cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distinct PAR/IQGAP expression patterns during murine development: implications for thrombin-associated cytoskeletal reorganization.

Thrombin has a critical role in many adult and embryologic cellular processes, exerting its effects through two high-affinity thrombin receptor systems: protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) and the PAR3/PAR4 system. Both hPAR1 and hPAR3 are coclustered in the human genome, with hPAR3 encompassed within hIQGAP2, a putative GTPase activating protein with actin polymerizing functions linked to cytoskeletal reorganization. Since hPARs colocalize with hIQGAP2 in the human genome and function coordinately with this protein in platelet thrombin signaling pathways, we have further characterized these genes in developing embryonic and adult tissues. We confirmed the presence of a mIQGAP2/mPAR gene cluster on murine Chromosome 13 and showed it to be organized similarly to that in humans, except that murine PAR3 is translated off the forward (sense) strand. Northern analysis demonstrated limited mPAR3 expression in adult tissues, although its expression during embryogenesis was evident at E15 in cartilage, brain, and keratinocytes. mIQGAPs 1 and 2 had congruent expression patterns in 11 of 15 adult tissues studied. In contrast, whole embryos demonstrated predominant mIQGAP1 expression starting at E7 and evident to E17. In situ hybridization of whole embryos (E9–E16) demonstrated distinct patterns of tissue-dependent mIQGAP1/mIQGAP2 expression. Concordant expression (absence or presence) of mPAR1 with either mIQGAP1 or mIQGAP2 was seen in the majority (12 of 15) of adult tissues studied. Similarly, there was no evidence for mPAR3 expression during embryogenesis in the absence of either mIQGAP1 or mIQGAP2. These data provide a panoramic survey of PAR/IQGAP expression as an initial approach to dissect thrombin signaling pathways linked to cytoskeletal reorganization.
A novel processing technique to fabricate planar InGaAsP/InP electroabsorption waveguide modulators

A novel processing technique has been developed to fabricate planar electroabsorption waveguide modulators in compound semiconductor heterostructures. The lateral confinement of light is achieved by introducing controllable, reproducible, and stable stresses into semiconductor heterostructures using WNi surface stressor stripes, which also serve as electrodes for the waveguide modulators. Self-aligned helium implantation is employed to achieve electrical isolation using the Stressors as the templates for the ion masks. An increase as large as 33000 times has been obtained in the dc resistance between the neighboring waveguide modulators 25 μm apart. Propagation loss of 1.7 dB/cm is observed in the photoelastic waveguides at a wavelength of 1.53 μm following the He implantation. A post-implant thermal annealing at 310°C for 40 min increases the dc resistance between the neighboring devices to the maximum value, and at the same time reduces the optical loss to its value before ion implantation (less than 1 dB/cm). Using a combination of the photoelastic effect and helium implantation, planar InGaAsP/InP Franz-Keldysh-effect waveguide modulators 430 μm long with a 10 dB extinction ratio at 3 V for the TM mode have been fabricated. Planar electroabsorption quantum-confined Stark effect waveguide modulators have also been demonstrated. This planar device processing technique may prove valuable in future photonic integrated circuit technology.
Sources of Differences in On-Orbital Total Solar Irradiance Measurements and Description of a Proposed Laboratory Intercomparison.

There is a 5 W/sq m (about 0.35 %) difference between current on-orbit Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) measurements. On 18-20 July 2005, a workshop was held at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, Maryland that focused on understanding possible reasons for this difference, through an examination of the instrument designs, calibration approaches, and appropriate measurement equations. The instruments studied in that workshop included the Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor III (ACRIM III) on the Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor SATellite (ACRIMSAT), the Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM) on the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE), the Variability of solar IRradiance and Gravity Oscillations (VIRGO) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), and the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) on the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS). Presentations for each instrument included descriptions of its design, its measurement equation and uncertainty budget, and the methods used to assess on-orbit degradation. The workshop also included a session on satellite- and ground-based instrument comparisons and a session on laboratory-based comparisons and the application of new laboratory comparison techniques. The workshop has led to investigations of the effects of diffraction and of aperture area measurements on the differences between instruments. In addition, a laboratory-based instrument comparison is proposed that uses optical power measurements (with lasers that underEll the apertures of the TSI instruments), irradiance measurements (with lasers that overfill the apertures of the TSI instrument), and a cryogenic electrical substitution radiometer as a standard for comparing the instruments. A summary of the workshop and an overview of the proposed research efforts are presented here.
From prototype to deployable system: Framing the adoption of digital library services

The Alexandria Digital Earth Prototype Project (ADEPT) is a 5-year (1999-2004) effort, with a goal of developing effective models for implementing digital libraries in undergraduate instruction. The ADEPT team has created a digital learning environment (DLE) that adds educational value to a digital library by offering a suite of services for teaching. Encouraged by the results of implementations in undergraduate geography classrooms, the team now shifts its focus from experimental prototype to deployable system. Everett Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations theories are used as frameworks for analyzing this complex transition. Recommendations for lowering the barriers to adoption related to complexity, trialability, and observability include the prioritization of development efforts focused on stabilizing the system, the creation of documentation and an online demonstration, and anonymous logins to the system. To increase perceived relative advantage, existing technical and copyright issues in integrating the Alexandria Digital Library must be overcome. To increase compatibility, the speed at which pedagogical change is achieved must be rethought. Finally, recruitment efforts should focus on innovators and early adopters before moving on to early majority, late majority, or laggard adopters.
Primary chicken tracheal cell culture system for the study of infection with avian respiratory viruses.

A major route of infection of avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in chickens is through cells of the respiratory epithelium. Here we describe the development of a method for culture of tracheal epithelial cells from chicken embryos as well as their use in studies of infection with avian respiratory viruses such as low-pathogenicity AIV and lentogenic NDV. Positive immunostaining for cytokeratin, the presence of cilia and microvilli, and microarray analysis of transcribed RNA demonstrated that the isolated cells were epithelial in nature. Infection of the epithelial cell cultures with AIV and NDV was demonstrated using immunofluorescence or green fluorescence protein fluorescence microscopy, respectively. Growth curves of AIV and NDV in tracheal epithelial cells revealed that tracheal epithelial cells can fully support AIV and NDV growth and reinfection. This system, which mimics that of the natural infection, will be useful to study the mechanisms of early viral infection and ce...
Conducting banding analysis with trained networks of sigmoid units

Berkeley et al. (1995, Connection Science, 7: 167–186) introduced a novel technique for analysing the hidden units of connectionist networks that had been trained using the backpropagation learning procedure. The literature concerning banding analysis is equivocal with respect to the kinds of processing units this technique can be used on. In this paper, it will be shown that, contrary to the claims in some published sources, banding analysis can be conducted on networks that use standard processing units that have a sigmoid activation function. The analytic process is then illustrated and the potential benefits of this kind of technique are discussed.
Microparticle accelerator of unique design

A microparticle accelator of unique design, which produces high‐velocity, micrometer‐sized projectiles of any cohesive material, is described. In the source, an electrodynamic levitator, single particles are charged by ion bombardment in high vacuum. The vertical accelerator has four drift tubes, each initially at a high negative voltage. After injection of the projectile, each tube is grounded in turn at a time determined by the voltage and charge/mass ratio to give four acceleration stages with a total voltage equivalent to about 1.7 MV. The delay times may be set manually or controlled automatically by the particle’s charge/mass ratio measured in the source by the operator just before ejection. At the entrance to the accelerator, the particle generates a signal that initiates the timing sequence. In the target chamber, detectors record the passage of the particle and provide information on charge, velocity, and position. Trajectories usually pass within a 1‐mm‐radius circle 1 m below the fourth drift tube. Velocities between 0.5 and 15 km/s have been attained with projectiles of various materials and shapes for cratering studies and calibration of micrometeoroid detectors. About 20 projectiles per day can be accelerated.
Use of post-polymerization whole block staining with Azure 11 to identify in situ embedded cultured cells for electron microscopy

SUMMARY Cell cultures, embedded at the surface of an Araldite block, can be stained after polymerization by immersing the block in an aqueous solution of 0.1% Azure II with 1% sodium borate for 10 min at 60°C. Visibility of the embedded cells is thereby considerably enhanced and cells of interest can be readily selected for subsequent electron microscopic examination. The cutting quality and ultra-structure of such treated material are unaltered.
Transcatheter recanalization of ligated main pulmonary artery.

A 12.5-year-old boy with tricuspid atresia and quadriplegic cerebral palsy presented with increasing cyanosis after previous palliation with a cavopulmonary shunt and ligation of the main pulmonary artery (MPA). Because of severe physical disabilities he was not considered suitable for Fontan completion. He underwent successful transcatheter stent recanalization of the ligated MPA. This re-established anterograde flow to the pulmonary arteries resulting in marked improvement in saturations. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Effect of Communication Centers on College Student Retention: An Argument

One of the most urgent issues facing institutions of higher learning in the United States today is the problem of college student retention. The purpose of this article is to provide a theoretically and empirically supported argument for stating that there is one potent force for retention of college students that has been as yet largely unmined: communication centers. Relatively new to the field of academia, communication centers have the goal of enhancing communication, which is arguably one of the most important skills for career success and civic participation. Communication centers can play a significant role in all of the variables found to impact college student retention, namely communication competence, academic performance, interaction with students and faculty, and involvement in campus activities.
In-situ monitoring of optical near-field material processing by electron microscopes

Lasers are efficient tools in a variety of micro/nanoscale material processing applications. Even though optical imaging techniques offer convenient in-situ monitoring, their spatial resolution is frequently not sufficient for inspecting the detailed phenomena occurring in micro/nano structures, hence requiring additional characterization tools. Besides the inconvenience, critical processing parameters cannot be readily determined ex situ. In this study, an example of an in-situ monitoring technique for micro/nanoscale laser processing is demonstrated by combining the optical near-field apparatus with a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In-situ process monitoring under true optical near-field configuration is realized through orthogonal probe manipulation and combined probe-sample translation and tilting apparatus. Catalyst behavior under a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) gas environment coupled with near-field illumination is monitored in an environmental SEM.
The press, race relations, and social change

Scholars from varying perspectives have suggested that discourse in media content may play an important role in shaping and reinforcing perceptions of race relations, particularly among White Americans. However, there has been relatively little systematic consideration of whether and, if so, how discourse in the press has contributed over time to relations between Whites and Blacks. With this in mind, this research examined the racial ideologies present in coverage by 14 mainstream newspapers of U.S. Supreme Court decisions in 1883 and 1896 that allowed and then institutionalized ‘separate but equal’ race relations. Findings suggest that discourse in the mainstream press encouraged racial values and attitudes that were simultaneously being institutionalized in several cultural arenas by social Darwinism, Booker T. Washington's accommodationism, and legalized segregation.
Hepatitis B e antigen in volunteer and paid blood donors.

Sera from 200 volunteer blood donors and 200 paid blood donors, all positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), were tested for the presence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). HBeAg was detected in 31 HBsAg-positive paid donors (15%), and in 11 HBsAg-positive volunteer donors (5%) by agar gel diffusion. The presence of HBeAg was associated with higher titers of HBsAg. No significant difference was found in the prevalence of antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe) in the two donor groups. Rheumatoid factor was not associated with the presence or absence of HBeAg or anti-HBe, indicating that HBeAg is probably not an anti-IgG. These data support the epidemiological evidence that paid blood donors appear to be more likely than volunteer donors to transmit hepatitis B virus infection to recipients of their blood.
Antifertility and mutagenic effects in mice from parenteral administration of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)

The subcutaneous administration of 1-10 mg of undiluted di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) to adult male ICR mice on d 1, 5, and 10 was followed by mating, one to one, with untreated adult virgin females. A single mating at d 21 resulted in a reduction in the incidence of pregnancies in the DEHP-treated groups. On the other hand, repeated matings with fresh females starting on d 2, 6, 11, 16, and 21, and at weekly intervals through 8 wk, revealed no perceptible effect of DEHP on the incidence of pregnancy. Examination of surgically exposed uteri and ovaries of pregnant females on d 13 of gestation revealed an increase in the incidence of preimplantation losses and early fetal deaths in the DEHP-treated groups; consequently, there were fewer viable fetuses per pregnancy. Mutagenic indices for DEHP, calculated as percent ratios of (1) preimplantation losses/implantations per pregnancy and (2) early fetal deaths/implantations per pregnancy, suggested a dominant lethal mutation effect in the treated mice. These effects tend to be more pronounced on the postmiotic stage of germ-cell development.
Maternal involvement in the education of young children with autism spectrum disorders

Parent involvement is widely acknowledged to be a critical ;best practice' in the education of young children with ASD. Despite its importance, no studies to date have systematically examined the relative influence of child, family, and school factors on the extent to which parents participate in the education of their children with ASD. In the present study, questionnaire and interview data collected from the mothers and teachers of 95 children receiving public school services for ASD were used to address this issue. Descriptively, wide variation was found in both type and intensity of mothers' educational involvement. Regression analyses showed involvement, both at school and at home, to be heavily influenced by the extent to which school staff actively encouraged, assisted, and provided opportunities for parent involvement. In addition, severity of child behavior problems was also found to exert a uniformly negative effect on intensity of mothers' educational involvement, while the influence of family resources and demand variables varied, depending on whether involvement occurred at school or at home. Implications of these findings for future research and for the support of parents seeking to participate in the learning and development of their children with ASD are discussed.
Word and Deed: A Deweyan Integration of Deliberative and Participatory Democracy

This article draws on the political philosophy of John Dewey as one way to re-think the relationship between deliberative and participatory democracy. Rather than focusing on differences, Dewey's ideal of democracy allows us to bridge these two theories while still being attentive to the tensions between them. In particular, Dewey helps us conceptualize deliberative and participatory practices as distinctive yet complementary phases within a larger circuit of cooperative inquiry. To illustrate the argument, a case study of one democratic experiment that effectively combined different forms of practice is presented. In doing so, it is contended that we might be able to recover and incorporate some of the more radical features of participatory democracy into deliberative practices. Participatory theory's focus on political action and structural inequality, in addition to deliberation, as essential to citizen-centered democratic practice is specifically emphasized.
Helping Scientists Become Effective Partners in Education and Outreach

How does a scientist find herself standing before a group of lively third-graders? She may be personally motivated—seeking to improve public understanding of scientific issues and the nature of science, or to see her own children receive a good science education—or perhaps she simply enjoys this kind of work [Andrews et al., 20057semi; Kim and Fortner, 2008]. In addition to internal motivating factors, federal funding agencies have begun to encourage scientists to participate in education and outreach (E/O) related to their research, through NASA program requirements for such activities (see “Implementing the Office of Space Science Education/Public Outreach Strategy,” at http://spacescience.nasa.gov/admin/pubs/edu/imp_plan .htm) and the U.S. National Science Foundation's increased emphasis on “broader impacts” in merit review of research proposals (see http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2003/nsf032/bicexamples.pdf).
Combined SCI and TBI: Recovery of forelimb function after unilateral cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) is retarded by contralateral traumatic brain injury (TBI), and ipsilateral TBI balances the effects of SCI on paw placement

A significant proportion (estimates range from 16 to 74%) of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) have concomitant traumatic brain injury (TBI), and the combination often produces difficulties in planning and implementing rehabilitation strategies and drug therapies. For example, many of the drugs used to treat SCI may interfere with cognitive rehabilitation, and conversely drugs that are used to control seizures in TBI patients may undermine locomotor recovery after SCI. The current paper presents an experimental animal model for combined SCI and TBI to help drive mechanistic studies of dual diagnosis. Rats received a unilateral SCI (75 kdyn) at C5 vertebral level, a unilateral TBI (2.0 mm depth, 4.0 m/s velocity impact on the forelimb sensori-motor cortex), or both SCI+TBI. TBI was placed either contralateral or ipsilateral to the SCI. Behavioral recovery was examined using paw placement in a cylinder, grooming, open field locomotion, and the IBB cereal eating test. Over 6weeks, in the paw placement test, SCI+contralateral TBI produced a profound deficit that failed to recover, but SCI+ipsilateral TBI increased the relative use of the paw on the SCI side. In the grooming test, SCI+contralateral TBI produced worse recovery than either lesion alone even though contralateral TBI alone produced no observable deficit. In the IBB forelimb test, SCI+contralateral TBI revealed a severe deficit that recovered in 3 weeks. For open field locomotion, SCI alone or in combination with TBI resulted in an initial deficit that recovered in 2 weeks. Thus, TBI and SCI affected forelimb function differently depending upon the test, reflecting different neural substrates underlying, for example, exploratory paw placement and stereotyped grooming. Concurrent SCI and TBI had significantly different effects on outcomes and recovery, depending upon laterality of the two lesions. Recovery of function after cervical SCI was retarded by the addition of a moderate TBI in the contralateral hemisphere in all tests, but forepaw placements were relatively increased by an ipsilateral TBI relative to SCI alone, perhaps due to the dual competing injuries influencing the use of both forelimbs. These findings emphasize the complexity of recovery from combined CNS injuries, and the possible role of plasticity and laterality in rehabilitation, and provide a start towards a useful preclinical model for evaluating effective therapies for combine SCI and TBI.
Pulsatile flow velocity and shear stress measurements on the St. Jude bileaflet valve prosthesis.

The velocity and turbulent shear stress fields in the immediate vicinity of the St. Jude bileaflet valve were measured under pulsatile flow conditions with a two-dimensional laser Doppler anemometer system. The valve was studied in both aortic and mitral positions. In both positions, the valve created relatively centralized flow fields. However, a major portion of the flow occurred through the two side orifices. Regions of flow separation were observed adjacent to the valve sewing ring in the area of the valve pivot (hinge) mechanism. Elevated turbulent shear stresses were measured in both positions. Peak values of 760 dynes/cm2 and 2000 dynes/cm2 were observed in the mitral and aortic flow chambers, respectively. Such turbulent shears could cause sublethal and/or lethal damage to blood elements. The regions of flow separation adjacent to the pivot mechanism could lead to tissue overgrowth and/or thrombus formation, which in turn could impede proper motion of the valve leaflets.
Degradation of meta-trifluoromethylbenzoate by sequential microbial and photochemical treatments.

m- and p-trifluoromethyl (TFM)-benzoates are completely degraded by aerobic bacteria that catabolize alkylbenzoates; biodegradation ceases after ring-fission with the accumulation of a trifluoromethyl muconate semialdehyde (2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7,7,7-trifluorohepta-2,4-dienoate, TFHOD) which is resistant to biochemical attack. A bacterium (Strain V-1), isolated from sea-water, grew aerobically on benzoate or m-toluate. Cells grown on benzoate or m-toluate oxidized both compounds at similar relative rates. Catabolism involved benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase (decarboxylating) and meta-cleavage to yield muconate semialdehydes. Cells grown on benzoate metabolized m-TFM-benzoate to TFHOD. The ring-fission products from m-toluate and TFHOD were degraded by sunlight, and equimolar fluoride was released from TFHOD. Sequential biochemical and photochemical treatment allowed the destruction of m-TFM-benzoate beyond the biochemically recalcitrant intermediate TFHOD.
First-principles study of magnetism in spinel MnO2

First-principles electronic structure methods have been used to calculate the ground state, transition temperature, and thermodynamic properties of magnetic excitations in spinel MnO2. The magnetic interactions are mapped onto a Heisenberg model whose exchange interactions are fitted to results of first-principles calculations of different spin configurations. The thermodynamics are calculated using Monte Carlo methods. The Heisenberg model gives an extremely accurate representation of the true first-principles magnetic energies. We find a critical temperature and Weiss constant significantly larger than experimental results and believe the error to come from the local spin density approximation. We predict a new magnetic ground state different from that proposed previously, but consistent with experimental data.
American Law Schools as a Model for Japanese Legal Education? A Preliminary Question from a Comparative Perspective

Law faculties in Japan are asking whether and how they should remake themselves to become law schools. One basic issue has been framed in terms of whether such programs should be professional or general. One Japanese scholar put it pointedly: "[a] major issue of the proposed reform is whether Japan should adopt an American model law school, i.e., professional education at the graduate level, while essentially doing away with the traditional Japanese method of teaching law at university." American law schools are seen as having as their fundamental goal "to provide the training and education required for becoming an effective legal practitioner, i.e., the institutions provide a 'professional legal education.'"This article addresses the professional character of American law schools in the context of a comparison with German legal instruction. Its focus is on differences in the hope that these comparisons will help clarify thinking about the choices available to Japan. That comparative perspective leads the author to suggest that before one considers using the American legal education system as model of professional education, one should ask the preliminary question: What should the legal system itself look like?
Emerging strategies of lignin engineering and degradation for cellulosic biofuel production

Ethanol and other biofuels produced from lignocellulosic biomass represent a renewable, more carbon-balanced alternative to both fossil fuels and corn-derived or sugarcane-derived ethanol. Unfortunately, the presence of lignin in plant cell walls impedes the breakdown of cell wall polysaccharides to simple sugars and the subsequent conversion of these sugars to usable fuel. Recent advances in the understanding of lignin composition, polymerization, and regulation have revealed new opportunities for the rational manipulation of lignin in future bioenergy crops, augmenting the previous successful approach of manipulating lignin monomer biosynthesis. Furthermore, recent studies on lignin degradation in nature may provide novel resources for the delignification of dedicated bioenergy crops and other sources of lignocellulosic biomass.
The ULTRAVIS system

This paper describes architecture and implementation of the ULTRAVIS system, a pure software solution for versatile and fast volume rendering. It provides perspective raycasting, tri-linear interpolation, on-the-fly classification using look-up tables, gradient shading (both diffuse and specular reflection), four light sources, and alpha blending. For high frame rates, early ray termination and empty space skipping are implemented. Furthermore, subsampling during motion is provided. The system accepts raw data sets of 8-bit voxels as well as pre-segmented data sets containing up to 16 different materials. For gradient shading, the gradients are precomputed and included in 32-bit voxels. Additionally, the system supports volume animation, i.e., the display of a sequence of data sets. The system was specifically designed for Pentium III CPUs, and makes extensive use of MMX and Streaming SIMD instructions. It is a multi-threaded application and thus takes advantage of multiprocessor platforms. Time-critical portions of the code have been hand-optimized in assembler. As a result, the system can achieve interactive to real-time performance. ULTRAVIS runs on the Windows NT 4.0 operating system on standard PCs.
Room-temperature and continuous-wave lasing with nanoscale coaxial cavities

High mode confinement and modal sparsity in subwavelength metallic-plasmonic coaxial cavities enable the demonstration of continuous-wave and room-temperature lasing at telecommunication wavelengths in the smallest cavities to date.
Economic evaluation of HADSS™ computer program for weed management in nontransgenic and transgenic cotton

Abstract Field studies were conducted at four locations in North Carolina in 1998 and 1999 to evaluate the use of the Herbicide Application Decision Support System (HADSS™) for weed management in nontransgenic, bromoxynil-resistant, and glyphosate-resistant cotton. Weed management systems included trifluralin preplant incorporated (PPI) plus fluometuron preemergence (PRE) or no soil-applied herbicides. Postemergence (POST) options included bromoxynil, glyphosate, or pyrithiobac early POST (EPOST) followed by (fb) MSMA plus prometryn late postemergence–directed (LAYBY) or herbicide recommendations given by HADSS. Glyphosate-resistant systems provided control equivalent to or better than control provided by bromoxynil-resistant and nontransgenic systems for smooth pigweed, Palmer amaranth, large crabgrass, goosegrass, ivyleaf morningglory, and fall panicum. Trifluralin PPI fb fluometuron PRE fb HADSS POST provided equivalent or higher levels of weed control and yield than trifluralin PPI fb fluometuron PRE ...
Differential requirement for Src family tyrosine kinases in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (CaP) recurrence after androgen ablation therapy remains a significant cause of mortality in aging men. Malignant progression and metastasis are typically driven by genetic and epigenetic changes controlled by the androgen receptor (AR). However, evidence suggests that activated nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, including those of the Src family kinases (SFK), directly phosphorylate AR, thereby activating its transcriptional activity in the absence of serum androgen levels. To ascertain whether CaP progression and metastasis require SFK members, an autochthonous transgenic adenocarcinoma (AD) of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model was crossed into Src-, Lyn- or Fyn-null backgrounds. Primary-site CaP formation was dependent on Src, to a lesser extent, Lyn, but not Fyn. Only Src−/−;TRAMP prostate tumors were marked by reactive stroma. SFK deficiency did not affect progression to neuroendocrine (NE) disease, although there were fewer new cancer cases initiating after 34 weeks in the SFK−/−;TRAMP mice compared with TRAMP controls. Of note, 15% to 21% of older (>33 weeks) Lyn- or Fyn-null TRAMP mice lacking primary-site tumors suffered from aggressive metastatic AD growths, compared with 3% of TRAMP mice. Taken with the data that TRAMP mice lacking Src or Lyn exhibited fewer macroscopic metastases compared with Fyn−/−;TRAMP and TRAMP controls, this suggests that SFK can either promote or suppress specific parameters of metastatic growth, possibly depending on cross-talk with primary tumors. These data identify critical, yet potentially opposing roles played by various SFKs in the initiation and metastatic potential of CaP using the TRAMP model. Implications: Genetically defined mouse models indicate a critical role for Src tyrosine kinase in CaP initiation and metastatic progression. Mol Cancer Res; 12(10); 1470–9. ©2014 AACR.
Bio-Inspired Photonic Nanostructures and Lasers

We mimic nature to fabricate photonic nanostructures with only short-range order. Despite lack of long range order, light is effectively confined in such structures, leading to efficient lasing. Lasing frequency is tuned via structural parameter.
Inside the outside and outside the inside : Negative fusion from the margins of humanity

L'A. analyse ce que recouvre la notion d'identite personnelle. Il montre que la realite ne peut etre concue que dans le cadre d'une representation collective. Il etudie la relation entre langage et pensee et note que le langage tend a construire des oppositions polarisees. Il decrit de quelle maniere l'identite de l'autre et de la communaute d'appartenance (celle du «nous») sont contruites et montre comment la construction de l'identite d'une communaute engendre l'apparition de frontieres l'opposant a d'autres communautes
Identification Methods Commentary about Dematiaceous hyphomycetes in Fallen Dead Wood

In order to provide reference for the identification in production practices,research progress was reviewed from three aspects,including morphology,physiology and biochemistry,molecular biology.And the identification methods were briefly analyzed and prospected.
The GOP Primal — Relaxed Dual Decomposition Approach : Theory

This chapter presents the theory of the GOP algorithm introduced by Floudas and Visweswaran (1990, 1993). The GOP algorithm follows the basic ideas of decomposition first developed by Benders (1962) for mixed integer linear programming, and later extended by Geoffrion (1972) for nonlinear programming. The decomposition and duality principles are presented in detail in Floudas (1995). In section 3.1, the problem is stated and the classes of mathematical models that meet the imposed conditions are identified. In section 3.2, the reader is introduced to the basics of duality theory. In section 3.3, the theoretical properties that form the basis for the GOP are presented. Section 3.4 discusses the treatment of infeasible primal problems. Section 3.5 presents the algorithmic steps of the GOP approach and section 3.6 focuses on the convergence to an e-global optimum solution. Section 3.7 presents an illustrative example for the geometrical interpretation of the GOP algorithm. In section 3.8, the theoretical development of the GOP for quadratic programming problems with linear constraints is presented. In section 3.9, the GOP theory for quadratically constrained problems is discussed. In section 3.10, the theoretical analysis of the GOP for univariate polynomial problems is presented. Section 3.11 presents additional properties of the GOP that exploit the mathematical structure of the Lagrange function and enhance the computational performance. Section 3.12 presents the GOP approach in a branch and bound framework and its illustration. Section 3.13 introduces the reformulation of the relaxed dual problems as a single MILP model. Finally, section 3.15 presents a linear branching scheme for the GOP algorithm.
End stage renal disease associated with acquired cystic disease and neoplasia.

AbstractAcquired renal cystic disease is a recently recognized disease entity that primarily afflicts patients on chronic hemodialysis. The incidence of acquired renal cystic disease in patients with end stage renal disease ranges from 30 to 95 per cent. The major complications of acquired renal cystic disease appear to be neoplasia and hemorrhage. Neoplasia has been demonstrated in up to 45 per cent of all end stage kidneys with acquired cystic disease. Our surgical experience with 7 cases of end stage renal disease is reported. Acquired renal cystic disease was noted in 4 of the 7 cases (57 per cent) and renal neoplasia was evident in all 7. Worldwide experience to date in combined pathology and radiology series of patients undergoing hemodialysis demonstrates that acquired cystic disease, “tumor” (usually adenoma or oncocytoma) and renal carcinoma occur at respective rates of 47.1, 4.8 and 1.5 per cent. Since the pathologist will detect more tumors and cysts than the radiologist, these figures probably...
High resolution nonlinear Raman spectroscopy: fundamental aspects of line shapes for combustion environments

Accurate spectral line shape models of vibrational-rotational Raman spectra are necessary to interpret diagnostic measurements in combustion studies using techniques such as coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (GARS). The Q-branch of H2 is an important and interesting case that has received little study in the pressure, mole fraction, and temperature regimes important to combustion researchers.
Learning movements from a virtual instructor

We examined the effects of perspective (first person versus third person) and immersion (immersive versus nonimmersive) on motor learning in order to assess the format of action representations. Participants viewed the instructor from either a first or a third person perspective. During immersive conditions, they wore a 6 DoF-tracked head-mounted display, as in Figure 1(a). For nonimmersive conditions, they viewed a computer monitor, as in Figure 1(b). We also evaluated whether these effects were modulated by experience. Experienced dancers and novices practiced dances by imitating a virtual instructor and then subsequently had to perform the dances from memory without an instructor present, following a delay. Accuracy for both practice and test trials was video coded. In line with theoretical models of motor learning, mean accuracy increased with successive trials in accordance with the power law of practice. First person perspective formats led to better accuracy, but immersive formats did not, as shown in Figure 2. Experienced dancers were more accurate than novices, but format did not interact with experience. These results suggest that during learning, individuals across experience levels represent complex actions in first person perspective, and that virtual instruction does not require immersion to be effective.
Sacral neuromodulation of nociceptive bladder overactivity in cats.

Aims To investigate the effects of electrical stimulation of sacral dorsal/ventral roots on irritation-induced bladder overactivity, reveal possible different mechanisms under nociceptive bladder conditions, and establish a large animal model of sacral neuromodulation. Methods Intravesical infusion of 0.5% acetic acid (AA) was used to irritate the bladder and induce bladder overactivity in cats under α-chloralose anesthesia. Electrical stimulation (5, 15, or 30 Hz) was applied to individual S1–S3 dorsal or ventral roots at or below motor threshold intensity. Repeated cystometrograms (CMGs) were performed with/without the stimulation to determine the inhibition of bladder overactivity. Results AA irritation induced bladder overactivity and significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the bladder capacity to 62.6 ± 11.7% of control capacity measured during saline CMGs. At threshold intensity for inducing reflex twitching of the anal sphincter or toe, S1/S2 dorsal root stimulation at 5 Hz but not at 15 or 30 Hz inhibited bladder overactivity and significantly (P < 0.05) increased bladder capacity to 187.3 ± 41.6% and 155.5 ± 9.7% respectively, of AA control capacity. Stimulation of S3 dorsal root or S1–S3 ventral roots was not effective. Repeated stimulation of S1–S3 dorsal root did not induced a post-stimulation inhibition. Conclusions This study established a cat model of sacral neuromodualation of nociceptive bladder overactivity. The results revealed that the mechanisms underlying sacral neuromodulation are different for nociceptive and non-nociceptive bladder activity.
Innovation-induced food supply chain design

We present a conceptual framework depicting the issues and strategies of a firm with an innovation (in product or technology or system). To “implement” the innovation in terms of procurement of feedstock (intermediate inputs), production and processing, and marketing, the innovating firm undertakes strategic design of its supply chain. It must decide how much to produce, what segments of the supply chain to undertake in-house versus sourcing externally, and what institutions such as contracts and standards it will use to coordinate the suppliers assuring its external sourcing. The paper illustrates with cases from developed and developing economies, draws policy implications, and lays out a research agenda.
The Acquisition of Fisher Body

It is commonly said that General Motors was led to acquire in 1926 its supplier of automobile bodies, Fisher Body, because Fisher Body held up General Motors. It is claimed that they did this by locating their body plans far away from the General Motors assembly plants and by adapting inefficient methods of production, thus increasing the cost of producing bodies, thereby increasing profits of Fisher Body under its cost-plus contract. This tale is factually incorrect. What General Motors acquired in 1926 was the 40 percent of the shares that it did not already own. Furthermore, Fisher Body did not locate its plants far away from the General Motors assembly plants. It is also most implausible, for many reasons, that the Fisher brothers would have used inefficient methods of production. There is no evidence that a holdup occurred.
16 Emergency department patients with suicide risk: impact of alcohol intoxication

Statement of purpose To identify care differences between those with and without alcohol intoxication among emergency department (ED) patients who screened positive for suicide risk. Methods This was a retrospective, observational study of electronic medical records at an urban ED with universal suicide risk screening. Eligible patients had screened positive (‘active suicide ideation’ or ‘suicide attempt within past 6 months’) between January 2014 and December 2015. We reviewed a random sample of charts from three a priori age groups (18–34 years, n=300; 35–59 years, n=300; and 60+years, n=200) for demographic, medical, and visit characteristics. The primary outcomes were evaluation by a mental health professional, provision of resources, and ED disposition. Results Suicidal individuals who were intoxicated (blood alcohol level >0 or other intoxication documentation) were more often males aged 35–59 years. Intoxicated, suicidal individuals were less likely than those who were not intoxicated to see a mental health professional during the ED visit (72% vs 84%, p Conclusion There were discrepancies in ED care between intoxicated and non-intoxicated patients. This may relate to patients who express suicidality while intoxicated and recant once sober, leading to a less thorough evaluation. It may also reflect difficulty engaging patients in mental health care while intoxicated. Significance Alcohol intoxication is a risk factor for suicide, yet it can complicate risk assessment by impairing patients’ judgement and thinking. While guidelines recommend suicidal ED patients receive a comprehensive risk assessment, this may not always occur. ED providers may need additional education or guidelines to enhance best practice for these cases.
Beamforming of Sparse Cylindrical Arrays

As sparse arrays cost fewer elements, they are less expensive than dense arrays and could be applied widely in antenna and sonar deployment, two sparse cylindrical arrays are proposed in this paper. According to the characteristic of cylindrical array, it can be seen as a linear array whose elements are the identical circular arrays. Therefore the co-prime linear array and nested linear array could be combined with circular arrays. Based on the beam pattern of uniform cylindrical array, 1D and 2D beam patterns of co-prime cylindrical array and nested cylindrical array are derived respectively. In addition, when more than one sources are coming from arriving directions, the performance of sparse arrays are analyzed and compared. The simulation results show that the new proposed sparse cylindrical arrays not only reduce the number of elements, but also improves the resolution in comparison with an equal length uniform cylindrical array.
A Paradigm for Student Learning Outcome Assessment in Information Systems Education: Continuous Improvement or Chasing Rainbows?.

A paradigm is presented for student learning outcome assessment in information systems education. Successful deployment of the paradigm is illustrated using the author’s home institution. The paradigm is consistent with both the scholarship of teaching and learning and the scholarship of assessment. It is concluded that the deployment of the paradigm allows us to address program constituent concerns regarding student learning in higher education while simultaneously being consistent with accreditation requirements at the program (ABET), school (AACSB) and institutional (NEASC) levels.
PROCESSING COMPLETE DENTURES

When this procedure is followed carefully, a strip of 0.0005-inch shim stock meets resistance when an attempt is made to withdraw it from between the teeth in occlusion and the incisal pin and its table simultaneously. Therefore, it is possible to process complete dentures by using compression molding and external heat for polymerization. The procedure involves a precise step-by-step method with particular emphasis on (1) investing properly in dental stone, (2) packing only one denture at a time with only one mix of acrylic resin, (3) using minimum packing pressure with maximum flow time, (4) trial packing until no flash is evident, and (5) careful deflasking.
A Measure of the Stability of Activities in a Family Environment

The Stability of Activities in the Family Environment (SAFE) measure was developed to assess aspects of the construct of family stability. An earlier version of the SAFE was revised to improve its psychometric properties and better elaborate the construct that underlies the measure. College students completed the revised SAFE and other measures of family functioning with respect to their families of origin and measures of current adjustment. Findings support the reliability, internal consistency, and factor structure of the SAFE. It is suggested that the results of the factor analyses and findings that different aspects of family stability demonstrated different patterns of relationships to indices of family functioning, are consistent with the presumption guiding the development of the SAFE that families achieve stability in diverse ways. The validity of the SAFE was further supported by its relationship to measures of current self-esteem and depression.
Localization of spherocytosis to chromosome 8 or 12 and report of a family with spherocytosis and a reciprocal translocation.

Abstract Significant linkage was found between spherocytosis and a translocation involving the short arms of chromosomes 8 and 12. The gene for spherocytosis, therefore, is likely either very close to the centromere of chromosome 8 or on 12p. The unusually high frequency of spontaneous abortion in this family was probably due to this translocation and was unrelated to the spherocytosis.
Volunteerism as co-production in public service management: application to public safety in California

This study analyses volunteerism in public safety as a case of ‘participative coproduction’ that has the potential to improve administrative efficiency through substitution of labour but at the cos...
Measurement of the Dissociation of EuII-Containing Cryptates Using Murexide.

The dissociation rates of five EuII-containing cryptates in water were measured using UV–visible spectroscopy and murexide at pH 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, and 9. Murexide was used as a coordinating dye for EuII. The results for a known cryptate were within experimental error of the value obtained using other methods and enabled the measurement of other cryptates. This validation of the use of murexide to study the dissociation of EuII-containing cryptates enables its use with other complexes of EuII.
Absence Seizure Detection Using Ramanujan Filter Banks

Absence seizures are a type of generalized seizures characterized by a 3 Hz periodic spike and wave discharge pattern in the Electroencephalogram (EEG). The most common way to diagnose them is by detecting such periodic patterns in a patient’s EEG. Recently, a new method known as Ramanujan Filter Bank (RFB) was proposed for identifying, estimating and localizing periodicities in data. The RFB was shown to offer important advantages over traditional period estimation techniques in DSP. In this work, we demonstrate that the RFB offers very useful diagnostic information when applied to EEG signals from absence-seizure patients.