cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Occupational Therapy Interventions for Adults With Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review

Objective This systematic review addresses the effectiveness of occupational therapy-related interventions for adults with fibromyalgia. Method We examined the literature published between January 2000 and June 2014. A total of 322 abstracts from five databases were reviewed. Forty-two Level I studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies were evaluated primarily with regard to the following outcomes: daily activities, pain, depressive symptoms, fatigue, and sleep. Results Strong evidence was found for interventions categorized for this review as cognitive-behavioral interventions; relaxation and stress management; emotional disclosure; physical activity; and multidisciplinary interventions for improving daily living, pain, depressive symptoms, and fatigue. There was limited to no evidence for self-management, and few interventions resulted in better sleep. Conclusion Although the evidence supports interventions within the scope of occupational therapy practice for people with fibromyalgia, few interventions were occupation based.
Concluding Issues and Implications

This chapter presents future directions for a schema re-schematized—integrated with the thinker’s cognitive dynamics. Selz’s anticipatory schema features a symbolic and unknown factor, providing for discovery logic and pre-logical search for key variables. The schema opens to a search for knowledge—not dependent on input and outcome locked into information and established sequences. The thinker’s imagination constructs the anticipatory schema. The unknown becomes a factor in a picture of the knowledge and information sought. With the insertion of the thinker as an agent seeking knowledge, the re-schematized schema can be diagrammed in new exciting ways. To make the schematic projections, the thinker uses analogy. Its ‘pre-logical’ relations open the schema to productive thinking. Analogy generates new combinations. Formerly excluded particulars enter the formation of concepts and new categories.
Biocompatible silk-conducting polymer composite trilayer actuators

Biocompatible materials capable of controlled actuation are in high demand for use in biomedical applications such as dynamic tissue scaffolding, valves, and steerable surgical tools. Conducting polymer actuators are of interest because they operate in aqueous electrolytes at low voltages and can generate stresses similar to natural muscle. Recently, our group has demonstrated a composite material of silk and poly(pyrrole) (PPy) that is mechanically robust, made from biocompatible materials, and bends under an applied voltage when incorporated into a simple bilayer device architecture and actuated using a biologically relevant electrolyte. Here we present trilayer devices composed of two silk-PPy composite layers separated by an insulating silk layer. The trilayer architecture allows one side to expand while the other contracts, resulting in improved performance over bilayer devices. Specifically, this configuration shows a larger angle of deflection per volt applied than the analogous bilayer system, while maintaining a consistent current response throughout cycling. In addition, the overall motion of the trilayer devices is more symmetric than that of the bilayer analogs, allowing for fully reversible operation.
pH regulation in early endosomes and interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins control avian retrovirus fusion

Enveloped viruses infect host cells by fusing their membranes with those of the host cell, a process mediated by viral glycoproteins upon binding to cognate host receptors or entering into acidic intracellular compartments. Whereas the effect of receptor density on viral infection has been well studied, the role of cell type-specific factors/processes, such as pH regulation, has not been characterized in sufficient detail. Here, we examined the effects of cell-extrinsic factors (buffer environment) and cell-intrinsic factors (interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins, IFITMs), on the pH regulation in early endosomes and on the efficiency of acid-dependent fusion of the avian sarcoma and leukosis virus (ASLV), with endosomes. First, we found that a modest elevation of external pH can raise the pH in early endosomes in a cell type-dependent manner and thereby delay the acid-induced fusion of endocytosed ASLV. Second, we observed a cell type-dependent delay between the low pH-dependent and temperature-dependent steps of viral fusion, consistent with the delayed enlargement of the fusion pore. Third, ectopic expression of IFITMs, known to potently block influenza virus fusion with late compartments, was found to only partially inhibit ASLV fusion with early endosomes. Interestingly, IFITM expression promoted virus uptake and the acidification of endosomal compartments, resulting in an accelerated fusion rate when driven by the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored, but not by the transmembrane isoform of the ASLV receptor. Collectively, these results highlight the role of cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic factors in regulating the efficiency and kinetics of virus entry and fusion with target cells.
Low temperature selective hydrodeoxygenation of model lignin monomers from a homogeneous palladium catalyst

Abstract The molecular, homogeneous catalysts [Pd(tpy)Cl]Cl and [Ni(tpy)](PF 6 ) 2 , where tpy is 2,2′:6′,2′′- terpyridine, have been utilized to perform selective hydrodeoxygenation of benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, and benzophenone under very mild conditions. The [Pd(tpy)Cl]Cl catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic activity, with the complete selectivity towards hydrodeoxygenation, even at room temperature. Results indicate that the single-site nature of the molecular catalysts is what leads to the complete selectivity and the absence of aromatic ring hydrogenation products. A two-step mechanism consisting of H 2 activation by the catalyst to form a metal hydride complex, followed by selective hydrodeoxygenation is proposed. These results illustrate the possible advantages for the use of homogeneous catalysts in the conversion of lignin biomass to fuel or chemical feedstocks.
Voices From Urban Classrooms: Teachers’ Perceptions on Instructing Diverse Students and Using Culturally Responsive Teaching:

This study explored the perceptions of 430 P-12 urban teachers regarding the instruction of diverse students and their own ability to effectively implement culturally responsive teaching (CRT). Emp...
Long-Term Quality of Life Outcomes Following Nissen Versus Toupet Fundoplication in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Abstract Introduction: Laparoscopic fundoplication is the gold standard treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) refractory to medical management. Although many studies have compared Nissen fundoplication (NF) to Toupet fundoplication (TF), it is unclear which operation provides the best long-term reflux control. The objective of this study was to evaluate long-term quality-of-life (QoL) outcomes after NF versus TF. Methods: Clinical data from our single academic institutional foregut database were used to identify patients who underwent NF or TF (June 2010 to May 2016). Postoperative QoL was assessed through telephone at 1, 3, or 5 years postsurgery, using GERD-health related quality of life (GERD-HRQL), Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI), and Eckardt Dysphagia scores. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and satisfaction with surgery were also obtained. Trends in outcomes over time were analyzed by logistic regression or Cochran-Armitage trend test. Results: Our cohort included 155 TF an...
Increases in summer temperatures decrease the survival of an invasive forest insect

Higher temperatures projected under current climate change models are generally predicted to exert an overall positive effect on the success of invasive insects through increased survivability, developmental rates and fecundity, and by facilitating geographic range expansion. However, these effects have primarily focused on the shifts in winter temperatures with limited attention to the role that summer heat may play in shaping species ranges or fitness. We examined the thermal ecology of an ecologically important invasive forest insect, the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae), by determining survival during its summer dormancy phase under increasing temperature regimens. From laboratory and field experiments, we documented a positive association between increased temperatures and duration of exposure, and A. tsugae mortality. Adelges tsugae mortality was minimal ( 30 °C). At the warmest, southernmost edge of their range, field mortality of A. tsugae ranged from 8.5 to 81.9% and was strongly correlated with site temperature regimens. Further, we found no significant differences in A. tsugae survival between populations collected from Maine and Georgia, and over a 3-year period within Georgia, indicating that A. tsugae may not be acclimating to heat. These results highlight the importance of including summer temperatures in studies regarding increased temperatures on insect dynamics, and may alter historical predictions of climate change impacts on invasive insects and the conservation of forest ecosystems.
Estimation of cis‐eQTL effect sizes using a log of linear model

The study of expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) is an important problem in genomics and biomedicine. While detection (testing) of eQTL associations has been widely studied, less work has been devoted to the estimation of eQTL effect size. To reduce false positives, detection methods frequently rely on linear modeling of rank-based normalized or log-transformed gene expression data. Unfortunately, these approaches do not correspond to the simplest model of eQTL action, and thus yield estimates of eQTL association that can be uninterpretable and inaccurate. In this article, we propose a new, log-of-linear model for eQTL action, termed ACME, that captures allelic contributions to cis-acting eQTLs in an additive fashion, yielding effect size estimates that correspond to a biologically coherent model of cis-eQTLs. We describe a non-linear least-squares algorithm to fit the model by maximum likelihood, and obtain corresponding p-values. We perform careful investigation of the model using a combination of simulated data and data from the Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. Our results reveal little evidence for dominance effects, a parsimonious result that accords with a simple biological model for allele-specific expression and supports use of the ACME model. We show that Type-I error is well-controlled under our approach in a realistic setting, so that rank-based normalizations are unnecessary. Furthermore, we show that such normalizations can be detrimental to power and estimation accuracy under the proposed model. We then show, through effect size analyses of whole-genome cis-eQTLs in the GTEx data, that using standard normalizations instead of ACME noticeably affects the ranking and sign of estimates.
Betweenness centrality of intracranial electroencephalography networks and surgical epilepsy outcome

Abstract Objective We sought to determine whether the presence or surgical removal of certain nodes in a connectivity network constructed from intracranial electroencephalography recordings determines postoperative seizure freedom in surgical epilepsy patients. Methods We analyzed connectivity networks constructed from peri-ictal intracranial electroencephalography of surgical epilepsy patients before a tailored resection. Thirty-six patients and 123 seizures were analyzed. Their Engel class postsurgical seizure outcome was determined at least one year after surgery. Betweenness centrality, a measure of a node’s importance as a hub in the network, was used to compare nodes. Results The presence of larger quantities of high-betweenness nodes in interictal and postictal networks was associated with failure to achieve seizure freedom from the surgery (p Conclusions Betweenness centrality is a biomarker for postsurgical seizure outcomes. The presence of high-betweenness nodes in interictal and postictal networks can predict patient outcome independent of resection. Additionally, since their resection is associated with worse seizure outcomes, the mid-seizure network high-betweenness centrality nodes may represent hubs in self-regulatory networks that inhibit or help terminate seizures. Significance This is the first study to identify network nodes that are possibly protective in epilepsy.
Opioid Use During Pregnancy, Observations of Opioid Use, and Secular Trend From 2006 to 2014 at HealthPartners Medical Group

Objectives:To determine the prevalence of opioid use before, during, and after pregnancy and describe its use based on patient-specific characteristics. Determine secular trend of opioid use 2006 to 2014.Materials and Methods:Retrospective cohort study. A large Upper Midwest integrated health care s
Examination of associations between risky driving behaviors and hazardous drinking among a sample of college students.

AbstractObjective: Hazardous drinking is associated with other risky behaviors and negative health-related outcomes. This study examined covariation between hazardous drinking scores and the following risky driving behaviors: Falling asleep while driving, texting (receiving and sending) while driving, and driving after consuming alcohol.Methods: The participants in this study were a sample of undergraduate students (N = 1,298) who were enrolled in an introductory health course at a large Southeastern university in spring 2016 and completed an online health survey that assessed hazardous drinking, falling asleep while driving, texting while driving, and driving after consuming alcohol. We conducted a series of 2-step regression analyses to examine covariation between hazardous drinking scores (using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test–Consumption [AUDIT-C]) and the risky driving behaviors of interest.Results: We found that the majority of participants did not drink and drive (91.8%), nor did they...
"Under the Ditch": Channeling Water through Owen Wister's The Virginian // "Bajo la acequia": Canalizando el agua a través de The Virginian de Owen Wister'

This paper combines envirotech history with elemental ecocriticism to examine the lively presence of water infrastructure in Owen Wister’s The Virginian (1902). In Wister’s novel, humans and animals assemble around channels of water, and the fight to divert and control water systems initiates both violence and new alliances. Instead of relegating water infrastructures to the inconsequential background, this paper asks what ditches, water storage containers, and reservoirs can contribute to our understanding of gender and human-environmental relations at the turn of the twentieth century. It argues that Progressive Era water development places “manliness” at risk at the same time that it defines it. Since thirst, aridity, and mobility contribute to the making of hard, manly men in Wister’s view, irrigation emerges as a potent challenge to the novel’s hard logic . Resumen Este trabajo combina perspectivas del campo de historia de la tecnologia medioambiental con la ecocritica elemental para examinar la vida asociada a la infraestructura hidraulica en The Virginian (1902) de Owen Wister. En esta obra de Wister, tanto seres humanos como animales se reunen alrededor de canales de agua, en los que la lucha para desviar y controlar los sistemas hidraulicos desencadenan episodios de violencia y nuevas alianzas. En lugar de relegar estas infraestructuras a un papel carente de significado, este texto cuestiona como han podido contribuir las acequias, los las balsas de agua, y los depositos a nuestra concepcion del genero y de las relaciones entre los seres humanos y medioambiente durante los inicios del siglo veinte. Por ultimo, este trabajo pretende establecer que el desarollo hidraulico durante la “epoca progresista” en los Estados Unidos ha definido “la masculinidad” y, al mismo tiempo, la ha puesto en riesgo. Puesto que, como sugiere la novela, la sed, la aridez, y la mobilidad contribuyen a la formacion de hombres duros y masculinos, el sistema de regadio se configura como un desafio potente a las logicas racionalistas de la novela
NF-κB Activation by Card Proteins

Apoptosis (programmed cell death) has a central role in the normal development and homeostasis of all multicellular organisms (Vaux & Strasser, 1996). Deregulation of this process, resulting in too much or too little cell death, can cause both developmental defects and a wide variety of diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders (Mullauer et al., 2001). At the heart of this complex machinery is a conserved family of cysteine proteases, the caspases, which are produced in cells as catalytically inactive zymogenes and require proteolytic activation during apoptosis (Cohen, 1997). Caspases are divided into two classes depending on their place in the apoptotic caspase cascade. The initiator caspase zymogens can autoactivate in response to apoptotic triggers and then activate the downstream effector caspases, producing a signaling cascade which results in the cleavage of substrates characteristic of the final stages of apoptosis. Autoactivation of the initiator caspases is mediated by adaptor molecules, which contain small protein-protein interaction domains that act as molecular Velcro, allowing them to bind similar domains present in the N-termini of the initiator caspase zymogens and also other signaling molecules in the apoptotic pathway. By sequence similarities, four families of homophilic interaction domains have been identified in proteins participating in caspase activation.
The LISP70 pattern matching system

LISP70 is a descendant of LISP which emphasizes pattern-directed computation and extensibility. A function can be defined by a set of pattern rewrite rules as well as by the normal LAMBDA method. New rewrite rules can be added to a previously defined function; thus a LISP70 function is said to be "extensible". It is possible to have new rules merged in automatically such that special cases are checked before general cases. Some of the facilities of the rewrite system are described and a variety of applications are demonstrated.
Reductions in Dietary Energy Density as a Weight Management Strategy

Reducing caloric intake is the cornerstone of dietary therapy for long-term healthy weight management. Strategies individuals have typically used include limiting portion sizes, food groups, or certain macronutrients. Although such restrictive approaches can lead to weight loss in the short term, they can result in feelings of hunger or dissatisfaction, which can limit their acceptability, sustainability, and long-term effectiveness. An alternative positive strategy to manage energy intake is for individuals to eat more foods that are low in calories for a given measure of food—that is, they are low in energy density (kcal/g). Data have shown that people eat a fairly consistent amount of food on a day-to-day basis; therefore, the energy density of the foods an individual consumes influences energy intake. Encouraging patients to eat more foods low in energy density and to substitute these foods for those higher in energy density allows them to decrease their energy intake while eating sati sfying portions, thereby controlling hunger and lowering energy intake. This type of diet fi ts with the current Dietary Guidelines for Americans in that it incorporates high quantities of fruits, vegetables, and fiber, which are often suboptimal in typical low-calorie diets, and it provides ample intakes of numerous micronutrients. Moreover, studies have found that individuals who consume lower-energy-dense diets consume more food by weight and have lower body weights compared with individuals who consume higher-energy-dense diets. This chapter reviews the evidence supporting the use of diets rich in low-energy-dense foods for weight management and provides practical approaches to lowering the energy density of the diet.
Prion Protein Conversion and Lipids

The conversion of α-helical rich normal prion protein to a β-sheeted pathogenic isoform is central to the pathogenesis of prion disease. Recent studies have revealed the importance of cofactors in prion protein conformal change and in generating prion infectivity. Lipid appears to be a critical cofactor because of its unique biophysical properties and its ability to induce protein conformational changes. Biophysical and biochemical analyses of lipid–prion protein interactions and the resulting prion protein conformational changes revealed a huge impact of lipids on prion protein conformation. Studies of disease-associated mutations and the generation of highly infectious prions with bacterially expressed recombinant prion protein in the presence of lipid support the relevance of lipid interaction to prion disease. The hypothesized roles of lipid in prion protein conversion require rigorous future researches, which are essential for unveiling the molecular mechanism of prion infectivity.
Maternal health services for refugee populations: Exploration of best practices

The full scope of women's health needs is not necessarily addressed in refugee camps and after resettlement, particularly pregnancy and postnatal services. The aims of this research are to examine the maternal care services provided to refugee women in camps and after resettlement to the United States, and to analyse organisational successes and challenges in service provision. With this understanding, policies can improve service delivery for refugee women. We interviewed respondents from five organisations, ranging from local non-profits to international non-governmental organisations. Most of the organisations do not provide direct medical care, but rather education and social service support to clients, and in some cases midwife training. Their success stemmed from a focus on client capacity building, individualised support, effective partnerships, and cultural competency. Respondents described the need for physical resources, effective leadership, and additional personnel, especially with linguistic capabilities. The dialogue in the interviews supports themes of education as empowerment and client self-sufficiency. Respondents emphasised the importance of funding and policies that support their work. This knowledge can lead to improved models of service delivery and inform the development of best practices and policies in maternal and reproductive health for refugee women.
Statistical Approaches for Investigating Periods of Susceptibility in Children's Environmental Health Research.

Children’s environmental health researchers are increasingly interested in identifying time intervals during which individuals are most susceptible to adverse impacts of environmental exposures. We review recent advances in methods for assessing susceptible periods. We identified three general classes of modeling approaches aimed at identifying susceptible periods in children’s environmental health research: multiple informant models, distributed lag models, and Bayesian approaches. Benefits over traditional regression modeling include the ability to formally test period effect differences, to incorporate highly time-resolved exposure data, or to address correlation among exposure periods or exposure mixtures. Several statistical approaches exist for investigating periods of susceptibility. Assessment of susceptible periods would be advanced by additional basic biological research, further development of statistical methods to assess susceptibility to complex exposure mixtures, validation studies evaluating model assumptions, replication studies in different populations, and consideration of susceptible periods from before conception to disease onset.
Private Education Under Contract

Bourget summarizes the history of private education in France and debates related to private education since the 1905 law of separation of Church and State, detailing what is known as the “school war” between proponents of the public system and defenders of private (religious) education, the latter still overwhelmingly Catholic. With the 1959 Debre law, private schools are eligible for substantial subsidies when they sign a contract with the State, provided that they teach the nationally mandated curriculum, accept all teachers, and do not make religious instruction mandatory. Statistics show that Muslim schools are lagging behind other faith-based schools. This chapter discusses the evolution of other minority faith-based schools (Jewish and Protestant) in order to situate the creation of Muslim schools.
Ultrasound and acoustic resolution photoacoustic microscopy: A novel modality for surveilling human rectal cancer after therapy

Surgery for rectal cancer is associated with significant side effects including wound infections, incontinence, sexual and bladder dysfunction, and long-term ostomies. Though studies have shown that patients who completely respond to preoperative treatment can safely avoid surgery, nonoperative options remain limited by the poor performance of MRI and endorectal ultrasound after initial therapy. Therefore, new imaging modalities are needed to improve posttreatment tumor assessment and enable the widespread adoption of nonoperative management in rectal cancer. An acoustic resolution photoacoustic microscope (AR-PAM) was constructed with high frequency ultrasonic transducer and near infrared laser. We performed initial phantom, and then imaged ex vivo human colorectal specimens to evaluate different AR-PAM characteristics in each tissue type (normal, untreated tumor, and treated tumor). Our data suggest that photoacoustic imaging can differentiate the distorted vasculature of rectal tumors from normal vascular patterns. However, the vascular distribution of rectal tissue in pathological complete responders showed similar distribution as the normal colorectal tissue; mucosa, submucosa and muscle layer are clearly presented in ultrasound images, while photoacoustic images have revealed that most vasculatures distribute in submucosa. Encouraged by these initial results, we are developed a high-speed scanning (1 second for 20mm B-scan) AR-PAM with laser pulse repetition rate of 1kHz for large field 3D imaging. Lateral resolution of 65μm, axial resolution of 45μm, and 8mm tissue imaging depth can be achieved.
Growth of Complex 2D Material-Based Structures with Naturally Formed Contacts

The difficulty of processing two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) materials into working devices with any scalability is one of the largest impediments to capitalizing on their industrial promise. Here, we describe a versatile, simple, and scalable technique to directly grow self-contacted thin-film materials over a range of TMDs (MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2), where predeposited bulk metallic contacts serve as the nucleation site for the TMD material to grow, forming naturally contacted device structures in a single step. The conditions for growth as well as optical and physical properties are reported. Because the material grows controllably around the lithographically defined patterns, wafer scale circuits and complex device geometries can be envisioned, including lateral heterostructures of different TMD materials.
Von Grenzen und Grenzgängern in der deutschsprachigen Südtiroler Literatur

Grenzen sind Trennungslinien und Ubergange zugleich, sie konnen limitieren oder den Zugang zu Neuem bieten. Grenzen sind auch identitatsstiftend und konnen sich begrenzend oder bereichernd auf die ...
Southern Black Metropolis: Position, Place, and Population Below the Mason-Dixon Line

Which black communities in cities beneath the Mason-Dixon Line (demarcating the US South and North) enhanced blacks’ entry into occupations of the early twentieth-century Black Metropolis? (that is, professional, entrepreneurial, public service, and cultural production occupations). An answer to this question informs theory and research on the urban South’s black communities. Census data analyses address the question, testing hypotheses about position, place, and population effects. Washington, DC’s border position and place-related advantages enhanced blacks’ entry into all Black Metropolis occupations, net of the city’s sizable black population. These advantages, stemming from the city’s unique role as the nation’s capital and its venerable black elite class, made Washington, DC’s black community a prime location for the southern Black Metropolis, contrary to arguments that Black Metropolises could not exist below the Mason-Dixon Line in the early twentieth century.
Evaluating the sensitivity of Halcyon's automatic transit image acquisition for treatment error detection: A phantom study using static IMRT.

Purpose The Varian Halcyon™ electronic portal imaging detector is always in-line with the beam and automatically acquires transit images for every patient with full-field coverage. These images could be used for "every patient, every monitor unit" quality assurance (QA) and eventually adaptive radiotherapy. This study evaluated the imager's sensitivity to potential clinical errors and day-to-day variations from clinical exit images. Methods Open and modulated fields were delivered for each potential error. To evaluate output changes, monitor units were scaled by 2%-10% and delivered to solid water slabs and a homogeneous CIRS phantom. To mimic weight changes, 0.5-5.0 cm of buildup was added to the solid water. To evaluate positioning changes, a homogeneous and heterogeneous CIRS phantom were shifted 2-10 cm and 0.2-1.5 cm, respectively. For each test, mean relative differences (MRDs) and standard deviations in the pixel-difference histograms (σRD ) between test and baseline images were calculated. Lateral shift magnitudes were calculated using cross-correlation and edge-detection filtration. To assess patient variations, MRD and σRD were calculated from six prostate patients' daily exit images and compared between fractions with and without gas present. Results MRDs responded linearly to output and buildup changes with a standard deviation of 0.3%, implying a 1% output change and 0.2 cm changes in buildup could be detected with 2.5σ confidence. Shifting the homogenous phantom laterally resulted in detectable MRD and σRD changes, and the cross-correlation function calculated the shift to within 0.5 mm for the heterogeneous phantom. MRD and σRD values were significantly associated with the presence of gas for five of the six patients. Conclusions Rapid analyses of automatically acquired Halcyon™ exit images could detect mid-treatment changes with high sensitivity, though appropriate thresholds will need to be set. This study presents the first steps toward developing effortless image evaluation for all aspects of every patient's treatment.
Detecting Undisclosed Paid Editing in Wikipedia

Wikipedia, the free and open-collaboration based online encyclopedia, has millions of pages that are maintained by thousands of volunteer editors. As per Wikipedia’s fundamental principles, pages on Wikipedia are written with a neutral point of view and maintained by volunteer editors for free with well-defined guidelines in order to avoid or disclose any conflict of interest. However, there have been several known incidents where editors intentionally violate such guidelines in order to get paid (or even extort money) for maintaining promotional spam articles without disclosing such. In this paper, we address for the first time the problem of identifying undisclosed paid articles in Wikipedia. We propose a machine learning-based framework using a set of features based on both the content of the articles as well as the patterns of edit history of users who create them. To test our approach, we collected and curated a new dataset from English Wikipedia with ground truth on undisclosed paid articles. Our experimental evaluation shows that we can identify undisclosed paid articles with an AUROC of 0.98 and an average precision of 0.91. Moreover, our approach outperforms ORES, a scoring system tool currently used by Wikipedia to automatically detect damaging content, in identifying undisclosed paid articles. Finally, we show that our user-based features can also detect undisclosed paid editors with an AUROC of 0.94 and an average precision of 0.92, outperforming existing approaches.
Innate Viral Sensor MDA5 and Coxsackievirus Interplay in Type 1 Diabetes Development

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a polygenic autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing β-cells. The concordance rate for T1D in monozygotic twins is ≈30–50%, indicating that environmental factors also play a role in T1D development. Previous studies have demonstrated that enterovirus infections such as coxsackievirus type B (CVB) are associated with triggering T1D. Prior to autoantibody development in T1D, viral RNA and antibodies against CVB can be detected within the blood, stool, and pancreata. An innate pathogen recognition receptor, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), which is encoded by the IFIH1 gene, has been associated with T1D onset. It is unclear how single nucleotide polymorphisms in IFIH1 alter the structure and function of MDA5 that may lead to exacerbated antiviral responses contributing to increased T1D-susceptibility. Binding of viral dsRNA via MDA5 induces synthesis of antiviral proteins such as interferon-alpha and -beta (IFN-α/β). Viral infection and subsequent IFN-α/β synthesis can lead to ER stress within insulin-producing β-cells causing neo-epitope generation, activation of β-cell-specific autoreactive T cells, and β-cell destruction. Therefore, an interplay between genetics, enteroviral infections, and antiviral responses may be critical for T1D development.
Stabilized-jellium description of neutral and multiply charged fullerenes Cx±60

Abstract A description of neutral and multiply charged fullerenes is proposed based on a stabilized jellium (structureless pseudopotential) approximation for the ionic background and the local density approximation for the σ and π valence electrons. A recently developed shell-correction method is used to calculate total energies and properties of both the neutral and multiply charged anionic and cationic fullerenes. The effect of the icosahedral symmetry is included perturbatively. The calculated single-particle energy level spectrum of C 60 is in good correspondence with experimentally measured ones and previous self-consistent local-density-approximation calculations. For the multiply charged fullerenes, we calculate microscopically the charging energies of C x ± 60 for up to x =12 excess charges. A semiclassical interpretation of these results is developed, which views the fullerenes as Coulomb islands possessing a classical capacitance. The calculated values for the first ionization potential and the first electron affinity agree well with the experimental ones. For the second and third ionization potentials, there exist substantial discrepancies in the experimental measurements. Our calculations support the results from charge transfer bracketing experiments and from direct ionization experiments through electron impact. The doubly charged negative ion is found to be very long-lived metastable species, in agreement with observations.
Episodic zooplanktivory by largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) on Daphnia: a 25-year natural history record from a small northern temperate lake

We observed episodic zooplanktivory by largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides; LMB) ≥ 150 mm total length (TL) on the cladoceran Daphnia spp. over two decades in a small oligotrophic lake. While zo...
Official antiracism and the limits of ‘Islamophobia’

A liberal, state-sanctioned, ‘official’ antiracism structures academic and activist efforts to establish Islamophobia as a form of racism, as well as the conflict surrounding such efforts. This ess...
Abstract 80: Predictors of Early Infarct Recurrence in Patients With Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease

Introduction: Prior studies have evaluated risks factors for recurrent stroke in patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD). However, few reports have assessed risk facto...
Improving access to timely pain management in an underserved oncology clinic: A palliative care-oncology partnership.

e18672Background: In the 4 years since inception, the palliative care (PC) clinic at Olive-View UCLA Medical Center (OVMC) cared for less than 6% of pain-positive cancer patients based on guideline...
Comparison of apparent power consumption in Synchronous Reluctance and Induction Motor under vector control

The advances in power electronics devices have opened the possibility of counting on Synchronous Reluctance Motors (SynRM) where variation of speed is required. However, Induction Motors (IM) have successfully supplied this demand in industrial applications. As for traction applications, SynRM aided by Permanent Magnet is also an alternative to Interior Permanent Magnet Motors (IPM). In this study, a 55kW Inverter-Driven Induction Motor (IDIM) was designed and evaluated through Indirect Field Oriented Current Control (IFOCC) strategy. Likewise, an equivalent Synchronous Reluctance Motor with inductance ratio in the range of 6–10 was also designed by using the same stator as IDIM. A Vector Control (VC) strategy based upon the point of maximum power factor was implemented to test its performance. Both motors optimized for variable speed applications were compared under the same variations of load, voltage and frequency in order to assess their consumption from an input apparent power point of view. By assuming a limit for the input power provided by the same Variable Frequency Driver (VFD), the Induction Motor was able to bear a higher overload, whereas the Synchronous Reluctance Motor compared favorably and showed lower power consumption in average under intermittent loads.
Brand Awareness and Price Dispersion in Electronic Markets

Price dispersion, the variance in price for identical products across retailers, is a persistent feature of Internetbased markets, even those mediated by shopping agents (shopbots). In this paper, we propose a model for explaining this price dispersion based on limited consumer awareness of competing retailers and brand sensitivity, the willingness to pay a premium to buy from a leading retailer. We show that full awareness and the absence of brand sensitivity are necessary for markets to be characterized by Bertrand competition. When both of these are not simultaneously true (which is likely for most Internet markets), a number of other pricing strategies become optimal. Branded (high awareness) retailers tend to charge higher prices on average, but in some circumstances will randomize their prices such that they will be lower price than unbranded retailers on some products or some of the time. We also show that even if an unbranded retailer can invest to improve awareness, they have weak incentives to do so as this increases price competition. These observations are consistent with empirical research on pricing in Internet-based markets and may offer a more complete story of Internet price dispersion than some of the leading alternative explanations.
The nesting behavior of Dawson's burrowing bee, Amegilla dawsoni (Hymenoptera: Anthophorini), and the production of offspring of different sizes.

Females of Dawson's burrowing bees have a well-defined brood cell cycle involving cell construction, waxing, provisioning, egg laying, and cell capping. In one study population, nesting bees built smaller brood cells for offspring of lower weight and larger ones for heavier offspring, demonstrating their ability to anticipate the desired size of an offspring at the outset of a brood cell cycle. Furthermore, individual females varied the number of provisioning trips made per brood cell cycle by a factor of two or more, apparently exercising control over the amount of brood provisions supplied to an offspring. The size distribution of emerging males at two widely separated locations in 1997 was nearly identical to that recorded in 1995. These findings suggest that the production of small males (minors) is the result of active female control rather than the product of food shortages that force females to undersupply some brood cells. Female foraging decisions resulted in a bimodal distribution of weights of mature dormant larvae at one site in 1997. However, the times required to complete brood cell cycles at this site were not distributed bimodally. This result stemmed in part from daily variation among females in the duration of their provisioning trips as well as from seasonal variation in provisioning trip times. When provisioning trips lasted longer, females tended to make fewer trips per brood cell cycle, and so were presumably more likely to produce minor sons. As a result, the weight of an offspring was not tightly linked to the time investment required to produce it, making it difficult to compare the relative costs of minors and majors in terms of maternal time investments.
On Primitive and Realisable Classes

Let S be a scheme, and let G be a finite, flat, commutative group scheme over S. In this paper we show that (subject to a mild technical assumption) every primitive class in Pic(G) is realisable. This gives an affirmative answer to a question of Waterhouse. We also discuss applications to locally free classgroups and to Selmer groups of Abelian varieties.
Faddeev-type equations for three-body symmetry violating scattering amplitudes

The equations which relate three-body and two-body symmetry violating scattering amplitudes are derived in the first order of symmetry violating interactions. They can be used to obtain three-body symmetry violating scattering amplitudes from two-body symmetry violating scattering amplitudes calculated in low energy effective field theory.
SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION IN EXPLOSIVE TESTING OF MODEL CONTAINMENTS

Abstract The SIMQUAKE series of field tests on model containment structures provides a data base which may be used to validate analytic models of soil-structure interaction (SSI). In addition, the test produced significant evidence of nonlinear rocking response of 1/4-embedded model structures due to debonding and rebonding at the soil-structure interface. This paper describes the SIMQUAKE II test and an analytic method for soil-structure interaction based on explicit finite difference techniques, which consider both nonlinear behavior at the soil-structure interface and nonlinear constitutive behavior of the site. The analytic method is applied to two-dimensional analyses of both 1/8- and 1/12-size structures and results are compared with test measurements. Structural rocking response is shown to be sensitive to the inelastic compaction characteristic of the soil adjacent to the structure. A three-dimensional pretest analysis of the SIMQUAKE II test is also briefly reviewed.
Central Hyperadrenergic State After Lightning Strike

To describe and review autonomic complications of lightning strike. Case report and laboratory data including autonomic function tests in a subject who was struck by lightning. A 24-year-old man was struck by lightning. Following that, he developed dysautonomia, with persistent inappropriate sinus tachycardia and autonomic storms, as well as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and functional neurologic problems. The combination of persistent sinus tachycardia and episodic exacerbations associated with hypertension, diaphoresis, and agitation was highly suggestive of a central hyperadrenergic state with superimposed autonomic storms. Whether the additional PTSD and functional neurologic deficits were due to a direct effect of the lightning strike on the central nervous system or a secondary response is open to speculation.
Detection of markers for transfusion transmitted viruses

Presently, serological markers distinguish at least four types of viral hepatitis: hepatitis A, hepatitis B, delta hepatitis and non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis. Hepatitis A, previously called infectious hepatitis, is caused by the RNA hepatitis A virus (HAV). l Worldwide it is the most prevalent type of hepatitis, occurring endemically in many underdeveloped countries and in sporadic outbreaks in areas of low prevalence. Hepatitis A is spread by fecal-oral routes, although rare cases resulting from exposures to contaminated blood components have been reported. The serological markers for HAV infection are antibodies to HAV; IgM class for acute or recent infection, IgG class for past infection and immunity.* Hepatitis B, formerly called serum hepatitis, is caused by the DNA hepatitis B virus (HBV, originally recognized as the “Dane” particle).3 HBV has an inner core that contains the hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg). Double-stranded DNA, DNA polymerase, and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) are also present in the inner core. This inner core is surrounded by a surface lipoprotein coat detectable as the
Complete nucleotide sequence of the tick-borne, orthomyxo-like Dhori/Indian/1313/61 virus nucleoprotein gene

Abstract The complete nucleotide sequence of the fifth largest segment of single-stranded RNA of the tick-borne, orthomyxo-like Dhori/Ind/1313/61 virus was determined by using cloned cDNA derived from infected cell mRNA and dideoxynucleotide sequencing of viral RNA. The fifth RNA contains 1479 nucleotides and can code for a protein of 477 amino acids with a molecular weight of 53,679 Da. The RNA 5 protein of the Dhori/Ind/1313/61 virus possesses five short regions (16–26 amino acids) which share a high degree (50–59%) of amino acid sequence homology with a computer-aligned concensus sequence of the influenza nucleoprotein gene family. These and other structural features of the RNA 5 protein suggest that RNA 5 of Dhori viruses codes for the nucleoprotein. The data also suggest that Dhori viruses are orthomyxoviruses, but that they are more distantly related to the influenza viruses than type A, B, and C viruses are to each other.
Spatial characteristics of exurban settlement pattern in the United States

Abstract Despite pervasive exurban development in the United States (US) over the last several decades, a lack of relatively precise data has hindered basic research, including classification of the types of emerging exurban settlement patterns. But because exurbia transcends the traditional dichotomy of urban versus rural and metropolitan versus nonmetropolitan, standard census data are of limited value in analyzing these regions. To address this gap, we made use of a spatially explicit population database to indentify and examine the configuration of exurban settlement. We developed a multidimensional spatial patch index, which captures the variation exurban settlement across the landscape, along the lines of shape, size and contiguity typology of exurban patches. This index reveals substantial heterogeneity in fine-scale pattern not reflected by aggregate measures of exurban settlement density. Using this index, we then explored to what extent metropolitan characteristics commonly believed to influence urban decentralization also are associated with the configuration of decentralization. We find that while large, contiguous clumps of exurban settlement are correlated with these metropolitan characteristics, other exurban pattern types (such as isolated or linear patches) are not. Therefore, it appears that the factors that contribute to more urban decentralization may also lead to greater contiguity and concentration of exurban settlement. Additionally, we find that the processes that lead to isolated and dispersed exurban settlement may be different from those that foster contiguous, concentrated exurban settlement.
Some Consequences of an SU(2) ⊗ U(1) Gauge Model

The experimental consequences of an SU(2) \ensuremath{\bigotimes} U(1) model in which the intermediate-boson mass ${m}_{W}$ is bounded below by 13 GeV are discussed. For the special choice of ${m}_{W}=18$ GeV neutral-current effects essentially disappear. The model includes a heavy neutral lepton of the muon type whose mass is bounded above and below by \ensuremath{\sim} 1.2 GeV and 390 MeV, respectively. The model is thus relatively more accessible to experimental tests than other gauge models. Other aspects of the model are discussed.