cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Drilling Properties

Rock-bit performance is related in this paper to formation strength. Bingham mathematical models and steel-tooth rock bits are used in a procedure to optimize rates of penetration (ROP's) and to extend bit life. The ability to distinguish elastic formations from plastic formations has been used to introduce polycrystalline-diamond-composite (PDC) bits in the Gulf of Mexico, where shale is the predominant formation. The validity of the mathematical models has been confirmed on long, homogeneous shale sections, and the models have also been expanded to include soft-formation insert rock bits.
Cellular immune responses of mice to influenza virus infection

Abstract Mice infected with influenza virus develop cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for viral antigens prior to the appearance of virus-specific antibody-forming cells (AFCs). Effector T cells were detected at a time coincident with a precipitous decline in pulmonary virus titer. CTLs of draining lymph nodes and spleen were found to be cross-reactive among H-2 compatible cells infected with influenza type A virus subtypes. AFCs were observed to be primarily hemagglutinin specific. Virus-specific IgA-secreting AFCs were detected in mediastinal lymph nodes of infected mice.
The nature of the medial wall deficit in the rat.

Abstract Spatial and temporal (go/no-go) alternation tasks were run in a computerized Y-maze apparatus in an attempt to characterize the behavioral deficit which results from frontopolar and medial cortical lesions in rats. The medial cortex lesions caused a severe behavioral impairment on both tasks. The deficit is characterized as an inability to temporally organize recent events. This interpretation is consistent with theories of primate frontal lobe function based on similar data obtained in non-human primates and man.
The spaces of truth and cathedral window light

Major writers and painters of the Romantic period interpreted the church or cathedral in its organic and spiritual dimensions as a complex expression of a matured Christian civilization. Artists of the mid-nineteenth century continued to produce both secular and religious variations upon this established referentiality. Although divergent uses reciprocally reinforced the fascination for the central imagery of the church and its multiple contexts, they also came to suggest a deeper tension in Western development between what the church had meant in an earlier Europe and what it might mean for late modernity. The threat of a permanent loss of cultural values was an issue haunting Realist approaches. A crucial revision occurred when key Symbolist poets openly revived the first Romantic themes but treated them as contents available to a decidedly post-Romantic historical consciousness. There was an analogous revival of interest in the church as a culturally charged symbol in painting around the turn of the century. Although they might apply this poetic and pictorial heritage in strikingly different ways, writers of high Modernism such as Rilke, Proust, and Kafka understood its richness and importance.
Nonlinear absorption and refraction measurements of Fluorene-based molecules via picosecond Z-scans

Fluorene-based molecules were studied in detail as candidates for two-photon absorption (2PA) applications. Previous studies were carried out over the wavelengths range 560 - 900 nm. In this work we have extended our studies to shorter wavelengths in order to determine behavior closer to the 2PA resonance peak. We used picosecond pulses at 532 nm for performing open and closed aperture Z-scan measurements, in order to obtain both the real part of the third order nonlinearity (X r (3) ), corresponding to nonlinear refraction (n 2 ) and the imaginary part of the third order nonlinearity (X i (3) ), corresponding to nonlinear absorption (β) due to 2PA. We studied several fluorene-based molecules, which differ by length of conjugation system and substitution moieties. From open aperture Z-scan measurements we obtained the imaginary part of the third order nonlinearity (X i (3) ). We measured 2PA cross-sections, δ, varying from 1,000 up to 10,000 GM at 532 nm. The influence of the molecular structure on δ was examined. For some of the dyes we also measured n 2 via closed aperture Z-scan measurements. By subtracting the contribution of the solvent from the observed value for the solution, we obtain the contribution to n 2 due to the solute.
Preparation of enriched rare-earth metals by hydrofluorination and reduction

Abstract Enriched rare-earth metals are employed in many areas of basic and applied research. Capabilities for preparing enriched rare-earth metals at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have been limited in recent years to reduction–distillation of the oxides of Sm, Eu, and Yb, using La as a reductant. The capability for producing enriched Ce, Nd, Gd, Dy, Er, and Lu in gram quantities has recently been restored via hydrofluorination of the oxide followed by metallothermic reduction employing Ca as a reductant. Typical yields for gram-quantity conversion of rare-earth oxides have been demonstrated to be 90% or greater.
Superconducting rotating machines

The opportunities and limitations of the applications of superconductors in rotating electric machines are given. The relevant properties of superconductors and the fundamental requirements for rotating electric machines are discussed. The current state-of-the-art of superconducting machines is reviewed. Key problems, future developments and the long range potential of superconducting machines are assessed.
Quantitative metabolic profiles of 2nd and 3rd trimester human amniotic fluid using 1H HR-MAS spectroscopy

Object To establish and compare normative metabolite concentrations in 2nd and 3rd trimester human amniotic fluid samples in an effort to reveal metabolic biomarkers of fetal health and development.
Preparation, structure and charge transport properties of iodine doped metallotetraphenylporphyrins (MTPPIx), where M=Co, Ni, Cu and H2

Powder X-ray diffractometry indicated that CoTPPI x gives two crystal phases with different oxidation levels in accordance with the TG data. Unit cell parameters of the highly-doped CoTPPI 8.59 are a=13.285 A, c=15.625 A, with space group P4 2 nm, Z=2. Iodine and CoTPP arrangements were discussed by comparing the observed and calculated X-ray diffraction profiles. It should be noted that iodine doping to CoTPP accompanies a large rearrangement of porphyrin molecules. Electrical conductivity of the highly-doped CoTPPI x (x>3) polycrystalline samples increases by as much as 3 orders of magnitude in contrast to the case of the low-doped phase. It was found that the MTPP compounds are partially oxidized by iodine and give conductive materials
Liquid phase activity coefficients and standard state hypothetical liquid fugacities for hydrocarbons

One method of predicting vaporization equilibrium ratios for the components of a multicomponent mixture is through the use of standard state liquid fugacities, standard state vapor fugacities, liquid phase activity coefficients, and vapor phase activity coefficients. The relationship among these variables will be shown. It is the purpose of this paper to present a method for evaluating the fugacities of the components of a multicomponent liquid mixture which is in equilibrium with its vapors; to present a method for evaluating the standard state fugacities of hypothetical liquids and to disclose these values for methane and ethane up to a reduced temperature of 1.6 and values for propane up to a reduced temperature of 1.3; to present the coincident derived values of the vaporization equilibrium constants, Z factors, and solubility parameters; and to show correlations of these values.
Hypocrisy At The Lectern Do Our Personal Lifestyle Choices Reflect Our Spoken Commitment To Global Sustainabilty

Do our actions model a genuine commitment to global sustainability? Or do they belie that spoken commitment? These questions are addressed in this article, drawing on bodies of substantive research tying personal behavioral choices to global warming, fresh water scarcity, energy resource management, the absorptive capacity of the earth to sustain life, and a viable sharing of the earth's resources to assure a basic level of social justice. A compelling case is made that our personal lifestyles are not in congruence with our avowed concerns for an environmentally sustainable earth and a just sharing of its bounties. The article treats environmental sustainability and social justice as co-imperatives, thereby offering a future scenario that demands lifestyle adjustments and shared sacrifices.
Measurement of the spur-free dynamic range of an analog link with a semiconductor resonant cavity interferometric linear intensity modulator

A high speed and efficient linear optical intensity modulator has been previously introduced in [1]. The linear transfer function of this modulator, Eq. 1, is inherent in the design of this modulator which stems from the arcsine phase response of an injection-locked resonant cavity with gain [2] placed in one arm of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. T = 1/2 (1 + cos (arcsin (f(t))+ π/2) = 1/2 (1 +f(t)) Eq.1 In this paper, we present a measured spur-free dynamic range (SFDR) of an analog link employing this linear modulator. Link SFDR of ∼101 dB.Hz2/3 is achieved by locking the bias point of the all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer at quadrature. It should be noted that no linearization technique is used.
Reexamining the Link Between Cultivation Factors and Viewer Involvement: Investigating Viewing Amount as a Catalyst for the Transportation Process

In an effort to expand on prior cultivation research involving narrative processing (Bilandzic & Busselle, 2008), this study examined the interrelationships between viewing amount and the transportation process. Results showed that transportation mediated the relationship between genre-specific television viewing and perceived realism, while overall television viewing directly predicted reduced counterarguing. In addition, structural equation modeling was employed to test a combined cultivation-transportation model leading to changes in viewer excessive drinking perceptions. Findings indicated that genre-specific television viewing indirectly influenced beliefs through increased transportation. Conversely, a significant, direct path was found between overall viewing and excessive drinking beliefs, supporting the original cultivation perspective.
Na chemisorption on the Al(001) surface

Abstract The linearized augmented plane-wave (LAPW) method for thin films has been applied to the problem of alkali overlayers on a free-electron-line substrate — specifically, the ordered halfmonolayer coverage of Na on the Al(001) surface. Self-consistent results are reported for adsorbate-induced surface states, work functions, density of states, and charge densities. Comparisons have been made with self-consistent results for clean Al(001), and cluster and jellium model calculations for related systems.
Priority repair and dispatch policies for reparable-item logistics systems

In this article we present the results of a simulation study concerned with reparable electronic equipment on military aircraft. Past studies in the literature have considered priority rules at the repair depot, and one study considered an allocation scheme for distributing repaired items to bases. In this study, we examine the use of a priority rule for sequencing items at a repair depot in conjunction with a priority rule for allocating repaired items to bases. We examine, among other things, the conditions under which it is favorable to consider priority rules. The results indicate that the important variables are the efficiency of the lateral resupply system, the initial allocation of spare stock, and the time it takes to ship items from the depot to bases. The objective throughout is to minimize the expected number of aircraft grounded due to lack of parts.
Bacteriostatic polymer film immobilization

Coatings of quaternary ammonium tertiary structures (QUATS) copolymerized with 4-vinylbenzylthymine (VBT) exhibited high antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. Immobilization of QUATS improves environmental performance by preventing release of antibacterials to the environment, helping to preclude the emergence of resistant strains. The crosslinking immobilization scheme reported herein provides a more environmentally benign and more inexpensive synthesis than previously reported, thus reducing the use of solvents, energy, and production time. Development of water soluble, thymine-based photopolymers was inspired by the UV-induced 2π + 2π photocyclodimerization of thymine in DNA. Copolymers of 4-vinylbenzylthymine and trimethylammonium chloride, triethylammonium chloride, or dimethyloctylammonium chloride were synthesized in different monomer ratios. The antibacterial properties were tested by coating VBT:QUATS in sterilized petri dishes, crosslinking under short UV light, spraying with aqueous suspensions of bacterial cells, air drying, and then applying agar media to promote bacterial growth. The plates were incubated for 24 h at 37°C. The number of viable cells ranged from 17 to 0% growth. Immobilized VBT:QUAT copolymers are antiseptic surfaces that can be produced in an environmentally benign fashion. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Developer-User Interaction and User Satisfaction in Internal Technology Transfer

Effective internal technology transfer—the implementation of technical systems developed and disseminated to operational subunits within a single organization—depends not only upon the cost, qualit...
Regulation of the expression of some genes for enzymes of glutathione metabolism in hepatotoxicity and hepatocarcinogenesis.

Abstract The reversible stage of tumor promotion, which follows the stage of initiation and precedes that of progression in multistage carcinogenesis, is a unique example of reversible toxicity in biological systems. In order to study the molecular mechanisms involved in the action of promoting agents during this stage, the regulation of the expression of genes for two enzymes of glutathione metabolism, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and the placental isozyme of glutathione S -transferase (GST-P), was studied under several different conditions of promotion during multistage hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat. Promotion by phenobarbital caused an increased expression of both of these genes in altered hepatic focal lesions, although this was somewhat more variable in the case of the GGT gene. C.I. Solvent Yellow 14, an industrial dye, served as an effective promoting agent. Feeding this dye resulted in a dramatic increase in the expression of GST-P, but not that of GGT in altered hepatic foci. Factors in crude, cereal-based diets inhibited the stage of promotion by diethylnitrosamine, but enhanced promotion by phenobarbital in a synergistic manner. In contrast, at least one purified diet had the converse effect during this stage. The mRNA levels of GST-P were uniformly elevated dramatically in reversible nodules and neoplasms of rat liver that had been induced by diethylnitrosamine and phenobarbital promotion. In contrast, the level of GGT mRNA was somewhat variable, with an occasional neoplasm exhibiting almost a background level of expression of this gene. Therefore, the altered regulation of multiple genes in hepatocytes during the stage of promotion can vary with the promoting agent itself; this process may be related to the heterogeneous gene expression seen in hepatic neoplasms. A possible role for specific DNA sequences in the 5′ flanking regions of such genes is considered. In addition, a cDNA clone to the mRNA of human liver GGT was isolated and sequenced. The homology of the coding sequence of the human liver GGT mRNA to that of rat kidney GGT mRNA was striking.
Solution NMR studies of the maturation intermediates of a 13 MDa viral capsid.

Dynamic regions of proteins often play essential roles in function, assembly, or maturation of macromolecular complexes. When X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy are used to investigate macromolecular structures, information about these dynamic regions is lost because of conformational disorder or flexibility. Structural studies on the precursor capsid conformations of the lambdoid bacteriophage HK97, a model system for macromolecular maturation, reveal that essential regions tend to be disordered at early maturation stages. In the Prohead II intermediate, the regions that have the greatest disorder are the N-terminal residues and the E-loop, a region involved in the formation of inter-subunit cross-links. The N-terminus of the subunits in the 13 MDa procapsid is sufficiently dynamic to be studied by solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. NMR measurements enabled the identification and assignment of resonances to specific residues, assessment of the region's behavior within...
Purification and Characterization of a Tissue-type Transglutaminase from Red Sea Bream (Pagrus major)

A tissue-type transglutaminase (TGase) was purified from liver tissue of the red sea bream, Pagrus major, by ion-exchange chromatography and heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Its activity was assessed using a fluorometric assay to measure the incorporation of monodansylcadaverine into N,N'-dimethyl casein. The molecular mass of purified TGase was estimated to be 78 kDa by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme required Ca2+ to express its activity, although 10 mM Sr2+ also activated the enzyme fully. TGase activity was maximal at pH 9.0-9.5, and the enzyme was strongly inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents. The purified enzyme catalyzed the cross-linking of myosin heavy chain obtained from Alaska pollack, resulting in gelation of an actomyosin solution. The partial amino acid sequence of this fish TGase showed divisionally significant similarity to TGase from guinea pig liver.
Superfluid density, penetration depth, and integrated fluctuation conductivity of a model granular superconductor

We study via Monte Carlo simulation the effective superfluid density ${n}_{s}$ and the real part of the integrated fluctuation conductivity, ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{2}$, of a model granular superconductor in which the individual superconducting grains are coupled via Josephson tunneling. The phase-ordering transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ is determined as the temperature at which ${n}_{s}$ goes to zero. Above an intergrain normal-state resistance $R\ensuremath{\sim}{R}_{0}=\frac{\ensuremath{\hbar}}{{e}^{2}}$, ${T}_{c}$ falls significantly below the single-grain transition temperature ${T}_{c0}$, in agreement with our previous Monte Carlo results, and ${n}_{s}$ deviates substantially from typical bulk behavior. At temperature $T=0$, we show analytically that ${n}_{s}$ in site-diluted samples is proportional to the effective conductance of the sample in its normal state. It follows that the zero-temperature penetration depth ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{p}(0)$ of the granular superconductor varies as the square root of the normal-state resistivity. Near percolation, ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{p}(0)\ensuremath{\propto}{(p\ensuremath{-}{p}_{c})}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{t}{2}}$, where $t$ is the percolation exponent describing effective conductivity in composites of normal metal and insulator. A sum rule is derived for ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{2}$, relating it to the Josephson coupling energy. ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{2}$ is found to have two characteristic contributions. One is due to thermodynamic fluctuations and appears near ${T}_{c}$ in ordered and weakly diluted lattices of superconducting grains. The other arises from "impurity modes" associated with sites near vacancies in site-diluted lattices. This contribution persists at all temperatures near or below ${T}_{c}$, and dominates over the first contribution above a site dilution of about 10%. The possibility of observing these effects experimentally is discussed.
On the sustainability of an integrated model system with industrial, ecological, and macroeconomic components

Abstract The issue of sustainability has arisen naturally from the observation that a growing human population is consuming ever increasing amounts of limited natural resources and causing a host of environmental impacts. The management of environmental impacts that are the result of human activities requires an understanding of various forces on a global scale. To begin this process of understanding, we have constructed a simple model system that is closed to mass but open to a non-limiting source of energy. The system includes a resource pool, three plants species, three herbivore species, two carnivore species, a human population, a generalized industrial sector, and an inaccessible resource pool meant to represent polluted or otherwise biologically inaccessible mass. There is also a price-setting macroeconomic model regulating one of the plant species, one of the herbivores, the industrial sector, and the human population. This model system is essentially a very aggregated and simplified mini-world. We use this model system to explore the sustainability of some observed trends in the real world such as increasing material consumption by the human population. We also explore and contrast several industrial policy options including the use of bio-based production versus non-renewable based production. We further consider industrial policy options that could be used to manage environmental impacts.
Unanticipated inflation and the value of the firm

Abstract Evidence presented here indicates that the relationship between stock returns and unexpected inflation differs systematically across firms. The differences are shown to be consistent with cross-sectional variation in firms' nominal contracts (monetary claims and depreciation tax shields). The differences are also partially explained by proxies for underlying firm characteristics that could create interaction between unexpected inflation and operating profitability. Finally, much if not most of the differences appear to arise because unexpected inflation is correlated with changes in expected aggregate real activity, the effects of which tend to vary across firms according to their systematic risk.
Common effects of touch and vision on postural parameters

Subjects stood upright with the index finger of the right hand either touching a nearby surface gently or not touching it at all and with the eyes either open or closed. Trajectories of the center of pressure (COP) were analyzed as fractional Brownian motion. The extracted parameters were the effective diffusion (D) coefficients and Hurst (H) exponents for short-term time intervals (corresponding to positively correlated random walks) and long-term time intervals (corresponding to negatively correlated random walks). Gentle tactile contact reduced the effective stochastic activity measured by D to the same extent as the availability of vision. Further, touch interacted with time interval in the same way as vision, with the correlated activity closer to H = 0.5 at both time scales when the finger contacted the nearby surface. The results corroborate and extend major features of recent investigations of haptic influences on posture and recent analyses of vision's influence on the fractional Brownian motions of the COP. Discussion focused on (a) the equivalence of expropriospecific information (about the body's orientation to the environment) registered haptically and visually and (b) the possibility that postural sway may reflect exploratory motions in the short term (obtaining information about the postural system) and performatory motions in the long term (using this information).
Tuberculosis presenting as carpal tunnel syndrome

A 44-year-old man presented with typical symptoms, signs, and laboratory findings of carpal tunnel syndrome. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured from the flexor tenosynovium excised at surgery. Tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome with unexplained chronic synovitis. The diagnosis may be missed unless a tissue specimen is analyzed specifically with acid-fast stain and culture. Therapy should include excision of involved synovium, early postoperative mobilization, and appropriate chemotherapy.
Design and development of BODIPY-based photoswitchable fluorophores to visualize cell signaling with multispectral super resolution microscopy.

Super resolution microscopy (SRM) has overcome the historic spatial resolution limit of light microscopy, enabling fluorescence visualization of cellular structures and multi-protein complexes at the nanometer scale. Using singlemolecule localization microscopy, the precise location of a stochastically activated population of photoswitchable fluorophores is determined during the collection of many images to form a single image with resolution of ~10-20 nm, an order of magnitude improvement over conventional microscopy. However, the spectral resolution of current SRM techniques are limited by existing fluorophores with only up to four colors imaged simultaneously, limiting the number of intracellular components that can be studied in a single sample. In the current work, a library of novel BODIPY-based fluorophores was synthesized using a solid phase synthetic platform with the goal of creating a set of photoswitchable fluorophores that can be excited by 5 distinct laser lines but emit throughout the spectral range (450-850 nm) enabling multispectral super resolution microscopy (MSSRM). The photoswitching properties of all new fluorophores were quantified for the following key photoswitching characteristics: (1) the number of photons per on cycle (2) the number of on cycles (switching events), (3) the percentage of time the fluorophore spends in the fluorescent on and off states, and (4) the susceptibility of the fluorophore to photobleaching (time of last event). To ensure the accuracy of our photoswitching measurements, our methodology to detect and quantitate the photoswitching properties of individual fluorophore molecules was validated by comparing measured photoswitching properties of three commercial dyes to published results.1 We also identified two efficient methods to positionally isolate fluorophores on coverglass for screening of the BODIPY-based library.
Traversing the Topical Landscape Reading and Writing as Ways of Knowing

In light of recent theoretical and empirical developments in the areas of reading, writing, and learning, this article proposes a view of literacy learning in which various forms of reading and writing are conceptualized as unique ways of thinking about and exploring a topic of study en route to acquiring knowledge. Throughout this article, we take the theoretical position that a topic of study is analogous to a conceptual “landscape” about which knowledge is best acquired by “traversing” it from a variety of perspectives. In this system, different forms of reading and writing represent the “traversal routes” through which an individual can explore a given content domain. Specifically, we wish to argue that more complex or diverse combinations of different forms of reading and writing provide a learner with the means to conduct a more critical inquiry of a topic by virtue of the multiple perspectives or ways of “seeing” and thinking that these reading and writing exchanges permit. Finally, in light of thi...
Seasonal dynamics in dissolved organic carbon concentrations in a coastal water-table aquifer at the forest-marsh interface

The seasonal dynamics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in a subterranean estuary were examined in a coastal water-table aquifer extending across a forest-marsh interface into an adjacent tidal creek that leads to North Inlet (SC). The aquifer is characterized by groundwater flow from the forest recharge area towards the creek. DOC concentrations range from 50 to 140 mg L-1 in the shallow portions of the aquifer below the forest and undergo seasonal changes that are inversely related to temperature and precipitation conditions. Markedly lower DOC concentrations (<10 mg L-1) in the deep portion of the aquifer are consistent with the loss of a large fraction of the original DOC along the groundwater flow paths. Mass balance estimates indicate that over 60% of the DOC losses are due to sorption reactions whereas the rest appear to be caused by heterotrophic decay. Groundwater DOC discharge from the forest, which occurs in a restricted zone of the high marsh, is 5.5 mg carbon m-2 d-1 and accounts for a minor component of the annual carbon export from North Inlet. In contrast, moderately saline (2–12 ppt) ground waters below the marsh display elevated DOC concentrations (∼20 mg L-1) that appear to be the result of mixing of fresh ground waters and surface seawater during tidal seepage and concentration during evapotranspiration. The flux of DOC associated with the discharge of these saline ground waters is 600 mg carbon m-2 d-1, which represents a significant fraction of the annual DOC budget for North Inlet.
A Planet Orbiting the Star ρ Coronae Borealis

We report the discovery of near-sinusoidal radial velocity variations of the G0V star ρ CrB, with period 39.6 days and amplitude 67 m s-1. These variations are consistent with the existence of an orbital companion in a circular orbit. Adopting a mass of 1.0 M☉ for the primary, the companion has minimum mass about 1.1 Jupiter masses and orbital radius about 0.23 AU. Such an orbital radius is too large for tidal circularization of an initially eccentric orbit during the lifetime of the star, and hence we suggest that the low eccentricity is primordial, as would be expected for a planet formed in a dissipative circumstellar disk.
A Single Carrier Method for the Emission Spectrometric Analysis of Uranium-Plutonium Oxides:

The Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory (HEDL) operated by Westinghouse Hanford Co. analyzes Pu-U mixed oxide fuels for some 23 impurity elements by the carrier distillation emission spectrometric technique. The carrier method eliminates the complex emission spectra of Pu and U by the addition of a carrier material which helps to vaporize the more volatile impurities preferentially over the refractory Pu and U oxides. To cover the determination of as many as 23 elements, HEDL has used two carriers—Ga2O3 and NaF. If only one carrier or carrier mix could be used, a considerable savings in time and effort would be realized. This paper describes a single carrier method applied to the impurities analysis of Pu-U mixed oxide fuels using SrF2-Ga2O3 as the carrier.
Completing the L-th power in Z[x]

In this note we give an algorithm for solving the equation:[EQUATION]using MACSYMA. In equation (1) the polynomials with integer coefficients {pi (x)} and the numbers N, K, L and the degree of d(x) are assumed to be known (with K≠O). We look for the polynomial d(x), with integer coefficients, such that the left hand side of (1) is K times a perfect L-th power of some polynomial r(x). We do not know r(x), only that it must have integer coefficients.
A new method for determining the distribution of allergenic fractions in biological materials: Its application to grass pollen extracts

Abstract Dialyzed whole extracts of seven grass pollens representing six botanical tribes were fractionated with the use of a modified starch gel electrophoretic technique. Without prior elution from the gels, individual protein-containing fractions were analyzed for their allergenic properties by direct skin testing in grass pollen-sensitive individuals and for their antigenic components with the use of immunodiffusion against rabbit antisera to highly purified rye grass fractions and to crude grass pollen extracts. Immunochemically distinct groups of antigens, classified as Groups I, II, and III, were found in most of the grass pollens studied, the principal exception being Bermuda which contained none of these groups. Antigens of a particular group but from different pollens possessed similar allergenic properties in the individuals tested. Each individual could be broadly classified on the basis of his skin reactivity to the different antigenic groups.
Spontaneous echo contrast effect as an indicator of flow-limiting coronary stenosis

Abstract Recent development of 2-dimensional intravascular ultrasound imaging allows the use of ultrasound to assess the status of native coronary arteries and bypass grafts in vivo. Previous investigators 1,2 have documented the compatibility of ultrasound, histology and angiography to assess percent stenosis. The case presented here demonstrates additional information that may be obtained from intravascular ultrasound imaging about blood flow.
Electrochemical, structural and surface characterization of nickel/zirconia solid oxide fuel cell anodes in coal gas containing antimony

Abstract The interactions of antimony with the nickel–zirconia anode in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have been investigated. Tests with both anode-supported and electrolyte-supported button cells were performed at 700 and 800 °C in synthetic coal gas containing 100 ppb to 9 ppm antimony. Minor performance loss was observed immediately after Sb introduction to coal gas resulting in ca. 5% power output drop. While no further degradation was observed during the following several hundred hours of testing, cells abruptly and irreversibly failed after 800–1600 h depending on Sb concentration and test temperature. Antimony was found to interact strongly with nickel resulting in extensive alteration phase formation, consistent with expectations based on thermodynamic properties. Nickel antimonide phases, NiSb and Ni 5 Sb 2 , were partially coalesced into large grains and eventually affected electronic percolation through the anode support. Initial degradation was attributed to diffusion of antimony to the active anode/electrolyte interface to form an adsorption layer, while the late stage degradation was due the Ni–Sb phase formation. Assuming an average Sb concentration in coal gas of 0.07 ppmv, a 500 μm thick Ni/zirconia anode-supported cell is not expected to fail within 7 years when operated at a power output of 0.5 W cm −2 and fuel utilization above 50%.
Laboratory and field studies on Glugea stephani (Hagenmuller), a microsporidan parasite of pleuronectid flatfishes.

SYNOPSIS. The microsporidan Glugea stephani is a common parasite of juvenile English sole (Parophrys vetulus) in Yaquina Bay, Oregon. Field observations indicated that fish became infected only in the upper estuary where summer temperatures were above 15 C and the incidence of infection reached 79.8% in the late fall. Laboratory infections developed and parasite growth occurred only at or above 15 C. The parasite was successfully transmitted to juvenile English sole by brine shrimp (Artemia salina) and amphipod (Corophium spinicorne) vectors as well as by direct ingestion of spores by the host. Infections that resulted from ingestion of spore-carrying vectors were much heavier than those resulting from the direct ingestion of spores. The speckled sanddab (Citharichthys stigmaeus), a nonpleuronectid flatfish, and chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) were refractory to G. stephani infection in the laboratory. Results of this study suggest that G. stephani is potentially lethal to young pleuronectid flatfishes when heavy infections involve the entire intestine and reduce the capacity to absorb nutrients. Under these circumstances, starvation is probably the direct or indirect cause of death. The restriction of infection to fish that reach the upper estuary very likely mitigates the impact of G. stephani caused mortality on the entire English sole population on the Yaquina Bay nursery ground.
STABILITY AND DYNAMICS OF NON-LINEAR SLIDER BEHAVIOUR DUE TO DISK WAVINESS IN THE PRESENCE OF INTERMOLECULAR AND ELECTROSTATIC FORCES

In this paper we present a theoretical investigation of the stability and the dynamics of the non-linear behavior of a slider at very low head media spacing. A single DOF head disk interface (HDI) model, with constant air bearing stiffness and damping has been used to study the effect of disk waviness on the nonlinear slider dynamics in the presence of intermolecular and electrostatic forces. A variational approach based on the principle of least action was used to derive the equations of motion of the slider. Further, a stability criteria was derived that helped to better understand the instabilities that appear in slider when the slider is flying in close proximity to the disk surface. Due to extremely nonlinear nature of the interaction between the slider and the disk, we observed some strange features of the motion of the slider. In particular the effects of the nonlinear interaction force, air bearing stiffness and damping on the instabilities of the periodic motions of the slider are discussed in detail. We found that the branch associated to the disk waviness frequencies larger than the resonance frequency is always stable and the branch associated to the disk waviness frequencies smaller than the resonance frequency exhibits two stable domains and one unstable domain. This analysis was further extended to include the nonlinear nature of air bearing stiffness and damping as well as contact at the HDI.© 2005 ASME
Utility of by-product quantum dots obtained during synthesis of Cu2ZnSnS4 colloidal ink

Abstract This manuscript discusses the utilization and evaluation of kesterite modified multicolor quantum dots (QDs) obtained as a by-product during synthesis of photovoltaic kesterite material. It was observed that luminescence and optical properties of these nanocrystals highly depends on many factors such as type of solvent, sulfur source, the concentration of percursors, intercapping ligands and reaction temperature. The investigation indicates that these QDs contain defect levels of copper and tin, that are believed to be responsible for green color luminescence. These QDs are highly stable and maintain their resistance against photodegradation. The maximum quantum yield of these QDs was ∼0.32 and it remains stable for many days. Raman analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy suggest that most of these QDs contain ZnS and some ZnO due to chemisorbed oxygen. A light emitting diode was fabricated using a solid host containing these QDs.
Switching Behavior in Automobile Markets: A Consideration-Sets Model

Consideration-set formation and the direct and indirect consequences of consideration-set size on switching behavior in automobile markets provide the focus for this model development and testing effort. Empirical support is provided for a model revealing that consideration sets, formed as a consequence of prior experience, product knowledge, and satisfaction, play a substantial role in a consumer’s decision to switch or repurchase the same brand acquired on the previous purchase occasion. Consideration sets are shown to affect the switching decision both directly and indirectly (by motivating retailer search activities).
2D:4D ratios predict hand grip strength (but not hand grip endurance) in men (but not in women)

In humans, the ratio of the second digit to the fourth digit — the 2D:4D ratio — is a sexually dimorphic trait (men, on average, exhibit lower 2D:4D ratios than do women) that is influenced by prenatal testosterone exposure, but not by circulating testosterone levels in adulthood. Consequently, 2D:4D ratios are commonly used as indirect measures of prenatal testosterone exposure. Many studies have examined the associations of 2D:4D ratios with sexually dimorphic adaptations that are thought to be influenced by such exposure, including physical prowess. The existing literature, however, remains unclear as to (1) whether 2D:4D ratios are more closely linked to strength or to endurance; and (2) whether 2D:4D ratios are linked with physical prowess for both men and women. In 100 men and 122 women, the relationship of 2D:4D ratios with maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) scores (hand grip strength) and maximum endurance time (MET) scores (local muscular endurance) using a hand dynamometer was examined. Controlling for age, height, weight, and average digit length, we found that 2D:4D ratios significantly predicted MVC scores in men, but not in women. 2D:4D ratios did not significantly predict MET scores for either sex. These results suggest that prenatal testosterone exposure in this sample is significantly related to hand grip strength in men, but not in women (and to local muscular endurance in neither sex), and, therefore, that strength, rather than local muscular endurance, potentially drives the relationship between 2D:4D ratios and physical prowess.
Integrated framework for abnormal event management and process hazards analysis

Process hazards analysis (PHA) and abnormal event management (AEM) are important to plant safety in chemical process industries. PHA deals with the off-line identification, assessment and mitigation of hazards, while AEM addresses process plant malfunctions on-line. Their inherent objectives, however, are similar, such as identifying, avoiding and mitigating hazards, and planning for emergencies. While PHA reasons from causes to consequences, AEM identifies the causes from observed symptoms or faults. The PHA results contain valuable cause and consequence information, safeguards, and other operability issues. AEM can benefit from utilizing this existing knowledge about the plant. However, in current industrial practice, PHA results are not used by operators for AEM purposes. An integrated framework combining both these tasks in a synergistic manner effectively manages and displays information searched from a possibly large number of PHA results, during on-line operation, by using a hierarchical representation of the plant. An automated methodology is developed for this representation based on topology and functional classification of equipment. The application of the integrated framework to an industrial case study is described.
Amalgam: Past, Present, and Future

Silver amalgam restorations have been placed for more than a century, with excellent and with unsatisfactory results. The appearance of an amalgam restoration is dependent on cavity design and preparation, selection of alloy, manipulation of alloy and mercury, contouring and finishing procedures, and age and environment of the restoration. Changes have occurred in amalgam during the years. A recent available dental alloy addition is a dispersion strengthened system. Another system being studied experimentally substitutes about 10 weight percent of gold for silver in the alloy. It is hoped that these new systems will provide dental amalgam with improved clinical quality
Spectral Transmittance Properties of Rare-Earth Glasses

The effects of temperature variations on the spectral transmittance of several rare-earth glasses are noted. Beams of light were passed through samples containing 5% of the oxides of certain rare earths. Temperatures were varied and it was noted that by increasing the temperature, the transmittance at the maxima was decreased and was increased at the minima. No significant shift in the position of the minima with regard to the wavelength could be observed. (L.N.N.)
Alcohol-induced changes in hepatic estrogen-binding proteins: a mechanism explaining feminization in alcoholics.

Abstract Chronic alcoholic men frequently display an apparent hyperestrogenization manifested by enhanced hepatic synthesis of estrogen-responsive proteins as well as many other estrogen-linked tissue alterations. Because of these clinical observations, we assessed the effect of chronic alcohol ingestion, using a rat model, on the levels of two estrogen-binding proteins of male rat liver cytosol. These two estrogen-binding proteins, the estrogen receptor, and an unusual male-specific estrogen binder, differ in specificity for the non-steroidal estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES), permitting development of an assay for each using unfractionated cytosol. The estrogen receptor was labeled with [3H]DES, and the male-specific estrogen binder with [3H]estradiol in the presence of unlabeled DES, since the latter protein does not recognize DES. The specificity of labeling under these conditions was verified by gel filtration chromatography. The livers of rats fed either an alcohol-containing (AF) or isocalorically matched control diet were assayed for the levels of both proteins. The livers of the AF animals had twice the content of estrogen receptor, as compared to the isocalorically matched control group (105 vs 52 fmol/mg cytosol protein). Conversely, the livers of the AF animals had only one-third as much male-specific estrogen binder as did those of the isocalorically matched control group (22 vs 62 pmol/mg cytosol protein). Alcohol feeding also resulted in those animals having smaller testes, seminal vesicles, and prostates, as well as decreased serum testosterone levels. No change in serum estradiol levels occurred after 34 days of alcohol feeding; however, 61 days of alcohol feeding resulted in an increase in serum estradiol levels in the AF animals. These results are incorporated into a proposed model of feminization of the chronic alcoholic male.
Simulation of Summer Monsoon Climate over East Asia with an NCAR Regional Climate Model

Abstract A summertime season climate over east Asia is simulated with a regional climate model (RegCM) developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) to validate the model's capability to produce the basic characteristics of monsoon climate over the region. The RegCM used here is a modified version of the NCAR-Pennsylvania State University Mesoscale Model (MM4), in which the Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme and a detailed radiative transfer package have been implemented for climate application. The model horizontal resolution is 50 km, and the domain covers a 5200 km × 4700 km area encompassing eastern Asia and adjacent ocean regions. The simulation period is June–August 1990, and the model-driving initial and lateral boundary conditions are from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts analyses of observations. The simulated patterns of the monsoon circulation, precipitation, and land-surface temperature are in general agreement with observations, although the model is som...
Using segmented regression to model the density–size relationship in direct-seeded slash pine stands

Abstract This study investigated the application of segmented regression techniques to modeling the trajectory of tree density and quadratic mean diameter through time for individual stands. The full model contains three segments for characterizing the three different stages of the trajectory on a log–log scale. The first segment represents precanopy conditions where no mortality is expected after what normally occurs before initial tree establishment. The next two segments are quadratic functions to accommodate two distinct mortality rates if present in the trajectory. Quadratic functions were selected based on published trajectories for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii Engelm.) in southeastern U.S. A reduced model is formed by simply joining two quadratic segments. Data from direct-seeded slash pine stands used in this study fit the reduced model. The two-segment model requires a join point, which was predicted as a power function of the logarithm of initial stand density. The resulting trajectories matched observed trends in the data reasonably well. The segmented regression approach is appealing for modeling very complicated functional forms such as the density–size relationship presented in this paper.