cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Convergence of Iterated Classification

We report an improved methodology for training a sequence of classifiers for document image content extraction, that is, the location and segmentation of regions containing handwriting, machine-printed text, photographs, blank space, etc. The resulting segmentation is pixel-accurate, and so accommodates a wide range of zone shapes (not merely rectangles). We have systematically explored the best scale (spatial extent) of features. We have found that the methodology is sensitive to ground-truthing policy, and especially to precision of ground-truth boundaries. Experiments on a diverse test set of 83 document images show that tighter ground-truth reduces per-pixel classification errors by 45% (from 38.9% to 21.4%). Strong evidence, from both experiments and simulation, suggests that iterated classification converges region boundaries to the ground-truth (i.e. they don't drift). Experiments show that four-stage iterated classifiers reduce the error rates by 24%. We also present an analysis of special cases suggesting reasons why boundaries converge to the ground-truth.
Stereotypical Behaviors and Handicapping Conditions in Infants and Children.

Although the origin and function of stereotypical behaviors remain poorly understood, they appear to be common characteristics of both normal infants and infants with handicaps. However, there is limited information about the relative prevalence of stereotypical behaviors as a function of handicapping condition in infants and young children. This study documented the occurrence of stereotypical behaviors in young children with various handicapping conditions. The occurrence of stereotypical behaviors in young children with handicaps was rated by caregivers in early intervention programs. Most of the children in the study exhibited at least one stereotypical behavior, and some stereotypical behaviors were differentially associated with particular handicapping conditions. Children with more severe handicapping conditions exhibited stereotypical behaviors that may be indicative of central nervous system impairment.
Continuum mechanics modeling of Drosophila mesoderm invagination based on spherical harmonics accounts for long-range tissue remodeling

Mechanics plays a key role in the development of higher organisms. For example, during fruit-fly gastrulation, local forces generated by the acto-myosin meshwork in the region of the future mesoderm lead to formation of a ventral tissue fold. The process is accompanied by substantial changes in cell shape and long-range cell movements whose origin is not understood. It has proven difficult to model the link between local forces, generated at the subcellular level, and global tissue deformation. Here, we adopt an approach first developed for lipid bilayers and cell membranes, in which we model force-generation at the cytoskeletal level as resulting in local changes in preferred tissue curvature. The continuum mechanics problem can thus be completely formulated in terms of tissue strains, which is desirable since mechanical forces themselves are often unknown. The solution then yields global morphogenetic predictions that accommodate the tendency towards this local preferred curvature. Computer simulations, especially in three dimensions, face the additional challenge of high complexity of shapes, gene expression patterns, and mechanical constraints. Our computational framework, which we call SPHARM-MECH, extends a three-dimensional spherical harmonics parameterization known as SPHARM to address this challenge. Using SPHARM-MECH in combination with whole-embryo light-sheet-based live imaging, we study mesoderm invagination in the fruit-fly embryo. Our analysis reveals a striking correlation between calculated and observed tissue movements, predicts the observed cell shape anisotropy on the ventral side of the embryo, and suggests an active mechanical role of the mesoderm invagination process in supporting the first phase of germ-band extension.
Philanthropy, Power and Patronage in Swahili Cities, 1820-1890

Charity is not usually identified as one of the major dynamics of East African urbanism, and yet one could hardly have lived in Zanzibar or Mombasa without noticing its effects. Based on extensive archival research for the presenters dissertation, this paper explores the contest between traditions of Islamic charity imported from southern Arabia during the Busaidi period (roughly 1820-1890) and older Swahili ways of conceptualizing and practicing it. It argues that charity has specific historiescultures define who deserves charity and how it should be implementedand that in the arena of the western Indian Ocean these contingent ideas traveled widely. Primarily using data from 19th century Islamic charitable endowments (wakf), the paper explains how historical actors inscribed charity on precolonial urban space, and with it laid claim to its inhabitants. Charity, as an idea and an institution, could be both fluiddepending on how one interpreted its mandateand limiteddue to the sanctity of wakfed property within the town. The way Omani elites exploited charitable endowments in East African towns left an imprint, one that defined the way westerners first encountered the Swahili city and that continues to be important to the present.
Of Myths and Evidence: An Analysis of 40 U.S. Cases for Countries Considering a Private Right of Action for Competition Law Violations

This article assesses some of the benefits of private enforcement of the United States antitrust laws by analyzing forty large recent, successful private cases. It should help in assessing the desirability and efficacy of private enforcement - information that may prove useful to jurisdictions contemplating a private right of action for competition cases.
Accuracy of left ventricular ejection fraction determined by gated myocardial perfusion SPECT with Tl-201 and Tc-99m sestamibi: Comparison with first-pass radionuclide angiography

Background We compared estimates of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) assessed by gated single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), using both technetium-99m sestamibi and thallium-201, with those obtained by first-pass radionuclide angiography (FPRNA) in patients with a broad spectrum of LVEF and perfusion abnormalities.
Moderate Effects of Same-Sex Legislation on Dependent Employer-Based Insurance Coverage Among Sexual Minorities:

A difference-in-difference approach was used to compare the effects of same-sex domestic partnership, civil union, and marriage policies on same- and different-sex partners who could have benefitted from their partners' employer-based insurance (EBI) coverage. Same-sex partners had 78% lower odds (Marginal Effect = -21%) of having EBI compared with different-sex partners, adjusting for socioeconomic and health-related factors. Same-sex partners living in states that recognized same-sex marriage or domestic partnership had 89% greater odds of having EBI compared with those in states that did not recognize same-sex unions (ME = 5%). The impact of same-sex legislation on increasing take-up of dependent EBI coverage among lesbians, gay men, and bisexual individuals was modest, and domestic partnership legislation was equally as effective as same-sex marriage in increasing same-sex partner EBI coverage. Extending dependent EBI coverage to same-sex partners can mitigate gaps in coverage for a segment of the lesbians, gay men, and bisexual population but will not eliminate them.
Alternate Titanium Source Compounds for CVD of Ti/TiC Coatings

CVD experiments were conducted using (Me3SiCH2)4Ti, Bis(2,4-dimethylpentadienyl) titanium, Cl3TiMe, (Me3SiCH2TiCl3 to evaluate their potential as Ti precursor compounds. Only Me3SiCH2TiCl3 was suitable for atmospheric CVD applications. Uniform thin films of polycrystalline TiC were deposited using Me3SiCH2TiCl3 in an argon ambient between 700 °C and 800 °C. A mechanism involving initial loss of Me3SiCl to generate a titanium carbene intermediate is proposed. Thin films of TiC deposited on Si[111] were characterized using XRD and AES. Depth profile line shape analysis showed only TiC and elemental Si in the interfacial region. XRD indicates some titanium silicide is formed at 800 °C. In a hydrogen ambient, hydrogenolysis of the alkyl group occurs and very poor film growth results were obtained.
Nanophotonic Quantum Dot Waveguides with Low Loss

We present loss characterization results for nanophotonic quantum dot waveguides. Loss data measured over 10, 15, and 20 um lengths using 500 nm wide structures show reduced loss compared to other sub-diffraction nanophotonic waveguides.
Better Science Through Predictive Modeling: Numerical Tools for Understanding Neuromechanical Interactions

The animal kingdom is filled with amazing examples of coordinated locomotor and balance behavior. The intricate interaction of the neuromechanics of the combined skeletal, muscular, and neural systems that underlie these behaviors only adds to their impressiveness. To wit, the neuromechanics must deal with fantastically nonlinear dynamics, delayed and noisy sensory input, and multiple stability regimes in unpredictable environments. Because of these underlying complex interactions, an integrative systems approach is required to understand the performance of the locomotor and balance behavior that emerges. In this chapter, we propose the use of predictive modeling to facilitate the investigation of neuromechanics using our software platform, Neuromechanic. With this technique the dynamics of constituent neuromechanical systems are modeled and the resulting emergent behaviors studied; holistic behaviors are an output rather than an input for simulation. We describe three ways in which software can aid in a predictive approach to neuromechanical modeling: first, use of tools that emphasize control and optimization for predictive modeling; second, visualization and organization to aid in careful parameterization necessary to account for the variation found in biological specimens; third, building confidence in modeling results through the use of sensitivity analysis. We offer examples of these techniques using Neuromechanic, which is designed to simplify the prototyping of neural control strategies, formulate optimization criteria, visualize key parameters that effect model performance, and succinctly perform sensitivity analysis.
Cancer of the floor of the mouth and the gingiva.

Survival rates of patients with cancer of the floor of the mouth have improved since World War II. An even more significant improvement has been seen with cancer of the gingiva. These increased survival rates have been achieved primarily with surgical treatment. The techniques which have been developed lead to less deformity and improved postoperative function.
Finding Our Stride: Young Women Professors of Educational Leadership.

This work is grounded in the literature on women in the academy and offers glimpses into four young women professors’ experiences in the field of educational leadership. We utilized reflective prac...
Porous silicon electron-emitting source

A novel material which consists of porous silicon on silicon has been used to demonstrate high-current, low-voltage electron field emission. The porous silicon film is grown on a silicon wafer through electrochemical anodization in concentrated hydrofluoric acid. Apparently extremely sharp silicon tips are formed at the silicon/porous silicon interface which allow low field extraction of electrons from the substrate. Evidence confirming electron vacuum transport from this electron-emitting source is presented. >
Advanced coreless flip-chip BGA package with high dielectric constant thin film embedded decoupling capacitor

In this paper, coreless flip-chip BGA in Amkor Technology will be introduced with two options. First option is a revised coreless substrate design with layer reduction from original core substrate design of flip-chip BGA package and the second one is the coreless substrate with high dielectric constant thin film embedded decoupling capacitor in order to improve power integrity performance. The coreless substrate was redesigned to reduce the number of layers for low-cost solution. Since the original core substrate has 12 layers (4–4–4) and the revised coreless substrate has 9 layers (8+1), the cost of flip-chip BGA substrate could be reduced. Coreless substrates will use ABF films and high dielectric constant thin film to replace core and prepreg dielectric materials and to form embedded decoupling capacitor between power/ground planes.
Common Solutions to Diverse Problems: An Interview with Margot Gerritsen

An Interview with Margot Gerritsen. We discuss her research, her experiences with teaching, and the role of STS in society.
Checklist of Gymnotiformes (Osteichthyes: Ostariophysi) and catalogue of primary types

Uma lista de todas as especies validas de peixes eletricos neotropicais (Gymnotiformes) e apresentada. A lista e organizada por familia e genero, e inclui todos os sinonimos validos. A lista encontra-se atualizada ate 2016 e inclui 240 especies validas viventes distribuidas entre os 34 generos e cinco familias, e um genero monotipico conhecido apenas por registros fosseis. A presente classificacao reflete as recentes interpretacoes publicadas sobre a validade dos nomes incluidos, nos quais, em geral, sao amplamente aceitos. Quando a validade de um nome em particular e disputada na literatura recente, nos seguimos uma das interpretacoes publicadas, e fornecemos informacoes relevantes sobre a(s) interpretacao(oes) na secao de comentarios do nome em questao. Sinonimos de alguns nomes precisam ser considerados com cautela, tendo em vista que os tipos para estes nomes sao ausentes, ou parecem ser baseados em mais de um taxon. As primeira acoes de revisao (e.g., designacao de lectotipos e neotipos, resolucao na designacao simultânea de sinonimos, etc.) sao registradas e incluem os esforcos erroneos subsequentes para a solucao do problema. Aqui, nos incluimos uma primeira acao de revisao selecionando Gymnotus aequilabiatus Humboldt, 1805, como a especie-tipo de Sternopygus, porque os esforcos previos para selecionar o tipo nao seguiram as recomendacoes do Codigo de Nomenclatura Zoologica.
Fuzzy control system of robot angular attitude

The article presents a new concept of mobilerobot control to determine the rotary traverse for obstacle avoidance. It is presented the description of the robot and the location of sensors on it. A fuzzy model of motor control of the robot while avoiding obstacles is given here. The data for fuzzy models are supplied from sensors with middle and short distance. The result of theoretical developments is supported by experimental data. A real robot control system is illustrated by the example of the autonomous Arduino mini-robot platform.
RHO Proteins in RAS Signaling and Transformation

The important contributions of Ras to tumor progression and maintenance are now well established. These functions couple Ras to a variety of downstream activities that are mediated by multiple effector pathways. Among the critical Ras targets are the Rho GTPases, which have emerged as a family of proteins that plays an essential role in normal and neoplastic cellular growth, particularly in Ras-induced transformation. How Rho family GTPases relay Ras signaling to downstream components and what roles they serve in Ras-induced oncogenesis will be the subject of this chapter
Comprehensive View of the Ligand–Gold Interface from First Principles

A large number of ligands have been used to stabilize and functionalize the gold surfaces and nanoclusters, but there has been no systematic comparison about their binding strengths with gold. In this work, we studied the interaction between 27 ligands of six different types (thiolates, phosphines, amines, aryl radicals, alkynyls, and N-heterocyclic carbenes) with the model Au surfaces by first-principles density functional theory (DFT). On the perfect Au(111), we found the order of binding strengths to be bulky N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) ≈ alkynyls > thiolates ≈ phosphines > aryls ≈ less sterically bulky NHCs > alkylamines. The much stronger interaction of bulky carbenes to Au than the less sterically bulky NHCs arises from the van der Waals (vdW) attraction of bulky side groups with gold surface via the short Au···HCH2R contact. Further, we showed that the presence of a gold adatom on Au(111) leads to enhanced binding and a similar order for most of the ligands examined. Overall, bulky NHCs and alky...
#BlackLivesMatter: black celebrity hashtag activism and the discursive formation of a social movement

The #BlackLivesMatter, or #BLM, movement was founded in 2012 by Opal Tometi, Patrisse Cullors, and Alicia Garza after George Zimmerman was acquitted for the murder of Trayvon Martin. The hashtag wa...
Recurrent generative adversarial neural networks for compressive imaging

Recovering images from highly undersampled measurements has a wide range of applications across imaging sciences. State-of-the-art analytics however are not aware of the image perceptual quality, and demand iterative algorithms that incur significant computational overhead. To sidestep these hurdles, this paper brings forth a novel compressive imaging framework using deep neural networks that approximates a low-dimensional manifold of images using generative adversarial networks. To ensure the images are consistent with the measurements a recurrent GAN (RGAN) architecture is deployed that consists of multiple alternative blocks of generator networks and affine projection, which is then followed by a discriminator network to score the perceptual quality of the generated images. A deep residual network with skip connections is used for the generator, while the discriminator is a multilayer perceptron. Experiments performed with real-world contrast enhanced MRI data corroborate the diagnostic quality of the retrieved images relative to state-of-the-art CS schemes. In addition, it achieves about two-orders of magnitude faster reconstruction.
Conscious sedation attitudes and perceptions: a survey of american academy of pediatric dentistry members.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the attitudes and perceptions of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPDM) members regarding conscious sedation. METHODS: A 22-item survey was e-mailed to 4,358 active AAPD members to identify factors that influence pediatric dentists' practice of conscious sedation in their dental offices. Bivariate and logistic regression models were used to analyze data. RESULTS: A total of 1,219 surveys were returned (28% response rate); 743 (63%) respondents practiced conscious sedation. Help in providing dental care for patients difficult to manage was the primary reason reported for practicing conscious sedation. Conversely, not wanting the liability related to conscious sedation was the main reason reported by those who don't sedate. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that dentists were significantly more likely to perform conscious sedation if they practiced more than 3 days a week (P>.03), had 11% or more patients with public insurance (P>.02), and rated their sedation training as "good or excellent" (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Among respondents, the attitudes of those who practice conscious sedation varied significantly from those who don't with location of the practice and the quality of their sedation training as significant influences on this decision.
Helium irradiated cavity formation and defect energetics in Ni-based binary single-phase concentrated solid solution alloys

Abstract Binary single-phase concentrated solid solution alloys (SP CSAs), including Ni80Co20, Ni80Fe20, Ni80Cr20, Ni80Pd20, and Ni80Mn20 (in atomic percentage), were irradiated with 200 keV He+ ions at 500 °C. He cavity size and density distribution were systematically investigated using transmission electron microscope. Here we show that alloying elements have a clear impact on He cavity formation. Cavity size is the smallest in Ni80Mn20 but the largest in Ni80Co20. Alloying elements could also substantially affect cavity density profile. In-depth examination of cavities at peak damage region (∼500 nm) and at low damage region (∼300 nm) demonstrates that cavity size is depth (damage) dependent. Competition between consumption and production of vacancies and He atoms could lead to varied cavity size. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to obtain the formation and migration energies of interstitials and vacancies. Combined experimental and simulation results show that smaller energy gap between interstitial and vacancy migration energies may lead to smaller cavity size and narrower size distribution observed in Ni80Mn20, comparing with Ni80Co20. The results of this study call attention to alloying effects of specific element on cavity formation and defect energetics in SP CSAs, and could provide fundamental understanding to predict radiation effects in more complexed SP CSAs, such as high entropy alloys.
Utility assessment of interim FDG-PET/CT in frontline therapy of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

8549 Background: FDG-PET/CT (PET/CT) is part of standard pre-treatment staging and post-treatment response assessment in patients undergoing first line therapy for DLBCL. While many providers obtai...
Balanced Factorization and Rewriting Algorithms for Synthesizing Single Flux Quantum Logic Circuits

Single Flux Quantum (SFQ) logic with switching energy of 100zJ1 and switching delay of 1ps is a promising post-CMOS candidate. Logic synthesis of these magnetic-pulse-based circuits is a very important step in their design flow with a big impact on the total area, power consumption, and critical path delay. SFQ circuits has some properties different from CMOS which should be taken into consideration in the design and implementation flow of these circuits. One of these properties is requirement of path balancing in the standard SFQ circuit design. Standard CMOS-based rewriting and factorization algorithms fail to preserve the balancing property of SFQ circuits. Therefore, they end up generating circuits with huge path balancing overheads. Our proposed balanced factorization and rewriting algorithms are designed specifically to solve this problem. Experimental results show that a combination of balanced factorization and rewriting algorithms reduces the path balancing overhead by an average of 63% for 15 benchmark circuits, and area by up to 23% compared to state-of-the-art logic synthesis tools.
Risk Factors for Transplant-Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy after Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplant in High-Risk Neuroblastoma

Abstract High-risk neuroblastoma has a poor prognosis, and research studies have shown that increasing the intensity of therapy improves outcomes. Autologous hematopoietic cell transplant (aHCT) as consolidation therapy confers a significant survival advantage but is accompanied by significant morbidity. Transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is a life-threatening complication caused by endothelial injury that often leads to hemolytic anemia, microthrombotic platelet consumption, and renal injury. Here we investigated the incidence, potential risk factors, and sequelae of TA-TMA in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients (n = 141) with neuroblastoma in our institutions who underwent aHCT from 2000 to 2017. Ten patients (7%) developed TA-TMA. The patients in the TA-TMA group were similar to the rest of the subjects in demographics, disease burden, prior therapies, renal function, and timing of transplant. The type of conditioning regimen was the only statistically significant pretransplant variable (P
Immunotherapy response evaluation with magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) in advanced HCC

Currently, there are no imaging predictors of immunotherapy outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The study aim was to determine if stiffness changes measured by magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) can be a predictor of immunotherapy response in patients with advanced HCC. This was a prospective study of 15 patients with biopsy proven-advanced HCC treated with Pembrolizumab. All patients had liver MRE and liver biopsy at baseline and at 6 weeks of therapy. Change in HCC stiffness on MRE was compared with overall survival (OS), time to disease progression (TTP), and number of intratumoral CD3+ T lymphocytes. Analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation (R); p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Nine patients were evaluable. Median age was 71 years (range, 54–78). Etiology of liver disease was HCV (n = 4), HBV (n = 1) and NASH (n = 4). Median OS and TTP were 44 weeks and 13 weeks, respectively. Average baseline HCC stiffness and change in HCC stiffness were 5.0 kPa and 0.12 kPa, respectively. In contrast, average non-tumor liver stiffness was 3.2 kPa, and did not significantly change at 6 weeks (p = 0.42). Average size of measured tumor and change in size were 4 cm and − 0.32 cm, respectively. Change in HCC stiffness at 6 weeks correlated significantly with OS (R = 0.81), and TTP (R = 0.88,p < 0.01). Abundance of intratumoral T lymphocytes on tumor biopsy correlated significantly with HCC stiffness (R = 0.79,p = 0.007). Our pilot MRE data suggests early change in tumor stiffness may be an indicator of immunotherapy response in patients with advanced HCC.
The integration paradox: contrasting patterns in adaptation among immigrant children in Central New Jersey

I report findings from research conducted among immigrant children and children of immigrants in Princeton and Trenton, New Jersey—including unaccompanied minors and those protected by Deferred Act...
A 5.5-V 7-MHz UGBW Dual Rail-to-Rail CMOS Op Amp with Enable Pin and Hi-Z Output Feature

The paper presents a dual rail-to-rail CMOS op amp having a unity-gain bandwidth (UGBW) better than 7 MHz across the 2.5-5.5 V supply range. The circuit has an Enable pin and, during Disable status, its outputs are in Hi-Z, avoiding current flowing into circuit from the load that is prone to get higher than the supply voltage. It was fabricated using a $0.25 {\mu} \mathrm{m}$ BCD process. The amplifier has a maximum offset voltage of 1 mV, a minimum PSRR of 95 dB, a minimum CMRR of 66 dB, a minimum open-loop gain of 100 dB, and a voltage noise spectral density of 20 nV/$\surd$Hz at 10 kHz, while consuming $850 {\mu} \mathrm{A}$ per channel. The die area is only 1 mm2 and has no package, but 9 bumps.
Prevention, Suppression, and Treatment of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis with a Synthetic T Cell Receptor V Region Peptide

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the prevention, suppression, and treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with a synthetic T-cell receptor (TCR) V region peptide. The common use of TCR V β 8.2 genes by encephalitogenic, BP-specific T cells from Lewis rats has allowed the identification of a synthetic TCR sequence that can stimulate antiidiotypic regulation of the pernicious T cells. In a study described in the chapter, pre-immunication with the TCR-V β 8-39-59 peptide induced complete protection against clinical EAE by stimulating the production of specific T cells and antibodies that independently transferred protective activity. Similarly, the TCR peptide suppressed EAE when given after induction of disease, thus reducing the severity of clinical signs. However, histological lesions were evident in clinically protected rats, although T-cell responses to encephalitogenic epitopes of BP were muted. The regulatory T cells apparently recognized a processed form of the TCR expressed on the Vβ8 + T-cell surface in association with MHC class I restriction molecules to mediate regulation by noncytolytic mechanisms. It is probable that the TCR-V β 8-39-59 sequence represents a natural idiotope involved in the immunoregulation of EAE, as T cells specific for this TCR peptide were induced as a consequence of EAE in the absence of synthetic TCR-Vβ 8-39-59 peptide.
Learning for Integer-Constrained Optimization through Neural Networks with Limited Training.

In this paper, we investigate a neural network-based learning approach towards solving an integer-constrained programming problem using very limited training. To be specific, we introduce a symmetric and decomposed neural network structure, which is fully interpretable in terms of the functionality of its constituent components. By taking advantage of the underlying pattern of the integer constraint, as well as of the affine nature of the objective function, the introduced neural network offers superior generalization performance with limited training, as compared to other generic neural network structures that do not exploit the inherent structure of the integer constraint. In addition, we show that the introduced decomposed approach can be further extended to semi-decomposed frameworks. The introduced learning approach is evaluated via the classification/symbol detection task in the context of wireless communication systems where available training sets are usually limited. Evaluation results demonstrate that the introduced learning strategy is able to effectively perform the classification/symbol detection task in a wide variety of wireless channel environments specified by the 3GPP community.
Neurobiology of Deception

Deception is a complex psychosocial engagement where the executor deliberately tries to implant a thought in the mind of another person in a manner that one accepts what executor knows as not true (Abe et al, J Cogn Neurosci 19(2):287–295, 2007; Abe, Curr Opin Neurol 22(6):594–600, 2009). Biologically, deception is a cognitive process that involves executive system of the brain for functions including but not limited to decision-making, risk taking, cognitive control, and reward processing (Ganis, Keenan, Soc Neurosci 4(6):465–472, 2009). As for the execution of any other intricate action, brain’s executive system is merely involved to infer deception but not unique to it. Hence, prior attempting to understand and frame deception as a physiological process, it is important to consider that any single biological response may not predict it, perhaps studying combination of various complex neuro-circuits shaping deception could help better understand and measure it indirectly.
Neuroplasticity in N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor signaling in subregions of the rat rostral ventrolateral medulla following sedentary versus physically active conditions.

The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is a brain region involved in normal regulation of the cardiovascular system and heightened sympathoexcitatory states of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Among major risk factors for CVD, sedentary lifestyles contribute to higher mortality than other modifiable risk factors. Previous studies suggest excessive glutamatergic excitation of presympathetic neurons in the RVLM occurs in sedentary animals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine neuroplasticity in the glutamatergic system in the RVLM of sedentary and physically active rats. We hypothesized that relative to active rats, sedentary rats would exhibit higher expression of glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor subunits (GluN), phosphoGluN1, and the excitatory scaffold protein postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95), while achieving higher glutamate levels. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (4 weeks old) were divided into sedentary and active (running wheel) conditions for 10-12 weeks. We used retrograde tracing/triple-labeling techniques, western blotting, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We report in sedentary versus physically active rats: 1) fewer bulbospinal non-C1 neurons positive for GluN1, 2) significantly higher expression of GluN1 and GluN2B but lower levels of phosphoGluN1 (pSer896) and PSD95, and 3) higher levels of glutamate in the RVLM. Higher GluN expression is consistent with enhanced sympathoexcitation in sedentary animals; however, a more complex neuroplasticity occurs within subregions of the ventrolateral medulla. Our results in rodents may also indicate that alterations in glutamatergic excitation of the RVLM contribute to the increased incidence of CVD in humans who lead sedentary lifestyles. Thus, there is a strong need to further pursue mechanisms of inactivity-related neuroplasticity in the RVLM.
A Machine Learning Approach to First Pass Reperfusion in Mechanical Thrombectomy: Prediction and Feature Analysis.

Abstract Introduction Novel machine learning (ML) methods are being investigated across medicine for their predictive capabilities while boasting increased adaptability and generalizability. In our study, we compare logistic regression with machine learning for feature importance analysis and prediction in first-pass reperfusion. Methods We retrospectively identified cases of ischemic stroke treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) at our institution from 2012–2018. Significant variables used in predictive modeling were demographic characteristics, medical history, admission NIHSS, and stroke characteristics. Outcome was binarized TICI on first pass (0-2a vs 2b-3). Shapley feature importance plots were used to identify variables that strongly affected outcomes. Results Accuracy for the Random Forest and SVM models were 67.1% compared to 65.8% for the logistic regression model. Brier score was lower for the Random Forest model (0.329 vs 0.342) indicating better predictive capability. Other supervised learning models performed worse than the logistic regression model, with accuracy of 56.2% for Naive Bayes and 61.6% for XGBoost. Shapley plots for the Random Forest model showed use of aspiration, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, use of stent retriever, and time between symptom onset and catheterization as the top five predictors of first pass reperfusion. Conclusion Use of machine learning models, such as Random Forest, for the study of MT outcomes, is more accurate than logistic regression for our dataset, and identifies new factors that contribute to achieving first pass reperfusion. The benefits of machine learning, such as improved predictive capabilities, integration of new data, and generalizability, establish ML as the preferred model for studying outcomes in stroke.
Is repeated reading evidence-based? A review of the literature

Repeated reading (RR) is an established and extensively researched intervention which has been shown to improve reading fluency and comprehension. However, past reviews have found the rigor of the ...
How coronavirus disease will change the face of travel medicine.

Purpose of review The current article will review how the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has changed travel and travel medicine. Recent findings Travelers spread severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 globally and continue to spread variants. The characteristics of the virus, the place, and time created a perfect storm that allowed the virus to quickly spread globally. The virus spread by every mode of travel with risk of transmission influenced by proximity to an infected person, duration of trip, physical characteristics of the space, and ventilation. Superspreading events were common; a small percentage of infected people accounted for most of transmission. The travel and tourist industry was devastated as lockdowns and quarantines severely restricted domestic and international travel. A trip includes multiple segments and shared sequential spaces, mostly indoors. Creating safe travel requires attention to all segments of a trip. Summary The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has affected every part of travel and travel medicine. The rapid development of multiple safe and effective vaccines and their deployment is allowing resumption of travel, yet many populations lack access to vaccines, and high levels of transmission continue in many areas. Providing documentation of vaccination or immunity in a consistent, verifiable, interoperable system is one of many active issues.
The Effect of Nighttime Rental Restrictions on E-Scooter Injuries at a Large Urban Tertiary Care Center

Safety policy for e-scooters in the United States tends to vary by municipality, and the effects of safety interventions have not been well studied. We reviewed medical records at a large, urban tertiary care and trauma center in Atlanta, Georgia with the goal of identifying trends in e-scooter injury and the effects of Atlanta's nighttime ban on e-scooter rentals on injuries treated in the emergency department (ED). Records from all ED visits occurring between June 2018 through August 2020 were reviewed. To account for ambiguity in medical records, confidence levels of either "certain" or "possible" were assigned using a set of predefined criteria to categorize patient injuries as being associated with an e-scooter. A total of 380 patients categorized as having certain e-scooter related injuries were identified. The average age of these patients was 31 years old, 65% were male, 41% had head injuries, 20% of injuries were associated with the built environment, and approximately 20% were admitted to the hospital. Approximately 19% of patients with injuries associated with e-scooters noted to be clinically intoxicated or have a serum ethanol level exceeding 80 mg/dL. The implementation of a nighttime rental ban on e-scooter rentals reduced the proportion of patients with e-scooter injuries with times of arrival during the hours of the ban from 32% to 22%, however this effect was not significant (p = 0.16). More research is needed to understand how e-scooter use patterns are affected by the nighttime rental ban.
Variation in the metabolic rates of captive harbour seals

Background: harbour seals show distinct circannual rhythms in body mass, energy intake, rectal temperatures, and plasma thyroxine levels. It was predicted that these cycles maybe concurrent with seasonal changes in their metabolism. Methods: the resting metabolic rates of six captive harbour seals (Phoca vitulina concolor) were estimated monthly, over 18 months. Metabolism was measured using open-circuit gas (indirect) calorimetry. Results: metabolic rates varied during the year, but all the seals exhibited a similar pattern. Metabolism was highest in April and August, and lowest in June and November. There was a 35% decrease between periods of highest and lowest metabolism. There was also a general decline in the yearly mean metabolic rate with seal age. The yearly mean metabolic rate of the eldest male and the female did not differ from that predicted for terrestrial mammals. Conclusions: as predicted, the periods of high and low metabolism corresponded to observed periods of high energy utilization and conservation, respectively. Although a number of physiological and behavioural factors are controlled for when estimating metabolism, failure to account for possible temporal changes may lead to substantial errors.
Dynamic Analysis of Elasto-Plastic Structures

Numerical method for determining response of elasto-plastic structure of finite number of degrees of freedom to dynamic loads by high speed digital computer; damping, either linear or nonlinear, may exist; method consists of numerical integration combined with matrix solution for elasto-plastic constraints; epecial case of multi-story elasto-plastic structure responding to lateral dynamic forces.
Alicia Rodriguez and How Money Matters for Academic Learning

Many children living in low-income communities do not face struggles in school. Many learn quickly and easily. But for some students, living in a high poverty communities and attending underfunded schools has consequences that can make learning difficult. In this paper, Compton-Lilly draws on the words of a parent living in a low-income community to explore how economic challenges affected the schooling of her daughter over a ten year period. As the following accounts reveal, Ms. Rodriguez, an African American, low-income parent, was extremely committed to her daughterΓCOs learning and school progress. Furthermore, Ms. Rodriguez brought a thoughtful and informed critique to her childrenΓCOs school experience that reveals the multiple ways that money affects academic learning.
Community dynamics in the lab

This paper studies the dynamics of community formation when members differ substantially in their returns from voluntary local public good provision. Laboratory experiments are conducted to examine how agents relocate in response to both community provision and membership composition, as well as how the growth and stability of communities are dictated by moving costs and crowding. When the public good is congestible, such that returns are lower for larger populations, I find communities are characterized by instability, cyclical fluctuations in local provision, and a dynamic in which low demanders continually chase high demanders through locations. When congestion is eliminated, subjects with different returns do sometimes co-exist. Yet chronic, inefficient movement persists, suggesting that instability is driven by intrinsic preferences for community composition, as well as by sensitivity to congestion.
Cointegration of DNA Molecules Introduced into Mammalian Cells by Electroporation

Electroporation was used to introduce a mixture of two plasmid-cloned genes into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, and the location of the two genes was subsequently determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The 25 kb Chinese hamster gene for dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) in the form of a cosmid-derived 40 kb BglI fragment and the SV40 promoter-driven E. coli gene for guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (gpt) were co-electroporated and gpt+transfectants selected. Clones that had also integrated a single copy of the dhfr gene were studied by 2-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to localize the integration site(s) of the exogenous DNA in metaphase chromosomes. All 9 clones examined showed co-localization of the two transgenes. The chromosomal site of integration was different in each clone. Co-integration was confirmed by co-amplification experiments. We conclude that, even when provided at low concentrations, separate soluble DNA molecules become linked upon gene transfer by electroporation, either by intracellular ligation prior to integration, or by co-integration at a common site in a given recipient cell.
Induction of muscle pioneers and floor plate is distinguished by the zebrafish no tail mutation

Dorsal mesoderm is thought to provide important signals for axis formation and neural differentiation in vertebrate embryos. We have examined induction and patterning in a zebrafish mutant, no tail, that lacks a derivative of dorsal mesoderm, the notochord. Despite the absence of a differentiated notochord, development of the central nervous system including floor plate appears normal, likely owing to the presence of notochord precursor cells. In contrast, somites are misshapen, and muscle pioneer cells are absent. Wild-type cells transplanted into mutant hosts can autonomously differentiate into notochord and thereby rescue somitic defects, suggesting that interactions between notochord and paraxial mesoderm are necessary for proper somite patterning. Thus, cells derived from dorsal mesoderm may have multiple signaling functions during zebrafish embryogenesis.
A scanning electron microscopic investigation of accessory foramina in the furcation and pulp chamber floor of molar teeth

Abstract Observations of the pulp chamber floor and furcation surface of human maxillary and mandibular first and second molars were made with the scanning electron microscope to determine the incidence, size, and location of patent accessory foramina. Accessory foramina on both the pulp chamber floor and the furcation surface were found in 36% of maxillary first molars, 12% of maxillary second molars, 32% of mandibular first molars, and 24% of mandibular second molars. Mandibular teeth had a higher incidence (56%) of foramina involving both the pulp chamber floor and furcation surface than did the maxillary teeth (48%).
RECOVERY AFTER LOCAL EXTINCTION: FACTORS AFFECTING RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF ALPINE LAKE ZOOPLANKTON

The introduction of fishes into naturally fishless mountain lakes often results in the extirpation of large-bodied zooplankton species. The ability to predict whether or not particular species will recover following fish removal is critically important for the design and implementation of lake restoration efforts but is currently not possible because of a lack of information on what factors affect recovery. The objective of this study was to identify the factors influencing recovery probability in two large-bodied zooplankton species following fish removal. We predicted that (1) Daphnia melanica would have a higher probability of recovery than Hesperodiaptomus shoshone due to differences in reproductive mode (D. melanica is parthenogenetic, H. shoshone is obligately sexual), (2) recovery probability would be a decreasing function of fish residence time due to the negative relationship between fish residence time and size of the egg bank, and (3) recovery probability would be an increasing function of lake depth as a consequence of a positive relationship between lake depth and egg bank size. To test these predictions, we sampled contemporary zooplankton populations and collected paleolimnological data from 44 naturally fishless lakes that were stocked with trout for varying lengths of time before reverting to a fishless condition. D. melanica had a significantly higher probability of recovery than did H. shoshone (0.82 vs. 0.54, respectively). The probability of recovery for H. shoshone was also significantly influenced by lake depth, fish residence time, and elevation, but only elevation influenced the probability of recovery in D. melanica. These results are consistent with between-species differences in reproductive mode combined with the much greater longevity of diapausing eggs in D. melanica than in H. shoshone. Our data also suggest that H. shoshone will often fail to recover in lakes with fish residence times exceeding 50 years.
Broadening and shift of the sodium D2 line by various perturbing gases under flame conditions

Abstract The broadening and shift of the sodium D2 line emitted from an acetylene-oxygen flame with N2, Ar, CO2 and He, respectively, as the perturbing gases have been investigated using a Fabry-Perot interferometer. In the case of He, the results show a significant deviation from values calculated on the basis of Lindholm's impact broadening theory when a van der Waals potential is assumed for the interaction between emitter and perturber. An attempt is made to describe the experimental results by the named theory with a Lennard-Jones potential. The constants of the van der Waals and repulsive forces between the sodium emitter and the helium atom are evaluated.
An iterative multidisciplinary analysis for rotor blade shape determination

A CFD solver called ADPAC-APES is coupled with a NASTRAN structural analysis and a MARC thermal/heat transfer analysis to determine rotor blade shape. Nonlinear blade displacements due to centrifugal loads, aerodynamic pressures, and nonuniform temperature distribution are determined simultaneously. The effect of blade displacements on aerodynamic pressures and temperatures is then analyzed. These calculations are iterated till a steady state is reached across all the disciplines. This iterative procedure is applied to a ducted fan rotor blade and the manufactured shape is determined from a given operating shape. Effect of a part-span shroud on blade deflections is also analyzed.