cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management of Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune phenomenon that involves both antigen-dependent and antigen-independent pathways. It occurs in about 20 % of patients with dysthyroidism and can develop in patients who are hyperthyroid, hypothyroid, or euthyroid. The fundamental change that underlies most clinical manifestations of TED is enlargement or expansion of orbital soft tissues. These manifestations include conjunctival injection and chemosis, upper eyelid retraction, lid lag, exophthalmos, and strabismus. Dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) is one of the most serious complications of TED, occurring in 4–8.6 % of TED patients and can result in loss of vision in one or both eyes. DON is caused by the mechanical compression or distortion of the optic nerve in the apex of the orbit. This chapter will review the symptoms and signs of DON, the way in which the diagnosis can be made, and the management options.
Maternal house dust mite exposure during pregnancy enhances severity of house dust mite-induced asthma in murine offspring

Background Atopic status of the mother and maternal exposure to environmental factors are associated with increased asthma risk. Moreover, animal models demonstrate that exposure to allergens in strongly sensitized mothers influences offspring asthma development, suggesting that in utero exposures can influence offspring asthma. However, it is unclear whether maternal exposure to common human allergens such as house dust mite (HDM), in the absence of additional adjuvants, influences offspring asthma development. Objective We sought to determine whether maternal HDM exposure influences asthma development in offspring. Methods Pregnant female mice were exposed to PBS or HDM during pregnancy. Using offspring of PBS- or HDM-exposed mothers, the magnitude of HDM or Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) extract–induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway inflammation, immunoglobulin production, T H 2-associated cytokine synthesis, and pulmonary dendritic cell activity was assessed. Results Compared with offspring of PBS-exposed mothers, offspring of HDM-exposed mothers demonstrate increased AHR, airway inflammation, T H 2 cytokine production, and immunoglobulin levels and a modest decrease in the phagocytic capacity of pulmonary macrophage populations following HDM exposure. Increased sensitivity to AF-induced airway disease was not observed. Offspring of HDM-exposed B-cell–deficient mothers also demonstrated increased HDM-induced AHR, suggesting that transfer of maternal immunoglobulins is not required. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that maternal exposure to HDM during pregnancy increases asthma sensitivity in offspring in an HDM-specific manner, suggesting that vertical transmission of maternal immune responses may be involved. These findings have important implications for regulation of asthma risk, and suggest that exposure to HDM in the developed world may have underappreciated influences on the overall prevalence of allergic asthma.
Deconstructing Meritocracy in the College Classroom.

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to discuss meritocracy as it impacts our undergraduate college teaching. As college educators, we have come to realize how little students have been challenged to critically examine the notion of meritocracy. Seeking to understand why this is so and what we can do to engender a more nuanced understanding of how social class is structured and perpetuated across generations, we present an assessment of why the majority of students believe we live in a meritocratic society and how college educators can use specific activities to complicate this view. As we do this we include evidence of how social class and social mobility are structured and why an adherence to meritocracy is, we believe, an anathema to teaching for social justice.
Pediatric Obesity and the Liver

The obesity epidemic affects both the adult and pediatric populations. Obese children are at risk for comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFL...
Enhancement of intrinsic optical signal recording with split spectrum optical coherence tomography

Functional optical coherence tomography (OCT) of stimulus-evoked intrinsic optical signal (IOS) promises to be a new methodology for high-resolution mapping of retinal neural dysfunctions. However, its practical applications for non-invasive examination of retinal function have been hindered by the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and small magnitude of IOSs. Split spectrum amplitude-decorrelation has been demonstrated to improve the image quality of OCT angiography. In this study, we exploited split spectrum strategy to improve the sensitivity of IOS recording. The full OCT spectrum was split into multiple spectral bands and IOSs from each sub-band were calculated separately and then combined to generate a single IOS image sequence. The algorithm was tested on in vivo images of frog retinas. It significantly improved both IOS magnitude and SNR, which are essential for practical applications of functional IOS imaging.
Impact pressure and void fraction due to plunging breaking wave impact on a 2D TLP structure

Violent impacts due to the plunging breaking wave impingement on a 2D tension-leg platform (TLP) structure were experimentally investigated in a laboratory. Simultaneous pressure, void fraction, fluid velocity, and structure motion measurements were performed on the multiphase, turbulent flow. The maximum mean impact pressure is 2.3ρC 2 with C being the wave phase speed. The pressure maximum and its rise time are negatively correlated, and the rise time for impulsive-type impacts is less than 15 ms or 0.18H/C with H being the wave height. Different approaches show that impact coefficients vary from 0.6 to 9.7, including relating the impact pressure maxima to the wave phase speed, local velocity, and void fraction. By modeling the plunging breaking wave impact as a filling flow, a pressure–aeration relationship was investigated and compared with the approximate solution derived by Peregrine and Thais (J Fluid Mech 325:377–397, 1996). The measured data show that a high aeration level tends to reduce the impact pressure maximum so the cushioning effect is significant for breaking wave impacts on a moving vertical wall.
Repeatability and Accuracy of the Pressed Juice Percentage Method at Sorting Steaks into Juiciness Categories

The objective of this study was to evaluate the repeatability of the Pressed Juice Percentage (PJP) as well as to determine the accuracy of previously determined PJP thresholds at sorting beef strip loin steaks into categories based on the probability of being rated juicy by sensory panelists. Beef strip loin steaks representing 3 USDA quality grades (Prime, Low Choice, and Low Select) and Low Select strip loin steaks enhanced to 108% of the raw weight with a water, salt, and alkaline phosphate solution were cooked to three degrees of doneness [DOD; Rare (60°C), Medium (71°C), Very Well-Done (82°C)] to maximize variation in juiciness. Paired steaks were evaluated for PJP, Slice Shear Force (SSF), and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF). Additionally, steaks representing Prime, Low Choice, and Low Select that were non-enhanced or enhanced with the same enhancement solution cooked to three DOD [Rare (60°C), Medium (71°C), Very Well-Done (82°C)] from a previously conducted sensory study were used to evaluate the ability of PJP to sort steaks into juiciness categories. Results indicated PJP had a high repeatability coefficient of 0.70, indicating only a small portion (30%) of the variation observed was due to sample measurement differences between paired samples. The repeatability of SSF and WBSF were 0.68 and 0.85, respectively. The evaluated PJP threshold values accurately segregated strip loin steaks by the probability of a sample being rated as juicy (mean juiciness rating of > 50) by consumers. The actual percentage of juicy samples was determined to be 41.67, 72.31, 89.33, and 98.08% for the predicted 90% categories, respectively. Results of this study indicate the PJP juiciness measure is both repeatable and accurate in sorting beef strip loin steaks based on the likelihood of a steak being classified as juicy by consumers.
Psychologic Sequelae of Cardiac Valve Implantation

Since the advent of cardiac surgery, there has been an increasing amount of research concerned with the psychological after-effects of these procedures. Numerous studies have examined the clinical features of post-cardiotomy delirium, which occurs in up to one-third of cases, as well as the factors which seem to predispose patients to this complication [1]. Other studies have investigated the adjustment of patients to artificial pacemaker implantation (both transthoracic and trans-venous), which typically results in few long-term psychiatric symptoms [2]. More recent papers have dealt with the psychological aspects of coronary artery bypass grafting, such as the persistent anxiety and depression seen in up to one-third of all patients [3, 4].
Equity-Directed Instructional Practices: Beyond the Dominant Perspective

In this article, the author synthesizes four equity-directed instructional practices: standards-based mathematics instruction, complex instruction, culturally relevant pedagogy (CRP), and teaching mathematics for social justice (TMfSJ). The author organizes these practices according to the dominant and critical axes in GutiA©rrez's (2007a) equity framework. Among 12 teachers from 11 schools in a large urban school district, the author presents case studies of 3 teachers who excelled with the aforementioned dominant equity-directed practices but struggled with the critical practices of connecting to students' experiences called for in CRP and critical mathematics called for in TMfSJ. The analysis explicitly explores the role of whiteness in these struggles. The author presents implications and recommendations for mathematics teacher education on how to better support teachers for equitable teaching that includes these critical equity-directed practices.
Carrots, Sticks and False Carrots: How high should weight control wellness incentives be? Findings from a population-level experiment

Employers are increasingly using wellness incentives, including penalties for unhealthy behavior. Survey data suggests that people are willing to accept the principle of penalizing those perceived to take health risks, but the equally relevant question of the magnitude of acceptable penalties is unclear. While the principle of penalizing overweight and obese people has some support, findings from a population-level experiment (n=1,000) suggest that the acceptable size of penalties is comparatively small, around $50: more than 10-fold below levels favored by advocates. Reward-based incentives are favored over penalty-based ones by a factor of 4. Of two different ways of framing penalty programs, poorer and higher weight groups appear to find the one that is more overtly penalizing less acceptable. Levels of incentives matter on effectiveness as well as on ethical grounds, as it cannot be assumed that it is equally easy for all to meet health targets to secure a benefit or avoid a penalty. Programs should be designed to engage, not to frustrate those most in need of health improvement. Employee involvement in determining incentive types and levels, and explicit justification for program design can help both employees and employers to reap benefits.
Guiding the selection of physical experiments supporting validation of electric power system models

As engineering analyses rely more on computer simulation, it is important to develop a methodology that accounts for inaccuracies present in all simulation models. Typically, simulation models are validated against the physical system they try to explain. This process is normally achieved in a qualitative manner. Thus, the comparison falls short of quantifying the agreement or disagreement between simulation model and the physical system. A better approach to validation considers all sources of error and uncertainties in both the simulation model and the physical system. Quantitative model validation is a means of achieving confidence in simulation models.This work will serve to outline a methodology for achieving the operating points required for validation and apply it to an electrical engineering problem. The study proposes using classical design of experiments, i.e. central composite design, in tandem with computer experiments to arrive at a small amount of physical experiments. These experiments allow for model comparison at multiple tiers.The system under study is a representative 400 V direct current (DC) distribution system suitable for evaluating the impact of a proposed grounding scheme [1]. Both system architecture and grounding method studied are under consideration for future naval vessels.
The Leech Lattice and Conway Groups

We describe the Leech lattice and obtain some basic information about its automorphism group. Our presentation is based mainly on Sections 5 and 8.
Modeling of Conductivity Versus Density Behavior in Green-State Powder Metallurgy Compacts

Ongoing research at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) has recently resulted in the development of an electrostatic multipin instrument capable of testing green-state compacts directly after compaction. By monitoring a steady electric current flow through the sample and recording the voltages over the surface valuable information is gathered, leading to the prediction of the structural health of the green-state parts. Whereas our prior work concentrated on the detection of surface-breaking and subsurface defects, which requires the determination of large differences in material properties over small flaw sizes, the results presented in this paper aim at the density prediction throughout the volume of the sample. This requires the detection of small changes in material properties over large regions. A physical model and a mathematical formulation are reported, which are capable of relating green-state density changes to electric conductivity in the presence of various lubricant concentrations. Preliminary electrostatic measurements of cylindrical compacts have thus far confirmed the theoretical model assumptions, showing that the electric conductivity follows a complex graphical behavior that is determined by the type and concentration of the lubricant. Specifically, the green state conductivity increases as the sample density increases up to values of approximately 6.9 to 7.0 g/cm3. Any further density increase, however, results in a decrease in conductivity.
Targeted next-generation DNA sequencing of paired tumor and normal DNA to reveal frequent actionable germline alterations.

11575Background: Targeted next-generation DNA sequencing of paired tumor and normal DNA samples allows for detection of biologically relevant variants in the tumor with significantly greater accura...
Poker Probabilities: A New Setting.

Teachers and students of high school and college probability often use the standard deck of fifty-two playing cards to generate examples. One interesting example concerns the probabilities of various five-card poker hands. Table 1 displays the names of five-card poker hands and the probabilities of their occurring when five cards are initially dealt from a well-shuffled deck. The derivations of many of the probabilities listed in this table are described in probability textbooks (Goldberg 1960, pp. 10, 143, 147, 148). The listing in table 1 indicates that the best hands are least likely to occur. For example, four of a kind beats a flush because four of a kind occurs less frequently than a flush.
Assembly line design using a hybrid approach of lean manufacturing and balancing models

This manuscript presents a method to design automotive production assembly lines that integrate lean manufacturing approaches and line balancing algorithms. In this work, we develop a clustering al...
Effects of Segment Length Asymmetry in Ternary Diblock Co-polymer–Homopolymer Mixtures

Self-consistent field theory is used to study the effect of asymmetry between A and B statistical segment lengths on interfacial properties and phase behavior in ternary mixtures of AB diblock co-p...
Narrative Feedback in Faculty Development

Research on faculty development and its generalizability is lagging compared to other areas of research in medical education. Providing feedback has been identified as a skill in need of improvement for medical educators, both in the classroom and at the clinical bedside. Surprisingly, little has been published on faculty skills in providing feedback during faculty development sessions, and more specifically, providing narrative feedback. An IRB-approved study analyzed the outcomes of 73 faculty development sessions conducted within one academic year. A qualitative study of the narrative portion of end-of-session evaluations examined type and scope of narrative feedback provided to presenters about their presentation skills as well as about the perceived quality and usefulness of the faculty development sessions. The findings from this study suggest that further and more in-depth professional development in providing feedback is warranted, preferably early in faculty's professional development.
Effecting Consistency Across Curriculum: A Case Study

Continuous quality improvement is the clarion call across all business schools which is driving the emphasis on assessing the attainment of learning outcomes. An issue that deems special attention in assurance of learning outcomes is related to consistency across courses and, more specifically, across multiple sections of the same course taught by different professors. This paper is intended to accomplish the two objectives. First, identify and discuss the situational factors that are driving the need for improving quality through assessment. The expectations of students and parents, employers and graduate programs, accrediting organizations, and faculty are examined in this situational assessment. Second, a review of the process utilized by the School of Business at a small, private, liberal arts college to address consistency issues that adversely impact quality improvement is provided. This process, still in the early stages of evolution, has had a significant impact on the culture of the institution as it strives to meet AACSB requirements. The process described in this paper has been utilized to address concerns and fears of faculty, and has resulted in improvements in consistency among courses in the curriculum. Concluding remarks provide general recommendations that can be used by our peers who aspire to travel down the same path of using assessment data to improve quality.
Draft Genome Sequence of Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis TSA37, Isolated from Wood Ash.

ABSTRACT Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis is a common bacterial resident of the human skin microbiome, among other environments. D. nishinomiyaensis strain TSA37 was isolated from the ash pan of a residential wood pellet stove. A genome assembly of 3,130,592 bp was generated, with an N50 value of 197,547 bp and a calculated G+C content of 69.01%.
The Sexual Mindfulness Project: An Initial Presentation of the Sexual and Relational Associations of Sexual Mindfulness

Little research has evaluated the associations of mindfulness training on couple romantic and sexual well-being and no research has examined the role of sexual mindfulness within an intervention. W...
Linear Response Theory for Nonlinear Stochastic Differential Equations with $\alpha$-stable L\'{e}vy Noises

We consider a nonlinear stochastic differential equation driven by an $\alpha$-stable Levy process ($1<\alpha<2$). We first obtain some regularity results for the probability density of its invariant measure via establishing the a priori estimate of the corresponding stationary Fokker-Planck equation. Then by the a priori estimate of Kolmogorov backward equations and the perturbation property of Markov semigroup, we derive the response function and generalize the famous linear response theory in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics to non-Gaussian stochastic dynamic systems.
Using the Transtheoretical Model to Promote Behavior Change for Social Justice in Kinesiology

Although a major goal of social justice-based education is to facilitate changes in discriminatory attitudes and behaviors, it can sometimes backfire and elicit negative responses from students. On...
A General Framework for Charger Scheduling Optimization Problems

This paper presents a general framework to tackle a diverse range of NP-hard charger scheduling problems, optimizing the trajectory of mobile chargers to prolong the life of Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Network (WRSN), a system consisting of sensors with rechargeable batteries and mobile chargers. Existing solutions to charger scheduling problems require problem-specific design and a trade-off between the solution quality and computing time. Instead, we observe that instances of the same type of charger scheduling problem are solved repeatedly with similar combinatorial structure but different data. We consider searching an optimal charger scheduling as a trial and error process, and the objective function of a charging optimization problem as reward, a scalar feedback signal for each search. We propose a deep reinforcement learning-based charger scheduling optimization framework. The biggest advantage of the framework is that a diverse range of domain-specific charger scheduling strategy can be learned automatically from previous experiences. A framework also simplifies the complexity of algorithm design for individual charger scheduling optimization problem. We pick three representative charger scheduling optimization problems, design algorithms based on the proposed deep reinforcement learning framework, implement them, and compare them with existing ones. Extensive simulation results show that our algorithms based on the proposed framework outperform all existing ones.
Foundations for high-order, conservative cut-cell methods: Stable discretizations on degenerate meshes

Abstract Cut-cell methods for unsteady flow problems can greatly simplify the grid generation process and allow for high-fidelity simulations on complex geometries. However, cut-cell methods have been limited to low orders of accuracy. This is driven, largely, by the variety of procedures typically introduced to evaluate derivatives in a stable manner near the highly irregular embedded geometry. In the present work, a completely new approach, termed TEMO (truncation error matching and optimization), is taken to solve this problem. The approach is based on two simple and intuitive design principles. These principles directly allow for the construction of stable 8th order approximations to elliptic and parabolic problems. In addition, when combined with the non-linear optimization process of Ref. [6] , these principles allow for stable and conservative 4th order approximations to hyperbolic problems without the addition of numerical dissipation. To the best of the authors' knowledge, these are the highest orders ever achieved for a cut-cell discretization by a significant margin. This is done for both explicit and compact finite differences and is accomplished without any geometric transformations or artificial stabilization procedures.
Liver Transplantation for Acute and Acute on Chronic Liver Failure

Both acute liver failure (ALF) and acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) are characterized by acute decompensation of the liver function complicated by high morbidity and mortality. In ALF patients, an acute deterioration of the liver function occurs without any pre-existing liver disease, and it may range from mild forms that recover spontaneously to severe forms that progress rapidly with encephalopathy, multiorgan failure, and high mortality. In these severe forms, liver transplantation is indicated and is a life-saving procedure. ACLF is a clinical syndrome with acute deterioration of liver function in patients with cirrhosis complicated by other organ system failures, and high short-term mortality. In the severe forms of ACLF, liver transplantation represents the only effective treatment.
Global Perspectives on International Student Experiences in Higher Education : Tensions and Issues

In Global Perspectives on International Student Experiences in Higher Education, Dr. Krishna Bista selected 18 studies that present important findings to the field, in which the authors provide examples of how the quality of the international student experience deserves the utmost attention of administrators, faculty, student affairs professionals, and policymakers. The book is divided into four main units, which are described separately in this review.
Renewing a Craftsmanship of Attention With the World

This commentary troubles the concept of sustainability as “a fixed state of affairs,” opting instead for understandings that are “pluralistic, nourishing and restorative” (Reinertsen, 2016, p. 163)...
Mobile Health Interventions: Examining Medication Adherence Outcomes Among Patients With Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Treatment for cancer is trending toward oral therapies, which patients can self-manage from home. Proper adherence to oral therapy is vital to safe and optimal care in this setting. Mobile health interventions (i.e., text message reminders, mobile applications, and automated calls) are an evolving strategy aimed at improving medication adherence for patients on long-term oral therapies. OBJECTIVES: This review aims to provide an overview of research outcomes for the use of mobile health interventions among patients with cancer. METHODS: A comprehensive review of CINAHL®, MEDLINE®, and PubMed® was completed. Eleven articles were eligible for inclusion in this review. FINDINGS: Mobile health interventions are an acceptable approach among patients with cancer and may improve adherence outcomes for those at highest risk for suboptimal adherence.
A novel IDE control to improve light load efficiency for a full-bridge DC/DC converter

Server and telecom power systems have traditionally been using the Intermediate Bus Converter (IBC) or Adaptive Bus Converter (ABC). To improve power efficiency crossing load range is a hot topic in the recent years. Using digital control provides the possibility to have better efficiency than analog control. At light load, output inductor current can go negative through a synchronous rectifier (SR). The negative current can bring additional power losses. Well controlled synchronous rectifiers can emulate MOSFETs conduction like ideal diodes, and hence negative current is eliminated. This paper will propose a new control method for synchronous rectifiers to effectively eliminate output inductor negative current. A 360W 48V/12V DC/DC converter was built for the control validation. The power efficiency is increased by 7% at light load.
Bovine dopamine beta-hydroxylase cDNA. Complete coding sequence and expression in mammalian cells with vaccinia virus vector.

We have isolated cDNA clones for bovine dopamine beta-hydroxylase from an adrenal medulla cDNA library and have determined the complete coding sequence. The largest cDNA clone isolated from the library is 2.4 kilobase pairs (kb) and contains an open reading frame of 1788 bases, coding for a protein of 597 amino acids and Mr = 66,803. The predicted amino acid sequence of the bovine cDNA contains 85% identity with human dopamine beta-hydroxylase (Lamouroux, A., Vingny, A., Faucon Biquet, N., Darmon, M. C., Franck, R., Henry, J.P., and Mallet, J. (1987) EMBO J. 6, 3931-3937; Kobayashi, K., Kurosawa, Y., Fujita, K., and Nagatsu, T. (1989) Nucleic Acids Res. 17, 1089-1102). Northern blot analysis reveals that the cDNA hybridizes to an mRNA of 2.4 kb present in bovine adrenal medulla, but not in kidney, heart, or liver. In addition, the cDNA hybridizes to a second RNA species of 5.5 kb, which is 4-fold less abundant than the 2.4-kb RNA. In vitro translation of a synthetic RNA transcribed from the 2.4-kb cDNA produces a 68-kDa protein, which is specifically immunoprecipitated by antiserum to bovine dopamine beta-hydroxylase. The 2.4-kb cDNA was cloned into a vaccinia virus vector, and the recombinant virus was used to infect the rat pheochromocytoma PC12 and monkey BSC-40 fibroblast cell lines. In both cell lines, infection with recombinant virus produces a protein of Mr = 75,000, which reacts with antiserum to bovine dopamine beta-hydroxylase. These results indicate that the 2.4-kb cDNA contains the genetic information necessary to code for the bovine dopamine beta-hydroxylase subunit.
Impact of Mixed β-Cyclodextrin Ratios on Pluronic Rotaxanation Efficiency and Product Solubility

Water-soluble polyrotaxanes have been prepared under heterogeneous conditions from mixtures of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), methyl-β-cyclodextrin, or 6-monoazido-β-cyclodextrin with 4-sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) and Pluronic L81 copolymer modified with cholesterol end caps. Threading reactions gave polyrotaxane products in modest chemical yield that were reflective of the β-CD feed ratios in the reaction. Polyrotaxanes containing mixtures of HP-β-CD and SBE-β-CD were screened and found to be biologically active in an in vitro model of Niemann-Pick Type C disease where they mobilize aberrantly stored cholesterol similarly to monomeric cyclodextrin controls.
Thermodynamic Properties of the Alkali-Halide Crystals

The equilibrium properties of fourteen alkali halides in the NaCl lattice structure are calculated by using an expression for the pair potential given by Tosi and Fumi. The calculations are based on the quasiharmonic lattice-dynamic method and the unsmeared Lennard-Jones-Devonshire cell model. The latter provides numerical estimates of anharmonic contributions which are neglected in the former. Comparison of the calculations with the available experimental data as well as the Monte Carlo data of Woodcock and Singer shows reasonable agreement for the cohesive energy, the pressure, the specific heats, the coefficients of thermal expansion, and the Gr\"uneisen $\ensuremath{\gamma}$'s, but relatively poor agreement in the case of the elastic constants. Our results indicate that the interionic potential for the alkali halides has a stiffer repulsive core and a stronger attractive tail than the expression given by Tosi and Fumi, and that the anharmonic corrections are generally small and should be described accurately by the two lowest terms in a suitable perturbation series. Further discussion is given on the accuracy of using an existing approximate theory for the elastic constants and on the self-consistency of making the quantum and anharmonic corrections introduced here.
Program Evaluation for School Improvement: Guidelines for School Administrators:

As schools initiate a more student-centered approach, using brain-com patible learning strategies and authentic assessment, there is a critical need to demystify the process of measuring school effectiveness.
Dynamics of residency and egress in selected estuarine fishes: evidence from acoustic telemetry

In an attempt to determine the extent and periodicity of several large juvenile and adult fishes (smooth dogfish Mustelus canis, black drum Pogonias cromis, hickory shad Alosa mediocris) in a temperate estuary, we tracked acoustically tagged individuals with passive and active telemetry techniques during the summer, fall and winter. This approach confirmed summer residency for all of these species and species-specific and individual patterns of egress ranging from summer through fall. Other species (striped bass Morone saxatilis, summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus, bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix) that were previously tracked in the same estuary with the same techniques were reanalyzed for the same characteristics. There were species-specific and individual differences in residency and egress of these species as well, but all species left the estuary by the end of December. Together, these observations confirm the importance of temperate estuaries in the summer and fall, but not during the winter for the juveniles and adults of these migratory species. However, the duration of residency and timing of egress may vary if warming of estuarine waters continues.
Linguistic evidence and its correlation with archaeology

Abstract Linguistic evidence has long been applied to problems of historical reconstruction; and, in particular, considerable effort has been expended in the search for correlations between archeo‐logical and linguistic sources for history. Nevertheless, linguistic sources have remained, for the most part, insufficiently utilized. Historical inferences can be made from the kinds of evidence which inhere in the data of language relationships and from toponymy; and both these kinds of data have received extensive use. But historical inferences, of much more detailed and more complex kinds, can be made from the diachronic analysis of adopted elements, specifically word‐borrowings, in languages; and this sort of study has only too frequently not been undertaken. Applied in conjunction, the two categories of linguistic evidence reveal the probable approximate locations through time of, the relative historical sequence of interactions between, and the sequence of developments within, the groups of societies fro...
A single channel 6-bit 900MS/s 2-bits per stage asynchronous binary search ADC

This paper presents a new single channel 6-bit 900MS/s asynchronous binary search analog to digital converter (ADC). The proposed ADC works based on binary search principle like the Successive Approximation Register (SAR) ADC. Compared to SAR ADC the speed is improved significantly adopting two design techniques. By implementing the binary search in an open loop configuration using asynchronous clock generation the delay in the feedback path of the SAR ADC is relaxed significantly. Moreover in the proposed asynchronous binary search ADC two bits are resolved in each stage of the ADC. By resolving two bits in each stage the proposed ADC can operate twice as fast as conventional asynchronous binary search ADCs. The proposed single channel 6-bit 900MS/s ADC was designed in 90nm CMOS process. Simulation results show that the proposed ADC reaches a peak SNDR of 35.82dB consuming 4.33mW from a single 1.2V power supply. It achieves of 95.3fJ/conv.code FoM.
Pregabalin improves pain in fibromyalgia (FM) patients regardless of baseline anxiety and depression levels

Aims:Examine the evidence for a relationship between pregabalin effect on pain and baseline anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia (FM).Background:Chronic pain and concomitant anxiety and depressive symptoms are common in patients with FM, as well as in other chronic pain disorders. Pregabalin was effective for treating pain in FM patients in three parallel group RCTs (105, 1056, 1077) where data for anxiety and depressive symptom levels were collected.Design/Methods:Patients meeting ACR criteria for FM with a pain VAS score ≥40 mm were followed for 8-14 weeks in 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Patients (N=2022) received 150, 300, 450 or 600mg/d pregabalin or placebo. The primary efficacy parameter was change in endpoint Mean Pain Score (MPS) (range 0 [no pain]-10[worst possible pain]). Regression analyses evaluated whether changes in pain bore any relation to the baseline Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (HADS-A) and (HADS-D) levels.Results:Pregabalin 300, 450, and 600 mg/d, but not 150 mg/d, showed statistically significant improvements in pain compared with placebo (p<0.0001). For each pregabalin treatment group, improvements in pain at endpoint were not found to have a statistically significant association with baseline levels of anxiety or depressive symptoms. Adverse events (AEs) were consistent with known side effects of pregabalin; dizziness and somnolence, mild to moderate in intensity, were the most frequently reported AEs for pregabalin patients.Conclusions/Relevance:Pregabalin treatment demonstrated significant improvements in pain regardless of baseline anxiety or depressive symptom levels for patients with FM.Study funded by Pfizer, Inc
The REA Modeling Approach to Teaching Accounting Information Systems

The REA model was first conceptualized in a paper for the 1982 The Accounting Review as a framework for building accounting systems in a shared data environment, both within enterprises and between enterprises. The model's core feature was an object pattern consisting of two mirror‐image constellations that represented semantically the input and output components of a business process. The REA acronym derives from that pattern's structure, which consisted of economic Resources, economic Events, and economic Agents. Simultaneous with its research publication, REA began to be used as a framework for teaching accounting information systems (AIS), originally at Michigan State University and then gradually at other colleges and universities. In its extended form, the REA model integrates the teaching of accounting transaction structures, commitment and business policy specification, business process engineering, and enterprise value chain construction. As of 2003, REA modeling is used in a variety of AIS cours...
Immunocytochemical distribution of catecholamine-synthesizing neurons in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland of pigs: Tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-β-hydroxylase

This study describes the distribution of catecholaminergic neurons in the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland of the domestic pig, Sus scrofa, an animal that is widely used as an experimental model of human physiology in addition to its worldwide agricultural importance. Hypothalamic catecholamine neurons were identified by immunocytochemical staining for the presence of the catecholamine synthesizing enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive perikarya were observed in the periventricular region throughout the extent of the third ventricle, the anterior and retrochiasmatic divisions of the supraoptic nucleus, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the ventral and dorsolateral regions of the paraventricular nucleus and adjacent dorsal hypothalamus, the ventrolateral arcuate nucleus, and the posterior hypothalamus. Perikarya ranged from parvicellular (10-15 microns) to magnocellular (25-50 microns) and were of multiple shapes (rounded, fusiform, triangular, or multipolar) and generally had two to five processes with branched arborization. No dopamine-beta-hydroxylase immunoreactive perikarya were observed within the hypothalamus or in the adjacent basal forebrain structures. Both tyrosine hydroxylase- and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers and punctate varicosities were observed throughout areas containing tyrosine hydroxylase perikarya, but dopamine-beta-hydroxylase immunoreactivity was very sparse within the median eminence. Within the pituitary gland, only tyrosine hydroxylase fibers, and not dopamine-beta-hydroxylase immunoreactive fibers, were located throughout the neurohypophyseal tract and within the posterior pituitary in both pars intermedia and pars nervosa regions. Generally, the location and patterns of both catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes were similar to those reported for other mammalian species except for the absence of the A15 dorsal group and the very sparse dopamine-beta-hydroxylase immunoreactive fibers and varicosities in the median eminence in the pig. These findings provide an initial framework for elucidating behavioral and neuroendocrine species differences with regard to catecholamine neurotransmitters.
Creep, relaxation and cyclic behavior of a beam using a state-variable constitutive model

Abstract Numerical solutions are presented for the time-dependent inelastic behavior of a Bernoulli-Euler beam under a variety of time-dependent moment loadings. The inelastic constitutive representation employed is the recently developed state-variable constitutive law of Robinson. Robinson's equations have several novel features, and these are examined within the context of the behavior of a beam. Despite the fact that the beam may contain relatively complex inhomogeneous stress fields, the overall behavior is shown to be analogous to that observed in simple uniaxial tests.
Nonaqueous Synthesis and Selective Crystallization of Gallium Sulfide Clusters into Three-Dimensional Photoluminescent Superlattices

通讯作者地址: Feng, PY (通讯作者), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA 地址: 1. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA 2. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
Yeast culture to improve intake, nutrient digestibility, and performance by dairy cattle during early lactation.

Abstract Twenty-four primiparous Holstein cows were fed corn silage:grain (1:1, DM basis) and hay (.9 kg/d) beginning 30 d prepartum and through wk 18 of lactation. Ten grams of Biomate® Yeast Plus (5 x 10 9 cfu of Saccharomyces cerevisiae /g) were top-dressed on the a.m. allotment of corn silage:grain fed to 12 cows. Corn silage:grain was restricted during prepartum and thereafter fed for ad libitum intake. Cows fed supplemental yeast peaked earlier and had a higher milk yield compared with control cows (wk 7, 29.5 kg/d vs. wk 11, 28.7 kg/d). Digestibilities of protein and cellulose were improved in cows fed supplemental yeast, contributing to a greater DMI during the first 6 wk of lactation and a higher average milk yield through wk 18 of lactation compared with control cows (27.2 vs. 26.0 kg/d).
Modeling piperazine thermodynamics

Abstract A thermodynamic model in Aspen Plus ® was developed to predict properties of piperazine (PZ)/H 2 O and PZ/H 2 O/CO 2 . A sequential regression was performed to represent recently acquired loaded and unloaded heat capacity, CO 2 solubility, CO 2 activity coefficient, speciation, and unloaded and loaded amine volatility data. The resulting model is able to predict each of these properties over operationally significant loading and temperature ranges (0.20−0.40 mol CO 2 /mol alkalinity and 40 °C−160 °C). The predicted heat of absorption for 8 m PZ solution at 0.35 mol CO 2 /mol alkalinity between 40 °C and 160 °C was 65±4 kJ/mol CO 2 . The temperature dependence of the heat of absorption was predicted using three analytical methods, each of which predicted different trends but similar ranges between 40 °C and 160 °C. The sequential regression methodology has also been applied to methyl-diethanolamine (MDEA) and MDEA/PZ. Ultimately this thermodynamic model will be modified in Aspen Plus ® to predict kinetic and transport data as well, and the resulting model will be used to design and optimize a post-combustion absorption/stripping process.
Stable expression of human tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoforms by CHO cells

Abstract Objective: In human serum, type-5 tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) exists as two closely related isoforms: 5a and 5b. Serum isoform 5b is an osteoclast product that reflects bone resorption rate and is frequently increased in diseases of increased bone turnover. Isoform 5a protein is often increased in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) sera and may be a product of inflammatory macrophages. Our objective was to compare the biochemical characteristics of TRACP 5a and 5b. Methods: We transfected the human ACP 5 gene into CHO cells and cloned a stable cell line (CHO/TRACP 8F5) that expresses high levels of TRACP activity both intracellularly and as a secreted product. Both enzyme preparations were purified on an anti-TRACP antibody column. Their biochemical properties were compared to the natural serum isoforms using colorimetric assays for activity and total protein. Their structural properties were compared to natural serum isoforms using denaturing and nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results: Both enzyme preparations were heterogeneous. The combined secreted recombinant TRACPs (rTRACPex) had all the characteristics of natural serum TRACP 5a. There were seven uncleaved glycoproteins with a pH optimum of 5.2, relatively low specific activity (278 U/mg) and differentially sialylated. The combined intracellular TRACPs (rTRACPin) had all the characteristics of natural serum TRACP 5b. They consisted of two proteins, one of which was a processed heterodimer, with a pH optimum of 5.8, a relatively high specific activity (887 U/mg) and lacked sialic acid. Conclusion: This cell line provides an avenue for the simultaneous study of the regulation, function and intracellular trafficking of separate TRACP isoforms and the identification of their physiologic substrates in a single uniform cell source.
Atomic and electronic structure of liquid iron trichloride.

This letter describes the combined use of high-energy X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction to investigate the problem of the structure of liquid FeCl3. The results confirm the picture of liquid iron chloride consisting of closely packed Fe2Cl6 bitetrahedral molecules which have an atomic structure consistent with the electron diffraction results in the vapor. Comparison of the X-ray and neutron results at low Q suggests a paramagnetic moment about half that expected for a free Fe3+ ion, and confirms the picture suggested previously for topological and chemical short-range and intermediate-range order in the melt. Comparison of the X-ray diffraction data with molecular-dynamics results suggests a charge transfer intermediate between an atomic and fully ionic charge distribution, consistent with recent ab initio molecular orbital calculations.
Influence of isoproterenol on the left ventricular response to right ventricular extrastimuli.

Abstract Isoproterenol is often used during programmed extrastimulus testing to facilitate the induction of ventricular tachycardia (VT). 1 Although closely coupled extrastimuli are frequently required to induce VT, 2 isoproterenol has facilitated VT induction despite right ventricular (RV) response intervals not shorter than those that previously failed to induce VT. 1 However, the minimum coupling interval achieved at a site distant from the site of stimulation is limited by intraventricular conduction delay. 3,4 Because adrenergic stimulation shortens the recovery properties of ventricular myocardium, 5 isoproterenol may facilitate VT induction by shortening ventricular functional refractoriness, thus permitting closely coupled extrastimuli to penetrate distant sites more rapidly. Such a proposed mechanism may occur frequently because clinically important VT often originates in the left ventricle, while extrastimulus testing is usually limited to the right ventricle. Therefore, our purpose was to test the hypothesis that isoproterenol would reverse the delay in RV to left ventricular (LV) activation during RV extrastimulus testing.
Free radical chain reactions of ate complexes. Electron transfer processes 42

Iodide ion promotes the free radical reaction of isopropylmercury idide with bromotrichloromethane to yield isopropyl bromide with rate enhancement in the order of 104. The reaction involves electron transfer from i-PrHgI2− to the trichloromethyl radical in a long kinetic chain process. Iodide ion also promotes the free radical chain conjugate addition of tert-butylmercury chloride to α,β-unsaturated ketones, esters, phosphonate esters and sulfones. Competitive reactivity studies indicate that lithium di-tert-butylcuprates or tri-tert-butylzincates react with 2-cycloalkenones by a mechanism involving attack by tert-butyl radicals. No evidence for radical attack is observed for the corresponding n-butyl ate complexes of copper or zinc.
A multiplier rule on a metric space

A multiplier rule is proved for constrained minimization problems defined on a metric spaces. The proof requires a generalization of the values of a derivative in the classical case that the metric space is a normed space.