cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Finite-temperature magnetism in fractional quantum Hall systems: the composite-fermion Hartree-Fock approximation and beyond

Using the Hamiltonian formulation for composite fermions developed recently, the temperature dependence of the spin polarization is computed for the translationally invariant fractional quantum Hall states at ν = 1/3 and ν = 2/5 in two steps. In the first step, the effect of particle-hole excitations on the spin polarization is computed in a composite-fermion Hartree-Fock approximation. The computed magnetization for ν = 1/3 lies above the experimental results for intermediate temperatures indicating the importance of long-wavelength spin fluctuations which are not correctly treated in the Hartree-Fock approximation. In the second step, spin fluctuations beyond the Hartree-Fock approximation are included for ν = 1/3 by mapping the problem onto the coarse-grained continuum quantum ferromagnet. The parameters of the description in terms of the effective continuum quantum ferromagnet are extracted from the preceding Hartree-Fock analysis. After the inclusion of spin fluctuations in a large-N approach, the results for the finite-temperature spin polarization are in quite good agreement with the experiments.
Adolescent Mothers' Attitudes toward Contraceptive Use before and after Pregnancy

Abstract Study Objective To understand attitudes and beliefs influencing use and nonuse of contraceptive methods pre- and postpartum among a group of adolescent mothers. Design and Setting Qualitative descriptive study utilizing focus groups conducted between May, 2005 and January, 2006 in Central Massachusetts. Participants Adolescent mothers attending a federally funded multi-professional medical program. Inclusion criteria included being at least one year postpartum. Forty-six mothers were eligible; 34 were successfully contacted via telephone. Twenty-two agreed to attend; 15 adolescent mothers attended one of four groups. Main Outcome Measure Emergent themes were identified concerning adolescent mothers' attitudes and beliefs regarding contraception pre and postpartum. Results Themes pertaining to nonuse of contraception prior to first pregnancy were: denial, not planning to have sex, not considering the consequences of unprotected sex, and wanting to become pregnant. Participants identified barriers to obtaining and utilizing contraception, including embarrassment discussing the topic, confidentiality, inability to obtain contraception without parental knowledge, and lack of knowledge regarding methods. Participants reported that convenience, perceived effectiveness, familiarity, and side effects were the primary reasons for selecting or changing a method of contraception postpartum and recommended several methods of promoting contraceptive use among adolescents. These included persuading health care providers to discuss the issue routinely with every adolescent patient, parental involvement, outreach by young mothers to at-risk teens, and media campaigns. Conclusions Given the adverse consequences of adolescent pregnancy, understanding the attitudes and beliefs of postpartum adolescents regarding contraceptives is important for developing effective interventions. Focus groups conducted with adolescent mothers, a difficult population to engage, provide a venue for exploring this complex issue.
Some recent developments in the use of electromyography in speech research.

This paper describes current instrumental methods of obtaining and processing electromyographic data for the study of speech. Methods described include electrode systems, data reduction operations;...
Mining Trajectories for Spatio-temporal Analytics

Mining high resolution trajectories from moving vehicles can provide insightful analytics and enable location based decision making. In this paper, we introduce a trajectory mining prototype system to generate the trajectory heat map at aggregated level for the online spatial-temporal analytics. The proposed method is scalable and efficient since we develop a mechanism using a small subset of trajectory points to capture all trajectory patterns. We experimentally verified the applicability and scalability of this system with large scale real world dataset.
Nonconical optimality conditions: Some additional results

The purpose of the present note is to provide a somewhat more flexible statement of the sufficiency conditions in Section 4 of Ref. 1 and to give explicit statements of the fundamental necessity and sufficiency results, which were only implicitly presented there. The additional flexibility is obtained by considering local, rather than global, pseudoconcavity requirements.
Comparison of vasoconstrictors for functional endoscopic sinus surgery in children.

Three different vasoconstricting agents were evaluated during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in 57 children. Oxymetazoline hydrochloride 0.05%, phenylephrine hydrochloride 0.25%, or cocaine 4% was applied to the nasal mucosa in a prospective, randomized, double-blind fashion. Heart rate and blood pressure changes were recorded 5 and 10 minutes after application of the study vasoconstrictor to each nostril. The surgeon's subjective impressions of bleeding and visualization were recorded for each side of the nose, as were total blood loss and anesthesia time. Although all three vasoconstrictors were tolerated well by the children, there was a suggestion that heart rate decreased more at 5 minutes with phenylephrine than with oxymetazoline or cocaine (P = .08) and that blood pressure increased more at 10 minutes with phenylephrine than with oxymetazoline or cocaine (P = .1). No arrhythmias were noted. Subjective scoring for bleeding showed that children receiving oxymetazoline were less likely to receive scores of "more" bleeding than usual (3/38 vs. 10/34 for phenylephrine and 10/35 for cocaine, P less than .02). Subjective scoring for visualization showed that children receiving oxymetazoline were also less likely to receive scores of "worse" visualization than usual (3/38 vs. 12/38 for phenylephrine and 9/35 for cocaine, P less than .01). There was no difference in surgical bleeding or visualization between children receiving phenylephrine and children receiving cocaine. In our institution, 0.05% oxymetazoline is the preferred vasoconstrictor for FESS in children.
Modeling of surface blowing as an anti-icing technique for aircraft surfaces

An analysis of a proposed possible anti-icing technique applicable to aircraft surfaces has been studied and is described herein. Air injection at the leading edge of an ice-accreting surface is used to reduce and/or eliminate ice collection by preventing the supercooled water droplets in the atmosphere from impinging on the surface. In this envisioned technique, a discrete stream of fluid (air) is injected into the mainstream through slots located oh the cylinder surface. The modified flow around the surface produces modified droplet trajectories, deflecting the droplets away from the surface. Exact mathematical expressions for the velocities are obtained from potential flow theory. Droplet trajectories are obtained for a variety of surface blowing conditions. It was found that for a given cylinder diameter, freestream velocity, droplet size, and injection, there is an optimum slot location for which the injection has its maximum effect, i.e., minimum water collection and subsequent ice accretion. The effect of injection rate as well as the number of slots on the collection efficiency are also investigated.
The association of restrained eating with weight change over time in a community-based sample of twins.

We investigated the association of restrained eating with BMI and weight gain while controlling for the influence of genes and shared environment. Participants were 1,587 twins enrolled in the University of Washington Twin Registry (UWTR). Restrained eating was assessed by the Herman and Polivy Restraint Scale. Height and weight were self-reported on two occasions. Analyses used generalized estimating equations or multiple linear regression techniques. Restraint Scale scores were positively associated with both BMI (adjusted β = 0.39 kg/m2; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.34–0.44; P < 0.001) and weight gain (adjusted β = 0.33 pounds; 95% CI = 0.17–0.49; P < 0.001). High Restraint Scale scorers had an adjusted mean BMI of 27.9 kg/m2 (95% CI = 27.4–28.4) as compared to intermediate (mean = 25.5 kg/m2; 95% CI = 25.2–25.8) and low scorers (mean = 23.0 kg/m2; 95% CI = 22.7–23.3). In within-pair analyses among 598 same-sex twin pairs, the adjusted association between Restraint Scale scores and BMI persisted even when genetic and shared environmental factors were controlled for (adjusted β = 0.18; 95% CI = 0.12–0.24; P < 0.001), as did the association with weight gain (adjusted β = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.13–0.61; P = 0.003). In stratified analyses, dizygotic (DZ) twins differed more in BMI for a given difference in the Restraint Scale score than monozygotic (MZ) twins, for whom genetics are 100% controlled (adjusted β = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.20–0.44 vs. adjusted β = 0.10; 95% CI = 0.04–0.16; P = 0.001 for test of interaction). These data demonstrate that observed relationships between BMI, weight gain, and restrained eating, as assessed by the Restraint Scale, have a strong environmental influence and are not solely due to shared genetic factors.
Using avidin‐mediated binding to enhance initial endothelial cell attachment and spreading

Binding between the protein avidin and the vitamin biotin was used as an extrinsic, high affinity receptor–ligand system to augment the intrinsic integrin-dependent cellular adhesion mechanism. Glass substrates were coupled with avidin receptors through an adsorbed film of biotinylated bovine serum albumin (b-BSA). The avidin-treated slides then were seeded with biotinylated bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). A 3:1 ratio of BSA:b-BSA provided the best results in terms of specific cellular attachment, growth, and spreading. Control surfaces consisted of bare glass or glass with adsorbed BSA. Attachment of unmodified BAEC to glass decreased in the presence of anti-β1 integrin antibody. Adhesion of biotinylated BAEC to avidin-treated slides was not affected by anti-β1 integrin antibody, consistent with integrin-independent avidin-mediated adhesion. The initial rate of cell spreading was greatest for avidin–biotin-mediated adhesion (80.0 ± 25.6 μm2/h), followed by integrin-dependent cellular adhesion on plain glass (35.7 ± 7.7 μm2/h) and, finally, by adhesion on BSA-coated protein surfaces (10.2 ± 0.3 μm2/;h). Biotinylated and unmodified BAEC, cultured for 1 h in serum-containing media, were subjected to laminar flow in a variable-height flow chamber that provided a range of shear stresses from 0.2 to 75 dynes/cm2. The critical shear stress required to detach 50% of the cells in serum-containing media increased from 4.6 ± 0.8 dynes/cm2 for integrin-dependent adhesion to 12.6 ± 1.2 dynes/cm2 for avidin–biotin-mediated adhesion. Avidin-mediated attachment for biotinylated BAEC increased initial cellular spreading rates and strength of attachment (i.e., at 1 h) by a factor of two and three, respectively. These results support the hypothesis that integrin-mediated cell attachment and spreading can be enhanced using high affinity integrin-independent binding. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 40, 57–65, 1998.
Osteoclast 121F antigen expression during osteoblast conditioned medium induction of osteoclast-like cells in vitro : relationship to calcitonin responsiveness, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase levels, and bone resorptive activity

Osteoclast differentiation from hematopoietic precursors into multinucleated cells uniquely capable of removing the organic and inorganic components of bone matrix occurs in multistep process, during which osteoclasts acquire the specialized characteristics necessary for bone resorptive activity and physiological regulation. Among those traits is a novel plasma membrane glycoprotein, reactive with the anti-osteoclast monoclonal antibody 121F, which is expressed during the course of osteoclast differentiation, shares structural and functional homologies with Mn2+/Fe2+ superoxide dismutase, and has been hypothesized to protect the osteoclast from the damaging effects of superoxide radicals generated during active bone resorption. We have reported previously that the expression of this membrane antigen is induced on multinucleated giant cells when the prefusion marrow mononuclear cells are cultured in conditioned medium from avian calvaria. The studies reported here were designed to investigate the relationship between expression of the 121F antibody-reactive osteoclast membrane antigen and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase levels, bone resorptive activity, calcitonin responsiveness, and ultrastructural features of avian bone marrow-derived multinucleated giant cells formed either in the presence or absence of diffusible osteoblast secreted factors. Parallel analyses of in vivo formed osteoclasts isolated from the same animals were performed for direct comparisons. In this report we demonstrate: (1) that the 121F monoclonal antibody-reactive osteoclast membrane antigen is stably induced in giant cells by soluble osteoblast-derived factors in a species nonrestricted but concentration- and temporal-dependent manner; (2) that osteoblast-mediated antigen induction is reflected in both increased numbers of cells and elevated expression of individual cells that are reactive with the 121F antibody, as determined by ELISA and histomorphometry; (3) that osteoblast conditioned medium, in addition to inducing this antigen in bone marrow cells, also elevates other defining osteoclast characteristics in these avian giant cells including their TRAP activity, cell retraction from the bone surface in response to calcitonin, bone resorptive function, and expression of a series of additional osteoclast antigenic markers; and (4) that secreted osteoblast products alone do not raise the levels of these traits for in vitro formed marrow giant cells to the extent associated with in vivo formed osteoclasts. Therefore, osteoblast soluble factors alone appear unable to promote the full differentiation of bone marrow cells in vitro into mature bone-resorbing osteoclasts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Some aspects of neuromuscular blockade by polymyxin B.

Abstract The effects of calcium gluconate, neostigmine, d -tubocurarine, succinylcholine, and heparin on the neuromuscular paralysis caused by polymyxin B sulfate were examined using the sciatic nerve-gastrocnemius muscle preparation of the rabbit; and dose-response studies were made of the paralyzing action of polymyxin B in mice. Neither calcium gluconate nor neostigmine effectively antagonized polymyxin B-induced paralysis. Small doses of d -tubocurarine and succinylcholine increased the paralysis produced by polymyxin B. Heparin antagonized the neuromuscular blocking action of polymyxin B, and to some extent polymyxin B antagonized the anticoagulant effect of heparin.
Endoscopic Management of Infected Enlarged Prostatic Utricles and Remnants of Rectourethral Fistula Tracts of High Imperforate Anus

AbstractPurpose: Infected enlarged prostatic utricles and infected remnant fistula tracts of high imperforate anus are usually managed by a suprapubic, transtrigonal or posterior sagittal approach. We describe a minimally invasive endoscopic approach to these entities.Materials and Methods: We treated 12 patients with infected enlarged prostatic utricles and 4 with infected remnant fistula tracts using endoscopic techniques. Specifically a resectoscope with a bulb electrode or a cystoscope with a Bugby electrode was used to fulgurate circumferentially the dilated utricle or remnant fistula. After fulguration a Councill catheter was placed in the lesion for 3 to 5 days and urine was diverted via a suprapubic tube for 2 to 3 weeks. Obliteration of the abnormality was verified by a voiding cystourethrogram.Results: Using this technique median postoperative hospital stay was 2 days (range 0 to 7). The enlarged prostatic utricle or remnant fistula tract was completely obliterated in 87% of the cases (62% after...
Dose Equivalence of Immediate-Release Hydromorphone and Once-Daily Osmotic-Controlled Extended-Release Hydromorphone: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial Incorporating a Measure of Assay Sensitivity

Abstract Dose selection of a once-daily, osmotic-controlled extended-release (ER) hydromorphone assumes that this drug and immediate-release (IR) hydromorphone are dose equivalent. This trial evaluated dose equivalence using a measure of assay sensitivity. Patients were converted to open-label IR hydromorphone, underwent dose titration, and those on a satisfactory dose entered a randomized, double-blind phase receiving 7 days of: 1) hydromorphone IR 5 times/day at approximately this dose; 2) once-daily hydromorphone ER at this dose; or 3) once-daily hydromorphone ER at one-half this dose. Efficacy was measured using breakthrough medication use, pain, sleep, and global assessments. Of 148 patients, 113 (76%) were randomized. IR and full-dose ER groups produced comparable effects on all measures. Although the prespecified primary analysis of the difference in total daily dose of breakthrough medication between the full-dose ER and half-dose ER groups was not significant, more patients in the half-dose ER group required an increase in breakthrough medication ( P = .026) and the half-dose ER group both increased the number of breakthrough doses ( P = .026) and had greater percent change in the total daily dose of breakthrough medication ( P = .037) than the full-dose group, suggesting that switching from IR to ER hydromorphone at the same daily dose provides equivalent analgesia. Perspective In a randomized, double-blind trial, the same total daily dose of immediate-release hydromorphone and once-daily osmotic-controlled extended-release hydromorphone had comparable effects. Detection of different effects between blinded dose levels was used as a measure of assay sensitivity. The measure of assay sensitivity can enhance the interpretation of dose equivalence or noninferiority trials.
Navigating Middle Grades: Role of Social Contexts in Middle Grade School Climate

During early adolescence, most public school students undergo school transitions, and many students experience declines in academic performance and social-emotional well-being. Theories and empirical research have highlighted the importance of supportive school environments in promoting positive youth development during this period of transition. Despite this, little is known about the proximal social and developmental contexts of the range of middle grade public schools US students attend. Using a cross-sectional dataset from the eighth grade wave of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Kindergarten Cohort 1998–1999, the current study examines the middle grade school social context from the perspectives of administrators and teachers in public schools with typical grade configurations (k–8 schools, middle schools, and junior high schools) and how it relates to students’ perceptions of school climate. We find that administrators and teachers in k–8 schools perceive a more positive school social context, controlling for school structural and demographic characteristics. This school social context, in turn, is associated with students’ perceptions of their schools’ social and academic climate. Implications for educational policy and practice are discussed.
Calculation of the displacement distance for a three‐choice cubic lattice chain

The matrix procedure of Hoeve for the chain displacement length calculation is applied to a three-choice cubic lattice model. Although rotation about each link is correlated, the model is simple enough for the final result to be obtained as a closed algebraic expression. Certain special cases, resulting from particular assignments of the probability parameters, are examined.
Utilization of Active Microwave Roughness Measurements to Improve Passive Microwave Soil Moisture Estimates Over Bare Soils

Investigators have researched operational microwave techniques for the remote estimation of soil moisture for sometime now. Both active and passive microwave sensors respond to variations in soil moisture, but also respond to vegetation and roughness parameters. This has led to research in multisensor techniques which account for the interference. Previously, techniques have been developed which used visible and infrared bands (similar to Landsat) to compensate for the vegetation masking on the L-band passive radiometer's response to soil moisture. In contrast, this study compensates for the surface roughness effect by using microwave scatterometer data on the same L-band radiometer. It was found that the L-band radiometer's capability to estimate soil moisture over bare fields was significantly improved when surface roughness was accounted for with scatterometers.
Metabolic syndrome amplifies the age-associated increases in vascular thickness and stiffness

Abstract Objectives We sought to evaluate whether the clustering of multiple components of the metabolic syndrome (MS) has a greater impact on these vascular parameters than individual components of MS. Background Intima-media thickness (IMT) and vascular stiffness have been shown to be independent predictors of adverse cardiovascular events. The MS is defined as the clustering of three or more of the cardiovascular risk factors of dysglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Methods Carotid IMT and stiffness were derived via B-mode ultrasonography in 471 participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging, who were without clinical cardiovascular disease and not receiving antihypertensive therapy. Results The MS conferred a disproportionate increase in carotid IMT (+16%, p Conclusions Even after taking into account each individual component of MS, the clustering of at least three of these components is independently associated with increased IMT and stiffness. This suggests that the components of MS interact to synergistically impact vascular thickness and stiffness. Future studies should examine whether the excess cardiovascular risk associated with MS is partly mediated through the amplified alterations in these vascular properties.
Analysis and optimization of a phase shifter controlled by a piezoelectric transducer

This paper introduces a method for analyzing and optimizing a phase shifter controlled by a piezoelectric transducer (PET). To analyze the multilayer microstrip structure of the PET-controlled phase shifter, new equivalent single-layer (ESL) equations for the phase shift and loss calculations are developed and confirmed with spectral-domain analysis (SDA) of the moment method. A parametric analysis is accomplished with ESL equations and SDA, and optimization guidelines are suggested. An optimized PET phase shifter is demonstrated to operate up to 40 GHz with a maximum total loss of 4 dB and phase shift of 480/spl deg/. Measured results agree very well with calculations showing substantially smaller control voltage, size, and dispersion, as compared to previously published data. This new analysis and optimization technique for the PET-controlled phase shifter should be useful in the design of phased-array antennas and tunable microwave circuits.
Recent Progress in the Characterization of Avian Enteric Viruses

SUMMARY Despite the importance of the poultry gut, remarkably little is known about the complex gut microbial community. Enteric disease syndromes such as runting-stunting syndrome in broiler chickens and poult enteritis complex in young turkeys are difficult to characterize and reproduce in the laboratory. A great deal of work has been done to characterize the bacterial population in the poultry gut, leading to useful performance-based interventions such as direct-fed microbial preparations. Advances in the application of rapid molecular diagnostics and the advent of the next generation of nucleic acid sequencing have allowed researchers to begin to decipher the microbial community in complex environmental samples. Researchers have made great strides recently in placing names to some of the unknown and undescribed small viruses in the poultry gut such as parvoviruses, picornaviruses, picobirnavirus, and calicivirus. Investigation into the novel avian astroviruses continues, and recent progress has been m...
Design of waveguide finline arrays for spatial power combining

Dense arrays of tapered-slot or finline transitions have proven useful in the design of compact spatial power combiners. In this paper, a design procedure is established for tapered finline arrays, providing a broad-band impedance match to a target load over the waveguide band. The procedure is based on an extension of the Klopfenstein optimal taper design to non-TEM waveguiding structures, and employs the spectral-domain method for the computation of propagation constants in the array structure. The method has been experimentally verified for a small X-band array. Data are also presented, which show that insertion loss in the finline arrays is independent of the number of array elements, assuming the designs are optimized for the desired return-loss characteristics in each case.
FLOWERING LOCUS C Encodes a Novel MADS Domain Protein That Acts as a Repressor of Flowering

Winter-annual ecotypes of Arabidopsis are relatively late flowering, unless the flowering of these ecotypes is promoted by exposure to cold (vernalization). This vernalization-suppressible, late-flowering phenotype results from the presence of dominant, late-flowering alleles at two loci, FRIGIDA (FRI) and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). In this study, we report that flc null mutations result in early flowering, demonstrating that the role of active FLC alleles is to repress flowering. FLC was isolated by positional cloning and found to encode a novel MADS domain protein. The levels of FLC mRNA are regulated positively by FRI and negatively by LUMINIDEPENDENS. FLC is also negatively regulated by vernalization. Overexpression of FLC from a heterologous promoter is sufficient to delay flowering in the absence of an active FRI allele. We propose that the level of FLC activity acts through a rheostat-like mechanism to control flowering time in Arabidopsis and that modulation of FLC expression is a component of the vernalization response.
Thoughts on the design in the engineering technology curriculum

The author summarizes results, opinions, and approaches from prior ASEE conferences on how design and projects should be incorporated into the engineering technology curriculum. Various points of view are considered-individual versus group projects, small projects in each class versus special project courses, and single-major versus mixed-major students group. It is concluded that a wide range of student skills can be refined by incorporating projects into the curriculum, skills such as communication, teamwork, and endurance of minor defeat. >
Generation of higher harmonics in a self-oscillating mixing layer-wedge system

The unsteady upstream influence associated with insertion of an impingement wedge in an unstable mixing layer is shown to enhance the coherence at the fundamental frequency of vortex formation, and to produce welldefined higher harmonics in a manner strikingly similar to artificial excitation of the corresponding nonimpinging flow. Each of the higher harmonic components grows at a rate 1.6 times that of the fundamental component, agreeing well with strong nonlinear interaction theory. Furthermore, assuming a state of quasiamplitude equilibrium at each streamwise station, the absolute value of each of the higher harmonic components was obtained from the Stuart perturbation model; the first harmonic amplitudes agree well with predicted values. At amplitude equilibrium, there is also very favorable agreement. Finally, a spectral analysis of the unsteady velocity expression of the Stuart model allowed comparison of measured and predicted velocity spectra; there is good agreement in both amplitude and shape of the spectra away from the center (y0f5) of the shear layer.
Publishing your residency project.

![Figure][1] As you make the transition from a pharmacy residency program to full-fledged practice, one way to contribute to the profession is through publishing. Why publish? To contribute to the overall body of literature on which we base our practice. One objective of an ASHP-accredited
From the National Academies

Our nation turns to the National Academies—the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council—for independent, objective advice on issues that involve one or more aspects of science or technology. Typical examples of the Academies' work are the initial study that formulated the Human Genome Project in 1988 (http://www.nap.edu/catalog/1097.html), the year 2000 report Enhancing the Postdoctoral Experience for Scientists and Engineers (http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9831.html), and the recent report Making the Nation Safer: The Role of Science and Technology in Countering Terrorism (http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10415.html).
Hunter perceptions and acceptance of alternative deer management regulations

Wildlife managers are often confronted with a policy paradox where a majority of the public supports an outcome, but there is no agreement on specific management strategies to achieve this outcome. Previous research has also reported a link between regulatory acceptance, hunter satisfaction, and hunter participation rates. Thus, human dimensions research aimed at understanding hunter motivations and behavior is needed for effective management. In 2005, we surveyed Minnesota (USA) deer hunters (n ¼ 6,000; 59% response) to evaluate attitudes regarding alternative deer (Odocoileus virginianus) harvest regulations. We also conducted a series of forced choice experiments in which respondents were asked to select an option from a list of representative regulations that might be adopted to achieve a particular deer management goal. Specifically, we modeled 5 deer population scenarios ranging from low populations with high buck-harvest rates to populations 50% over goal density. Our results indicate that hunters preferred different regulations depending on the population scenario, but generally preferred antler-point restrictions and disliked limiting buck licenses through a lottery. We also found consistency among scenarios, in that a small percentage of respondents indicated they would not hunt if regulations were changed. The results from this study should help wildlife managers design deer harvest regulations that are both acceptable to hunters and achieve management objectives. 2011 The Wildlife Society.
The era of ultrasonography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Abstract Background The use of ultrasound cholangiography during cholecystectomy has been well described. This study was undertaken to assess the use of the umbilical port exclusively for ultrasound and to assess its employment on the use of fluoroscopy resources. In addition, we also looked at the increased use of ultrasound from 2000 to 2004. Methods The use of imaging techniques during all cholecystectomies was analyzed from January 2000 to July 2001 for one surgeon and compared with that surgeon’s present use from January 2004 to June 2004. Patient demographics, intraoperative finding, and postoperative results were reviewed. Results During the first study period, ultrasound was used in 29% of 189 laparoscopic cholecystectomies. During 2004, ultrasound was used in 77% of 66 laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Throughout both periods, fluoroscopy was only used during 6 laparoscopic common bile duct explorations (2.4% of all cases). There were no false-positive or -negative ultrasounds, and there were no bile duct injuries. Conclusions As experience with ultrasound cholangiography increases, there is little indication for fluoroscopic cholangiography except for rare questions concerning anatomy and during therapeutic maneuvers for common bile duct stones.
Supporting an integrated paper-digital workflow for observational research

The intertwining of everyday life and computation, along with a new generation of inexpensive digital recording devices and storage facilities, is revolutionizing our ability to collect and analyze human activity data. Such ubiquitous data collection has an exciting potential to augment human cognition and radically improve information-intensive work. In this paper we introduce a system to aid the process of data collection and analysis during observational research by providing non-intrusive automatic capture of paper-based annotations. The system exploits current note-taking practices and incorporates digital pen technology. We describe the development, deployment and use of the system for interactive visualization and annotation of multiple stream of video and other types of time-based data.
Design of simulation and analytical models for a 2D-meshed asymmetric adaptive router

A robust network-on-chip (NoC) architecture is presented for a 2D mesh topology that uses wormhole routing with finite first-in-first-out (FIFO) buffer-based links and a minimal adaptive routing algorithm. In designing this NoC architecture, basic network problems such as dead- lock/livelock freedom and high throughput are considered. Additionally, some issues related with actual VLSI implementation, such as design complexity and simplicity of routing algorithm, are evaluated. To verify its efficiency, a simulation-based performance evaluation and an analytical method are used. In simulation, we compare our works with other designs using standard traffic patterns used in the literature. Also a new analytical performance model is proposed. Unlike previous wormhole and adaptive routing models, the model introduced copes with variable node buffer size as well as message length under uniform random traffic pattern. The analytical model is validated by comparing with the simulation-based model using the same traffic pattern. Major contribution here is the design of two different performance models for the proposed router in NoC architecture. Specifically, a simple and accurate analytical model for NoC communication for standard applications includes the effect of variable node buffer size as well as the message length. This is the first attempt in proposing an accurate analytical model for adaptive routers.
Mechanism of estrogen-mediated attenuation of hepatic injury following trauma-hemorrhage: Akt-dependent HO-1 up-regulation

Protein kinase B (Akt) is known to be involved in proinflammatory and chemotactic events in response to injury. Akt activation also leads to the induction of heme oxygenase (HO)-1. Up-regulation of HO-1 mediates potent, anti-in- flammatory effects and attenuates organ injury. Although studies have shown that 17-estradiol (E2) prevents organ damage following trauma- hemorrhage, it remains unknown whether Akt/ HO-1 plays any role in E2-mediated attenuation of hepatic injury following trauma-hemorrhage. To study this, male rats underwent trauma-hemor- rhage (mean blood pressure, 40 mmHg for 90 min), followed by fluid resuscitation. At the onset of resuscitation, rats were treated with vehicle, E2 (1 mg/kg body weight), E2 plus the PI-3K inhibitor (Wortmannin), or the estrogen receptor (ER) an- tagonist (ICI 182,780). At 2 h after sham opera- tion or trauma-hemorrhage, plasma -GST and hepatic tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, IL-6, TNF-, ICAM-1, cytokine-induced neutro- phil chemoattractant-1, and MIP-2 levels were measured. Hepatic Akt and HO-1 protein levels were also determined. Trauma-hemorrhage in- creased hepatic injury markers (-GST and MPO activity), cytokines, ICAM-1, and chemokine lev- els. These parameters were markedly improved in the E2-treated rats following trauma-hemorrhage. E2 treatment also increased hepatic Akt activation and HO-1 expression compared with vehicle- treated, trauma-hemorrhage rats, which were abolished by coadministration of Wortmannin or ICI 182,780. These results suggest that the salu- tary effects of E2 on hepatic injury following trauma- hemorrhage are in part mediated via an ER-related, Akt-dependent up-regulation of HO-1. J. Leukoc. Biol. 82: 1019-1026; 2007.
Genetic engineering of dendritic cells to express immunosuppressive molecules (viral IL-10, TGF-beta, and CTLA4Ig).

There is growing evidence that, in addition to their role as initiators of immune responses, dendritic cells (DC) can exhibit tolerogenic properties. Immature DC deficient in cell surface costimulatory/accessory molecules can prolong organ and pancreatic islet allograft survival, whereas in vitro manipulation of DC by exposure to a variety of factors (e.g., viral interleukin-10; CTLA4Ig) can confer tolerogenic properties on these cells. Genetic engineering of DC to express immunosuppressive molecules is, in theory, an attractive approach to the therapy of allograft rejection and possibly, autoimmune disorders.
The Role of Nutrition in Health and Disease in Premature Infants: Current Knowledge Gaps and Defining the Research Agenda

Mounting evidence demonstrates that nutrition and growth in early life has long-lasting effects, particularly for premature infants. The life course approach to neonatal nutrition and growth incorporates several key concepts that shape our current understanding of the role of nutrition and growth in the neonatal period and identify gaps in knowledge (Fig. 8.1).
LGBT/queer sexuality, history of, North America

This entry reviews the LGBT/queer initialism: lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer. A chronology of the expansion of this initialism in the United States to include more sexual and gendered identities is presented. The varied uses of the initialism for political and social organizing are discussed, such as: LGBT/queer, LGBTQ, LGBT, GLBT, GLB, LGBTQIA, LGBTQ2, LGBTQII, and LGBTTTI. The use of these identity terms in Mexico and Canada is reviewed along with relevant history contextualizing these categories. Keywords: Canada; LGBTQ ; Mexico; Queer; United States
How to Stop Worrying and Learn to Love the Second Amendment: A Reply to Professor Magarian

In response to Gregory Magarian's Speaking Truth to Firepower: How the First Amendment Destabilizes the Second, 91 Texas Law Review 49, 53-72 (2012), we argue first that the strict dichotomy he posits between an individual right to keep and bear arms aimed at deterring (and furnishing the means for ultimately opposing) governmental tyranny and a right securing the means for private self-defense is a false one. Further, we argue that, to the extent there is any tension between the First and Second Amendments, Heller and McDonald eased that tension by locating individual self-defense at the core of the right. Such “modernization” of the right is preferable to Magarian’s (implicit) conclusion that the Second Amendment should have no (or little) judicially enforceable content at all.Part II briefly summarizes Professor Magarian’s argument. In Part III, we then take issue with his conclusion that the only interpretation consistent with the Amendment’s text and history is that it was intended “to prevent a tyrannical government from disarming the people as a way to forestall popular insurrection” and that any other reading elides the Amendment’s “preamble.” In Part IV, we argue that Heller and McDonald’s placement of individual self-defense at the core of the right to keep and bear arms can be read as a product of judicial review’s “modernizing mission” — to borrow (and expand somewhat) a theory offered by David Strauss. The Court’s efforts, we argue, dissolve any ostensible tension between the rights guaranteed by the First and Second Amendments and should ease Professor Magarian’s anxieties about the suitability of an individual right to private arms ownership in a liberal democracy.
A communicative approach to community development: the effect of neighborhood storytelling network on civic participation

This study draws upon communication infrastructure theory to investigate how communication networks stimulate civic participation within a community development context. According to the communicat...
Evaluations of Mo-alloy for light water reactor fuel cladding to enhance accident tolerance

Molybdenum based alloy is selected as a candidate to enhance tolerance of fuel to severe loss of coolant accidents due to its high melting temperature of ∼2600 °C and ability to maintain sufficient mechanical strength at temperatures exceeding 1200 °C. An outer layer of either a Zr-alloy or Al-containing stainless steel is designed to provide corrosion resistance under normal operation and oxidation resistance in steam exceeding 1000 °C for 24 hours under severe loss of coolant accidents. Due to its higher neutron absorption cross-sections, the Mo-alloy cladding is designed to be less than half the thickness of the current Zr-alloy cladding. A feasibility study has been undertaken to demonstrate (1) fabricability of long, thin wall Mo-alloy tubes, (2) formability of a protective outer coating, (3) weldability of Mo tube to endcaps, (4) corrosion resistance in autoclaves with simulated LWR coolant, (5) oxidation resistance to steam at 1000–1500 °C, and (6) sufficient axial and diametral strength and ductility. High purity Mo as well as Mo + La2 O3 ODS alloy have been successfully fabricated into ∼2-meter long tubes for the feasibility study. Preliminary results are encouraging, and hence rodlets with Mo-alloy cladding containing fuel pellets have been under preparation for irradiation at the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) in Idaho National Laboratory. Additional efforts are underway to enhance the Mo cladding mechanical properties via process optimization. Oxidation tests to temperatures up to 1500 °C, and burst and creep tests up to 1000 °C are also underway. In addition, some Mo disks in close contact with UO2 from a previous irradiation program (to >100 GWd/MTU) at the Halden Reactor have been subjected to post-irradiation examination to evaluate the chemical compatibility of Mo with irradiated UO2 and fission products. This paper will provide an update on results from the feasibility study and discuss the attributes of the coated Mo cladding design to meet the challenging requirements for improving fuel tolerance to severe loss of coolant accidents.
Phase-Changing Bistable Electroactive Polymer Exhibiting Sharp Rigid-to-Rubbery Transition

A phase-changing polymer comprising stearyl acrylate and a long-chain urethane diacrylate was studied as a new bistable electroactive polymer. The abrupt and reversible phase transition of the crystalline aggregates of the stearyl moieties results in a rapid shift between the rigid and rubbery states of the polymers during temperature cycles. The transition temperature is tunable between 34–46 °C. A storage modulus change of ∼1000 fold can be obtained within a narrow temperature range of 10 °C. The polymer shows excellent shape memory properties with both fixation rate and recovery rate close to 100%. Diaphragm actuators based on the polymer thin films were electrically actuated up to 70% strain at 50 °C. The actuated shape can be “frozen” after the films were allowed to cool below the transition temperature. This rigid-to-rigid deformation is refreshable and repeatable via the rigid-to-rubbery transition and electrical actuation in the rubbery state.
Hacia un feminismo descolonial

This paper asks how to think about intimate everyday interactions of resistance to colonial difference, defi ning intimacy not exclusively or even primarily in terms of sexual relations, but of social life interwoven among people who are not acting as representatives or functio- naries. It starts out from the idea that the dichotomous and hierarchical categorial logic is central for modern capitalist and colonial thought about race, gender and sexuality, and that the colonized were defi ned from the very beginning as non-humans, whose bestiality did not allow for their being seen as men or women, even when white women were considered as non-men. The link between the colonial introduction of the modern instrumental concept of nature is shown to be central for capitalism and for the colonial introduction of the modern concept of gender. A decolonial feminism is proposed, with a strong emphasis on an incarnate, historicized intersubjectivity, posing criti- cism of the racialized, colonial, capitalist, heterosexualist gender oppression, as a lived transformation of the social. In opposition to the dichotomous hierarchization charac- teristic of capitalist, modern coloniality, it is proposed to strengthen the movement toward coalition which impels us to get to know each other as dense, in-relation selves, in alternative socialities based on tense, creative habitations of the colonial difference. For this we need the analysis of racialize3d and capitalist gender oppression, that is, of the coloniality of gender, in order to overcome it by means of "decolonial feminism".
Some Novel and Interesting Formulas

(1894). Some Novel and Interesting Formulas. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 187-188.
Analysis on Different Families Seed Germination Ability of Pinus yunnanensis

20 strains of seed trees were selected and cultured from the seed production stands of natural regeneration of Pinus yunnanensis,in baimahe farm of Chuxiong.The germination abilities of different families were analyzed.The results showed that there were significant differences among different families on mean germination time(MTG),mean germination coefficient(MGC),germination index(GI),peak value(PV),germination value(GV),and distinct difference on germination rate(%),average germination rate(MDG),and no dramatic differences on germinability(%).1,2,7 were clustered as best class by SPSS analysis.The study laid a foundation for pinus yunnanensis selection of superior families.
City-integrated renewable energy for urban sustainability

To prepare for an urban influx of 2.5 billion people by 2050, it is critical to create cities that are low-carbon, resilient, and livable. Cities not only contribute to global climate change by emitting the majority of anthropogenic greenhouse gases but also are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change and extreme weather. We explore options for establishing sustainable energy systems by reducing energy consumption, particularly in the buildings and transportation sectors, and providing robust, decentralized, and renewable energy sources. Through technical advancements in power density, city-integrated renewable energy will be better suited to satisfy the high-energy demands of growing urban areas. Several economic, technical, behavioral, and political challenges need to be overcome for innovation to improve urban sustainability.
Experimental Therapies in the Treatment of Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma

Although meaningful clinical responses have been demonstrated in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma using a number of therapeutic modalities, survival benefits have not been demonstrated for the majority of patients. Several novel therapies, including retinoids, purine analogs, biologic response modifiers, monoclonal antibodies, and fusion toxins have demonstrated activity and clinical promise in early studies.
Budgerigars ( Melopsittacus undulatus ) do not hear infrasound: the audiogram from 8 Hz to 10 kHz

The pure-tone thresholds of three budgerigars were determined from 8 Hz to 10 kHz. At a level of 60 dB sound pressure level (re 20 μN/m2), their hearing range extends 6.6 octaves from 77 Hz to 7.6 kHz, with a best sensitivity of 1.1 dB at 3 kHz. Unlike pigeons and chickens, budgerigars do not have better low-frequency hearing than humans. This difference implies anatomical, physiological, and ecological differences between birds that hear infrasound (so far, pigeons and chickens) and those that do not (budgerigars).