cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a frequently unrecognized condition.

Abstract. Incalzi RA, Fuso L, Serra M, Basso S, Carosella L, Tramaglino LM, Pistelli R, Carbonin P. (Department of Geriatrics and Department of Respiratory Physiology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy). Exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a frequently unrecognized condition. J Intern Med 2002; 252: 48–55. Objectives. To assess to which extent exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unrecognized in the emergency department, which factors account for misdiagnosis and which are the effects of misdiagnosis on patient's management. Design. Retrospective study and stratified random sampling method as selection criterion. Setting. University Hospital. Subjects. Eighty patients representative of those discharged from the wards of medicine with a diagnosis of exacerbated COPD and 72 having a discharge diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) were studied. Main outcome measures. Degree of concordance between admission and discharge diagnosis; presenting symptoms and signs of patients correctly or incorrectly classified on admission; impact of diagnostic procedures carried out by the physician on call on patient's management. Results. The correct diagnosis was missed on admission in 13/80 COPD and 3/72 CAD patients (χ2: 5.87, P=0.015). The prevalence of the following presenting features distinguished the 67 COPD patients who were correctly classified on admission from the remaining 13: severe weakness (21 vs. 10, χ2: 9.53, P=0.002), dyspnea (60 vs. 3, χ2: 28.75, P < 0.001), and limb oedema (14 vs. 6, χ2: 3.70, P=0.054). Critical hypoxemia was diagnosed and treated only after admission in 19 COPD patients. Conclusions Exacerbated COPD frequently escapes recognition in the emergency room, mainly if severe weakness and limb oedema are its presenting features. Arterial blood gas analysis is not systematically performed in the emergency room and, consequently, oxygen therapy is either not administered or given to selected COPD patients on an empirical basis.
A practical approach to the evaluation of antihypertensive agents in infants and children: study design and outcome measures

Abstract Background: The causes of hypertension, especially in infants and young children, are largely secondary to systemic diseases, and primary hypertension is uncommon in this population. Objective: The aim of this article was to discuss some of the problems involved in designing appropriate antihypertensive trials for children and to suggest the essential features of a well-designed trial in the pediatric population. Methods: A review of pediatric studies was conducted to define the features of childhood hypertension. Results: This review showed that numerous therapeutic approaches have been used, making many of the identified studies difficult to interpret. Conclusions: The design of studies of antihypertensive medications in children requires a novel approach. The method of measuring blood pressure is pivotal; 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is the optimal method. Because children with secondary hypertension may be symptomatic, a washout period before the onset of a trial's drug phase will permit the investigator to use the patient as his or her own control. Whether children should be exposed to a second period of hypertension and symptoms in a randomized washout period at the end of several weeks of therapy is controversial. Study end points include blood pressure measurements (systolic and diastolic) versus appropriate percentiles, an attenuation of the dip in nocturnal blood pressure, and the concept of blood pressure load (the percentage of time with elevated blood pressure values). Safe and effective guidelines can be designed for therapeutic trials of pediatric hypertension. The result will be enhancement of the therapeutic choices available for children with hypertension.
Miscibility in blends of aliphatic polyamides and an aromatic polyamide, nylon 3Me6T

Abstract Calorimetric and morphological investigations of blends of nylon 6 containing an amorphous aromatic polyamide, nylon 3Me6T, have shown them to be miscible across the entire range of composition. Amorphous blends illustrate the familiar monotonic and concave dependence of T g upon composition which correlates well with existing theory. Crystallization of the nylon 6 component has been found to occur upon annealing, which is also accompanied by an unusual broadening of the glass transition in blends in the middle of the composition range. This phenomenon has been ascribed to a morphologically imposed heterogeneous distribution of the amorphous polyamide in the resultant mixed amorphous phase. Optical transmission microscopy has revealed a continuous spherulitic texture within the crystallized blends which confirms the absence of any critical solution behaviour. Preliminary investigations of the solution behaviour of nylon 3Me6T in nylons 4, 46, 66, 69, 610, 612, 11 and 12, respectively, indicate a correlation between miscibility and the relative abundance of amide functionalities of the latter. It is proposed that the behaviour observed is amenable to interpretations based upon a mean-field binary interaction model.
Prostate cancer groups. Help, information, support

Prostate cancer support groups can (and should) serve a dual purpose : they should meet both the informational and psychosocial needs of the patients. Although attendees may be at a variety of points along the treatment continuum, they have identified common needs. Patients request information on prostate cancer : facts, treatment options and their side effects, and current research results. Quality-of-life issues, sexuality, self-care strategies, and coping with treatment side effects are prime areas of interest and concern. Many men are willing to discuss their feelings and fears in a peer-group setting. They can and do talk to each other about living with cancer and related issues. They advise, help, and support each other. The challenge for all health care providers is to reach the majority of patients with prostate cancer-those who are not attending groups and who might need the help and support that others can give them. Cancer 1995 ;75 :1897-9.
Measuring progress in resuscitation : It's time for a better tool

Weisfeldt and Becker1 theorize the existence of 3 physiological phases of resuscitation: electrical, circulatory, and metabolic.1 When cardiac arrest occurs because of ventricular fibrillation (VF), myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels begin to fall as fibrillating myocardial cells continue to consume ATP at a nearly normal rate.2 During this first 3 to 4 minutes (electrical phase), prompt defibrillation is often all that is required to restore circulation. Soon thereafter, myocardial ATP stores drop to critical levels, and a defibrillation shock will usually terminate ventricular fibrillation, but this frequently results in either asystole or pulseless electrical activity as cells run out of high-energy phosphate fuel. During this circulatory phase, a brief (90 s to 3 minutes) period of effective chest compression before defibrillation can boost myocardial ATP stores and increase the likelihood that a perfusing rhythm will result after a defibrillation shock.3 If the patient remains in cardiac arrest for >8 to 10 minutes, increased cellular ischemic injury develops. Weisfeldt and Becker1 term this the “metabolic phase” of resuscitation, indicating that additional cellular protective measures will likely be needed to restore vital organ function. Thus, the strategic paradigm for resuscitating VF cardiac arrest victims has evolved from “shock first and often” to a time-critical, orchestrated ballet of high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), defibrillation, and postresuscitation care. Article p 2760 This new paradigm highlights the importance of high-quality, minimally interrupted CPR to maximize tissue oxygen delivery and intracellular high-energy phosphate levels. Conventional closed-chest CPR is, at best, imperfect, producing hemodynamic changes similar to those seen in cardiogenic shock, with low systemic arterial pressure, markedly reduced cardiac output, and high left ventricular filling pressure. Minimal interruption of chest compression during resuscitation helps to maximize tissue oxygen delivery and myocardial high-energy phosphate levels. Cardiac output during CPR is, after all, dependent …
Ionizing Radiation and Cancer

AbstractThere are many classic experiments on the effects of radiation on cells in culture and on small mammals. These, together with anecdotal data on radiation effects in humans establish the carcinogenic hazard which by now is well known, even to laymen. Although a certain amount of radiation exposure is unavoidable, the number of applications of radiation in medicine is constantly increasing. Nuclear power plants now supply a little less than 10% of the electrical power in the United States. In order to draw up a reasonable balance between costs and benefits of radiation we must be able to measure and assess these costs. In this paper, Dr. Mossman discusses the current state of knowledge relating to the carcinogenic risks of radiation. This includes a breakdown of the known types of cancers in man and their relation to radiation exposure. Also discussed are some of the problems in risk assessment, and in particular that of determining effects of low dosage. This a major stumbling block in the measurem...
Biochemical analysis of isolated bullfrog sarcolemma.

Abstract Bullfrog skeletal muscle sarcolemma were isolated and analyzed for their lipid, protein, and polysaccharide content. Approximately equal amounts of free cholesterol and phospholipids were found, with lecithin and phosphatidylethanolamine comprising the bulk of the phospholipids. A polysaccharide, which appears to be an integral part of the membrane, contained neuraminic acid: hexosamine: fucose: glucose: mannose + galactose in the molar ratio 1:1:0.5:1:6. An amino acid analysis of the protein excluded the presence of collagen as an integral component of the membrane. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of a single (basement) membrane associated with a layer of small spherical granules, probably cytoplasmic in origin. Collagen fibers were not visible.
NF-κB signaling and human disease

Despite substantial progress in understanding the NF-kappaB signaling pathway, the connections between this pathway and human disease are only now being elucidated. Genes that function within or upstream of the NF-kappaB pathway have been found to cause four distinct disorders and two allelic conditions. Investigation of these genes and disorders has brought significant insight into the role of NF-kappaB in various aspects of physiological development.
REGRESSION OF MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE SCALES

From a survey of correlational smdies using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, Carlyn (2) concluded that the judgement-perception dimension appears to be related to at least one of the other Myers-Briggs dimensions. Correlations and two regression analyses in the current smdy show that the judgement-perception dimension is related to both the sensing-inmition and the thinking-feeling dimensions. Form G of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator was administered to 188 students in mechanical engineering technology. Their scores were converted to continuous scores by the procedure discussed by Myers (3). Pearson product-moment correlations were calculated among the four Myers-Briggs scales. Significant correlations include values of -.23 (p < .01) between the extraversion-introversion (M = 102.0, SD = 24.89) and the sensing-intuition (M = 85.78, SD = 22.77) scales, .31 (p < ,001) between the sensing-intuition and the judgementperception (M = 96.69, SD = 27.07) scales, and .31 (p < .001) between the thinkingfeeling (M = 83.73, SD = 22.28) and the judgement-perception scales. These significant correlations agree with data from some of the 15 studies surveyed by Carlyn (2) and some of the three studies reported by Bruhn, Bunce, and Greaser (1). Of these 18 different smdies, two reported significant correlations of -.I3 (201 subjects) and -.38 (61 subjects) (p < .05) for extraversion-introversion with sensing-intuition; 17 reported significant correlations ranging from .24 (201 subjects) to .48 (102 subjects) (P < .05, .01) for sensing-intuition with judgement-perception, and seven reported significant correlations ranging from .10 (591 subjects) to .43 (61 subjects) (P < .05. .01) for thinking-feeling with judgement-perception. Correlations in the current study are clearly stable. Magnitudes are small. Forward stepwise multiple regression was used to predict the judgement-perception scale scores from the sensing-intuition and thinking-feeling scales; the multiple R was .42 (&.US = 19.52, p < .001). A second multiple regression included a sensing-intuition by thinking-feeling interaction (M = 7241.26, SD = 2902.26) of scores on these two scales. Only the interaction was significant and the resulting regression of the judgementperception scale with the interaction gave a multiple R of .41 (K.M = 37.69, P < .001). Clearly a comparison of the multiple Rs shows that the interaction of the sensing-intuition and the thinking-feeling scales predicts scores on the judgement-perception scale almost as well as these same two scales predict collectively. REFERENCES
Ocular Pharmacokinetic Study Using T 1 Mapping and Gd-Chelate- Labeled Polymers

Purpose Recent advances in drug discovery have led to the development of a number of therapeutic macromolecules for treatment of posterior eye diseases. We aimed to investigate the clearance of macromolecular contrast probes (polymers conjugated with Gd-chelate) in the vitreous after intravitreal injections with the recently developed ms-DSEPI-T12 MRI and to examine the degradation of disulfide-containing biodegradable polymers in the vitreous humor in vivo.
Developing Emotional Competence in Preschoolers: A Review of Regulation Research and Recommendations for Practice

Regulation has been implicated in the development of emotional and behavioral disorders in childhood. Indeed, emotion dysregulation is one of the most common reasons families seek psychological services and behavioral supports. Interventions to support children with regulatory difficulties may be enhanced if they are informed by basic psychological research on the topic. This paper includes a review of basic regulation research conducted over the last 20 years. This research base about the positive development of regulatory skills is then related to the treatment of emotion regulation deficits, emphasizing the role that school psychologists and school-based interventions may play in supporting appropriate regulatory strategies for young children.
Structure and choice in the sociology of culture

In the methodological appendix to my counterculture book I referred to an incipient crisis in ethnography brought about by the doubts of ethnographers regarding whether they know what they claim to know, and whether those claims do any good or any harm to what people in what quantities; and who cared about the resolution of these doubts. I also talked briefly about efforts at solution represented at that time by grounded theory, ethnomethodology, leftist advocacy, and the kind of reflexive, interpretive ethnography represented (among other representations) by my book.1
Synchronous Primary Lung Cancers

Synchronous primary lung cancers no doubt exist but are relatively rare. The problem of accurate diagnosis has not yet been solved, despite the routine use of bronchoscopy and computed tomography of the chest. It is likely that some patients with metastatic cancer are being grouped with those thought to have early stage SPLCs. The use of DNA ploidy analysis or other sophisticated molecular biologic techniques may improve the ability to accurately categorize these patients in the future 16 . Current optimal treatment of early stage SPLC includes complete surgical resection. Because of the propensity for these patients to develop additional cancers, and considering their overall 5-year survival, use of more conservative, lung-sparing operations may be appropriate. Whether adjuvant therapy will improve overall survival is unknown. Unfortunately, since few such patients exist, prospective trials to assess the outcome of such therapy are not possible. Some SPLC cases may represent one extreme of the lung cancer spectrum, in which field changes in the mucosa give rise to multiple foci of carcinoma in situ. As such, they may benefit from experimental preventive measures such as the use of beta carotene or retinoids, which have been effective in preventing additional primary cancers from developing in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. 17
Milligram to gram scale purification and characterization of dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-512F

A sequence of dextranase treatment, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, affinity chromatography on Sephadex G-200, and chromatography on DEAE-Trisacryl M has been optimized to give a dextransucrase preparation with low carbohydrate content (1-100 micrograms/mg protein) and high specific activity (90-170 U/mg protein) relative to previous procedures, in 30-50% yield. Levansucrase was absent after DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and dextranase was undetectable after Sephadex G-200 chromatography. The method could be scaled up to produce gram quantities of purified enzyme. The purified dextransucrase had a pH optimum of 5.0-5.5, a Km of 12-16 mM, and produced the same lightly branched dextran as before purification. The purified enzyme was not activated by added dextran, but the rate of dextran synthesis increased abruptly during dextran synthesis at a dextran concentration of approximately 0.1 mg/mL. The enzyme had two major forms, of molecular weight 177,000 and 158,000. The 177,000 form predominated in fresh preparations of culture supernatant or purified enzyme, whereas the amount of the 158,000 form increased at the expense of the 177,000 form during storage of either preparation.
Testing mixing models of old and young groundwater in a tropical lowland rain forest with environmental tracers

[1] We tested three models of mixing between old interbasin groundwater flow (IGF) and young, locally derived groundwater in a lowland rain forest in Costa Rica using a large suite of environmental tracers. We focus on the young fraction of water using the transient tracers CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, SF6, 3H, and bomb 14C. We measured 3He, but 3H/3He dating is generally problematic due to the presence of mantle 3He. Because of their unique concentration histories in the atmosphere, combinations of transient tracers are sensitive not only to subsurface travel times but also to mixing between waters having different travel times. Samples fall into three distinct categories: (1) young waters that plot along a piston flow line, (2) old samples that have near-zero concentrations of the transient tracers, and (3) mixtures of 1 and 2. We have modeled the concentrations of the transient tracers using (1) a binary mixing model (BMM) of old and young water with the young fraction transported via piston flow, (2) an exponential mixing model (EMM) with a distribution of groundwater travel times characterized by a mean value, and (3) an exponential mixing model for the young fraction followed by binary mixing with an old fraction (EMM/BMM). In spite of the mathematical differences in the mixing models, they all lead to a similar conceptual model of young (0 to 10 year) groundwater that is locally derived mixing with old (>1000 years) groundwater that is recharged beyond the surface water boundary of the system.
Enzyme destruction by a protease contaminant in bacitracin.

Bacitracin, as purchased from biochemical supply companies, is a mixture of more than 30 different substances. The major antibiotic isoforms A and B account for about 60% of the mixture. A newly identified impurity in some, but not all, of the bacitracin lots is a powerful subtilisin-type protease capable of cleaving many proteins including protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), myosin, and a variety of artificial substrates Thus, it is important for investigators who use bacitracin as a protease or other enzyme inhibitor to determine if the bacitracin they are using is contaminated with a protease enzyme. If it is present, they may have to reinterpret their results and retest with an enzyme-free bacitracin reagent.
Investigation of reactions of metal ions and their clusters in the gas phase by laser-ionization fourier-transform mass spectrometry.

Abstract Recent developments in our laboratory involving both software and hardware modifications of the Nicolet FTMS-1000 Fourier-transform mass spectrometer now enable us to conduct research in what can be termed a “complete gas-phase chemical laboratory.” Selected ions of interest can be mixed with various reagents and their detailed chemistries monitored through a series of as many as eight reaction sequences. At any point in these sequences, ion structures can be elucidated and fundamental kinetic and thennodynamic parameters of the reactions can be determined. In particular we have been applying these powerful new techniques to the examination of the gas-phase chemistry and photochemistry of metal ions, metal clusters and metal complexes, which have a bearing on the fundamentals of organometallic chemistry and catalysis. This paper presents some highlights of this work.
A computer-compatible technique for recording binary events In real time

A technique is described for recording binary stimulus and response events on computer-compatible media mich as punched-paper tape and incremental magnetic tape. A specific implementation of the technique is presented along with a consideration of programming a computer to recover the recorded data. Various extensions and limitations of the technique are also included.
Blood Pressure in Adolescence and Early Adulthood Related to Obesity and Birth Size

Objective: Obesity is an established risk factor for higher systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure in adolescence and early adulthood, but birth size may also have a role. We analyzed the effects of adolescent and adult obesity and birth size on BP in the young adult. Research Methods and Procedures: In a prospective longitudinal study, anthropometric measurements were obtained at birth on 67 boys and 67 girls bom in Boston. Their body mass indices (BMI) and BP were recorded 17 years and 30 years later. Results: For women, adolescent and early adult obesity appeared to be the stronger determinants of higher BP, although smaller head and chest circumferences at birth may also be related. We found some evidence of birth (ponderal index [PI] and head circumference) anthropometric influences on age 17 BP levels in boys. By age 30, body mass variables were the dominant predictors of male BP levels. Female BMI at age 17 was positively correlated with birth adiposity (PI), but BMI at 30 was related only to age 17 BMI. Similarly, male BMI at 17 years was higher for those who weighed more at birth, but BMI at 30 years was again related only to age 17 BMI. Discussion: We conclude that adult weight and weight gain are the major determinants of adult BP.
Antibiotic and insecticide resistance modeling – is it time to start talking?

Mathematical models have played an important part in understanding both antibiotic and insecticide resistance. However, there has been little, if any, interdisciplinary work between these two areas of active research. One primary reason for this is that bacterial population genetics differ substantially from the population genetics of diploid organisms. This article examines these differences and their effect on resistance. It explores what efforts have gone into modeling resistance mathematically in both arenas, and offers suggestions on how the two groups could work together to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the resistance phenomenon
Activation by dopamine of patterned motor output from the buccal ganglia of Helisoma trivolvis

The buccal ganglia of the snail, Helisoma trivolvis, contain an intrinsic system of dopamine-containing neurons (Trimble, Barker, and Bullard, 1983). Dopamine, when bath applied to the isolated buccal ganglia, activates patterned motor output in a dose-dependent fashion. Haloperidol blocks the activating effect of dopamine, but the similar activation evoked by serotonin is not blocked by haloperidol. We suggest that there are two separate mechanisms for activating patterned motor output from the buccal ganglia. One is serotonergic, emanating from identified cerebral ganglion cells (Granzow and Kater, 1977), while the other is dopaminergic, involving neurons intrinsic to the buccal ganglia.
Clinical outcomes from the war: introduction.

Abstract : The advanced technology applications for combat casualty care (ATACCC) conference has been held yearly since 1992. This meeting has evolved to be the meeting for the Department of Defense where both clinical and research members of the medical community report their research activities and requirements in combat casualty care. The global war on terrorism brought new urgency to our research goals. The medical community, both clinical and research, has focused their efforts on improving and documenting not only their experience but also the improvements in combat casualty care. During the last several years presentations at ATACCC have described these efforts. After the start of combat operations in Afghanistan and Iraq several initiatives were launched to speed up data capture and analysis of combat data. The Joint Theater Trauma Registry (JTTR) and the new Deployed Combat Casualty Care Research Team are two results of this effort. The overarching goal of these efforts is to implement data driven changes in clinical practice on the battlefield.
In situ cell nucleus deformation in tendons under tensile load; a morphological analysis using confocal laser microscopy

Cell and cell nucleus deformations have been implicated in the mechanotransduction of mechanical loads acting on tissues. While in situ cell nucleus deformation in response to increasing tissue strains has been examined in articular cartilage this phenomenon has not been investigated in tendons. To examine in situ cell nuclei deformation in tendons undergoing tensile strain rat tail tendons were harvested from adult Sprague–Dawley rats and stained with acridine orange to highlight the cell nuclei. The tendons were mounted on a custom-designed, low-load, tensile testing device affixed to the mechanical stage of a confocal laser microscope. Cells within the tendons were isolated for analysis. Images of individual cells were captured at 0% strain as well as sequentially at 2%, 4% and 6% grip-to-grip tendon strain. Digital images of the cell nuclei were then measured in the x (length) and y (height) axis and deformation expressed as a percentage of cell nuclei strain. In addition, centroid-to-centroid distances of adjacent cell nuclei within each image were measured and used to calculate local tissue strain. There was a weak (r2=0.34) but significant (p<0.01) correlation between local tissue strain and cell nucleus strain in the x axis. The results of this study support the hypothesis that in situ cell nucleus deformation does occur during tensile loading of tendons. This deformation may play a significant role in the mechanical signal transduction pathway of this tissue.
The role of moral knowledge in everyday immorality: What does it matter if I know what is right?

Abstract In contrast to other well-known cognitive models of moral decision-making, social cognitive theory posits that individuals can disengage from their own moral standards thereby allowing themselves to commit immoral acts. While previous research largely supports the general premise of moral disengagement, we suggest that direct tests of moral disengagement processes and the commensurate diminished role of moral knowledge are conspicuously absent. In five studies, we use multiple methods to capture both knowledge of the immorality of an act and theorized in situ processes of moral disengagement. Ultimately, we find no evidence of the proposed processes associated with moral disengagement. Furthermore, our data suggests that moral knowledge is a key driver of moral behavior in everyday situations and is not easily set aside. We conclude by discussing the implications of this research for theory and practice.
Critical point inequalities and scaling limits

A refined and extended version of the Buckingham-Gunton inequality relating various pairs of critical exponents is shown to be valid for a large class of statistical mechanical models. If this inequality is an equality (in the refined sense) and one of the critical exponents has a non-Gaussian value, then any scaling limit must be non-Gaussian. This result clarifies the relationship between the nontriviality or triviality of the scaling limit for ordinary critical points in four dimensions (or tricritical points in three dimensions) and the existence of logarithmic factors in the asymptotics which define the two critical exponents.
The state of stress in subducting slabs as revealed by earthquakes analysed by moment tensor inversion

Abstract We have used a data set of earthquakes whose mechanisms have been studied, here or elsewhere, by moment tensor inversion, to confirm some earlier ideas concerning the state of stress in subducting slabs. The moment tensor method offers the advantages of speed and objectivity over earlier methods, usually based exclusively on first-motion data. Deep earthquakes (below 300–400 km) tend to have compression axes aligned with the dip of the subducting slab. The behavior of intermediate earthquakes (from 70 to 300 km) is less clear. There is some evidence for down-dip tension, but the alignment is not as obvious as it is in the case of the compression axes of deep events. Tonga shows a tendency toward down-dip compression at intermediate depths, but other deep-extending slabs, as well as shallow-extending slabs (slabs with maximum depths shallower than 300 km), seem to be closer to down-dip tension.
Kant and the Foundations of Mathematics

The heart of Kant’s views on the nature of mathematics is his thesis that the judgments of pure mathematics are synthetic a priori. Kant usually offers this as one thesis, but it is fruitful to regard it as consisting of two separate claims, a metaphysical subthesis and an epistemological subthesis.
INTENTIONAL SCUTTLING OF VESSELS AS A RESPONSE ALTERNATIVE

ABSTRACT The intentional scuttling of vessels is infrequently conducted as part of a pollution response. Notable exceptions include the M/V New Carissa in Oregon and the TIB Morris J. Berman in Puerto Rico. The decision to scuttle a vessel is usually complicated and controversial, and hopefully is made only after thorough consideration of the environmental trade-offs. This paper summarizes recent case histories of intentional sinkings and outlines the typical environmental considerations and trade-offs. The paper also summarizes the applicable policies, laws and regulations for both planned and emergency scuttling2. This summary of issues may be useful to both spill responders and resource managers dealing with derelict vessels if scuttling is under consideration as a response or disposal method. Finally, the paper discusses the relationship between scuttling and “places of refuge” and concludes that emergency scuttling should be considered as a component of refuge planning and may be a potential conseque...
Common foundations underlying engineering and management

Because many of the engineer's chief problems have their origin in the management system, perhaps his philosophy should be applied to the management interface that couples engineering to the needs of society Management has been sharply distinguished from engineering in the literature even though both share common principles and philosophy. Although both management and engineering lie within the scope of IEEE, few articles have been published that reflect the social and managerial environment that shapes the selection, pursuit, and outcome of an engineering endeavor. Likewise, management articles seldom integrate the technical and psychological aspects into a comprehensive picture of the manager's role.
Self-Care of Women Growing Older With HIV and/or AIDS

The purpose of this report is to describe the ways older women living with HIV perceive of and practice self-care. Data are taken from a culturally diverse subsample of 9 women age 50 years or older who participated in a larger longitudinal qualitative study of women who were HIV infected. During a period of 2 years, 10 semistructured narrative interviews were conducted with each of the 9 participants to gain an in-depth understanding of their experiences with symptom management, adherence to medical regimens, reduction of HIV risk, access to health care and social services, and personal efforts to maintain their health. Transcribed data were managed using Nvivo software and analyzed using multistaged narrative analysis. Findings suggest that mature women living with HIV integrate actions to maintain bodily comfort and improve physical well-being with actions that champion and conserve the existential self. Excerpts from their interviews illustrate this dialectical understanding of self-care.
A hydrophobic entrance enhances ion current rectification and induces dewetting in asymmetric nanopores

Hydrophobic interactions and local dewetting of hydrophobic cavities have been identified as a key mechanism for ionic gating in biological voltage-gated channels in a cell membrane. Hydrophobic interactions are responsible for rectification of the channels, i.e. the ability to transport ions more efficiently in one direction compared to the other. We designed single polymer nanopores with a hydrophobic gate on one side in the form of a single layer of C10 or C18 thiols. This nanoporous system behaves like an ionic diode whose direction of rectification is regulated by the pH of the electrolyte. In addition, reversible dewetting of the hydrophobic region of the pore was observed as voltage-dependent ion current fluctuations in time between conducting and non-conducting states. The observations are in accordance with earlier molecular dynamics simulations, which predicted the possibility of spontaneous and reversible dewetting of hydrophobic pores.
An Alternative Perspective Concerning the Differential Psychophysiological Responsivity of Persons with the Type A and Type B Behavior Patterns.

Abstract A systematic review of the task-related differences in physiological arousal between Type A and Type B persons revealed that the differences are less consistent and of a smaller magnitude than what is usually assumed. Specifically, only 6 of the 24 experiments dealing with heart rate revealed reliable differences: only 4 of the 18 experiments dealing with diastolic blood pressure revealed realiable differences; and only 13 of the 20 experiments dealing with systolic blood pressure revealed reliable differences. Furthermore, the median difference in systolic blood pressure between Type A and Type B persons who were working on tasks is only 6 mm Hg. This summary probably constitutes a “liberal” estimate of the consistency and magnitude of the differences because it is based only on published investigations and because many investigations involved numerous comparisons. Hypotheses for the patterning of results were discussed. Conclusions based on this summary have a variety of implications for interpreting the research concerning personality type and coronary heart disease.
Chiroptical spectroscopic determination of molecular structures of chiral sulfinamides: t-butanesulfinamide.

The absolute configuration of t-butanesulfinamide has been determined as (−)-(S) using three different chiroptical spectroscopic methods, namely, vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and optical rotatory dispersion (ORD). Furthermore, the predominant conformation of this molecule is determined to have SO and NH2 groups staggered with respect to the three methyl groups and to have amine hydrogens in gauche orientation with respect to SO. The quality of predictions obtained for vibrational properties, namely, vibrational absorption and VCD, is found to be satisfactory with the B3LYP functional and 6-31G* basis set. However, this basis set is found to be inadequate for obtaining reliable predictions of electronic properties, namely, electronic absorption and ECD, but a larger aug-cc-pVDZ basis set is found to provide satisfactory prediction of electronic properties. t-Butanesulfinamide serves as an example which invalidates the recommendation of using the 6-31G* basis se...
Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease in the Adult

A total of 205 adults with a variety of congenital heart lesions underwent operation for total correction of their defects. Operative and long-term mortality were 3 and 4 percent, respectively. There has been only one operative death in the past five years (85 patients). While most defects were repaired with good hemodynamic and symptomatic improvement, the three lesions associated with the worst results were cyanotic tetralogy of Fallot, severe pulmonic stenosis complicated by atrial septal defect, and ostium primum atrial septal defect. Myocardial failure due to end-stage myocardial fibrosis was the major cause of operative mortality. Myocardial fibrosis and irreversible pulmonary changes seemed to be the two factors limiting operative correction. An aggressive operative approach seems justified based on this study.
The reversibility of the ethidium bromide-induced alterations of mitochondrial structure and function in the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum.

Addition of ethidium bromide to ameboid cultures of the slime mold,Dictyostelium discoideum, caused a cessation of cell division after 1 or 2 generations. The replication of mitochondrial DNA was immediately blocked as indicated by the 50% decrease in the DNA content of purified mitochondria from ethidium-bromide-treated cultures. The activity of the respiratory chain was also inhibited, resulting in a 75% decrease in cyanide-sensitive whole cell respiration. Spectral analysis at low temperature indicated that the amount of cytochromec1 was decreased 80% and that of cytochromec increased 100% in mitochondria from treated cells. Two cytochromesb absorbing at 556 and 561 nm were observed in mitochondria from both control and ethidium-bromide-treated cultures. The content of cytochromeb561 appeared to decline more than didb556, but it is hard to quantitate the decrease. The effects of ethidium bromide were fully reversible. When the drug was removed, the cells resumed a normal growth rate without any discernible lag. The activity of oligomycin-sensitive ATPase, cytochrome oxidase, and succinate-cytochrome-c reductase as well as the cytochrome content began to increase after 1 day returning to control levels within 5 days. Electron micrographs of whole cells treated with ethidium bromide revealed that mitochondrial profiles were elongated and had greatly reduced cristae. Numerous membrane whorls were apparent, as was a profound loss of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Three days after removal of ethidium bromide, mitochondria were again ovoid in shape and contained well-developed cristae. In all of the cells during recovery, there was a single large vacuole that appeared to enclose a large portion of the cell volume, forming a new cellular compartment that may simplify the breakdown of previously damaged organelles.
Transient rheological responses in sheared biaxial liquid crystals

We study the rheological response of monodomain ellipsoidal biaxial liquid crystal polymers (BLCP) as well as bent-core or V-shaped liquid crystal polymers (VLCP) subject to steady and time-dependent small amplitude oscillatory shear in selected regions of the model as well as flow parameter space. We adopt the two newly developed hydrodynamical kinetic theories for ellipsoidal BLCPs and VLCPs, respectively (Sircar and Wang, PRE 78:061702, 2008, J Rheol 53:819–858, 2009; Sircar et al., Comm Math Sci (in press), 2010), in which a generalized Straley’s potential is used to represent the pairwise mean-field interaction of the mesoscopic system in biaxial phases. Transient shear stresses and normal stress differences corresponding to steady and small amplitude oscillatory shear are investigated; their variations with respect to the strength of the intermolecular potential, types of biaxial interaction, and changes in the aspect ratios for ellipsoidal BLCPs and the bent angle for VLCPs are explored.
College students' self-report of psychosocial factors in reactive forms of relational and physical aggression

This cross-sectional self-report study examined reactive physical aggression and reactive relational aggression as they relate to psychological distress, social behavior, and relationship quality in college students. A total of 329, primarily freshman year, college students participated. Results revealed statistically significant gender differences in the two types of aggression, as well as significant correlations between relational and physical aggression and their relation to psychological, social, and relationship quality variables. Exclusivity was uniquely associated with more reactive relational aggression in females, whereas hostility and depression were uniquely associated with reactive physical aggression in males. These results offer support for unique social and psychological factors in females and males, associated with reactive relational and physical aggression, respectively.
Aqua depicta. Representation of water in art and science

(1992). Aqua depicta. Representation of water in art and science. La Houille Blanche: Vol. 78, No. 5, pp. 371-379.
Emotionally Involved: The Impact of Researching Rape

Preface: Emotional Work: Researching Sexual Violence in Women's Lives 1. Creating Difference - Thinking vs. Feeling: The Role of Emotions in Research 2. From Thinking to Feeling: The Stories that Bring Feeling to Researching Rape 3. Feeling: The Emotions of Researching Rape 4. From Feeling to Thinking: The Insights Feeling Rape Brings to Researching Rape 5. Creating Balance - Thinking and Feeling: The Possibilities for Emotionally- Engaged Research Appendix A: The Development, Process, and Methodology of the Researching-the-Researcher Study Appendix B: The Researching-the-Researcher Interview Protocol References Endnotes
Evaluation of an academic service partnership using a strategic alliance framework.

Abstract Strategic alliances involve the sharing of resources to achieve mutually relevant benefits and they are flexible ways to access resources outside of one's own institution. The recent landmark report from the Institute of Medicine, The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health , called for academic and health care organizations to strategically align around the future registered nurse workforce to improve the quality and safety of patient care. 1 The dedicated education unit (DEU) is one practical way for 2 entities to align so that students can learn to administer safe, quality care. Because DEUs have great potential, it is critical to evaluate the alignment between the academic and service partner for appropriate fit, mutual benefit, and long-term success. In this article, we analyze the effectiveness of the Saint Louis University School of Nursing (SLUSON) and Mercy Hospital, St. Louis (MHSL) DEU project, an alliance between a medical center and school of nursing, using the Single Alliance Key Success Model.
Role of the lateral prefrontal cortex in speech monitoring

The role of lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) in speech monitoring has not been delineated. Recent work suggests that medial frontal cortex (MFC) is involved in overt speech monitoring initiated before auditory feedback. This mechanism is reflected in an event-related potential (ERP), the error negativity (Ne), peaking within 100 ms after vocal-onset. Critically, in healthy individuals the Ne is sensitive to the accuracy of the response; it is larger for error than correct trials. By contrast, patients with LPFC damage are impaired in non-verbal monitoring tasks showing no amplitude difference between the Ne measured in correct vs. error trials. Interactions between the LPFC and the MFC are assumed to play a necessary role for normal action monitoring. We investigated whether the LPFC was involved in speech monitoring to the same extent as in non-linguistic actions by comparing performance and EEG activity in patients with LPFC damage and in aged-matched controls performing linguistic (Picture Naming) and non-linguistic (Simon) tasks. Controls did not produce enough errors to allow the comparison of the Ne or other ERP in error vs. correct trials. PFC patients had worse performance than controls in both tasks, but their Ne was larger for error than correct trials only in Naming. This task-dependent pattern can be explained by LPFC-dependent working-memory requirements present in non-linguistic tasks used to study action monitoring but absent in picture naming. This suggests that LPFC may not be necessary for speech monitoring as assessed by simple picture naming. In addition, bilateral temporal cortex activity starting before and peaking around vocal-onset was observed in LPFC and control groups in both tasks but was larger for error than correct trials only in Naming, suggesting the temporal cortex is associated with on-line monitoring of speech specifically when access to lexical representations is necessary.
Cholecystokinin potentiates the rate-decreasing effects of morphine on schedule-controlled behavior in rats.

Abstract In one component of a multiple schedule, responding (licking in rats) was reinforced under a fixed-ratio (FR 50) schedule of water presentation. In the other component, responding had no programmed consequences (timeout). Each session consisted of four 10-min timeout components alternating with four FR components. In general, increasing cumulative doses of morphine (3.2–18 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent decrease in the overall rate of responding. In one subject, cholecystokinin (CCK) alone (10–32 μg/kg) produced dose-dependent decreases in rate in the first component, while in the other two subjects relatively little decrease in rate occurred. When these doses of CCK were given as a pretreatment before morphine, the decrease in overall response rate was greater than that found with morphine alone. This interaction was most noticeable at the lowest dose of morphine where CCK produced a dose-dependent “potentiation” of the rate-decreasing effects. Although the potentiation by CCK was not as evident at the intermediate doses of morphine, there were instances in which the rate-decreasing effects produced by the combination were greater than those expected from addition of the effects of CCK and morphine alone. In contrast, when naltrexone (1 mg/kg) was given as a pretreatment, little or no rate-decreasing effects were produced by the cumulative doses of morphine. Furthermore, pretreatment with naltrexone and the administration of a higher dose range of morphine indicated the dose-effect curve for morphine had shifted approximately 3 4 log-units to the right. The CCK-morphine potentiation found in the present study with schedule-controlled behavior is in contrast to the CCK-morphine antagonism previously reported using measures such as analgesia and feeding.