cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the immunologic and physiologic responses of normal and allergic individuals.

Abstract A comparison of the immunologic response of allergic and normal individuals to dextran and SVII polysaccharide revealed no differences between the groups in respect to precipitin antibody or skin reactivity produced to these antigens. Both groups gave similar skin reactions when tested with histamine, serotonin, and Compound 4880.
Analgesia in Amphibians: Preclinical Studies and Clinical Applications

Preclinical and clinical studies of analgesia in amphibians are extremely limited. Almost all preclinical studies were done using Rana pipiens and the acetic acid test while the greatest clinical need is for treatment of Xenopus laevis with post-operative analgesics after harvesting of oocytes in academic research settings.72 There are also a number of zoos and herpetological collections that may also benefit from clinical information in recognizing and treating potential pain states in amphibians. Besides the inherent need of pain and analgesia studies in amphibians to guide the clinical treatment of these zoological companion animals, preclinical research using non-mammalian models has yielded a surprising wealth of information on the vertebrate evolution of endogenous opioid peptides78–80 and opioid receptor systems.81–84 There is a great need for further research that can be realized by increased awareness and funding of amphibian models by alternative animal model foundations, increased preclinical and clinical research using Xenopus species, and increased involvement of exotic companion animal veterinarians in the research process.
Winter Circulation in the Western Gulf of Maine: Part 2. Current and Pressure Observations

Abstract The wintertime circulation in the western Gulf of Maine has been studied with a moored current, temperature and pressure array which was deployed from November 1974 to January 1975. These observations have been interpreted with three additional data sets: coastal sea level records, Portland Lightship meteorological data, and offshore hydrographic transect data which describe the evolution of the density field on weekly time scales. The observed mean currents are consistent with the idea of a cyclonic Gulf of Maine gyre. The subtidal current fluctuations were coherent in the vertical at each mooring but incoherent between the moorings which were separated by about 50 km in both the alongshore and offshore direction. Furthermore, the currents showed only weak coherence with the winds. The pressure field was highly coherent over the whole Gulf of Maine. Therefore, estimates of the pressure gradient vector inside and outside the 100 m isobath were made using coastal subsurface and bottom pressure rec...
Convergence of Belief Propagation Algorithms on Binary Pairwise Gibbs Random Fields

Abstract In this paper, we study the convergence of belief propagation algorithms (BPAs) on binary pairwise Gibbs random fields (BP-GRFs). Exploiting the equivalence of BPA on the graph associated with BP-GRF and the corresponding computation tree, we first express each BPA message from a node to its parent (on the computation tree) as a function of the messages from its descendants (on the computation tree) at a certain distance. Then, we introduce the notion of a message range by restricting message functions to appropriate domains that correspond to arbitrary initialization of the BPA. We show that message ranges contract at each BPA iteration and characterize the asymptotic behavior of BPA messages on BP-GRF graphs. For a special but important class of BP-GRFs, we are able to derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the BPAs to converge. This should be contrasted with existing methods which typically provide sufficient conditions for convergence (but may not impose any restrictions on the BP-GRFs). We have experimentally shown that these necessary and sufficient conditions can be checked with low computational complexity and, hence, can be applied to large graphs.
Advances in biology of the human dental pulp

Abstract Some recent advances in pulp biology, in the areas of newer restorative materials, pulp-capping agents, and pulp-testing procedures, are summarized. The review is not all-inclusive but is suggestive of the areas in which research may lead to greater understanding of the biology of the dental pulp.
Developmental patterns of intermediate filament gene expression in the normal hamster brain.

Abstract We have examined the patterns of expression of the major intermediate filament (IF) protein mRNAs during development of the hamster brain. Quantitative northern blotting was used to examine changes in the levels of mRNAs for the low, middle and high molecular weight neurofilament proteins (NF-L, NF-M, NF-H) as well as peripherin, vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Total RNA was isolated from hamster brains at embryonic (E) days 12 and 14 and postnatal (P) days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 20, 28 and 60–90 (adult), and probed with specific IF cDNAs. Northern blotting revealed that NF-L and NF-M mRNAs were present at very low levels in embryonic brain and that significant expression of these genes only occurred postnatally when the levels increased dramatically until P28 and then declined again in the adult. Increases in NF-H mRNA levels were somewhat delayed relative to those of NF-L and NF-M. NF-H mRNA was not seen at embryonic stages and was expressed at very low levels prior to P9; after that time the levels increased rapidly until P28 and then declined in the adult. Two of the type III IF genes, peripherin and vimentin, followed a pattern of expression opposite that of the NF genes. Both peripherin and vimentin mRNAs were present in embryonic brain and were expressed at higher levels during early postnatal stages than at later times. The magnitude and rate of reduction in vimentin gene expression in the postnatal interval was much greater than that of peripherin. GFAP mRNA levels were extremely low prior to P9 alter which a robust increase occurred, followed by a decline in the adult. We discuss the implication of the dramatic changes in IF isotype expression in brain to the pathways of both neuronal and glial development in vivo.
Toward Artificial Developmental Regulators

A polyamide-peptide conjugate is designed which recruits sequence specifically the developmental regulator Exd to a cognate DNA site. In particular, an eight-ring hairpin polyamide (Im-Im-Py(C3H6NHR)-Py-gamma-Im-Py-Py-Py-beta-Dp) with a heptapeptide (R = Ac-Phe-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Met-Lys-Gly-) attached on a central ring was shown to induce cooperative binding of the Drosophila Hox protein cofactor Exd with a Kd of 4.4 nM in vitro, an order of magnitude more efficient than the natural Hox protein partner Ubx. The conjugate joins two sequence specific domains, one for DNA and one for the protein. This small molecule thus serves as a cooperative protein-DNA dimerizer, which mimics the natural Hox family of developmental regulators.
Magnetomechanical effect in nickel and cobalt

The change in magnetization as a result of applied uniaxial stress has been measured in nickel and cobalt. Both tensile and compressive stresses were applied up to 125 MPa. Magnetostriction and anhysteretic magnetization as a function of stress were also measured. The change in magnetization with stress depended on the applied stress and the displacement between the prevailing magnetization and anhysteretic. At the loop tips, nickel showed a +6 mT (compression) and −6 mT (tension) magnetization change while cobalt displayed a +15 mT (compression) and −15 mT (tension) magnetization change. At remanence, nickel decreased in magnetization by 45 mT under either sign of stress, while cobalt decreased by 20 mT also under either sign of stress. Magnetomechanical changes in magnetization near the loop tips were mostly reversible, while at remanence the magnetomechanical change was predominately irreversible. Cobalt generally displayed larger changes in magnetization with stress than nickel at locations close to t...
Native American Mascots in Contemporary Higher Education: Part 1: Politically Acceptable or Ethnically Objectionable?

The battle of the Little Big Horn in 1876 was one of the last great wars fought by Native Americans on a grassy battlefield. The battle was fought over territory and the right to live in the Dakota and Montana territories. The Native Americans won the battle of Little Big Horn but eventually lost the war and were forced to live on a reservation away from their homeland. Today another great battle involving Native Americans is taking place, not on a grassy plain somewhere out West, but in courtrooms, classrooms, and tribal meetings across the country. The battle is over the use of historical Native American images and traditions as mascots and nicknames of higher education institutions. The research reported in this paper identified seven institutions of higher learning (not a complete list) which have abolished the use of Native American mascots on their campuses. Although these seven schools do not include a community college, much food for thought is presented for the benefit of community college educat...
Fraction Collector Using Ultrasonic Technique

A fraction collector using an ultrasonic method to volumetrically sample small quantities of liquid is described in detail. The machine is designed around the parameters of studying the enterohepatic circulation of bile in the intact animal but may be used in the study of other body fluids.
Bronchoscopy in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Histoplasmosis

Although histoplasmosis is the most common fungal infection of the lungs in the United States, there are no reports evaluating the efficacy of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of this disease. We reviewed all cases of histoplasmosis diagnosed at our institution from 1972 to 1987. Of 469 patients, 71 underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy and had culture/histologic proof of histoplasmosis established by fiberoptic bronchoscopy or other means. A diagnosis of pulmonary histoplasmosis could be made without thoracotomy in only 27. Among those not requiring thoracotomy, diagnosis of pulmonary histoplasmosis was confirmed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy and cultures of sputum, gastric washings, blood, bone marrow, and urine. In this subgroup, fiberoptic bronchoscopy was the only positive diagnostic method in eight of 27 patients. We conclude that fiberoptic bronchoscopy is a useful adjunct to other noninvasive measures yielding diagnostic material in most cases, except for solitary pulmonary nodule where it is rarely helpful.
Transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate. A clinical morphological study.

Transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate developed in 6 patients without an antecedent history of a vesical malignant lesion or a coexisting bladder tumor. The diagnosis was established late in the disease and treatment with radiotherapy did not appear to improve survival. In 14 other patients, prostatic lesions were noted either at the time of treatment for a noncontiguous bladder lesion (10 patients) or asynchronously in patients with previous bladder malignancies (4 patients). Conservative treatment is advocated if the lesions are confined to the ductal epithelium. Radical treatment using either radiotherapy, surgical extirpation, or a combination of both is indicated when stroma invasion is documented. Careful histologic examination of the tissue from these 20 patients suggests that in both groups of patients the lesions began as carcinoma in situ in the prostatic ductal epithelium with subsequent breakthrough into the prostatic stoma.
Rhinovirus and the lower respiratory tract

Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are well-recognised causes of common colds and associated upper respiratory tract complications such as sinusitis and otitis media. This article reviews information linking HRV infection to illness in the lower respiratory tract. HRVs are capable of efficient replication in vitro at temperatures present in the tracheobronchial tree and have been shown to cause productive infection, elaboration of cytokines and chemokines, and up-regulation of cell surface markers in human bronchial epithelial cells. In situ hybridisation studies have proven that HRV infection occurs in the tracheobronchial tree following experimental infection. Clinical studies report that HRV infection is the second most frequently recognised agent associated with pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and young children and commonly causes exacerbations of pre-existing airways disease in those with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cystic fibrosis. HRV infection is associated with one-third to one-half of asthma exacerbations depending on age and is linked to asthma hospitalisations in both adults and children. Limited information implicates HRV infection as a cause of severe lower respiratory tract illness in older adults and in highly immunocompromised hosts, particularly bone marrow transplant recipients. More information is needed about the pathogenesis of HRV infection with regard to lower respiratory tract complications in these diverse patient groups. Given the large unmet medical need associated with HRV infections, safe and effective antiviral agents are needed for both prevention and treatment of these infections.
Perivitelline space of mammalian oocytes: Extracellular matrix of unfertilized oocytes and formation of a cortical granule envelope following fertilization

Extracellular matrices (ECM) present around unfertilized and fertilized mammalian oocytes were studied ultrastructurally in samples prepared in the presence of ruthenium red to facilitate stabilization of extracellular materials. Unfertilized mouse, hamster, and human oocytes have an ECM comprising granules and filaments in their perivitelline spaces (PVS). This matrix is more abundant in the human than in hamsters and mice. The granule/filament matrix appears identical to the matrix seen between cumulus and corona radiata cells following ruthenium red processing and previously shown to comprise protein and hyaluronic acid. By including ruthenium red during fixation, it is possible to demonstrate the existence of cortical granule exudate in the PVS of fertilized oocytes from hamsters, mice, and humans. Much of the cortical granule exudate is trapped in the PVS and forms a new coat around the fertilized oocyte. This material is particulate when stained with ruthenium red and appears to be uniformly dispersed around the entire oocyte surface. We refer to this new coat as the cortical granule envelope. This envelope is observed in the PVS of all developmental stages up to and including blastocysts in all three species. Following hatching of mouse and hamster blastocysts, the cortical granule envelope is no longer present. Possible functions of this envelope are discussed.
Environmental and Strain Rate Effects on the Ductility and Yield Strength of Fe-40Al

The environmental embrittlement in FeAl is sensitive to strain rate. For instance, the ductility of Fe-45Al has been shown to increase with increasing strain rates. This can be attributed to one of several time-dependent steps in the embrittlement process, involving the dissociation of water to form atomic hydrogen, the diffusion of this hydrogen into the material, etc. The result is that by testing at higher strain rates it is possible to overcome some of the detrimental environmental effects. It is of interest to determine whether the environmental embrittlement can be completely eliminated by a strain rate effect alone. Previous studies on L1{sub 2} intermetallics have revealed different behaviors with regard to this question. For instance, in Ni{sub 3}Al it has been shown that testing at higher strain rates does not fully suppress environmental embrittlement. However, in CO{sub 3}Ti environmental embrittlement can be suppressed at high strain rates. Moreover, for B2-ordered Fe-35Al it has been shown that environmental embrittlement can be suppressed at elevated strain rates. At this time it is unclear why some materials would exhibit this behavior while others would not. Since strain rate effects can provide valuable information as to the nature of environmental embrittlement in intermetallic alloys,more » a study was conducted to investigate the tensile properties of Fe-40Al with regard to both strain rate and test environment. Also, in this study, the alloy was well-annealed to minimize thermal defects prior to tensile testing.« less
Aortic annular sizing for transcatheter aortic valve replacement using cross-sectional 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography.

Objectives This study compared cross-sectional three-dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) to two-dimensional (2D) TEE as methods for predicting aortic regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Background Data have shown that TAVR sizing using cross-sectional contrast computed tomography (CT) parameters is superior to 2D-TEE for the prediction of paravalvular aortic regurgitation (AR). Three-dimensional TEE can offer cross-sectional assessment of the aortic annulus but its role for TAVR sizing has been poorly elucidated. Methods All patients had severe symptomatic aortic stenosis and were treated with balloon-expandable TAVR in a single center. Patients studied had both 2D-TEE and 3D imaging (contrast CT and/or 3D-TEE) of the aortic annulus at baseline. Receiver-operating characteristic curves were generated for each measurement parameter using post-TAVR paravalvular AR moderate or greater as the state variable. Results For the 256 patients studied, paravalvular AR moderate or greater occurred in 26 of 256 (10.2%) of patients. Prospectively recorded 2D-TEE measurements had a low discriminatory value (area under the curve = 0.52, 95% confidence interval: 0.40 to 0.63, p = 0.75). Average cross-sectional diameter by CT offered a high degree of discrimination (area under the curve = 0.82, 95% confidence interval: 0.73 to 0.90, p l 0.0001) and mean cross-sectional diameter by 3D-TEE was of intermediate value (area under the curve = 0.68, 95% confidence interval: 0.54 to 0.81, p = 0.036). Conclusions Cross-sectional 3D echocardiographic sizing of the aortic annulus dimension offers discrimination of post-TAVR paravalvular AR that is significantly superior to that of 2D-TEE. Cross-sectional data should be sought from 3D-TEE if good CT data are unavailable for TAVR sizing.
Contracting for Capacity under Renegotiation: Partner Preferences and the Value of Anticipating Renegotiation

This paper studies contract renegotiation in a stylized supply chain model. Two original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) sign fixed-quantity contracts with a contract manufacturer (CM) prior to demand realization. Contract renegotiation after demand realization allows the OEMs to use capacity that is more or less than what they contracted for. We assume that the extra profit due to efficient allocation of capacity is allocated to the supply chain parties according to the egalitarian rule and investigate when an OEM's expected post-renegotiation profit is maximized. We aim to understand how an OEM's expected post-renegotiation profit is affected by her ability to negotiate a low wholesale price in the initial contract as well as the ability of the other OEM to do the same. Regardless of whether renegotiation is anticipated or not at the time of the initial contract, we find that an OEM, who had weak buyer power vis-a-vis the CM and was unable to negotiate a low wholesale price in the initial contract, may benefit more from renegotiation than a stronger OEM. In addition, we show that how the expected post-renegotiation profit of an OEM changes with demand variance or anticipating renegotiation depends on the strength of the OEM's buyer power. Finally, we numerically test the robustness of our results in a supply chain with three OEMs and also identify when the OEMs prefer to leave the CM out of the renegotiation.
Comparison between the melting and the crystal-to-glass transition

Abstract Ordinary melting as well as the “melting” of a crystal to a glass can be induced by crossing the T 0 -line through a variation of temperature and/or composition. Structural defects—predominantly grain boundaries — act as effective heterogeneous nucleation sites thus forcing the transition to be first order. When these defects are removed crystal superheating and a λ-type specific heat anomaly for the crystal-glass transition of Fe 2 Er hydrides are observed. Such an instability with associated premelting phenomena is predicted if melting (glass formation) becomes catastrophic.
Relation between Landau Fermi-Liquid Parameters and High-Temperature Resistivity in Simple Metals

A simple relation between the high-temperature electrical resistivity in simple metals and the electronphonon contribution to two of the Landau parameters is shown. It is utilized to yield some estimates of these two parameters and compared with other calculations.
Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder in the Epstein-Barr virus-naïve lung transplant recipient.

Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a widely recognized and often catastrophic complication of organ transplantation. The incidence of PTLD after lung transplantation ranges from 6.2 to 9.4% and is two-fold higher than that seen after organ transplantation of other organs. Primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a major risk factor for PTLD, but the incidence of PTLD in EBV seronegative (EBV-) patients seems to vary with type of organ transplant. The goal of this study was to quantify the risk of PLTD based on pre-lung transplantation EBV serostatus in lung transplant patients. Pre- and post-lung transplant serostatus was defined in 80 patients, and our six cases of PTLD occurred in this group. Six of 94 lung transplant patients (6.4%) who survived > 1 mo developed PTLD. All cases of PTLD involved thoracic structures at presentation and occurred in the first post-operative year. Patients who were EBV- before lung transplant were much more likely to develop PTLD than those who...
Adrenoleukodystrophy: natural history, treatment and outcome

Our laboratory has identified nearly 2000 patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) and conducted therapeutic trials in groups of patients who represent the major phenotypes. We report recent results of dietary therapy with a mixture of glyceryl trioleate and glyceryl trierucate oil, also referred to as Lorenzo's Oil, in the asymptomatic and childhood cerebral phenotypes. Fifty-three patients started this therapy at a mean age of 7.5 years at a time when they were free of neurological symptoms. Although analysis of data is hampered by the lack of a concurrent control group, follow-up studies after 39 months of therapy suggest that subsequent neurological involvement was less frequent and less severe than anticipated from historical controls. Retrospective analysis of the effect of the oil in patients with the severe childhood cerebral phenotype indicates that there was a slight but statistically significant slowing of clinical progression and delay of death.
On the O2 flash yields of two cyanophytes

Abstract We explored O 2 flash yield in two cyanophytes, Anacystis nidulans and Agmenellum quadruplicatum . On a rate-measuring electrode, a single flash gave a contour of O 2 evolution with a peak at about 10 ms which was maximum (100) for 680 nm background light. On 625 nm illumination the peak was smaller (62) but was followed by an increased tail of O 2 attributed to enhancement of the background. After a period of darkness, repetitive flashes (5 Hz) gave a highly damped initial oscillation in individual flash yields which finally reached steady state at 94% of the yield for 680 nm illumination. When O 2 of repetitive flashes was measured as an integrated flash yield the results was distinctive and similar to that for a continuous light 1 (680 nm). An apparent inhibition of respiration which persisted into the following dark period was taken as evidence for the Kok effect. With a concentration-measuring electrode, integrated flash yield vs. flash rate showed the same nonlinear behavior as O 2 rate vs. intensity of light 1. We draw three conclusions about the two cyanophytes. (a) The plastoquinone pool is substantially reduced in darkness. (b) Because of a high ratio of reaction centers, reaction center 1 / reaction center 2, for the two photoreactions, saturating flashes behave as light 1. (c) Because repetitive flashes are light 1, they also give a Kok effect which must be guarded against in measurements designed to count reaction centers.
Relationship between central anticholinergic actions and antiparkinson efficacy of phenothiazine derivatives

Summary EEG synchrony was induced in rabbits with eight phenothiazines. In lower doses (1–2 mg/kg) these drugs failed to abolish EEG activation evoked by exteroceptive stimuli and cholinergic or adrenergic drugs. Higher doses (10–15 mg/kg, however, reduced or abolished EEG desynchronization patterns produced by sensory stimuli and adrenergic drugs, but only diethazine, promethazine, and ethopropazine inhibited the EEG effects of cholinergic drugs.
Massive Left Ventricular Aneurysm

A 67-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia presented with mild exertional dyspnea of several-month’s duration. An ECG (Figure 1) done 1 month earlier had shown Q-waves and 1-mm ST-elevation in leads II, III, and aVF, a new finding compared with an ECG done 2 years earlier. A pharmacological stress test showed inferior infarct …
Evidence against cyclic GMP as a mediator of the actions of secretagogues on amylase release from guinea-pig pancreas

Abstract In dispersed acini from guinea-pig pancrease several pancreatic secretagogues increased calcium outflux, cyclic GMP and amylase secretion, whereas nitroprusside and hydroxylamide increased cyclic GMP but did not increase calcium outflux or amylase secretion and did not alter the action of secretagogues on calcium outflux or amylase secretion. Secretin and vasoactive intestinal peptide increased cyclic AMP and increased secretion but did not alter cyclic GMP. Nitroprusside and hydroxylamine did not alter cyclic AMP or the action of secretin or vasoactive intestinal peptide on cyclic AMP and enzyme secretion. Agents that increased cyclic GMP also caused release of the nucleotide into the extracellular medium; however, this release did not correlate with secretion of amylase into the extracellular medium. 8-Bromo cyclic AMP as well as 8-bromo cyclic GMP increased enzyme secretion and potentiated the increase in enzyme secretion caused by cholecystokinin or carbachol. The increase in amylase secretion caused by vasoactive intestinal peptide or secretin plus either of the cyclic nucleotide derivatives was the same as that caused by the peptide alone. These results indicate that cyclic GMP does not mediate the action of secretagogues on pancreatic enzyme secretion, that the release of cyclic GMP into the extracellular medium does not occur by exocytosis and that the increase in enzyme secretion caused by 8-bromo cyclic GMP results from its stability to mimic the action of endogenous cyclic AMP.
Short-Term Recall by Deaf Signers of American Sign Language: Implications of Encoding Strategy for Order Recall.

Two experiments were conducted on short-term recall of printed English words by deaf signers of American Sign Language (ASL). Compared with hearing subjects, deaf subjects recalled significantly fewer words when ordered recall of words was required, but not when free recall was required. Deaf subjects tended to use a speech-based code in probed recall for order, and the greater the reliance on a speech-based code, the more accurate the recall. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a speech-based code facilitates the retention of order information.
A test of large BaF2 crystals as an electromagnetic calorimeter

Abstract Two large BaF 2 crystals (3.6 × 3.6 × 25 cm 3 and 3 × 3 × 20 cm 3 ) have been tested for use in an electromagnetic calorimeter. Energy resolution and non-linearity critically depend on the uniformity of photon acceptance along the length of a crystal. It is shown that uniformity can be achieved through careful control of wrapping and optical coupling between crystal and photomultiplier. Results of a ray-tracing Monte Carlo reproduce the acceptance curves well in various conditions. Also, the timing resolution for minimum ionizing muons has been measured to be 161±8 ps.
ZnSe/GaAs heterovalent interfaces: interface microstructure versus electrical properties

Abstract Epitaxial ZnSe/epitaxial GaAs interfaces are formed by molecular beam epitaxy and evaluated by several techniques including capacitance-voltage ( C-V ) measurements. The GaAs surface stoichiometry is systematically varied prior to the nucleation of ZnSe. A dramatic reduction of interface state density occurred when the GaAs epilayer is made As deficient. The ZnSe/GaAs interfaces exhibiting low interface state densities are associated with the presence of an interfacial layer of zincblende Ga 2 Se 3 . In situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to study the nature of the bonding at the interfacial layer. The character of Se 3d core level features from the interfacial region and from separately grown Ga 2 Se 3 epilayers support the identification of the interfacial layer as Ga 2 Se 3 .
Field-dependence of DC susceptibility of spin glasses

Abstract The field dependence of the DC susceptibility of CuMn and amorphous GdAl spin glasses is studied by SQUID magnetometry. The susceptibility cusp is found to move up in temperature with increasing field, and the dependence of the maximum susceptibility on field has an upward curvature down to low fields.
Applying qualitative methods in developing a culturally tailored workbook for black patients with hypertension.

Objective To apply qualitative research methods in developing a culturally tailored, educational workbook for hypertensive black patients.
A 12.8GS/s time-interleaved SAR ADC with 25GHz 3dB ERBW and 4.6b ENOB

This paper presents a 12.8GS/s 32-way hierarchically time-interleaved SAR ADC with 4.6-bit ENOB in 65nm CMOS. The prototype utilizes multi-stage sampling and a cascode sampler circuit to enable greater than 25GHz 3dB effective resolution bandwidth (ERBW). We further employ a pseudo-differential SAR ADC to save power and area. The core circuit occupies only 0.23 mm2 and consumes a total of 162mW from dual 1.2V/1.1V supplies.
The esophagogastric junction.

Summary Currently available diagnostic techniques involving manometric studies, pH determinations, and cineradiographic techniques have added considerably to our knowledge of the normal and abnormal function of the esophagogastric junction. Nevertheless, these must be viewed in perspective, and they cannot supplant sound clinical judgment in the overall management of the patient.
Agonist-stimulated inositol polyphosphate formation in cerebellum.

: The accumulation of inositol polyphosphates in the cerebellum in response to agonists has not been demonstrated. Guinea pig cerebellar slices prelabeled with [3H]inositol showed the following increases in response to 1 mM serotonin: At 15 s, there was a peak in 3H label in the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(l,4,5)P3], decreasing to a lower level in about 1 min. The level of 3H label in the putative second-messenger inositol 1,3,4,5-tetra-kisphosphate [Ins(l,3,4,5)P4] increased rapidly up to 60 s and increased slowly thereafter. The accumulation of 3H label in various inositol phosphate isomers at 10 min, when steady state was obtained, showed the following increases due to serotonin: inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate [Ins(l,3,4)P3], eightfold; Ins(l,3,4,5)P4, 6.4-fold; Ins(l,4,5)P3, 75%; inositol 1,4-bisphosphate [Ins(1,4)P2, 0%; inositol 3,4-bisphosphate, 100%; inositol 1-phosphate/inositol 3-phosphate, 30%; and inositol 4-phosphate, 40%. [3H]Inositol 1,3-bisphosphate was not detected in controls, but it accounted for 7.2% of the total inositol bisphosphates formed in the serotonin-stimulated samples. The fact that serotonin did not increase the formation of Ins(1,4)P2 could be due to the fact that Ins(1,4)P2 is rapidly degraded or that Ins(l,4,5)P3 is metabolized primarily by Ins(1,4,5)P3-3’ kinase to form Ins(1,3,4,5)P4. In the presence of pargyline (10 nM), [3H]Ins(l,3,4,5)P4 and [3H]Ins(l,3,4)P3 levels were increased, even at 1 μM serotonin. Ketanserin (7 μM) completely inhibited the serotonin effect, indicating stimulation of serotonin2 receptors. Quisqualic acid (100 μM) also increased the levels of [3H]Ins(l,4,5)P3, [3H]Ins(l,3,4,5)P4, and [3H]Ins(l,3,4)P3, but the profile of these increases was different. The quisqualic acid-stimulated formation of inositol phosphate isomers was not affected by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, indicating that it was not due to the ionotropic properties of the quisqualate receptor. Similar results were obtained on stimulation of the labeled slices with glutamate, but the magnitudes were less. The data show that in the guinea pig cerebellum, stimulation of the serotonin2 and metabotropic quisqualic acid receptors leads to the initial formation of Ins(l,4,5)P3, but its subsequent metabolism varies, presumably owing to two kinds of receptors, localized on different cell types in the cerebellum with varying levels of inositol phosphate-metabolizing enzymes.
Comparison of cardiovascular risk calculation tools in pharmacy practice

Abstract Objective To examine the use of various cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk estimation calculators in pharmacy practice. Design Longitudinal cohort study. Setting Midwestern university worksite from August 2008 through May 2012. Participants University employees with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. Intervention Risk estimation calculators were applied to data from a pharmacist-run chronic disease management program. Main outcome measure Difference in estimated CVD risk from multiple estimation calculators. Results At baseline and 12 months, non–lab-based tools reported significantly higher 10-year CVD risk percentages compared with lab-based tools among the same cohort of patients (10.63% vs. 8.71% at baseline, P P P = 0.018). Conclusion CVD risk estimation tools report significantly different values and are not interchangeable. Pharmacists using non–lab-based tools should expect significantly higher risk estimates than estimates derived from lab-based tools and therefore should use the same version of the estimation tool over the long term.
Self-Efficacy for Life Tasks in OEF/OIF Veterans: Assessing Functional Concerns in the Clinic

To evaluate the clinical utility of a new scale assessing Self-Efficacy for Life Tasks (SELT), we examined whether SELT was associated with postdeployment symptoms among male U.S. veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). A total of 41 OEF/OIF veterans completed the SELT scale and measures of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, combat exposure, postdeployment social support, and stressful life events. SELT emerged as significantly associated with PTSD, depression, and anxiety, and remained significant following adjustment for stress exposures and social support. The SELT scale may aid in assessing functional concerns following reintegration and targeting therapy to address veterans’ individual life challenges.
The role of anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, and their reversal strategies in the management of intracerebral hemorrhage

New anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications have been approved and are prescribed with increased frequency. Intracranial hemorrhage is associated with the use of these medications. Therefore, neurosurgeons need to be aware of these new medications, how they are different from their predecessors, and the strategies for the urgent reversal of their effects. Utilization of intraluminal stents by endovascular neurosurgeons has resulted in the need to have a thorough understanding of antiplatelet agents. Increased use of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban as oral anticoagulants for the treatment of atrial fibrillation and acute deep venous thrombosis has increased despite the lack of known antidotes to these medications.
When is an algorithm feasible? Soft computing approach

Not all algorithms are feasible (=physically possible, either now or in the future). For example, an algorithm that requires 2 to the power 2/sup n/ computational steps for an input of length n will (for reasonable inputs) take time that is exponentially longer than the lifetime of the Universe. So, if we are interested in separating doable algorithms from purely theoretical ones, we must have a formal notion of a feasible algorithm. Now, the most widely accepted formal description of this notion is an algorithm that can be computed in polynomial time. However, the majority of researchers agree that it is only a good approximation to actual feasibility: e.g., an algorithm that requires 10/sup 10000000000/n computational steps is time-polynomial but hardly feasible. In the present paper, we formalize the idea of Zadeh and describe feasibility as a fuzzy notion. The resulting definition of feasibility is more adequate than the existing ones: e.g., in the new definition, it is no longer true that all time-polynomial algorithms are feasible. >
Party organization and party proliferation in India

Theories that explain variations in party systems typically emphasize the role of political institutions and social cleavages. Using a panel dataset of election returns from 15 Indian states from 1967 to 2004. this article establishes considerable variation in the effective number of parties across states and over time, despite the same political institutions and relatively stable social cleavages. We argue that a hitherto ignored dimension, the level of party organization, has a significant impact on the nature of the party system. The level of party organization incentivizes politicians differently in terms of their decision to stay, join another party or float a new party, when their ambitions are thwarted within a party. To test this theory, a unique indicator of party organization is developed on the basis of extensive qualitative research. We find that in Indian states where parties are more organized, both the effective number of parties and electoral volatility are lower.
Visual signals of status and rival assessment in Polistes dominulus paper wasps

Aggressive competition is an important aspect of social interactions, but conflict can be costly. Some animals are thought to minimize the costs of conflict by using conventional signals of agonistic ability (i.e. badges of status) to assess rivals. Although putative badges have been found in a range of taxa, little research has tested whether individuals use badges to assess potential rivals before they engage in aggressive contests. Here, choice trials were used to test how the variable black facial patterns in Polistes dominulus wasps are used during rival assessment. Focal wasps were given access to two patches of food, each guarded by a wasp whose facial pattern had been experimentally altered. Wasps chose food patches based on the facial pattern of the guard, preferring to challenge guards with facial patterns indicating a low level of quality, while avoiding guards with facial patterns indicating a high level of quality. Therefore, status badges play an important role during rival assessment; paper wasps use facial patterns alone to quickly assess the agonistic abilities of strangers.
Services for men at publicly funded family planning agencies 1998-1999.

Men’s reproductive health needs are receiving increased attention but most family planning clinic clients are female and clinics have reported barriers to serving men. A 1999 survey of publicly funded agencies that administer family planning clinics asked several questions about current policies and services and the number of men served in 1998. Data on 17 services were collected as well as the proportion of clients who were male and agencies’ barriers to serving men. The services most commonly offered to men in 1999 were condom provision and sexually transmitted disease (STD) counseling (95% of all agencies) contraceptive counseling (93%) and STD treatment (90%) and testing (89%). The proportions offering various male reproductive health services were lowest among hospital-based clinics. Eighty-seven percent of agencies served some male contraceptive or STD clients in 1998; those that did served a mean of 255 men and a median of 50. The male client caseload increased between 1995 and 1998 at 53% of agencies and four out of five agencies were interested in serving more men in the future. The most commonly reported barriers to serving men were men’s unawareness that services were available (58%) and inadequate agency funding (55%). Although most clients of publicly funded family planning agencies are women a non-negligible number are men. Additional efforts are needed to determine the best way to deliver reproductive health services to men. (authors)
Magnetostriction in FeTaN thin films

Magnetostriction is studied in FeTaN single layer thin films deposited by high power density, high growth rate, DC magnetron sputtering. Magnetostriction is found to increase linearly with the nitrogen content of the films, passing from negative to positive with increasing nitrogen content. Thinner films exhibit larger positive magnetostriction than thicker films deposited at the same nitrogen flow rate. Film stress is found to be tensile in as-deposited films grown at zero nitrogen pressure. As the nitrogen content in the films increases, the film stress changes from tensile to compressive and increases in magnitude, while annealing at 300 degrees C reduces the magnitude of film stress without affecting magnetostriction. Stress anisotropy is found to reach a minimum at low nitrogen flow rate, and stripe domain formation accompanies large stress anisotropy at high nitrogen flow rates. >
Biotherapy of B-cell precursor leukemia by targeting genistein to CD19-associated tyrosine kinases

B-cell precursor (BCP) leukemia is the most common form of childhood cancer and the second most common form of acute leukemia in adults. Human BCP leukemia was treated in a severe combined immunodeficient mouse model by targeting of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor Genistein (Gen) to the B cell-specific receptor CD19 with the monoclonal antibody B43. The B43-Gen immunoconjugate bound with high affinity to BCP leukemia cells, selectively inhibited CD19-associated tyrosine kinases, and triggered rapid apoptotic cell death. At less than one-tenth the maximum tolerated dose more than 99.999 percent of human BCP leukemia cells were killed, which led to 100 percent long-term event-free survival from an otherwise invariably fatal leukemia. The B43-Gen immuno-conjugate might be useful in eliminating leukemia cells in patients who have failed conventional therapy.
Plan switching: an approach to plan execution in changing environments

The execution of a complex task in any environment requires planning. Planning is the process of constructing an activity graph given by the current state of the system, a goal state, and a set of activities. If we wish to execute a complex computing task in a heterogeneous computing environment with autonomous resource providers, we should be able to adapt to changes in the environment. A possible solution is to construct a family of activity graphs beforehand and investigate the means of switching from one member of the family to another when the execution of one activity graph fails. In this paper, we study the conditions when plan switching is feasible. Then we introduce an approach for plan switching and report the simulation results of this approach.
Emergence and Extinction of a New Phase during On-Off Experiments Related to Flash Sintering of 3YSZ

The flash phenomenon occurs when oxide ceramics are heated above a threshold temperature under an applied electric field. It is defined as an abrupt increase in the conductivity of the specimen. The specimen then can be held in this state of high conductivity by switching the power supply from voltage to current control. Here, we report on the emergence of new X-ray diffraction peaks in 3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (3YSZ) when the specimen is held in this current controlled state. These peaks are indexed as a pseudocubic phase of zirconia. The peaks extinguish and reappear when the field is turned off and on. The specimen temperature in the flash state is measured from the thermal expansion of platinum, which is placed as a thin film on a small portion of the specimen surface. Experiments without the electric field, at even higher temperatures than those measured with the platinum standard, do not show any change of phase, thus ruling out Joule heating as the cause of this phenomenon. The time dependency of the growth and dissolution of the pseudo cubic phase is reported. These in situ experiments were carried out at the Advanced Photon Source Synchrotron at the Argonne National Laboratory.
Actions sketch: a novel action representation

In this paper, we propose to model an action based on both the shape and the motion of the performing object. When the object performs an action in 3D, the points on the outer boundary of the object are projected as 2D (x, y) contour in the image plane. A sequence of such 2D contours with respect to time generates a spatiotemporal volume (STV) in (x, y, t), which can be treated as 3D object in the (x, y, t) space. We analyze STV by using the differential geometric surface properties to identify action descriptors capturing both spatial and temporal properties. A set of action descriptors is called an action sketch. The first step in our approach is to generate STV by solving the point correspondence problem between consecutive frames. The correspondences are determined using a two-step graph theoretical approach. After the STV is generated, actions descriptors are computed by analyzing the differential geometric properties of STV. Finally, using these descriptors, we perform action recognition, which is also formulated as graph theoretical problem. Several experimental results are presented to demonstrate our approach.
Muscle Studies in Fibromyalgia Syndrome

A prominent theory to explain skeletal muscle pain in fibromyalgia [FMS] holds that there is inadequate high-energy phosphate for functional demands. That "energy crisis" hypothesis was not supported when 31P-NMR spectroscopy was conducted on resting and exercising FMS muscle compared with muscles of similarly deconditioned controls. These findings suggest that the "muscle pain" of FMS may be due to central mechanisms.