cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Co-orientation stability by physical tension: A demonstration with experimentally interlocked bivalents.

Using living spermatocyte cultures of the grasshopper Melanoplus differentialis three experiments were successfully carried out in which bivalents were interlocked at metaphase I, using a micromanipulator. Two rod-shaped bivalents, with terminal kinetochores, were each made unipolar to opposite poles and placed together in such a way that each put tension upon the other when pulled by its sets of spindle fibers. The experiments unambiguously demonstrated and supported the importance of physical tension in maintaining metaphase I coorientation stability. In two of these experiments the interlocked structures remained stable for 168 and 100 minutes prior to anaphase I separation. In the third experiment, following 25 minutes stability under tension the two bivalents pulled apart. No longer under tension, each bivalent reoriented within 15–30 min, became bipolar, and congressed.
Mode-shape-based mass detection scheme using mechanically diverse, indirectly coupled microresonator arrays

We explore vibration localization in arrays of microresonators used for ultrasensitive mass detection and describe an algorithm for identifying the location and amount of added mass using measurements of a vibration mode of the system. For a set of sensing elements coupled through a common shuttle mass, the inter-element coupling is shown to be proportional to the ratio of the element masses to the shuttle mass and to vary with the frequency mistuning between any two sensing elements. When any two elements have sufficiently similar frequencies, mass adsorption on one element can result in measurable changes to multiple modes of the system. We describe the effects on system frequencies and mode shapes due to added mass, in terms of mass ratio and frequency spacing. In cases in which modes are not fully localized, frequency-shift-based mass detection methods may give ambiguous results. The mode-shape-based detection algorithm presented uses a single measured mode shape and corresponding natural frequency to identify the location and amount of added mass. Mass detection in the presence of measurement noise is numerically simulated using a ten element sensor array. The accuracy of the detection scheme is shown to depend on the amplitude with which each element vibrates in the chosen mode.
Complications of Adenotonsillectomy

Objective: To review the immediate, short-term, and long-term complications of adenotonsillectomy. Study Design: Review. Methods: Complications of adenotonsillectomy and methods for preventing and treating them were reviewed. Results: The most common complications of adenotonsillectomy, such as bleeding, generally occur in the immediate perioperative period but can develop up to 2 weeks postoperatively. Long-term complications, such as nasopharyngeal stenosis, may appear months to years after surgery. These more unusual sequelae result from scar contracture and maturation. Conclusion: Although rare, complications associated with adenotonsillectomy can be taxing for patients and health care resources. The most common complications, namely, anesthesia risks, pain, otalgia, and bleeding, should be discussed with patients' caregivers.
An Ecological Critique of the Sensory Conflict Theory of Motion Sickness

In this article we present a critique of the sensory conflict theory of motion sickness. We discuss three forms of sensory conflict that are believed to exist: input conflict, output conflict, and expectancy violation. We argue that any concept of sensory conflict necessarily entails the violation of internal expectations and, hence, that the three forms of conflict are logically identical. In the motion sickness literature, it is implicit that the expected pattern is one in which the inputs of the visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems are redundant. We argue that an expectation of redundancy cannot plausibly result from interaction with the environment. We review data indicating that nonredundant patterns of intermodal stimulation lead to adaptive changes in the control of behavior; this implies that the calculation of nauseogenic conflict must be unrelated to the control of behavior. Moreover, we argue that no single pattern of sensory stimulation, redundant or otherwise, can serve as a reliable...
Friction of Rocks

Experimental results in the published literature show that at low normal stress the shear stress required to slide one rock over another varies widely between experiments. This is because at low stress rock friction is strongly dependent on surface roughness. At high normal stress that effect is diminished and the friction is nearly independent of rock type. If the sliding surfaces are separated by gouge composed of Montmorillonite or vermiculite the friction can be very low.
Morphology of bulk SBS block copolymers prepared by wet cryo-ultramicrotomy

When a polystyrene-polybutadiene-polystyrene (SBS) block copolymer undergoes microphase separation, the resulting morphology is dependent on the chemical nature, component ratio, and molecular weights of the constituent molecules. Transmission electron microscopy studies have revealed that the morphology of block copolymers cast in various solvents is determined also by the selectivity of the preparatory solvent. This work compares the morphologies produced by thin-film casting of a toluene-SBS solution on water, with subsequent solvent evaporation, and those produced in bulk, without the use of any solvents. To obtain ultrathin sections of the latter, a new technique using cryo-ultramicrotomy is introduced. The technique utilizes sub-zero temperatures to harden the samples and allow reproducible sectioning; the optimal temperature is accurately predicted as the glass transition temperature for a hypothetical homogeneous blend of the same composition. Difficulties with the trough liquid necessary in wet sectioning are overcome by coating the surface of the glass knives with Teflon. Morphological differences arising from the two preparative methods are identified, and image-enhancing techniques are used to emphasize the interphase region described by various theories.
Recent cosmic-ray test with scintillating fibers and visible photon counters

A fiber tracking system was constructed at UCLA, consisting of four layers of scintillating fiber ribbons coupled to Visible Light Photon Counters (VLPC's), and was tested by measuring Cosmic-Ray tracks. The total length of the fiber array is 7 meters, 4 meters of scintillating fiber and 3 meters of clear optical fiber, 0.83 mm diameter. An average number of 6 photoelectrons were detected by the VLPC's, 7 meters from the Cosmic-ray interaction point at the end of the fibers. The details of the experimental arrangement and the test results are presented.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effect of an office ergonomic randomised controlled trial among workers with neck and upper extremity pain

Background Office computer workers are at increased risk for neck/upper extremity (UE) musculoskeletal pain. Methods A seven-month office ergonomic intervention study evaluated the effect of two engineering controls plus training on neck/UE pain and mechanical exposures in 113 computer workers, including a 3-month follow-up period. Participants were randomised into an intervention group, who received a keyboard/mouse tray (KBT), touch pad (TP) for the non-dominant hand and keyboard shortcuts, and a control group who received keyboard shortcuts. Participants continued to have available a mouse at the dominant hand. Outcomes were pain severity, computer rapid upper limb assessment (RULA), and hand activity level. Prevalence ratios (PRs) evaluated intervention effects using dichotomised pain and exposure scores. Results In the intervention group, the dominnt proximal UE pain PR=0.9, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.2 and the dominant distal UE PR=0.8, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.3, postintervention. The non-dominant proximal UE pain PR=1.0, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.4, while the non-dominant distal UE PR=1.2, 95% CI 0.6 to 2.2, postintervention. Decreases in non-neutral postures were found in two RULA elements (non-dominant UE PR=0.9, 95% CI 0.8 to 0.9 and full non-dominant RULA PR=0.8, 95% CI 0.8 to 0.9) of the intervention group. Hand activity increased on the non-dominant side (PR=1.4, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.6) in this group. Conclusions While the intervention reduced non-neutral postures in the non-dominant UE, it increased hand activity in the distal region of this extremity. To achieve lower hand activity, a KBT and TP used in the non-dominant hand may not be the best devices to use.
A spin-label study of the correlation between stomatocyte formation and membrane fluidization of erythrocytes.

Change in the membrane fluidity of human erythrocytes on transformation to stomatocytes was observed by ESR spectroscopy using 12-doxyl stearic acid or its methyl ester as a probe. When the transformation to stomatocytes was induced by four qualitatively different methods, i.e. (a) addition of cationic amphiphilic agents such as chloropromazine, tetracaine, chloroquine or primaquine, (b) addition of Triton X-100, a non-ionic detergent, (c) lowering the pH, and (d) depleting membrane cholesterol, membrane fluidization was always observed. This indicates the existence of a close correlation between stomatocyte formation and increase in the membrane fluidity. Furthermore, since the stomatocytes fixed by diamide treatment exhibited membrane fluidization only in the presence of the reagent, the enhanced membrane fluidity was a direct consequence of the reagent interacting with, and changing the state of, the lipid bilayer itself, and not through the influence of some structural alteration of spectrin. These results provide experimental support for the theoretical prediction made by Brailsford et al. [J. theoret. Biol. 86, 531 (1980)]. Plausible mechanisms for the discocyte-stomatocyte transformation are discussed.
Multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann model for the axisymmetric convection diffusion equation

Abstract A multiple-relaxation-time (MRT) lattice Boltzmann (LB) model with five discrete velocities in two dimensions (D2Q5) for simulating the axisymmetric convection–diffusion equation (CDE) is proposed. The axisymmetric CDE in the cylindrical coordinate system is rearranged as an ordinary CDE in the Cartesian coordinate system with the extra terms considered as additional sources. The gradient of the macroscopic scalar in the source terms is directly obtained from the non-equilibrium components of the distribution functions; thus no finite-difference calculation is required. The proposed model is consistent with the LB models for the axisymmetric hydrodynamic equations and they can be directly coupled. A series of numerical tests are conducted to validate the applicability and accuracy of the proposed model, including: (i) steady convection–diffusion in an annulus with mass injection on the boundaries, (ii) steady and transient convection–diffusion in a circular pipe, (iii) steady heat conduction inside a sphere, (iv) steady natural convection in an annulus between two coaxial vertical cylinders, and (v) steady swirling flows in a vertical cylindrical container. Analytical solutions are available for tests (i)–(iii), and the numerical results show that the proposed model is second-order accurate in space and first-order accurate in time. The surface-averaged Nusselt numbers for test (iv), the flow pattern and the velocity and temperature distributions for test (v) agree well with published results.
Soft lithography using acryloxy perfluoropolyether composite stamps

This paper describes composite patterning elements that use a commercially available acryloxy perfluoropolyether (a-PFPE) in various soft lithographic techniques, including microcontact printing, nanotransfer printing, phase-shift optical lithography, proximity field nanopatterning, molecular scale soft nanoimprinting, and solvent assisted micromolding. The a-PFPE material, which is similar to a methacryloxy PFPE (PFPE-DMA) reported recently, offers a combination of high modulus (10.5 MPa), low surface energy (18.5 mNm-1), chemical inertness, and resistance to solvent induced swelling that make it useful for producing high fidelity patterns with these soft lithographic methods. The results are comparable to, and in some cases even better than, those obtained with the more widely explored material, high modulus poly(dimethylsiloxane) (h-PDMS).
Novel biotechnology process for the production of (+)-2-aminobutyrate

The production of (+)-2-aminobutyrate was catalyzed by a transaminating enzyme with 2-ketobutyrate and alanine as the reactants. The required enzyme was obtained from a plasmid-bearingE.coli strain.
A Five-Year Study of Juvenile Waiver and Adult Sentences: Implications for Policy:

Despite the widespread transfer of juveniles from juvenile to criminal court in Virginia, there was little empirical knowledge of the exact sen tences juveniles received. This study examines 250 youths in Richmond, Virginia, who were waived into adult court from 1987-1991. Only for serious crimes such as rape or murder does the offender receive a prison time above the mean of five years. Sixteen repeat offenders, over the five-year period, came into the juvenile court and were waived a second time, four were waived three times and two were waived four times. Sixty-five youth (26%) were not guilty or nolo processed. Identification of that particular group of youth was identified by tracking the youth through a case by case, hand by hand method. The paper discusses how this research was put into changes in the policy and practice of dealing with youth. Some of the practices include ISS-KPGB (suspended sen tences based upon keeping the peace and being of good behavior - a con dition similar to probation but ...
Location of DNA methylation genes on the Escherichia coli K-12 genetic map.

The genes responsible for DNA adenine methylation (dam) and DNA cytosine methylation (dcm) have been mapped on the E. coli K-12 genetic map. The dam gene is situated at min 65 and the gene order cysG-(trpS, dam)-aro B inferred. The dcm gene is located at min 37.5 and the gene order is supD-dcm-flaA1. In F′ merodiploids, the dam and dcm alleles are recessive.
The Role of Cytologic Evaluation of Pleural Fluid in the Diagnosis of Malignant Mesothelioma

Study objective Treatment of malignant mesothelioma (MM) at an early stage results in increased survival. Cytologic examination of pleural effusions is one of the first diagnostic techniques attempted in these patients. The objective of this study was to define the role of cytologic examination of pleural fluid in facilitating early diagnosis. Design The medical records and cytologic slides of patients with pleural MM were reviewed. Setting: Medical records were reviewed from two institutions: a large general hospital and a cancer hospital. Patients Twenty-nine patients ranging in age from 32 to 81 years (mean, 59 years) met the study criteria. Interventions All patients had at least one cytologic pleural fluid examination. Measurements and results The median time from initial symptoms to the diagnosis of MM was 8 weeks for all patients. For patients with a positive or suspicious cytologic result, the median was 4 weeks, and in those with a negative cytologic result, it was 12 weeks. The overall sensitivity of cytologic examination for the diagnosis of MM was 32%. Cytogenetic analysis of pleural fluid had a sensitivity of 56%, and was positive in 1 case in which results of cytologic examination were negative. Patients in whom the time from presentation to diagnosis was greater than 1 year all had negative cytologic results followed by long periods without further workup, despite a history of exposure to asbestos. Conclusions A positive or suspicious cytologic result was associated with a decreased median time to diagnosis. Unfortunately, the sensitivity of cytologic examination for a diagnosis of MM was only 32%. Until better diagnostic techniques are developed, we recommend immediate pleural biopsy in patients in whom MM is suspected and cytologic evaluation of pleural fluid gives negative results.
Hypotension is uncommon in patients presenting to the emergency department with non-traumatic cardiac tamponade.

Abstract Background Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening disease in which hypotension is believed to be a common finding. Prior inpatient studies have described normotensive or hypertensive cases of tamponade; however, because the data were not collected from the Emergency Department (ED), the hemodynamic spectrum may differ from those presenting to the ED. Objectives We hypothesized that hypotension is uncommon in patients presenting to the ED with non-traumatic tamponade. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted between January 2002 and December 2007 of patients presenting to our ED who were subsequently diagnosed with cardiac tamponade. Results A total of 34 patients were identified with a diagnosis of tamponade. The mean blood pressure on ED arrival was 131/79 mm Hg. Upon initial presentation to the ED, 35% (n = 12) of patients were hypertensive, 50% (n = 17) were normotensive, and 15% (n = 5) were hypotensive. Of the 5 patients who were hypotensive on ED arrival, only 2 (6% of all patients) remained hypotensive upon admission to the hospital and before a pericardiocentesis. An average of 995 mL of fluid was removed from the pericardium. The chief complaint for the majority of patients in tamponade was shortness of breath (70%); 59% were tachycardic in the ED, and 72% had cardiomegaly on chest X-ray study. Conclusions Hypotension is uncommon in patients presenting to the ED with non-traumatic cardiac tamponade. The majority of patients are normotensive or even hypertensive. Thus, the emergency physician should not exclude the diagnosis of tamponade even in light of normotension or hypertension.
Delivering Interactive Hands‐on Science Methods Instruction to Remote Sites Using Television

ABSTRACT Distance education has been used in many settings for many purposes. This paper describes an innovative semester‐long fully interactive hands‐on science course for elementary teachers. For the course a two‐way audio/two‐way visual signal was broadcast between a studio and three urban elementary schools. This allowed teachers enrolled in the class at any of the three remote sites to see and hear class instructors. Furthermore, participants at each school site could fully communicate with the instructors and teachers at other school sites. The success of the class suggests that distance education can be a great mechanism for providing educational opportunities to individuals in large urban areas. Furthermore, this class also indicates that lab based courses can be delivered with distance education technology.
Toward a unified conception of intercultural communication: An integrated systems approach

Abstract Intercultural Communication theorizing appears to be divided into two schools, one stressing the personal psychological level, the other stressing the interpersonal process level of the communication vehicle itself. Neither is in itself sufficient for future theory building in the field. Towards a unifying systemic approach in intercultural, different theoretical perspectives are briefly reviewed in regard to these schools and a conception entailing intrapersonal (cognitive), interpersonal (interpretive) and systemic (synthetic) categories are derived. This approach clarifies and integrates some present theoretical insights of the field into a more comprehensive whole.
Brainstem auditory evoked responses during the recovery of Wernicke's disease

Serial brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAERs) during the acute and recovery phase of Wernicke's disease were studied in two patients. Both morphologic abnormalities and prolongation of absolute and interpeak latencies of wave I through V were noted during the acute and recovery periods. Normalization was found in one patient and incremental improvements in the other. This study suggests that the BAER may provide documental evidence of auditory tracts involvement in Wernicke's disease. The diagnostic value of the BAER is for establishing the presence of brainstem involvement when features of classical triad of Wernicke's disease are absent. This pathologic process may or may not be reversible with thiamine treatment.
Visual experiment on the Web

This paper describes the design and some preliminary result of a visual study that was conducted over the WWW. The subjects connected to our server over the Internet, and their own computers were controlled with Java software to produce the visual stimuli. By these means we were able to access a large population of subjects at very low cost, and we were able to conduct a large-scale study in a small amount of time. We developed tools and techniques that allowed some degree of calibration of the display and the viewing conditions, so the result obtained from the different subjects could be analyzed. We found that we could get good estimates of gamma values and pixel sizes of the subjects' displays. However, we also encountered some problems that may limit the types of experiments that can be conducted over the WWW with the present technology. We found that we could not consistently control the presentation time of the stimuli due to inconsistencies between implementations of Java on different platforms.
Confirmation of the Biomethylation of Antimony Compounds

We have evidence that an organic and an inorganic salt of antimony were reduced and methylated biologically by microorganisms in laboratory experiments. The organoantimony compound produced was trimethylstibine [(CH3)3Sb] and was detected in a culture headspace. This was confirmed by matching the compound's retention time in capillary gas chromatography, as detected by fluorine-induced chemiluminescence, with a com- mercial standard and by its mass spectrum determined with gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC–MS). (CH3)3Sb was detected in the headspace of soil samples amended with either potassium antimonyltartrate or potassium hexahydroxyantimonate and augmented with any one of three different nitrate-containing growth media. The identity of the microorganisms in soil that accomplished this are as yet unknown. Of 48 soil samples amended with these two compounds, 24 produced trimethylstibine. Bioreduction of trimethyldibromoantimony was also detected in a liquid monoculture of Pseudomonas fluorescens K27 which also produced tri- methylstibine. This headspace production of (CH3)3Sb was determined to be linked to the culture's cell population as measured by optical density. This microbe, however, did not biomethylate either potassium antimonyltartrate or potassium hexahydroxyantimonate in any experiments we performed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Core strategic asset or just a tactical tool: How UK companies view the value of their customer databases

The paper describes a research project commissioned by the Institute of Direct Marketing and undertaken by the University of Strathclyde School of Marketing that investigated the value that organisations place on their customer databases. While the research clearly identified the importance of the customer database as a revenue generator, the results also demonstrate that in many organisations the full potential is not being realised, particularly in developing and supporting corporate strategy. From the detailed findings the research team have developed two frameworks or models which organisations can use firstly to assist them in maximising the value to the overall business of their databases and secondly to assess methods for establishing directly or indirectly the value of the database as a corporate asset. The findings also establish the factors which organisations in the survey felt were inhibiting them from developing the full potential of their databases.
Advanced technologies for language learning: developments at ARI

The Program in Advanced Technologies for Language Learning at ARI seeks to develop and test foreign language tutors through contractual research by computational linguists and in-house research by ARI psychologists. The program arose out of a technology push to integrate NLP with intelligent tutoring systems, coupled with a need in the U.S. Army for interactive systems to train and sustain mission-critical language skills that involve production as well as comprehension of language. The need for improved foreign language proficiency in functional areas, beyond the core language training provided at the Defense Language Institute, is threefold: (a) to maintain job-relevant language skills by intelligence personnel, (b) to promote communication among multinational forces in coalition operations at command and control and lower levels, and (c) to support peacekeeping missions and operations other than war.
Stabilization and purification of tyrosine aminotransferase from rat liver.

Abstract Abbreviations: CM, carboxymethyl; DEAE, diethylaminoethyl; DTT, dithiothreitol; EDTA, Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid; HEPPS, Hydroxyethylpiperazinepropanesulfonic acid; PLP, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate; SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate. Purification of unmodified tyrosine aminotransferase from rat liver requires that the activity of cathepsin T be minimized, and that losses of enzyme due to dilution or oxidation be prevented. The enzyme was stabilized by pyridoxal 5′-phosphate, dithiothreitol, and potassium phosphate, but was destabilized by L-tyrosine or L-glutamate. A rapid, efficient method for purification of this enzyme included the following steps: twenty-fold induction with a high-casein diet plus dexamethasone phosphate administered in the drinking water; a heat step (65°C) followed by precipitation from 0.20 M sucrose at pH 5.0; and small-scale chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, hydroxyapatite and CM-Sephadex C50 at pH 6.0. These steps yielded more than 10 mg of native enzyme from 35 rats, with a...
Plasmonically active nanorods for delivery of bio-active agents and high-sensitivity SERS detection in planta

Multifunctional, plasmonically-active nanorods based on gold cores and silver shells (AuNR/Ag), after exposure to tomato plants, were found to be taken up in rather short times, being detected by SERS in both roots and stems, while exhibiting lack of phytotoxicity in the concentrations used during this study. Additionally, we report that AuNR/Ag have the ability to deliver auxin growth regulator 2,4-D, which resulted in a significant impact on the regulation of tobacco cell culture growth. The unique morphology of these nanorods allowed their sensitive SERS detection, resulting in a technological approach that combines both high-sensitivity detection and delivery of biologically active molecules to plant tissues or cells. Here, we demonstrate that the multiplex combination of plasmonically active agents, laser spectroscopy, and plant biology could represent a new direction in bio-nano-engineering that integrates the use of spectroscopically-active systems for delivery of active compounds and ultra-sensitive detection in plants.
Gamma knife surgery for metastatic brainstem tumors.

Object The authors review imaging and clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic brainstem tumors treated using Gamma Knife surgery (GKS). Methods Between March 1989 and March 2005, 53 patients (24 men and 29 women) with metastatic brainstem lesions underwent GKS. The metastatic deposits were located in the midbrain in eight patients, the pons in 42, and the medulla oblongata in three. Lung cancer was the most common primary malignancy, followed by breast cancer, melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma. The mean volume of the metastatic deposits at the time of treatment was 2.8 cm3 (range 0.05–21 cm3). The prescription doses varied from 9 to 25 Gy (mean 17.6 Gy). Imaging follow-up studies were not completed in 16 patients, because of the short-term survival in 11 and patient refusal in five. Of the remaining 37 patients, who underwent an imaging follow-up evaluation at a mean of 9.8 months (range 1–25 months), the tumors disappeared in seven, shrank in 22, remained unchanged in three, and grew in five. All ...
Computational modeling of radiation-induced segregation in concentrated binary alloys

A sharp-interface model to study radiation-induced segregation in binary alloy has been developed. This model is based on a set of reaction-diffusion equations for the point defect and atomic species concentrations, with a stochastic, spatially-resolved, discrete defect generation terms representing the cascade damage. An important feature of this model, which is significantly different from the way radiation-induced segregation has been studied in the past, is that the role of the boundaries as defect sinks has been ensured by defining defect-boundary interactions via a set of reaction boundary conditions. Defining defect-boundary interactions in this way makes it possible to capture the process of segregation as a consequence of boundary motion. The model is tested in 2D for Cu-Au solid solution with the material surface being free to move. The Gear method has been used to solve the reaction-diffusion equations. Enrichment of Cu and depletion of Au have been observed near to the boundaries.
Dietary intervention studies to reduce risk factors related to cardiovascular diseases and cancer

Abstract This article reviews data obtained from a series of dietary intervention studies conducted in the United States, Finland, and Italy. The objectives were to determine the effects of reducing animal fat consumption while moderately increasing polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), on blood pressure and lipoproteins. Although the diet was modified to improve risk factors related to cardiovascular disease, it is apparent that the dietary intervention would also apply to cancer. The results obtained for men and women, ages 35–65 years, indicate that plasma total cholesterol and low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were reduced; blood pressure was reduced among both normotensives and hypertensives; daily intake of meat and dairy products were not reduced but were much lower in fat; carbohydrates were substituted as fruits, vegetables, and grains, which provided more vitamins and minerals; and salt intake was maintained at a level of 8–12 g per day. From the data obtained for lowering blood pressure, it would appear that the requirement for PUFA is between 5 and 10 en%, which is somewhat higher than the recommended dietary allowances but lower than that recommended by health agencies. The results of these studies give support to current dietary recommendations to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease as well as cancer by dietary intervention.
Chronic use of aspirin versus indomethacin during non-thrombotic myocardial ischemia: effects on survival.

In view of the reported disparity of the effects upon ischemic myocardium of aspirin and indomethacin, both affecting platelet function and prostaglandin metabolism, we utilized a closedchest canine model to study the effects of chronic treatment with these agents upon arrhythmias, during non-thrombotic coronary occlusion. Group A (N = 20) and Group B (N = 20) were pretreated for seven consecutive days with aspirin 600 mg./day and with indomethacin 25 mg./day, respectively. A group of 36 non-treated animals served as controls. Determination of hemodynamics revealed no significant differences in left ventricular function among the various groups, although blood pressure levels were consistently higher in Group B. Precordial ECG mapping showed lower magnitude of myocardial ischemia in the aspirin group. Changes in water and cation composition of the ischemic tissue after four hours of coronary occlusion were also significantly lower in the aspirin group, suggesting that more extensive tissue swelling in the indomethacin group might have contributed by means of more intensive ischemia, to a higher incidence of ventricular fibrillation. Consistently higher blood pressure levels requiring increased mechanical demands on the myocardium would enhance the negative results observed in the indomethacin group. Mortality rate was 5% for the aspirin group versus 40% and 39% for the indomethacin and the non-treated groups, respectively (P < 0.015). The failure to observe significant platelet accumulation by radioactivity counts in either treated or non-treated animals using 51Cr and 111In-labelled platelet, indicated that microcirculatory thrombosis was not a feature in this model. It is not clear to what extent the reported diverse, mostly inhibitory, effects upon the various enzyme systems and lysosomal membrane ascribed to antiinflammatory agents, are applicable more for indomethacin per se or for the therapeutic schedule used in this study in order to explain its different effect upon ischemic myocardium.
Multiple regulators and their interactions in vivo and in vitro with the cbb regulons of Rhodobacter capsulatus.

Abstract The cbbI and cbbII operons encode structural genes which are important for carbon dioxide fixation via the Calvin-Benson-Bassham reductive pentose phosphate pathway in Rhodobacter capsulatus. Each operon is regulated by cognate LysR-type transcriptional activators, CbbRI and CbbRII, with the product of the cbbRI gene, CbbRI, able to control its own transcription under some growth conditions. Furthermore, CbbRI may at least partially regulate the cbbII operon, with significant, yet regulated transcription of the cbbII operon occurring in the absence of any CbbR. These results suggested the importance of additional regulators. Thus, in addition to the rather specific control exerted by CbbR, a more globally significant regulatory system, the RegA-RegB (PrrA-PrrB) two-component system, was found to contribute to transcriptional regulation of each cbb operon. The regA and regB mutant strains were found to contain constitutive levels of form I and form II RubisCO, the major proteins encoded by the cbbI and cbbII operons, respectively. In addition, DNaseI footprint analyses indicated that RegA∗, a constitutively active mutant form of RegA, binds specifically to cbbI and cbbII promoter-operator regions. CbbRI, CbbRII, and RegA binding loci were localized relative to transcription start sites, leading to a coherent picture of how each of these regulators interacts with specific promoter-operator sequences of the cbb operons.
Specification faithfulness in networks with rational nodes

It is useful to prove that an implementation correctly follows a specification. But even with a provably correct implementation, given a choice, would a node choose to follow it? This paper explores how to create distributed system specifications that will be faithfully implemented in networks with rational nodes, so that no node will choose to deviate. Given a strategyproof centralized mechanism, and given a network of nodes modeled as having rational-manipulation faults, we provide a proof technique to establish the incentive-, communication-, and algorithm-compatibility properties that guarantee that participating nodes are faithful to a suggested specification. As a case study, we apply our methods to extend the strategyproof interdomain routing mechanism proposed by Feigenbaum, Papadimitriou, Sami, and Shenker (FPSS) [7], defining a faithful implementation.
Military Capital in the Israeli Hi-tech Industry:

The unique relations between the Israeli-armed forces and the local hi-tech industry have been identified as a strong explanatory variable for the Israeli hi-tech boom. This article highlights the ...
Synthesis of α- and β-glycosides containing spin labels, as probes for studies of carbohydrate-protein interaction

Abstract Nitroxide spin-labeled α- d -glycopyranosides were synthesized in good yield and in a highly stereoselective manner by reaction of per- O -benzyl-α- d -glycopyranosyl bromides with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol under the bromide ion-catalyzed conditions devised by Lemieux et al . After hydrogenolysis, the deblocked intermidiates were oxidized to give the desired, spin-labeled α- d -glycopyranosides. Nitroxide spin-labeled α- d -glycopyranosides, as well as a β-maltoside, were synthesized by standard methods. The synthesis is also described of 2-amino-2-deoxy- d -glucose and - d -galactose derivatives having a spin label at C-2, and of the spin-labeled compound 1-[4-(β- d -galactopyranosyloxy)phenyl]-3-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-yl)-2-thiourea.
A COMPARISON OF EXACT AND APPROXIMATE LINEAR FUNCTION ESTIMATES OF OBLIQUE FACTOR SCORES

.—Exact and approximate procedures for estimating oblique factor scores are described and compared. The amount of error due to the substitution of the approximate procedure is estimated; and the computational problems arising with both methods are briefly discussed.
Linearization of a Transistorized Vertical Deflection System

One of the principal problems involved in the design of a transistorized vertical deflection circuit is obtaining a linear deflection. Non-linearity errors are generated by the transfer characteristics of the driving network, the output transistor, and the output coupling network. The results of these non-linearity errors are cumulative and manifest themselves as deflection distortion.
Post-launch performance evaluation of the OMPS Nadir Mapper and Nadir Profiler

The Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) represents the latest generation of polar-orbiting satellites operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The first in the JPSS series of satellites, the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) spacecraft was launched in November 2011 to bridge the gap between the current Polar Operational Environmental Satellites (POES) and the future JPSS-1. The Ozone Mapping Profiler Suite (OMPS) is a suite of hyperspectral instruments onboard the Suomi NPP spacecraft designed to continue atmospheric ozone records through both atmospheric profiles and global distribution mapping. OMPS will also be included on the future JPSS payloads. In order to properly extend measurements from previous ozone instruments, including the Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SBUV) instrument on POES, proper OMPS calibration is necessary. In this study, the postlaunch performance of the OMPS Nadir Mapper (NM) and Nadir Profiler (NP) are evaluated through their Sensor Data Records (SDRs), which validates their end-to-end calibration. This is achieved through stability monitoring and intercomparison.
Reduced inward rectifying and increased E-4031-sensitive K+ current density in arrhythmogenic subendocardial purkinje myocytes from the infarcted heart.

Outward Currents in Purkinje Cells from 48-Hour Infarcted Heart. Introduction: Subendocardial Purkinje myocytes from the 4K-hour infarcted heart (IZPCs) have reduced resting potentials, possibly due to altered inwardly rectifying K+ currents IKI. Abnormal depolarization-activated outward K+ currents could contribute to long triangularly shaped action potentials of IZPCs. Methods and Results: We used whole cell patch recordings to compare cesium-sensitive IKI and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-resistant, noninactivating sustained IK between normal Purkinje myocytes (NZPCs) and IZPCs. IZPCs showed decreased net membrane currents. Two IZPC groups were distinguished, based on 4-AP-resistant outward K+ currents. IZPC-I had isochronal IKI current-voltage relations similar to NZPCs whereas IZPC-II showed significantly reduced IKI and increased outward plateau currents. To study the sustained IK in the presence of the Class III antiarrhythmic agent E-4031, a two-pulse protocol was used to inactivate transient outward currents, followed by step depolarizations. E-4031-sensitive currents were significantly greater in IZPCs at depolarized potentials (> 0 mV). Similar to NZPCs, IZPC E-4031 currents showed time dependence during depolarization, lack of rectification at positive steps, and voltage-dependent recovery from block. Conclusion: Decreased IKI may account for reduced resting potentials in IZPCs. E-4031-sensitive currents in NZPCs, unlike those in canine ventricular myocytes, are sensitive to 4-AP and are larger in IZPCs.
Analysis of Clustering and Interphase Region Effects on the Electrical Conductivity of Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Nanocomposites via Computational Micromechanics

In the present work, computational micromechanics techniques are applied towards predicting the effective electrical conductivities of polymer nanocomposites containing aligned bundles of SWCNTs at wide range of volume fractions. Periodic arrangements of well-dispersed and clustered/bundled SWCNTs are studied using the commercially available finite element software COMSOL Multiphysics 3.4. The volume averaged electric field and electric flux obtained are used to calculate the effective electrical conductivity of nanocomposites in both cases, therefore indicating the influence of clustering on the effective electrical conductivity. In addition, the influence of the presence of an interphase region on the effective electrical conductivity is considered in a parametric study in terms of both interphase thickness and conductivity for both the well dispersed case and for the clustered arrangements. Comparing the well-dispersed case with an interphase layer to the same arrangement without the interphase layer allows for the assessment of the influence of the interphase layer on the effective electrical conductivities, while similar comparisons for the clustered arrangements yield information about the combined effects of clustering and interphase regions. Initial results indicate that there is very little influence of the interphase layer on the effective conductivity prior to what is identified as the interphase percolation concentration, and that there is an appreciable combined effect of clustering in the presence of interphase regions which leads to increases in conductivity larger than the sum of the two effects independently.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Implantation of functional erythropoietic elements following total-body irradiation.

SummaryRats have been irradiated with doses of X-rays in the LD50 range and subsequently injected with homologous bone marrow carrying an immunogenetic marker. Erythrocytes carrying the label can be detected in the peripheral circulation of these animals within 2 to 3 weeks after administration of the marrow; unirradiated but marrow-injected controls do not show erythrocytes from the implant. Marrow implants have persisted and functioned for as long as 147 days at the time of this communication. The implanted marrow contributes as much as 80% of the peripheral erythrocytes.
The myth of "one drink"

Summary Two studies are reported. An interview investigation explored the familiarity with and connotations of the expression, “First Drink, Then Drunk,” for 30 alcoholics; and, by reviewing the data of 214 alcoholics who had become intoxicated to some degree as a result of experimental procedures, a test of the validity of the expression was conducted. It is concluded that a literal interpretation of the expression is invalid. If there is any validity to the statement, it is directly a function of motivational states. The effects of these findings are discussed in terms of treatment implications.
Remote computing--an experimental system: part 2: internal design

This is the second of two papers dealing with the experimental remote-computing system. Part 1 described the system as viewed by a user who is unaware that he is jointly sharing the central computer with numerous other users. This paper (Part 2) describes the internal design of the system, with attention focused on those features which are of general interest and applicable to the design of other programming systems.
The semantic structure in deaf children.

Abstract The investigation proposed to qualify the semantic structure of the language of 33 deaf children utilizing the semantic differential procedure. The ratings of the deaf children were analyzed using factor analysis. The results revealed that the semantic system of the deaf children contained the Evaluation and Potency dimensions evident in the semantic systems of normal hearing children as reported by Di Vesta (1966). Several other factors reliably demonstrated by others to be included in the meaning systems of normal hearing children, however, were not evident in the meaning systems of these deaf children.
Investigation of Self-Assembled Monolayer Resists for Hafnium Dioxide Atomic Layer Deposition

In this paper, a series of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) has been investigated as deactivating agents for the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of HfO2. Three important factors that determine the capacity of self-assembled monolayers to prevent ALD of HfO2, chain length, tailgroup structure, and reactive headgroup, have been investigated. We show that to achieve satisfactory deactivation toward atomic layer deposition, it is crucial to form densely packed, highly hydrophobic monolayers. This in turn requires deactivating agents with high reactivity and nonbulky tailgroups comprised of a minimum chain length. A mechanism for the blocking process is proposed in which the role of the SAMs is both to remove reactive Si−OH/Si−O−Si groups at the SiO2 surface and to prevent ALD precursors from reaching the SiO2−SAMs interface.
Low-Reynolds-number modelling of flows over a backward-facing step

The complex turbulent flow behind a backward-facing step is modelled using a full Reynolds stress closure. In order to develop a closure model that can resolve the complex near-wall flow in the recirculation region and in the recovery region downstream of the reattachment point, the performance of a low and a high Reynolds number version of the full Reynolds stress closure is examined and compared. Furthermore, the effects of redistribution modelling on the calculated flow is studied by comparing the performance of three redistribution models: one return-to-isotropy model and two with mean-strain effects. The results are grid independent and show that the flow downstream of the step is best described by a low-Reynolds-number model that does not depend on the conventional wall function assumption. However, the skin friction behavior is correctly predicted by the stipulation of a wall function. Of the three redistribution models examined, the return-to-isotropy model gives results that are in excellent agreement with measurements. Finally, the calculated results are adversely affected by refining the redistribution models to include meanstrain effects.