cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A history of research on surface texture effects

Abstract A historical survey of surface texture effects ranging from pipe flow roughness factors to molecular roughness concepts is presented. Both metallic and elastomeric contact problems have been discussed and reviewed, with perhaps more emphasis on the elastomer-rigid surface interaction. Techniques for measuring surface features are classified according to whether the scale of roughness lies in the macro- or micro-roughness ranges, and the methods are tabulated. Evaluation of the profile which results from these techniques may be statistical or mathematical or both. One-parameter modeling of surface features is reviewed and its deficiencies noted, and a summary of improved three-parameter representation is given in tabular form. It is suggested that at least five parameters are required to uniquely and completely specify surface features in the general case. The effects of texture design on adhesion, hysteresis, lubrication and squeeze films are given, and the subject of macro-elastohydrodynamics has received special emphasis. Finally, the inherent requirements for randomness in surfaces is discussed briefly.
In vitro response of human pulmonary macrophages with volcanic ash: a morphological study.

Abstract The eruption of Mount St. Helens resulted in an exposure of a large population to respirable size dust particles. The toxicity of this dust was of considerable concern. An analysis of the respirable size fraction from three collection sites confirmed that the predominant components were aluminosilicates. The in vitro model was used in the present study to assess the interactions of lavaged human macrophages with sized ash particles. Following incubation periods with the ash of either 5 min, 1 hr, 2 hr, or 18 hr, the cultures were fixed for morphological study. The cell interactions with the ash were studied by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Further clarification as to particulate composition was achieved with X-ray energy-dispersive systemsin terfaced with the electron microscopes. The macrophages from both volunteer smokers and non-smokers readily phagocytized the ash particles and over the time course of this study, displayed no morphological changes attributable to cytotoxic influences of the ash.
Marsh vertical accretion via vegetative growth

Abstract Coastal marshes accrete vertically in response to sea-level rise and subsidence. Inadequate accretion and subsequent conversion of coastal marshes to open water generally is attributed to inadequate mineral sedimentation because mineral sedimentation is widely assumed to control accretion. Using 137Cs dating to determine vertical accretion, mineral sedimentation, and organic matter accumulation, we found that accretion varied with organic accumulation rather than mineral sedimentation across a wide range of conditions in coastal Louisiana, including stable marshes where soil was 80% mineral matter. These results agreed with previous research, but no mechanism had been proposed to explain accretion via vegetative growth. In an exploratory greenhouse experiment, we found that flooding stimulated root growth above the marsh surface. These results indicated the need for additional work to determine if flooding controls accretion in some marshes by stimulating root growth on the marsh surface, rather than by mineral accumulation on the marsh surface. Restoration or management that focus on mineral sedimentation may be ineffective where a relationship between accretion and mineral sedimentation is assumed rather than tested.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-3 signaling up-regulates epidermal growth factor receptor and enhances epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated carcinogenic activities in cultured lung adenocarcinoma cells.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) regulates a wide array of biological functions. However, the role of S1P signaling in tumorigenesis remains to be elucidated. In this study, we show that S1P receptor subtype 3 (S1P3) is markedly up-regulated in a subset of lung adenocarcinoma cells compared to normal lung epithelial cells. Specific knockdown of S1P3 receptors inhibits proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that S1P3 signaling increases epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression via the Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Nuclear run-off analysis indicates that S1P/S1P3 signaling transcriptionally increases EGFR expression. Knockdown of S1P3 receptors diminishes the S1P-stimulated EGFR expression in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Moreover, S1P treatment greatly enhances EGF-stimulated colony formation, proliferation and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Together, these results suggest that the enhanced S1P3-EGFR signaling axis may contribute to the tumorigenesis or progression of lung adenocarcinomas.
Bayes Inference for a Tractable New Class of Non-symmetric Distributions for 3-Dimensional Rotations

Both existing models for non-symmetric distributions on 3-dimensional rotations and their associated one-sample inference methods have serious limitations in terms of both interpretability and ease of use. Based on the intuitively appealing Uniform Axis- Random Spin (UARS) construction of Bingham, Nordman, and Vardeman (2009) for symmetric families of distributions, we propose new highly interpretable and tractable classes of non-symmetric distributions that are derived from mixing UARS distributions. These have an appealing Preferred Axis-Random Spin (PARS) construction and (unlike existing models) directly interpretable parameters. Non-informative one-sample Bayes inference in these models is a direct generalization of UARS methods introduced in Bingham, Vardeman, and Nordman (2009), where credible levels were found to be essentially equivalent to frequentist coverage probabilities. We apply the new models and inference methods to a problem in biomechanics, where comparison of model parameters provides meaningful comparisons for the nature of movement about the calcaneocuboid joint of three different primate subjects.
Morphology of spinal electromotor neurons and presynaptic coupling in the gymnotid Sternarchus albifrons.

Spinal electromotor neurons in the gymnotidSternarchus albifrons were studied by light and electron microscopy. In this species, the electric organ discharge, which is of high and relatively constant frequency, is generated by specialized axons which arise from the spinal electromotor neurons. The cell bodies are located in medial regions of the spinal cord. They are round to ellipsoid in outline and dendrites are not present. The initial myelin segment often extends partially over the cell body. Fine glial lamellae are interposed between closely adjacent cells, and somato-somatic gap junctions are not observed. The large majority of axosomatic synapses are characterized by gap junctions. Single axons are commonly found to establish gap junctions with two adjacent neurons. Only a few synapses have the characteristics associated with chemically mediated transmission. The morphological data provide evidence for electrotonic coupling between electromotor neurons by way of presynaptic fibres. The absence of dendrites in these neurons may provide a morphological correlate for their simple relay function.
Positive psychosocial adjustment in potential bone marrow transplant recipients: Cancer as a psychosocial transition

MARIANNE J. BRADY The examination of psychosocial adjustment in cancer patients requires focusing upon both negative psychosocial sequelae, such as anxiety and depression, and positive sequelae, such as improvements in life outlook or interpersonal relationships. Both positive and negative psychosocial, physical and functional change following the diagnosis of cancer was assessed in a sample (n = 133) of individuals with malignant disease undergoing evaluation for bone marrow transplantation. Positive psychosocial sequelae were frequently reported. Comparison of a subset of cancer patients (n = 60) with a matched group of individuals without a history of cancer (i.e. ‘controls’), revealed that controls also reported a surprising degree of positive psychosocial change across a given period of time. The fact that cancer patients equalled or exceeded controls in the likelihood of reporting positive psychosocial change was, however, noteworthy given the context of physical and functional decline shown by cancer patients. It is concluded that cancer should not be viewed as a stressor with uniformly negative outcomes but rather as a transitional event which creates the potential for both positive and negative change.
Identifying Topics by Position

This paper addresses the problem of identifying likely topics of texts by their position in the text. It describes the automated training and evaluation of an Optimal Position Policy, a method of locating the likely positions of topic-bearing sentences based on genre-specific regularities of discourse structure. This method can be used in applications such as information retrieval, routing, and text summarization.
International cloud‐nomenclature and coding

Since LUKE HOWARD, in 1803, proposed a cloud-nomenclature that was simple enough for the needs of meteorology at that time, there has been an international nomenclature, based essentially on HOWARD, that has grown with the increasing detail of meteorological observations and forecasting. HOWARD distinguished between ice-clouds and liquid clouds, between heaped-up and layer clouds, and between rain-clouds and others.
Preparing to Teach in Developing Nations: Toward a Checklist

Each year thousands of American professors seeking a change ponder whether to take on the challenges of visiting teaching positions at universities in far-off, exotic, and foreboding places, from Uganda to Ecuador to Indonesia. However, there are few guidelines available to help an instructor anticipate the hurdles and challenges of teaching in developing or Third-World nations. This article provides a checklist and discussion on tips for preparing yourself for teaching abroad and for preparing for the culture of the host country. Overseas assignments can be very enriching. However, as expatriate business personnel have learned, successful overseas tours often are predicated on effective preparation for both the assignment and the cultural experience. And, family members need to be included in the decision and preparation process.
COMPLEXITY, PATRONAGE, AND THE DENSITY OF INTEREST GROUPS IN THE AMERICAN STATES

This paper provides a system level analysis of interest group density. It contains two primary sections. The first develops a supply side theory of the American state interest group system. The second uses state level data across three time periods to test several hypotheses generated by the theory. The theory of interest group density is based on a four-cell typology of government and economic capacity, which focuses on how external and political environments determine the number of interest groups within states. The theory is unique because it emphasizes the role of resources and patrons in the micro level dynamic of interest group formation. This factor has been largely overlooked in the literature on state interest groups.
202 THE CHANGING SPECTRUM OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS (IE): AN ANALYSIS OF 26 CASES AT YALE-NEW HAVEN HOSPITAL, 1970–1979

202 THE CHANGING SPECTRUM OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS (IE): AN ANALYSIS OF 26 CASES AT YALE-NEW HAVEN HOSPITAL, 1970–1979
Legal aspects of communication with and about the pediatric patient.

While it is true that good nursing care, like all good health care, is in large part dependent on effective communication between the nurse and the patient, difficulties can arise when the need to communicate or obtain information about a minor patient's condition or treatment conflicts with the patient's right of privacy and/or the rights of the patient's parents or guardian. Unfortunately, this topic is too complex to lend itself to a simple explanation. Therefore, rather than attempt a general discussion of the legal concepts at issue, it is more efficient to break the topic down into a series of questions touching on issues that arise frequently.
High efficiency nanocomposite sorbents for CO2 capture based on amine-functionalized mesoporous capsules

A novel high efficiency nanocomposite sorbent for CO2 capture has been developed based on oligomeric amine (polyethylenimine, PEI, and tetraethylenepentamine, TEPA) functionalized mesoporous silica capsules. The newly synthesized sorbents exhibit extraordinary capture capacity up to 7.9 mmol g−1 under simulated flue gas conditions (pre-humidified 10% CO2). The CO2 capture kinetics were found to be fast and reached 90% of the total capacities within the first few minutes. The effects of the mesoporous capsule features such as particle size and shell thickness on CO2 capture capacity were investigated. Larger particle size, higher interior void volume and thinner mesoporous shell thickness all improved the CO2 capacity of the sorbents. PEI impregnated sorbents showed good reversibility and stability during cyclic adsorption–regeneration tests (50 cycles).
Getting World Going in Margaret Atwood's Oryx and Crake

ABSTRACTIn this article I explore Nancy's understanding of “sense” as world: the two are inseparably entwined, which is why to speak of a sense of the world is tautological. Nancy reflects on philosophy's role in this crystallization of “sense” as world (and world as sense), identifying it as writing on the border between myth and “the abyss.” Philosophy is a style of writing that opens the (sense of the) world between the always-relative projection (“myth”) and the absolute annihilation of meaning (“the abyss”). My own interest is not so much in philosophy's role as in literature's, and to begin such an exploration the dystopian novel, a generic hybrid between philosophy and fiction, appears as an ideal first case study. I have chosen Margaret Atwood's Oryx and Crake because as an apocalyptical (re-)creation myth, complete with the emergence of new animals and new humans, it seems particularly well-suited to this reflection.
The Challenges of Developing a Pediatric Ventricular Assist Device From a Fluid Dynamics Perspective

As a medical device proves successful in adult patients, it is anticipated that a similar solution for pediatrics may be developed. However, in many cases this task has proved to be much more complex than simply scaling the device down for a miniature adult patient. Pediatric patients present a unique set of characteristics and constraints not seen in adults. These include a large range of sizes from infants to adolescents, the possible growth of the patient during use, possible anatomical deformities and a body that has not fully matured.© 2010 ASME
Time course of the septal rage syndrome

Abstract Emotional reactivity following septal lesions in albino rats was investigated under four different postoperative handling conditions. When handled once a day, reactivity returned to normal within 6 days. However, if the animals were handled 12 times during the first postoperative day, they remained hyperreactive. When left undisturbed for 6 days following surgery, septal animals showed hyperreactivity on the first handling, but returned to normal levels within a few hr. It was suggested that dissipation of the septal syndrome is dependent on the distribution of handling rather then the amount.
Preparation of indium tin oxide films at room temperature by pulsed laser deposition

Abstract The electrical and optical properties of room temperature laser deposited indium tin oxide films were studied. It was found that the resistivity of the film was quite sensitive to the deposition conditions. At the optimized conditions, film with a bulk resistivity value of 2.8 × 10 −4 Ω cm and optical transmission of greater than 90% could be obtained. By using an in situ resistance measurement, it was shown that the initial growth mode was via island formation. Additionally, a classic transition from two- to three-dimensional behavior for the resistance was observed. The mean free path obtained was 550 A.
Library in an App: Testing the Usability of Boopsie as a Mobile Library Application

Boopsie, Inc. develops mobile applications for libraries, universities, conferences, and businesses. The researchers in this study investigated the usability of the Boopsie mobile application for a medium-sized academic library. Based on data collected from a series of qualitative interviews with undergraduate students, this research captured the users' experiences finding several types of information using a mobile application created by Boopsie. Three thematic findings emerged from seven study participants: Libraries should carefully select resources and features for inclusion in mobile applications; the simplicity of the mobile application interface offers some advantages over a conventional library Web site; and users may find the application more compelling for in-depth research than for answering quick questions. As result of this research, one library made modifications to its Boopsie application to improve usability. The results offer librarians or libraries practical advice about the promises and...
Successful Integration of Informal Learning in Engineering Education

Abstractâ?? Research suggests that an emerging environment of ubiquitous information technology affords seamless movement between formal learning, informal learning, and the workplace. This paper reviews research data from one successful teaching and learning methodology that leverages seamless movements between informal and formal learning in engineering education. The research is an ongoing pilot study at the University of Hartford using data from selected technical mathematics and communication electronics courses. The research data suggests that clearly defined academic jurisdictions have a positive correlation with successful integration of formal learning, informal learning, and the workplace. However, themes from the data also suggest that crossing academic boundaries involves more than technology issues and could raise the specter of unintended social-dramas. One theme suggests that, in a seamless environment without clearly defined academic jurisdictions, opportunities for collaboration could be misinterpreted as encroachments. To mitigate issues of competing jurisdictional interests this study employs Learner Agent Objects (LAO) individual portfolios. LAO portfolios are collections of evidence-based artifacts representing a learner's academic experience that independently moves with the learner as data network nodes between jurisdictions in engineering education and the workplace.
A perennial philosophy perspective on Richard Rorty's neopragmatism

In Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature Richard Rorty delivers a devastating critique of those strands of modern philosophy which concern themselves with trying to discover the truth about things, or, in the analytic mode, which attempt to define criteria for the truth values of statements about things.1 Two years after the publication of Rorty's book Seyyed Hossein Nasr, an Islamic philosopher and historian of science and mysticism, delivered the Gifford Lectures, subsequently published as Knowledge and the Sacred.2 In his highly articulate and intensely complex summary of what has been called "perennial philosophy," he too provides a powerful critique of modern philosophy, particularly positivism and linguistic analysis. What is intriguing is that the critique from the perspective of the perennial philosophy, that philosophy arising from mystical traditions, sounds very much like Rorty's neo -pragmatism. Less surprising is that the visions of the role and nature of philosophy which motivate each critique differ dramatically. These differences, we believe, are grounded in the anthropologies, the human images, which underlie the two positions and from which they argue.3 It is our task in this study (1) to explore the criticisms of modern philosophy offered from each position; (2) to compare their arguments and their underlying human images or philosophical anthropologies.
A structural constitutive model for right ventricular myocardium

Although right-ventricular (RV) function is an important determinant of cardio-pulmonary performance in health and disease, RV myocardium biomechanical function has received little attention. In particular, no multiaxial data of the full-thickness RV have been reported for the passive or active myocardial states, for either normal or pathological conditions. Since an understanding of tissue-level biomechanical behavior is integral to connecting cellular behavior to organ-level performance, investigations into the RV myocardial stress-strain relationship are central in providing this link. For example, ventricular wall stress is considered to be a major driver of ventricular remodeling, and thus a better understanding of how wall stress and deformation are linked would provide unique insight into the mechanisms of RV function and ultimately failure in disease. Such knowledge would have direct applicability to improving methods to detect RV dysfunction, predicting response to disease-specific therapies and improving the timing of therapy if or when needed. Here, we present the first report on the multiaxial biomechanical behavior of viable full-thickness right-ventricular free wall (RVFW) myocardium and our initial efforts in developing a structural constitutive model for this remarkable tissue.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Hydrogen peroxide emissions from a hydrogen fueled engine

Abstract The previously used KMnO4 titration method for measuring hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) emissions in hydrogen fueled engines was found to produce erroneous results. A phenol-ferrous sulfate solution method was found to solve the problems associated with the use of KMnO4. H2O2 concentration in the exhaust of a hydrogen engine was found to be negligibly small during normal operation.
Patterns of Dinnertime Interaction in Divorced and Non-Divorced Families

Abstract To compare verbal non-conflict interactions among parents and children in both single- and two-parent homes, dinnertime conversation for 82 families was analyzed. It was learned that conversation in the single parent homes was characterized by fewer talk turns and less parental input. The conversation in father custody dinners was more focused on the concrete exchange of dinnertime materials than either of the other households. Girls spoke more than did boys, and mothers were more active in conversation than were fathers in each comparison group.
Maturation of cerebellar granule cells is delayed in cultures derived from ethanol-treated chick embryos: Survival and proliferation studies

Abstract Previous studies from this laboratory have shown that ethanol administration to chick embryos during embryonic days 1–3, a critical period of neuroembryogenesis, differentially affects primordial CNS structures. In this study, chick embryos were treated in ovo with ethanol (10 mg/50 μl/day) at E1 to E3. At 14 days of embryonic age cerebellar (E14CE) granule cell cultures were prepared from both control and ethanol-treated embryos. Growth patterns were evaluated morphologically and the neuronal nature of these cultures was evaluated immunocytochemically. E14CE granule cell cultures exhibited neurofilament immunoreactivity demonstrating the neuronal-nature of these cultures. In addition E14CE granule cultures contained numerous glutamateric neurons as assessed by positive glutamate immunoreactivity and also some GABAergic neurons as assessed by positive GABA immunoreactivity. Cultures derived from both control and ethanol-treated embryos were labeled with 3 H-thymidine and assessed for effects on survival and proliferation in culture. Cultures derived from ethanol-treated embryos showed a higher rate of proliferation and survival during the first 3 days in culture as compared to those derived from controls. However, after 3 days in culture, survival was lower in the cultures from ethanol-treated embryos as compared to those derived from controls. We interpret these findings to mean that (a) ethanol arrested cerebellar granule cell development at an immature state; (b) immature neurons have a higher survival capacity than differentiated neurons; and (c) ethanol accelerates normal neuronal cell death as previously reported.
Synaptic Plasticity: Importance of Proteasome-Mediated Protein Turnover

The ubiquitin-proteasome system regulates protein degradation in every eukaryotic cell. Recent work has shown that protein turnover mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a key role in synaptic plasticity.
Holocene Alluvial Fills in the South Loup Valley, Nebraska

Four Holocene alluvial fills are present in Nebraska's South Loup River valley. Fill IV, the oldest and thickest, was deposited between 10,200 and 4800 14C yr B.P.; Fill III has an age of about 3000 14C yr B.P.; Fill II is younger than 2100 and older than 900 14C yr B.P.; and Fill I is younger than 900 14C yr B.P. Regional contemporaneity of valley alluviation in the eastcentral Great Plains suggests that climate has controlled long-term sediment storage in the South Loup River valley.
THE PHYLOGENY OF CAULERPA BASED ON RDNA INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER SEQUENCES

Phylogenetic hypotheses for the pantropical marine green algal genus, Caulerpa, were inferred based on analyses of nuclear-encoded rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Results of these analyses were used to assess the correspondence between rDNA phylogeny and traditional sectional taxonomy, to identify synapomorphic morphological characters (including assimilator morphology and chloroplast ultrastructure), and to examine marine biogeographic hypotheses for the genus. Ribosomal DNA ITS sequences were aligned for thirty-three species and intraspecific taxa of Caulerpa. Results indicate limited correspondence between phylogeny and sectional taxonomy for the genus, (e.g., the sections Filicoideae and Sedoideae were not monophyletic). In contrast, chloroplast morphology could be mapped to the tree topology with limited homoplasy. Pantropical isolates of the filicoidean species, Caulerpa sertularioides and Caulerpa mexicana each formed monophyletic groups. Caulerpa reyesii was included as a derived taxon within the Caulerpa taxifolia clade, suggesting that these species were conspecific and affirmed the lack of correspondence between phylogeny and assimilator morphology. Isolates and various intraspecific taxa of Caulerpa racemosa did not form a monophyletic group. Instead, these taxa formed a heterogeneous assemblage with other sedoidean and filicoidean taxa. Within the C. sertularioides clade, Caribbean and Atlantic isolates formed a basal paraphyletic group, whereas eastern and western Pacific isolates formed a more derived monophyletic group. Therefore, these results are not consistent with an Indo-West Pacific origin of this species.
Odor-elicited activity monitored simultaneously from 124 regions of the salamander olfactory bulb using a voltage-sensitive dye

In response to controlled, odor pulse stimulation of the olfactory receptor mucosa, large fluorescence signals were recorded simultaneously from 124 contiguous anatomical regions of the salamander olfactory bulb using the potentiometric probe RH 414. The amplitudes and waveforms of the signals varied systematically across the bulbar surface in apparent correspondence with the laminae of the bulbar neurons. Qualitatively similar results were obtained using both intact and decorporate preparations, although fluorescence signals obtained from intact animals were distorted by optical noise generated by mechanical disturbances related to the functioning cardiovascular system. These results indicate that multiple site optical recording can be used to obtain information about spatio-temporal patterning of bulbar electrical activity evoked by physiological odor stimulation of the receptor mucosa. This is the first demonstration that activity elicited by a single, one second odor stimulus at physiological concentration and duration can be measured across many elements in the olfactory bulb. Information provided by this approach, in combination with complementary data derived from 2-deoxyglucose and single unit studies, may yield a better understanding of how the vertebrate central nervous system extracts quality and concentration information from olfactory afferent input.
Are Reputation and Power Compensating Differentials in CEO Compensation

This study develops and tests an inclusive, interdisciplinary model of executive compensation using agency theory as a foundation. The study introduces a theory-based multidimensional size index measure, and extends the literature by the inclusion of nonpecuniary compensation (prestige and power) in the model. The empirical test used data from chief executive officer (CEO) compensation in 72 US firms covering a six-year period. A direct relationship between CEO compensation and firm size, ownership concentration, and firm profit performance was empirically supported. The firm's reputation was a statistically significant factor in the 1986–1988 time period.
The absence of brown adipose tissue in birds

Abstract 1. 1. A number of avian species was examined histologically for the occurrence of brown adipose tissue. The birds included a variety of adult and neonate hummingbirds, swifts, goatsuckers and a vulture. Body regions examined were cervical, cardiac, axillary, femoral and interscapular. 2. 2. No brown adipose tissue was found in the several hundred sections prepared from the eleven birds.
The distinction between the exposed regions and the buried regions of apoproteins in high density lipoproteins by their reactivities with pronase.

Abstract Pronase digestion was used to study the surface disposition of apoproteins on high density lipoproteins. After digestion the average density of high density lipoproteins decreased from 1.14 to 1.10 g/ml. The immunoreactivities of apoproteins A-II, C-II, and C-III were completely destroyed, but 80% of the reactivity of ApoA-I was retained. Only 5–10% of ApoA-I reacts with anti ApoAI antisera in intact high density lipoproteins. The similar accessibility of ApoA-I to pronase and to antibodies suggests that pronase hydrolyzes only the exposed regions of protein moieties. Pronase may be an ideal probe for distinguishing the exposed regions of apoproteins in lipoproteins from those that are buried.
Fecund gynogenic lines from onion (Allium cepa L.) breeding materials

Abstract We report the successful production of large numbers of fecund spontaneous and induced doubled haploid (DH) onion lines from pungent and mild materials developed in our long day onion breeding program. Culture of 3–5 mm unopened flower buds on modified BDS medium was the most efficient and convenient method for recovery of gynogenic plants. Over 1100 gynogenic plants were produced from approximately 47,000 flowers cultured between 1999 and 2001. All groups of donors tested were responsive although the level of gynogenic response varied significantly among them. About 15% of the gynogenic plants recovered were spontaneous diploids. Most others (82%) were haploids, requiring induced chromosome doubling. High survival and doubling frequencies were achieved by colchicine treatment (200–400 mg/l colchicine in liquid medium for 48 h) of whole basal explants from 2- to 4-month-old in vitro haploid plants. Some shifts in ploidy classes were seen after bulbs were vernalized and re-sprouted. Viable selfed seeds were recovered from many diploid as well as mixoploid and tetraploid gynogenic plants. The number of seeds per plant varied from 2 to over 600. Progeny from two induced and five spontaneous diploid lines that were grown for observation showed uniform growth, similar to highly inbred lines. Bulbs of these plants showed excellent uniformity in shape and color with little variation in bulb size, indicating their DH origin. Advantages and difficulties of application of DH techniques in onion breeding are discussed.
Civil service appointing procedure

All human relationships involve potential complications. Personnel administration is no exception. In the administration of personnel in the public service the situation is seemingly intensified by the existence of statutes and rules which govern employment operations. The State Constitution and the Civil Service Law are mandates of the people and of their representatives in the Legislature. The Civil Service Commission is responsible for administering these mandates through the adoption of suitable rules and regulations. There is no choice given to those who administer the law, or who operate under it, of accepting that part of it which they like and rejecting that which they do not. Consequently, thorough appreciation of the intent, method of application, and limitation of these legal controls is essential. It is toward that end that the writer urges your efforts.
Velocity of second sound and mutual friction in rotating helium II

The dependence of ${u}_{2}$, the velocity of second sound, on the angular velocity $\ensuremath{\omega}$ has been measured in rotating helium II in the temperature range $1.40l~Tl~2.05$ K. A linear dependence of ${u}_{2}$ on $\ensuremath{\omega}$ was observed for the entire experimental range of angular velocities $\ensuremath{\omega}l~4$ rad/sec. The slopes can be accurately described by the relation $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}{u}_{2}}{{u}_{20}}=\ensuremath{-}(\frac{1}{2})\frac{{B}_{2}\ensuremath{\omega}}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}$, where $\frac{\ensuremath{\sigma}}{2\ensuremath{\pi}}$ is the second-sound frequency. The mutual friction parameter ${B}_{2}$ in this relation was previously calculated from experimental values of the parameters ${B}_{1}$ and $B_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ by Mehl. Experimental values of ${B}_{2}$ determined from the slopes $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}{u}_{2}}{\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\omega}}$ are in excellent agreement with the calculated values over the entire temperature range $1.40l~Tl~2.05$ K. This agreement provides new support for the correctness of the Hall-Vinen theory of the interaction of second sound with vortex lines. The dependence of the parameter ${B}_{1}$ on second-sound frequency has also been measured. The agreement of the results with the Hall-Vinen theory also provides new support for the detailed correctness of this theory.
Optimizing the expression of chimeric genes in plant cells

The Serratia marcescens chiA gene encodes a secreted chitinase activity which contributes to the fungal growth inhibition exhibited by this bacterium. The coding region from the chiA gene was fused to the promoter and 3′ polyadenylation region of the Agrobacterium nopaline synthase gene. Site-directed mutagenesis of specific nucleotides surrounding the initiating AUG of the coding sequence of this chimeric gene resulted in up to an eight-fold increase in the amount of chitinase protein detected in transformed plant tissue. Analysis of the chiA mRNA indicated that these nucleotides also affected mRNA levels. At least 50% of the chitinase protein produced in transformed tobacco cells was the same molecular weight as the S. marcescen secreted protein.
Property A for groups acting on metric spaces

Abstract Gouliang Yu has introduced a property of discrete metric spaces and groups called property A which implies the coarse Baum–Connes Conjecture and hence the Novikov Higher Signature Conjecture. In this paper we extend a result of Jean-Louis Tu to conclude that a group acting by isometries on a metric space with finite asymptotic dimension whose d -stabilizers have property A, also has property A. As a result, we conclude a theorem of Tu, according to which, a fundamental group of a finite graph of groups whose vertices have property A also has property A.
Tunable Micro-Undulators For Free Electron Lasers

We present the test results of a novel microwiggler structure [1] for free-electron lasers, in which, each 2.4 mm period consists of two channels of miniature electro magnets energized by current with opposite polarities. The magnetic field in each half-period is independently controllable and the tunability is demonstrated experimentally, which may provide means for reducing random field errors; for field tapering; for optical klystron configurations; and for electron beam injection.
Injection characteristics of non-swirling and swirling annular liquid sheets

AbstractA simplified mathematical model, based on body-fitted coordinates, is formulated to study the evolution of non-swirling and swirling liquid sheets emanated from an annular nozzle in a quies...
Group-Foraging Effects on Capture Rate in Wading Birds

Abstract. Group foraging is common among wading birds, and the reasons why individuals forage in groups are of theoretical and practical interest. Although aggregations of foraging wading birds usually form within patches of high-quality habitat, individual wading birds can sometimes increase success by foraging near others. We investigated the hypothesis that individuals derive a benefit from foraging in groups separate from benefits due to habitat quality. We measured the capture rates of birds foraging solitarily and in groups at foraging sites and paired unused sites and used generalized linear mixed models and information-theoretic model selection to access the evidence that individuals increase their foraging success when foraging in groups. The capture rate of Great Egrets (Ardea alba) in groups was higher, supporting the hypothesis that individuals benefit from the presence of other foragers. This rate was highest in intermediate-sized groups but tapered off in larger groups, suggesting that inter...
Interactions between Conjugated Polymers and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

The chemical interactions between single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and two structurally similar polymers, poly{(m-phenylenevinylene)-co-[(2,5-dioctyloxy-p-phenylene)vinylene]}, or PmPV, and poly{(2,6-pyridinylenevinylene)-co-[(2,5-dioctyloxy-p-phenylene)vinylene]}, or PPyPV, are investigated. The fundamental difference between these two polymers is that PPyPV is a base and is readily protonated via the addition of HCl. Both polymers promote chloroform solubilization of SWNTs. We find that the SWNT/PPyPV interaction lowers the pKa of PPyPV. Optoelectronic devices, fabricated from single polymer-wrapped SWNT structures, reveal a photogating effect on charge transport which can rectify or amplify current flow through the tubes. For PmPV wrapped tubes, the wavelength dependence of this effect correlates to the absorption spectrum of PmPV. For PPyPV, the wavelength dependence correlates with the absorption spectrum of protonated PPyPV, indicating that SWNTs assist in charge stabilization.
A safety assessment of tumor necrosis factor antagonists during pregnancy

Importance of the field: Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs are being increasingly utilized in the treatment of many autoimmune disorders. TNF-α antagonists have become the standard of care in treating many of these autoimmune diseases. Because these autoimmune disorders often affect women in their childbearing years, the safety of anti-TNF therapy in pregnancy becomes important.Areas covered in this review: We critically review the current literature on anti-TNF therapy safety in pregnancy. The available data regarding the anti-TNFs in the setting of pregnancy from 1999 to the present are reviewed.What the reader will gain: Case reports and small case series have produced conflicting results, yet their results should only be viewed with cautious interest. Two database reviews suggest little to no risk of congenital anomalies, whereas a much larger independent review of the FDA database reveals congenital anomalies born to mothers who were exposed to anti-TNFs during pregnancy. An ongoing prospective r...
Continuous current and temperature rise in aircraft cables

THE current capacity of aircraft cables in the simplest of environmental conditions is governed by many variables whose relations cannot be made explicit easily. For this reason, most current ratings have been determined empirically. The desirability of having a method for calculating current ratings becomes evident when changes are made in cable or in the cable environment. Improved insulation, lighter conductors, and higher ambient and operating temperatures are some of the more important factors which affect current ratings.
Musical training heightens auditory brainstem function during sensitive periods in development.

Experience has a profound influence on how sound is processed in the brain. Yet little is known about how enriched experiences interact with developmental processes to shape neural processing of sound. We examine this question as part of a large cross-sectional study of auditory brainstem development involving more than 700 participants, 213 of whom were classified as musicians. We hypothesized that experience-dependent processes piggyback on developmental processes, resulting in a waxing-and-waning effect of experience that tracks with the undulating developmental baseline. This hypothesis led to the prediction that experience-dependent plasticity would be amplified during periods when developmental changes are underway (i.e., early and later in life) and that the peak in experience-dependent plasticity would coincide with the developmental apex for each subcomponent of the auditory brainstem response. Consistent with our predictions, we reveal that musicians have heightened response features at distinctive times in the life span that coincide with periods of developmental change and climax. The effect of musicianship is also quite specific: we find that only select components of auditory brainstem activity are affected, with musicians having heightened function for onset latency, high frequency phase-locking, and response consistency, and with little effect observed for other measures, including lower frequency phase-locking and non-stimulus-related activity. By showing that musicianship imparts a neural signature that is especially evident during childhood and old age, our findings reinforce the idea that the nervous system’s response to sound is “chiseled” by how a person interacts with his specific auditory environment, with the effect of the environment wielding its greatest influence during certain privileged windows of development.
A mechanism for female choice of large males in the treefrog Hyla chrysoscelis

In this study, we combine both field and laboratory experiments to address the effects of female preference for certain call characteristics on a large-male mating advantage in the treefrog H. chrysoscelis. In laboratory-choice experiments, females always chose the call with the lower fundamental frequency when call rate and call intensity were held constant and the difference in frequency between the two calls was 15%. The lower frequency call was preferred by 8 out of 12 females when the difference in fundamental frequency was 7.4%. These results are consistent with field comparisons of the size of unmated males calling within 2 m of a mated male: Male body size was negatively correlated with fundamental frequency and the greater the size difference, the more likely that the larger male mated. In field choice experiments, females preferred males with higher call rates. Since size differences between males used in this experiment averaged only 2.3 mm, we would not expect the fundamental frequency of a male's call to be the best predictor of mating success. Laboratory results demonstrated that call rate could override female preference for the ‘low frequency’ call over the ‘high frequency’ call, while intensity could at least dilute this preference. However, individual males in the field varied both call rate and the call intensity as perceived by the female. We suggest that the interaction between call rate, male size and mating success should be studied further through the use of field-choice experiments.
An alternative approach of operating a passive RFID device embedded on metallic implants

This paper presents a method of using volume conduction for communication with implanted passive RFID devices. Generating mainly electric field through human tissue, this method can reduce the interference with metallic implants when RFID devices are attached to the implants. Exterior and interior electrodes are designed for efficient energy and signal transmission. Experiments with a saline box are conducted to study the signal attenuation through biological tissue and the feasibility of using volume conduction for RFID devices close to in vivo metallic materials.
Bicuspid aortic valves are associated with increased wall and turbulence shear stress levels compared to trileaflet aortic valves

Congenital bicuspid aortic valves (BAVs) are associated with accelerated disease progression, such as leaflet calcification and ascending aorta dilatation. Although common underlying genetic factors have been implicated in accelerated disease in BAV patients, several studies have suggested that altered hemodynamics also play a role in this disease process. The present study compares turbulence and wall shear stress (WSS) measurements between various BAV and trileaflet aortic valve (TAV) models to provide information for mechanobiological models of BAV disease. BAV and TAV models were constructed from excised porcine aortic valves to simulate parametric variations in BAV stenosis, hemodynamics and geometry. Particle image velocimetry experiments were conducted at physiological pressure conditions to characterize velocity fields in the ascending aorta. The velocity fields were post-processed to calculate turbulence, viscous and wall shear stresses in the ascending aorta. Stenosed BAV models showed the presence of eccentric systolic jets, causing increased WSS. Lower cardiac output resulted in a narrower jet, lower turbulence and lower viscous shear stress (VSS). The specific severe stenosis BAV model studied here showed reduced WSS due to reduction in non-fused leaflet mobility. Dilation of the aorta did not affect any turbulence or VSS, but reduced the WSS. In comparison with BAVs, TAVs have similar VSS values, but much smaller WSS and turbulence levels. These increased turbulence and WSS levels in BAVs may play a key role in amplifying the biological responses of the ascending aorta wall and valvular leaflets, and support the hemodynamic underpinnings of BAV disease processes.
Responses to controlling gastrointestinal parasitism in dairy cattle.

Sixty-eight Holstein heifers, paired on milk production potential and season of birth, were randomly assigned within pairs to a control or treatment group to evaluate the effect of raising replacement heifers on a prophylactic anthelmintic regimen. The anthelmintic, thiabendazole (6.6 g/100 kg body weight), was administered orally as a paste at 2.5, 3.5, 6, 9, and 14 mo of age and at parturition. The control group received no thiabendazole. Fecal samples were collected from both groups at the time of thiabendazole treatment. Days to first service were 457.1 and 457.8 for the control and treatment groups. There were no differences in services per conception or days to first calving. Nematode eggs per 5 g of feces were similar at 2.5 mo (.6 and .8), 3.5 mo (38.6 and 22.4), 6 mo (40.2 and 43.1), 9 mo (39.0 and 22.4), 14 mo (55.2 and 22.4), or parturition (16.5 and .4). There were no differences in body weight changes over the first 18 mo of age. Subsequent first lactations were similar (9422 and 8710 kg 305-d mature equivalent, for twice daily milking) as was actual milk production for the first 120 d of lactation. Under these environmental conditions and apparently low parasitism in this herd, thiabendazole did not substantially influence nematode egg count and had no effects on body weight gains or milk production.
Memory Books and Other Graphic Cuing Systems: Practical Communication and Memory Aids for Adults with Dementia by Michelle Bourgeois

Michelle Bourgeois has been publishing from her research on Alzheimer's care since receiving her first individual grant in 1988 on caregiver training. In May 2008 she was awarded the Reisberg Award...