cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preoperative echocardiography as a prognostic tool for liver transplant in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) presents with a hypertrophied left ventricle (LV). It is often associated with LV outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) and a risk for sudden death. This study aimed to describe outcomes of patients with HCM who underwent liver transplant (LT). METHODS A retrospective review was conducted for patients diagnosed with HCM undergoing LT. Patient characteristics, preoperative echocardiography results, HCM risk of sudden cardiac death prediction model score, and 5-year mortality were examined. A univariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the association between risk factors and 5-year mortality. All tests were two-sided with the alpha level set at .05. RESULTS Twenty-nine patients were included in the analysis. Six patients (21%) had a perioperative cardiopulmonary complication. The 5-year survival rate was 61% (95% CI, 45-82). The analyzed risk factors showed that 5-year post-LT survival was significantly predicted by maximal LV outflow tract gradient at rest > 60 mmHg (hazard ratio, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.01-1.06]). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative LV outflow tract resting gradient > 60 mmHg was associated with 5-year post-LT mortality. The results suggest the severity of LVOTO identified by echocardiography is a prognostic tool for patients with HCM after LT.
Bleeding oesophageal and gastric varices: shunts

Bleeding from oesophageal and/or gastric varices is responsible for more deaths than all other causes of gastrointestinal haemorrhage combined. Prospective studies have shown that once bleeding has occurred the patient is almost certain to bleed again and, ultimately, to die unless effective treatment is provided. Variceal bleeding is caused by portal venous hypertension. Clinically important portal hypertension exists when the difference between portal and inferior vena caval pressures (called the corrected portal pressure) exceeds 150 mm saline (11 mmHg). The elevated pressure in the portal venous system is almost always the result of obstruction to portal blood flow, usually within the liver (90–95% of patients), but occasionally at an extrahepatic site (5–10% of patients). The only definitive treatment of portal hypertension and bleeding from gastro-oesophageal varices is decompression of the portal system by a bypass shunt between the portal and systemic circulations.
Proteinuria and Cylindriuria

Normal individuals excrete 100–150 mg (10 mg/dl) total protein in the urine in 24 hr. Electrophoresis of this urinary protein may reveal 40% albumin; 40% renal tissue proteins, consisting largely of Tamm-Horsfall (TH) protein; and 20% immunoglobulins. Such a small amount of protein in normal urine is not ordinarily detectable by the heat test or by the dipstick method, but these methods are quite sensitive and may detect protein in concentrated normal urine. Proteinuria that is so detected should be confirmed by a quantitative protein analysis of 24-hr urine; the types of proteins present can be determined by simple electrophoresis. If there is an electrophoretic monoclonal peak of globulin, immunoelectrophoresis of urine should be performed to determine the types of immunoglobulins present.
IMPACT OF BEAUVERIA BASSIANA ON THE COTTONWOOD BORER, PLECTRODERA SCALATOR (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE), IN A COMMERCIAL COTTONWOOD NURSERY.

A commercial Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin conidial formulation, AGB 6178, was applied as a soil drench against the cottonwood borer, Plectrodera scalator (F.), in a commercial eastern cot...
Elastic Ion Scattering for Composition Analysis

Composition analyses for virtually all of the elements on the periodic table can be performed through a combination of elastic ion-scattering techniques: Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), elastic recoil detection (ERD), and enhanced-cross-section backscattering spectrometry (EBS). This article reviews the basic concepts used in elastic ion scattering for composition analysis and give examples of their use. Elastic ion scattering is also used for structure determination utilizing techniques such as ion channeling. Composition determination using ion-beam analysis (IBA) falls into two categories: composition-depth profiling and determination of the total integrated composition of a thin region. Unknown species in a sample may be identified using elastic ion-scattering techniques, but in general, analyses involving characteristic x rays or γ rays are more accurate for determining the presence of unknown constituents. For elastic ion scattering, if the ion beam and ion energy are chosen to have sufficiently high energy loss in the sample, then a composition profile is determined as a function of depth by collecting one ion-scattering spectrum. To represent accurately the composition profile as a function of depth in the sample, an accurate knowledge of the sample's volume density is required because IBA techniques are insensitive to density. If the density of the sample is unknown, then the depth in the sample is given in terms of an areal density: depth times volume density. When the incident ion beam is very light or the ion energy very high, then the composition as a function of depth may not be resolved fully, in which case the average composition of the layer of interest is determined by integrating the signal. In this way, the number of atoms per unit area (areal density) is determined from the integrated signal. Keywords: elastic ion-scattering techniques; principles; practical aspects; data analysis; initial interpretation; composition analysis; non-Rutherford cross sections; radiation hazards; examples; enhanced cross-section backscattering
Advanced Digital Design with the Verilog HDL

Advanced Digital Design with the Verilog HDL, 2e, is ideal for an advanced course in digital design for seniors and first-year graduate students in electrical engineering, computer engineering, and computer science. This book builds on the student's background from a first course in logic design and focuses on developing, verifying, and synthesizing designs of digital circuits. The Verilog language is introduced in an integrated, but selective manner, only as needed to support design examples (includes appendices for additional language details). It addresses the design of several important circuits used in computer systems, digital signal processing, image processing, and other applications.
Relationship Between Spectral Data from an Aerial Image and Soil Organic Matter and Phosphorus Levels

Early ventures into site-specific management involved fertilizer management decisions based on soil chemical properties characterized by some form of grid sampling. This is both labor and capital intensive and practitioners quickly began investigating other methods to get a measure of spatial variability. Aerial photographs, which were mainly used to evaluate and assess crop status, allow for the collection of whole-field data at relatively low cost. Our objective is to determine what relationships exist between aerial spectral data and intensive grid soil test results and whether this information can be used to improve future soil sampling strategies. Soil-test organic matter (OM) and Bray-1 P concentrations were measured on soil samples taken using an alternating 12.2- by 24.4-m grid in late March 1994 from a quarter section under center pivot irrigation. Spectral data were collected in the spring of 1996 prior to planting using a multispectral network of digital cameras. Correlations of brightness values from the blue, green, and NIR bands with both OM and Bray-1 P were significant, but relatively low. Normality tests revealed that brightness values for the spectral data sets were generally evenly distributed while those of the soil test OM and Bray-1 P were positively skewed. Many of the very high soil-test data values were due to past management. When those values were removed from the database, greater correlations between spectral data and soil test data were obtained. These results substantiated that aerial imagery can be used to improve sampling strategies, but it must be used in conjunction with existing knowledge and past management histories.
Regulating thrombus growth and stability to achieve an optimal response to injury.

Summary. An optimal platelet response to injury can be defined as one in which blood loss is restrained and haemostasis is achieved without the penalty of further tissue damage caused by unwarranted vascular occlusion. This brief review considers some of the ways in which thrombus growth and stability can be regulated so that an optimal platelet response can be achieved in vivo. Three related topics are considered. The first focuses on intracellular mechanisms that regulate the early events of platelet activation downstream of G protein coupled receptors for agonists such as thrombin, thromboxane A2 and ADP. The second considers the ways in which signalling events that are dependent on stable contacts between platelets can influence the state of platelet activation and thus affect thrombus growth and stability. The third focuses on the changes that are experienced by platelets as they move from their normal environment in freely-flowing plasma to a very different environment within the growing haemostatic plug, an environment in which the narrowing gaps and junctions between platelets not only facilitate communication, but also increasingly limit both the penetration of plasma and the exodus of platelet-derived bioactive molecules.
A Dilemma in Reforming Science Teacher Education: Responding to Students' Concerns or Striving for High Standards

(2001). A Dilemma in Reforming Science Teacher Education: Responding to Students' Concerns or Striving for High Standards. Journal of Science Teacher Education: Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 253-276.
Thyroxine-Protein Interactions IV. THERMODYNAMIC VALUES FOR THE ASSOCIATION OF THYROXINE WITH HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN

Abstract The effect of temperature on the binding of l-thyroxine to human serum albumin and to albumin defatted by the method of Goodman has been studied by equilibrium dialysis. The albumin was first freed of other contaminating thyroxine-binding proteins by zone electrophoresis on a preparative Porath cellulose column. Albumin, both native and defatted, shows only a small temperature dependence of binding. At 30° and 37° (pH 7.4), the constants that best fit the binding data for native albumin are n1 = 0.85 ± 0.15, k'1 = 1.41 x 106 m-1 ± 0.2, n2 = 5 or 6, k'2 = 0.095 x 106 m-1 or 0.067 x 106 m-1. At 6° the constants for native albumin are n1 = 1, k'1 = 1.6 x 106 m-1, n2 = 6, k'2 = 0.05 x 106 m-1. For defatted albumin the primary binding constants at 30° are n1 = 1, k'1 = 1.4 x106m-1. At 6° the primary binding constants for defatted albumin are n1 = 1, k'1 = 1.6 x 106 m-1. The thermodynamic parameters for association at the primary binding site are (a) for native albumin, ΔF° = -8.40 kcal per mole (30°, n1 = 1), ΔH° = -2.02 kcal per mole, ΔS° = +21 e.u.; (b) for defatted albumin, ΔF° = -8.51 kcal per mole (30°), ΔH° = -0.94 kcal per mole, ΔS° = +25 e.u. Chloride ions inhibit thyroxine binding to albumin. At 30° and pH 7.4, thyroxine binding to albumin is reduced by 50% in the presence of 0.1 m NaCl.
Holocene Man in North America: the Ecological Setting and Climatic Background

Patterns of human occupation and vegetation are delineated on maps of North America for one thousand year intervals through the Holocene. The raw data for this review include radiocarbon-dated poll...
Moments, magnitudes, and radiated energies of non-volcanic tremor near Cholame, CA, from ground motion spectra at UPSAR

[1] By averaging the spectra of events within two episodes of tremor (on Jan. 21 and 24, 2005) across the 12 stations of UPSAR, we improved the S/N sufficiently to define source spectra. Analysis of eleven impulsive events revealed attenuation-corrected spectra of displacement similar to those of earthquakes, with a low-frequency plateau, a corner frequency, and a high frequency decay proportional to f−2. Seismic moments, M0, estimated from these spectra range from about 3 to 10 × 1011 N-m or moment magnitudes in the range 1.6 to 1.9. The corner frequencies range from 2.6 to 7.2 Hz and, if interpreted in the same way as for earthquakes, indicate low stress drops that vary from 0.001 to 0.04 MPa. Seismic energies, estimated from the ground motion spectra, vary from 0.2 × 105 to 4.4 × 105 J, or apparent stresses in the range 0.002 to 0.02 MPa. The low stress parameters are consistent with a weak fault zone in the lower crust at the depth of tremor. In contrast, the same analysis on a micro-earthquake, located near Cholame (depth = 10.3 km), revealed a stress drop of 0.5 MPa and an apparent stress of 0.02 MPa. Residual spectra from ω−2 model fits to the displacement spectra of the non-volcanic tremor events show peaks near 4 Hz that are not apparent in the spectra for the microearthquake nor for the spectrum of earth noise. These spectral peaks may indicate that tremor entails more than shear failure reminiscent of mechanisms, possibly entailing fluid flow, associated with volcanic tremor or deep volcanic earthquakes.
Factors related to self-perceived competence among young adult children of alcoholics.

The five main hypotheses tested in the present study, regarding factors that may contribute to competence among COAs, were: (1) Effective coping will be positively related, and less effective coping negatively related to greater competence; (2) Higher competence will be associated with ratings of moderate family closeness and flexibility, as well as greater family satisfaction; (3) Higher competence will be positively related to the presence of a significant adult social supports; (4) COA s whose parent/s had less chronic patterns of alcoholism will be more likely to have higher competence scores; and (5) Higher competence will be associated with the use of effective coping, a balanced family structure, family satisfaction, adult social supports and limited parental alcoholism. Participants were (56 COA amp; 99 NCOA) undergraduate students in psychology courses at CWRU, and were chosen through a screening procedure. A screening questionnaire contained the COA identification question "Do you think that either of your parents may have had or may now have an alcohol abuse problem?" The remaining questionnaires included: The Self-Perception Profile for College Students; The COPE Scale; The FACES III; The Family Satisfaction Scale; The Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale; and a family alcohol questionn aire. COA s had significantly lower global self-worth scores than NCOAs. Alcohol use patterns were mostly similar between the two groups, which suggested successful avoidance of alcohol problems among the COA s. COA s also used more ineffective coping, rated their families as more extreme or disengaged, were less satisfied with their families, reported less support from mother and father, and used the help of professionals more often than the NCOAs. Hypothesis one was partially confirmed by a positive relationship between effective coping and higher Self-Worth. Hypothesis two was also partially confirmed with a positive relationship between family satisfaction and Self-Worth. Hypothesis three was partially confirmed by the positive relationship between Self-Worth, and support from mother and a close friend. Support from teacher and from professionals were negatively associated with Self-Worth. Hypothesis four was not confirmed. Finally, hypothesis five was partially supported with higher Self-Worth being associated with satisfaction with family, use of effective coping, a lack of support sought from professionals and teachers, and support received from a friend.
Simplifying Communication Induced by Operations of Block-Distributed Arrays

This paper analyzes communication patterns induced by operations on arrays with arbitrary block-distributions. A simple method is introduced that transforms the resulting pattern into a collection of independent gathers and scatters, which can be implemented efficiently.
A directional forgetting factor for single-parameter variations

Use of the recursive least-squares algorithm to track parameters that may undergo slow or sudden changes requires refinements to prevent excessive gain decay and the loss of the ability to re-identify parameters. A technique in wide-spread use developed by Fortescue, Kershenbaum and Ydstie (1981) involves variable weighting of past data based on the squared output error through a scalar forgetting factor that divides the covariance matrix. This can slow convergence when only a single parameter is changed because the forgetting factor affects all covariance elements equally. A modification is proposed that replaces the scalar forgetting factor by a diagonal forgetting matrix that contains directional information. This directional information is provided by the relative magnitude of the sum of errors squared for one-parameter estimates over a finite time window. Simulations with single parameter changes showed improved convergence; while multiple parameter variations showed, at worst, comparable performance to the unmodified algorithm.
Multimodal Interaction for Mobile Learning

This paper discusses issues associated with improving usability of user interactions with mobile devices in mobile learning applications. The focus is on using speech recognition and multimodal interaction in order to improve usability of data entry and information management for mobile learners. To assist users in managing mobile devices, user interface designers are starting to combine the traditional keyboard or pen input with "hands free" speech input, adding other modes of interaction such as speech-based interfaces that are capable of interpreting voice commands. Several research studies on multimodal mobile technology design and evaluations were carried out within our state-of the art laboratories. Results demonstrate feasibility of incorporating speech and multimodal interaction in designing applications for mobile devices. However, there are some important contextual constrains that limit applications with speech-only interfaces in mobile learning, including social and environmental factors, as well as technology limitations. These factors are discussed in detail.
The sonolucent "light bulb" sign of fluid collections.

The recent introduction of gray scale ultrasound, which uses a higher power output, has made it more difficult ot assess the cystic or solid nature of sonolucent mass lesions using the cirteria developed for bistable imaging, i.e. the amount of through transmission and the strength of the posterior wall echo. However, a cyst may be reliably diagnosed if a totally echofree area is seen adjacent to an area with low-level echoes derived from tissue parenchyma. We have termed this the "light bulb sign." Visualization of the sign facilitates the decision of the optimal time for abscess drainage.
Soybean Growth and Development as Affected by Glyphosate and Postemergence Herbicide Tank Mixtures

Field research was conducted to evaluate the effect of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] and postemergence herbicide tank mixtures applied to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] at the V5 growth stage on growth, development, and grain yield of glyphosate-resistant and nonresistant cultivars. Glyphosate at 840 g a.e. ha -1 did not affect vegetative growth, reproductive development, leaf area index (LAI), or grain yield of glyphosate-resistant soybean compared with nontreated glyphosate-resistant soybean. Soybean injury 21 d after treatment (DAT) was 14 to 18% when herbicide tank mixture treatments were applied. Soybean injury caused by postemergence herbicide tank mixtures resulted in delayed vegetative development when measured 7 DAT, delayed reproductive development at 20 and 80 DAT, reduced season-long height of Asgrow A1900' and Asgrow AG1901', and reduced aboveground dry weight at 35 and 56 DAT compared with nontreated plants. Leaf area index was reduced by postemergence tank mixtures up to 52 DAT but was greater 70 and 80 DAT, depending on the cultivar. The ratio of red to far red light that reached the soil surface 28 DAT was dependent on cultivar and herbicide selection. Yield of soybean treated with herbicides other than glyphosate timed for weed control and disease suppression was reduced at least 200 and 130 kg ha -1 in 1997 and 1998, respectively, in the absence of weeds and disease.
Fine Structure of Yellow‐Brown Symbionts (Prymnesiida) in Solitary Radiolaria and Their Comparison with Similar Acantharian Symbionts1

Yellow-brown, algal symbionts varying in diameter from approximately 5 μ m to 20 μ m, associated with solitary Radiolaria with spongiose skeletons (i.e. Spongodrymus sp.), exhibit fine structural features resembling the Prymnesiida (botanical class, Prymnesiophyceae). A large central vacuole is surrounded by a thin layer of cytoplasm containing plastids with lamellae composed of three thylakoids and granular pyrenoids with internal tubules immersed between the thylakoids. The pyrenoids lack internal thylakoid membranes. The nucleus is surrounded by a dilated cisterna of the nuclear envelope that also encloses the plastids and gives rise to saccules of the endoplasmic reticulum. The algal symbionts appear coccoid; hence no flagella nor surface scales were observed. The symbiont fine structure is compared to similar yellow-brown symbionts associated with Acantharia. Thus far, three kinds of algal symbionts have been observed to be associated with solitary Radiolaria: dinoflagellate, prasinomonad, and this apparent prymnesiomonad.
A technique for observing small angle inelastic proton scattering

Abstract A setup in which the angle defining slit of a semi-conductor detector system is placed between the δE and E counters is shown to reduce the slit scattering background by a factor of 100.
Characterization of supersaturated lidocaine/polyacrylate pressure sensitive adhesive systems: Thermal analysis and FT‐IR

Supersaturated and crystallized lidocaine (LC)/pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) systems have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FT-IR with the objective of characterizing the thermodynamic states and compatibility of the two-component systems. Analysis of the phase behavior of LC/DT2287 systems indicates that LC and DT2287 are thermodynamically miscible within the composition range containing less than approximately 20% w/w LC, beyond which LC may crystallize from the blends forming a separated crystalline phase. The composition dependence of the glass transition temperature (T(g)) was used to characterize the physical and thermodynamic states of the supersaturated systems. The Fox, Gordon-Taylor, Kwei, Kovacs, and Brekner, Schneider and Cantow (BSC) equations were employed to conduct the analysis. It was found that the PSA in the supersaturated LC/PSA systems underwent significant entropic relaxation upon mixing. LC in the miscible systems is absorbed into and swells the polymer network of the PSA, thereby exhibiting reduced molecular mobility, while the PSA attains significant molecular conformation relaxation and entropy increase. It was also found that LC molecules extensively participate in molecular relaxation of the PSA throughout the composition range studied. The molecular mobility of LC is inhibited as the volume fraction of DT2287 increases, suggesting that the PSA molecular network reduces the molecular mobility of LC by closely involving LC molecules in its relaxation, and thereby may enhancing the physical stability of the systems. No strong intermolecular interactions between the two components were found based upon the results of T(g)-composition analysis, and was confirmed by FT-IR studies. This indicates that the analysis based on the BSC equation provides more precise characterization of polymer systems than the T(g) -composition analysis based on other equations cited.
Arachidonylsulfonyl Derivatives as Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor and Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibitors

Abstract Arachidonylsulfonyl fluoride (3), reported here for the first time, is similar in potency to its known methyl arachidonylfluorophosphonate (2) analogue as an inhibitor of mouse brain fatty acid amide hydrolase activity (IC50 0.1 nM) and cannabinoid CB1 agonist [3H]CP 55,940 binding (IC50 304–530 nM). Interestingly, 3 is much more selective than 2 as an inhibitor for fatty acid amide hydrolase relative to acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and neuropathy target esterase. N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)arachidonylsulfonamide (4) is at least 2500-fold less potent than N-(2-hydroxyethyl)arachidonamide (anandamide) (1) at the CB1 agonist site.
Strong-branching inequalities for convex mixed integer nonlinear programs

Strong branching is an effective branching technique that can significantly reduce the size of the branch-and-bound tree for solving mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problems. The focus of this paper is to demonstrate how to effectively use "discarded" information from strong branching to strengthen relaxations of MINLP problems. Valid inequalities such as branching-based linearizations, various forms of disjunctive inequalities, and mixing-type inequalities are all discussed. The inequalities span a spectrum from those that require almost no extra effort to compute to those that require the solution of an additional linear program. In the end, we perform an extensive computational study to measure the impact of each of our proposed techniques. Computational results reveal that existing algorithms can be significantly improved by leveraging the information generated as a byproduct of strong branching in the form of valid inequalities.
Infrared properties of single crystal MgO, a substrate for high temperature superconducting films

We report and analyze the infrared properties of single crystal MgO, an important substrate for high Tc superconducting films, from 10 to 280 cm−1 and 20–300 K.
Regenerative medicine: Cell reprogramming gets direct.

In a feat of biological wizardry, one type of differentiated cell has been directly converted into another, completely distinct type. Notably, the approach does not require a stem-cell intermediate stage.
Stream Pollution Resulting from the Use of Organic Insecticides

(1951). Stream Pollution Resulting from the Use of Organic Insecticides. The Progressive Fish-Culturist: Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 193-198.
The validity of a caregiver-rated brief behavior symptom rating scale (BSRS) for use in the cognitively impaired

The validity of a 12-item brief behavioral symptom rating scale for use in the cognitively impaired was studied using nurse clinician ratings for criterion validity and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Behavioral Scale of the Psychogeriatric Dependency Rating Scale for convergent validity. The scale is designed to be filled out by care providers and to meet the needs for a brief scale focused on behavioral symptoms.
Electrochemical and synchrotron XAS studies of lithium intercalation into vanadium pentoxide aerogels and nanocomposites

Abstract Vanadium pentoxide aerogels are pillared nanocomposites with exceptional stability, intercalation capacity, and reversibility. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements on pristine and doped materials have revealed details of the oxidation state and local structure of the host material and of the polyvalent doping species. XANES measurements at the Cu K-edge for Cu 0.1 V 2 O 5 show the atomic level reversibility of the structure upon Li + insertion/release cycling.
Use of clustering techniques in deriving psychoeducational profiles

Abstract This study explores whether a synthesis of clinical and statistical data taken from the psychoeducational reports completed on a group of 42, 9- to 11-year-old boys referred to a Child Psychiatric Outpatient Department for school-learning problems, would yield discrete clinical categories or clusters of children. An amalgamated hierarchical clustering technique which formed clusters by subjects based on a measure of euclidean distance was used. Forty-two reports were evaluated by licensed educational psychologists in five input areas: Developmental History, School History, Cognitive Functioning, Sensorimotor/Perceptual Functioning, and Academic Achievement. One of three educational placement recommendations was identified for each subject: No Educational Placement Intervention Necessary, Special Tutoring or Remediation, and Special Class Placement. Using clinical characteristic ratings given by the evaluators on each variable, a similarity-dissimilarity matrix was formed which classified subjects into four discrete clusters based on their clinical profiles. A χ2 test determined that there was a significant association (p
Changes in ecdysteroid levels and expression patterns of ecdysteroid-responsive factors and neuropeptide hormones during the embryogenesis of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus.

Embryogenesis requires the involvement and coordination of multiple networks of various genes, according to a timeline governing development. Crustacean embryogenesis usually includes the first molt, a process that is known to be positively controlled by ecdysteroids. We determined the amounts of ecdysteroids, as well as other related factors: the ecdysone receptor (CasEcR), the retinoid X receptor (CasRXR), the molt-inhibiting hormone (CasMIH), and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CasCHH) during the ovarian and embryonic developments of Callinectes sapidus. In summary, the ovaries at stages 1–4 have expression levels of maternal CasEcR and CasRXR 10–50 times higher than levels seen in embryos at the yolk stage. This large difference in the amount of the these factors in C. sapidus ovaries suggests that these maternal ecdysteroid-responsive factors may be utilized at the initiation of embryogenesis. During embryogenesis, the changes in total ecdysteroids and levels of CasEcR and CasRXR expression are similar to those observed in juvenile molts. The full-length cDNA sequence of the C. sapidus BTB domain protein (CasBTBDP) initially isolated from Y-organ cDNA, contains only Broad-Complex, Tramtrack, and Bric a brac (BTB) domains. The levels of CasBTBDP are kept constant throughout embryogenesis. The expression profiles of CasMIH and CasCHH are similar to the titers of ecdysteroids. However, the timing of their appearance is followed by increases in CasEcRs and CasRXRs, implying that the expressions of these neuropeptides may be influenced by ecdysteroids. Moreover, the ecdysteroid profile during embryogenesis may track directly with the timing of organogenesis of Y-organs and their activity. Our work reports, for first time, the observed expression and changes of ecdysteroid-responsive factors, along with CasCHH and CasMIH, during embryogenesis in the crustacean C. sapidus.
Some properties of mitogenic components isolated from phytohemagglutinin by a preparative gel electrophoresis

Abstract Mitogenic components have been isolated from a commercially available phytohemagglutinin by a preparative gel electrophoresis. Characterization was accomplished by analytical disc electrophoresis, amino acid and carbohydrate analyses, NH2-terminal amino acid determination, analytical ultracentrifugation, and optical rotatory dispersion. Two mitogenic glycoprotein fractions were isolated electrophoretically, both having a molecular weight of about 140,000 but differing slightly in chemical composition. Differences also were noted in optical absorption and optical rotatory dispersion, suggesting a difference in electrophoretic mobility probably affected by charge, shape and conformation. These homogeneous glycoproteins showed mitogenic activity 50-fold greater than that of a commercial phytohemagglutinin (Difco PHA-P). Moreover, they had practically no hemagglutinating and leukoagglutinating activities.
Non-Schmid yield behavior in single crystals

Abstract A parently , certain single crystals do not obey Schmid's law for slip on individual systems. For example, many intermetallic compounds such as Ni 3Al with the LI 2 structure display yield behaviors that are called “anomalous” in the sense that the critical resolved shear stress on the primary slip system at yield is a function of the orientation of the loading axis and the sense of load. To accommodate such non-Schmid behaviors, a generalization of Schmid's law is proposed where stress components other than the Schmid stress also enter the criterion. The general effects of “cross slip” in FCC single crystals as well as the detailed shield behavior of Ni 3Al are well described. Finally, we demonstrate that non-Schmid effects can make it more difficult to activate many slip systems simultaneously.
On the analysis of para-ammonia observations

The intensities and optical depths of the (1, 1), (2, 2), and (2, 1) inversion transitions of ammonia can be calculated quite accurately without solving the equations of statistical equilibrium. A two-temperature partition function suffices. The excitation of the K-ladders can be approximated by using a temperature obtained from a two-level model with the (2, 1) and (1, 1) levels. Distribution of populations between the ladders is described with the kinetic temperature. This enables one to compute the (1, 1) and (2, 1) inversion transition excitation temperatures and optical depths. To compute the (2, 2) brightness temperatures, the fractional population of the (2, 2) doublet is computed from the population of the (1, 1) doublet using the 'true rotation temperature,' which is calculated using a three-level model with the (2, 1), (2, 2), and (1, 1) levels. In spite of some iterative steps, the calculation is quite fast.
Status of neutron star–black hole and binary neutron star simulations

We review the current status of black hole–neutron star and neutron star–neutron star binary merger calculations, focusing on recent results about gravitational wave signals and the characteristics of merger remnant. We describe a number of related topics, including the construction of quasi-equilibrium data and semi-analytic treatments that yield important information about these systems. Techniques for performing general relativistic hydrodynamics calculations are described and their implementation in current codes is summarized.
Evaluating Techniques for Determining Tillage Regime in the Southeastern Coastal Plain and Piedmont

Reduced tillage and residue management can have significant impacts on soil and water quality, primarily through the accumulation of soil organic C. Yet, methods of tillage and residue cover assessment are time and resource intensive, and often do not yield spatially representative results. A major goal of this study was to compare new remote sensing (RS) indices with the current line-transect approach for differentiating between conventional (CT) and conservation tillage systems. Experimental plots were located in two physiographic regions in Georgia: the Southern Piedmont and Southern Coastal Plain. Treatments consisted of no tillage (NT) or CT at the Piedmont site, and strip-tillage (ST) or CT at the Coastal Plain site. Remotely sensed data were acquired three times prior to canopy closure, using a handheld multispectral radiometer (485-1650 nm) and thermal imager (7000-14 000 nm). Soil texture and soil water content were measured to assess the impact of changes in soil background reflectance on crop residue assessments. Results showed that differences in spectral response between CT and conservation tillage systems were best observed using a normalized difference ratio of near infrared (NIR) (1650 ± 100 nm) and blue (485 ± 45 nm) spectra under dry conditions and low canopy cover (<25%). Differences in soil texture and color were the primary limiting factors in differentiating between tillage treatments. However, using readily available soil survey data, our data indicate that visible and NIR spectra can be used to rapidly differentiate between CT and conservation tillage systems in the Georgia Southeastern Coastal Plain and Piedmont physiographic regions.
Pencils of complex and real symmetric and skew matrices

Abstract This expository paper establishes the canonical forms under congruence for pairs of complex or real symmetric or skew matrices. The treatment is in the spirit of the well-known book of Gantmacher on matrix theory, and may be regarded as a supplement to Gantmacher's chapters on pencils of matrices.
The Influence of a Multilayered Metallic Coating on Fatigue Crack Nucleation

Abstract A thorough review of the literature on fatigue crack initiation indicates that for optimum resistance to fatigue crack initiation, a surface coating needs more than just a high hardness and that a combination of properties including toughness, cyclic work hardenability, residual compressive stresses, and adherence, in addition to a hardness higher than that of the substrate are required. Based on this assumption, it was hypothesized that nanometer-scale, multilayer coatings will posses a combination of these required properties enabling significant increases in fatigue crack initiation resistance. To test this hypothesis, fatigue experiments were conducted on Cu samples with different surface treatments including a nanoscale Cu–Ni multilayer. The fatigue lives of the multilayer coated samples were significantly greater than those of uncoated samples or samples coated with a monolithic coating of Cu or Ni indicating that the nanodimensional layering of the multilayer coating is responsible for retarding fatigue crack initiation and failure. The samples were examined with various analytical techniques including scanning and transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.
The commercial feasibility of the use of water vapor as a refrigerant

Abstract This paper investigates the economic feasibility of a water-based vapor compression chiller with a nominal capacity of 3520 kW (1000 ton). Simplified models of potential cycle configurations are developed and used as a screening tool to identify a baseline cycle, the most attractive configuration for a water-based refrigeration machine. More detailed component-level models are developed to accurately size equipment and predict both the performance and cost of the baseline chiller. These component models address issues that are particularly crucial when water is used in refrigeration cycles, such as compression ratio, compressor discharge superheat and refrigerant-side pressure drop. Where possible, these component models are verified through comparison against the current state-of-the-art technology for large chillers that use R-134a as the refrigerant. The capital cost and expected operating costs are determined in order to quantify the payback and life-cycle costs associated with using water as a refrigerant, relative to traditional halocarbon refrigerants currently in use. Other issues that may have an economic impact on the feasibility of water as a viable alternative to traditional synthetic refrigerants are discussed, including purging and condensation within the compressor. The results show that water-based vapor compression refrigeration systems will not be economically attractive without substantial and successful efforts to develop low-cost, high capacity compressors. The paper provides an indication of the cost targets that must be met in order to make water vapor refrigeration systems practical.
On the Theory of Adiabatic and Isolated Susceptibilities

A quantum statistical mechanical proof of the equivalence of adiabatic and isolated susceptibilities in large systems is given by Broer's method using a Gibbs relation. Further a brief mention is made of the susceptibilities in non-equilibrium cases.
Fixed width confidence bands for densities under censoring

The problem of constructing a fixed width confidence band for the density of data observed subject to random right censoring is considered. A suitable stopping rule is proposed and this stopping rule is shown to achieve the desired degree of confidence, asymptotically as the required maximum width of the band approaches zero.
Photodynamic cross-linking of proteins: V. Nature of the tyrosine–tyrosine bonds formed in the FMN-sensitized intermolecular cross-linking of N-acetyl-l-tyrosine

Some types of proteins are intermolecularly cross-linked via the formation of Tyr–Tyr (dityrosine) bonds on illumination in the presence of certain kinds of photosensitizers. The study of reactions of this type is of importance since they appear to be involved in several processes of biomedical importance such as the photosensitized (photodynamic) treatment of tumors, pathological effects of sunlight (skin photoaging, induction of cataracts), etc. The mechanisms involved in the photosensitized formation of dityrosine cross-links are not clear, and the chemical nature of the cross-link(s) is not known. In the present work, these problems have been studied using N-acetyltyrosine as a model substrate. This compound was illuminated under aerobic conditions at pH 6.0 with FMN as the photosensitizer. The Tyr–Tyr cross-linked products were isolated and purified by a preparative silica gel 60 column and by preparative reverse phase HPLC. Three main cross-linked products, designated as 1 (C6, C6′-linked di-(N-acetyltyrosine)), 2 (C6, O7′-linked di-(N-acetyltyrosine)), and 3 (C6, C4′-linked di-(N-acetyltyrosine)), were identified, and their chemical structures were determined by MS, two-dimensional NMR spectral methods, and other standard techniques. Detailed reaction pathways for the formation of the carbon–carbon (1 and 3) and carbon–oxygen (2) coupled products were proposed.
CONTROLLING IMAGES AND THE GENDER CONSTRUCTION OF ENSLAVED AFRICAN WOMEN

This article examines the antebellum popular culture that was created by pro-slavery intellectuals and that contributed to the subordination of female African slaves. It argues that southern ideologues produced a dominant ideology that facilitated the exploitation of enslaved Black women and contributed to the social construction of their gender. This article contributes to Black feminist theory that, since the early 1970s, has been developing as a counter-hegemonic advocate for the subaltern African American woman.
Internal tides over abrupt topography in the Southern California Bight: Observations of diurnal waves poleward of the critical latitude

[1] In the ocean, a mechanism for baroclinic internal tide generation is through the interaction of barotropic tidal currents with topography. Velocity profiles from a bottom-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler are used to characterize the tidal generation of diurnal and semidiurnal internal modes over a ridge atop an abrupt 30° bathymetric slope in the Southern California Bight. This location is poleward of the critical latitude for diurnal frequency internal waves, yet the circulation is dominated by the diurnal internal tide. Overall, the structure of the diurnal internal tide resembles the first baroclinic mode. However, the mode is topographically distorted in the lower water column where it is amplified and polarized in the cross-ridge direction. The behavior of the diurnal response is contrasted with the nearly ideal appearance of the semidiurnal response. The diurnal baroclinic mode occurs as a persistent response to tidal forcing rather than because of the diurnal sea breeze as has also been suggested as an explanation for internal diurnal tides in other areas of the Southern California Bight.
On the Galerkin method with vector basis functions

The Galerkin method with new vector basis functions has been used by researchers in electrical engineering. Many experiments show that the new vector basis functions are ideally suited for representing the surface electric current and surface magnetic current on the triangulated surface of the given dielectric scatterer. Efficient and simple numerical algorithms have been developed. In this paper, the new vector basis functions and corresponding Galerkin method are introduced. A theoritical analysis of the convergence, error estimate, and numerical stability of this method is given for certain types of integral equations.
Regression analysis of discrete time survival data under heterogeneity

This paper concerns the regression analysis of discrete time survival data for heterogeneous populations by means of frailty models. We express the survival time for each individual as a sequence of binary variables that indicate if the individual survived at each time point. The main result is that the likelihood for these indicators can be factored into contributions that involve the conditional survival probabilities integrated over the frailty distribution of the risk set (population-averaged). We then model these population-averaged conditional probabilities as a function of covariates. The result justifies the practice of treating the failure indicators as independent Bernoulli trials and fitting binary regression models for the conditional failure probabilities at each time point. However, we must interpret the regression coefficients as population-averaged rather than subject-specific parameters. We apply the method to the Framingham Heart Study on risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
Roles of the ccoGHIS gene products in the biogenesis of the cbb3-type cytochrome c oxidase

In many bacteria the ccoGHIS cluster, located immediately downstream of the structural genes (ccoNOQP) of cytochrome cbb3 oxidase, is required for the biogenesis of this enzyme. Genetic analysis of ccoGHIS in Rhodobacter capsulatus demonstrated that ccoG, ccoH, ccoI and ccoS are expressed independently of each other, and do not form a simple operon. Absence of CcoG, which has putative (4Fe-4S) cluster binding motifs, does not significantly affect cytochrome cbb3 oxidase activity. However, CcoH and CcoI are required for normal steady-state amounts of the enzyme. CcoI is highly homologous to ATP-dependent metal ion transporters, and appears to be involved in the acquisition of copper for cytochrome cbb3 oxidase, since a CcoI-minus phenotype could be mimicked by copper ion starvation of a wild-type strain. Remarkably, the small protein CcoS, with a putative single transmembrane span, is essential for the incorporation of the redox-active prosthetic groups (heme b, heme b3 and Cu) into the cytochrome cbb3 oxidase. Thus, the ccoGHIS products are involved in several steps during the maturation of the cytochrome cbb3 oxidase.
Recovery of recombinant plasmids from Pleurotus ostreatus transformants.

A transformation system employing selectable resistance to hygromycin B has been developed for the mushroom-forming fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus. Vector pAN7-1, a commonly used non-replicative vector for integrative transformation in fungi, yielded 5–46 resistant colonies per μg of DNA per 107 viable protoplasts. Southern blot analysis of certain transformants revealed unexpected replicative plasmids containing pAN7-1 sequences, but modified for size, methylation and restriction enzyme pattern when compared to the initial transforming vector. Two such replicative derivatives of pAN7-1 have been rescued from P. ostreatus by cloning into Escherichia coli. Rescued plasmids have been used to probe DNA from untransformed P. ostreatus in an effort to identify fungal sequences that recombined in vivo with pAN7-1 to form replicative plasmids. Such replicative sequences have been localized in high molecular weight (chromosomal) DNA of wild-type P. ostreatus. Transformation has been obtained for P. ostreatus using a rescued plasmid, thereby confirming the role of this recombinant plasmid as a shuttle vector.
Augmentation mammaplasty using a non-inflatable prosthesis through a circum-areolar incision.

Abstract A technique for augmentation mammaplasty with non-inflatable prostheses through a circumareolar incision is described. It has been successful thus far for 4 patients, and offers predictably less scarring. The question as to whether this approach has a greater hazard of nipple paraesthesia is raised.