cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Novel Weighted-Graph-Based Grouping Algorithm for Metadata Prefetching

Although data prefetching algorithms have been extensively studied for years, there is no counterpart research done for metadata access performance. Existing data prefetching algorithms, either lack of emphasis on group prefetching, or bearing a high level of computational complexity, do not work well with metadata prefetching cases. Therefore, an efficient, accurate, and distributed metadata-oriented prefetching scheme is critical to leverage the overall performance in large distributed storage systems. In this paper, we present a novel weighted-graph-based prefetching technique, built on both direct and indirect successor relationship, to reap performance benefit from prefetching specifically for clustered metadata servers, an arrangement envisioned necessary for petabyte-scale distributed storage systems. Extensive trace-driven simulations show that by adopting our new metadata prefetching algorithm, the miss rate for metadata accesses on the client site can be effectively reduced, while the average response time of metadata operations can be dramatically cut by up to 67 percent, compared with legacy LRU caching algorithm and existing state-of-the-art prefetching algorithms.
Lone Geniuses in Popular Science: The Devaluation of Scientific Consensus.

Popular accounts of scientific discoveries diverge from scholarly accounts, stripping off hedges and promoting short-term social consequences. This case study illustrates how the “horse-race”framing of popular accounts devalues the collective sharing, challeng ing, and extending of scientific work. In her best-selling Longitude, Dava Sobel (1996) depicts John Harrison’s 18th-century invention of a marine chronometer, a groundbreaking precision instrument that eventually allowed sailors to calculate their longitude at sea, as an unequal race with Harrison as beleaguered hero. Sobel represents the demands of the Board of Longitude to test and replicate the chronometer as the obstructionist machinations of an academic elite. Her framing underreports the feasibility of the chronometer and its astronomical rival, the lunar distance method, which each satisfied different criteria. That readers accept Sobel’s framing is indicated by an analysis of 187 reviews posted on Amazon.com, suggesting that popular representation of science fuels cynicism in popular and academic forums.
The solvent dependence of ionic properties in solution in the limit of infinite dilution

The dependence of the Gibbs solvation energy and limiting ionic conductance for simple ions on the solvent nature is discussed for a collection of data in 18 polar solvents both protic and aprotic. It is shown that the Gibbs solvation energy depends on the acidity and basicity of the solvent, concepts based on a detailed quantum mechanical description of the solvent molecule and its interaction with ions in its vicinity. On the other hand, ionic mobility, after correction for solvent viscosity, depends on the size of the surrounding molecules, and to a lesser extent on their acid-base properties.
Betrayal Trauma and Borderline Personality Characteristics: Gender Differences

Borderline Personality Disorder has been linked to both trauma and insecure attachment styles. Betrayal Trauma Theory proposes those who have experienced interpersonal trauma may remain unaware of betrayal in order to maintain a necessary attachment. This study attempts to replicate the association between self-reported betrayal trauma experiences and borderline personality characteristics found by Kaehler and Freyd (2009); however, this project includes participants from a community, rather than a college, sample. Using multiple regression, all three levels of betrayal (high, medium, and low) and gender were significant predictors of borderline personality characteristics. Separate regression analyses were conducted for both genders to explore the associations of betrayal trauma on these traits. For men, all three levels of betrayal trauma were significant predictors; for women, only high and medium betrayal traumas were significant. These findings suggest trauma may be a key factor of borderline personality disorder, with differential effects for betrayal and gender.
Pulsed breakdown characterization of advanced liquid dielectrics for high-power high-pressure rep-rate oil switching

Several advanced oils have been identified by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, for characterization by MU as pressurized dielectric switching media. The oils tested were Diala AX transformer oil, a hydrogenated 1-decene polyalphaolefin, two hydrogenated 1-decene/1-dodecene polyalphaolefin mixtures, a silahydrocarbon, an ester, an alkylbenzene, and a silicone oil. Experiments on the pulsed voltage breakdown were performed to characterize the breakdown behavior of these dielectrics. A pulse generator, specifically designed for the characterization of oil breakdown strength, was implemented for this study. The pulse generator produced a voltage rise of 250-kV/µs across a 1.85-mm electrode gap. Thirty high voltage pulses were applied to each of the eight oils at five oil pressures, totaling 150 breakdown measurements per oil. The oils were pressurized to 3.45, 5.17, 6.89, 8.62, and 10.34-MPa during testing. Before each test cycle, the oil was sparged with dry nitrogen to reduce the water content, and the switch electrodes were polished. Between each of the 150 tests the oil was filtered to remove generated carbon.
Why be nice? Psychological constraints on the evolution of cooperation

Animals often aid others without gaining any immediate benefits. Although these acts seem to reduce the donor’s fitness, they are only apparently altruistic. Donors typically help because they or their kin receive future benefits or avoid costly punishment. Reciprocal altruism ‐ alternating the roles of donor and recipient ‐ has been a well-studied form of cooperation among non-kin because of its intuitive appeal in explaining human cooperation. Despite immense theoretical interest, little empirical evidence substantiates the biological importance of reciprocal altruism in non-human animals. We propose that this is because psychological mechanisms constrain its application in cooperative contexts. In particular, we contend that cognitive limitations such as temporal discounting, numerical discrimination and memory make reciprocity difficult for animals.
Patient Education to Reduce Disparities in Renal Transplantation

Healthcare disparities can be defined as differences in health outcomes that are unnecessary and avoidable, and in addition, that are considered unfair and unjust ([1][1],[2][2]). The existence of such disparities in kidney transplantation has been recognized for over a decade ([3][3],[4][4]).
Atypical Fibroxanthoma with Granular Cell Change

Atypical fibroxanthoma is a fairly common dermal neoplasm that is characterized histologically by infiltrating pleomorphic spindle cells and atypical giant cells with numerous mitoses. Clinically, the lesion most commonly presents as a solitary ulcerated papule on the head or neck of elderly males. We report a patient with a rare granular cell variant of atypical fibroxanthoma. The patient was a seventy-five-year-old male with a history of squamous cell carcinoma on the left scalp treated by Mohs surgery two years prior. In the vicinity of the previous squamous cell carcinoma site, the patient presented with a slow growing, approximately 1.0 by 1.0 cm red, violaceous, firm nodule on the left scalp. The clinical impression was recurrent squamous cell carcinoma. Biopsy of the lesion revealed a dermal tumor composed of pleomorphic cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm with numerous typical and atypical mitoses. The tumor stained focally with Factor VIII, CD 68, and SMA and 30% of the neoplastic cells stained with Ki 67. Staining for Keratin cocktail, High Molecular Weight Keratin, Melan A and S100 were negative. PAS strongly stained the granules. These features are consistent with a granular cell variant of atypical fibroxanthoma.
Effect of Dietary Vitamin E and Irradiation on Lipid Oxidation, Color, and Volatiles of Fresh and Previously Frozen Turkey Breast Patties

When dietary TA was increased from 0 to 200 IU/kg diet, plasma and muscle vitamin E levels increased by 5- and 4-fold, respectively. Dietary TA at 100 IU/kg diet significantly improved the storage stability of turkey breast, and it was more distinct in irradiated than nonirradiated meats. Both irradiation and dietary TA increased a*-values of turkey breast meat, but irradiation had a stronger impact. The redness of meat decreased during the 7-d storage, but irradiated meat maintained redder color than nonirradiated. Irradiated meat produced more sulfur volatiles and aldehydes than nonirradiated meats, and dietary TA effectively reduced these compounds during storage. The effects of dietary TA on the reduction of off-odor volatiles were more distinct in previously frozen-stored meats than in fresh meats.
Effects of cimetidine on biliary lipids in patients with reflux esophagitis.

In 14 patients with re flux esophagitis previously treated with antacids, the effects of addition of cimetidine on biliary lipids were studied. Each subject served as his own control, but no placebo medication was used. It was found that cimetidine (300 mg p.o. q.i.d.), over a 6-mo period of therapy, did not significantly alter lipid composition of fasting gallbladder bile, biliary lipid secretions, bile acid pool size, and its internal composition. In addition to detailed biliary studies, other observations were also made. Symptomatically, most of the patients responded favorably to cimetidine, and 9 of the 14 patients reported virtual elimination of bothersome symptoms while taking this medication. Concomitant with symptomatic improvement, daily antacid requirement was significantly reduced. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure was unaffected by cimetidine. No significant side effects were noted in this series of patients.
Introduction: germline stem cell therapy in humans: two are not enough

In this Views and Reviews section the authors review male and female germline stem cell research, including the potential for translation to the clinic. Larger and more complex teams, beyond basic and clinical science expertise, will be necessary to achieve this goal.
Developing Stronger Peer-to-Peer Feedback in the Undergraduate Creative Writing Workshop

This analysis of peer-to-peer feedback explores the types of feedback most prominently seen in the 200-level introductory course, the 300-level intermediate courses, and the 400-level advanced course in creative writing at Grand Valley State University. The undergraduate creative writing students who completed this study observed writing workshops, interviewed writing faculty, surveyed writing students, and analyzed over three hundred peer-to-peer feedback letters. The results of the study showed that undergraduate writing students often supplied reaction-based comments that were negative and vague, but rarely gave specific and positive advice that was technique-based. This study suggests that undergraduate writers would benefit from pedagogies developing more balanced peer-to-peer feedback in the creative writing workshop.
Can you hear me now? Understanding hearing loss.

Classifying hearing loss According to the World Health Organization (WHO), impairment is defined as an abnormality of the ear structure or auditory system function. Disability is the functional consequence of impairment—an inability to hear certain sounds or to speak clearly. Further, handicap is the social consequence of impairment, which can include isolation, job loss, or making career changes as a result of communication difficulties. Central Auditory Processing Disorder describes the difficulty in listening and processing sounds that are heard. The WHO is in the process of revising their classifications in view of a person’s circumstances, along the dimensions of body function, structure and activity, and social participation.
Linear Stability of Hypersonic Flow over a Parabolic Leading Edge

The stability of the hypersonic flow over a parabolic leading edge is numerically investigated using linear stability analysis accounting for the existance of shock waves in comparison with direct numerical simulations. The linear stability analysis is performed using a global spectral collocation method accounting for the shock effects by using Rankine-Hugoniot shock conditions on the upper boundary. It is shown that in addition to the boundary layer first modes and higher modes(Mack modes), the linear stability of the hypersonic flow between a bow shock and a parabolic leading edge has a new family of modes, shock modes. The shock modes are important mainly in the shock layer. Due to the bow shock at the upper boundary, disturbance modes can communicate between the shock layer and the boundary layer. As a consequence, the evolution of boundary layer modes in the flow field may deviate from that in a flat plate boundary layer case. The stability characteristics of these modes are studied including the effects of frequency, Reynolds number, wave angle.
Climate Change, Quantitative Genetics and

Adaptive evolution is an almost universal response of the global biota to environmental change. Native populations are currently being challenged by climate change and other anthropogenic stressors in unprecedented ways. Quantitative genetic studies can help us understand how natural selection will change in the future and the extent to which wild populations will be able to acclimate through phenotypic plasticity and adapt through genetically based evolution. This encyclopedia article provides an overview of questions that are amenable to quantitative genetic approaches, an overview of basic concepts in quantitative genetics, and a brief review of findings using these techniques. It is imperative that we continue to enhance our understanding of biotic adaptation to climate change to inform sound conservation strategies. Quantitative genetics is a powerful approach to achieve this objective.
The Power Engineering Workforce in Washington and the Pacific Northwest: Opportunities and Challenges

The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the great contributions of Professor Gerald T. Heydt in power engineering education. Dr. Heydt is a distinguished educator and researcher admired by power engineering educators and students around the world. Through teaching, research, textbook writing, and leadership in power engineering educational activities, Dr. Heydt has set a prominent example for many to follow. For his contributions in power engineering education, Dr. Heydt received the IEEE Outstanding Power Engineering Educator Award and the Edison Electric Institute Power Engineering Educator Award.
Modulation of BK Channels by Ethanol.

In alcohol-naive systems, ethanol (<100mM) exposure of calcium-gated BK channels perturbs physiology and behavior. Brief (several minutes) ethanol exposure usually leads to increased BK current, which results from ethanol interaction with a pocket mapped to the BK channel-forming slo1 protein cytosolic tail domain. The importance of this region in ethanol-induced intoxication has been independently supported by an unbiased screen of Caenorhabditis elegans slo1 mutants. However, ethanol-induced BK activation is not universal as refractoriness and inhibition have been reported. The final effect depends on many factors, including intracellular calcium levels, slo1 isoform, BK beta subunit composition, posttranslational modification of BK proteins, channel lipid microenvironment, and type of ethanol administration. Studies in Drosophila melanogaster, C. elegans, and rodents show that protracted/repeated ethanol administration leads to tolerance to ethanol-induced modification of BK-driven physiology and behavior. Unveiling the mechanisms underlying tolerance is of major importance, as tolerance to ethanol has been proposed as predictor of risk for alcoholism.
The acquisition of methotrexate resistance by gene amplification

The emergence of organisms or cells with resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is a vexing and frequent problem. Such resistances have generally been considered to result from mutations (point mutations or deletions) affecting the properties of proteins such that the drug no longer functions to inhibit cellular processes. In the past 8 years a number of studies from different laboratories and with a variety of organisms, have shown that various forms of drug resistance can result from the over-production of a normal protein, and that such over-production can result from the selection of cells with amplified genes. This paper will summarize studies from the authors’ laboratory concerning the acquisition of resistance to methotrexate (MTX). Such resistance phenomena have a number of unusual characteristics of importance in chemotherapy, and these will be discussed briefly.
Introduction: The Intimacy of Violence

A short introduction sets up the main theoretical issues of the book. In Eastern Europe, Holocaust perpetrators were intimately connected with their victims. Therefore the history of the Holocaust in the East represents a fundamentally different pattern of violence than the history of the Holocaust in Western Europe.
The International Distribution of Saving: Past and Future

This paper analyzes theories of saving applied to the international economy and the balance of payments. It is divided into three parts. Part I describes alternative concepts of saving from classical times through the present and discusses some of the facts and theories underlying the drop in the saving rate in the western world over the past two decades, with particular reference to the United States. Part II of the paper uses an inter-temporal trade model to analyze the effects of alternative changes in fiscal policy on the rate of interest, the balance of trade and international saving under different conditions of production and international openness. It is shown here that the effects of fiscal policy on the rate of interest and the balance of trade depends more on the period in which the government spending occurs than on the method by which the government spending is financed.
Mass spectroscopy of organometallic compounds

ion process has been studied and discussed by sev­ eral workers in terms of the importance of localized radical character at the receptor site (38, 39, 40, 41). Another example of site-specificity in the elimination of neutral molecules from odd-electron ions comes from the work of Benz and Biemann (42) and from the work of Meyerson and Leitch (43). These authors studied the electron-impact induced loss of water from a series of deuterium labeled
Denis Diderot on War and Peace: Nature and Morality / Guerra y paz en Denis Diderot: naturaleza y moralidad

Denis Diderot’s ideas about war and peace crystalize many of the contradictions in the world that he identified. On the one hand, war is a natural product of contradictions between natural law and human developments. On the other hand, it can and should always be subject to moral judgment based on a wide-ranging knowledge of history and context. War can be good if it eliminates tyranny, and bad if it limits freedom, equality, and prosperity. Peace can be good if it cultivates the latter, and bad if it freezes inequality. Diderot never allows himself to rest on universal judgments for all times and all places, but insists upon never-ending comparisons and contrasts between the moral world and the natural world. Philosophical materialism provides the basis for his understanding of the world, but morals provide the instruments of judgment.
Reinterpretation of Electrodiagnostic Studies and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scans in Patients with Nontraumatic "Isolated" Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy.

Background:Different hypotheses have been proposed for the pathophysiology of anterior interosseous nerve palsy: compression, fascicular constriction, or nerve inflammation (Parsonage-Turner syndrome). The authors hypothesized that critical reinterpretation of electrodiagnostic studies and magnetic
Advanced Engine Cooling System Subjected to Ram Air Effect—Nonlinear Adaptive Multiple Input and Multiple Output (NAMIMO) Control

Advanced engine cooling systems typically replace the traditional mechanical cooling actuators with electrical controlled ones to reduce unnecessary power losses. The real time adjustment of the pump, valve, and radiator fans allow the engine temperature to be more accurately regulated. This paper investigates a nonlinear adaptive multi-input and multi-output (NAMIMO) controller to operate the valve and radiator fans to control the engine temperature under different operating conditions. A nonlinear adaptive backstepping (NAB) control strategy and a state flow (SF) control law are introduced for comparison. An experimental laboratory station has been fabricated to evaluate the proposed controllers. The test results show that the NAMIMO controller can regulate the engine temperature to a desired value ( $| e | at steady state) and compensate for unknown heat loads and ram air effects. In contrast, the NAB control law consumes the least radiator fan power but realized a larger average temperature tracking error (40% greater than NAMIMO controller) and longer response time (34% greater than NAMIMO controller) and shows weakness when the heat load is low. Finally, the SF controller, characterized by greater oscillation and electrical power consumption (18.9% greater than the NAMIMO controller), was easy to realize and maintained the engine temperature within $| e | . The main technical contribution of the study is a nonlinear control strategy which regulates the engine temperature while compensating for unknown heat loads and ram air effects.
Using Videos in ESL Listening Achievement Tests: Effects on Difficulty

The question as to whether an assessment construct of second language (L2) listening comprehension should include the decoding of visual information remains unanswered (see Buck, 2001; Ockey, 2007). This study aimed to fill this gap by investigating how audio-only and video-enhanced delivery formats of listening passages compared in terms of difficulty for English as a second language (ESL) students. It utilized students’ performance on listening achievement tests developed by the researcher. The participants were 60 low- and high-proficiency ESL students enrolled in an American intensive English program. The participants’ scores on the achievement tests were used to compare the difficulty of items of different formats and determine whether this difficulty related to video type (context versus content) and students’ proficiency level. The findings suggested that, at least for higher-level students, listening testlets enhanced with videos containing mostly content-related visuals were significantly easier than their audio-only counterparts were. On the contrary, the inclusion of videos with mostly context visuals did not affect the difficulty of testlets in any proficiency category. The findings are discussed in terms of their practical significance for ESL teachers as well as theoretical implications for the field of ESL listening assessment.
The role of organizational context in the implementation of a statewide initiative to integrate mental health services into pediatric primary care.

BACKGROUND Although there is evidence that mental health services can be delivered in pediatric primary care with good outcomes, few changes in service delivery have been seen over the past decade. Practices face a number of barriers, making interventions that address determinants of change at multiple levels a promising solution. However, these interventions may need appropriate organizational contexts in place to be successfully implemented. PURPOSE The objective of this study was to test whether organizational context (culture, climate, structures/processes, and technologies) influenced uptake of a complex intervention to implement mental health services in pediatric primary care. METHODOLOGY/APPROACH We incorporated our research into the implementation and evaluation of Ohio Building Mental Wellness Wave 3, a learning collaborative with on-site trainings and technical assistance supporting key drivers of mental health care implementation. Simple linear regression was used to test the effects of organizational context and external or fixed organizational characteristics on program uptake. RESULTS Culture, structure/processes, and technologies scores indicating a more positive organizational context for mental health at the project's start, as well as general cultural values that were more group/developmental, were positively associated with uptake. Patient-centered medical home certification and use of electronic medical records were also associated with greater uptake. Changes in context over the course of Building Mental Wellness did not influence uptake. CONCLUSION Organizational culture, structures/processes, and technologies are important determinants of the uptake of activities to implement mental health services in pediatric primary care. Interventions may be able to change these aspects of context to make them more favorable to integration, but baseline characteristics more heavily influence the more proximal uptake of program activities. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Pediatric primary care practices would benefit from assessing their organizational context and taking steps to address it prior to or in a phased approach with mental health service implementation.
Critique [of Alternative Education for the Rom]

Leita Kaldi9s “Alternative Education for the Rom” briefly states the plight of Gypsies in the second paragraph: The Rom face an agonizing dilemma today. Either they will persist as urban nomads, in mobile ghettos, in enclaves of poverty and in prisons, or their cultural traditions will have to evolve to enable them to share in the benefits of this society, to develop a better material and social existence. Education is a basic bridge into contemporary U.S. society and a pioneering effort has been made in Seattle, Washington, to encourage the Rom to step onto that bridge.
Does climate denialism still matter? The prevalence of alternative frames in opposition to climate policy

Issue frames portraying climate science as uncertain are cited as a key impediment to new climate change and energy policies. However, some have recently argued that the debate over policy impacts,...
Work, Anthropology of

Work encompasses direct subsistence pursuits, paid employment, and other activities contributing to survival and enhancement of individual and group life. Such efforts may be coerced, onerous, and deficient in rewards, but they can also bring fulfillment. Assumptions and conceptual breakthroughs that have shaped the study of work within anthropology are outlined. Work is identified as a prominent theme in classic ethnographic accounts. The genealogy of anthropological research more explicitly focused on work is traced. Recent scholarship examining the margins of work at its intersections with unemployment, underemployment, and leisure is reviewed, along with reflexivity in the work of anthropologists themselves.
Regional Input-Output Models

In chapter 2, we set forth the economic base model and the accounts that accompany it. In the next three chapters, we developed the single-industry model further. To develop a usable regional model, we now expand our purview and consider multiple-industry models. In this chapter, we return to chapter 2 and build on the accounts and models in that chapter in order to develop a rudimentary regional input-output model. In chapter 7, we draw upon this chapter, as well as chapter 3, to specify a full forecasting and simulation model.
Homotypic and heterotypic continuity of internalizing and externalizing symptoms from ages 3 to 12: The moderating role of diurnal cortisol.

Psychological symptoms that arise in early childhood can follow a multitude of patterns into adolescence, including homotypic continuity (i.e., similar symptoms over time) and heterotypic continuity (i.e., a shift in symptoms over time). However, we know very little about the factors that distinguish homotypic vs. heterotypic continuity of early internalizing and externalizing symptoms over development. In a separate line of research, diurnal cortisol has been shown to predict later internalizing and externalizing problems. In the current study, we tested whether diurnal cortisol patterns moderated the course of internalizing and externalizing symptoms from preschool to early adolescence. 554 children (54% male) and parents participated in a longitudinal study. Parents reported on their children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms at ages 3 and 12, and children collected diurnal saliva samples at age 9. Results showed that a steeper cortisol decline at age 9 combined with high internalizing or externalizing problems at age 3 predicted higher internalizing problems at age 12. A more blunted cortisol decline combined with early internalizing or externalizing problems predicted higher externalizing problems in early adolescence. These results illustrate the moderating role of stress system functioning in homotypic and heterotypic patterns of psychopathology from preschool to early adolescence.
Outcome Monitoring and Clinical Decision Support in Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Objective. Inconsistent assessment and treatment may impair juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) outcomes. We aimed to improve polyarticular JIA (rheumatoid factor–positive and –negative) outcomes by standardizing point-of-care disease activity monitoring and implementing clinical decision support (CDS) to reduce treatment variation. Methods. We performed a quality improvement initiative in an outpatient pediatric rheumatology practice. The interventions, implemented from April to November 2016, included standardized disease activity measurement, disease activity target review, and phased introduction of polyarticular JIA CDS to guide medication selection, dosing, treatment duration, and tapering. Process measures included visit-level target attestation (goal: 50%) and CDS use (goal: 15%). Our goal was to reduce the polyarticular JIA clinical Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (cJADAS-10) by at least 10%. Included patients had at least 2 visits from April 2016 through July 2017, and were classified as having early (≤ 6 mos) or established disease (> 6 mos). Results. Patients with polyarticular JIA (n = 97; 81% established disease) were observed for 10.3 months (interquartile range: 6.4–12.3). Target attestation and CDS use occurred in a mean of 77% and 45% of polyarticular JIA visits, respectively. The median cJADAS-10 decreased significantly in both early (16.5 to 2.7, p Conclusion. Implementation of structured disease activity monitoring and CDS in polyarticular JIA was associated with significant reductions in disease activity scores in both early and established disease.
Comparison of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory and the Rivermead Postconcussion Symptoms Questionnaire

Objective: This study sought to determine the similarity of constructs measured by the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) and Rivermead Postconcussive Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ) and the potential for interchangeability of scores from the two scales. Setting: Three acute inpatient rehabilitation hospitals in the USA. Participants: 497 community dwelling persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who completed the NSI and the RPQ during the same assessment. Inclusion criteria were (a) medical documentation of TBI, (b) age 18 to 64 years, (c) capacity to give informed consent, (d) resides in the community, (e) ability to complete all study measures in English, (f) absence of interfering medical or psychiatric condition. Design: Prospective cohort observational study Main Measures: NSI; RPQ Results: Scores from the NSI and RPQ showed a strong association (Spearman's r = 0.89). Exploratory factor analysis showed that items from the two measures loaded on similar factors. A crosswalk between the two measures was created by equating scores from the scales based on percentile ranks. Conclusion: Results indicate substantial conceptual and empirical overlap between the NSI and RPQ. The percentile crosswalk developed from this dataset may allow combined analysis of post-concussive symptoms from datasets that include either the NSI or the RPQ.
Seed Germination of Seabeach Amaranth (Amaranthus pumilus) as Influenced by Stratification, Temperature, and Light

Abstract Freshly harvested seeds of seabeach amaranth (Amaranthus pumilus Raf.) were stratified (moist-prechilled) for 0, 30, 60, 90, or 120 days. Following stratification, seeds were germinated at...
Synergy of Distinct Dopamine Projection Populations in Behavioral Reinforcement

Dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) regulate reward association and motivation. It remains unclear whether there are distinct dopamine populations to mediate these functions. Using mouse genetics, we isolated two populations of dopamine-producing VTA neurons with divergent projections to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core and shell. Inhibition of VTA-core-projecting neurons disrupted Pavlovian reward learning, and activation of these cells promoted the acquisition of an instrumental response. VTA-shell-projecting neurons did not regulate Pavlovian reward learning and could not facilitate acquisition of an instrumental response, but their activation could drive robust responding in a previously learned instrumental task. Both populations are activated simultaneously by cues, actions, and rewards, and this co-activation is required for robust reinforcement of behavior. Thus, there are functionally distinct dopamine populations in the VTA for promoting motivation and reward association, which operate on the same timescale to optimize behavioral reinforcement.
Before Boas: The Genesis of Ethnography and Ethnology in the German Enlightenment

Han Vermeulen is a Dutch ethnologist and research associate with the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology in Halle (Saale) and the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin....
Randomized near-neighbor graphs, giant components and applications in data science.

If we pick n random points uniformly in [0, 1] d and connect each point to its c d log n-nearest neighbors, where d ≥ 2 is the dimension and c d is a constant depending on the dimension, then it is well known that the graph is connected with high probability. We prove that it suffices to connect every point to c d,1 log log n points chosen randomly among its c d,2 log n-nearest neighbors to ensure a giant component of size n - o(n) with high probability. This construction yields a much sparser random graph with ~ n log log n instead of ~ n log n edges that has comparable connectivity properties. This result has nontrivial implications for problems in data science where an affinity matrix is constructed: instead of connecting each point to its k nearest neighbors, one can often pick k' ≪ k random points out of the k nearest neighbors and only connect to those without sacrificing quality of results. This approach can simplify and accelerate computation; we illustrate this with experimental results in spectral clustering of large-scale datasets.
On a Bernoulli Autoregression Framework for Link Discovery and Prediction.

We present a dynamic prediction framework for binary sequences that is based on a Bernoulli generalization of the auto-regressive process. Our approach lends itself easily to variants of the standard link prediction problem for a sequence of time dependent networks. Focusing on this dynamic network link prediction/recommendation task, we propose a novel problem that exploits additional information via a much larger sequence of auxiliary networks and has important real-world relevance. To allow discovery of links that do not exist in the available data, our model estimation framework introduces a regularization term that presents a trade-off between the conventional link prediction and this discovery task. In contrast to existing work our stochastic gradient based estimation approach is highly efficient and can scale to networks with millions of nodes. We show extensive empirical results on both actual product-usage based time dependent networks and also present results on a Reddit based data set of time dependent sentiment sequences.
Modifying TIMER, a slow-folding DsRed derivative, for optimal use in quickly-dividing bacteria

It is now well appreciated that members of pathogenic bacterial populations exhibit heterogeneity in growth rates and metabolic activity, and it is known this can impact the ability to eliminate all members of the bacterial population during antibiotic treatment. It remains unclear which pathways promote slowed bacterial growth within host tissues, primarily because it has been difficult to identify and isolate slow growing bacteria from host tissues for downstream analyses. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a novel variant of TIMER, a slow-folding fluorescent protein, to identify subsets of slowly dividing bacteria within host tissues. The original TIMER folds too slowly for fluorescence accumulation in quickly replicating bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis), however this TIMER42 variant accumulates signal in late stationary phase cultures of E. coli and Y. pseudotuberculosis. We show TIMER42 signal also accumulates during exposure to sources of nitric oxide (NO), suggesting TIMER42 signal detects growth-arrested bacterial cells. In a mouse model of Y. pseudotuberculosis deep tissue infection, TIMER42 signal is clearly detected, and primarily accumulates in bacteria expressing markers of stationary phase growth. There was not significant overlap between TIMER42 signal and NO-exposed subpopulations of bacteria within host tissues, suggesting NO stress was transient, allowing bacteria to recover from this stress and resume replication. This novel TIMER42 variant represents a new faster folding TIMER that will enable additional studies of slow-growing subpopulations of bacteria, specifically within bacterial species that quickly divide.
Prior Frequent Emergency Department Use as a Predictor of Emergency Department Visits After a New Cancer Diagnosis.

PURPOSE:To determine whether emergency department (ED) visit history prior to cancer diagnosis is associated with ED visit volume after cancer diagnosis.METHODS:This was a retrospective cohort stud...
Racial/Ethnic Inequities in Healthcare-associated Infections Under the Shadow of Structural Racism: Narrative Review and Call to Action

The purpose of this study is to review racial and ethnic inequities in the incidence and prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in the USA, identify gaps in the literature, and recommend future directions to mitigate these inequities. While some existing literature has identified the presence of racial/ethnic inequities in HAI incidence and outcomes, few studies to date have evaluated whether HAI prevention efforts have mitigated these inequities. Factors contributing to inequities in HAI prevention may include unconscious bias of healthcare professionals towards minoritized patients; socioeconomic and structural inequities disparately affecting minoritized communities; the racial segregation of quality healthcare through hospital price discrimination; divergent reimbursement rates between public and private insurers; policies or performance metrics which underfund and financially penalize safety-net hospitals; and insufficient research evaluating and addressing HAI inequities. Expansion of the literature is needed to further interrogate root causes and evaluate the impact of interventions on racial/ethnic inequities in HAI incidence. Measures to mitigate inequities might include teaching healthcare workers how to recognize and mitigate unconscious biases, expanding community resources which address the social and structural determinants of health, increasing access to preventive health services, reforming federal and institutional policies to better support safety-net hospitals and disincentivize price discrimination, and improving diversity and inclusion within the health workforce.
Controllable optical transparency using an acoustic standing-wave device

Abstract In this paper, a suspended-particle device with controllable light transmittance was developed based on acoustic stimuli. Using a glass compartment and carbon particle suspension in an organic solvent, the device responded to acoustic stimulation by alignment of particles. The alignment of light-absorbing carbon particles afforded an increase in light transmittance as high as 84.5% and was controllable based on the control of the frequency and amplitude of the acoustic waves. The device also demonstrated alignment memory rendering it energy-efficient.
A balloon-borne Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter imaging camera for planetary science investigations

A balloon-borne Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter (AOTF) hyperspectral imager is ideally suited to address numerous outstanding questions in planetary science. The spectral agility, narrowband wavelength selection, tolerance to the near-space environment, and spectral coverage afforded by AOTFs would enable investigations not feasible from ground-based facilities. A notional AOTF imager design includes both visible and near-infrared channels to take full advantage of the spectral coverage of an AOTF.We explore an example use case of synoptic observations of clouds on the giant planets using the visible channel of such an instrument. Although technical challenges such as detector cooling would require further performance modeling, an AOTF hyperspectral imager is a logical choice for giant planet imaging investigations from a balloon platform. The ability to rapidly acquire hyperspectral image cubes, thereby obtaining spectra of all locations on the planet that could elucidate atmospheric structure and dynamical processes, offers a unique advantage over traditional imaging techniques.
Architecture of a cyber defense competition

This paper describes the effort involve in executing cyber defense exercise while focusing on the white cell and red forces activities during the 2003 inter-academy cyber defense exercise (CDE). These exercise components were led by the National Security Agency and were comprised of security professionals from Carnegie Mellon University's CERT, the United States Air Force, and the United States Army. This hands-on experience provided the capstone educational experience for information assurance students at the U.S. service academies. The white cell developed the scenarios and anomalies, established the scoring criteria, refereed the exercise, and determined the winner based on the effectiveness of each academy to minimize the impact to their networks from the red forces network intelligence gathering, intrusion, attack and evaluation. To understand better all that is involved, this paper takes advantage of the authors three years of experience in directing the activities associated with the planning and execution of the 2003 exercise.
Technique for transmitter pre-emphasis and receiver equalization in a high-speed backplane environment

In this paper, a new adaptive equalization technique of a multi-Gigabit channel is proposed. This approach calculates the voltages probability density functions of the received signal; and based on the spread of the PDF curves, weights of FIR filters are updated. The algorithm was tested in a Tyco XAUI-FR4 backplane.
Rheology of Rocks

1.1. Strategy and Techniques For a rock of given mineralogy and microstructure, the variables important in determining strength are pressure, temperature, strain, strain history, strain rate, pore fluid pressure, grain size, fugacities of water and other volatiles, and chemical activities of the mineral components. Although earth scientists may now duplicate pressures and temperatures appropriate to the mantle and core in modern high pressure apparatus, they still cannot study mechanical properties under truly natural conditions. Time scales in the Earth are too long, and length scales too large. Since exact deformation conditions cannot be duplicated in the laboratory, the experimenter’s strategy must involve determining the kinetic parameters of the appropriate processes at laboratory conditions and extrapolating to much lower strain rates [58]. Two convenient techniques are available to aid laboratory studies. Temperature and, hence, kinetic rates may be increased, or processes may be studied at smaller length scales [60]. Testing at high temperatures also imposes constraints. For example, maintaining chemical and phase stability and
Book Review: Alcoholism, Drug Addiction, and the Road to Recovery; Life on the Edge

Author: Barry Stimmel, M.D. Reviewer: J. Gary Linn, Ph.D. Publisher: Binghamton, NY: Haworth, 2002 ISBN: 0-7890-0552-2, 414 pages Cost: $39.95
COLORED POTATOES (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.) DRIED FOR ANTIOXIDANT‐RICH VALUE‐ADDED FOODS

Colored potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are a significant source of antioxidants frompolyphenols,carotenoidsandascorbicacid.Inthisstudy,theretentionof total antioxidants in fresh colored potatoes and processed potato flakes prepared as potential ingredients for snack foods was studied. Total antioxidant capacity, total phenolics and total anthocyanins were higher in purple potato flesh compared with those from red, yellow and white potato cultivars. Peeled purple potatoes were blanched and dehydrated by freeze drying (FD), drum drying and refractance window drying to prepare potatoflakes. Resultsshowed no significant losses in total antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content in flakes in all drying methods obtainedunderstudy.However,45,41and23%lossesintotalanthocyaninscontent were observed in potatoflakes after FD,drum drying and refractive window drying, respectively.Colored potatoes could provide an excellent source of antioxidant-rich ingredient for the production of nutritionally enhanced food products.
Implementation of a parallel extended Kalman filter using a bit-serial silicon compiler

Two different architectures to compute the extended Kalman filter have been designed using a bit-serial silicon compiler. For both systems, the Kalman filter is to be used for target tracking, with 9 states, 3 observations, and 3 process noise sources. The first system is a systolic-type architecture. Data matrices are presented by columns and data vectors presented by element, and recursive computations are used to triangularize matrices. The feedback necessary to use recursion limits the throughput of this architecture. For this application, with a 20 MHz clock rate, the throughput is 1736 samples/sec, and the latency (delay from data availability to production of results) is 0.859 msec. This circuit requires about 51 chips of 13 different types.The second system is a pipelined synchronous dataflow architecture. All data values are presented simultaneously, and recursion is not used. Because most of the matrices involved are triangular, block triangular, band, or sparse, the number of elements dealt with is manageable. The throughput of this system is simply the clock rate divided by the word length, or 625000 samples/sec. The circuit requires about 112 chips of 10 different types, and has a latency of 0.842 msec. This system could thus track 526 different targets at 1188 samples/sec each. Thus, by using about twice as many chips and avoiding recursion, the throughput was increased by 360 times.