cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptation Problems among Adolescent Immigrants from Korea, Mexico and Poland

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to explore the adaptation problems of Korean, Mexican, and Polish first and one-and-a-half generation adolescent immigrants residing in Midwestern U.S. The study was based on 16 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with teenagers and young adults from the metro Chicago and Champaign-Urbana, IL areas. Three main themes were identified with respect to adaptation problems among adolescent immigrants. First, the interviewees spoke of problems they experienced in their schools, including lack of English fluency, negative interactions with teachers and other school personnel, and drawbacks of bi-lingual education. Second, they discussed issues surrounding their family relations after immigration. Family separation, inadequate interactions with parents following arrival, and intergenerational conflict were the main problems identified by the interviewees. Lastly, adolescents commented on their peer relationships that hindered their adaptation, including discrimination by ...
The Roles of Quality, Value, and Satisfaction in Predicting Cruise Passengers’ Behavioral Intentions:

The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationships between satisfaction, perceived value, and quality in their prediction of intentions to repurchase and positive word of mouth publicity. These constructs have been examined from three distinctly different perspectives, resulting in three competing models. Thus, the satisfaction model, perceived value model, and quality model were utilized to assess which one best explains cruise passengers’behavioral intentions. Results revealed that the quality model most accurately fit the data and that quality was the best predictor of intentions to repurchase. Quality was found to have both a moderated and direct effect on behavioral intentions. Specific theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Maintenance of Luteal Function in the Cow

Abstract A series of experiments conducted over a period of several years has provided the following evidence that LH plays a major role in stimulating corpus luteum growth and progesterone synthesis in cattle: Purified bovine LH and other LH-containing preparations overcome the inhibitory effects of concurrently injected oxytocin on luteal tissue weight, progesterone content, and concentration; whereas, other pituitary hormones, including prolactin, FSH, and growth hormone are incapable of overcoming the inhibitory effects of oxytocin. Single injections of purified bovine LH in Freund's adjuvant given at mid-cycle significantly prolong the functional life span of the corpus luteum and lengthen the estrous cycle. LH-containing preparations and crude bovine anterior pituitary extracts significantly increase corpus luteum weights and progesterone contents in hysterectomized heifers. The administration of equine anti-bovine LH serum causes partial regression of corpora lutea in hysterectomized heifers. Incubation of LH-containing preparations with urea abolishes their luteotropic properties. Progesterone synthesis in vitro by bovine luteal tissue slices is stimulated by purified bovine LH. The reaction is highly sensitive, specific, and is inhibited by addition of equine anti-bovine LH serum.
Local Behavior of Solutions of Some Elliptic Equations

We study the local behavior of solutions of some nonlinear elliptic equations. These equations are of interest in differential geometry and mathematical physics.
β-Cell dysfunction under hyperglycemic stress: a molecular model.

Background:Pancreatic β cells respond to chronic hyperglycemia by increasing the synthesis of proinsulin (the precursor molecule of insulin). Prolonged stimulations lead to accumulation of misfolded proinsulin in the secretory track, delayed insulin secretion, and release of unprocessed proinsulin in the blood. The molecular mechanisms connecting the state of endoplasmic reticulum overloading with the efficiency of proinsulin to insulin conversion remain largely unknown.Method:Computer simulations can help us to understand mechanistic features of the β-cell secretory defect and to design experiments that may reveal the molecular basis of this dysfunction. We used molecular crowding concepts and statistical thermodynamics to dissect possible biophysical mechanisms underlying the alteration of the secretory track of β cells and to elucidate the chemistry aspects of the secretory dysfunction. We then used numerical algorithms to relate the degree of biophysical alteration of these secretory compartments with...
Style and information: An analysis of Susiana ceramics

Abstract Style is viewed as a mode of communication that signals social group identification and helps to maintain boundaries between social groups. A theoretical framework is developed which relates changes in social messaging in the stylistic mode to changes in the sociopolitical organization of chiefly societies. Observable changes in style are specified for situations in which sociopolitical organization becomes more complex through an increase in horizontal differentiation of social units, as well as those in which complexity increases through vertical differentiation. A methodology for quantifying changes in stylistic complexity, using two measures of redundancy and the information statistic H , is outlined. A specific proposition relating changes in sociopolitical and stylistic complexity in chiefly societies is tested using painted ceramic bowls from several late sixth and fifth millennium B.C. sites on the Susiana Plain in Iran.
Direct Measurement of the Velocity Autocorrelation Function for a Brownian Test Particle

The velocity autocorrelation function is measured directly for the first time for one Brownian test particle in nitrogen at two different densities. The persistence of the autocorrelation is more pronounced than predicted on the basis of the modified Langevin equation. The measured distribution for the Brownian displacement shows a considerable departure from the Gaussian distribution at both densities.
Common Law in Action: the Prosecution of Felonies and Misdemeanors*

This paper draws attention to the common-law distinction between felonies and misdemeanors. It asks whether this distinction, when drawn on the level of formal criminal procedure, has its counterpart on the informal level, in the use of different criteria to decide whether and how to prosecute the defendant. Analysis of data from the District of Columbia indicates that the felony-misdemeanor distinction clearly conditions the role of both legally relevant and irrelevant factors, but not in the simple straightforward way initially hypothesized. The paper concludes with a discussion of the empirical and theoretical implications of the findings.
Is use of smokeless tobacco a risk factor for cigarette smoking? The U.S. experience.

Some researchers are promoting the use of smokeless tobacco as safer than cigarette smoking and as a possible method for quitting smoking, but smokeless tobacco might be a gateway drug that leads to smoking, and the availability and marketing of smokeless tobacco may keep smokers from quitting. This study assessed 4-year initiation rates of smokeless tobacco use and cigarette smoking in relation to each other and examined switching between the products. Data were from the 1989 Teenage Attitudes and Practices Survey and its 1993 follow-up study, comprising a nationally representative U.S. cohort of 7,960 people aged 11-19 years at baseline. Analyses were limited to males with complete data on smoking and smokeless tobacco use at both interviews (n=3,996). Young males who were not smokers in 1989 but regularly used smokeless tobacco were more than three times as likely as never users to be current smokers 4 years later (23.9% vs. 7.6%), adjusted OR=3.45 (95% CI=1.84-6.47). In contrast, 2.4% of current smokers and 1.5% of never smokers at baseline became current regular smokeless tobacco users by follow-up. More than 80% of baseline current smokers were still smokers 4 years later, and more than 40% of baseline current regular smokeless tobacco users became smokers either in addition to or in place of smokeless tobacco use. It appears that smokeless tobacco may be a starter product for subsequent smoking among young U.S. males but may have little effect on quitting smoking.
Expanded Very Large Array Observations of the 6035 MHz OH Masers in ON 1

This Letter reports on initial Expanded Very Large Array (EVLA) observations of the 6035 MHz masers in ON 1. The EVLA data are of good quality, lending confidence in the new receiver system. Nineteen maser features, including six Zeeman pairs, are detected. The overall distribution of 6035 MHz OH masers is similar to that of the 1665 MHz OH masers. The spatial resolution is sufficient to unambiguously determine that the magnetic field is strong (about -10 mG) at the location of the blueshifted masers in the north, consistent with Zeeman splitting detected in 13441 MHz OH masers in the same velocity range. Left- and right-circularly polarized ground-state features dominate in different regions in the north of the source, which may be due to a combination of magnetic field and velocity gradients. The combined distribution of all OH masers toward the south is suggestive of a shock structure of the sort previously seen in W3(OH).
Spectral analysis of large-eddy simulations of the convective boundary layer

Abstract To examine the fidelity of the simulated turbulent flow, we analyzed the spectra of 96×&96×96 large-eddy-simulation results. We derived expressions for the inertial-range spectra of a filtered wind field, compared our computed spectra with the theoretical predictions, and drew two main conclusions. First, the wave cutoff filter is more appropriate for our large-eddy-simulation model than the Gaussian filter. Second, only a certain combination of the subgrid-scale parameters for the dissipation rate and eddy viscosity provides good inertial-range spectra. We offer an explanation for the unreasonably large sugrid temperature and moisture variances reported in Deardorff's 1974 lame-eddy-simulation results, and show that moment statistics up to third order are not sensitive to moderate changes in the subgrid-scale parameters.
22.3: A Reflective‐Type Carbon Nanotube Field Emission Display

A 3.5-inch, 60×120 pixels, reflective-type carbon nanotube emitter field-emission display has been fabricated by thick-film process. A seven-segment numerical indicator showing digit image was also demonstrated using opposed diode structure as comparison. The technical development, including design and fabrication of the nanotube emitters, phosphor, and vacuum package process was described.
Electron transport properties of bilayer graphene

Electron transport in bilayer graphene is studied by using a first-principles analysis and the Monte Carlo simulation under conditions relevant to potential applications. While the intrinsic properties are found to be much less desirable in bilayer than in monolayer graphene, with significantly reduced mobilities and saturation velocities, the calculation also reveals a dominant influence of extrinsic factors such as the substrate and impurities. Accordingly, the difference between two graphene forms is more muted in realistic settings, although the velocity-field characteristics remain substantially lower in the bilayer. When bilayer graphene is subject to an interlayer bias, the resulting changes in the energy dispersion lead to stronger electron scattering at the bottom of the conduction band. The mobility decreases significantly with the size of the generated band gap, whereas the saturation velocity remains largely unaffected.
Structure of a DOTAP Lipid Bilayer: A Concerted Neutron Scattering and Molecular Dynamics Study

Non-phospholipid, cationic 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP) lipid based membranes fail to support the function of a voltage-dependent K+ channel due to the lack of a phosphate group (Schmidt et al., Nature 444, 775-779, 2006). However, the specific effects of the presence or absence of phosphate groups in the channel membrane environment on the voltage-sensing mechanism remain unknown. Before addressing the question of why DOTAP is not a suitable membrane environment for Kv channels, a detailed structural characterization of the pure DOTAP lipid bilayer system is required. Here, we employ molecular dynamics simulations in combination with neutron scattering experiments for a detailed atomistic study of a DOTAP lipid bilayer. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations of DOTAP bilayer at 9.4 waters/lipid were performed at constant pressure and temperature. One-dimensional structural data obtained from the neutron scattering experiments is used to validate the molecular dynamics simulations, which in turn provide the structural details at the atomistic level. We also compare the properties such as alkyl chain order parameter, area per lipid, and headgroup hydration, packing and orientation for a DOTAP lipid bilayer to zwitterionic phospholipid bilayers and propose the underlying physical-chemical reasons for the differences observed.Acknowledgments: The work is supported in part by NIH grants GM74637 and GM86685, a NSF grant, and computational resources from TeraGrid project.
Antinociceptive effects and toxicity of morphine-6-O-sulfate sodium salt in rat models of pain

Mu-opioids (i.e. morphine, oxycodone, hydrocodone) are considered to be the primary drugs for treatment of moderate to severe acute, chronic and cancer pain. Despite their analgesic effectiveness they have several clinically significant side-effects (cognitive, motor, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal). They also have a limited spectrum of action, being more effective for nociceptive than neuropathic pain. In an effort to identify other opioid analgesics with greater effectiveness in mixed pain states and with a better side-effect profile compared to the classical mu-opioid agonist, morphine, a relatively little-known morphine derivative, morphine-6-O-sulfate, was characterized using a range of well-established rodent pain models. The present data demonstrated that morphine-6-O-sulfate was efficacious after several routes of administration, including neuroaxial (intrathecal), parenteral (intraperitoneal) and oral in the rat. It showed potent, dose-related, analgesic activities against acute nociceptive pain (the tail flick test), neuropathic pain (chronic constriction nerve injury hyperalgesia and allodynia) and inflammatory pain (formalin test). It had a good separation based on dose (at least 10-fold) between side-effects (incoordination, hypolocomotion, inhibition of gastrointestinal motility) and analgesia in all models of pain tested. In addition, morphine-6-O-sulfate had a more favorable potency ratio for delay of gastrointestinal transit and analgesia when compared to morphine. These preclinical findings suggest that morphine-6-O-sulfate is a potential candidate for development as a novel opioid for management of nociceptive, neuropathic and mixed pain states.
Selenalysine utilization for growth and protein synthesis by a lysine requiring E. coli mutant

Selenalysine can be utilized in substitution of lysine by a lysine requiring E. coli mutant. The presence of some lysine in the culture medium is necessary to allow selenalysine utilization for growth; in the presence of an excess of lysine, selenalysine is not utilized. When utilized, selenalysine gives rise to an increase of final growth. However, it shows some toxic effects as demonstrated by the decrease of both growth rate and cell viability. Selenalysine is incorporated into proteins in substitution of lysine. Up to a maximum of 50% of total protein lysine can be substituted. The decrease of cell viability is correlated with the extent of lysine substitution.
Neighborhood racial composition and trajectories of child self-rated health: an application of longitudinal propensity scores.

Children function within multiple socio-environmental contexts including family, school, and neighborhood. The role each of these contexts play in determining well-being is dynamic and changes throughout early-middle childhood. Recent literature on neighborhood context and health suggests that the life-course processes involved in building trajectories of health are not adequately captured in cross-sectional analysis, which has been the empirical focus of much of the research in this area. In this study we use a nationally representative longitudinal sample of approximately 21,400 United States school children derived from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K) survey to examine the impact of longitudinal measures of neighborhood racial composition on child self-rated health between kindergarten and 8th grade. We employ two-level multilevel longitudinal logistic regression models with time-varying propensity scores to examine variation in the initial status and trajectories of child self-rated health between kindergarten and 8th grade. Since the ECLS-K tracked child mobility over time, we are able to model the impact of changes in neighborhood racial composition. We find significant differences in initial poor self-rated health by child race, household socioeconomic status and parental marital status but no evidence of a change in trajectory of health over time. Using time-varying propensity scores, we find no effect of neighborhood racial composition on initial health status or health status trajectories.
Adenosine: Differential effect on blood flow to subregions of the upper gastrointestinal tract

Abstract The potential of adenosine to regulate organ blood flow (ml/min/100 g tissue) in the intact rabbit upper alimentary tract was evaluated using the radioactive microsphere technique. Adenosine (1.0 μmole/kg/min) produced significant, greater than threefold increases in esophageal mucosal blood flow (37 ± 2 to 127 ± 47) and threefold increases in antral mucosal (39 ± 3 to 144 ± 24) and transmural small intestinal blood flow (duodenum, 60 ± 13 to 187 ± 22; jejunum, 42 ± 3 to 138 ± 16; ileum, 27 ± 2 to 80 ± 22). Inosine did not reproduce these effects. P 1 -purinergic receptor antagonism with theophylline blocked the effects of adenosine. 5′-( N -Ethylcarboxamido)adenosine, an agonist of A 2 -subtype, P 1 -purinergic receptors, increased gastrointestinal organ blood flow similarly to adenosine with nmole/ kg/min doses. Similar doses of the A 1 -subtype agonist, N 5 -cyclohexyladenosine, were ineffective, but μmole/kg/min doses produced small effects on esophageal mucosa and ileum. Our results indicate that in rabbit alimentary organs, adenosine preferentially increases blood flow to esophageal mucosa, antral mucosa, and small intestine. Its effects are mediated by the A 2 -subtype of P 1 -purinergic receptors.
Newborn cardiac and behavioral orienting responses to sound under varying precedence-effect conditions

The precedence effect is an auditory illusion produced by playing a sound through two loudspeakers with one loudspeaker output delayed relative to the other. Adults report hearing a single sound located at the leading loudspeaker. Research with animals indicates that the auditory cortex is essential for perceiving the precedence effect. In a previous study newborns did not reliably turn their heads toward precedence-effect sounds produced by a 7 msec delay interval, but did turn toward the same sounds presented through a single loudspeaker. To determine if variation in temporal delays would affect head turning, 24 alert newborns were presented with three precedence-effect stimuli produced by a 5, 20, and 50 msec delay interval. The same sound presented from a single loudspeaker served as the control stimulus. In addition to head orientation to sound, heart rate was measured to investigate the relationship between cardiac and behavioral orienting. Infants correctly turned toward sound from the single loudspeaker but did not turn toward any of the precedence-effect stimuli. Cardiac deceleration was obtained only on trials unaccompanied by head turns. When head turns occurred, there was no reliable cardiac response.
Irradiation behavior of poco graphites

Abstract Results are reported for irradiation testing of a high density (1.8 g/cm 3 ) and low density (1.5 g/cm 3 ) grade of Poco graphite at temperatures from 400 to 1400°C up to maximum exposures of 14 × 10 21 n/cm 2 . The graphites behave isotropically under irradiation and show improved dimensional stability over conventional nuclear graphites. An attempt is made to relate the unusual irradiation behavior of the material to its microstructure.
Carbon powder and fiber-supported polyoxometalate catalytic materials. Preparation, characterization, and catalytic oxidation of dialkyl sulfides as mustard (HD) analogues

We report here a prototype material for the sustained catalytic decontamination of mustard analogues with the ultimate goal being the fabrication of self-decontaminating clothing. H5PV2Mo10O40 (1) can be supported on carbon cloths as well as powders, with 1/Ambersorb 572 being the best material (high catalytic activity and low desorption of 1). Evaluation of the desorption of 1 from six carbon supports indicates that the PPAN (pyrolyzed polyacrylonitrile) and Ambersorb 572 materials are highly effective at retaining the immobilized 1 even under catalytic conditions (oxidation of tetrahydrothiophene, THT, by tert-butyl hydroperoxide, TBHP). The products of THT oxidation, tetrahydrothiophene oxide (THTO) and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), inhibit the reaction at high conversions; however, the catalytic activity can be restored by heating in a vacuum oven to 80 °C. The reactivity for oxidation of four different thioethers by TBHP catalyzed by 1 supported on hydrophobic (Ambersorb 563) and hydrophilic (Ambersorb 5...
Ovarian endocrine activity and development of ovarian follicles during the postpartum interval in beef cows

Abstract To assess differences between multiparous and primiparous beef cows, largest follicle diameter, serum estradiol-17β (E2) and progesterone (P4) were monitored during the postpartum interval. Beginning 6–10 days postpartum, nine primiparous and 10 multiparous Angus cows underwent ovarian ultrasonography and jugular venipuncture every 48 h until cows either exhibited a normal estrous cycle or, owing to the ending of breeding season, first estrus. No difference was observed in average daily gain (±s.d.) for primiparous and multiparous cows (0.76±0.27 and 0.51±0.43 kg, respectively). Within 2 weeks postpartum, 5–10 mm follicles were found in all cows. The interval from appearance of the first follicle ≥ 14 mm to ovulation was longer (P 115 day, n=5) postpartum intervals were likely to have an increase in largest follicle diameter after parturition. Achieving an ovulatory size follicle (≥ 14 mm) is no indication of impending estrus in primiparous cows as it may be in multiparous cows. In addition, we found no difference in mean largest follicle diameter between primiparous and multiparous cows during the postpartum interval or first postpartum estrous cycle.
On the definition of the natural frequency of oscillations in nonlinear large rotation problems

Computational multibody system algorithms allow for performing eigenvalue analysis at different time points during the simulation to study the system stability. The nonlinear equations of motion are linearized at these time points, and the resulting linear equations are used to determine the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the system. In the case of linear systems, the system eigenvalues remain the same under a constant coordinate transformation; and zero eigenvalues are always associated with rigid body modes, while nonzero eigenvalues are associated with non-rigid body motion. These results, however, cannot in general be applied to nonlinear multibody systems as demonstrated in this paper. Different sets of large rotation parameters lead to different forms of the nonlinear and linearized equations of motion, making it necessary to have a correct interpretation of the obtained eigenvalue solution. As shown in this investigation, the frequencies associated with different sets of orientation parameters can differ significantly, and rigid body motion can be associated with non-zero oscillation frequencies, depending on the coordinates used. In order to demonstrate this fact, the multibody system motion equations associated with the system degrees of freedom are presented and linearized. The resulting linear equations are used to define an eigevalue problem using the state space representation in order to account for general damping that characterizes multibody system applications. In order to demonstrate the significant differences between the eigenvalue solutions associated with two different sets of orientation parameters, a simple rotating disk example is considered in this study. The equations of motion of this simple example are formulated using Euler angles, Euler parameters and Rodriguez parameters. The results presented in this study demonstrate that the frequencies obtained using computational multibody system algorithms should not in general be interpreted as the system natural frequencies, but as the frequencies of the oscillations of the coordinates used to describe the motion of the system.
A Streptokinase Cofactor in Human Platelets.

ConclsionsHuman platelets together with streptokinase and bovine serum euglobulin produce a potent fibrinolysin. In the absence of any one of these 3, no fibrinolysis is observed.
Very Low-Temperature, Gram-Scale Synthesis of Monodisperse BaTiO3 Nanocrystals via an Interfacial Hydrolysis Reaction

A vapor diffusion sol-gel method is reviewed for the preparation of high-quality BaTiO3 nanocrystals on the gram scale at very low temperatures. The synthesis is based on the kinetically controlled introduction of water into a solution of the bimetallic alkoxide, BaTi(O2C4H9)6, where slow hydrolysis then occurs at the vapor-solution interface followed by nucleation and nanocrystal growth at 16 °C. The resulting 6-nm, quasi-spherical nanocrystals are both monodisperse (without stabilizing agents or size selecting purification) and highly crystalline (without any post-synthesis heat treatment), and are isolated in yields near 100%. Based on new permittivity and calorimetry data, the crystal structure of the nanocrystals is most likely in the paraelectric cubic phase (space group Pm3m) at room temperature, which corroborates previous diffraction data. It was also demonstrated that the BaTiO3 nanocrystals can be doped with trivalent lanthanum cations using the same low-temperature vapor diffusion sol-gel method to yield donor-doped Ba1−xLaxTiO3, which exhibits a considerable PTCR effect.
Specificity of acceptor binding to Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512F dextransucrase: Binding and acceptor-product structure of α-methyl-d-glucopyranoside analogs modified at C-2, C-3, and C-4 by inversion of the hydroxyl and by replacement of the hydroxyl with hydrogen

The specificity of acceptor binding to the active site of dextransucrase was studied by using α-methyl-d-glucopyranoside analogs modified at C-2, C-3, and C-4 positions by (a) inversion of the hydroxyl group and (b) replacement of the hydroxyl group with hydrogen. 2-Deoxy-α-methyl-d-glucopyranoside was synthesized from 2-deoxyglucose; 3- and 4-deoxy-α-methyl-d-glucopyranosides were synthesized from α-methyl-d-glucopyranoside; and α-methyl-d-allopyranoside was synthesized from d-glucose. The analogs were incubated with [14C]sucrose and dextransucrase, and the products were separated by thin-layer chromatography and quantitated by liquid scintillation spectrometry. Structures of the acceptor products were determined by methylation analyses and optical rotation. The relative effectiveness of the acceptor analogs in decreasing order were 2-deoxy, 2-inverted, 3-deoxy, 3-inverted, 4-inverted, and 4-deoxy. The enzyme transfers d-glucopyranose to the C-6 hydroxyl of analogs modified at C-2 and C-3, to the C-4 hydroxyl of 4-inverted, and to the C-3 hydroxyl of 4-deoxy analogs of α-methyl-d-glucopyranoside. The data indicate that the hydroxyl group at C-2 is not as important for acceptor binding as the hydroxyl groups at C-3 and C-4. The hydroxyl group at C-4 is particularly important as it determines the binding orientation of the α-methyl-d-glucopyranoside ring.
The Gene Expression Barcode: leveraging public data repositories to begin cataloging the human and murine transcriptomes

Various databases have harnessed the wealth of publicly available microarray data to address biological questions ranging from across-tissue differential expression to homologous gene expression. Despite their practical value, these databases rely on relative measures of expression and are unable to address the most fundamental question--which genes are expressed in a given cell type. The Gene Expression Barcode is the first database to provide reliable absolute measures of expression for most annotated genes for 131 human and 89 mouse tissue types, including diseased tissue. This is made possible by a novel algorithm that leverages information from the GEO and ArrayExpress public repositories to build statistical models that permit converting data from a single microarray into expressed/unexpressed calls for each gene. For selected platforms, users may upload data and obtain results in a matter of seconds. The raw data, curated annotation, and code used to create our resource are also available at http://rafalab.jhsph.edu/barcode.
Aneurysmal bone cyst of the ethmoid

Although nearly 500 cases of aneurysmal bone cyst have been recorded in the English literature, involvement of the facial bone is uncommon. To our knowledge, this is the first case of extragnathic, facial aneurysmal bone cyst to be reported in the English literature. A left ethmoid aneurysmal bone cyst was found in a 20-year-old pregnant woman who had a 5-month history of progressive left periorbital swelling, left cystic nasal mass, progressive nasal obstruction, blurred vision, and occasional diplopia. The diagnostic evaluation included a sinus series, facial lamiograms, and an EMI scan. Needle aspirates taken frequently from the intranasal cyst consisted of a dark bloody fluid. The surgical procedure, using external rhinotomy approaches, pathologic findings, and a literature review are presented.
Helmet use among Alaskan children involved in off-road motorized vehicle crashes

Background . Off-road motorized vehicle crashes are a common source of trauma among Alaska children. Injury morbidity is worse in Alaska Native children than non-Native children, but the reasons are unclear. Objective . To evaluate the differences in helmet use between the Native and the non-Native children, and to assess the impact of helmet use on injury patterns and outcomes. Design . This retrospective cohort study identified patients aged 17 or younger admitted after all-terrain vehicle, snowmobile or motorbike injury between 2001 and 2011 from the Alaska Trauma Registry. Helmeted and non-helmeted patients were compared with respect to demographics, central nervous system (CNS) injury and the overall risk of death or permanent disability. Logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors of helmet use and the effects of ethnicity and helmet use on outcomes. Results . Of the 921 injured children, 51% were Alaska Native and 49% were non-Native. Helmet use was lower among Native versus non-Native patients on unadjusted comparison (24% vs. 71%) and multivariable logistic regression (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.11–0.27, p<0.0001). Prevalence of CNS injury was higher among Native children (39.7% vs. 30.4%, p=0.016). However, on logistic regression with adjustment for helmet use, Native ethnicity was not a significant predictor of CNS injury (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.68–1.68, p=0.78), whereas helmet use was strongly protective against CNS injury (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.18–0.44, p<0.0001) as well as death or permanent disability (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.10–0.67, p=0.006). Conclusions . Helmet use is lower among Alaska Native children involved in off-road motorized vehicle crashes. These ethnic disparities in helmet use contribute to higher rates of CNS injury among Native children. Helmet use significantly improves overall outcome. Helmet promotion efforts should be expanded, especially in Native communities. Keywords: helmet; traumatic brain injury; all-terrain vehicle; snowmobile; motorbike; Alaska (Published: 16 September 2014) Citation: Int J Circumpolar Health 2014, 73 : 25191 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v73.25191
Critical reflection of plane waves in the time domain

The transient response of a hypothetical network that exhibits a frequency-independent phase shift is considered. This occurs, for example, in a physical configuration involving critical reflection of plane waves. For such a system, at a given point in space, the response may precede the applied force. This leads to an apparent (but not a real) violation of causality.
Childhood abuse and recovery from major depression

Thirty-eight female inpatients with major depression were assessed for childhood abuse. History of abuse was examined in relation to recovery from a major depressive episode over a 12-month follow-up period. Forty-six percent of the women had a history of childhood abuse. Women without a history of abuse were 3.7 times more likely to have recovered by 12 months.
A "bag of tricks" for web usability

Web usability is a somewhat elusive concept. We think most people would agree that there is no magic "formula" or set of rules to follow that will guarantee a usable web site in all circumstances. Consequently, it's critical to have a comprehensive "bag of tricks" for evaluating the usability of any given web site. The purposes of this SIG are to share some of these evaluation techniques that we have found useful, to stimulate group discussion about what works and what doesn't, and to identify additional techniques.
Cancer and pH—A Prospective

How can cancer develop in so many different organs in so many different ways, but the outcome is similar enough to all be under the same title—cancer? There are so many causes of cancer—viruses, genetic defects, sunburn, gastroesophageal reflux, smoking, alcohol, radiation, chemicals, etc. The above variable well known etiologies of cancer could all induce a need for repair which involves alkalinizing the cells involved. Thus the commonality for cancers could be a pH change. If true, this could give the field of cancer prevention and therapy new avenues of pursuit.
East-West Trade: The View from the United States

Many factors contribute to the trade surplus enjoyed by the United States in its foreign trade with the communist countries of Europe and Asia. Most studies of East-West Trade have focused on the problems of entering communist markets and/or the potential market in these countries. This paper focuses on one of the factors that may be a long-term inhibiter (or stimulant) to increased U.S. imports of goods from communist countries; that is, consumer perceptions of products from Eastern Europe and the People's Republic of China. Our results indicate that there is a market in the United States for goods from communist countries and that there are identifiable segments of the population that are willing to purchase from these countries and would support increased trade relations.
A heat pipe model for vertical, magma-filled conduits

Abstract A 5-m radius magma-filled conduit will solidify in much less than one year if heat losses to the conduit wall are not offset by some form of forced or free convection of magma from some source body through the conduit. If the forced convection of magma from a source through the conduit is either too weak or is prevented by closure of the conduit at the end nearest the surface, only free convective circulations between the source chamber and conduit are available to balance the wall heat loss. Using an integral approach, the efficiency of free convection is investigated for conduits emplaced in both conductive and hydrothermally convective host rock environments. The results of the model strongly suggest that free circulations within conduits of large aspect ratio provide an efficient mechanism for offsetting heat losses to the conduit wall. The model provides a possible explanation for the occurrence of periodic eruptions from a conduit when the periodicity greatly exceeds the time scale for the cooling of a quiescent conduit by heat loss through the wall.
A two-dimensional air-to-air combat game - Toward an air-combat advisory system

Air-to-air combat is modeled as a discrete differential game, and by constraining the game to searching for the best guidance laws from the sets of those considered for each opponent, feedback and outcome charts are obtained which can be used to turn one of the automatic opponents into an intelligent opponent against a human pilot. A one-on-one two-dimensional fully automatic, or manned versus automatic, air-to-air combat game has been designed which includes both attack and evasion alternatives for both aircraft. Guidance law selection occurs by flooding the initial-condition space with four simulated fights for each initial condition, depicting the various attack/evasion strategies for the two opponents, and recording the outcomes. For each initial condition, the minimax method from differential games is employed to determine the best choice from the available strategies.
The pretreatment weighting technique.

A common procedure that is frequently used in perceptual studies interested in group differences (e.g., young vs. aged) involves initially equating all subjects in a pretreatment condition by differentially weighting the subjects on a particular stimulus dimension. The experimental treatment of interest is then introduced to these equal-baseline groups. The present article questions the general validity of this procedure by focusing on the critical assumption that the pretreatment weighting and the experimental treatment are independent. A research example is included demonstrating that differentially weighting individuals in order to produce equal-baseline performance may, in fact, provide the basis for later performance differences under the experimental treatment.
Hydrology's natural history

In a recent TREE book review on the natural history of amphibians1, the reviewer wrote that we cannot fully appreciate an animal without an intimate knowledge of its natural history, and as external pressures on amphibians grow, so too does the value of this knowledge. Scaling up this logic from organisms to water provides a context for E.C. Pielou's most recent book, Fresh Water. It is an unusual natural history because the author is not interested in a group of organisms nor a particular ecosystem, but instead focuses on the pools and fluxes that make up the inland component of the hydrological cycle.
Metastable Defects and Stretched Exponentials

Metastability of defects in semiconductors provides the basis for (1)An integrated picture of defects that includes the DX center in crystalline III-V compounds, the dangling-bond defect in amorphous Si, and “self-compensation” effects in II-VI compounds. The unifying physical property is the ability of many foreign atoms to have two nearly equal-energy sites, one with a shallow electronic level and the other with a deep level. (2)Elucidation of stretched-exponential kinetics in these materials, including the first demonstrable microscopic model for them. This stretched-exponential model is a distribution of independent response times.
The impact of associational membership on political engagement: A comparative investigation of Brazil and India

While membership in civic associations is regarded as an instrument of political engagement, literature has largely ignored the diversity of associations. In an empirical investigation of Brazil and India, we find that membership in social and political associations affects political engagement differently, and in addition, political interest influences political engagement.
Auxiliary and focal assessment models: a proof-of-concept involving time-varying catchability and fishery stock-status evaluation

Many assessment models evaluate stock status, and biases can arise when time-varying processes are modelled as being time-invariant. An “auxiliary/focal” assessment process is presented, where an “auxiliary” assessment model estimates functional parameters that are used in a “focal” assessment of stock status. This process is evaluated in two steps. First, estimates of density-dependent catchability from single- or multispecies auxiliary models are compared, confirming that multispecies auxiliary models are more accurate when catch-at-age data are abundant. Possible output from the multispecies auxiliary assessment is then used in a focal model, and the results are compared with four other methods: (i) assuming that catchability is constant, (ii) ignoring fishery-dependent indices, (iii) a random-walk catchability model, and (iv) estimating density-dependent catchability without prior information. Results show that the constant catchability model leads to non-conservative biases in stock-status estimates, and a random-walk model decreases bias and has high precision when age data are available. The auxiliary/focal procedure performs best when fishery indices are used without age data, and the density-dependent model without prior information performs well with fishery and survey indices, but without age data. Different methods are optimal, therefore, depending on data availability, and the auxiliary/focal assessment process performs best of the available methods when using just fishery-dependent indices.
Dorsal rotation flap for centralization in radial longitudinal deficiency.

Purpose The purpose of this report is to present the results of a dorsal rotation flap for centralization in the treatment of radial longitudinal deficiency. Methods All patients surgically treated for radial longitudinal deficiency with a centralization procedure and use of the dorsal rotation flap between 1996 and 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. Results Twenty-one limbs in 15 patients treated with centralization using the dorsal rotation flap were reviewed, with photographs of the scar available for review for 15 limbs in 10 patients. There were no primary wound-healing problems, no hypertrophic scarring, and no color mismatch. In the 15 limbs with available photographs, all scars were rated as good. Use of this incision allowed good surgical access to the necessary structures on the radial and ulnar side of the wrist to allow for centralization. Conclusions The dorsal rotation flap allows rotation of the skin in a radial direction while the hand and carpus are rotated in an ulnar direction; the redundant skin on the ulnar side of the wrist is rotated to compensate for the shortage of skin on the radial side of the wrist. This report describes use of the dorsal rotation flap with no complications attributable to the surgical approach. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
Use Condition Characterization of MLCCs

Capacitors play an important role in the analysis and design of power delivery networks for packages and printed circuit boards. Accurate characterization of multilayer ceramic capacitors is needed to understand product operation. A key aspect of multilayer ceramic capacitor is characterization at the user's expected operation conditions. Literature is widely available to illustrate capacitor performance as a function of a single operating condition. This paper will introduce a method to characterize capacitors while applying multiple operating conditions simultaneously. As well as application of the appropriate operating conditions, it is critical to represent the measured response with a precise model. This paper will also introduce a higher-order model that is comparatively simple to implement, yet allows accurate representation of capacitor behavior over the frequency of interest.
Exploring the multiple-GPU design space

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have been growing in popularity due to their impressive processing capabilities, and with general purpose programming languages such as NVIDIA's CUDA interface, are becoming the platform of choice in the scientific computing community. Previous studies that used GPUs focused on obtaining significant performance gains from execution on a single GPU. These studies employed low-level, architecture-specific tuning in order to achieve sizeable benefits over multicore CPU execution. In this paper, we consider the benefits of running on multiple (parallel) GPUs to provide further orders of performance speedup. Our methodology allows developers to accurately predict execution time for GPU applications while varying the number and configuration of the GPUs, and the size of the input data set. This is a natural next step in GPU computing because it allows researchers to determine the most appropriate GPU configuration for an application without having to purchase hardware, or write the code for a multiple-GPU implementation. When used to predict performance on six scientific applications, our framework produces accurate performance estimates (11% difference on average and 40% maximum difference in a single case) for a range of short and long running scientific programs.
Digital Forensics Educational Needs in the Miami Valley Region

We have surveyed information technology employees in the corporate environment of the Miami Valley to gauge the interest in transitioning a graduate level digital forensics course to a community college setting. Specifically, we were interested whether a digital forensics security course at the community college level would fill a need in corporate security processes. The survey results indicate that companies and IT employees in the region have a need for and are interested in an accessible digital forensics course. Additionally, the results identify specific needs a digital forensics course can fill. Meeting these needs will then become the primary focus of the course.
Species Specificity of Monoclonal Antibodies to Human Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) is expressed abundantly by osteoclasts and is required for bone resorption. This enzyme is emerging as an important biomarker in bone pathology, both for histochemical identification of osteoclasts and as a serum marker of osteoclast activity and increased bone turnover. Rat and mouse models are becoming popular systems for studying osteoclast development, bone physiology and morphogenesis, and bone diseases such as osteoporosis. We have developed two unique antibodies to human TRAP purified from hairy cell leukemia spleen. Both antibodies (9C5 and 14G6) are suitable for immunohisto-chemistry of osteoclasts and macrophages. Only one (14G6) is capable of immunoprecipitating active TRAP from human cell lysates. Antibody 9C5 reacts with a denatured epitope of TRAP while antibody 14G6 probably reacts with a native, conformational determinant. The high degree of homology among TRAPs of various species predicts that these antibodies should be suitable for work in exper...
Scintillation Performance of Aliovalently-Doped ${\rm CeBr}_{3}$

Strengthening the crystal lattice of lanthanide halides, which are brittle, anisotropic, ionic crystals, may prove to increase the availability and ruggedness of these scintillators for room-temperature gamma-ray spectroscopy applications. Eight aliovalent dopants for CeBr3 were explored in an effort to find the optimal aliovalent strengthening agent. Eight dopants, CaBr2, SrBr2, BaBr2, ZrBr4, HfBr4, ZnBr2, CdBr2, and PbBr2, were explored at two levels of doping, 500 and 1000 ppm. From each ingot, samples were harvested for radioluminescence spectrum measurement and scintillation testing. Of the eight dopants explored, only BaBr2 and PbBr2 were found to clearly decrease total light yield. ZnBr2 and CdBr2 dopants both affected the radioluminescence emission spectrum very little as compared to undoped CeBr3. HfBr4- and ZnBr2-doped CeBr3 exhibited the highest light yields.