cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical effects of amifostine (Ethyol®) in patients treated with carboplatin

Amifostine is a compound that has been developed as a radio- and chemoprotectant. It is a prodrug, giving rise to the active thiol, WR-1065. Amifostine has been demonstrated to reduce the toxicity of ionising radiation, alkylating agents and platinum compounds. Preclinical studies have shown that amifostine can reduce the myelosuppression of carboplatin in a murine model tumour system without reducing the efficacy of therapy. In fact, in this model system, the antitumour effects of carboplatin against the OVCAR-3 cell line were actually greater with than without amifostine. Based on these preclinical studies, clinical trials of the combination of carboplatin and amifostine have been undertaken. A phase I trial of carboplatin and amifostine in pretreated patients demonstrated that two doses of amifostine 740 mg/m 2 /dose may be safely administered with carboplatin. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of carboplatin that could be administered with amifostine was 500 mg/m 2 , suggesting the hypothesis that amifostine increases the MTD of carboplatin from 400 to 500 mg/m 2 . To test this hypothesis, a randomised trial of carboplatin 500 mg/m 2 versus carboplatin 500 mg/m 2 plus two doses of amifostine 910 mg/m 2 /dose has been performed. Analysis of this trial is not complete, but initial results suggest a reduction of first-cycle thrombocytopenia, from a median platelet nadir value of 85 × 10 9 cells/l for carboplatin alone to 144 × 10 9 cells/l for the combination of carboplatin plus amifostine. Similarly, the median first-cycle granulocyte nadir was 1.6 × 10 9 cells/l without amifostine but 2.4 × 10 9 cells/l with the cytoprotectant. Neither of these first-cycle differences was statistically significant, but these effects are being maintained with repeated dosing, so that an increase in delivered cumulative carboplatin dose seems possible with the use of amifostine. These promising data indicate that continued studies of amifostine with carboplatin are justified and that the effects of amifostine on the thrombocytopenia produced by carboplatin-containing combination chemotherapy regimens should be investigated.
THE ROLE OF ERROR-CORRECTION PROCEDURES IN THE REINFORCEMENT OF ERRORS

In Study 1 three different error-correction procedures and a trial-and-error procedure were implemented in a Japanese word/phrase receptive identification task. Training procedures differed in the specific type of error that evoked error-correction feedback. Outcomes indicated that when the error-correction consequence was contingent on incorrect responses, incorrect responses predominated initially. When this feedback consequence followed no response, non-responding initially prevailed. Task mastery was achieved in fewer trials with error-correction procedures than with the no prompt/trial-and-error. However, post-mastery probes 1 week after mastery indicated retention was greater for participants in the trial-and-error training condition. These patterns indicated that the feedback prompt itself could be functioning as a positive reinforcer. Demonstration of this effect would have been more definitive had individual participants been exposed to each experimental condition, and the limited number of participants in the trial-and-error group weakened conclusions from Study 1. These outcomes necessitated procedural replication. The initial question remained unanswered: if feedback were delivered contingent on trainee request and not contingent on errors, how would this affect errors and retention? Study 2, with a prompt-request (‘Show me’) answered this question. Copyright # 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Geographic Distribution of Intensity and Frequency of Freeze-Thaw Cycles

The correlation of laboratory freeze-thaw tests to actual field exposure has long been an item of interest for those persons involved in evaluation of rock as an engineering and construction material. Attempts at using the laboratory freeze-thaw durability test to predict the serviceability or performance of rock as a building material often do not correlate with actual field experience. Part of this lack of correlation is attributable to inaccurate measurement and incomplete understanding of field exposure. This, in turn, implies that testing procedures do not accurately reflect the conditions of field exposure. The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the conditions and variables of field freeze-thaw exposure. It is only through a careful analysis of these variables and conditions that a more suitable laboratory test may be designed.
Design and performance of compressed interconnects for high performance servers

As microprocessors scale rapidly in frequency, the design of fast and efficient interconnects becomes extremely important for low latency data access and high performance. We evaluate a technique for reducing the interconnect width by exploiting the spatial and temporal locality in communication transfers (addresses & data). The width reduction implies a number of other advantages including higher operating frequency, reduced pin-count, lower chip & board cost, etc. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme by performing trace-driven simulations for two well-known commercial server workloads (SPECWeb99 and TPC-C). We also study the sensitivity of the compression hit ratio with respect to the number of bits compressed, size of the encoding/decoding table used and the replacement policy. The results indicate that the proposed technique has a potential to reduce address bus width in most cases and data bus widths in some cases while maintaining equal or better performance than in the uncompressed case.
Riparian forest buffers in agroecosystems - lessons learned from the Bear Creek Watershed, central Iowa, USA

Intensive agriculture can result in increased runoff of sediment and agricultural chemicals that pollute streams. Consensus is emerging that, despite our best efforts, it is unlikely that significant reductions in nutrient loading to surface waters will be achieved through traditional, in-field management alone. Riparian forest buffers can play an important role in the movement of water and NPS (non-point source) pollutants to surface water bodies and ground water. Riparian buffers are linear in nature and because of their position in the landscape provide effective connections between the upland and aquatic ecosystems. Present designs tend to use one model with a zone of unmanaged trees nearest the stream followed by a zone of managed trees with a zone of grasses adjacent to the crop field. Numerous variations of that design using trees, shrubs, native grasses and forbs or nonnative cool-season grasses may provide better function for riparian forest buffers in specific settings. Properly designed riparian buffers have been shown to effectively reduce surface NPS pollutant movement to streams and under the right geological riparian setting can also remove them from the groundwater. Flexibility in design can also be used to produce various market and nonmarket goods. Design flexibility should become more widely practiced in the application of this agroforestry practice.
PETROGRAPHIC AND STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSES OF LATE CLASSIC ULÚA MARBLE VASES AND POTENTIAL SOURCES

Ulua marble vases from the Ulua Valley of northwestern Honduras are a hallmark luxury good from Late Classic ( AD 600-900) Mesoamerica. Archaeological and stylistic data point to centralized production at one site, Travesia. This paper analyses stable isotope and petrographic data from the vases and three potential procurement areas. The results indicate that the vases were produced from one primary source with one, potentially two, secondary sources. Procurement patterns most probably corresponded to contemporary communication routes. The results clearly indicate that a multi-method approach is necessary for sourcing marble from Honduras.
The influence of geology and land use on arsenic in stream sediments and ground waters in New England, USA

Population statistics for As concentrations in rocks, sediments and ground water differ by geology and land use features in the New England region, USA. Significant sources of As in the surficial environment include both natural weathering of rocks and anthropogenic sources such as arsenical pesticides that were commonly applied to apple, blueberry and potato crops during the first half of the 20th century in the region. The variation of As in bedrock ground water wells has a strong positive correlation with geologic features at the geologic province, lithology group, and bedrock map unit levels. The variation of As in bedrock ground water wells also has a positive correlation with elevated stream sediment and rock As chemistry. Elevated As concentrations in bedrock wells do not correlate with past agricultural areas that used arsenical pesticides on crops. Stream sediments, which integrate both natural and anthropogenic sources, have a strong positive correlation of As concentrations with rock chemistry, geologic provinces and ground water chemistry, and a weaker positive correlation with past agricultural land use. Although correlation is not sufficient to demonstrate cause-and-effect, the statistics favor rock-based As as the dominant regional source of the element in stream sediments and ground water in New England. The distribution of bedrock geology features at the geologic province, lithology group and map unit level closely correlate with areas of elevated As in ground water, stream sediments, and rocks.
Mechanical and energetic consequences of reduced ankle plantar-flexion in human walking.

The human ankle produces a large burst of 'push-off' mechanical power late in the stance phase of walking, reduction of which leads to considerably poorer energy economy. It is, however, uncertain whether the energetic penalty results from poorer efficiency when the other leg joints substitute for the ankle's push-off work, or from a higher overall demand for work due to some fundamental feature of push-off. Here, we show that greater metabolic energy expenditure is indeed explained by a greater demand for work. This is predicted by a simple model of walking on pendulum-like legs, because proper push-off reduces collision losses from the leading leg. We tested this by experimentally restricting ankle push-off bilaterally in healthy adults (N=8) walking on a treadmill at 1.4 m s(-1), using ankle-foot orthoses with steel cables limiting motion. These produced up to ∼50% reduction in ankle push-off power and work, resulting in up to ∼50% greater net metabolic power expenditure to walk at the same speed. For each 1 J reduction in ankle work, we observed 0.6 J more dissipative collision work by the other leg, 1.3 J more positive work from the leg joints overall, and 3.94 J more metabolic energy expended. Loss of ankle push-off required more positive work elsewhere to maintain walking speed; this additional work was performed by the knee, apparently at reasonably high efficiency. Ankle push-off may contribute to walking economy by reducing dissipative collision losses and thus overall work demand.
Influence of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis on Elimination of Drugs

Renal failure delays elimination of many drugs thus prolonging their half lives. By knowing the half life and distribution volume, one can estimate total plasma clearance. When measured values have...
An Intelligent Tool for Process Redesign: Manufacturing Supply-Chain Applications

Manufacturing enterprises face intensive competitive pressures, and many firms are forced to redesign processes just to stay even with the competition. But process redesign is an expensive, time-consuming, and labor-intensive activity, and first-generation computer-based tools are inadequate for redesign today. Alternatively, knowledge-based systems and intelligent tools have the ability to address the key intellectual activities required for effective process redesign. The research described in this article addresses an intelligent redesign tool called KOPeR. The article describes the KOPeR design and implementation and highlights its use and mechanics in the context of a manufacturing supply-chain example. It then turns to application of KOPeR as a redesign tool in the field, through an “industrial-strength” reengineering engagement, to redesign major supply-chain processes. The field results reveal insights into the use, utility, and potential of this tool in procurement, manufacturing, and beyond. The article closes with a number of promising future directions for related research.
Seismogram Picking Error from Analyst Review (SPEAR): Single-Analyst and Institution Analysis

Abstract We perform two experiments to define and isolate errors associated with picking seismic phases (the process of naming and measuring the arrivals of seismic phases). The first experiment establishes a method and model to describe picking errors for a single analyst measuring arrivals recorded on short-period instruments. The analyst’s picks are constrained to earthquakes that had similar epicenters with stations at local to near-regional distances. We find that the main source of error for an individual analyst is the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measured using a wideband spectral ratio (WSR). The pick error is 0.1 sec for measurements made with a WSR greater than 10. In some cases, errors that occur with high WSR (>10) appear to result from the variability of the seismic signals, caused through magnitude or scaling differences and source specific differences. The second experiment confirms our hypothesis that institutions have approaches in measuring seismic arrivals that inherently cause the pick placement to differ from institute to institute. For the institute analysis, we use data collected from the International Seismological Center (ISC). The SNR is not reported in the ISC catalogs; however, we show that the distance from station to source is a factor that can define the error between picks made at different institutions. The error between picks increases with distance until the transition from regional phases to teleseismic (∼20–30°), where the error is decreased by over 50%. The error then begins to increase after 40°. Another factor of error may be that institutions name seismic phases differently. We also perform a one-way multivariate analysis of variance on the institutions and the pick information to show the institutions pick differently. Measurement differences between institutions are greater than measurement differences of a single analyst. The single-analyst measurement error can be defined as 0.1 sec for an experienced analyst picking local to regional phases on short-period instruments that have a WSR greater than 10. However, this precision level of measurement error is not valid when combining picks from multiple institutions. We need to define a new measurement error model for combining picks to establish velocity and earth models when merging data from multiple institutions; a seismic phase picking error model cannot be established from the current earthquake catalogs.
LG-07MOSAIC GENETIC PROGRESSION MODELS OF LOW GRADE PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS REVEAL UNIQUE FEATURES OF TUMOR EVOLUTION

The past decade has seen the identification of several mutations associated with low grade pediatric glioma—notably those to the v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF). Further, next generation sequencing has recently led to the discovery of a wide variety of recurrent somatic mutations associated with low grade gliomas as well as elucidating the landscape of genetic alterations in low and high grade glioma. We have employed a novel methodology, postnatal electroporation coupled with piggyBac transposition in order to rapidly interrogate the causality of these mutations in tumorigenesis. Introduction of somatic mutation to tumor cells lining the ventricular zone led to a characteristic hyperplasia denoted by dramatic overgrowth of mutant cells. However, the cells rapidly senesced. In the minority of cases, tumors transition into invasive high grade glioblastoma. Co-introduction of additional tumor suppressor targeting elements (shRNA against p16/p19, Trp53 shRNA) increased tumor grade. Here, we discuss findings from our functional investigations of these putative low grade driver mutations.
Age of donor and host in sex histo-incompatibility to skin isografts.

Summary1) Age, as a factor in immunological maturity of both donor and recipient, is presented as a possible controlling factor in acceptance or rejection of skin isotransplants in the inbred A strain of mice. 2) The age factor does not play a significant role in skin isotransplants of the inbred C57Bl (subline 1) strain. 3) A sex histo-incompatibility exists in inbred mice of the NH and Ce strains.
Effectiveness of Public Health Quality Improvement Training Approaches: Application, Application, Application

Context Quality improvement (QI) has been identified as a key strategy to improve the performance of state and local public health agencies. Quality improvement training effectiveness has received little attention in the literature. Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of 3 QI training types: webinars, workshops, and demonstration site activities on improving participant knowledge, skill, and ability to conduct QI through a questionnaire conducted after training participation. Design We used a natural experimental design hypothesizing that demonstration site participants would have the greatest gains on outcomes of interest compared with webinar and workshop participants. Bivariate and multivariate models were used to examine outcome differences between questionnaire respondents who participated in various training types. Participants Local health department employees who participated in the 3 training strategies. Main outcome measures Measures included knowledge and skill gain, skill application, QI receptivity, and ability to successfully participate in a QI project. Results Two hundred eighty-four unique individuals who work in 143 health departments completed the questionnaire for a 59% response rate. The majority of these health departments serve midsize populations. Demonstration site respondents had significantly greater gains in knowledge and skills, skill application, and ability to successfully participate in a QI project. Webcast training participants had significantly higher QI receptivity in adjusted models. Respondents who participated in both webcast and demonstration site trainings had higher mean scores on all outcomes when compared with demonstration site single training participants, these differences were significant in unadjusted models. Conclusion Our findings suggest that QI training for public health agency employees should include both didactic training on QI content and opportunities for QI application. Future research should examine if this approach can effectively increase successful participation in QI projects for staff in LHDs of all sizes.
Change in Forearm Curvature Throughout the Summer in Female Big Brown Bats

Female Eptesicus fuscus , sampled biweekly from an attic roost in Byron, Shiawassee Co., Michigan, from 25 April through 26 September 1990, were aged, weighed, sexed, and photographed with left wing extended. From photographs, the following measurements were taken: length of forearm, distance from elbow to point of maximum radius curvature, displacement of radius at that point, width of wing at digit V, and length of wing tip. A significant curvilinear relationship was found over time for maximal curvature displacement of the radius. Forearm curvature decreases throughout pregnancy and most of lactation, and then increases until summer-roost abandonment. This arrangement may increase foraging efficiency by improving lift and maneuverability, and offset increased wing loading.
Case Report: ECG Abnormalities in Myoglobinuria: Review of the Literature

Reports of electrocardiographic abnormalities in association with myoglobinuria have been sparse and have included conduction disturbances, ST segment shifts, and T-wave changes. In many instances, these changes were noted in patients with underlying heart disease. We report a case of a 34-year-old woman with ST segment depression and T-wave inversion in the inferolateral leads during the acute episode of myoglobinuria. There was no demonstrable underlying heart disease, and there was parallel resolution of these ECG changes with myoglobinuria. We conclude that these ECG changes were produced by cardiac muscle involvement in a manner similar to that observed in skeletal muscle in myoglobinuria.
Cell Cycle Regulation During Viral Infection

To replicate their genomes in cells and generate new progeny, viruses typically require factors provided by the cells that they have infected. Subversion of the cellular machinery that controls replication of the infected host cell is a common activity of many viruses. Viruses employ different strategies to deregulate cell cycle checkpoint controls and modulate cell proliferation pathways. A number of DNA and RNA viruses encode proteins that target critical cell cycle regulators to achieve cellular conditions that are beneficial for viral replication. Many DNA viruses induce quiescent cells to enter the cell cycle; this is thought to increase pools of deoxynucleotides and thus, facilitate viral replication. In contrast, some viruses can arrest cells in a particular phase of the cell cycle that is favorable for replication of the specific virus. Cell cycle arrest may inhibit early cell death of infected cells, allow the cells to evade immune defenses, or help promote virus assembly. Although beneficial for the viral life cycle, virus-mediated alterations in normal cell cycle control mechanisms could have detrimental effects on cellular physiology and may ultimately contribute to pathologies associated with the viral infection, including cell transformation and cancer progression and maintenance. In this chapter, we summarize various strategies employed by DNA and RNA viruses to modulate the replication cycle of the virus-infected cell. When known, we describe how these virus-associated effects influence replication of the virus and contribute to diseases associated with infection by that specific virus.
Tensor based geology preserving reservoir parameterization with Higher Order Singular Value Decomposition (HOSVD)

Parameter estimation through robust parameterization techniques has been addressed in many works associated with history matching and inverse problems. Reservoir models are in general complex, nonlinear, and large-scale with respect to the large number of states and unknown parameters. Thus, having a practical approach to replace the original set of highly correlated unknown parameters with non-correlated set of lower dimensionality, that captures the most significant features comparing to the original set, is of high importance. Furthermore, de-correlating system's parameters while keeping the geological description intact is critical to control the ill-posedness nature of such problems. We introduce the advantages of a new low dimensional parameterization approach for reservoir characterization applications utilizing multilinear algebra based techniques like higher order singular value decomposition (HOSVD). In tensor based approaches like HOSVD, 2D permeability images are treated as they are, i.e., the data structure is kept as it is, whereas in conventional dimensionality reduction algorithms like SVD data has to be vectorized. Hence, compared to classical methods, higher redundancy reduction with less information loss can be achieved through decreasing present redundancies in all dimensions. In other words, HOSVD approximation results in a better compact data representation with respect to least square sense and geological consistency in comparison with classical algorithms. We examined the performance of the proposed parameterization technique against SVD approach on the SPE10 benchmark reservoir model as well as synthetic channelized permeability maps to demonstrate the capability of the proposed method. Moreover, to acquire statistical consistency, we repeat all experiments for a set of 1000 unknown geological samples and provide comparison using RMSE analysis. Results prove that, for a fixed compression ratio, the performance of the proposed approach outperforms that of conventional methods perceptually and in terms of least square measure. HighlightsIntroduced new permeability parameterization using High Order Singular Value Decomposition (HOSVD).HOSVD yield reduced computational time as compared to classical SVD based on the same compression ratio.The new methodology improves geological description by capturing all important features (spatial) as compared to SVD methods.The HOSVD method is general for any type of reservoir parameter.HOSVD can be applied in the optimization under the uncertainty paradigm.
When the library becomes the largest computer lab on campus: Supporting productivity software in an academic environment

Dans le cadre de la renovation et de l'expansion de leurs bâtiments, les bibliotheques de la Central Michigan University ont decide de doter toutes leurs stations de travail publiques de traitements de texte, de tableurs, d'outils de presentation, d'acces a l'internet, de graveurs de CD et de lecteurs DVD, tout en offrant une assistance pour le maniement de ces logiciels, avec l'aide d'etudiants experimentes. Le succes de ce type de plan de soutien technique et logiciel repose sur les precautions suivantes : engager des etudiants possedant des competences technologiques aussi bien qu'humaines ; placer le bureau des services d'assistance en un lieu tres visible ; etre flexible et savoir experimenter.
Minimum-energy multicast in mobile ad hoc networks using network coding

The minimum energy required to transmit one bit of information through a network characterizes the most economical way to communicate in a network. In this paper, we show that, under a layered model of wireless networks, the minimum energy-per-bit for multicasting in a mobile ad hoc network can be found by a linear program; the minimum energy-per-bit can be attained by performing network coding. Compared with conventional routing solutions, network coding not only allows a potentially lower energy-per-bit to be achieved, but also enables the optimal solution to be found in polynomial time, in sharp contrast with the NP-hardness of constructing the minimum-energy multicast tree as the optimal routing solution. We further show that the minimum energy multicast formulation is equivalent to a cost minimization with linear edge-based pricing, where the edge prices are the energy-per-bits of the corresponding physical broadcast links. This paper also investigates minimum energy multicasting with routing. Due to the linearity of the pricing scheme, the minimum energy-per-bit for routing is achievable by using a single distribution tree. A characterization of the admissible rate region for routing with a single tree is presented. The minimum energy-per-bit for multicasting with routing is found by an integer linear program. We show that the relaxation of this integer linear program, studied earlier in the Steiner tree literature, can now be interpreted as the optimization for minimum energy multicasting with network coding. In short, this paper presents a unifying study of minimum energy multicasting with network coding and routing.
Inhibition of Thrombin Cleavage of Factor VIII by Fibrinogen γ' Chain Carboxyl Terminus.

Fibrinogen can contain two types of γ chains, γA and γ’, that have identical sequences for the first 407 amino acids, but differ at their carboxyl termini. The γA chain contains four amino acids from γA 408–411, whereas the γ’ chain contains a different, highly anionic sequence of twenty amino acids from γ’ 408–427. This small change results in profound differences in the fibrinogen isoforms containing these distinct chains. The γ’ chain contains high affinity binding sites for zymogen factor XIII and for thrombin, and fibrinogen containing γ’ chains forms fibrin clots that are resistant to fibrinolysis. We have shown previously that the fibrinogen γ’ chain carboxyl terminus binds to thrombin exosite II, an anion-binding exosite known for its heparin binding activity. Recent reports show that the presence of the γ’ chain in fibrinogen reduces prothrombin activation in whole plasma assays. This inhibition may correspond to an activity originally described by Seegers in 1945 as “antithrombin I”, the adsorption of thrombin to fibrin. We have therefore investigated the enzymatic effects of γ’ peptide binding to thrombin in order to determine the role of the γ’ chain in the inhibition of prothrombin activation. In whole plasma, the γ’410–427 peptide prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) in a dose-dependent manner, causing a delay in clotting from 29 seconds to 47 seconds at a concentration of 500 μM. A scrambled control peptide at the same concentration had little effect, increasing the clotting time to only 31.4 seconds. A series of γ’ deletion peptides were tested for their ability to prolong the aPTT. The inhibitory effect of the peptides corresponded in rank order to their thrombin binding affinity. In contrast to the aPTT, the prothrombin time increased only slightly from 11.7 seconds to 12.8 seconds (INR from 1.04 to 1.14) with the γ’410–427 peptide. This suggested that the γ’ peptide exerted its inhibitory effect on (a) component(s) of the intrinsic pathway, rather than the extrinsic pathway. We therefore investigated the effect of the γ’ peptide on thrombin activation of factor VIII, a thrombin substrate that, unlike factor V, is unique to the intrinsic pathway. Using purified factor VIII and thrombin in vitro , we showed that the γ’ peptide inhibited thrombin cleavage of factor VIII. However, this inhibitory effect was not due to direct inhibition of the thrombin active site, since the free γ’ peptide had little effect on thrombin cleavage of a small peptidyl substrate, tosyl-glycyl-prolyl-arginine-4-nitranilide acetate. These results suggest that factor VIII interactions with thrombin exosite II are essential for efficient cleavage of factor VIII, and support recent findings by others that interactions between thrombin exosite II and the A2 domain of factor VIII facilitate thrombin-catalyzed cleavage. These findings may explain, at least in part, the inhibitory effect of the γ’ chain on prothrombin activation in plasma.
Person‐specific versus multilevel autoregressive models: Accuracy in parameter estimates at the population and individual levels

This paper compares the multilevel modelling (MLM) approach and the person-specific (PS) modelling approach in examining autoregressive (AR) relations with intensive longitudinal data. Two simulation studies are conducted to examine the influences of sample heterogeneity, time series length, sample size, and distribution of individual level AR coefficients on the accuracy of AR estimates, both at the population level and at the individual level. It is found that MLM generally outperforms the PS approach under two conditions: when the sample has a homogeneous AR pattern, namely, when all individuals in the sample are characterized by AR processes with the same order; and when the sample has heterogeneous AR patterns, but a multilevel model with a sufficiently high order (i.e., an order equal to or higher than the maximum order of individual AR patterns in the sample) is fitted and successfully converges. If a lower-order multilevel model is chosen for heterogeneous samples, the higher-order lagged effects are misrepresented, resulting in bias at the population level and larger prediction errors at the individual level. In these cases, the PS approach is preferable, given sufficient measurement occasions (T ≥ 50). In addition, sample size and distribution of individual level AR coefficients do not have a large impact on the results. Implications of these findings on model selection and research design are discussed.
Normative Source and Extensional Adequacy

Internalists about practical reasons maintain that all of an agent’s reasons for action derive their normative force via some relation in which they stand with that agent’s pro-attitudes, or the pro-attitudes that the agent would have in some idealized set of circumstances. One common complaint against internalism is that the view is extensionally inadequate – that it cannot render the correct verdicts about what reasons agents have in a range of important cases. In this paper, I examine that charge of extensional inadequacy, taking as my starting point an argument that Derek Parfit has recently leveled against internalism. Through a close evaluation of that argument and potential replies to it, I attempt to show that internalists cannot accommodate important pre-theoretical intuitions about what reasons we have. However, I also argue that Parfit’s case is importantly overstated; I set out to show that his argument cannot establish, as he thinks it does, that no reasons derive their normative force in the way that internalists believe that all do. In doing so, I draw attention to the possibility of a hybrid position about practical reasons that, surprisingly, receives little attention in the existing literature. If the arguments of the paper succeed, I will have established a modest theoretical advantage for hybridism over internalism – namely, that it is not vulnerable to the charge of extensional inadequacy. My hope is that this goes some way toward establishing hybridism’s credentials as a serious alternative to its “pure” competitors.
A Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) with Trading Constraints and Price Bubbles

This paper derives an equilibrium capital asset pricing model (CAPM) in a market with trading constraints and asset price bubbles. The asset price processes are general semimartingales including Markov jump-diffusion processes as special cases, and the trading constraints considered include short sale restrictions, borrowing constraints, and margin requirements, among others. We derive a generalized intertertemporal CAPM and consumption CAPM for these markets. The implications for empirical testing are that additional systematic risk factors will exist in a market with trading constraints and price bubbles as contrasted with an otherwise equivalent unconstrained market with no price bubbles.
Left or Right: Auditory Collision Warnings for Driving Assistance Systems:

Assistance driving systems aim to facilitate human behavior and increase safety on the road. These systems comprise common systems such as forward collision warning systems, lane deviation warning ...
Deterministic Global Optimization for Protein Structure Prediction

Deterministic global optimization plays an essential role in the solution of many difficult problems with applications ranging from economics and operations research to computational chemistry and molecular biology. In this chapter we explore the application of deterministic global optimization approaches to problems related to protein structure prediction. Due to the complex nature of protein interactions, energy landscapes which model these systems display huge numbers of local minima often separated by high energy barriers. Since the number of local minima is vast, the corresponding formulation has earned the simple yet suggestive title of “multiple-minima” problem. Based on the complexity of the energy hypersurface, there is an obvious need for the development of effective global optimization techniques. In this work, we have focused on the development of such global optimization methods through the foundations of the αBB deterministic global optimization approach.
A Mobile Music Environment Using a PD Compiler and Wireless Sensors

We describe a framework for a wireless sensor-based mobile music environment. Most prior work in this area has not been truly portable, or has been limited to simple tempo modification or selection of pre-recorded songs. The exceptions generally focused on external data rather than dynamic properties and states of the listener. Our system exploits a short-range wireless sensor network (using the ZigBee protocol and inertial sensors) and a compiler for PureData, a graphical music processing language. We demonstrate the system in an interactive exercise application running on a Nokia N800.
Applying human computation methods to information science

Human Computation methods such as crowdsourcing and games with a purpose (GWAP) have each recently drawn considerable attention for their ability to synergize the strengths of people and technology to accomplish tasks that are challenging for either to do well alone. Despite this increased attention, much of this transformation has been focused on a few selected areas of information science. This thesis contributes to the field of human computation as it applies to areas of information science, particularly information retrieval (IR). We begin by discussing the merits and limitations of applying crowdsourcing and game-based approaches to information science. We then develop a framework that examines the value of using crowdsourcing and game mechanisms to each step of an IR model. We identify three areas of the IR model that our framework indicates are likely to benefit from the application of human computation methods: acronym identification and resolution, relevance assessment, and query formulation. We conduct experiments that employ human computation methods, evaluate the benefits of these methods and report our findings. We conclude that employing human computation methods such as crowdsourcing and games, can improve the accuracy of many tasks currently being done by machine methods alone. We demonstrate that the best results can be achieved when human computation methods augment computer-based IR processes, providing an extra level of skills, abilities, and knowledge that computers cannot easily replicate.
Cellular Aging / Replicative Senescence

Most normal cells do not divide indefinitely. This intrinsic limit to the capacity for cell division is due to a process known as cellular or replicative senescence. Replicative senescence may be a very primitive phenotype, because it has been documented in some very simple single-celled eukaryotes such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In higher eukaryotes, particularly in mammals, cells from many renewable tissues have been shown to undergo replicative senescence. Only a few cell types do not senesce after a finite number of cell divisions. These exceptions are the cells that give rise to the germ line, many tumor cells, and early embryonic (and possibly some adult) stem cells. In higher eukaryotes, replicative senescence is thought to be a powerful tumor suppressive mechanism and contribute to organismic aging. The cellular and molecular causes and consequences of replicative senescence have been discussed in many recent reviews, of which a few are listed here (Stanulis-Praeger 1987; Jazwinski 1993; Cristofalo & Pignolo 1993; Campisi et al. 1996; Campisi 1997).
Current Inmate Expected Post-Release Needs and Perceived Barriers to Future Voluntary After-Care Program Attendance

When attendance in after-care programs that may help ex-offenders successfully reenter society is not a mandated condition of prison release, getting individuals to voluntarily attend these program...
Promoting Physical Activity Behavior: Interventions and Mediators

In spite of the well-documented benefits of regular physical activity, participation rates have either remained stagnant at alarmingly low levels, or have declined. Most recent estimates suggest that relatively few adults engage in regular leisure-time activity at sufficient levels to reach public health guidelines. Additionally, there is a consistent decline in activity levels with age. In this chapter, we begin with a brief overview of the physical and psychological health benefits that have been reliably associated with regular physical activity. We then provide an overview of the main findings derived from several different approaches to influencing physical activity and include detail on some exemplar studies. Where meta-analytic data are available, we report overall effect sizes determined across studies. We then provide a brief summary of what is known in terms of the theoretical mediators of physical activity, intervention approaches reviewed, and conclude by highlighting important targets for future research.
Study on the fault ride through critical elements and coordinated control of DFIG's converters

The increasing of large-scale wind power integration capacity brings great challenges to the safe operation and management of power grid. Modern grid codes put forward the requirements of fault ride through (FRT) capability: (i) to remain continuous operation at a given time; (ii) to contribute to support the voltage stability during FRT by providing reactive current. Aiming at the FRT problem of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), critical elements of the rotor side converter (RSC) and the grid side converter (GSC) to FRT are analysed, and the improving RSC control scheme, adding extra hardware equipment, and improving reactive current control scheme are studied. Matlab/Simulink simulation studies are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategies. The results show that when the grid fault is light, the improving RSC control strategy can effectively control the rotor winding overcurrent, when the grid fault is serious, it needs additional hardware equipment; the coordinated control strategy of the RSC and the GSC providing reactive current support is identified as the most advantageous approach because it not only provides enhanced reactive support for the grid, but also avoids over-speed risk of DFIG based wind turbine shaft.
Sustaining Ambulatory Comprehensive Medication Management Practices: Perspectives from a Minnesota Pharmacist Collaborative.

INTRODUCTION: In a time of evolving health care landscapes, pharmacists who provide comprehensive medication management (CMM) need to demonstrate financial and quality value to sustain their practi...
Regulation of protein expression by transforming growth factor beta and other growth modulators

76 INTRODUCTION 78 MATERIALS AND METHODS 80 RESULTS 83 DISCUSSION 105 REFERENCES 113 GENERAL CONCLUSION 117 LITERATURE CITED ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Delayed primary retention suture for inset of vascularized submental lymph node flap for lower extremity lymphedema.

Background Vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) has become one of the effective surgical treatments for extremity lymphedema. This study was to evaluate the re-exploration and total complication rates of VLNT for lower extremity lymphedema between two different flap inset techniques. Methods Sixty-nine patients who underwent 74 submental VLNT transfers between 2008 and 2018 were retrospectively studied. Fifty-six flaps were inset using a new delayed primary retention suture (DPRS) technique and other 18 flaps using conventional interrupted sutures as the non-DPRS group. Results The overall flap success rate was 100%. The DPRS group was released at a mean of 1.7 ± 0.7 times and took a mean of 10.3 ± 3.3 days for wound closure. There were no statistical differences in demographics, mean symptom duration, and mean Cheng's Lymphedema Grading between two groups. Mean frequency of cellulitis of 2.5 ± 1.5 times/year in non-DPRS group was significantly greater than 1.4 ± 1.6 times/year in DPRS group (P = .01). The re-exploration and total complication rates were 5.4% and 7.1% in DPRS group, and 27.8% and 33.3% in non-DPRS group, respectively (P = .02 and .02, respectively). Conclusions The DPRS technique is a safe, simple, and reliable method for insetting the submental VLNT, which statistically decreased the re-exploration and total complication rates.
Does Acute Improvement in Muscle Recovery with Curcumin Supplementation Translate to Long-Term Training?

Dietary polyphenols, such as curcumin, green tea catechins, and pomegranate extract, may have the ability to enhance the effectiveness of long-term training programs by managing training-induced inflammation. Enhanced recovery may translate to increased capacity to train and perform more effectively. The dietary polyphenol curcumin has been reported to block the action of COX-2 and NF-kB signaling and would allow for increased capacity to train leading to heightened adaptations and the potential for ergogenic outcomes. These actions are very similar to the targeted actions of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but without the side-effects of NSAIDs. This review will compare and contrast the known effects of curcumin and identify common design elements between existing studies. Through this critical review of the existing literature it is our goal to establish a set of best practices that could be applied to an athletic population that is interested in using oral curcumin supplementation as a recovery agent.
Pathogen versus microbiome causation in the holobiont

In their paper “How Causal are Microbiomes? A Comparison with the Helicobacter pylori Explanation of Ulcers,” Lynch, Parke, and O’Malley successfully argue that certain causal attributions made to the microbiome have not satisfied Koch’s postulates nor the interventionist framework. However, their argument involves an implicit assumption that cases such as H. pylori are sufficiently similar to cases involving the microbiome, such that causal attributions to both should be evaluated according to the same causal framework. Our commentary targets this assumption. First, we introduce the historical circumstances that led to the formulation of Koch’s postulates in order to differentiate the case of the microbiome from that of infectious bacteria. Then, we introduce the concept of the holobiont, the idea that hosts and their symbionts should be conceptualized as a metaphysical and biological unit. Finally, using the holobiont concept, we argue that Koch’s postulates and the interventionist framework are ill-equipped to handle the microbiome. We conclude by suggesting that a revision of what counts as microbiological causality within the holobiont is justified.
The Futurist Files: Avant-Garde, Politics, and Ideology in Russia, 1905–1930: Iva Glisic, DeKalb, Northern Illinois University Press, 2018, 218 pp., $39, (Paperback), ISBN 9780875807904

Iva Glisic’s The Futurist Files: Avant-Garde, Politics, and Ideology in Russia, 1905–1930 explores the vanguard faction of artists, writers, and theorists united in engendering a new sociopolitical...
Parental Cancer-related Information Seeking, Health Communication and Satisfaction with Medical Providers of Childhood Cancer Survivors: Differences by Race/Ethnicity and Language Preference.

For childhood cancer survivors (CCS), parents play an important role in communicating with providers and conveying patient’s needs. This exploratory study examined the prevalence of cancer-related ...
Functions of Language Use and Raciolinguistic Ideologies in Students' Interactions.

This qualitative case study investigates the functions of language use and underlying raciolinguistic ideologies in interactions between Latinx emergent bilinguals who are Spanish native speakers a...
Combining Experimental Isotherms, Minimalistic Simulations, and a Model to Understand and Predict Chemical Adsorption onto Montmorillonite Clays.

by Asuka A. Orr, Meichen Wang, Burcu Beykal, Hari S. Ganesh, Sara E. Hearon, Efstratios N. Pistikopoulos, Timothy D. Phillips and Phanourios Tamamis
Urban Secondary School Administrators and Faculty Perceptions of Multitiered System of Supports/Response to Intervention:

MTSS promises a school-wide early warning system, high-quality instruction, and evidence-based interventions. However, research has focused mainly on the elementary level. This study examined the b...