cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The carbon number-polarity grid: A means to manage the complexity of the mix of organic compounds when modeling atmospheric organic particulate matter

Abstract Current regional models for predicting atmospheric organic particulate matter (OPM) levels rely heavily on the computationally simple, lumped “two-product” (2p) approach for parameterizing the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). At the other extreme, molecular kinetic models of SOA formation are available that use numerous complex reaction pathways to produce large numbers of potentially condensable organic oxidation products, but the complexities of those models currently limit implementation in large-scale air quality models. This study proposes use of a carbon number (nC) vs. polarity grid (with concentration bins) for tracking the various OPM-relevant compounds and their time-dependent concentrations T i (μg m−3). The grid can be used when adding complexity to the 2p approach, or for managing and limiting the complexity of molecular kinetic models. For the former, an expanded n p + m P approach is proposed with n products and m possible types of very low volatility polymer ( P ) materials. For the latter, the grid limits system complexity by allowing compounds with similar structures to be lumped together in the same grid bin even when they are formed by different routes. With either an n p + m P approach or a molecular kinetic approach, the nC vs. polarity grid will allow consideration of the effects of variation in the activity coefficients ζi of the partitioning compounds, variation in the mean molecular weight of the absorbing OPM phase, water uptake, and the possibility of phase separation in the OPM phase.
Physical security and data projectors

Technology is expensive, especially when we talk about data projectors, which can cost anywhere from $400 to upwards of $4000.In this paper, we will outline some of the security measures Pima Community College has taken to reduce the theft of these high visibility assets.
Orientation-dependence of Fatigue-accelerated Creep in Aluminium Single Crystals

THE character of some of the creep-fatigue interactions in metals can be extremely complex, as reviews of the subject reveal1,2. The fact that creep rates of relatively pure metals, such as lead3, copper4 and zinc5, are significantly accelerated by a superimposed fatigue stress is nevertheless well established. A sound explanation for the effect, and its associated features, is not easily advanced without more fundamental information, particularly in respect of the behaviour of single crystals. While some effects in single crystals have been examined (fatigue-activated recovery6, for example), no examination of fatigue-activated creep in single crystals appears to have been published so far. The purpose of this communication is to report some initial results derived from experiments on aluminium single crystals in which particular emphasis has been given to the orientation-dependence of fatigue-accelerated creep.
VARICELLA ZOSTER (VZ) ANTIBODY TITERS IN NEWBORNS

VZ antibody was measured from serum specimens of 27 newborns inadvertently exposed to a pediatric resident with active chicken pox. Ten infants had a gestational age of less than 28 weeks. Nine of these 10 infants had a protective antibody titer of ⩾1:8. All seventeen infants of > 28 weeks gestation had antibody titers greater than 1:8. Most of the infants of gestational age less than 28 weeks, including the infant with a titer of less than 1:4, had received blood transfusions prior to sampling. All sick infants or those ⩽ 28 weeks gestation received ZIG. None of the babies subsequent to exposure developed varicella. These results suggest that the current recommendations for the use of ZIG for exposed infants less than 28 weeks gestation require further study.
A Study of the Authorship of the Books of Oz Using Nested Linear Models

Abstract The variability of a writer's style has been studied in a number of ways by researchers interested in authorship attribution. However, to date, the analysis of variance has not emerged as a technique for distinguishing between writers. This article first employs nested linear models to find lexical variables which discriminate the two authors of the books of Oz. In the second-stage nested model, the chosen variables are used to ascribe the correct author of books treated as anonymous. Having been found to have sharp discriminating capability, the method is then applied to identify the author of the 15th book. The result supports prevailing consensus on the book's authorship.
Isolated perfusion of the kidney with tumor necrosis factor for localized renal-cell carcinoma

Patients with localized renal-cell carcinoma who are candidates for renal parenchymal sparing surgery are being treated with isolated renal perfusion with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Isolated organ perfusion is a surgical technique that allows a cancer-bearing organ or region of the body to be treated with high doses of chemotherapy or biologic, agents that would not be tolerated systemically. In patients with in-transit melanoma or unresectable sarcoma, treatment with hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion using TNF, interferon-γ, and melphalan has resulted in response rates exceeding 90%. Because preclinical studies suggest that TNF may induce regression of tumors by causing hemorrhagic necrosis mediated by effects on tumor-related vascular endothelium, a vascular tumor such as renal-cell carcinoma could potentially be very responsive. A phase I study of escalating TNF doses delivered via isolated renal perfusion is currently being conducted.
Energetics of side chain packing in staphylococcal nuclease assessed by systematic double mutant cycles.

All 44 possible double mutant permutations of isoleucine, leucine, and valine were constructed in 11 pairings of six sites in the core of staphylococcal nuclease. The stabilities of these mutants were determined by guanidine hydrochloride denaturation. Comparison of the stabilities of all double mutants with those expected from addition of the corresponding single mutants showed that the effects of the two single mutations are energetically independent of each other in 30 of the double mutants. However, a substantial minority, 14, of the double mutants have stability effects that are not additive. In these cases, it appears that direct van der Waals contacts between the two side chains are present. The requirement of direct van der Waals contact for the interdependence of mutational stability effects is somewhat surprising in light of results previously reported by others. In addition, it was found that double mutants that did not alter or lower the overall number of atoms in the core and that showed nona...
Clinical application of optical coherence tomography in combination with functional diagnostics: advantages and limitations for diagnosis and assessment of therapy outcome in central serous chorioretinopathy.

PURPOSE While identifying functional and structural parameters of the retina in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) patients, this study investigated how an optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based diagnosis can be significantly supplemented with functional diagnostic tools and to what degree the determination of disease severity and therapy outcome can benefit from diagnostics complementary to OCT. METHODS CSCR patients were evaluated prospectively with microperimetry (MP) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to determine retinal sensitivity function and retinal thickness as outcome measures along with measures of visual acuity (VA). Patients received clinical care that involved focal laser photocoagulation or pharmacotherapy targeting inflammation and neovascularization. RESULTS Correlation of clinical parameters with a focus on functional parameters, VA, and mean retinal sensitivity, as well as on the structural parameter mean retinal thickness, showed that functional measures were similar in diagnostic power. A moderate correlation was found between OCT data and the standard functional assessment of VA; however, a strong correlation between OCT and MP data showed that diagnostic measures cannot always be used interchangeably, but that complementary use is of higher clinical value. CONCLUSION The study indicates that integrating SD-OCT with MP provides a more complete diagnosis with high clinical relevance for complex, difficult to quantify diseases such as CSCR.
Gas-Phase Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange in a Traveling Wave Ion Guide for the Examination of Protein Conformations

Accumulating evidence suggests that solution-phase conformations of small globular proteins and large molecular protein assemblies can be preserved for milliseconds after electrospray ionization. Thus, the study of proteins in the gas phase on this time scale is highly desirable. Here we demonstrate that a traveling wave ion guide (TWIG) of a Synapt mass spectrometer offers a highly suitable environment for rapid and efficient gas-phase hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX). Gaseous ND3 was introduced into either the source TWIG or the TWIG located just after the ion mobility cell, such that ions underwent HDX as they passed through the ND3 on the way to the time-of-flight analyzer. The extent of deuterium labeling could be controlled by varying the quantity of ND3 or the speed of the traveling wave. The gas-phase HDX of model peptides corresponded to labeling of primarily fast exchanging sites due to the short labeling times (ranging from 0.1 to 10 ms). In addition to peptides, gas-phase HDX of ubiquitin, cy...
The impact of information technology and online library resources on research, teaching and library use at the University Of Washington

Survey results and focus group discussions at the University of Washington suggest that the impact of information technology is pervasive, evolving rapidly, and indicative of major changes in the way research and teaching will be done.
Attachment Styles, Self-Esteem, and Patterns of Seeking Feedback from Romantic Partners

Previous research indicates that persons with secure or dismissing attachment styles differ dramatically in their tolerance of and appreciation for intimacy; despite these differences, both types of individuals display high self-esteem. The two groups' interpersonal orientations suggest that their sources of self-esteem may differ. Secure individuals should derive self-esteem from warm associations with others, whereas dismissing individuals, lacking such associations, may learn to compensate by deriving self-esteem from alternative sources. To test these ideas, the authors related attachment styles to two distinct components of self-esteem-self-liking and self-competence. Overall, security was associated with self-liking, whereas dismissing avoidance was associated with self-competence. The former results were qualified somewhat by gender: Although females' security was associated solely with self-liking, males' security was associated with both self-liking and self-competence. Discussion focuses on the ...
Effects of a novel antitumor depsipeptide, FR901228, on human breast cancer cells.

Human breast cancer MCF7 and MDA-MB231 cells were used to investigate the biological and molecular activities of a novel naturally occurring agent, FR901228 (FR), that possesses a potent antitumor activity against human and murine tumor cells. Investigation of the cytotoxicity of FR and induction of internucleosomal DNA degradation in FR-treated cultures revealed that FR induced apoptotic-like cell death of MCF7 and MDA-MB231 cells. In FR-treated apoptotic cultures, flow cytometry revealed that there was a significant decrease of cells in S phase of the cell cycle. In FR-treated cells there was an increased expression of p21Cip1 and phosphorylation of Bcl-2 as determined by Western immunoblotting, and a novel cytoplasmic kinase of 33 kDa, p33 kinase, as determined by the in-gel kinase assay using myelin basic protein (MBP) as a substrate. Increased expression of p21Cip1, phosphorylation of Bcl-2, and activation of p33 MBP kinase may play part of the key mechanism for FR-induced apoptosis.
A general method of treating correlated fluctuations in equilibrium and steady-state systems

Abstract The problem of cooperative processes is considered, particularly those processes in which the occurrence of one event increases the likelihood of the occurrence of a subsequent, similar event. With the aid of the off-diagonal elements of the statistical operator, a general expression for the number of correlated fluctuations per unit time is derived which is applicable to cooperative processes. A number of diverse examples are treated for equilibrium and steady-state systems, and it is shown that one can reproduce and amplify known results, as well as make several new predictions. Application of the general expression for the number of correlated fluctuations per unit time to correlated photon emission, photon bunching, photon fluctuations in a laser, and the behavior of the laser as it moves from below threshold into a lasing condition yields results which agree with experiment, in several cases better than previous theory, Experimental evidence seems to support the prediction that in a simple magnet the number of correlated fluctuations per unit time vanishes at the Curie temperature, and agrees well with predictions on the Barkhausen effect of magnetic noise.
Diffusion of Hospital Innovations in Different Institutional Settings

This paper purports to analyze a hospital's adoption of both product and process innovation as a quanta! choice. The impacts of this decision on physicians, while depending on institutions that differ between the US and continental Europe, are shown to feed back to the hospital, influencing the profitability of the innovation. Recent changes of hospital finance give rise to testable comparative predictions in both institutional settings
Variability of evoke auditory potentials and acoustic input control

Abstract 1. 1. Samples of auditory EPs were recorded under two conditions of stimulus delivery: overhead speaker and earphones. For each condition the cat's position in the cage differed between samples but was constant within samples. 2. 2. Variation of EP amplitude and waveform between-samples is markedly reduced with earphones as compared to overhead speaker. 3. 3. A gradient of acoustic influence on EPs was observed with the largest influence at CN and the least at cortex. 4. 4. The non-acoustic variability of EP amplitude (earphone condition) showed no relationships to level of the auditory system in absolute value, but, proportional to mean amplitude, variability at AC is greater than at CN or IC.
Deep water renewal in Saanich Inlet, an intermittently anoxic basin

Abstract The seasonal renewal of deep water in Saanich Inlet was investigated. Origin and temperature-salinity characteristics of the deep water and of the water that renews the deep water were identified. Renewals equivalent to 64 and 33% of the deep-water volume, calculated from nitrate budgets, occurred in 1962 and in 1969. The time for 37% renewal of the deep water was estimated to be about 12 days. A bolus-type flushing mechanism is postulated.
One-step multi-material preform extrusion for robust chalcogenide glass optical fibers and tapers

We demonstrate a novel process of one-step extrusion of multi-material fiber preforms containing chalcogenide glasses and polymers. The polymer lends mechanical robustness to the drawn chalcogenide infrared fibers and tapers.
Interaction between an Airfoil and a Streamwise Vortex

Abstract : The tip of a finite-span airfoil was used to generate a streamwise vortical flow, the strength of which could be varied by changing the incidence of the airfoil. The vortex that was generated traveled downstream and interacted with a second airfoil on which measurements of lift, drag, and pitching moment were made. The flow field, including the vortex core, was visualized in order to study the structural alterations to the vortex resulting form various levels of encounter with the downstream airfoil. These observations were also used to evaluate the accuracy of a theoretical model. (Author)
Application of a conventional fishery model for assessment of entrainment and impingement impact

Synopsis A conventional stock assessment model is applied to determine the impact of entrainment and impingement at the Monroe Power Plant on the yellow perch stock of the Western basin of Lake Erie. Parameters of the model are estimated using power plant data, biological data available in the literature, and commercial catch data. The model is applied to estimate the age structure and biomass of the perch stock and to estimate the impact of the power plant on abundance of the impingeable stock and abundance and biomass of the exploited stock. The level of impact was examined under a range of mortality conditions. Under the most extreme conditions examined of full pumping, high fishing mortality, and low natural mortality, the fishable biomass is reduced by 1.7%. This impact is not large, but there are several other power plants and many additional water intakes around the Western basin of Lake Erie.
SU‐FF‐T‐39: Investigating Thermal Properties of a Thermobrachytherapy Radioactive Seed for Concurrent Brachytherapy and Hyperthermia Treatments: Design Considerations

Purpose: Hyperthermia has been demonstrated to be one of the most effective radiation sensitizers. It offers significant improvement in both tumorcontrol and survival rate after radiation therapy without considerable increase in side effects. Previous studies show that the time interval between administrations of both modalities has to be rather short, preferably, within an hour. We propose a new Thermobrachytherapy radioactive seed model, serving as a heat source for concurrent administration of brachytherapy and hyperthermia. Method and Materials: A new combination seed is based on the BEST Model 2301‐ I 125 , where tungsten marker core is replaced with a ferromagnetic material, capable of producing heat when subjected to external alternating electro‐magnetic field. Such a replacement does not noticeably change the dose rate distribution, and has only minor effect on the radiographic properties of the seed. A finite‐element partial differential equation solver package “COMSOL Multiphysics” was used to evaluate thermal distribution of the heat induced in the ferromagnetic core. Results: The induction heat source has relatively low efficiency due to losses associated with a considerable distance between the ferromagnetic core and induction coil. However, the temperature distribution is tunable based on the number of seeds used during the treatment, their locations, coil diameter, and the frequency of the electro‐magnetic field. A model with a solid radiographic marker is preferable for the proposed application since it offers the highest heat output. We found that the implementation of the proposed seed will require only small changes in the internal structure of a standard commercial model, and will not affect significantly the dose rate and other TG43 factors characterizing radiation distribution. Conclusion: We will present the radiation and thermal properties of the new seed model which has high potential for implementation of concurrent brachytherapy and hyperthermia.
The effects of antibiotic ointments and antiseptics on the skin flora beneath subclavian catheter dressings during intravenous hyperalimentation.

Abstract There is no established principle for choosing topical antimicrobial agents during TPN. The present study examined the relation between the topical antibiotic ointment applied and the skin flora isolated from the skin beneath the subclavian dressing. Neosporin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic ointment without fungicidal properties, did not predispose to overgrowth of Candida. Hence, the use of this ointment is not related to TPN fungemia. Betadine, a fungicidal ointment with limited abilities to kill gram-positive organisms, did not permit overgrowth of commensurate skin bacteria. A specially compounded mixture of Neosporin-Mycostatin, designed to compensate for the deficiencies of Neosporin and Betadine, respectively, failed to suppress completely the growth of skin flora. The majority of positive cultures were isolated from patients whose skin was cleansed with saline rather than 10% PVP, suggesting that antiseptic skin preparation is more important than the antibiotic ointment applied thereafter. No treatment completely eradicated skin organisms. This raises the possibility that daily subclavian dressing changes might reduce the incidence of TPN-related septicemia. Such a proposal must be weighed against the time and expense factors involved.
Identification of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide motifs that stimulate nitric oxide and cytokine production in avian macrophage and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Abstract Unmethylated CpG dinucleotides within specific flanking bases (referred to as CpG motif) are relatively abundant in bacterial DNA and are known to stimulate innate immune responses. In this study, synthetic CpG containing oligodeoxydinucleotides (CpG-ODNs) were evaluated for their ability to stimulate nitric oxide (NO), interleukin−1β (IL-1β), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production using an avian macrophage cell line (HD11) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Results showed ODNs containing the CpG motif can activate the HD11cells and induce NO production. The optimal CpG-ODN motif for NO induction was GTCGTT. Increasing GTCGTT motifs in CpG-ODN significantly enhanced the stimulatory effect. Deviation of flanking bases of the CpG dinucleotide diminished the stimulatory activity. We also found CpG-ODN differentially stimulated expression of cytokine genes. The most active CpG motif for NO induction was also a strong stimulant for the IL-1β gene expression in the HD11 cells, whereas different CpG motifs were found to induce IFN-γ gene expression in PBMC.
Matrix-shimmed ion cyclotron resonance ion trap simultaneously optimized for excitation, detection, quadrupolar axialization, and trapping

A different symmetry is required to optimize each of the three most common Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) electric potentials in a Penning (ICR) ion trap: one-dimensional dipolar ac for excitation (or detection), two-dimensional azimuthal quadrupolar ac excitation for ion axialization, and three-dimensional axial quadrupolar dc potential for ion axial confinement (trapping). Since no single trap shape simultaneously optimizes all three potentials, many trap configurations have been proposed to optimize the tradeoffs between the three requirements for a particular experiment. A more general approach is to divide each electrode into small segments and then apply the appropriate potential to each segment. Here, we extend segmentation to its logical extreme, by constructing a “matrix-shimmed” trap consisting of a cubic trap, with each side divided into a 5 × 5 grid of electrodes for a total of 150 electrodes. Theoretically, only 48 independent voltages need be applied to these 150 electrodes to generate all three desired electric potential fields simultaneously. In practice, it is more convenient to employ 63 independent voltages due to construction constraints. Resistive networks generate the potentials required for optimal quadrupolar trapping and quadrupolar excitation. To avoid resistive loss of excitation amplitude and detected signal, dipolar excitation/detection voltages are generated with a capacitive network. Theoretical Simion 6. 0 simulations confirm the achievement of near-ideal potentials of all three types simultaneously. From a proof-of-principle working model, several experimental benefits are demonstrated, and proposed future improvements are discussed.
Role of trospium chloride in brachytherapy-related detrusor overactivity.

Objectives After prostate brachytherapy, pronounced urinary irritative symptomatology occurs in a substantial minority of patients. In this study, we evaluated the impact of trospium chloride in prostate brachytherapy patients with symptoms consistent with an overactive bladder (OAB). Methods From January 1999 through December 2005, 69 permanent prostate brachytherapy patients were identified who received trospium as first-line treatment for OAB. The median interval from implant to initiation of trospium was 23.4 months. Before trospium, we obtained a postvoid residual urine assessment (PVR) and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) for all patients. IPSS resolution was defined as a return to within 2 points of the pre-brachytherapy value and individual IPSS question resolution was defined by a decrease of at least 1 point. Results The mean patient age was 66.0 years, with a pre-brachytherapy prostate volume of 31.0 cm 3 and a mean preimplant IPSS of 6.5. At trospium initiation, the mean IPSS was 9.6 with a mean PVR of 12.3 mL. IPSS normalization was documented in 55 (79.7%) patients. Twelve months after trospium initiation, the IPSS had decreased by a mean of 4.3 points with the improvement most pronounced for urgency. After trospium, no clinically significant differences were noted in the mean PVR. Twenty-two patients discontinued trospium as a result of the absence of a clinical response or pharmacologic side effects, or after complete resolution of symptoms. Conclusions Nearly 80% of patients with brachytherapy-related detrusor overactivity responded favorably to trospium with improvements in IPSS (especially urgency). This was accomplished with an acceptable morbidity profile.
Building an organization-specific infrastructure to support CASE tools

CASE tools are notorious for forcing organizations to adapt to a standard development methodology. The underlying assumption is that a universally applicable development method exists and it is up to the organization to conform to that method. But software development is no longer a homogeneous field. As computers are applied to an increasingly diverse set of applications, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the different demands these domains place on the development process. Our solution to this dilemma is to create an organization-wide development infrastructure based on accumulated experiences within application and technical domains. The domain lifecycle formalizes a process for accumulating project experiences and creating domain knowledge than can be used to increase product quality and improve development productivity. Supporting the domain lifecycle eases development of software that has been developed previously in the organization, freeing designers to concentrate on less well-known elements of an application.
DYNAMICS OF ADIABATIC SHEAR

The formation of adiabatic shear bands is examined with an approximate analytic model. The shear band is viewed as a propagating feature with a well-defined front. The shear band is further partition into a shear-band process zone within which most of the adiabatic heating and shear stress relaxation occurs, followed by a quasisteady zone within which little dissipation occurs. Although a one-dimensional analysis of the shear-band dynamics is initially pursued, the analysis is then used to calculate properties of the inherently two-dimensional shearband process zone. The length and width of the process zone is calculated along with the shear displacement. The model is further used to calculate the energy dissipation within the shear-band process zone. The flow field within the vicinity of the process zone is also examined. Calculated properties of the shear-band process zone are compared with available experimental data.
Why do mafic arc magmas contain ∼4wt% water on average?

Abstract The last 15 yr have seen an explosion of data on the volatile contents of magmas parental to arc volcanoes. This has occurred due to the intense study of melt inclusions trapped in volcanic phenocrysts, aliquots of magma that have presumably escaped degassing during eruption. The surprising first-order result is the narrow range in H2O concentrations in the least degassed melt inclusions from each volcano. Nearly all arc volcanoes are sourced with mafic magmas that contain 2–6 wt% H2O. The average for each arc varies even less, from 3.2 (for the Cascades) to 4.5 (for the Marianas), with a global average of 3.9±0.4 wt% H2O. Significant variations occur from volcano to volcano within each arc, but the means are indistinguishable within one s.d. The narrow range and common average value for H2O are in stark contrast to the concentrations of most other subduction tracers, such as Nb or Ba, which vary by orders of magnitude. A modulating process, either in the crust or mantle, is likely responsible for the restricted range in the H2O contents of arc melt inclusions. One possibility is that melt inclusion H2O values reflect vapor saturation at the last storage depth in the crust prior to eruption. In this scenario, magmas rise from the mantle with variable H2O contents (>4 wt%), become vapor-saturated and start degassing, and continue to degas up until the depth at which they stall. If the stalling depths are ∼6 km, which is common for storage depths beneath volcanoes, magmas would be saturated at ∼4 wt% H2O, and melt inclusions, most of which become closed during further ascent, would thus record ≤4 wt% H2O. Another possibility is that the mantle melting process modulates water content in the melt such that magmas rise out of the mantle with ∼4 wt% H2O. A strong relationship between the water content of the source, H2O(o) and the degree of melting (F) maintains nearly constant water contents in the melt for a restricted range in mantle temperature. Magmas with 3–4 wt% H2O can be generated at ∼50° below the dry solidus for a wide range in F and H2O(o). The narrow range in wedge temperatures may be another manifestation of a planet with average upper mantle of 1400 °C potential temperature. The characteristic mean and range of H2O contents of arc magmas has implications for both the volatile fuel for explosive eruptions and the mass balance of H2O recycled through subduction zones.
Apparent differences in kinetic properties among isozymes in Eisenia foetida (Oligochaeta: lumbricidae)

Abstract 1. 1. The activities of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD1, GPD2), hexokinase (HK1, HK2), lactate dehydrogenases (LDH1, LDH2), phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) were measured from crude homogenates of the earthworm Eisenia foetida ; five of these isozymes (GPD2, HK2, LDH1, PGM, MDH) are encoded by loci known to contribute to a positive heterozygosity-growth relationship. 2. 2. Both GPD and HK showed bimodal activity patterns over five orders of magnitude of substrate concentration, consistent with the existence of two electrophoretic isozymes differing in apparent K m ; in both cases, the isozyme with the lower apparent K m for substrate was the electrophoretically slower isozyme. 3. 3. LDH occurred as two electrophoretic isozymes but, unlike GPD and HK, LDH did not show a bimodal activity pattern; LDH1 principally catalyzed the oxidation of lactate and LDH2 catalyzed only the reduction of pyruvate. 4. 4. Both PGM and MDH occurred as single isozymes and had the highest activities among enzymes examined. 5. 5. Isozymes encoded by participating loci did not share any exclusive biochemical properties, although functional differences between isozymes with the potential to affect metabolism may exist.
Photodichroics As Active Devices For Optical Correlation

The diffraction limited resolution of photodichroic materials when used for holographic recording make them desirable candidates as spatial light modulators (SLM) in the frequency plane of the Joint Fourier Transform (JFT) correlator. Since the photodichroics generally have photosensitivities which are highly wavelength dependent, KF:LiF is a particularly good choice because its write and read sensitivities coincide with the strong 514nm and 488nm lines of the argon laser. Experimental results are reported on the use of KF:LiF as a SLM in a JFT correlator. Sections of a linear maximal length pseudo-random sequence with time-bandwidth products of up to 2.56 x 106 are successfully cross correlated.
Omega-hydroxylation of prostaglandin E1 in the isolated perfused lungs of pregnant rabbits

Abstract Cytochrome P450PGω is induced in the rabbit lung in a gestational age-dependent manner and hydroxylates certain eicosanoids at their terminal, or omega (ω), carbon. This enzyme has beenisolated from microsomal fractions and its activity has been characterized (Williams, D.E., et al ., J. Biol. Chem. 259 ; 14600–14608, 1984). The experiments presented here examine the ω-hydroxylation activity of the intact lung during presentation of an eicosanoid substrate, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), to the lung vasculature. Isolated, perfused lungs from three pregnant and four nonpregnatn rabbits were injected with [3H]-PGE1. One-second fractions were collected from the perfusion effluent and were analyzed for metabolism of PGE1. Lungs isolated from pregnant rabbits metabolized PGE1 mainly to two polar derivatives, 20-hydroxy-PGE1 and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-20-hydroxy-PGE1, whereas lungs from nonpregnant rabbits yielded mainly a relatively nonpolar metabolite, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE1. These metabolites were identified by coelution with standards that were generated enzymatically in vitro and whose structures were confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).
Modeling daily variation of trihalomethane compounds in drinking water system, Houston, Texas

Abstract Total trihalomethanes (TTHM) concentrations vary widely and periodically between 70 and 130 ppb. Data from the National Environmental Services Laboratory, Houston, Texas indicate that pH and free residual chlorine contribute minimally to the wide variability of TTHM levels. Temperature variation in drinking fluctuates from 11 to 27 °C. The objective of this research is to formulate a model that delineates more clearly the daily variations of the most prevalent volatile trihalomethane by-products: chloroform (CHCl 3 ), bromodichloromethane (CHBr 2 Cl), and bromoform (CHBr 3 ) levels from drinking water. This model simulates the daily fluctuation of THM at a single location and at any time during the day as a function of the water temperature and the average concentration of TTHM, which can be estimated. The hypothesis of this study is that observed daily fluctuations of TTHM, CHCl 3 , CHCl 2 Br, CHClBr 2 , and CHBr 3 are periodic. This hypothesis is tested using autocorrelation functions and it is shown that for the series of pH the correlation coefficient is maximal at zero lags, rapidly decreases to zero, and increases again between 4- and 6-h period. Such pattern suggests random fluctuation unrelated to time. However, the series of free residual chlorine, temperature, TTHM, CHCl 3 , CHCl 2 Br, CHClBr 2 , and CHBr 3 suggest a different pattern. The correlation coefficient increases when the time-shift approaches 24 h. These repetitions in fluctuation of content over a 24-h period are statistically significant. The model formulated in this study provides insights in TTHM variation and is a necessary tool to reduce the error when estimating potential risk from exposure to trihalomethane compounds in drinking water system. In general, calculation of potential risk by using a value measured early morning or late afternoon concentrations were found minimal lead to an underestimation of the population risk.
Thioridazine-5-sulfoxide cardiotoxicity in the isolated, perfused rat heart

Abstract The potential cardiotoxicity of a racemic mixture of thioridazine-5-sulfoxide, an oxidative metabolite of thioridazine, was studied in the isolated, perfused rat heart. Thioridazine-5-sulfoxide (ring sulfoxide) was prepared by a new method in which a racemic mixture of the two diastereoisomeric forms of the compound was formed. Hearts from male Sprague-Dawley rats were perfused using a modified Langendorff preparation. Quinidine (31 μM) served as a positive control for the measurements of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and the heart rate. Thioridazine (13 μM) perfusion resulted in a variable heart rate and elevated S-T segment. Perfusate concentrations of the ring sulfoxide as low as 12 μM increased P-R and Q-T intervals, produced delays in A-V and ventricular conduction, premature ventricular contractions and ultimately A-V block. These findings suggest that thioridazine cardiotoxicity may be due in part to the actions of thioridazine ring sulfoxide.
Tyrosine and Phenylalanine Catabolism by Lactobacillus Cheese Flavor Adjuncts

Bacterial metabolism of Tyr and Phe has been associated with the formation of aromatic compounds that impart barny-utensil and floral off-flavors in cheese. In an effort to identify possible mechanisms for the origin of these compounds in Cheddar cheese, we investigated Tyr and Phe catabolism by Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus helveticus cheese flavor adjuncts under simulated Cheddar cheese-ripening (pH 5.2, 4% NaCl, 15°C, no sugar) conditions. Enzyme assays of cell-free extracts indicated that L. casei strains catabolize Tyr and Phe by successive, constitutively expressed transamination and dehydrogenation reactions. Similar results were obtained with L. helveticus strains, except that the dehydrogenase enzymes were induced during incubation under cheese-ripening conditions. Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography of supernatants from L. casei and L. helveticus strains incubated under simulated cheese-ripening conditions confirmed that Tyr and Phe transamination and dehydrogenation pathways were active in both species and also showed these reactions were reversible. Major products of Tyr catabolism were p-hydroxy phenyl lactic acid and p-hydroxy phenyl acetic acid, while Phe degradation gave rise to phenyl lactic acid, phenyl acetic acid, and benzoic acid. However, some of these products were likely formed by nonenzymatic processes, since spontaneous chemical degradation of the Tyr intermediate p-hydroxy phenyl pyruvic acid produced p-hydroxy phenyl acetic acid, p-hydroxy phenyl propionic acid, and p-hydroxy benzaldehyde, while chemical degradation of the Phe intermediate phenyl pyruvic acid gave rise to phenyl acetic acid, benzoic acid, phenethanol, phenyl propionic acid, and benzaldehyde.
Kalirin-9 and Kalirin-12 Play Essential Roles in Dendritic Outgrowth and Branching

Proteins derived from the Kalrn gene, encoding 2 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) domains, affect dendritic and axonal morphogenesis. The roles of endogenous Kalirin-9 (Kal9) and Kalirin-12 (Kal12), the Kalrn isoforms expressed before synaptogenesis, have not been studied in neurite growth and maturation during early development. The Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster orthologues of Kalrn encode proteins equivalent to Kal9 but, lacking a kinase domain, neither organism expresses a protein equivalent to Kal12. Both in vivo and in vitro analyses of cortical neurons from total Kalrn knockout mice, lacking all major Kalirin isoforms, revealed a simplified dendritic arbor and reduced neurite length. Using isoform-specific shRNAs to reduce Kal9 or Kal12 expression in hippocampal cultures resulted in stunted dendritic outgrowth and branching in vitro, without affecting axonal polarity. Exposing hippocampal cultures to inhibitors of the first GEF domain of Kalirin (ITX3, Z62954982) blunted neurite outgrowth and branching, confirming its essential role, without altering the morphology of neurons not expressing Kalrn. In addition, exogenous expression of the active kinase domain unique to Kal12 increased neurite number and length, whereas that of the inactive kinase domain decreased neurite growth. Our results demonstrate that both endogenous Kal9 and endogenous Kal12 contribute to dendritic maturation in early development.
Methadone: Antimicrobial Activity and Interaction with Antibiotics

Abstract We studied the effect of methadone, alone and in combination with antimicrobial agents, on two strains each of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens isolated from blood streams of parenteral drug abusers with bacterial endocarditis. Methadone has its own antibacterial effect, although at supraphysiological concentrations, and is even synergistic with antimicrobial agents against some organisms. Thus, methadone does not interfere with the antibacterial effects of antibiotics in vitro.
Interaction of methyl benzoate as a model odorant with a series of free-base amino acids and some amino-acid hydrochlorides

Abstract The interactions of methyl benzoate as a model odorant with a series of free-base amino acids: lysine, tryptophan, arginine, proline, histidine, cysteine, leucine, threonine and phenylalanine, were studied by gas-phase adsorption on solid amino-acid samples. dl -, d - and l -isomers were investigated for all of the mino acids with exception of cysteine where only dl - and d - were studied. Langmuir adsorption isotherms show that the strongest interactions are with lysine. Correlation of the relative interaction strength with the chemical structures suggests that binding is strongest to the remote amino groups in the amino-acid side-chain and involves a nucleophilic attack of a lone pair of electrons on the ϵ-nitrogen of lysine to the carbon of the carbonyl group of the methyl benzoate. This suggestion is supported by studies on hydrochlorides of lysine where the side-chain amino groups are protonated and thus cannot participate in a lone-pair interaction. Arginine mono-hydrochloride was found to adsorb more methyl benzoate than even the lysine free-base, an observation which is not fully understood.
Undiagnosed invasive candidiasis: incorporating non-culture diagnostics into rational prophylactic and preemptive antifungal strategies.

The insensitivity of blood cultures for diagnosing invasive candidiasis fuels prophylactic and preemptive antifungal treatment. Assays like serum β-D-glucan or mannan/anti-mannan detection can identify blood culture-negative invasive candidiasis, but their roles in guiding antifungal therapy are undefined. We propose that non-culture tests can be incorporated into rational management strategies, based on clinical setting. As an example, β-D-glucan sensitivity/specificity for blood culture-negative, deep-seated candidiasis is approximately 60/75%. In intensive care units with 99% and 6/98%, respectively. With pre-test likelihoods of 10 and 33%, positive/negative predictive values are 20/94% and 54/79%, respectively. Based on these data, negative and positive β-D-glucan results likely will be most useful for discontinuing prophylaxis among low-risk to moderate-risk patients (pre-test likelihoods ∼3–10%), and triggering preempti...
Periodic solutions of equations with nonlinearities involving the derivatives

has no root of the form 2kni/T with k a nonzero integer. When this choice for L is made, equation (1) becomes a generalized Liknard equation. Such equations have been studied by Cesari and Kannan [l] and Mawhin [4] when written in system form and by FuGk [2] as a scalar equation. Fu8k [2] has investigated the generalized Liinard equation when g is bounded and strictly monotone and f is bounded. Landesman-Lazer type conditions are then given on p to ensure the existence of a T-periodic solution. In the present paper, by the use of alternative methods, we will prove existence theorems where g need not be bounded nor strictly monotone but satisfies a generalization of monotonicity (se (N2)). Nonlinearities such as in equation (2) are not considered in [14]. By obtaining bounds for x’ we are able to give existence results for equation (2) where the conditions imposed are similar to those used for equation (1).
Mean Values and the Maximum Principle: A Proof in Search of More Theorems

(2005). Mean Values and the Maximum Principle: A Proof in Search of More Theorems. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 112, No. 6, pp. 515-521.
Early development of the serotonergic and dopaminergic nervous system in Spisula solidissima (surf clam) larvae

We have defined the development of the serotonergic and dopaminergic components of the central nervous system in the early Spisula solidissima (surf clam) embryo using HPLC and immunocytochemistry. HPLC analysis reveals norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin are present at 24 h post-fertilization. Immunocytochemistry shows that the serotonergic nervous system emerges during the late trochophore stage with the development of a single serotonergic cell, C/A1, in the cerebral/apical ganglion. After 48 h, a second serotonergic cell forms, C/A2, which is connected to C/A1 by two serotonergic processes, and a single serotonergic cell emerges in the visceral ganglion, V1. At 72 h, a new serotonergic cell body develops in the cerebral/apical ganglion, C/A3. After 96 h, the cerebral/apical ganglion and visceral ganglion are connected by a serotonergic process. Expression of the dopamine receptor, D2, begins by 24 h with a generalized expression in the region of the developing gut. D2 expression in the gut ceases by 48 h. At 48 h, a network of fibers forms dorsolateral to the mouth. By 72 h, D2 expressing projections emerge from this network.
New methodologies for eliminating No Trouble Found, No Fault Found and other non repeatable failures in depot settings

New methodologies for eliminating No Trouble Found (NTF), No Fault Found (NFF) and other non repeatable failures in depot (or other) repair settings. Trying to find NTFs or NFFs has been as elusive as catching a leprechaun (and with the price of gold these days, who wouldn't want to catch a leprechaun and capture his pot of gold!). In fact, in some instances getting to the root cause has become the largest area of investment for a test strategy. In this paper we explore the fundamentals of NTFs and NFFs and show developments in several areas that will allow depots to dramatically reduce these types of errors (results) with innovative solutions.
The Experiential Course: An Alternative to Study Abroad for Nontraditional Students

: Many students today do not fit the traditional mold of those who enter college directly from high school and complete their baccalaureate degrees in four years. While foreign language educators agree that participation in a study-abroad program can result in linguistic and cultural benefits to students, some students are unable to take advantage of such programs for personal and financial reasons. An intensive experiential course based on university and community resources can offer such students a rich alternative linguistic/cultural experience.
Cross sections for pion, proton, and heavy-ion production from 800 MeV protons incident upon aluminum and silicon☆

Abstract When high-energy cosmic rays interact with electronics or other materials in a spacecraft, including the occupants themselves, pions are produced as secondary particles. These secondary pions interact further in the materials producing nuclear secondaries, including nuclear recoils and heavy-ion tertiaries. The secondary pions and the the tertiary particles are capable of producing single-event upsets and other damage in integrated circuits and damage in biological systems. Negative pions stopping in materials are particularly effective because of their unique ability to produce short-range heavy particles from pion stars. With the Los Alamos National Laboratory's version of the intranuclear cascade evaporation code, VEGAS, we have calculated the number of pions produced per energy interval per incident proton from 800 MeV protons on aluminum-27 and silicon-28 along with corresponding results for neutrons, protons and heavier ions.
THE CONTOURS OF AN EMERGING TERRITORY:IMPRESSIONS OF TWENTY YEARS OF ZYGON:JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND SCIENCE

. Abstract. While the general territory mapped by the founders ofthe Center for Advanced Study in Religion and Science and Zygonremains the same, how one delineates the contpurs of this territorydepends partly on personal histories and on whether one is atheologian, a scientist, a scholar of religious studies, or a philoso-pher. However, the pluralism in the CASIRAS-Zygon communitycan be placed in a more comprehensive, evolutionary framework, in which the different approaches exert cultural selection pres-sures on each other. The most important selection pressure ishaving to make scholarly work usable by nonscholars seekingmeaning for their lives in a scientific age.