cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Theophylline serum protein binding in obstructive airways disease

The percentage of theophylline bound to protein in sera obtained from patients with obstructive airways disease was determined by ultrafiltration. The bound theophylline fraction in 71 serum specimens collected from 51 patients was 60.7 +/- 10.0% (mean +/- SD) and from 30.8% to 83.2%. The correlation between unbound serum theophylline concentration and total concentration (range 0.8 to 90 mg/l) was linear (r = 0.97, p less than 0.001). Theophylline binding correlated poorly with serum albumin (r = 0.39) and total serum protein (r = 0.35), although the correlations were statistically significant (p less than 0.05), Theophylline binding in women did not differ from that in men. The extent of theophylline binding in younger patients was greater than in patients over 55 yr (64.3 +/- 8.5% and 57.0 +/- 10.4%, p less than 0.005). Variation in theophylline binding in 12 patients from whom two or more serum samples were collected was relatively small. Analysis of variance showed interpatient variation in theophylline binding (p less than 0.01) but not between sampling occasions in the same patient. The demonstrated variability in serum protein binding of theophylline should influence theophylline distribution and elimination kinetics and may be another determinant of clinical response. Patients with lower binding levels should have higher plasma levels of unbound drug after a loading dose and will need more frequent dosing.
Evolution of Signal Processing Algorithms using Vector Based Genetic Programming

This paper demonstrates that FIFTHTM, a new vector-based genetic programming (GP) language, can automatically derive very effective signal processing algorithms directly from signal data. Using symbol rate estimation as an example, we compare the performance of a standard algorithm against an evolved algorithm. The evolved algorithm uses a novel approach in developing a symbol transition feature vector and achieves an impressive 97.7% overall accuracy in the defined problem domain, far exceeding the performance of the standard algorithm. These results suggest that vector based GP approaches could be useful in developing more expressive features for a large class of signal processing and classification problems.
Racial differences in attitudes toward professional mental health care and in the use of services

Differences in attitudes toward seeking professional mental health care and in the utilization of mental health services were examined by analyzing the second part of the National Comorbidity Survey. Prior to use of services, African Americans were found to have more positive attitudes than whites toward seeking such services, but less likely to use them. After utilization, their attitudes were found to be less positive than those of whites.
Robotic partial nephrectomy for cystic renal masses: a comparative analysis of a matched-paired cohort.

Objective To compare the outcomes of robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) for cystic and solid renal neoplasms. Methods Our RPN database was queried to identify consecutive patients who underwent RPN for cystic and solid renal masses in the period between July 2007 and July 2013. Cystic renal masses were diagnosed on cross-sectional imaging (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging). Matching was done between the patients with cystic renal masses and patients with solid renal masses (1:1 matching) by age, gender, tumor size, and nephrometry score. Results Of 647 cases, 55 patients with cystic masses (group 1) were matched with 55 patients with solid tumors (group 2). There was no cyst rupture or positive surgical margin observed in group 1. The volume of resected rim of healthy renal parenchyma surrounding the tumor was the same for both groups (P = .9). There was no difference between the groups in terms of percentage of glomerular filtration rate preservation postoperatively (85% vs 86%; P = .94). There was no difference in term of overall complications between the 2 groups. Thirty patients (54.5%) in group 1 and 47 patients (85.5%) in group 2 had renal cell carcinoma (P = .0001). Conclusion RPN can be safely and effectively performed when treating a suspicious cystic renal neoplasm with outcomes resembling those obtained for solid masses. Thus, when a cystic renal mass in encountered, nephron-sparing surgery can be offered and RPN represents an effective tool for this approach.
Multiple-Fault Diagnosis Based on Single-Fault Activation and Single-Output Observation

In this paper, we propose a new circuit transformation technique in conjunction with the use of a special diagnostic test pattern, named SO-SLAT pattern, to achieve higher multiple-fault diagnosis resolutions. For a given list of candidate faults, which could be stuck-at, transition, bridging, or other faults, we generate a set of SO-SLAT patterns, each of which attempts to activate only one fault in the list and propagate its effects to only one observation point. Observing the responses to SO-SLAT patterns helps more precisely identify fault candidates. The method can also tolerate most of the timing hazards for more accurate diagnosis of failures caused by timing faults. The experimen tal results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for diagnosing multiple faults.
What Are They Thinking When We're Teaching Critical Thinking?

The teaching of critical thinking is an important part of gifted program curricula. This descriptive study address es the issue of the effectiveness of such teaching by comparing student perceptions of a lesson on critical thinking with teachers' stated objectives. The students' perceptions were compared to their teachers' stated objective obtained in separate interviews. Teacher and student responses were stimulated by videotapes of the lessons. The findings indicate that gifted students are able to identify the teacher's intentions and to articulate their own mental processes as they work through a thinking procedure in a lesson.
The case for retiming with explicit reset circuitry

Retiming is often used to optimize synchronous sequential circuits for area or delay or both. If the latches that are retimed have a hardware reset value, the initial state of the circuit must also be retimed, i.e. an initial state must be derived for the retimed circuit. Previously, it has been suggested that this can be avoided if the hardware reset signals are represented explicitly. However, it was thought that this adds unnecessary area and restricts the space of possible retimings. In this paper we demonstrate that this is not the case. In addition, we show that this methodology does not require the restriction that all reset signals be asserted at the beginning of circuit operation--- a restriction that was imposed by existing algorithms for determining the retimed initial state. Finally we show how our explicit reset (ER) framework enables us to retime when some latches may be driven by different hardware resets, and some others may not have any hardware resets. We also consider the case where the resets are asynchronous. We expect these solutions to the "retimed initial state" problem to help increase the practical applicability of retiming.
Egg Quality and Performance as Influenced by Restricted Feeding of Commercial Caged Layers

Abstract The effects of ad libitum versus restricted feeding of commercial layers maintained in individual cages on performance, egg quality, fat deposition and mortality were studied. The three treatments consisted of ad libitum feeding or restriction to 100 or 105 g. of feed per day. Mean and final body weights of the ad libitum fed birds were significantly heavier than the restrictively fed groups. Hen-day egg production, egg size and mortality were not influenced by feed restriction at either level. Restriction of feed intake resulted in 3.74 (9.8%) and 4.71 (12.4%) kg. reduction in total feed consumption during the experimental period of 336 days for the 105 and 100 g. groups, respectively. The feed efficiency ratio was significantly improved (6.8 and 9.9%) by restricted feeding. Shell thickness, shell weight, Haugh unit score and percent protein and fat of whole eggs were not influenced by feed restriction. Restriction of feed intake up to 12% of ad libitum feeding did not cause a significant change in chemical composition of the leg tissues. The improved feed efficiencies observed indicate a lowered maintenance requirement or reduced wastage for birds on restricted feeding, an observation supported by the fact that all treatment groups produced similar egg numbers.
Early Determinants of Adult Metabolic Regulation: Effects of Infant Nutrition on Adult Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism

In a series of experiments over the past 20 years, we have demonstrated long-term deferred effects of infant nutrition, particularly breast- as compared with formula-feeding and overfeeding as compared with normal or underfeeding, on serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations, adiposity, and atherosclerosis in the baboon, a large nonhuman primate. Low HDL-cholesterol levels and obesity are associated with accelerated progression of atherosclerosis and with increased risk of coronary heart disease in humans. We have observed other deferred effects of infant nutrition on bile acid metabolism, enzyme activities, and water and electrolyte balance, some of which may be physiologically related to HDL-cholesterol levels or to adiposity. The occurrence of these deferred effects suggests that infant nutrition may program other metabolic systems for life, and that these effects may contribute to other chronic diseases of adults. Although our understanding of the mechanisms by which infant diet regimens affect adult metabolism is meager, it is important to identify these mechanisms because they are likely to provide valuable clues to the causes and ultimately may contribute to the long-range prevention of those diseases.
Horticulture and Its Application to the Institutionalized Elderly

In the U.S., gardening has consistently been shown to be one of the most popular activities among senior citizens. Based upon these findings, one might argue that horticulture is one area of activity participat~on which should not be denied those senior citi- zens reslding in institutions. Horticulture, or gardening, can provide the setting in which activ- ity directors and their staff can work toward goals, both physical and emotional, appropriate for their residents. Activities should ideally center around a year-round outdoor gardening program and consist of gardening, as well as related, enjoyable activities such as flower arranging and plant pro agation. Participants can enjoy the social- ization and fresh air, an ! assrstance . with the program, when needed, can be acquired through garden clubs, the extension service, volun- teers, and the wealth of available printed material.
In search of common ground in handoff documentation in an Intensive Care Unit

Objective: Handoff is an intra-disciplinary process, yet the flow of critical handoff information spans multiple disciplines. Understanding this information flow is important for the development of computer-based tools that supports the communication and coordination of patient care in a multi-disciplinary and highly specialized critical care setting. We aimed to understand the structure, functionality, and content of nurses' and physicians' handoff artifacts. Design: We analyzed 22 nurses' and physicians' handoff artifacts from a Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit (CTICU) at a large urban medical center. We combined artifact analysis with semantic coding based on our published Interdisciplinary Handoff Information Coding (IHIC) framework for a novel two-step data analysis approach. Results: We found a high degree of structure and overlap in the content of nursing and physician artifacts. Our findings demonstrated a non-technical, yet sophisticated, system with a high degree of structure for the organization and communication of patient data that functions to coordinate the work of multiple disciplines in a highly specialized unit of patient care. Limitations: This study took place in one CTICU. Further work is needed to determine the generalizability of the results. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the development of semi-structured patient-centered interdisciplinary handoff tools with discipline specific views customized for specialty settings may effectively support handoff communication and patient safety.
Cooperative Research Centres as effective institutions for contemporary models for achieving innovation in primary industry

The creation of a formal organisational structure that brings together the specific needs of particular industries, with the expertise and research capacity available through recognised research providers, has an underlying and undeniable logic. Cooperative Research Centres (CRCs) provide this formal structure and are generally strongly focussed on carrying out applied outcome-driven research to improve productivity through innovation. Despite this strong commercial focus and record of scientific-output CRCs, there is general recognition that adoption of research from CRCs can be improved. The present paper focuses on primary industry CRCs and discusses the applicability of contemporary innovation concepts, which have evolved through the process of industrialisation and socialisation of science, and their application for improving innovation within primary industry CRCs. Specifically considered are 4th and 5th generation innovation concepts that promote ideas within ‘Open Innovation’ and ‘Knowledge Creation’ as a means of improving innovation within the primary industry CRCs organisational structure.
Orthogonal Decomposition of a Vector Space

Let П be a plane through the origin in ℝ3, and let L be the line through the origin that is orthogonal to П. Then every vector X in ℝ3 can be expressed in the form $$ X\;{\rm{ = }}\;U\;{\rm{ + }}\;V, $$ (11) where U ∈ П and V ∈ L.
Recalling the Origins of Original Intent: A Response to Robert Reinstein

Both authors involved in this discussioon agree that expounding a Constitution requires flexibility in construction. However, the authors disagree about recognizing new rights so long as checks on majoritarian power are made in favor of the individual. The author reminds Professor Reinstein that it was the people and no other who created our Constitution, and any construction must keep in mind that it was their will that the document was meant to further. He argues that ot belies reason to think that the people would have created a judiciary with the breadth of unfettered power over elected bodies which Professor Reinstein would permit so long as that power was exercised in the name of the individual.
Analysis of IgM antibody result of measles in Beilun District of Ningbo in 2008

Objective:To examine and analyze the result of IgM antibody in the serum of the measles suspected cases that helps to supply the scientific gist for its prevention and clinic diagnosis.Methods:To examine and analyze measles IgM antibody with ELSLA from the 888 suspected cases of measles serums collected at Beilun area in 2008.Results:In the 888 serum samples of the suspected cases of measles,there were 214 cases are positive,and their positive rate was 24.10%.The 68.70% of the Measles patients were focus on their age around 15~35.The attack peak was from March to May and the incidence was 92.52%.Conclusion:Measles epidemic situation at our area in 2008 was still in a high attack period,the population from the other area is still the most reason to cause the high rate of measles at our area,especially the infants under 8 months age.Therefore,it is a key to reduce and control the Measles attack rate at our area with focusing on the floating population immunity planning work,strengthening the administration and the immunity for the main age segment group before the high rate of Measles(Jan-Mar).
Supreme Court Progress Report: More Harm than Good?

Apparently spurred by the decisions emanating from the Roberts Court, several recent books present highly critical evaluations of the Supreme Court’s historical record. One of those books is Erwin Chemerinsky’s The Case Against the Supreme Court, which accuses the Court of an institutional failure: the failure to protect vulnerable groups from repressive electoral majorities, from powerful interests, and from official abuses of power. The indictment includes decisions dealing with slavery, free speech, Equal Protection, the rights of employees and consumers, criminal prosecutions, and the political process. This sorry historical record leads Chemerinsky to ask whether, from a historical perspective, the Supreme Court has done more harm than good, so that the country would have been better off without it. This article examines this provocative question, the answer to which leads to some important insights about the judiciary and its power of judicial review.
Serum protein and glycoprotein alteration in swine with experimental arthritis.

SummaryA serial study was made of protein and glycoprotein changes of swine during arthritis which follows recovery from Erysipelothrix infections. As in sera from humans with rheumatoid arthritis, elevated serum glycoprotein, seromucoid and serum globulins and lowered serum albumin concentrations were noted in swine sera during active phases of the disease. No serum α1-globulin was identified in swine sera. During remissions of experimental arthritis, serum glycoprotein levels decreased and the serum albumin increased. Cortisone treatment of animals with active arthritis produced clinical improvement accompanied by striking increases of albumin protein with decreases of seromucoid, serum γ-globulin protein and γ-globulin bound hexose concentrations.
A Process for Tracking and Assessing Emerging Technology Development Programs for Resource Allocation

This paper discusses a quantitative process to track the progress of technology developments within an organizational structure. The process accounts for the temporal aspects of technology development programs such that technology portfolio assessments, in the form of technological progress towards organizational goals, may be monitored and assessed. Progress tracking of internal research and development programs is an essential element to successful strategic endeavors and justification of the pursuit of capital projects. The process discussed herein incorporates traditional methods for technology portfolio assessments with an amalgamation of quantitative assessments (tracking) a id qualitative information (monitoring) while utilizing various modern design techniques, and is called the Technc^gy Metric Assessment and Tracking process. Application of this process would provide a quantitative technology portfolio assessment to substantiate a company's strategic investment plan over the life of various product design cycles such that the maximum payoff of technology investments may be pursued and the associated risks monitored.
Ethics and Value Bias in the Forensic Sciences

This article focuses on ethical problems that arise in the practical sphere when professionals and scholars enter the forensic arena. Two different yet related stories from the author's experience are recounted. The first is drawn from the author's membership on the blue-ribbon committee convened by the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences, which issued the report entitled DNA Technology in Forensic Science in 1992. The second is an inquiry into the role of the bioethicist in the forensic setting, based on the author's response to cases in which she was invited to serve as an expert witness. The article concludes that since the forensic sciences deal with matters of truth and justice, a commitment to uphold these important values forms the moral basis for justifying the actions of those who work in this field.
Patterns and sources of information about family melanoma risk among melanoma survivors

Aim: Melanoma survivors can play a pivotal role in raising family melanoma risk awareness, but are not always aware of family risk. This study examines patterns and sources of survivors’ awareness that first-degree relatives (FDRs) face heightened melanoma risk. Patients & methods: Population-based melanoma survivors (n = 170) completed a 15-min telephone interview. Logistic regressions examining covariates were conducted using awareness (yes vs no) of heightened risk to FDRs as the dependent variable. Results: Almost half (41%) were unaware that their FDRs faced heightened melanoma risk. Of those 59% who were aware, most learned this from dermatologists. In multivariable analyses perceived risk and body site remained significant. Conclusion: Many melanoma survivors remain unaware that their FDRs are at melanoma risk. The results underscore the role that dermatologists and other doctors play in fostering risk awareness. Sensitivity to providing family risk information to survivors who have lower risk perc...
Noncoding RNAs as therapeutics for acetaminophen-induced liver injury

Acetaminophen- (APAP) induced acute liver failure (ALF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the US (1). Currently, the major therapeutic is N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which is highly effective when given within 8 h of drug overdose. However, late-presenting patients commonly have poor outcomes, and NAC is not effective in these patients. As such, additional therapeutics are urgently needed to treat late-presenting patients. Critical to the generation of new drugs is the continued development of our understanding of APAP-induced ALF in human patients. While a number of recent papers from our group and others have made considerable advances in understanding mechanisms of toxicity in patients and human hepatocytes (2-5), there is still a lack of actionable therapeutic targets. Liver transplantation is the gold standard procedure for treating late-stage ALF but this operation is expensive and comes with additional costs of lifelong anti-rejection medication. In addition, due to limited donor organs, this therapeutic option is not always available (1). There are also ethical issues to consider as a majority of APAP-induced liver injury cases are due to attempted suicide. It is thus imperative that new modalities of treatment, including novel pharmacological agents, be explored for patients who suffer from drug-induced liver injury and acute liver failure.
Functional Connectivity of the Human Brain in Utero

The brain is subject to dramatic developmental processes during the prenatal period. Nevertheless, information about the development of functional brain networks during gestation is scarce. Until recently it has not been possible to probe function in the living human fetal brain. Advances in functional MRI have changed the paradigm, making it possible to measure spontaneous activity in the fetal brain and to cross-correlate functional signals to attain information about neural connectional architecture across human gestation. We summarize the earliest MRI studies of fetal neural functional connectivity and highlight unique challenges and limitations inherent in the technique. In addition, we discuss future directions to unlock the potential of fetal brain functional MRI research.
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF SOFT-SERVE FROZEN DESSERTS

Soft-serve frozen dessert mixes and the freezer-dispensed products made from these mixes were examined for total bacteria, coliform organisms, and heat-resistant spores over a 3 yr period. A total of 76% of all soft-serve mix samples analyzed contained less than 50,000 bacteria/ml, and 72% contained less than 10 coliform organisms per ml. These data indicate that most mix plants and retail stores could meet the above standards if adopted for soft-serve mixes. A maximum limit of 50,000 total bacteria and 10 coliforms/ml would pose a problem with the freezer-dispensed soft-frozen product, because only 42% and 51% of the retail samples analyzed would meet these total count and coliform standards, respectively. Spore counts were of little consequence in soft-serve mixes or frozen products, and a maximum allowable standard of 300/ml would be a reasonable figure that could be met with little difficulty by the processor and retailer.
The Benefits of New Guidelines to Prevent Peanut Allergy

* Abbreviations: AAP — : American Academy of Pediatrics EP — : expert panel LEAP — : Learning Early About Peanut Allergy NIAID — : National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases sIgE — : serum food-specific IgE antibody SPT — : skin prick test Peanut allergy appears to have tripled in prevalence in the United States since 1997 and now affects 1% to 2% of children.1 The high prevalence, severity, and life-long persistence of peanut allergy have generated intense interest in prevention strategies. Initially, such strategies focused on allergen avoidance, but a key observation, the 10-fold higher rate of peanut allergy among Jewish children in the United Kingdom compared with Israeli children of similar ancestry, suggested an alternative approach.2 A notable difference between these populations was the almost complete lack of peanut ingestion in the first year of life in the United Kingdom compared with substantial consumption among Israeli infants. Based on this observation, the National Institutes of Health–sponsored Learning Early About Peanut Allergy (LEAP) trial randomized 640 infants between 4 and 11 months of age with severe eczema and/or egg allergy to consume or avoid peanut-containing foods until 60 months of age.3 The study excluded infants with large (>4 mm) positive skin prick tests (SPTs) to peanut, assuming many were already allergic, and stratified the enrolled infants as having no peanut SPT wheal or having one that was 1 to 4 mm in diameter. In the intention-to-treat population with negative SPT ( n = 530), the prevalence of peanut allergy at 60 months of age was 13.7% in the avoidance group versus 1.9% in the consumption group ( P < .001; 86.1% relative risk reduction), and among those in the SPT positive group ( n = 98), the prevalence of peanut allergy was 35.3% in the avoidance group and … Address correspondence to Scott H. Sicherer, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Box 1198, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029. E-mail: scott.sicherer{at}mssm.edu
The 23rd Asia Pacific Tourism Association Annual Conference, Busan, South Korea, June 18–21, 2017

The 23rd Asia Pacific Tourism Association (APTA) Annual Conference was successfully held in Busan, South Korea, from June 18 to 21, 2017. It was the second time the APTA conference had been held in...
Evaluation, treatment, and analysis of a rare case of motor speech systems dyscoordination syndrome.

This report describes an unusual presentation of a voice disorder arising from inability to coordinate the three components of motor speech: respiration, phonation, and articulation. These systems ...
GC-MOSCED: A group contribution method for predicting MOSCED parameters with application to limiting activity coefficients in water and octanol/water partition coefficients

Abstract The MOdified Separation of Cohesive Energy Density (MOSCED) is a solubility parameter based method that can both quantitatively predict limiting activity coefficients and can additionally be used to qualitatively understand the underlying molecular-level interactions for intuitive solvent selection and formulation. However, before predictions may be made, MOSCED parameters must be available. Here we propose a group contribution method (GC-MOSCED) to predict parameters devoid of experimental data. Predictions of limiting activity coefficients in water and octanol/water partition coefficients made using GC-MOSCED are found to be in close agreement with MOSCED using existing parameters. We additionally propose a relation between MOSCED parameters and enthalpy of vaporization, and demonstrate the ability of GC-MOSCED to predict enthalpy of vaporization. An interactive software suite has also been developed to facilitate the calculation of GC-MOSCED parameters.
Long-term outcomes in unilateral vocal fold paralysis patients.

Objectives/hypothesis At presentation, unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) patients have different treatment options, including conservative management (CM), injection laryngoplasty (IL) with a temporary agent, or permanent medialization (PM). This study evaluates long-term outcomes for UVFP patients relative to intervention. Study design Retrospective chart review. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of UVFP patients who presented to the University of California San Francisco Voice and Swallowing Center. Videolaryngostroboscopy examinations were reviewed. Maximum glottic closure was quantified with the normalized glottic gap area (NGGA). Perceptual voice analysis was performed using the Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V) at corresponding time points. Results Fifty-three patients met inclusion criteria. Six underwent CM only, 20 went on to require PM, 19 underwent IL only, and eight underwent IL and subsequent PM. NGGA at presentation was similar among groups; however, the CM group was noted to have more favorable CAPE-V scores for Breathiness (P = .007) and Loudness (P = .018). All groups had similar NGGA and CAPE-V scores at last follow-up. When compared to pooled data for patients who underwent PM, the IL group was noted to have similar NGGA and CAPE-V scores at presentation. Although improvements in both groups were noted following intervention, both groups appeared similar at last follow-up with the exception of Roughness, for which the IL group retained a slightly improved outcome (13.3 vs. 18.3, P = .03). Conclusions At presentation, UVFP patients have similar NGGA. This finding suggests that treatment recommendations cannot be made on the size of the glottic gap alone. Furthermore, in many patients, IL results in long-term benefit with glottic closure and CAPE-V scores equivalent to that obtained with PM. Level of evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 128:430-436, 2018.
Review of PubMed Health

ABSTRACTPubMed Health is a curated resource designed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) to help both researchers and lay people answer the question, “What works?” in health care. Through content provided by NCBI and numerous partner organizations (such as Cochrane Collaboration), including plain language systematic reviews as well as educational resources for those unfamiliar with evidence-based practice, consumers can understand the research behind their health care options for specific health issues. Although the reading level of some content can be challenging, PubMed Health provides easily accessible help for consumers confused by certain terms and practices described in the reviews. PubMed Health should be included in every consumer health librarian’s toolkit for users seeking to understand medical research and evidence-based health care.
Chemostratigraphy of the Unayzah Group, eastern Saudi Arabia

Abstract The Permo-Carboniferous Unayzah Group contains several hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs in Saudi Arabia, where it is subdivided into the Juwayl and Nuayyim formations. The Ghazal Member, which occurs in the lower part of the former, is dominated by fluvio-glacial sandstones , and it is overlain by diamictites , fluvial and lacustrine sediments of the Jawb Member deposited during glacial retreat. This is succeeded by the Wudayhi Member of the Nuayyim Formation, comprising red siltstones and fine grained sandstones deposited in marginal marine-continental environments. The Tinat Member, recognized in the upper part of this formation, mainly consists of continental sediments. Placement of the boundaries between the various members is often challenging, and palynology data are limited due to the generally unfavourable lithologies . For these reasons, chemostratigraphy was employed to produce a robust scheme of high resolution. A total of 1130 core and cuttings samples were analysed by ED-XRF (Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence), with data acquired for 50 elements. The scheme is based on variations in the following ‘key’ elements and ratios: Zr/Ti, Zr, Zr/U, Zr/Yb, Zr/Gd and Th/Y. These parameters are largely associated with changes in source/provenance, and the framework comprises a hierarchical zonation of six zones, eight subzones and two divisions. Based on a detailed comparison between the chemostratigraphic, lithostratigraphic and sedimentological data, specific chemozones can be linked to particular stratigraphic members within the Unayzah Group, though only confidently over cored intervals and in sections where members are clearly identified based on GR log trends. Once the associations between chemozone and member boundaries were established, it was then possible to use chemostratigraphy to define member boundaries in sections where this could not be achieved using other techniques. In addition to this, chemostratigraphy enabled correlative boundaries to be recognized within each member of the Unayzah Group, thus adding an additional level of resolution.
Bacteriology and treatment of primary lung abscess.

A prospective study of bacteriology and therapeutic outcome in 26 cases of primary lung abscess is reported. Bacteriologic results were based on percutaneous transtracheal aspirates obtained before antimicrobial therapy. Anaerobic bacteria were recovered from 24 patients. The principal isolates were Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides melaninogenicus, and anaerobic gram-positive cocci. Bacteroides fragilis, of interest for its unique antibiotic susceptibility pattern, was recovered from 4 patients. Aerobic or facultative bacteria were present in 10 patients but were the exclusive isolates in only 2. Antimicrobial therapy was selected on the basis of the bacteriologic findings. This was judged successful in all cases, although 2 patients died from concurrent conditions before their pulmonary infection was cured.
A Tale of Two Kinases in Rods and Cones

Members of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase family play essential roles in signal turnoff for the majority of G protein-coupled receptors. GRK1, first identified almost 40 years ago, and GRK7, the most recently identified member of the GRK family, are retina-specific GRKs involved in the recovery and adaptation of rod and cone photoreceptors in the vertebrate retina. This report reviews the expression patterns of these two kinases, as well as the effect of their interaction with their substrates and binding partners. The phosphorylation of GRK1 and GRK7 by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is also discussed.
Identification and characterization of genes and mutants for an N-terminal acetyltransferase from yeast.

Abstract A gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been mapped, cloned, sequenced and shown to encode a catalytic subunit of an N-terminal acetyltransferase. Regions of this gene, NAT1, and the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase genes of bacteria have limited but significant homology. A nat1 null mutant is viable but exhibits a variety of phenotypes, including reduced acetyltransferase activity, derepression of a silent mating type locus (HML) and failure to enter G0. All these phenotypes are identical to those of a previously characterized mutant, ard1. NAT1 and ARD1 are distinct genes that encode proteins with no obvious similarity. Concomitant overexpression of both NAT1 and ARD1 in yeast causes a 20-fold increase in acetyltransferase activity in vitro, whereas overexpression of either NAT1 or ARD1 alone does not raise activity over basal levels. A functional iso-1-cytochrome c protein, which is N-terminally acetylated in a NAT1 strain, is not acetylated in an isogenic nat1 mutant. At least 20 other yeast proteins, including histone H2B, are not N-terminally acetylated in either nat1 or ard1 mutants. These results suggest that NAT1 and ARD1 proteins function together to catalyze the N-terminal acetylation of a subset of yeast proteins.
Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome: Gastrointestinal Features

Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome is a rare condition that is estimated to affect fewer than 200,000 people in the United States.
Beyond the Judicial Fourth Amendment: The Prosecutor's Role

Scholarly discussion of the Fourth Amendment focuses narrowly on judicial enforcement and the exclusionary rule. This Article takes a different approach: recognizing that prosecutors have a co-equal responsibility to enforce the Fourth Amendment. More specifically, prosecutors have a constitutional and ethical duty not to use evidence that they conclude was unconstitutionally obtained even if that evidence is admissible — the duty of administrative suppression. Instead of analyzing whether evidence would likely be deemed admissible by a court, prosecutors should instead analyze whether the evidence in their cases was gathered unconstitutionally and act accordingly.Scholars have ignored that as the Supreme Court has constricted the scope of the exclusionary rule over the past 40 years it has narrowed only the scope of the judicial remedy and not the Fourth Amendment right. Drawing on the theory of constitutional underenforcement most prominently developed by Larry Sager, this Article argues that when the Court constricted the judicial remedy it left prosecutors and the rest of the executive branch solely responsible for enforcing the full breadth of the constitutional norm. The full breadth of the Fourth Amendment norm continues to prohibit the executive branch from using unconstitutionally-obtained evidence even though judicial suppression is not always appropriate. The prosecutor’s duty of administrative suppression also prevents Fourth Amendment rights from being marginalized in an administrative system of criminal justice in which most cases end in guilty pleas before suppression motions are filed.Prosecutors’ ethical responsibilities provide an additional basis for prosecutors’ duty of administrative suppression. Refusing to countenance constitutional violations by the police will protect citizens’ constitutional rights and promote crime control. That administrative suppression would promote crime control relies on the procedural justice notion that citizens’ perception of their government officials’ legitimacy plays the most significant role in their willingness to comply with the law and cooperate with law enforcement. For prosecutors to refuse to use the fruits of a constitutional violation and instead condemn the violation through administrative suppression will promote government legitimacy. Ultimately, prosecutors — not just courts and police — are constitutional actors with Fourth Amendment obligations.
Isolation of Physiologically Active Thylakoids and Their Use in Energy-Dependent Protein Transport Assays

Chloroplasts are the organelles in green plants responsible for carrying out numerous essential metabolic pathways, most notably photosynthesis. Within the chloroplasts, the thylakoid membrane system houses all the photosynthetic pigments, reaction center complexes, and most of the electron carriers, and is responsible for light-dependent ATP synthesis. Over 90% of chloroplast proteins are encoded in the nucleus, translated in the cytosol, and subsequently imported into the chloroplast. Further protein transport into or across the thylakoid membrane utilizes one of four translocation pathways. Here, we describe a high-yield method for isolation of transport-competent thylakoids from peas (Pisum sativum), along with transport assays through the three energy-dependent cpTat, cpSec1, and cpSRP-mediated pathways. These methods enable experiments relating to thylakoid protein localization, transport energetics, and the mechanisms of protein translocation across biological membranes.
Monocular Clinical Outcomes and Range of Near Vision following Cataract Surgery with Implantation of an Extended Depth of Focus Intraocular Lens

Importance. A full range of near and intermediate vision has not been clinically evaluated for the Symfony extended depth of focus intraocular lens (EDOF IOL). Background. To evaluate the monocular range of near visual acuity with an EDOF IOL. Design. Retrospective case series. Participants. Consecutive patients of a single surgeon from January 2017 through March 2018. Methods. Phacoemulsification with implantation of an EDOF IOL. Main Outcome Measures. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), distance-corrected near visual acuity (DCNVA), range of DCNVA, and optimal near focal length. Results. Seventy-six eyes of 48 patients (34 or 71% female, mean age: 68 years) were included with a mean follow-up of 68 days. Mean values were as follows: logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) UDVA 0.02 ± 0.09, logMAR UNVA 0.12 ± 0.09 at a mean distance of 51 cm, logMAR CDVA −0.05 ± 0.07, logMAR DCNVA 0.08 ± 0.07 at a mean distance of 51 cm, and a spherical equivalent of −0.16 diopters ±0.35. Percentage of eyes achieving DCNVA of 20/30 were 84% at 36 cm, 92% at 41 cm, 99% at 51 cm, 93% at 61 cm, and 74% at 71 cm. DCNVA of 20/40 or better was achieved in nearly 100% of eyes over a range of 35 cm. Conclusions and Relevance. The Symfony EDOF IOL achieved excellent distance visual acuity while providing a 35 cm range of near visual acuity at levels useful for many tasks in nearly all patients.
Optimal quadratic reformulations of fourth degree Pseudo-Boolean functions

Pseudo-Boolean functions (PBF) are closed algebraic representations of set functions that are closely related to nonlinear binary optimizations and have numerous applications. Algorithms for PBF of degree two (quadratic) are NP-Hard and third and fourth degree functions are increasingly difficult to solve. However, the higher degree terms can be reformulated to a lower degree by adding variables and corresponding penalty constraints. These additional constraints can then be transformed to the objective function via penalties to create Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization problems for which there are many solution techniques, such as tabu search and quantum annealing. Shortcomings of reformulation are the possibility of large numbers of auxiliary variables and constraints along with large penalty terms. In this paper, we address these shortcomings by presenting a preprocessing approach for fourth degree pseudo-Boolean polynomials based on an exact integer programming model that minimizes the number of auxiliary variables and penalty magnitude. Experimental results compare worst case, naive, greedy and minimal substitution methods and illustrate the efficacy of minimizing substitutions and penalty magnitude.
On the Effectiveness of Hybridization Paired with Eco-Driving

Eco-driving and hybridization both save fuel by reducing the energy loss during braking and using the engine efficiently. Considering this similarity, the hybridization requirements are different for the future connected and automated vehicles that can precisely optimize the vehicle velocity profile. This work investigates the necessary hybridization degree in an automated car following scenario. A novel hybrid system, called power split supercharger (PSS), is used in this study that is capable of working both as a parallel hybrid and a boosting device. The fuel minimization problem is divided into two independent optimizations, one for the velocity profile and the other for the energy management of the PSS. Dynamic programming is used to solve both problems. Different motor sizes are considered for the PSS system and the resulting fuel economies are compared to a turbocharged engine and a full hybrid electric (HEV) powertrain. The results show that the PSS system can provide 90% of the fuel economy gain achieved with a full HEV using a much smaller motor. For example, an optimized LA92 requires only an 18 kW motor or a 24 kW motor for the optimized US06 cycle as compared to the 60 kW motor for the full HEV.
Certifying approximate solutions to polynomial systems on Macaulay2

We present the Macaulay2 package NumericalCertification for certifying roots of square polynomial systems. It employs the interval Krawczyk method and α-theory as main methods for certification. The package works with output data computed in Macaulay2 with no need for external software. Also, our implementation supports the Krawczyk method which uses interval arithmetic.
Cost-Effectiveness of the New 2018 American College of Physicians Glycemic Control Guidance Statements Among US Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.

Abstract Objectives This study aims to estimate the national impact and cost-effectiveness of the 2018 American College of Physicians (ACP) guidance statements compared to the status quo. Methods Survey data from the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination were used to generate a national representative sample of individuals with diagnosed type 2 diabetes in the United States. Individuals with A1c 8.0% (group 2); and individuals with A1c >8.0% and a life expectancy of >10 years are recommended to intensify their A1c level to 7.0% to 8.0% (group 3). We used a Markov-based simulation model to evaluate the lifetime cost-effectiveness of following the ACP recommended A1c level. Results 14.41 million (58.1%) persons with diagnosed type 2 diabetes would be affected by the new guidance statements. Treatment deintensification would lead to a saving of $363 600 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) lost for group 1 and a saving of $118 300 per QALY lost for group 2. Intensifying treatment for group 3 would lead to an additional cost of $44 600 per QALY gain. Nationally, the implementation of the guidance would add 3.2 million life-years and 1.1 million QALYs and reduce healthcare costs by $47.7 billion compared to the status quo. Conclusions Implementing the new ACP guidance statements would affect a large number of persons with type 2 diabetes nationally. The new guidance is cost-effective.
Ultra-high strength and plasticity mediated by partial dislocations and defect networks: Part II: Layer thickness effect

Abstract Layer thickness dependent mechanical behaviors of metallic nanolaminates have been extensively investigated. In a recent study [1] , we show that a particular defect network, consisting of layer interface, stacking faults and twin boundaries, plays an important role in achieving high strength in Cu/Co multilayers. Here, we report a follow-up study on the effect of layer thickness on this unique interplay of defect networks. To this end, we investigate the mechanical behavior of highly textured Cu (111)/Co (0002) multilayers with individual layer thickness of 5, 25 and 100 nm. In situ micropillar compression tests show that the Cu/Co 25 nm multilayers have a much higher strength than 100 nm and 5 nm multilayers. Post-deformation TEM analyses and MD simulations reveal the layer thickness dependent variations of defect density dominating the strengthening effect in multilayers. This study provides new perspectives on optimal defect networks for the design of high strength, deformable metallic materials.
Crystallographically controlled void space at grain boundaries in the Harkless quartzite

Abstract Electron backscatter diffraction analysis of quartz grains and imaging of void spaces at grain boundaries in two orthogonal sections of a sample from the plastically deformed and dynamically recrystallized Harkless quartzite reveals the presence of void spaces at quartz-quartz grain boundaries. The distribution of these voids correlates with the crystallographic orientation of neighboring quartz grains relative to the grain boundary. Void spaces are more prevalent along grain boundaries where the a-axis of quartz is normal to the grain boundary. These void spaces likely formed during the exhumation (decrease in temperature and pressure) of the Harkless quartzite as a consequence of the volume change associated with an anisotropic elastic change in quartz crystal lattice dimensions, in which the length of the a-axis decreases by more than that of the c-axis. This volume change results in void space preferentially forming at grain boundaries neighbored by quartz with the a-axis normal to the grain boundary. The preferred orientation of the void spaces thus matches the preferred crystal orientation of quartz in the samples, suggesting that the preexisting rock microstructure and crystal fabric plays an important role in controlling the development and distribution of porosity during exhumation, which more generally may have important implications for fluid migration and the strength of exhumed rocks.