. The paper provides a concise and accessible synthesis, which serves as an introduction to the literature. The focus is on intuition and practical insights that highlight the nuanced differences between the existing methods rather than technical aspects.
Total Ionizing Dose Effects on Multistate HfOₓ-Based RRAM Synaptic Array

Emerging nonvolatile memories (eNVMs) have demonstrated satisfactory accuracy on various applications in deep learning. Characterized by high density and low leakage power consumption, resistive random access memory (RRAM) becomes very attractive in synaptic devices for deep neural networks (DNNs). RRAM-based synaptic devices include both analog and discrete versions. Unlike analog RRAM synapses which suffer from nonlinearity, discrete but multistate RRAM synapses are better suited for neural network hardware implementation. In this article, the multistate operation in RRAM arrays has been proposed as a synaptic device for DNN inference. Four-state conductance has been achieved in HfO x -based RRAM synaptic arrays. The impact of total ionizing dose (TID) on the multistate behavior of HfO x -based RRAM is investigated by irradiating a one-transistor–one-resistor (1T1R) 64-kb array with CMOS peripheral decoding circuitry fabricated at the 90-nm technology node with Co-60 gamma rays (60Co $\gamma $ -ray irradiation).
Experimental Study on Effects of Nozzle Explosion Damage on Performance of Water Spray Fire Protection System of Ultra-high Voltage Transformer

In order to evaluate the effect of nozzle explosion damage on the performance of water spray fire protection system of ultra-high voltage (UHV) transformer, experiments were conducted with 0%, 10%, 30%, 50% of falling nozzle to simulate the damage of explosion on water spray fire protection system. The effects of the failure of different ratios of nozzles on the water mist envelope effect, nozzle pressure and pipeline flow rate of UHV transformers were analyzed. The results showed that the nozzle pressure and pipeline flow rate of water spray fire protection system were significantly affected by the proportion of falling nozzles. When the proportion of falling nozzles exceeded 10%, the working pressure of most nozzles fell below the minimum working pressure specified by the standard. The range of the sprinklers decreased and the coverage area was reduced. Meanwhile, the water spray fire protection system cannot effectively envelop the transformer. The firefighting water in the fire branch pipe was sprayed to the transformer body and its surroundings in the form of the water jet, which did not have the fire extinguishing ability through the water mist envelope. It may cause a hot oil fire, risk of boiling, splashing, or expanding fire. In actual projects, it is recommended to take protective measures such as explosion-proof and high-temperature resistant spray nozzles or spraying fire-resistant coatings on spray nozzles and pipelines, which could avoid or reduce the damage to the spray nozzles caused by explosion and high temperature during fire. Thus, it could improve the effectiveness of water spray fire protection system.
Quantifying and Comparing the Match Demands of U18, U23, and 1ST Team English Professional Soccer Players

The aim of this study was to quantify and compare the match load demands of U18, U23, and 1ST team players during the official season. A total of 65 matches and 495 (U18 = 146, U23 = 146, and 1ST team = 203) individual player game observations were included in this analysis. A 10-Hz global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and 100-Hz triaxial accelerometer (STATSports, Apex, Northern Ireland) were used to monitor the following metrics during official matches: total distance, high-speed running distance (HSR), sprint distance, high metabolic distance, explosive distance, high-intensity bursts distance, speed intensity, and dynamic stress load (DSL) were analyzed. A multivariate analysis of variance test reported significant (p < 0.001) differences among the groups. HSR during matches was lower (d = small) for U18 players than the U23 and 1ST team players. Sprint distance and high-intensity bursts distance were lower (small) in U18 compared with the U23 and 1ST team. DSL was greater in 1ST compared with U18 (small) and U23 (small). This study reported that the differences between groups were greater for HSR, sprint distance, high-intensity bursts distance, and DSL, while total distance, high metabolic load distance, explosive distance, and speed intensity did not differ between the groups. These findings could be used to design training programs in the academy players (i.e., U18) to achieve the required long-term physical adaptations that are needed to progress into the U23 and 1ST teams.