cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Politics in medias res: power that precedes and exceeds in Foucault and Burke:

Foucault famously claimed that in political theory the king’s head still needs to be cut off, proclaiming the imperative to move beyond a centralized and prohibitive conception of power and toward a more distributed, relational and productive understanding of power in political society. Ironically, Edmund Burke, famous for criticizing an actual revolutionary regicide in France, can be read as an ally in Foucault’s project of theoretical regicide and conceptual revolution. For although he staunchly defended existing monarchies in France and Britain, Burke’s political theory in many ways encapsulates the kind of approach that Foucault sought to call forth. In this article, I argue for three particular resonances between Burke’s and Foucault’s views on power’s place and role in political society: one, power precedes subjects; two, power exceeds subjects; and three, subjects must negotiate with existing power relations (as opposed to ignoring or destroying them). Combined, these resonances remind us that poli...
The Legitimacy of Elementary School Counseling: Some Unresolved Issues and Conflicts

The increased expansion of counseling services at the elementary school level has had few critics, for the services are long overdue and desperately needed. Three factors seem to have escaped close scrutiny by most members of the guidance profession. First, all too often the training, preparation, and models of elementary counselors are those originally devised for secondary school pupils and seem grossly inadequate for elementary age children. Second, there is a serious lack of both theory and research at the elementary level and this raises serious questions as to direction and methodology. Third, the problem of role conflict is heightened at the elementary level and raises serious questions regarding the success of guidance policies and programs. It is suggested that only an immediate increase in interest, research and theory by counselor educators can save elementary guidance from falling into the hands of other disciplines or school administrators.
Highly reliable 26nm 64Gb MLC E2NAND (Embedded-ECC & Enhanced-efficiency) flash memory with MSP (Memory Signal Processing) controller

A highly reliable 26nm 64GB MLC E2NAND (E2: Embedded-ECC & Enhanced-efficiency) flash memory has been successfully developed. To overcome scaling challenges, novel integration and operation technologies, such as 2-dummy word-line (WL) scheme, depletion suppressing process, hydrogen reducing process and Virtual Negative Read (VNR) scheme are introduced. And also, Memory Signal Processing (MSP) controller is used for enhancing performance and reliability. Finally, 5K cycling and 1 year data retention can be greatly achieved.
Specific radioprotective effect of the mitochondrial matrix.

THE ability of the cellular contents to protect enzyme molecules from the destructive action of ionizing radiation is now clearly recognized1; but there is little quantitative information concerning the specific radio protection offered by the natural intracellular milieu. Irradiation of whole animals suggests that this natural environment affords a high degree of protection from the indirect effects of aqueous radicals and perhaps from direct effects as well2. The specificity of this protection can be demonstrated by the irradiation and assay of enzymes uniquely associated with organelles within and without their natural cellular environment. For example, diphosphopyridine nucleotide-pyrophosphorylase, an enzyme contained exclusively in the cell nucleus, is many times more resistant to X-rays in isolated nuclei than is an equally active solution free of nuclei3. In the experiments to be reported, glutamic dehydrogenase, an enzyme believed to be confined to the mitochondrial matrix4,5, has been irradiated without and within the intact mitochondrion.
Hepatocyte growth factor in human milk and reproductive tract fluids.

Srivastava MD, Lippes J, Sahai Srivastava BI. Hepatocyte growth factor in human milk and reproductive tract fluids. AJRI 1999; 42:347–354 © Munksgaard, Copenhagen PROBLEM: Despite evidence indicating a role for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in gastrointestinal and reproductive physiology, the concentration and distribution of HGF in human breast milk (BM) and reproductive tract fluids remain unknown. METHOD OF STUDY: Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the HGF concentrations were determined in human oviductal fluid (hOF), follicular fluid (FF), amniotic fluid (AF), seminal plasma (SP), and colostrum/milk samples, and expression of HGF mRNA by milk cells and AF cells were examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: HGF is present at nearly 70-fold normal serum (0.85 ± 0.15 ng/mL) concentration in FF (n = 3; x = 57 ± 16 ng/mL) and AF (n = 17; x = 57 ± 26 ng/mL), and is also present in hOF (n = 3; x = 4.8 ± 2.3 ng/mL) and CVL (n = 8; x = 0.7 ± 1.1 ng/mL) varying throughout the menstrual cycle. HGF is found at 3-times serum concentration in BM (n = 24; x = 2.3 ±1.3 ng/mL) with no significant difference between premature and full term or stage of lactation (colostrum, transitional, mature milk). HGF mRNA was detected in BM cells but not in AF cells. CONCLUSIONS: HGF is present in sufficient amounts to profoundly affect gastrointestinal maturation in the fetus via swallowed AF and neonate via BM, and helps to explain the increased rate of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in infants of premature rupture of membrane (PROM)-complicated pregnancies, and the decreased rate in breast fed neonates. HGF in FF may be necessary for the development and maturation of the oocyte. HGF in hOF, SP, and cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) is likely to enhances epithelial cell integrity and the mucosal barrier. Thus, HGF is widely available in the reproductive tract with functions that remain to be fully elucidated.
The Science and Practice of Team Development: Improving the Link

Qualitative and quantitative data from team development practitioners were used to examine the link between the science and the practice of team development. Differences between academic and full-t...
The rotation of Mars

A new model of the rotation of Mars is presented that is designed to support the analysis of radio metric data from the Viking landers and possible future Mars-lander missions. The precession and nutation are represented by series that include all terms causing a maximum Mars surface displacement of at least 1 cm after 10 years. The precession rate is estimated from Mars physical constants to be (7.58 in. + or - 0.03 in.)/yr based on Reasenberg's (1977) model of the mass distribution of Mars. Some geophysical effects that may cause Mars surface displacements larger than 1-cm criterion are also discussed.
Association between positive affect and attentional shifting

This investigation tested the hypothesis that individuals low in positive affect are slower to shift attention from one focus to another. Ninety-six participants completed a self-report mood questionnaire and a standard attentional orienting task. Results indicated a significant correlation between cue validity effects and self-reported positive affect, such that individuals low in positive affect were relatively faster to respond to validly-cued targets and slower to respond to invalidly-cued targets, compared to individuals high in positive affect. Negative affect, psychometrically separated from positive affect by a principal components analysis, was unrelated to attentional orienting but was correlated with generalized alerting effects of cues. The main results are interpreted as supporting decreased cognitive flexibility in states of low positive affect.
Shatter: efficient symmetry-breaking for Boolean satisfiability

Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solvers have experienced dramatic improvements in their performance and scalability over the last several years according to E. Goldberg et al. (2002) and are now routinely used in diverse EDA applications. Nevertheless, a number of practical SAT instances remain difficult to solve in SAT 2002 Competition (http://www.satlive.org/SATCompetition/submittedbenchs.html) and continue to defy even the best available SAT solvers according to E. Goldberg et al. (2002). Recent work pointed out that symmetries in the Boolean search space are often to blame. A theoretical framework for detecting and breaking such symmetries was introduced in J. Crawford et al. (1996). This framework was subsequently extended, refined, and empirically shown to yield significant speed-ups for a large number of benchmark classes in F. Aloul et al. (2002). Symmetries in the search space are broken by adding appropriate symmetry-breaking predicates (SBPs) to a SAT instance in conjunctive normal form (CNF). The SBPs prune the search space by acting as a filter that confines the search to nonsymmetric regions of the space without affecting the satisfiability of the CNF formula. For symmetry breaking to be effective in practice, the computational overhead of generating and manipulating the SBPs must be significantly less than the run time savings they yield due to search space pruning. In this paper, we present several new constructions of SBPs that improve on previous work. Specifically, we give a linear-sized CNF formula that selects lex-leaders (among others) for single permutations. We also show how that formula can be simplified by taking advantage of the sparsity of permutations. We test these improvements against earlier constructions and show that they yield smaller SNPs and lead to run time reductions on many benchmarks.
Inversion of inductive electromagnetic data in highly conductive terrains

Despite the increasing use of controlled-source frequency-domain EM data to characterize shallow subsurface structures, relatively few inversion algorithms have been widely applied to data from real-world settings, particularly in high-conductivity terrains. In this study, we develop robust and convergent regularized, least-squares inversion algorithms based on both linear and nonlinear formulations of mutual dipole induction for the forward problem. A modified version of the discrepancy principle based on a priori information is implemented to select optimal smoothing parameters that simultaneously guarantee the stability and best-fit criteria. To investigate the problems of resolution and equivalence, we consider typical layered-earth models in one and two dimensions using both synthetic and observed data. Synthetic examples show that inversions based on the nonlinear forward model more accurately resolve subsurface structure, and that inversions based on the linear forward model tend to drastically underpredict high conductivities at depth. Inversions of actual field data from well-characterized sites (e.g., National Geotechnical Experimentation Site; sand-dominated coastal aquifer in the Georgia Bight) are used to test the applicability of the model to terrains with different characteristic conductivity structure. A comparison of our inversion results with existing cone-penetrometer and downhole-conductivity data from these field sites demonstrates the ability of the inversions to constrain conductivity variations in practical applications.
A novel effective surface impedance formulation for efficient broadband modeling of lossy thick strip conductors

A novel effective surface impedance is proposed for accurate modeling of the frequency-dependence of field penetration inside thick strip conductors. The proposed effective surface impedance is obtained through the rigorous modeling of the frequency-dependent cross-sectional field distribution in the interior of the lossy conductor, and is a function of both frequency and position along the perimeter of the cross section of the conductor. Availability of such an effective surface impedance enables the use of a surface integral equation formulation for the electromagnetic analysis of on-chip interconnects and integrated passives structures. Such formulations are much more efficient than volumetric ones without sacrificing accuracy in the modeling of the impact of conductor internal impedance and skin effect loss on the electromagnetic response. The validity of the proposed model is demonstrated through comparisons with measured scattering parameters for on-chip interconnect structures.
Computed tomography coronary angiographic demonstration of a single coronary artery with the right coronary artery arising as a continuation from the left circumflex coronary artery.

We present the case of a 31-year-old man undergoing a chest pain evaluation. This report illustrates how 64-slice computed tomographic coronary angiography (CTCA) can aid in the management of patients with equivocal stress test results. It also describes how CTCA can accurately determine the origin and course of an anomalous coronary artery. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Predicting Fatal Assault Among the Elderly Using the National Incident-Based Reporting System Crime Data

The elderly are a group susceptible to violent crime and injury because of their increased frailty, heightened fear of crime, and perception of vulnerability by themselves and others. However, limited information on elderly violence is available due to relatively low victimization rates in the United States. A logistic model was developed to predict survival following assault from different demographic and interpersonal factors for the elderly and the general population. Five years of data were obtained from the National Incident-Based Reporting System. Results show the elderly have a higher risk of death from assault than younger age groups and there is evidence of an excessively high risk of fatality in both felony-related and firearm-related assaults for younger and older victims. Assaults involving family/known persons were also associated with a higher fatality risk than incidents involving strangers. Suggestions are made for primary and secondary prevention strategies and issues to consider for future research.
Dynamics of Planar Media

In previous chapters, we studied the equilibrium configurations of planar media — plates and membranes — governed by the two-dimensional Laplace and Poisson equations. In this chapter, we analyze their dynamics, modeled by the two-dimensional heat and wave equations.
Regulation of cell cycle and growth control.

The potential biological effects of electric and/or magnetic fields on cells and tissues must be addressed systematically within a context of perturbations in cell cycle control. Such studies should not be pursued in an isolated manner but as a component of the fundamental relationship between proliferation and differentiation, the multi-step process by which structural and functional properties of specialized cells, tissues, and organs progressively develop. It is necessary to quantitatively establish the influence of electric and magnetic fields on the integrated signalling mechanisms which transduce regulatory information for 1) control of the proliferative process and 2) down-regulation of proliferation associated with the initiation of gene expression that mediates the development and maintenance of phenotypic properties characteristic of differentiated cells. We will present an overview of our current understanding of regulatory mechanisms that control proliferation and cell specialization in normal diploid cells with emphasis on rate limiting steps that may be the basis for biological perturbations by electric and magnetic fields. Addressing such questions in normal diploid cells is essential since the loss of growth control in transformed and tumor cells is accompanied by an abrogation of developmental regulatory mechanisms that are functionally coupled to proliferation. 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Instability and Frontal Breakup in Super-Meniscus Films

Surface tension gradients created by a nonuniform temperature distribution in athin liquid film can force vertical spreading beyond the equilibrium meniscus [1]. Experiments designed to probe the flow behavior of super-meniscus films have shown that the leading edge can either spread uniformly with complete surface coverage or become corrugated and breakupinto long slender rivulets. We show that within linear stability analysis, both the conditions for unstable flow and the most unstable wavelength compare favorably with recent experiments reported in the literature.
Optimization of Wind Turbines Using Helicoidal Vortex Model

The problem of the design of a wind turbine for maximum output is addressed from an aerodynamical point of view. It is shown that the optimum inviscid design, based on the Goldstein model, satisfies the minimum energy condition of Betz only in the limit of light loading. The more general equation governing the optimum is derived and an integral relation is obtained, stating that the optimum solution satisfies the minimum energy condition of Betz in the Trefftz plane in the average. The discretization of the problem is detailed, including the viscous correction based on the 2-D viscous profile data. A constraint is added to account for the thrust on the tower. The minimization problem is solved very efficiently by relaxation. Several optimized solutions are calculated and compared with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) rotor, using the same profile, but different chord and twist distributions. In all cases, the optimization produces a more efficient design.
Cryptocaryols A and B: total syntheses, stereochemical revision, structure elucidation, and structure-activity relationship.

The first total syntheses and structural elucidation of cryptocaryol A and cryptocaryol B were achieved in 23 and 25 linear steps, respectively. The synthesis relied on the use of a key pseudo-Cs symmetric pentaol intermediate, which in a stereochemically divergent manner was converted into either enantiomer as well as diastereomers. This synthetic effort enabled the first structure–activity relationships of this class of PDCD4 stabilizing natural products.
Stable Electron Field Emission from PMMA−CNT Matrices

We have created PMMA-CNT matrices by embedding opened-tip vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (VA-MWCNTs) with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). These PMMA-CNT matrices are excellent electron field emitters with an emission threshold field of 1.675 V/μm, more than 2-fold lower that that of the as-grown sample. In addition, the emission site density from these matrices is high, merely filling up the entire sample surface. Emission stability test at ∼1.35 mA/cm(2) was performed continuously for 40 h with no significant degradation. On the basis of our theoretical simulation and hypothetical modeling, we attribute these performances to the reduced screening effect and fewer Joule heatings due to the shorter effective transport distance of the electrons in MWCNTs.
Advanced vibration diagnostics for engine test cells

Current engine test cell systems were designed to perform a simple vibration amplitude check. If the root mean square (RMS) vibration amplitude falls within specifications under programmed operating conditions with no need for adjustments, then the engine is considered to be ready for installation. Engine test cell vibration analysis techniques are being developed to improve engine reliability and availability while simultaneously reducing life cycle costs. The engine test cell vibration diagnostic system under development provides both real-time and post-test analysis of engine vibration data. The real-time vibration diagnostic system identifies sensor faults before they lead to an incorrect diagnosis and plots key vibration diagnostic features such as tracked orders during the test. Vibration sensor faults are a common cause of test cell ineffectiveness. The post-test vibration diagnostic software allows users to perform detailed examinations of vibration features including multiple engine order tracks and waterfall plots recorded by the real-time module. The post-test software also utilizes advanced feature extraction and analysis techniques (such as half engine orders, harmonics and sidebands) to diagnose incipient mechanical faults. In addition to describing the abovementioned techniques, this paper overviews vibration data transfer methods and design of the graphical user interface (GUI).
Research Note: Field Dependence-Independence and Texture Discrimination in College Non-music Majors

The intent of this study was to investigate the association between field dependence-independence (FDI) and the ability of college non-music majors to discriminate among music textures, and to look for evidence that could help explain such an association. Subject variables included Group Embedded-Figures Test (GEFT) scores, American College Testing Assessment (ACT) scores, years of previous music experience, and gender. The dependent variable was the 20-item Texture Discrimination Test (TDT). Before taking the TDT, subjects participated in a short lesson about common music textures. The GEFT explained a substantial portion (13.7%, p<O0001) of variance in TDT scores not accounted for by other variables. Field dependent (FD) individuals were significantly less accurate than field independent (FI) individuals in identifying homophonic and polyphonic textures. Moreover, FD individuals were more likely than FI individuals to respond "monophonic" to homophonic items and "homophonic" to polyphonic items. No diff...
Iron overload states.

It is increasingly apparent that iron plays an important role in a variety of liver diseases. For some conditions (hemochromatosis, porphyria cutanea tarda) it is clear that reduction of excess iron stores by therapeutic phlebotomy is beneficial. 7,32 In other common hepatic disorders (alcoholic liver disease, chronic hepatitis C, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis), where there may be abnormalities in various serum markers of iron metabolism, 8,14,17 it is not clear whether manipulation of the iron status provides any benefit. This article focuses on new developments in the understanding of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), the use of liver transplantation in the treatment of patients with end-stage liver disease due to hemochromatosis, and the role of mild secondary iron overload in several additional liver diseases.
The acute-phase protein response to infection in edematous and nonedematous protein-energy malnutrition

BACKGROUND Immune structure and function are more compromised in edematous protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) than in nonedematous PEM. Whether the positive acute-phase protein (APP) response to infection is affected remains unknown. OBJECTIVE We assessed whether children with edematous PEM can mount a general APP response and compared the kinetic mechanisms of the response in children with edematous PEM with those in children with nonedematous PEM. DESIGN Plasma C-reactive protein, alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein, alpha(1)-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, and fibrinogen concentrations and the fractional and absolute synthesis rates of alpha(1)-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, and fibrinogen were measured in 14 children with edematous PEM, aged 11.4 +/- 2 mo, and 9 children with nonedematous PEM, aged 10.1 +/- 1.4 mo, at 3 times: approximately 2 d after hospital admission (period 1), when they were malnourished and infected; approximately 8 d after admission (period 2), when they were malnourished but free of infection; and approximately 54 d after admission (period 3), when they had recovered. RESULTS Children with edematous and nonedematous PEM had higher plasma concentrations of 4 of 5 APPs in period 1 than in period 3. The magnitude of the difference in concentration and in the rate of synthesis of the individual APPs was less in the children with edematous PEM than in those with nonedematous PEM. The kinetic data show that the characteristics of the APP response were different in the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that severely malnourished children can mount only a partial APP response to the stress of infection and that the magnitude of this response is less in those with edema.
Central Renin–Angiotensin System Activation and Inflammation Induced by High-Fat Diet Sensitize Angiotensin II–Elicited Hypertension

Obesity has been shown to promote renin-angiotensin system activity and inflammation in the brain and to be accompanied by increased sympathetic activity and blood pressure. Our previous studies demonstrated that administration of a subpressor dose of angiotensin (Ang) II sensitizes subsequent Ang II-elicited hypertension. The present study tested whether high-fat diet (HFD) feeding also sensitizes the Ang II-elicited hypertensive response and whether HFD-induced sensitization is mediated by an increase in renin-angiotensin system activity and inflammatory mechanisms in the brain. HFD did not increase baseline blood pressure, but enhanced the hypertensive response to Ang II compared with a normal-fat diet. The sensitization produced by the HFD was abolished by concomitant central infusions of either a tumor necrosis factor-α synthesis inhibitor, pentoxifylline, an Ang II type 1 receptor blocker, irbesartan, or an inhibitor of microglial activation, minocycline. Furthermore, central pretreatment with tumor necrosis factor-α mimicked the sensitizing action of a central subpressor dose of Ang II, whereas central pentoxifylline or minocycline abolished this Ang II-induced sensitization. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of lamina terminalis tissue indicated that HFD feeding, central tumor necrosis factor-α, or a central subpressor dose of Ang II upregulated mRNA expression of several components of the renin-angiotensin system and proinflammatory cytokines, whereas inhibition of Ang II type 1 receptor and of inflammation reversed these changes. The results suggest that HFD-induced sensitization of Ang II-elicited hypertension is mediated by upregulation of the brain renin-angiotensin system and of central proinflammatory cytokines.
The Nonnuclear Alvin Weinberg

To honor Alvin Weinberg for his role as one of the key architects of the nuclear age, it seems appropriate to include a brief account of his involvement in nonnuclear activities. The time span covered includes two critical periods for energy policy-1973, immediately prior to the oil embargo and 1974 to 1975, the most traumatic years of the period immediately following the embargo. The first period is illustrated by Weinberg's involvement with the Club of Rome and the second period by his service as head of the Energy Research and Development Office of the Federal Energy Administration. His far-sighted views on energy and natural resource policy at that time are contrasted with the perceptions of others who were seeking radical technological and institutional solutions for crises that, in the end, were solved by the interplay of market forces and evolutionary progress in energ supply and conservation, and the use of natural resources.
Uses of miscanthus press juice within a green biorefinery platform.

Abstract This study assesses some uses of nutrient-rich juice mechanically extracted from freshly harvested Miscanthus x giganteus (MxG) as part of a green biorefinery system. The juice was used for culturing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactic acid bacteria. MxG juice was further used as substrate for fermentation to produce lactic acid using Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum . The results show that MxG juice was a highly nutritious source for the cultivation of bacteria. Higher concentrations of MxG juice used as culture media, resulted in higher cell growth both aerobically and anaerobically. The highest ethanol yield of 70% theoretical and concentration of 0.75 g/100 ml were obtained from S. cerevisiae cultivated with 90% (v/v) MxG juice media and used for miscanthus solid fraction fermentation. 11.91 g/L of lactic acid was also successfully produced from MxG juice through SSF.
Semicrystalline Polymers: Chain Conformation and Folding

Since the earliest studies of polymers, it was known that crystals precipitated from solution, or from the melt, formed ‘lamellae’ with lateral dimensions larger than the crystal thickness (~10 2 A). Thus, the molecules traverse the crystal many times and fold back at the surface for both types of material. Similarly, the arrangement of the chains within lamellae has been debated, and various models have been proposed to describe how the molecules fold. This information is available from neutron scattering, in which a fraction of the chains are deuterated, and this article reviews the main findings of such experiments.
Formation of Intermetallic-Ceramic Composites from Nanoreactants in a Self-Sustaining Reaction Regime

Processing of nanoreactant energetic system, Al-TiO2, in the thermal explosion mode of combustion synthesis was investigated. Simultaneous combustion synthesis and densification experiments were carried out in a uniaxial press to obtain homogeneous as well as functionally graded products of the above reactant system. It was demonstrated that TiAl3-Al2O3 composite product synthesized from Al-TiO2 reactant system retained its sub-microstructure despite a short term exposure to higher temperatures. Composite materials with densities of 96–98% of the theoretical densities were obtained. The effect of several key processing parameters such as initial composition of reactants and temperature-pressure conditions on morphology of combustion synthesized product, their phase composition, and residual porosity were investigated. DSC, XRD, SEM, and LIBS analyses were used to characterize both reactants and products.
Kinetics of F- + CH3Cl SN2 Nucleophilic Substitution

Statistical theory is used to calculate the F- + CH3Cl → FCH3 + Cl- rate constant versus relative translational energy Erel and CH3Cl temperature T. The calculations are performed on a potential energy surface derived from MP2 and QCISD(T) ab initio calculations with the 6-311++G(2df,2pd) basis set. At best, statistical theory only qualitatively reproduces the dependence of the experimental rate constant on translational energy and temperature. Using the height of the central barrier with respect to the pre-reaction complex as an adjustable parameter, the experimental rate constant at Erel = 0.9 kcal/mol and T = 296 K may be fit by statistical theory with a central barrier 3 kcal/mol higher than that determined from the QCISD(T) calculation. The calculation of the SN2 rate constant is insensitive to whether the unified statistical model or standard RRKM branching ratio expression is used. Also, including anharmonicity for the F-- - -CH3Cl complex does not affect the calculated rate constant. A comparison ...
Using the IDEA framework in an interprofessional didactic elective course to facilitate positive changes in the roles and responsibility competency

Abstract Interprofessional education (IPE) has become an important component of health professions curricula due to evidence that interprofessional collaborative practice improves health outcomes for patients. To increase opportunities for IPE for learners in our institutions, an IPE elective was developed for students in the schools within Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Xavier University College of Pharmacy in New Orleans, Louisiana. The IDEA framework, a published framework for IPE curriculum development, was utilized to design learning activities. To assess the effect of using the IDEA framework to target the Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) competency related to roles and responsibilities, the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) was administered to students before and after the course. Comparison of the results showed a significant positive difference on items within the roles and responsibilities subscale after participating in the course. Developing the curriculum using the IDEA framework likely contributed to this effect by intentionally providing ample time for interaction and designing learning activities aimed at helping students recognize one another's roles and contributions to health care.
Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsion Stabilization: Review and Unanswered Questions

Emulsions of oil droplets in water but more typically water droplets in oil are common in the production, transportation, and refining of petroleum and related products. Emulsions of water in petroleum or petroleum-derived liquids can be stabilized by a variety of surface-active compounds and components present in petroleum and also with which petroleum comes into contact. These include asphaltenes, carboxylic organic acids of various types, fine inorganic particles, and combinations of these three types of materials. Several of these means of emulsion and thin-film stabilization of emulsions in petroleum–water mixtures are reviewed here, as well as some of the key physical and chemical means of characterizing both the materials that stabilize the emulsions and the means of characterizing the oil–water interface and the emulsion films themselves. Some of the key unanswered questions surrounding the study of emulsion stability in petroleum systems are also reviewed.
Impact of Family Visit on Diet Therapy Compliance of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective To study the impact on the family-call for the patients with type 2 diabetes diet therapy compliance.Methods 100 cases of discharged patients were randomly divided into experimental and control groups,each with 50 cases.After the patient left the hospital,a house-call was carried on in the experimental group.Anymplementation of the control group did not intervene.At the discharge moment and six months after discharge,patients were evaluated in the items of diet compliance and blood glucose of limosis,2 hours postprandial blood glucose,total cholesterol,triglycerides,and weight control situation.Results diet treatment compliance,the diet treat various projects compliance and the blood sugar,the blood ester,the body weight control situation in experimental group surpassed the control group(P0.01 or P0.05).Conclusion Family-call can improve type 2 diabetes patients discharged diet treatment compliance,and effectively control of blood sugar,blood ester and body weight;Education should be strengthened in patients with type 2 diabetes or accurate assessment of weighing food,the use of the exchange of scale food catering arrangements,treatment should focus on specific operational skills diet guidance.
Retrospective Investigation and Analysis of Student Injury in Jinshan District

[Objective]To understand the present situation of student injury in Jinshan district of Shanghai,grasp the characteristics and rules of student injury,analyze the change law of student injury,and provide the scientific basis for improving the reporting and monitoring systems of student injury and making feasible intervention measures.[Methods]1719 students of 6 schools in Jinshan district were surveyed with a questionnaire which was designed according to the Retrospective Investigation Scheme for Student Injury in Shanghai.[Results]In the past year,the total incidence of student injury was 4.94% (85/1719),and that of boys and girls was 6.76% (58/858) and 3.14% (24/861) respectively. The incidence of student injury among senior high school students (9.21%) was the highest,followed by primary school students (5.56%) and junior middle school students (1.12%). According to the times of injuries,the common types of injury were fall down /slip/ trip injury (2.91%),impact/ crush injury (0.93%),traffic accidents (0.41%),smash/hit injury (0.23%) ,knife or sharp instrument injury (0.17%). According to the person times of injury,the common locations of injury were school (87.06%),outside school (35.29%) and home (17.65%).[Conclusion]The student injury in primary and secondary school of this district is serious,which should not be ignored for the negative effects on the students' physical and mental health. It is urgent to take effective measures,such as education and elimination of environmental risk factors,for control of the unintentional injuries among the primary and secondary students.
“Effective regulatory stringency” and firms’ profitability: the effects of effluent limits and government monitoring

The Porter hypothesis asserts that properly designed environmental regulation motivates firms to innovate, which ultimately improves profitability. Specifically, the Porter hypothesis posits that more stringent environmental regulation, i.e., greater regulatory stringency, leads to greater profitability. In contrast, the conventional “costly regulation” hypothesis posits that greater regulatory stringency weakens profitability mostly by driving up abatement costs. This study empirically tests these two hypotheses. Of course, regulatory stringency is difficult to measure. More important, regulatory stringency as codified in legislated acts and promulgated rules does not necessarily reflect regulatory stringency in practice, which we deem as “effective regulatory stringency”. Measurement of “effective regulatory stringency” is even more challenging. With this challenge in mind, we divide “effective regulatory stringency” into its two constituent components—(1) legal requirements and (2) regulatory scrutiny—the latter representing government efforts to ensure compliance with the legal requirements. For our analysis, we examine legal requirements in the form of facility-specific effluent limits and regulatory scrutiny in the form of government monitoring inspections. For our empirical analysis, we analyze the U.S. Clean Water Act under which the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency imposes numeric wastewater discharge limits on permitted facilities and conducts wastewater-related inspections. As its primary contribution, our study separately examines the effects of legal requirements and regulatory scrutiny on firm-level profitability in order to appreciate the influence of “effective regulatory stringency”.
Financial Knowledge and Financial Education of College Students

This chapter describes previous research about college students’ financial knowledge as well as approaches to teach financial information to this population. It reviews previous research in these two areas and concludes with ideas for future research. This chapter highlights some of the issues found with measurements of students’ financial knowledge and recommends that larger samples and oversampling of specific students groups may be the key to overcome some of these issues. This chapter also highlights the lack of consensus on ideal models for financial education and points to this shortcoming as indicative of a need for more research to determine the success and failure of existing financial education programs.
Working for the Common Good: Concepts and Models for Service Learning in Management (Book Summary)

Working for the Common Good: Concepts and Models for Service Learning in Management (2000)by Paul C. Godfrey and Edward T. Grasso (Editors)Publisher: Stylus PublishingPaperback: 222 pagesISBN-13: 9781563770210Price: $29.50
Understanding and Negotiating an Agreement

Negotiations are a fact of life. From the first time you haggled with your mother over finishing the spinach, you have probably negotiated something every day of your life. That does not mean that you are as proficient at it as you might be.
Hybrid Laparoscopic and Endoscopic Techniques: Colon and Rectum

As surgeons expand their laparoscopic skills, endoscopic techniques have become indispensable tools in minimally invasive colorectal surgery. All general and colorectal surgeons must receive training in a certain minimum number of endoscopies, both diagnostic and therapeutic. Although for many this involves only screening colonoscopy for detecting colorectal neoplasms in average risk patients, there are many other potential intraoperative uses as well. In this chapter we will cover the current uses and indications of endoscopy in preventing and managing complications, as well as in diagnosing and treating a variety of colorectal diseases. Some of the techniques covered include hybrid laparoscopy-endoscopy, polypectomy, EMR (endoscopic mucosal resection), ESD (endoscopic submucosal dissection), and endoscopic management of postoperative complications, such as enterocutaneous fistulae, and anastomotic stricture, bleeding, and leak.
Workshop Design for Diversity and Dialogue: Women in STEM Empowered to Engage Across Difference

This chapter describes the planning and implementation of an innovative career development workshop, “Engaging Across Difference,” funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) FORWARD to Professorship program. The workshop created an environment designed to leverage the collective knowledge and experience of the participants themselves, a heterogeneous group of academic women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Drawing on conceptual frameworks in social psychology and organizational diversity, the workshop’s core principle was that awareness of similarities and differences in the STEM academic workplace is a critical skill in charting and accomplishing career success. The chapter summarizes three core elements in the workshop design: (i) small-group structured dialogue—career problem-solving across difference; (ii) critical conversations—managing difficult conversations; and (iii) community and connectivity-mapping networks. To tell the story of the workshop from conception to impact, this chapter includes voices of the planners, facilitators, program consultant, and participants.
Monocultures Versus Polycultures

In evaluating the interactions between organisms, ecologists are often interested in whether the performance of an individual species by itself (in a monoculture) is different from the performance of that species when other species are present (in a polyculture). Experiments comparing the growth, fecundity, or physiological rates of species in monocultures versus polycultures are used to evaluate competitive versus facilitative interactions between species and to examine the degree to which species are partitioning limiting resources. In this article, we briefly present the agricultural roots and history of experiments evaluating monocultures versus polycultures and illustrate how they have been used to evaluate interactions between species. We summarize some of the metrics used to compare the performance of monocultures and polycultures and describe how they are used to evaluate the degree of competition versus complementarity in both agricultural and ecological experiments. We conclude by describing how these techniques have been applied in experiments evaluating the ecosystem-level consequences of changing biodiversity.
Single ionization of molecular iodine

We performed a study of the single ionization of iodine, ${\mathrm{I}}_{2}$ over a range of wavelengths. Single ionization of ${\mathrm{I}}_{2}$ is unexpectedly found to have a contribution from inner molecular orbitals involving the $5s$ electrons. The $\text{I}+{\text{I}}^{+}$ dissociation channel was recorded through velocity map imaging, and the kinetic-energy release of each channel was determined with two-dimensional fitting of the images. Most of the measured kinetic-energy data were inconsistent with ionization to the $X, A$, and $B$ states of ${\mathrm{I}}_{2}{}^{+}$, implying ionization from deeper orbitals. A pump-probe Fourier transform technique was used to look for modulation at the $X$- and $A$-state vibrational frequencies to see if they were intermediate states in a two-step process. $X$- and $A$-state modulation was seen only for kinetic-energy releases below 0.2 eV, consistent with dissociation through the $B$ state. From these results and intensity-, polarization-, and wavelength-dependent experiments we found no evidence of bond softening, electron rescattering, or photon mediation through the $X$ or $A$ states to higher-energy single-ionization channels.
Abstract 505: Diabetic Women are Poor Responders to Exercise Rehabilitation in the Treatment of Claudication

Introduction. It is not clear whether subgroups of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and claudication respond more favorably to exercise rehabilitation than others. We determined whether sex and diabetes were factors associated with the response to exercise rehabilitation in patients with claudication. Hypothesis. Women will experience less improvement in the primary outcome measures of claudication onset time (COT) and peak walking time (PWT), that the presence of diabetes will blunt the improvement in the primary outcomes, and that the effect of diabetes will be greater in women than in men. Methods. Eighty patients were randomized to home-based and supervised exercise programs, and 60 completed with complete exercise intervention data. Exercise consisted of intermittent walking to near maximal claudication pain for 12 weeks. Primary outcome measures included COT and PWT. Patients were partitioned into diabetic and non-diabetic groups, and then further partitioned by sex to form four groups. Results. Overall, exercise adherence was high (84%), and there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the amount of exercise completed among the four groups. All groups had significant improvements (p 0.05). Only 37% of women with diabetes had an increase in COT compared to 100% of men (p Conclusions. Women with PAD and claudication, particularly those with diabetes, represent a vulnerable subgroup of patients who respond poorly to a program of exercise rehabilitation. Diabetic women with PAD and claudication may need greater exercise volume to achieve similar improvements in claudication measures compared to non-diabetic women and to diabetic and non-diabetic men.
Energetics of domain engineered rhombohedral ferroelectric single crystals

Domain engineered rhombohedral relaxor ferroelectric single crystals of PIN-PMN-PT have stable domain structures that increase the piezoelectric constants and reduce dielectric loss, yet modeling the energetics of the domain formation and evolution has proven challenging. In this work a 10th order Landau-Devonshire energy function has been developed that reproduces the dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of PIN-PMN-PT with a composition in the rhombohedral phase near MPB. The coercive field was used to set the saddle points in the energy function governing homogeneous polarization switching. The energy function was implemented in a phase field model to simulate domain wall formation and domain evolution under applied field. The domain wall motion reduces the coercive field in the heterogeneous switching case compared to the homogeneous switching case.
Key frame extraction for salient activity recognition

Surveillance cameras have become big business, with most metropolitan cities spending millions of dollars to watch residents, both from street corners, public transportation hubs, and body cameras on officials. Watching and processing the petabytes of streaming video is a daunting task, making automated and user assisted methods of searching and understanding videos critical to their success. Although numerous techniques have been developed, large scale video classification remains a difficult task due to excessive computational requirements. In this paper, we conduct an in-depth study to investigate effective architectures and semantic features for efficient and accurate solutions to activity recognition. We investigate different color spaces, optical flow, and introduce a novel deep learning fusion architecture for multi-modal inputs. The introduction of key frame extraction, instead of using every frame or a random representation of video data, make our methods computationally tractable. Results further indicate that transforming the image stream into a compressed color space reduces computational requirements with minimal affect on accuracy.