cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hadron bags in nuclear matter

Abstract The idea of Celenza, Rosenthal, and Shakin for studying nucleon structure in nuclear matter by having the nuclear mean fields act directly on the quarks in nucleons is applied to the MIT bag model with center-of-mass correction. An attractive scalar potential makes quarks more relativistic by decreasing their masses. The probability for populating the lower Dirac component is thereby increased, the axial charge is reduced, and the Δ — N mass difference is increased. Nucleon magnetic moments become larger, while nucleon bag and matter radii tend to decrease. These results are rather different from those obtained in the CRS quark-diquark model. The limitations of the calculated results are briefly discussed.
MECHANISMS OF SERUM-ENHANCED ADHESION OF HUMAN ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES TO EPITHELIAL CELLS

Adhesive interactions between macrophages and epithelial cells in the pulmonary alveoli may be important in the pathogenesis of inflammatory lung diseases, such as those induced by cigarette smoking. Potential mechanisms controlling the interactions between these cells were investigated using human alveolar macrophages (AM) and MDCK or A549 epithelial cells. Five percent human serum enhanced the adhesion of AM to MDCK cells by approximately 6-fold and to A549 cells by approximately 1.7-fold. This enhancement was reduced by heating the serum for 30 min at 55°C. Treating normal human serum with methylamine to inactivate C3, substituting C3-deficient serum, or pretreating serum-exposed MDCK cells with anti-C3 F(ab′)2 all significantly diminished the adhesion of AM, suggesting that complement is involved. With the use of flow cytometry to examine complement receptors on AM, both CD11b/CD18 and CD11c/CD18 were detected but CR1 was not evident. Preincubating AM with a monoclonal antibody to CD18 reduced the adhesion of AM to MDCK cells by 40% while a significant reduction could not be demonstrated after preincubation with antibodies to either CD11b or CD11c. These data suggest that in the presence of serum C3bi is deposited on the surface of MDCK cells and that AM may attach to these cells, at least in part, through interactions between C3bi and one or more receptors in the CD11/CD18 family, which are present on AM.
A comparison of radiative capture with decay gamma-ray method in bore hole logging for economic minerals

Abstract The recent availability of borehole logging sondes employing a source of neutrons and a Ge(Li) detector opens up the possibility of analyzing either decay or capture gamma rays. The most efficient method for a given element can be predicted by calculating the decay-to-capture count ratio for the most prominent peaks in the respective spectra. From a practical point of view such a calculation must be slanted toward short irradiation and count times at each station in a borehole. A simplified method of computation is shown, and the decay-to-capture count ratio has been calculated and tabulated for the optimum value in the decay mode irrespective of the irradiation time, and also for a ten minute irradiation time. Based on analysis of a single peak in each spectrum, the results indicate the preferred technique and the best decay or capture peak to observe for those elements of economic interest.
Predictions for Uranus from a radiometric Bode's law

Determinations by spacecraft of the low-frequency radio spectra and radiation beam geometry of the magnetospheres of earth, Jupiter, and Saturn now permit a reliable assessment of the overall efficiency of the solar wind in stimulating intense, nonthermal radio bursts from these magnetospheres. It is found that earlier estimates of how magnetospheric radio output scales with the solar wind energy input must be greatly revised, with the result that, while the efficiency is much lower than previously thought, it is remarkably uniform from planet to planet. A 'radimetric Bode's law' is formulated from which a planet's magnetic moment can be estimated from its radio emission output. This law is applied to estimate the low-frequency radio power likely to be measured for Uranus by Voyager 2. It is shown how measurements of Uranus's radio flux can be used to estimate the planetary magnetic moment and solar wind stand-off distance before the in situ measurements.
GENERALIZED AERODYNAMIC FORCES BASED ON CFD AND CORRECTION FACTOR TECHNIQUES FOR AGARD WING 445.6

A number of comparisons are presented, based on the experimental data published by Yates in reference [1], between various results obtained with: (i) Doublet Lattice Method (DLM), (ii) Computational Fluid Dynamics codes based on Euler and Navier-Stokes approximations, and (iii) DLM corrected with diagonal and full matrices. For the particular case of AGARD Wing 445.6, it is shown that DLM provides accuracy similar to that of the more expensive CFD codes. This is most likely due to the relatively small thickness of the airfoil section. It is also shown that correcting DLM with diagonal matrices may lead to distortions of the Generalized Aerodynamics Forces values and trends. By contrast, full correction matrices do not exhibit such shortcomings, and are therefore better suited for the purpose of matching DLM results with wind tunnel and/or CFD data.
BIAS REDUCTION FOR DYNAMIC NONLINEAR PANEL MODELS WITH FIXED EFFECTS

The fixed effects estimator of panel models can be severely biased because of well-known incidental parameter problems. It is shown that this bias can be reduced in nonlinear dynamic panel models. We consider asymptotics where n and T grow at the same rate as an approximation that facilitates comparison of bias properties. Under these asymptotics, the bias-corrected estimators we propose are centered at the truth, whereas fixed effects estimators are not. We discuss several examples and provide Monte Carlo evidence for the small sample performance of our procedure.
Effect of lysine vasopressin on pentylenetetrazol-induced retrograde amnesia in rats.

Abstract Lysine vasopressin (1 μg/rat SC) administered 1 hr prior to either the acquisition trial or 24 hr retention trial facilitated passive avoidance retention. Amnesia was produced when a single 50 mg/kg (IP) injection of pentylenetetrazol was given immediately following the passive avoidance acquisition trial. A single injection of lysine vasopressin (1 μg/rat SC) administered 1 hr prior to either the acquisition trial or 24 hr retention trial antagonized the amnesia.
Task-oriented architectures

Recent advances in system design provide increasing opportunities for rapid experimentation with task-oriented architectures, i.e., architectures designed to perform extremely well for a given application. Problems encountered in one such experiment indicate that, contrary to initial expectations, only a small fraction of the effort is required for hardware development. Most of the effort was devoted to algorithm analysis and restructuring, architecture design, systems programming, software and hardware debugging, and performance analysis. This paper presents a case study in task-oriented architecture, using the Harpy connected speech recognition system as the problem domain. This study highlights the limitations of current methods and presents a number of tools and techniques that are useful for experimentation with task-oriented architectures.
Organizational processes as determinants of information value

Abstract Research on the determinants of information value has not explicitly considered whether the type of organizational process participated in by a decisionmaker has an effect on his/her evaluation of information on which the decision is based. Much important managerial activity in organizations is carried on through formal or informal processes such as budgeting and strategic planning. If process differences are significant determinants of the way in which information is valued, the inclusion of this element into the framework for thinking in this area might add considerably to our ability to prescribe appropriate managerial processes as well as to our understanding of differences in the outcomes of decision processes. This empirical study suggests that organizational process type does have a significant effect on the determination of information value in the context of two generic process types (individual, group) that were evaluated in a strategic decisionmaking context.
Notch signalling limits angiogenic cell behaviour in developing zebrafish arteries

Recent evidence indicates that growing blood-vessel sprouts consist of endothelial cells with distinct cell fates and behaviours; however, it is not clear what signals determine these sprout cell characteristics. Here we show that Notch signalling is necessary to restrict angiogenic cell behaviour to tip cells in developing segmental arteries in the zebrafish embryo. In the absence of the Notch signalling component Rbpsuh (recombining binding protein suppressor of hairless) we observed excessive sprouting of segmental arteries, whereas Notch activation suppresses angiogenesis. Through mosaic analysis we find that cells lacking Rbpsuh preferentially localize to the terminal position in developing sprouts. In contrast, cells in which Notch signalling has been activated are excluded from the tip-cell position. In vivo time-lapse analysis reveals that endothelial tip cells undergo a stereotypical pattern of proliferation and migration during sprouting. In the absence of Notch, nearly all sprouting endothelial cells exhibit tip-cell behaviour, leading to excessive numbers of cells within segmental arteries. Furthermore, we find that flt4 (fms-related tyrosine kinase 4, also called vegfr3) is expressed in segmental artery tip cells and becomes ectopically expressed throughout the sprout in the absence of Notch. Loss of flt4 can partially restore normal endothelial cell number in Rbpsuh-deficient segmental arteries. Finally, loss of the Notch ligand dll4 (delta-like 4) also leads to an increased number of endothelial cells within segmental arteries. Together, these studies indicate that proper specification of cell identity, position and behaviour in a developing blood-vessel sprout is required for normal angiogenesis, and implicate the Notch signalling pathway in this process.
Regular analgesic use and risk of multiple myeloma

Abstract Analgesic use has been implicated in the chemoprevention of a number of solid tumors, but to date no previous research has focused on the role of analgesics in the etiology of multiple myeloma (MM). We conducted a hospital-based case–control study of 117 patients with primary, incident MM and 483 age and residence matched controls without benign or malignant neoplasms. All participants received medical services at Roswell Park Cancer Institute in Buffalo, NY, and completed a comprehensive epidemiological questionnaire. Participants who reported analgesic use at least once a week for at least 6 months were classified as regular users; individuals who did not use analgesics regularly served as the reference group throughout the analyses. We used unconditional logistic regression analyses to compute crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Compared to non-users, regular aspirin users were not at reduced risk of MM (adjusted OR = 0.99; 95% CI 0.65–1.49), nor were participants with the highest frequency or duration of aspirin use. A significant risk elevation was found for participants who were regular acetaminophen users (adjusted OR = 2.95; 95% CI 1.72–5.08). Further, marked increases in risk of MM were noted with both greater frequency (>7 tablets weekly; adjusted OR = 4.36; 95% CI 1.70–11.2) and greater duration (>10 years; adjusted OR = 3.26; 95% CI 1.52–7.02) of acetaminophen use. We observed no evidence of a chemoprotective effect of aspirin on MM risk, but observed significant risk elevations with various measures of acetaminophen use. Our results warrant further investigation in population-based case–control and cohort studies and should be interpreted with caution in light of the limited sample size and biases inherent in hospital-based studies.
DATA ANALYSIS WITHOUT FOURIER TRANSFORMATION FOR SAWTOOTH-TYPE TEMPERATURE-MODULATED DSC

The response of a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) to sawtooth-type temperature modulation has been analyzed in the time domain using a standard treatment of the DSC data without Fourier transformation into the frequency domain. This method has some of the advantages of a temperature-modulated DSC (TMDSC) and may achieve a reasonable accuracy with more transparent and less time-consuming data analysis than the current TMDSC. The limits of linearity and stationarity of the thermal response, a prerequisite for the validity of the calculation of the reversing heat capacity by Fourier transformation, can be easily recognized in standard DSC. In contrast to the common handling of TMDSC, where the non-reversing contributions are calculated as difference between the total and reversing parts, we define a new, directly measured quantity, called the imbalance in heat capacity. It represents the difference between heating and cooling due to the non-reversing thermal process. This quantity is also of value for the representation of irreversible contributions inquasi-isothermal processes, such as cold crystallization and the annealing of crystallites in the melting range.
The Evolution of Breast Implants

Female glandular hypomastia is a frequently encountered entity that occurs either developmentally or by postpartum involution. Historically, women have long sought breast enlargement to improve physical proportions, to foster a more feminine appearance, or to enhance self-image. This article explores the evolution of breast implants.
Is the Internet going NUTSS

For nearly 10 years now, the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) and Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) have been telling us that the pool of available IP addresses will soon be exhausted, and that Internet growth will come to a grinding halt. They have heavily promoted their solution, IPv6, which the commercial world has all but ignored. It is now becoming clear that IP address exhaustion is years off, at best. The primary reason for this is network address translation (NAT), the rogue technology that allows almost unlimited address reuse. Despite NAT's nagging technical problems that limit IP connectivity and make peer-to-peer (P2P) applications difficult to deploy, the commercial world has universally embraced the technology even as the IAB and IETF actively discourage its use.
Evidence for actinlike proteins in an M protein-negative strain of Streptococcus pyogenes.

Abstract Antigens shared between Streptococcus pyogenes and heart tissue may play an important role in autoimmune cardiac injury associated with acute rheumatic fever. Antiheart/antistreptococcal antibodies found in the disease react with antigens of S. pyogenes, including M protein and a 60-kDa antigen distinct from M protein. Heart antigens recognized by these cross-reactive antistreptococcal antibodies include myosin and actin. To investigate the presence of a streptococcal actin, established protocols for the polymerization and isolation of eukaryotic actin were used to extract and concentrate actinlike proteins from M- streptococcal cells. The polymerized bacterial actin from the streptococcal extract was probed in immunoblots with an antiactin monoclonal antibody. Two proteins of about 60 kDa in the polymerized bacterial actin reacted with the antiactin antibody. Proteins in the polymerized bacterial actin extract of about 43 and 60 kDa behaved like eukaryotic actin by binding to myosin and DNase I affinity columns. Filaments were demonstrated by electron microscopy in the polymerized bacterial actinlike extract, which also enhanced the ATPase activity of eukaryotic myosin. The data suggest that proteins resembling actin are present in S. pyogenes.
Combined Inhibition of Autophagy and Caspases Fails to Prevent Developmental Nurse Cell Death in the Drosophila melanogaster Ovary

During the final stages of Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis fifteen nurse cells, sister cells to the oocyte, degenerate as part of normal development. This process involves at least two cell death mechanisms, caspase-dependent cell death and autophagy, as indicated by apoptosis and autophagy markers. In addition, mutations affecting either caspases or autophagy partially reduce nurse cell removal, leaving behind end-stage egg chambers with persisting nurse cell nuclei. To determine whether apoptosis and autophagy work in parallel to degrade and remove these cells as is the case with salivary glands during pupariation, we generated mutants doubly affecting caspases and autophagy. We found no significant increase in either the number of late stage egg chambers containing persisting nuclei or in the number of persisting nuclei per egg chamber in the double mutants compared to single mutants. These findings suggest that there is another cell death mechanism functioning in the ovary to remove all nurse cell remnants from late stage egg chambers.
An efficient chemical approach to bispecific antibodies and antibodies of high valency.

Abstract Irreversible chemical programming of monoclonal aldolase antibody (mAb) 38C2 has been accomplished with β-lactam equipped mono- and bifunctional targeting modules, including a cyclic-RGD peptide linked to either the peptide ( d -Lys 6 )-LHRH or another cyclic RGD unit and a small-molecule integrin inhibitor SCS-873 conjugated to ( d -Lys 6 )LHRH. We also prepared monofunctional targeting modules containing either cyclic RGD or ( d -Lys 6 )-LHRH peptides. Binding of the chemically programmed antibodies to integrin receptors α(v)β(3) and α(v)β(5) and to the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone receptor were evaluated. The bifunctional and bivalent c-RGD/LHRH and SCS-783/LHRH, the monofunctional and tetravalent c-RGD/c-RGD, and the monofunctional bivalent c-RGD chemically programmed antibodies bound specifically to the isolated integrin receptor proteins as well as to integrins expressed on human melanoma M-21 cells. c-RGD/LHRH, SCS-783/LHRH, and LHRH chemically programmed antibodies bound specifically to the LHRH receptors expressed on human ovarian cancer cells. This approach provides an efficient, versatile, and economically viable route to high-valency therapeutic antibodies that target defined combinations of specific receptors. Additionally, this approach should be applicable to chemically programmed vaccines.
Soil nutrients and water availability interact to influence willow growth and chemistry but not leaf beetle performance

We investigated the effects of soil nutrient and water availability on the growth and chemistry of the silky willow ( Salix sericea Marshall), and on the performance of the imported willow leaf beetle ( Plagiodera versicolora Laichartig). Our major aims were to determine whether there are nutrient‐water interactions on plant traits and whether this leads to parallel interactions for herbivore performance. We used a 2 × 3 fully factorial design, which consisted of high and low nutrient treatments crossed with dry, field capacity, and flooded water treatments. We found that nutrient additions increased plant growth, but only in field capacity and flooded conditions (nutrient‐water interaction). Leaf nitrogen content also depended on the interaction between soil nutrients and water: nutrient addition resulted in a larger increase in foliar nitrogen in the field capacity treatment than in the flooded and dry treatments. Of the two phenolic glycosides measured, salicortin and 2 ′ -cinnamoylsalicortin, only one was affected by the treatments. 2 ′ -cinnamoylsalicortin concentration was lower in the high nutrient‐dry treatment compared with the other treatments. In contrast to plant responses, there were no interactions found for larval or pupal weight or development time. Nutrient addition led to an increase in female pupal weight, and foliar N was positively correlated with female pupal weight and negatively correlated with female development time. In addition, leaf water was positively correlated with female development time. The lack of interactions for insect performance may stem from the small absolute differences in foliar nitrogen content associated with the interaction between the nutrients and water. Taken together, our results suggest that nutrient‐water interactions influence plant traits that are potentially important for insect performance (leaf nitrogen and water), but these interactions do not produce parallel interactions in beetle performance.
Educational Climate in Elective Adult education: Shared Decision Making and Communication Patterns

Educational climate represents the social and contextual qualities of an organization as perceived by the participants. The theoretical construct of educational climate encompasses a range of variables which have been categorized as ecology, milieu, social system, and culture (Tigiuri, 1968). These categories are similar to the elements of the andragogical process described by Knowles (1984). In this research, the theoretical climate category of social system emerged as influential in an ethnographic study of an elective university program. Findings revealed that shared decision making and communication patterns were instrumental in the quality of the adult learning experience.
How Many Interviews Are Enough?: An Experiment with Data Saturation and Variability

Guidelines for determining nonprobabilistic sample sizes are virtually nonexistent. Purposive samples are the most commonly used form of nonprobabilistic sampling, and their size typically relies on the concept of “saturation,” or the point at which no new information or themes are observed in the data. Although the idea of saturation is helpful at the conceptual level, it provides little practical guidance for estimating sample sizes, prior to data collection, necessary for conducting quality research. Using data from a study involving sixty in-depth interviews with women in two West African countries, the authors systematically document the degree of data saturation and variability over the course of thematic analysis. They operationalize saturation and make evidence-based recommendations regarding nonprobabilistic sample sizes for interviews. Based on the data set, they found that saturation occurred within the first twelve interviews, although basic elements for metathemes were present as early as six...
An evaluation of recollection and familiarity in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment using receiver operating characteristics.

There is a need to investigate exactly how memory breaks down in the course of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Examining what aspects of memorial processing remain relatively intact early in the disease process will allow us to develop behavioral interventions and possible drug therapies focused on these intact processes. Several recent studies have worked to understand the processes of recollection and familiarity in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and very mild AD. Although there is general agreement that these patient groups are relatively unable to use recollection to support veridical recognition decisions, there has been some question as to how well these patients can use familiarity. The current study used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and a depth of processing manipulation to understand the effect of MCI and AD on the estimates of recollection and familiarity. Results showed that patients with MCI and AD were impaired in both recollection and familiarity, regardless of the depth of encoding. These results are discussed in relation to disease pathology and in the context of recent conflicting evidence as to whether familiarity remains intact in patients with MCI. The authors highlight differences in stimuli type and task difficulty as possibly modulating the ability of these patients to successfully use familiarity in support of memorial decisions.
The impact of information technology on coordination costs: implications for firm productivity

Most information systems (IS) research has examined the impact of information technology (IT) on the organization of economic activities based on the theoretical speculation that IT reduces coordination costs and improves coordination of economic activities. This theoretical speculation, however, has not been empirically analyzed in the IS field. The value derived from IT that reduces coordination costs has also not been considered in the studies on IT productivity gains. This study empirically examines the relationship between IT and coordination costs and the relationship between IT and firm productivity, considering coordination as a factor of production. The results indicate that IT is strongly associated with a decline in coordination costs and that IT and coordination make a substantial and statistically significant contribution to firm output. Based on the results, the conclusion reached is that IT contributes to firm output by reducing coordination costs and improving coordination; that, is making a higher level of coordination more efficient.
Monitoring Army radio-communications networks at high altitude.

2 experiments were conducted to determine the effects of high altitude atmospheres on the performance of a simulated Army radio-communication task. Ss monitored 2-hr. tapes of simulated radio traffic at 4 different altitudes (sea level, 13,000 ft., 15,000 ft., and 17,000 ft.). The results of Exp. I indicated a significant drop in performance above 13,000 ft. altitude. However, Exp. II, using highly motivated, radio-trained Ss showed no performance decrements up to 17,000 ft. The data suggest that high motivation and training can compensate for altitude stress on monitoring tasks of relatively short duration.
Polyisoprenyl glycolipids as targets of CD1-mediated T cell responses.

T cells are well known to recognize peptide antigens presented by major histocompatibility (MHC) class I or class II molecules. More recently, the CD1 family of antigen-presenting molecules has been shown to present both mammalian and microbial glycolipid antigens for specific recognition by T cells. Human CD1c proteins mediate T cell recognition of polyisoprenyl glycolipids, evolutionarily conserved phosphoglycolipids, which function in glycan synthesis pathways. This family of antigenic molecules is particularly attractive for the study of the molecular features that control T cell recognition of self and foreign glycolipids because natural polyisoprenols from mammals, fungi, protozoa, mycobacteria and eubacteria differ in structure. Moreover, these naturally occurring structural differences can influence their recognition by CD1c-restricted T cells. This review of the structural diversity and evolutionary relationships of polyisoprenoid glycolipids emphasizes those features of polyisoprenyl glycolipid biosynthesis that are relevant to their functions as targets of CD1-mediated T cell responses.
Sparse transformations and preconditioners for hierarchical 3-D capacitance extraction with multiple dielectrics

Capacitance extraction is an important problem that has been extensively studied. This paper presents a significant improvement for the fast multipole accelerated boundary element method. We first introduce an algebraic transformation to convert the n x n dense capacitance coefficient matrix into a sparse matrix with O(n) nonzero entries. We then use incomplete Cholesky factorization or incomplete LU factorization to produce an effective preconditioner for the sparse linear system. Simulation results show that our algorithm drastically reduces the number of iterations needed to solve the linear system associated with the boundary element method. For the k x k bus crossing benchmark, our algorithm uses 3-4 iterations, compared to 10-20 iterations used by the previous algorithms such as FastCap [1] and HiCap [2]. As a result, our algorithm is 2-20 times faster than those algorithms. Our algorithm is also superior to the multi-scale method [3] because our preconditioner reduces the number of iterations further and applies to multiple dielectrics.
Urate-Lowering Therapy for Gout: Focus on Febuxostat

Gout is a common, painful, and often debilitating rheumatologic disorder that remains one of the few arthritic conditions that can be diagnosed with certainty and cured with appropriate therapy. Allopurinol is the most frequently prescribed agent for gout in the United States. Unfortunately, most patients treated with allopurinol do not achieve target serum uric acid (sUA) levels, possibly due to a perceived intolerability to allopurinol in doses above 300 mg and the need for reduced doses in patients with renal insufficiency. Febuxostat, an orally administered, nonpurine inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, was recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug administration for chronic management of hyperuricemia in patients with gout. Patients treated with febuxostat achieve rapid and substantial reductions in sUA levels. Compared with allopurinol-treated patients, patients receiving febuxostat 80 mg/day were more likely to achieve sUA concentrations less than 6 mg/dl. In long-term studies (up to 5 yrs), febuxostat demonstrated sustained reductions in sUA levels, nearly complete elimination of gout flares, and a frequency of adverse effects comparable to allopurinol. The most commonly reported adverse effects were liver function abnormalities, rash, nausea, and arthralgias. The recommended starting dose of febuxostat is 40 mg/day, which may be increased to 80 mg/day after 2 weeks if patients do not achieve sUA levels less than 6 mg/dl. Dosage adjustment in mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency is unnecessary; however, data are lacking on the safety of febuxostat in patients with severe renal impairment. Although more costly than allopurinol, febuxostat appears to be an acceptable alternative for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia, and may be advantageous in patients with renal impairment, intolerance to allopurinol, or the inability to attain sUA levels less than 6 mg/dl despite adequate therapy with available agents.
Creating a vision of creativity: The first 25 years.

This article describes three stages of my attempts to understand, measure, and develop creative thinking. The first stage explored creative intelligence. The second investigated a theory of creativity, the investment theory. The third proposed a theory of creative leadership. Together, these three stages comprise the development of my thought on creativity—its nature, measurement, and development. For roughly 25 years, I have been trying to understand creativity and its various aspects. Because this article is based on an Amer- ican Psychological Association (APA) Division 10 Arnheim Award address for career achievement studying creativity, this seems like a good time to review what I think I have learned in 25 years. My goal has been to create some kind of vision of creativity: What is it, how can it be measured, how can it be developed? Over the course of the years, my attempts to understand creativity have gone roughly through three stages. The stages have not been wholly sequential. Sometimes I would proceed to a next stage, only later to go back to an earlier one. My goal always has been to broaden and deepen my, and, I hope, others' understanding of creativity. What has changed over the years are not the "answers." I have not found anything earlier that I later retracted or ceased to believe. Rather, what have changed are the questions. As time has gone on, the questions that have seemed important to ask have changed as my research interests have developed.
Wnt10b Gain-of-Function Improves Cardiac Repair by Arteriole Formation and Attenuation of Fibrosis

Rationale: Myocardial infarction causes irreversible tissue damage, leading to heart failure (HF). We recently discovered that canonical Wnt signaling and the Wnt10b ligand are strongly induced in mouse hearts after infarction. Wnt10b regulates cell fate in various organs, but its role in the heart is unknown. Objective: To investigate the effect of Wnt10b gain-of-function on cardiac repair mechanisms and assess its potential to improve ventricular function after injury. Methods and Results: Histological and molecular analyses showed that Wnt10b is expressed in cardiomyocytes and localized in the intercalated discs of mouse and human hearts. After coronary artery ligation or cryoinjury in mice, Wnt10b is strongly and transiently induced in peri-infarct area cardiomyocytes during granulation tissue formation. To determine the effect of Wnt10b on neovascularization and fibrosis, we generated a mouse line to increase endogenous Wnt10b levels in cardiomyocytes. We found that gain of Wnt10b function orchestrated a recovery phenotype characterized by robust neovascularization of the injury zone, less myofibroblasts, reduced scar size, and improved ventricular function compared to wild-type mice. Wnt10b stimulated expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (Vegfr-2) in endothelial cells and Angiopoietin-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells through NF-κB activation. These effects coordinated endothelial growth and smooth muscle cell recruitment, promoting robust formation of large, coronary-like blood vessels. Conclusions: Wnt10b gain-of-function coordinates arterial formation and attenuates fibrosis in cardiac tissue after injury. Because generation of mature blood vessels is necessary for efficient perfusion, our findings could lead to novel strategies to optimize the inherent repair capacity of the heart and prevent the onset of HF.
Impact of Row Spacing and Planting Date on the Canopy Environment, Abundance of Lesser Cornstalk Borer and Other Arthropods, and Incidence of Aflatoxigenic Fungi in Peanuts

Abstract Three row spacings and two planting dates for peanuts, Arachis hypogaea L., were examined in 1993 and 1994 to determine the influence of the canopy environment on lesser cornstalk borer, Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), other arthropods, and alflatoxigenic fungi. Climatically, 1993 and 1994 were disparate years. Decreasing row spacing increased relative leaf area and light interception by the canopy but, compared to difference between planting dates or years, had a relatively small impact on soil temperatures and relative humidity within the canopy. Late planting produced smaller plants, retarded canopy development, and reduced yield in both years, but especially in 1993 when it was hot and dry. The wide row spacing did not yield as well as twin and normal row spacings in either year. Lesser cornstalk borer damage and aflatoxin concentration were higher in the late planting than in the early planting of 1993, but were unaffected by row spacing. Fewer predatory arthropod...
Accelerating collaborative filtering using concepts from high performance computing

In this paper we accelerate the Alternating Least Squares (ALS) algorithm used for generating product recommendations on the basis of implicit feedback datasets. We approach the algorithm with concepts proven to be successful in High Performance Computing. This includes the formulation of the algorithm as a mix of cache-optimized algorithm-specific kernels and standard BLAS routines, acceleration via graphics processing units (GPUs), use of parallel batched kernels, and autotuning to identify performance winners. For benchmark datasets, the multi-threaded CPU implementation we propose achieves more than a 10 times speedup over the implementations available in the GraphLab and Spark MLlib software packages. For the GPU implementation, the parameters of an algorithm-specific kernel were optimized using a comprehensive autotuning sweep. This results in an additional 2 times speedup over our CPU implementation.
Insulten couperen via neus of anus

Vraagstelling De eerste keuze bij behandeling van een insult of status epilepticus is vooralsnog diazepam middels rectiole (DZP-r). Een veel eleganter en praktischer methode lijkt midazolam middels neusspray (MDZ-n). De vraag is derhalve of MDZ-n net zo effectief en veilig is als DZP-r bij het couperen van een insult of status epilepticus.
'A Contradiction in Terms': Crimes of Contempt at the International Criminal Court and the Case Against Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo's Legal Representatives

Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo and his counsel are currently detained at The Hague, awaiting trial for alleged attempts to bribe witnesses and submit falsified evidence. This article utilizes those proceedings as a starting point for a broader discussion of criminal contempt proceedings brought by the Office of the Prosecutor pursuant to Article 70 of the Rome Statute. Article 70 vests the OTP with exclusive discretion to instigate such proceedings, despite having an apparent conflict in every case brought against an attorney, whether a member of the OTP or opposing counsel. By vesting the OTP while such discretion, Article 70 also limits sanctioning options afforded to Chambers. Given these concerns, this article suggests that other alternatives, such as state referrals and disciplinary proceedings, should be employed in favor of Article 70 prosecutions. In the instant case and others where Article 70 is utilized, an independent counsel should be engaged at every step of the proceedings.
Social Interaction Assistant: A Person-Centered Approach to Enrich Social Interactions for Individuals With Visual Impairments

Social interaction is a central component of human experience. The ability to interact with others and communicate effectively within an interactive context is a fundamental necessity for professional success as well as personal fulfillment. Individuals with visual impairment face significant challenges in social communication, which if unmitigated, may lead to lifelong needs for extensive social and economic support. Unfortunately, today’s multimedia technologies largely cater to the needs of the “able” population, resulting in solutions that mostly meet the needs of that community. Individuals with disabilities (such as visual impairment) have largely been absent in the design process, and have to adapt themselves (often unsuccessfully) to available solutions. In this paper, we propose a social interaction assistant for individuals who are blind or visually impaired, incorporating novel contributions in: 1) person recognition through batch mode active learning; 2) reliable multimodal person recognition through the conformal predictions framework; and 3) facial expression recognition through topic models. Moreover, individuals with visual impairments often have specific requirements that necessitate a personalized, adaptive approach to multimedia computing. To address this challenge, our proposed solutions place emphasis on understanding the individual user’s needs, expectations and adaptations toward designing, and developing and deploying effective multimedia solutions. Our empirical results demonstrate the significant potential in using person centered multimedia solutions to enrich the lives of individuals with disabilities.
Development of research on high-temperature resistance thermosetting resin adhesives

The research present state and the development trend of high-temperature resistance thermosetting resin adhesives were summarized. A few excellent properties on high-temperature resistance thermosetting resin adhesives were introduced,the modified methods and main ways for enhancing the properties of high-temperature resistance adhesives were also described. The application of the new type filler in thermosetting resins was reviewed. Finally,the tendency of high-temperature resistance thermosetting resin adhesives will be developed.
Exercise blood pressure response and left ventricular hypertrophy.

Although hypertension is the major cause of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), numerous studies failed to demonstrate a close correlation between resting blood pressure (BP) and degree of LVH. Some authors have shown better correlation between BP at work and left ventricular mass (LV mass), whereas other studies supported an association between catecholamines or angiotensin II and LV mass. In this study we investigated the relationship of resting and exercise BP and catecholamines to the degree of LVH. Nineteen patients with established mild to moderate hypertension were studied. Blood pressure was measured following a ten-minute rest and every three minutes during exercise using a Bruce protocol. Electrolytes, epinephrine (EP), and norepinephrine (NE) were measured at rest, at peak exercise, and at ten-minutes postexercise. Resting BP averaged 154 +/- 24/99 +/- 9 mm Hg and at three minutes of exercise 195 +/- 30/101 +/- 6 (P less than .001). Resting EP was 51 +/- 20 pg/mL, NE 314 +/- 187, and at peak exercise EP was 107 +/- 61 (P less than .001) and NE 1016 +/- 566 (P less than .001). The average LV mass was 277 +/- 85 g. A significant correlation was found only between systolic BP at three minutes of exercise and LV mass (r = .479, P less than .04). No other variable correlated significantly with LV mass. These data suggest that systolic BP achieved at low level of exercise (5 mets), corresponding to usual daily activities, may be the most important determinant of LVH in patients with hypertension.
Laser welding of pedicled flap skin tubes

AbstractThe efficacy of the carbon dioxide laser used at high power levels for tissue destruction is well established. This laser at lower power levels has been used to incise and anastomose blood vessels, tendons, nerves, dura, bowel, fallopian tube, vasa deferentia, ureters and skin. Laser welding is faster, reduces surgical manipulation and introduces less foreign material into the wound than conventional suturing techniques.We tested the feasibility of laser welding of pedicled flap skin tubes to determine if there is a potential application in reconstruction, particularly for hypospadias repair.
Projected Changes in Heat Extremes and Associated Synoptic- and Mesoscale Conditions over the Northwest United States

AbstractA number of studies have suggested that heat waves will increase in frequency, intensity, and duration under anthropogenic global warming. However, changes to heat extremes and temperature distributions in general are less understood in regions of complex terrain and substantial land–water contrasts. Such surface variations are important in the northwest United States, where synoptic- and mesoscale circulations interact with local topography and land–water interfaces to produce heat waves that have substantial impacts on fire weather, air quality, wind energy, and the population in general. Thus it is crucial to identify how the synoptic- and mesoscale circulations that drive such local extremes will change in a warming world.This paper analyzes changes to the conditions associated with heat extremes over the northwest United States by utilizing global and regional climate models. A maximum in 700-hPa warming is projected over the northwest United States and southwest Canada, with low-level warmin...
Quantitative Prediction of Stone Fragility From Routine Dual Energy CT: Ex vivo proof of Feasibility.

Rationale and Objectives Previous studies have demonstrated a qualitative relationship between stone fragility and internal stone morphology. The goal of this study was to quantify morphologic features from dual-energy computed tomography (CT) images and assess their relationship to stone fragility. Materials and Methods Thirty-three calcified urinary stones were scanned with micro-CT. Next, they were placed within torso-shaped water phantoms and scanned with the dual-energy CT stone composition protocol in routine use at our institution. Mixed low- and high-energy images were used to measure volume, surface roughness, and 12 metrics describing internal morphology for each stone. The ratios of low- to high-energy CT numbers were also measured. Subsequent to imaging, stone fragility was measured by disintegrating each stone in a controlled ex vivo experiment using an ultrasonic lithotripter and recording the time to comminution. A multivariable linear regression model was developed to predict time to comminution. Results The average stone volume was 300 mm 3 (range: 134–674 mm 3 ). The average comminution time measured ex vivo was 32 seconds (range: 7–115 seconds). Stone volume, dual-energy CT number ratio, and surface roughness were found to have the best combined predictive ability to estimate comminution time (adjusted R 2 = 0.58). The predictive ability of mixed dual-energy CT images, without use of the dual-energy CT number ratio, to estimate comminution time was slightly inferior, with an adjusted R 2 of 0.54. Conclusions Dual-energy CT number ratios, volume, and morphologic metrics may provide a method for predicting stone fragility, as measured by time to comminution from ultrasonic lithotripsy.
The State of Whole-Genome Sequencing

Abstract Over the last decade, a technological paradigm shift has slashed the cost of DNA sequencing by over five orders of magnitude. Today, the cost of sequencing a human genome is a few thousand dollars, and it continues to fall. Here, we review the most cost-effective platforms for whole-genome sequencing (WGS) as well as emerging technologies that may displace or complement these. We also discuss the practical challenges of generating and analyzing WGS data, and how WGS has unlocked new strategies for discovering genes and variants underlying both rare and common human diseases.
Impact of nonideaton states on youth suicide attempts

Background Youth nonideation suicidality (NIS), distinct from impulsive deliberate-self harm (DSH), is a potential consequence of adjustment disorder (AD) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) adverse reaction. It is characterized by the absence of transient or enduring ideation. A new measure was constructed to evaluate the impact of NIS on attempt rates. Methods Youth 8 to 24-years-old were recruited in this case control study. Entry criteria included DSH ( n = 50), AD ( n = 91), and SSRI ( n = 29) emergent events with overt or suspected NIS, worsening of existing or new onset suicidality, or abrupt mental status or behavioral change. Exclusion criteria included sensorimotor deficit or primary depressive disorder. Ratings from the new measure utilized dichotomous as well as outcome scores, and compared to ratings from other validated scales, after controlling for depression and other matched factors. Results High risk AD and SSRI groups presented with abrupt onset, high lethality attempt, intense motor restlessness, great intra-psychic distress, and irresistable suicidality. AD symptoms overlapped with SSRI presentations. Eighty-one percent of the AD sample reported no ideation; however, 96% made an attempt. For the SSRI group, 52% reported no ideation; however, 95% made an attempt. Sensitivity 80.3%, specificity 98.1%. Internal consistency 0.75 to 0.92. Test-retest scores 0.78 to 0.98, and neurodiagnostic correlations 0.70 to 0.98. Some scores correlated significantly with the “gold standard” Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale. Conclusion NIS is associated with alarmingly high rates of youth suicide attempt. The new neuropsychological measure demonstrates practical screening value in unobvious NIS proposed to represent a heretofore unrecognized neural mechanism.
Single-photon time-dependent spectra in quantum optomechanics

We consider how a single photon can probe the quantum nature of a moving mirror in the context of quantum optomechanics. In particular, we demonstrate how the single-photon spectrum reveals resonances that depend on how many phonons are created as well as on the strength of the mirror-photon interaction. A dressed-state picture is used to explain positions and relative strengths of those resonances. The time-dependent spectrum shows how the resonances are built up over time by the photon interacting with the moving mirror.
Adaptive natural-language targeting for student feedback

In tutoring software, targeting feedback to students' natural-language inputs is a promising avenue for making the software more effective. As a case study, we built such a system using Natural Language Processing (NLP) to provide adaptive feedback to students in an online learning task. We found that the NLP targeting mechanism, relative to more traditional multiple-choice targeting, was able to provide optimal feedback from fewer student interactions and generalize to previously unseen prompts.