cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Imaging of Facial Cosmetic Surgery

A wide variety of materials have been used to augment facial tissues in the form of implants, grafts, fillers, and injectables (Fig. 1.1). The main types of implant and graft materials (Table 1.1) include solid silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene, high-density porous polyethylene, bone, and fat, while the main types of fillers and injectables (Table 1.2) include hyaluronic acid preparations, calcium hydroxylapatite, collagen, polytetrafluoroethylene, silicone, alkyl-imide gel polymer, and botulinum toxin, among others.
Renal and hindlimb vascular control during acute emotion in the baboon

Blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen consumption, and blood flow to the renal and hind-limb vasculatures were measured in healthy, unanesthetized baboons (Papio cynocephalus) in a controlled environment. Appropriate behavioral techniques were applied to allow the reproducible elicitation of a conditional emotional response (CER). Section of renal nerves and autonomic pharmacologic interventions were used to determine the mechanisms for the cardiovascular responses accompanying the CER. The resistance changes in the renal and hind-limb vascular beds were generated by rapid, neurally mediated vasoconstriction of the renal vasculature and by a slower acting, circulating vasoactive agent, most probably epinephrine, which causes a delayed second constriction in the renal bed and a net dilation in the hind limbs.
In honour of Stuart Hall

It is difficult to know where to begin in seeking to remember Stuart Hall.1 I did not know Stuart personally, as some of you in this room today undoubtedly did. Although I met him briefly on two oc...
Carotenoids, tocopherols, and retinoids in human buccal mucosal cells: intra- and interindividual variability and storage stability

The baseline, intra-, and interindividual variability as well as storage stability of carotenoids, tocopherols, and retinoids in human buccal mucosal cells were determined because this information is lacking. All the buccal mucosal cell samples were collected after an overnight fast. In the variability study, 154 subjects (median age 57.5 y) provided three samples each at 7-10-d intervals over a 1-mo period. In the stability study, 13 young volunteers provided four samples each before and during the 11 d of oral administration of beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, and vegetable juice; the cells were pooled and stored as a pellet at -80 degrees C. Eleven micronutrients were analyzed simultaneously with HPLC. The results indicated that 1) lycopene and beta-carotene were the two major carotenoids, retinol was not detected in most cell samples; 2) the intra-individual variability was small, but the interindividual variability was very large; 3) two measurements of micronutrient concentration in fasting buccal mucosal cells should be adequate to establish a representative baseline for each micronutrient; and 4) the micronutrients under the storage conditions were stable for > or = 8 mo.
Determination of an Effective Sensor Configuration for Suppression of the von Kármán Vortex Street

A research program is aimed at suppressing the von Karman vortex street in the wake of a circular cylinder. This work investigated the issues of number and placement of sensors for real-time estimation of the reduced order states required for closing the loop. Sensor configuration design was based on data from a laminar Direct Navier Stokes, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model. A low-dimensional Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) was applied to the velocity component in the direction of the flow and sensor placement was based on the intensity of the resulting spatial eigenfunctions. A Linear Stochastic Estimator (LSE) was employed to map the velocity data to the temporal coefficients of the reduced order model. The effectiveness of the sensor configurations was validated experimentally at the water tunnel facility at USAFA at Reynolds numbers ranging from 82-99. For the unforced wake, a sample of 200 Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements was used. Results show that a 5 sensor configuration can keep the root mean square estimation error, for the first two mode amplitudes, to within 4% for the simulation data and within 10% in the case of noisy experimental measurements. This level of error is acceptable for a moderately robust controller.
Simulated Measurements of Optical Tissue Properties from Breast Tomosynthesis Guided Diffuse Spectroscopy

This work studies an approach to combine tomosynthesis breast imaging with near infrared spectroscopy to determine tissue chromphore concentrations using spatial prior tomosythesis data and correlated scatter information.
Abtrennung von Submikrogramm-Mengen Arsen aus Ammomumfluoridlösungen

Zur Abtrennung von Arsen aus Ammoniumfluoridlosungen wird die Mitfallung an MnO(OH)2 benutzt, das innerhalb der Losung aus stochiometrischen Mengen von MnSO4 und KMnO4 gebildet wird. Der Niederschlag wird in HC1 gelost und As nach bekannten Methoden bestimmt.
Abstract B68: EGCG and theaflavin are direct inhibitors of the oncogenic lipid kinase, sphingosine kinase 1

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and theaflavin are polyphenols from green and black tea, respectively, that have been shown to have anti-cancer/anti-inflammatory effects through their antioxidant properties. Recent studies indicate that these tea polyphenols may also target the sphingosine kinase (SphK)/sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway. Therefore we examined whether these tea polyphenols can directly inhibit SphK1 catalytic activity. To accomplish this, we performed in vitro SphK activity assays to determine the kinetics properties of EGCG and theaflavin toward SphK1. These analyses indicate that EGCG, and its related tea polyphenols theaflavin, GCG and catechin all directly inhibit SphK1 catalytic activity. Further kinetic analysis indicates that EGCG is a non-competitive inhibitor of SphK1 (Ki = 450-500 nM). These data are the first demonstration of a direct inhibitory effect of tea polyphenols on SphK1 catalytic activity. Importantly, given the oncogenic role of SphK1, they suggest that SphK1 is a target of the anti-cancer/anti-inflammatory actions of the tea polyphenols such as EGCG and theaflavin. They further suggest that inhibiting SphK1 activity, using tea polyphenols, can be an effective chemopreventative strategy and that the structures of these polyphenols could serve as novel molecular scaffolds for the development of SphK inhibitors. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(12 Suppl):B68.
Experimental Determination of the g Factor in Metallic Zn

The de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) oscillations associated with the 3rd-zone electron pockets ("needles") in Zn are split into resolved spin subpeaks when detected with the ac-modulation technique at $T\ensuremath{\le}4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$K. At $P\ensuremath{\sim}1$ bar, ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{s}F$ is 0.36, where ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{s}F$ is defined as the $|\ensuremath{\Delta}(\frac{1}{H})|$ between neighboring subpeaks times the needle dHvA frequency $F$. The three needle $|g|$ values consistent with ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{s}F=0.36 \mathrm{are} 96, 170, \mathrm{and} 362$, in reasonable agreement with the values 90, 180, and 360 determined by Stark. The parameter ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{s}F$ decreases with increasing pressure (decreasing $\frac{c}{a}$ ratio) at a rate given by $\frac{d\mathrm{ln}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{s}F}{\mathrm{dP}}\ensuremath{\cong}\ensuremath{-}0.16$ ${\mathrm{kbar}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. At higher temperatures, the resolved spin splitting disappears and the apparent phase of the oscillations increases with increasing temperature (increasing $\frac{c}{a}$). The increase of the phase results from the dominant contribution of one spin state to the needle oscillations at higher temperatures coupled with the increase of ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{s}F$ with increasing $\frac{c}{a}$. The tendency of one spin-state contribution to dominate with increasing temperature is due to a difference between the effective masses associated with the 2 spin halves of a needle Landau level. The effective-mass difference is estimated by introducing arguments which depend heavily upon the conclusion, drawn from the experimental pressure dependence of the needle area and ${m}^{*}$, that the needles are very free-electron-like. When the Lifshitz and Kosevich expression for the oscillatory susceptibility is modified to include the difference in effective mass, the three $|g|$ values lead to different predictions for the temperature dependence of the phase of the needle oscillations. The value $|g|=170$ is selected, since it alone leads to an increase of the phase with temperature.
Flow Disturbance and Surface Roughness Effects on Cross-Flow Boundary-Layer Transition in Supersonic Flows

Fundamental experiments were performed to isolate and study cross-flow transition on a bi-convex, 35°-swept-wing model in Mach 2 flow conditions. Transition data acquired in this investigation were images of surface-based flow details resulting from the use of a sublimating chemical test technique. Freestream probes were used to acquire dynamic data to characterize the flow disturbance environment near the wing leading edge at each test condition. Surface profilometer measurements were acquired to characterize the wing model surface roughness near the leading edge for two different polish levels. Stationary cross-flow transition was observed for the higher total pressure test conditions for the polish level with a rougher finish. At the lower total pressure conditions, it was difficult to determine whether the cross-flow transition was dominated by either stationary or traveling disturbances. Traveling disturbances dominated the cross-flow transition at all test conditions for the polish level with a smoother finish. The impact of several distributed-roughness-element patterns on cross-flow transition was also explored. This study provides a broader perspective on what leading-edge wing surface roughness levels designers may want to consider for supersonic swept-wing laminar flow-control applications.
Dual Regimen with Stem Cell Antagonists and Differentiating Agents for Effective Chemotherapy

Chemoresistance and radioresistance of various malignancies has been attributed to the presence of cancer stem cells. Elimination of these cancer stem cells has been postulated to help enhance the effectiveness of conventional chemotherapy by decreasing resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However identifying cancer stem cells and selectively targeting them has been a challenge due to the lack of unique markers. Interconversion of more differentiated cells to less differentiated cells may potentially confound this problem. A mathematical model which simulates stem cell homeostasis with such inbuilt probability of interconversion is presented here. Perturbing the system by introducing various agents which enhance differentiation leads to interesting results. Utilizing pure stem cell antagonists does not lead to elimination of the tumor cells due to dedifferentiation. Differentiation of specific subsets of cells also does not lead to elimination of cancer cells and in some situations may paradoxically drive tumor growth in a robust manner. The model predicts that a dual regimen consisting of a stem cell antagonist and a differentiating agent which acts on multiple cell populations is effective in decelerating the tumor growth and in eliminating the tumor cells. This model provides a theoretical framework for the applicability of such a dual regimen in cancer treatment.
Aberrant carotid artery injury during myringotomy

Abstract Myringotomy is a commonly performed procedure amongst otolaryngologists. Hemorrhage during myringotomy, albeit rare, can be devastating. Because bleeding during myringotomy is typically minimal if at all, otolaryngologists must be suspicious of a vascular injury if hemorrhage during myringotomy is encountered. Knowledge of vascular anatomy and potential variations is critical for prompt recognition of injury and timely management if injury should occur. Appropriate treatment includes initial control of bleeding followed by imaging to evaluate for vascular anomaly and/or injury. This will guide further treatment which may include embolization, surgical ligation, or bypass grafting.
Grey Markov Predicting in the Value of Stock Investment

The traditional assets appraise theories, namely "Theory of stable basis" and "Theory of castles in the air" make people aware that both the inherent value of the stock and investors' psychological value play an important role to the behavior of investment. For ordinary investor, however, how to get the investment value of the stock under the incomplete terms of information? In the stock price predicting, the Gray Markov Predict Method uses the foundational theory, gives revision and expects to offer some guidance for investors' investment decision.
Production and characterization of thin Ti3H and Ti2H targets

We describe a simple and effective method for fabricating thin (∼ 20 μg/cm2) TiH targets with ratios of hydrogen isotope to Ti of up to 1.8:1. The 3H, 2H, and Ti areal densities were studied using the 3H(d, α), 2H(3He, α), and Ti(α, α) reactions, respectively.
Intradural Carcinoid Tumor Found in a Patient with No History of Cancer.

Background Carcinoid tumors are rare neoplasms that often arise from the gastrointestinal or respiratory tracts. They often metastasize to bone tissue and pancreatic and hepatic sites. The central nervous system and most specifically the spinal cord are rarely involved. Primary carcinoid tumors of the central nervous system are even rarer. Case Description A 58-year-old man presented with progressive bilateral lower extremity weakness and a negative history of cancer. Imaging revealed an intradural mass at the L1 and L2 spinal levels. Surgical resection of the tumor via laminectomy was performed. The tumor was observed to have eroded through the dura and was compressing the spinal nerves. Histopathologically, the mass was observed to be of carcinoid origin. A subsequent octreoscan revealed no primary sites of carcinoid tumor. Postoperatively, the patient was followed for 1.5 years. The patient reported improvement in sensation to his lower extremities with no change in motor findings. Conclusions Carcinoid tumors of the central nervous system are extremely rare, but they should remain in the differential diagnosis for patients experiencing extremity weakness and back or neck pain with an intradural mass and no primary source of the tumor identified or other manifestations of a primary tumor.
Transient Iron Resistance in Severe Iron Deficiency Anemia.

Abstract Abstract 5104 Background Iron deficiency is the primary cause of anemia in the United States. Occasionally the anemia is severe enough to require transfusion of blood products. Anecdotal case reports described a state of transient iron intolerance in patients with profound, prolonged iron deficiency. We are presenting a study, evaluating in a prospective fashion how the iron parameters of patients with severe iron deficiency respond to blood transfusion and compare this to the trajectory of patients with other causes of anemia. Methods We included nineteen consecutive patients admitted to the medical floors with the diagnosis of anemia. Six of them had severe iron deficiency. The remaining part of the cohort carried the diagnosis of refractory anemia or anemia of chronic disease. We evaluated serum iron level, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin, and ferritin levels immediately prior to the transfusion of two units PRBCs and then six, twelve, twenty four, and forty eight hours after the completion of the transfusion, and correlated them to the pre- and post-transfusional IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, MIB-1β, MCP-1, erythropoietin, and hepcidin values of severely iron deficient patients and patients with other causes of their anemia. Results Patients with severe iron deficiency anemia showed a transient peak of the serum iron levels immediately after completion of blood transfusion. This normalized after 24 hours. In the not severely iron deficient population, no peak in the serum iron levels was observed. The remaining iron parameters, namely TIBC, transferrin, and ferritin remained unchanged. The transient elevation of the serum iron levels correlated with changes in the level of different cytokines. Conclusion Severely iron deficient patients show a transient intolerance to externally, parenterally delivered iron, that normalizes within 24 hours. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
When leaders are not who they appear: The effects of leader disclosure of a concealable stigma on follower reactions

Two studies examined follower reactions to disclosure of concealable stigma (i.e., transgender identity) by a leader. Using 109 employed participants, Study 1 showed followers rated leaders disclosing a stigma less likable and effective. This effect was both direct and indirect through relational identification with the leader. Using 206 employed participants, Study 2 found when a leader's stigma was involuntarily found out and disclosed later they received lower ratings of likability and effectiveness compared to leaders who voluntarily came out and disclosed earlier. Method (found out vs. came out) and timing of disclosure (later vs. earlier) had direct relationships with ratings of likability and effectiveness and method of disclosure had an indirect relationship with the outcomes via relational identification.
Addressing VAST Needs

The author discusses the need for public health efforts that address problems that people face that are rooted in violence, addiction, social isolation, and traumatic life events (VAST) in order to promote suicide prevention. Topics include the need for health professionals to cultivate a culture of encounter in which they get to know people with VAST needs, and the importance of acknowledging a shared humanity between health professionals and individuals with VAST needs.
Utilizing the Centiloid scale in cross-sectional and longitudinal PiB PET studies.

Abstract Amyloid imaging is a valuable tool for research and diagnosis in dementing disorders. Successful use of this tool is limited by the lack of a common standard in the quantification of amyloid imaging data. The Centiloid approach was recently proposed to address this problem and in this work, we report our implementation of this approach and evaluate the impact of differences in underlying image analysis methodologies using both cross-sectional and longitudinal datasets. The Centiloid approach successfully converts quantitative amyloid burden measurements into a common Centiloid scale (CL) and comparable dynamic range. As expected, the Centiloid values derived from different analytical approaches inherit some of the inherent benefits and drawbacks of the underlying approaches, and these differences result in statistically significant (p
Transfer of Salmonella montevideo onto the Interior Surfaces of Tomatoes by Cutting

Salmonella contamination of precut watermelon, tomatoes, and cantaloupes was responsible for several outbreaks of salmonellosis. To better understand the relationship between bacterial doses and their transfer onto cut surfaces by using a knife, rifampicin-resistant Salmonella montevideo at 7, 70, 700, or 7,000 CFU in Butterfield's buffer (BPB) or tryptic soy broth (TSB) was added to the stem scars of tomatoes. Tomatoes were cut from the stem scar to blossom end using a sterilized knife. After stem scars were aseptically removed, cut surfaces were placed on tryptic soy agar-rifampicin (TSA-RIF) plates or processed by a broth enrichment method to determine if S. montevideo had been transferred to the cut surface. S. montevideo was recovered in a dose-related fashion using both methods. A higher recovery rate was obtained with bacterial inocula in TSB than in BPB, and also with broth enrichment rather than the direct plating method. The distribution of the transferred S. montevideo on the cut surface of contaminated and noncontaminated tomatoes with a knife was related to the inoculum dose added to the stem scars. S. montevideo colonies were found to cluster at the stem scar region with the lower inoculum dose. However, when a higher inoculum dose was used, the colonies spread from the stem scar region to the center and bottom of cut tomatoes, or they were transferred to another uninoculated tomato by the contaminated knife. Therefore, the safety operation criteria recommended by FDA to wash fruits before cutting, to use clean and sanitized utensils and surfaces when preparing cut fruits, and to store the cut fruits below 7°C should be followed in preparing tomato slices to minimize salmonellosis outbreaks caused by this product.
Molecular Targets and Clinical Cancer Risk Reductive Interventions

Publisher Summary The term chemoprevention was first used by Sporn et al . to define the use of interventions ranging from diet modification, purified dietary extracts, to drugs for the purpose of blocking, reversing, or preventing the development of invasive cancer. The term “cancer risk reductive intervention” (CRRI) is preferred over the term “chemoprevention” to precisely identify the broad range of strategies to reverse or delay carcinogenesis, including whole diet interventions, dietary extracts, drugs, behavior modification, smoking cessation, and others. The carcinogenesis process occurs over decades and provides opportunities to intervene at many steps in transformation and cancer initiation. As the carcinogenesis process requires a cascade of molecular changes over time, the interventions designed to reverse or delay these changes need to be diverse and target multiple mechanisms of carcinogenesis. In the development and clinical deployment of CRRIs, one must be mindful of therapeutic index, the toxicity, or side effects of a given intervention compared to the benefit derived from that intervention. CRRIs are intended for use in healthy individuals who have increased the risk of developing cancer due to genetic predisposition or environmental exposures or both. Successful deployment of CRRIs will reduce cancer-associated mortality or delay the age of mortality.
Media Coverage, Forecasted Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, and Psychological Responses Before and After an Approaching Hurricane.

Importance Exposure to disaster-related media coverage is associated with negative mental health outcomes. However, risk factors that render individuals vulnerable to this exposure are unknown. Hurricane-associated media exposure was expected to explain the association between forecasted posttraumatic stress (PTS) and adjustment after the hurricane. Objective To examine forecasted PTS responses and media coverage as risk factors for negative mental health outcomes in the context of media coverage of an approaching disaster (Hurricane Irma). Design, Setting, and Participants In a representative probability community sample of 1637 adults from Florida, respondents completed 2 online surveys: the first during the 60 hours before Hurricane Irma’s landfall (wave 1; September 8-11, 2017) and the second approximately 1 month later (wave 2; October 12-29, 2017). Poststratification weights were applied to facilitate population-based inferences. Data were analyzed from October 19 through 31, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Posttraumatic stress responses, psychological distress, functional impairment, and worry about future events. Results The wave 1 survey included 1637 participants (57.0% response rate); 1478 participants were retained at the wave 2 follow-up (90.3% retention) (weighted proportion of women, 62.2%; mean [SD] age, 59.1 [15.2] years). The final weighted sample closely approximated US Census benchmarks for the state of Florida. Data analyses using structural equation modeling revealed that exposure to media coverage of the hurricane (β = 0.21; 95% CI, 0.11-0.31;P Conclusions and Relevance Results of this study provide a more thorough understanding of how psychological factors before hurricanes are associated with adjustment after hurricanes via media consumption. The findings may also demonstrate the importance of considering prestorm psychological factors when assessing poststorm outcomes, with implications for the media and public health efforts.
When Social Perception Goes Wrong: Judging Targets’ Behavior toward Gay Versus Straight People

Accurate social perception depends on many factors, including the extent to which perceivers hold correct beliefs about how behaviors reflect the characteristic being judged. In Study 1, target par...
List of Addictive Drugs and Their Metabolites in Urine

Medications are increasingly being abused and lead to addiction and overdose. Activation of dopamine mesolimbic system forms the common pathway of addiction by both prescription and illegal drugs. It is very important to know the metabolic products of those drugs for appropriate monitoring of patient use of prescribed medications and detection of illegal drug use.
Language modelling using a hidden Markov chain with application to automatic transcription of French stenotypy

Two kinds of problems arise in speech recognition: at the acoustic level (phonetic recognition), and at the linguistic level (lexical ambiguity).
Examining Christian views toward the Affordable Care Act: The importance of race and denomination

While the majority of U.S. Christians opposed the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2010, opinion was deeply divided by race/ethnicity and denominational group. Using national data from the Cooperative Congressional Election Study, we analyzed variation in ACA support across Christian denominational groups and offered explanations for these differences. We found overwhelming support among African Americans, less unified but majority support from Hispanics, and majority opposition from non-Hispanic White Christians. Among White Catholics and Protestants, ACA support varied considerably, and views toward abortion policy statistically explained much of the difference in likelihood to support the ACA across denominational categories (comparing White mainline versus Evangelical Protestants, and white moderate versus devout Catholics). Differences in anti-Black racial resentment were substantial between White Evangelical and mainline Protestants, and helped explain some of the gaps in ACA support between these groups. We conclude that differences in ACA views by denomination can be explained by firmly held group beliefs that may be difficult to sway, even if the program is a technical success.
The Nation and the Church: What the Church can Learn from the Nation of Islam Today

This article takes an ethnographic approach to examining the present day Nation of Islam (NOI) and the implications of its history and sustained efficacy for the Church. Research centers around several devout members of the NOI living on Chicago's south side. Themes discussed in the article focus on concepts of African American identity, ultimate truth, divine judgment, and self-pride, all of which serve the purpose of elevating group and individual self-confidence and independence. In light of the rise to prominence of the NOI and its message, as well as its continued viability long after its founders have passed away, implications for the Church and its relationship with African Americans are explored and suggestions are made for the Church moving forward.
Structure-based group A streptococcal vaccine design: Helical wheel homology predicts antibody cross-reactivity among streptococcal M protein–derived peptides

Group A streptococcus (Strep A) surface M protein, an α-helical coiled-coil dimer, is a vaccine target and a major determinant of streptococcal virulence. The sequence-variable N-terminal region of the M protein defines the M type and also contains epitopes that promote opsonophagocytic killing of streptococci. Recent reports have reported considerable cross-reactivity among different M types, suggesting the prospect of identifying cross-protective epitopes that would constitute a broadly protective multivalent vaccine against Strep A isolates. Here, we have used a combination of immunological assays, structural biology, and cheminformatics to construct a recombinant M protein–based vaccine that included six Strep A M peptides that were predicted to elicit antisera that would cross-react with an additional 15 nonvaccine M types of Strep A. Rabbit antisera against this recombinant vaccine cross-reacted with 10 of the 15 nonvaccine M peptides. Two of the five nonvaccine M peptides that did not cross-react shared high sequence identity (≥50%) with the vaccine peptides, implying that high sequence identity alone was insufficient for cross-reactivity among the M peptides. Additional structural analyses revealed that the sequence identity at corresponding polar helical-wheel heptad sites between vaccine and nonvaccine peptides accurately distinguishes cross-reactive from non–cross-reactive peptides. On the basis of these observations, we developed a scoring algorithm based on the sequence identity at polar heptad sites. When applied to all epidemiologically important M types, this algorithm should enable the selection of a minimal number of M peptide–based vaccine candidates that elicit broadly protective immunity against Strep A.
Systems of Differential Equations without Linear Terms1,2

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the systems of differential equations without linear terms. The qualitative behavior of solutions of a system is often closely connected to the behavior of the solutions of the corresponding system of first approximation. There is a set of real numbers, the radial type numbers that reduce the linear case to the real parts of the characteristic numbers of the matrix of coefficients. These numbers are used to obtain a generalization of the classical stability theorem of Liapunov. According to Liapunov theorem, if the characteristic numbers of A have negative real parts, then the trivial solution, x = 0, of dxdt = f(x) + g(x, t) is asymptotically stable, where x is an n-vector, f(x)is homogeneous of positive degree k, and f(x), g(x, t) are continuously differentiable in x and in t for all x in a region D containing the origin and for all t.
Metabolic constraints on the B cell response to malaria.

Early plasmablasts responding to Plasmodium infection may outcompete germinal center B cells for l-glutamine and delay pathogen control.
Direct comparison of microstructure-sensitive fatigue crack initiation via crystal plasticity simulations and in situ high-energy X-ray experiments

Abstract The qualification of engineering materials requires extensive testing of the time-dependent performance of the material, namely the fatigue behavior. Model-based approaches for determining the fatigue behavior have presented a tangible step towards complementing and reducing the overall number of physical tests necessary to qualify a material for use in application. Yet, prior to the adoption of the model-based approaches, the model needs to be thoroughly validated, presenting challenges, including substantiating the model's ability to capture the correct physics for crack initiation, which is difficult provided the multiple length-scales of the problem. In this paper, a methodology and demonstration for validating the location of microstructure-sensitive fatigue crack initiation as predicted by crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) simulations, using high-energy X-ray diffraction and tomography experiments are presented. Realistic 3D microstructural models are created for the material of interest, IN718 (produced via additive manufacturing), with different twin instantiations, based on the experimental data for use in the CPFE simulations. The location of failure predicted using the extreme values of failure metrics (plastic strain accumulation and plastic strain energy density) resulted in an unambiguous one-to-one correlation with the experimentally observed location of crack-initiation for the models with statistical twin instantiations.
RxLegal: The Evolving Legal Landscape of Telehealth

The provision of telehealth services has increased dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic with the introduction of various temporary waivers and rules designed to increase flexibility in the pan...
Sediment transport and deposition in flood-tidal deltas: Insight from the Texas Coast

Abstract While tidal environments are ubiquitous around the planet, limited work on these systems, particularly those that are in microtidal settings, hinders our understanding of tidal paleo-environments. In this study, we analyze the modern sediment dynamics of the San Luis Pass area, a microtidal system located on the Texas Gulf Coast. The focus of this work is to characterize sediment distribution and establish a quantitative relationship between sedimentary structure geometry, water depth, sediment grain size, and current velocities. A total of 160 seafloor sediment samples were collected in the modern San Luis Pass tidal delta between July 2017 and August 2018; this time span coincided with the landfall of Hurricane Harvey in the area in August 2017. Ripple geometry was measured in 46 locations along the flood-tidal delta. There is a rapid transition in grain size, from proximal (fine sand) to distal (silt and very fine sand) sediments at about 4.3 km from the mouth of the tidal inlet. This change is likely due to a decrease in current velocities away from the inlet entrance, resulting in a change in sediment transport from a combined bedload/suspension to suspension. Post Hurricane Harvey sediments are finer grained compared to those collected before the hurricane landfall, most likely due to high runoff during the storm event. In addition, increased water depths were measured after the hurricane landfall, indicating a significant erosion in the San Luis Pass area. Current ripples were only present in the proximal (sandier) area. We found a positive correlation between ripple height/ripple wavelength and water depth. However, the correlation is much stronger for ripple wavelength, even when compared to other published ripple measurements. We, therefore, propose to use ripple wavelength as a more reliable means to estimate paleo-water depths instead of ripple height. Nevertheless, more measurements from modern environments are necessary to establish a more robust geometric relation from ripples in a variety of paleoenvironments.
A Google Street View analysis of gentrification: a case study of one census tract in Northside, Cincinnati, USA

Since the 1990s, the gentrification process in the U.S. has diffused down the urban hierarchy and to neighborhoods further from downtown. This paper focuses on one census tract in the inner-ring suburbs of one mid-sized city in the U.S. undergoing gentrification between 2000 and 2016. While the use of census data to measure gentrification has been around for decades, a new tool, Google Street View, can now supplement the measurement of gentrification. Using census data, Google Street View imagery, and Hwang’s (Gentrification, race, and immigration in the changing American city, Harvard University, Cambridge, 2015) gentrification index, I document change in the built environment of the neighborhood of Northside (Tract 74) in the city of Cincinnati. This tract’s accessible location to downtown Cincinnati and the University of Cincinnati/Hospital Complex as well as the availability of high-quality, low-cost housing made it a focal point for individual, corporate, and government investment after 2000. By 2014/16, that investment had transformed the built environment of Tract 74. There is no evidence that the Great Recession slowed the gentrification process as Tract 74 transitioned from disinvested in 2011 to early stage gentrification by 2014/16.
Epigenetic aging biomarkers associated with cognitive impairment in older African American adults with HIV.

BACKGROUND Accelerated epigenetic aging using DNA methylation (DNAm)-based biomarkers has been reported in people with HIV (PWH), but limited data are available among African Americans (AA), women, and older PWH. METHODS DNAm was measured using Illumina EPIC Arrays for 107 (69 PWH and 38 HIV-seronegative controls) AA adults ≥60 years in New York City. Six DNAm-based biomarkers of aging were estimated: (1) epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), (2) extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (EEAA), (3) intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (IEAA), (4) GrimAge, (5) PhenoAge, and (6) DNAm-estimated telomere length (DNAm-TL). The NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (domains: executive function, attention, working memory, processing speed, and language) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were administered. Participants were assessed for frailty by the Fried criteria. RESULTS The PWH and control groups did not differ by sex, chronological age, or ethnicity. 83% of PWH had a viral load <50 copies/mL and 94% had a recent CD4 ≥200 cells/µL. The PWH group had a higher EAA, EEAA, GrimAge, and PhenoAge, and a lower DNAm-TL compared to the controls. IEAA was not different between groups. For PWH, there were significant negative correlations between IEAA and executive function, attention, and working memory and PhenoAge and attention. No associations between biomarkers and frailty were detected. CONCLUSION Evidence of epigenetic age acceleration was observed in AA older PWH using DNAm-based biomarkers of aging. There was no evidence of age acceleration independent of cell type composition (IEAA) associated with HIV, but this measure was associated with decreased cognitive function among PWH.
Post-materialism as a basis for achieving environmental sustainability

A recent article in this journal, 'Achieving a Post-Growth Green Economy', argued that a turn to post-material values by younger generations may be setting the stage for a more environmentally friendly, post-growth green global economy. To expand the foundations for the possible emergence of such an economy, the current article offers empirical evidence from the World Values Survey for the propositions that individual post-material values and experiences leads to (1) a reduction in consumption-oriented activities, (2) a shift to more environmentally friendly forms of life that include living at higher, more energy efficient urban densities, (3) having families with fewer children, and (4) greater political support for environmental improvement. Such behavioral shifts provide a foundation for a no-growth, or even a negative-growth, economy among the affluent nations of the world leading to declining rates of energy and materials throughput to the benefit of a healthier global biosphere.
NONVERBAL CUES IN E-MAIL SUPPORTIVE COMMUNICATION

In face-to-face contexts, the use of emotional nonverbal cues tends to increase support satisfaction. However, it is not known whether emotional nonverbal cues function in the same manner in supportive interactions conducted across e-mail. This article reports the findings of two empirical studies examining the association between nonverbal cues, support satisfaction, and communicator sex. Results indicate that female senders use more emotional nonverbal cues than do male senders, yet nonverbal cue usage is not associated with the recipient's support satisfaction. This suggests that emotional nonverbal cues expressed online may lose potency relative to such cues in offline contexts.
Effects of Malnutrition on Some Aspects of RNA Metabolism in the Maternal Liver and Fetal Tissues at Different Stages of Pregnancy in the Rat

A comparison was made between rats fed diets containing either 5% casein or 25% casein, both being supplemented with DL-methionine, from the first day of pregnancy. Livers of dams killed on days 7, 14, and 21 and whole fetuses on days 12, 14, and 21 were weighed, analyzed for protein, RNA and DNA content and assayed for ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase (SAMD). Free and total alkaline ribonuclease activity were also measured in the maternal livers. Malnutrition reduced the characteristic increase in content of DNA, RNA and protein in the maternal liver and fetus. In control rats total hepatic RNase activity increased and free RNase activity decreased during late pregnancy. In the deprived group, total activity decreased and free activity increased during late pregnancy. Liver and fetal ODC and SAMD activities were reduced by undernutrition. These studies show that malnutrition reduced both growth and the accretion of RNA in livers and fetuses of rat dams. These changes coincide with a reduced activity of polyamine synthesizing enzymes suggesting that there is a functional relationship between polyamines and RNA. High hepatic free RNase activity in malnourished dams may help to limit any build up in RNA content.
Monetary Policy And Exchange Rate Choices For Mexico

Mexico is the only country in Latin America that has maintained a floating exchange rate regime for a relatively long period of time. Therefore the study of Mexico?s experience could provide useful lessons for other emerging economies. The paper analyses how monetary and exchange rate policy has been conducted in Mexico since 1994, concluding that the evolution of the Mexican peso exchange rate has not been that different than the one of currencies of industrialized countries that float. Lastly the paper addresses the issue of whether Mexico should (and could) adopt a currency board or dollarize the economy.
Ordering Fault-Prone Software Modules

Software developers apply various techniques early in development to improve software reliability, such as extra reviews, additional testing, and strategic assignment of personnel. Due to limited resources and time, it is often not practical to enhance the reliability of all modules. Our goal is to target reliability enhancement activities to those modules that would otherwise have problems later. Prior research has shown that a software quality model based on software product and process metrics can predict which modules are likely to have faults. A module-order model is a quantitative software quality model that is used to predict the rank-order of modules according to a quality factor, such as the number of faults. The contribution of this paper is definition of module-order models and a method for their evaluation and use. Two empirical case studies of full-scale industrial software systems provide empirical evidence of the usefulness of module-order models for targeting reliability enhancement.
Segmenting Taiwanese Travelers on Cruises in North America: Comparing the Involvement and Cluster Approach

The cruise industry is the fastest growing category within the leisure market. Asia is a large market and a potential growth area for the cruise industry. Within Asia, the Taiwanese cruise market has grown substantially since 1997. The involvement construct is an important psychographic facet of consumer behavior. Involvement is defined as a person's perceived relevance of the object based on inherent needs, values, and interests. Past research has linked the level of involvement to travel motivation for leisure choices, including travel. Cluster analysis is a classic market segmentation approach that has been extensively used in the tourism literature. The cluster approach has been used to understand travel motivations, satisfaction, dining choices, etc. However, no studies have presented a comparison of the two methods. There are only a few research studies on cruise vacations. Furthermore, no studies have identified the involvement levels of Taiwanese cruisers and segmented the Taiwanese cruise market ...
Expression of CD44 and variant isoforms in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells.

Purpose. CD44 is a major hyaluronic acid receptor that exists as a number of isoforms, gener-ated by alternative splicing of 9 "variant" exons in humans (v2 to vlO) and 10 exons inrodents. Little is known about the expression and function of CD44 in human retinal pigmentepithelium (RPE) cells. Therefore, the authors determined whether human RPE cells expressCD44, and whether the expression differs depending on the proliferative status of the cells.Methods. Human RPE cells were harvested from normal donor eyes and propagated in culture.Total RNA was extracted from cultured cells. mRNA expression of CD44 was determined byreverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), followed by cloning and sequenc-ing of the PCR products, and by Southern hybridization. CD44 cell surface expression wasmeasured by flow cytometry. Western hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used todetermine the CD44 immunoreactivity of cultured human RPE cells and normal human RPEcells in situ.Results. The standard form of CD44 mRNA and variant isoforms containing exon v6 or vlOwere expressed in cultured human RPE cells. CD44 mRNA and protein levels were increasedin proliferating human RPE cells compared with density-arrested counterparts. Addition of1 /JM retinoic acid enhanced the cell density-induced downregulation of CD44 mRNA, butdid not significantly affect the CD44 cell surface protein expression. As previously reported,CD44 immunoreactivity was not detected in normal human RPE cells in situ.Conclusions. Cultured human RPE cells express CD44 standard form and variant isoformscontaining exon v6 or vlO, which are preferentially expressed by proliferating human RPEcells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38:2027-2037.
Nonlinear optics in celestial natural maser-laser environment

The study of celestial (natural) maser-laser environment has not yet been well connected with nonlinear optics; many nonlinear optical processes and effects have been (fundamentally) neglected. It is now proposed in this Letter that nonlinear optics can (and should) actively be introduced to the study of the celestial maser-laser environment, with some modifications upon consideration of the difference of environments. This Letter provides a theoretical basis for this new approach. This is very significant to the study of celestial maser-laser environment, and may be significant to nonlinear optics as well; this may also produce an interplay between the two fields.
REVERSED-PHASE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD DEVELOPMENT IN AN ANALYTICAL QUALITY BY DESIGN FRAMEWORK

The Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) concept is demonstrated in the development of a stability-indicating HPLC method for an immediate release dosage form. The AQbD workflow is discussed and demonstrated with a systematic three stage liquid chromatograph method development (wave 1 through wave 3), risk assessment (RA), design of experiments (DOEs), and assessment of the data to provide a method operable design region (MODR) and center point for the method. The use of AQbD workflows streamlines the development of methods as compared to traditional approaches. With the addition of systematic RAs and DOEs, robust and rugged analytical methods result. These methods will have fewer issues and failures throughout the lifecycle due to the knowledge gained via the AQbD process and defining chromatographic set points away from the edges of failure.
Quantum optics experiments with single photons for undergraduate laboratories

We present new results of interference experiments for undergraduates that underscore the quantum nature of the light. The experiments use parametric down-conversion to generate pairs of correlated photons. The experiments involve one- and two-photon interference schemes that rely on first and second-order coherence effects. They can be used as a complement to teaching quantum mechanics or quantum optics.