cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determining shoreline response to sea level rise

Abstract The Bruun rule is the most widely used method for determining shoreline response to sea level rise. It assumes that the active portion of an offshore profile rises with rising sea level, and the sand required to raise the profile is transported from the shoreline. It is difficult to evaluate the efficacy of the Bruun rule because sea level rise often has a lesser effect on shoreline change than that produced by sand sources, sinks, and longshore transport gradients. In addition, some shorelines have advanced seaward with rising sea level. Dean (1987) showed that equilibrium profile theory predicts that rising sea levels produce landward sand movement forced by nonlinear waves. This paper presents an equation with terms representing all phenomena affecting shoreline change including Bruun-rule recession, onshore sand transport, sand sources and sinks, and longshore transport gradients. As an example of its use, rates of onshore transport are determined along the 275-km Florida southwest coast, USA, and a 19-km portion of this coast using known values for sand sources, sinks, and longshore transport gradients. Then future shoreline changes are projected for both coasts from 2015 to 2065 and for the southwest coast from 2015 to 2100, using sea level rise projections from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Beach nourishment is shown to be a very effective adaptation strategy for sea level rise with shoreline change projections useful to estimate required rates of beach nourishment to counter sea level rise.
Temperature regulation in albino rats correlated with determinations of myelin density in the hypothalamus.

ConclusionsThe optical densities of sections of the hypothalamus stained by modifications of the Weigert method have been measured in rats varying in age from 6 to 70 days by means of monochromatic light and an electronic photometer. These measurements have been correlated with the abilities of the animals to regulate their internal temperatures when exposed to a cold environment. We believe that our method has recorded densities which are dependent mainly upon the amount and/or character of the myelin in the hypothalamus at the respective ages studied, and that the increase in myelin from birth to 20 days of age may contribute to the acquisition of the capacity for temperature regulation. We do not believe that myelination in the hypothalamus is the only factor concerned in the acquisition of this function. Many other factors are no doubt operative and many of these are currently being investigated.
A Unique Thermodynamics Course with Laboratories

The Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering at the United States Military Academy (USMA) offers a course in thermodynamics that is well known among the Corps of Cadets, because of its uniqueness and applicability. Students from every department in the USMA enroll in the course and are taught by a faculty that is composed of both military and civilian professors. The classroom and laboratory experiences that have been designed over the past decade provide students with a broad introductory exposure to thermodynamics, while focussing on very relevant applications. This paper presents an overview of the thermodynamic experience created at the USMA and offers several examples of methods to enhance similar courses at other institutions.
Statin potency associated with incident diabetes in a real-world evaluation

Commentary on: Carter AA, Gomes T, Camacho X, et al. Risk of incident diabetes among patients treated with statins: population based study. BMJ 2013;346:f2610[OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] For widely prescribed medications, such as statins, even the development of uncommon adverse events may have significant public health ramifications. Recent meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated an increased incidence of diabetes in patients taking statins. These have demonstrated a dose–effect relationship, but whether different statins have differential effects on the risk of diabetes is still unclear. In this study, Carter and colleagues further investigate the dose–effect relationship of statin-induced diabetes and whether different statins carry distinct risks of diabetes in a large, real-world population. The authors examined healthcare records of more than 1.5 million adults aged 66 years or above in Ontario, Canada from August 1997 to March 2010. The analysis excluded patients with established diabetes and those prescribed a statin within 1 year prior to the start of the study. Linked administrative healthcare databases were used to provide information on … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBMJ%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fbmj.f2610%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F23704171%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=bmj&resid=346/may23_4/f2610&atom=%2Febmed%2F19%2F2%2F68.atom
Science, Ethnicity, and Culture

Historically, racial and ethnic groups in the United States have experienced discrimination and marginalization as a result of scientific racism. Researchers dispute the legitimacy, validity, and misuse of mental measurements or IQ tests when used to make inferences about the inferiority or superiority of various ethnic or racial groups in comparison to whites or Anglo-Saxons. Race and ethnicity are social and political constructs that have been used to promote supremacy between racial and ethnic groups. Unfortunately, science has been employed as a tool to perpetuate supremacist ideals of racial superiority. Keywords: culture; race and ethnicity; racism; science
Preparation and Characterization of Li1.05 [ Ni0.35Co025Mn0.4 ] O2 as a Cathode Material for Rechargeable Lithium Cells

A lithium insertion material Li 1 . 0 5 [Ni 0 . 3 5 Co 0 . 2 5 Mn 0 . 4 ]O 2 was synthesized by a sol-gel method. The structural and electrochemical properties of the sample were investigated using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and the galvanostatic charge-discharge method. Rietveld analysis of the XRD patterns shows this compound as having the α-NaFeO 2 structure (R3m; a = 2.8670(4) A, and 14.279(3) A in hexagonal setting). Li 1 . 0 5 [Ni 0 . 3 5 Co 0 . 2 5 Mn 0 . 4 ]O 2 has a discharge capacity of 164 mAh/g in the voltage range 2.8-4.5 V vs Li/Li + , a stable capacity on cycling, and good rate capability in the current range 0.1-4.0 C. When the voltage range is increased to 2.8-4.8 V, it yields a capacity of 187 mAh/g, but exhibits a significant loss of capacity during cycling. The results indicate that this novel cathode material should be useful for lithium-ion cells because it has a lower cost than LiCoO 2 -containing cells, and high performance.
Epidemiological features and risk factors for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Yantai, China

Objective To analyze the epidemiological features and risk factors for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS) in Yantai, China and to provide a basis for the prevention and control of SFTS in Yantai and even the rest of China.MethodsAnalyzed the epidemiological features of SFTS and thirty SFTS cases and healthy controls(n=90) were selected fromYantai for investigation of related factors, and statistical analysis was performed by chi-square rest.ResultsA total of 30 SFTScases were collected from Yantai during 2011, and the farmers were the main group. The dog feeding way showed significantdifference between cases and controls; the proportion of individuals who worked in the hillside field was significantly higher incases than in controls. Among the 120 respondents, only 7 took certain forms of protective measures. Occupation, working andliving conditions, and contact with animals were possible risk factors for this disease.ConclusionThe working environment,occupation, and contact with animals should be considered as a reference in the diagnosis of SFTS cases, and the residents' awareness of occupational protection should be strengthened.
Utopia and Horizon of History

The history of human being not only materialized the detached exist of the subjective existence, but also the detached exist of the external existence. Moreover the history of human being as an ontological meanings that has been veiled by the fast developed of modern science and technology and opulence of matter fortune, also has been forget by the modernist. Forever absent Utopia has magnitude value and significance to spread people's historical view or to understand the totality of human being history.
Intracytoplasmic filamentous inclusions in the peripheral blood of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A bright-field, electron microscopic, immunofluorescent, and flow cytometric study

Intracellular inclusions in lymphoproliferative disorders are not common. Multiple different types of inclusions have been reported in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), including vacuoles, crystals, and pseudocrystals. Most of the reported cases were seen in the bone marrow lymphocytes, and the majority of these on electron microscopy. We report a case of long-standing CLL with no therapy that had filamentous cytoplasmic inclusions in the peripheral blood that were readily seen by light microscopy. Electron microscopy demonstrated dilated cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum filled with amorphous electron-dense material. By immunofluorescence, the material proved to be immunoglobulin G-lambda deposits. The immunophenotype had the typical CLL pattern with positive staining with CD19, CD5, and CD23, and low-density CD20 staining; however, it also had unusual staining with CD25 and intermediate-intensity staining with CD22.
Perceived Addiction to Internet Pornography among Religious Believers and Nonbelievers

abstractPrior research suggests that there is a relationship between religiousness and perceived addiction to Internet pornography. This research also suggests a positive relationship between perceived addiction and psychological distress. However, due to the measures of religiousness used, little is known about perceived addiction among nonbelievers in God's existence. In a sample of U.S. adults (N = 713), we found that higher certainty in God's existence was associated with higher levels of perceived addiction. We also found that participants who identified as religious, compared to participants who self-labeled as atheist, agnostic, or “none,” reported higher levels of perceived addiction. Finally, we found that perceived addiction was associated with psychological distress (combining anxiety, depression, and general stress), though effect sizes were small. This relationship was not moderated by religious/nonreligious identity or certainty in God's existence/nonexistence. These findings suggest that pe...
On projective identification in couples' groups.

The concept of projective identification is reviewed, and its application to family and group systems is noted. Projective identification is then applied as a construct central to couples' groups, ...
Clients’ perceptions of personal psychotherapy or counselling for therapists

The purpose of this study was to examine clients’ opinions of therapists’ personal use of psychotherapy or counselling. Participants in this study, a nationwide sample of clients recruited through Amazon’s MTurk system, were asked to complete an online survey assessing their attitudes towards treatment use by therapists as well as their general attitudes towards psychological help-seeking and perceptions of stigma (social and self) with psychological treatments. In this study, we found that clients generally had positive views about therapists’ personal use of psychotherapy or counselling. Although overall positive attitudes were found, the results from repeated measures ANOVAs indicated that attitudes depended somewhat on whether the therapist had sought out treatment as part of a training requirement for self-enrichment, or for the treatment of a psychological problem. In addition, participating clients were less supportive of therapists disclosing a treatment use history with their clients. Regression ...
Law and Nature: Introduction: the pragmatics of nature and the situation of law

Wilderness, animals, bodies, and brains. Rivers, oceans, endangered species. Pets. Laboratory monkeys, dancing bears, and killer bees. Sperm. Conception, gestation, lactation. Breeding. Giving birth. Genes, chromosomes, and hormones. Lust. Sodium, potassium, electromagnetism, and sexuality. Hurricanes and neurotransmitters. Corn. Iron. Oxygen, nicotine, and blood. Northern white pines, schizophrenia, comets, and death. Black raspberries and instincts. That fish, this urge, these symptoms, those asteroids. Nature. There is, in the world that humans have created, the concept “nature.” There is also in Western culture a range of more specific conceptions of nature – theological, scientific, philosophical, and common. Then there are the things, places, or events in and of the world to which the designations “nature” or “natural” are applied or from which they are withheld. One element that appears to hold many of these together has to do with that which they are not. Distinguished from nature in many conceptions are those critical aspects of humanness – consciousness, intentionality, culture, knowledge, and so forth – which, if not regarded as unnatural, are generally considered to be of such a radically different ontological status as to justify a basic distinction in kind between the human and the natural, between humans and other animals or life forms, between bodies and minds, and, more specifically, between brains as matter and mind as, well, something else.
Using Institutional Resources and Agency to Support Graduate Students’ Success at a Hispanic Serving Institution

There is a growing body of evidence that links increased social capital to minority student success in college. This paper seeks to expand specifically on the graduate experience of underrepresented minorities (URM) at a Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI) using the social capital framework. In a cross-sectional survey, 198 graduate students retrospectively considered the role of institutional resources and agents in their success towards graduation. Data revealed that motivational factors such as a sense of personal achievement, family support, peer support, career promotion, supportive faculty, program satisfaction, and faculty mentor played critical roles in the success of graduate students at HSI. Specifically, Latino students are more likely to report that faculty mentors played a significant role in their success compared to their non-Latino peers χ2(1, N = 195) = 5.33, p = 0.02. Latinos/as were also more likely to use writing support services than their non-Latino/a peers χ2(2, N = 190) = 7.59, p = 0.02. By identifying and increasing access to institutional resources and agents, underrepresented minorities in post-baccalaureate programs may encounter less barriers to graduate degree success.
PRELIMINARY VALIDATION STUDY OF THE ACCURACY OF CUP ORIENTATION USING THE EOS IMAGING SYSTEM AS MEASURED BY CT

Introduction Studies show that cup malpositioning using conventional techniques occurs in 50 to 74% of cases defined. Assessment of the utility of improved methods of placing acetabular components depends upon the accuracy of the method of measuring component positioning postoperatively. The current study reports on our preliminary experience assessing the accuracy of EOS images and application specific software to assess cup orientation as compared to CT. Methods Eighteen patients with eighteen unilateral THA had pre-operative EOS images were obtained for preoperative assessment of leg-length difference and standing pelvic tilt. All of these patients also had preoperative CT imaging for surgical navigation of cup placement. This allows us to compare cup orientation as measured by CT to cup orientation as measured using the EOS images. Application specific software modules were developed to measure cup orientation using both CT and EOS images (HipSextant Research Application 1.0.13 Surgical Planning Associates Inc., Boston, Massachusetts). Using CT, cup orientation was determined by identifying Anterior Pelvic Plane coordinate system landmarks on a 3D surface model. A multiplanar reconstruction module allows for creation of a plane parallel with the opening plane of the acetabulum and subsequent calculation of plane orientation in the AP Plane coordinate space according to Murray9s definitions of operative anteversion and operative inclination. Using EOS DICOM images, spatial information from the images were used to reconstruct the fan beam projection model. Each image pair is positioned inside this projection model. Anterior Pelvic Plane coordinate points are digitized on each image and back-projected to the fan beam source. Corresponding beams are then used to compute the 3D intersection points defining the 3D position and orientation of the Anterior Pelvic Plane. Ellipses with adjustable radii were then used to define the cup border in each EOS image. By respecting the fan beam projection model, 3D planes defining the projected normal of the ellipse in each image are computed. 3D implant normal was estimated by determining 3D plane intersection lines for each image pair. Implant center points are defined by using the back-projected and intersected ellipse center beams in the image pairs (Figure 1). Results The results are shown in Figure 2. The mean anteversion error was −0.9 degrees (SD 4.1, range −6.9 to 10.3). The mean inclination error was 1.8 (SD 2.1, range −2.9 to 8.6). All three cups with errors greater than 7 degrees were in cups with 40 or more degrees of anteversion. Discussion and Conclusion The current study, while very preliminary, demonstrates the potential that EOS images can be used to measure cup orientation with a reasonable degree of accuracy. Accurate determination of cup orientation appears to be more challenging in cups with higher anteversion.
SITS Derivatization of Peptides to Enhance 266 nm Ultraviolet Photodissociation (UVPD).

N-terminal derivatization of peptides with the chromogenic reagent 4-acetamido-4-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid (SITS) is demonstrated to enhance the efficiency of 266 nm ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD). Attachment of the chromophore results in a mass shift of 454 Da and provides significant gains in the number and abundances of diagnostic fragment ions upon UVPD. Activation of SITS-tagged peptides with 266 nm UVPD leads to many fragment ions akin to the a/b/y ions commonly produced by CID, along with other sequence ions (c, x, and z) typically accessed through higher energy pathways. Extreme bias towards C-terminal fragment ions is observed upon activation of SITS-tagged peptides using multiple 266 nm laser pulses. Due to the high reaction efficiency of the isothiocyanate coupling to the N-terminus of peptides, we demonstrate the ability to adapt this strategy to a high-throughput LC-MS/MS workflow with 266 nm UVPD.
Airflow Error Measurement Due to Pneumotachograph Mask Rim Leaks.

Summary Airflow during speech production is recorded using a pneumotachograph system wherein typically a mask is placed upon the face. Accurate measures of airflow require mask calibration and a complete seal of the mask rim to the face. Literature frequently cites mask rim leaks as causing flow measurement inaccuracies, but quantitative studies of the inaccuracies are needed. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of inaccuracy of flow measurement using a Glottal Enterprises aerodynamic system for a variety of mask rim leak conditions. Air was pushed and pulled through the Glottal Enterprises mask system over a wide range of airflow with leaks simulated by small metal tubes of various cross-sectional areas placed between the mask rim and a face-like calibration mold. Two leak locations, single versus multiple leaks, and two different leak tube geometries were used. Results suggest that (1) as leak area increases, the amount of leak flow increases; (2) the amount of flow leak is relatively independent of location; (3) given equivalent leak areas, multiple leak locations provide less leak flow; and (4) quasi-elliptical tubes were more resistive to airflow than rectangular tubes. A general empirical equation was obtained that relates the leak flow between the mask rim and the face, the size of the leak region, and the amount of the upstream airflow toward the mask: Leak(cm3/s) = 0.33 × Area(cm2) × Flow(cm3/s) for the range of ±2000 cm3/s. This equation may provide researchers and clinicians with a tool for generalizing airflow leak effects.
Injectable Hydrogels for Cardiac Tissue Engineering

In light of the limited efficacy of current treatments for cardiac regeneration, tissue engineering approaches have been explored for their potential to provide mechanical support to injured cardiac tissues, deliver cardio-protective molecules, and improve cell-based therapeutic techniques. Injectable hydrogels are a particularly appealing system as they hold promise as a minimally invasive therapeutic approach. Moreover, injectable acellular alginate-based hydrogels have been tested clinically in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and show preservation of the left ventricular (LV) indices and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). This review provides an overview of recent developments that have occurred in the design and engineering of various injectable hydrogel systems for cardiac tissue engineering efforts, including a comparison of natural versus synthetic systems with emphasis on the ideal characteristics for biomimetic cardiac materials.
Gender and Feminist Studies

‘Gender’ refers to all the social forces that affect how being a male or female affect one's life. The focus is on cultural, political, and economic arrangements, such as social norms, beliefs, laws, and institutional practices. The term ‘feminist’ has many different meanings, but most are based on the belief that scholarship on men and women has been, and often still is, distorted by sexist and androcentric bias. Feminist theory includes attempts to describe and explain how gender systems work, as well as a consideration of normative or ethical issues, such as whether a society's gender arrangements are fair. The entry considers three themes as illustrations of scholarship in the area of gender and feminist study. These are: (a) the exclusion of women from well-rewarded and respected positions; (b) the devaluation of activities and qualities traditionally associated with women, such as caring; and (c) intersections of gender with inequalities of class, race, and nation.
Systems and Subsystems, Multiple Particles

Up to this point, we have considered the state of a quantum system to be described by a unit vector in the corresponding Hilbert space, or more properly, an equivalence class of unit vectors under the equivalence relation \(\psi\) ∼ e i θ \(\psi\). We will see in this section that this notion of the state of a quantum system is too limited. We will introduce a more general notion of the state of a system, described by a density matrix. The special case in which the system can be described by a unit vector will be called a pure state.
A Movement Constraint Interpretation of the Response Complexity Effect on Programming Time

This paper reinterprets data from five recently published experiments on response complexity and programming time in which number of movement parts of rapidly executed limb responses was advanced as the principal element influencing length of response programming time. Alternatively it is argued here that programming time, in these experiments, was predominantly a function of the constraints placed upon the output of the motor system by the demand for movement accuracy. The quantification of this accuracy demand is achieved by using the metric of Index of Difficulty (Fitts, 1954). In discrete and straight-line tapping responses to circular targets, response complexity may be conceptualized in terms of the angular constraint imposed on movement initiation at the start key. When responses require changes of direction between movement parts it is proposed that programming time may be a function of the cumulative movement constraints imposed by the task. The discussion focuses on the process by which an increased accuracy demand requires a more constrained motor system output which is brought about by a larger and/or more precise muscle synergy recruitment pattern, resulting in an increase in programming time.
The Design of Selective Resins for the Removal of Pertechnetate and Perchlorate from Groundwater

The radionuclide 99Tc is a fission product of 235U and 239Pu, and it has been found as a contaminant in groundwater at DOE sites in which these species have been processed. DOE’s Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PGDP) site is typical of the contamination problem, where technetium is found in the groundwater at concentrations as high as 8 nmol L−1. In oxygenated groundwater, the predominant Tc species is the pertechnetate anion,2 TcO4 −, and pertechnetate salts are highly water-soluble and mobile in underground aquifers. When coupled with the long half-life of 99Tc (213,000 years), the resulting probable transport into the biosphere makes the presence of this radioisotope in groundwater a great concern. In view of the low (typically nanomolar) concentrations of Tc involved, the development of resins with enhanced selectivity for the pertechnetate anion over other anions commonly found in groundwater such as chloride, sulfate, and nitrate will have a favorable impact on the economics of groundwater treatment. The objective of our DOE sponsored program was to develop an anion exchange resin which will selectively remove TcO4 − from groundwater while leaving behind other interfering anions. In the course of this work we prepared and evaluated new anion-exchange resins which were designed to be highly selective for pertechnetate, while at the same time maintaining favorable exchange kinetics and good capacity.
Qualitative study of cancer patients’ advance care planning (ACP) values.

e22151Background: Person-Centered Oncologic Care and Choices (P-COCC) is a validated ACP paradigm of a values-focused patient (pt) interview augmented by an informational care goals video. In a ran...
Role of Stefan-Maxwell fluxes in the dynamics of concentrated electrolytes.

This theoretical analysis quantifies the effect of coupled ionic fluxes on the charging dynamics of an electrochemical cell. We consider a model cell consisting of a concentrated, binary electrolyte between parallel, blocking electrodes, under a suddenly applied DC voltage. It is assumed that the magnitude of the applied voltage is small compared to the thermal voltage scale, RT/F, where R is the universal gas constant, T is the temperature and F is the Faraday's constant. We employ the Stefan–Maxwell equations to describe the hydrodynamic coupling of ionic fluxes that arise in concentrated electrolytes. These equations inherently account for asymmetry in the mobilities of the ions in the electrolyte. A modified set of Poisson–Nernst–Planck equations, obtained by incorporating Stefan–Maxwell fluxes into the species balances, are formulated and solved in the limit of weak applied voltages. A long-time asymptotic analysis reveals that the electrolyte dynamics occur on two distinct time scales. The first is a faster “RC” time, τRC = κ−1L/E, where κ−1 is the Debye length, L is the length of the half-cell, and E is an effective diffusivity, which characterizes the evolution of charge density at the electrode. The effective diffusivity, E, is a function of the ambi-polar diffusivity of the salt, a, as well as a cross-diffusivity, +−, of the ions. This time scale also dictates the initial exponential decay of current in the external circuit. At times longer than τRC, the external current again decays exponentially on a slower, diffusive time scale, τD ∼ L2/a, where a is the ambi-polar diffusivity of the salt. This diffusive time scale is due to the unequal ion mobilities that result in a non-uniform bulk concentration of the salt during the charging process. Finally, we propose an approach by which our theory may be used to measure the cross-diffusivity in concentrated electrolytes.
Legal Briefs: Could Herpes Meningocephalitis Have Been Prevented in this Infant?

A 14-day-old female infant born at term was brought to the pediatrician because her right eye was slightly swollen and had a watery discharge. The mother stated that she had an unremarkable pregnancy and vaginal delivery. The records reflected that the infant was healthy at the time of the 48-hour discharge. The physician concluded that a tear duct obstruction was present and asked the parents to massage it. The pediatrician retained by the plaintiff explained that an evaluation of the eye with cultures should have been done. The plaintiff explained that in the past, infants with Neisseria gonorrhoeae conjunctivitis presented at 2 to 5 days of age, but partial suppression by ocular prophylaxis has altered the onset to a later time. Chlamydia trachomatis conjunctivitis typically appears 5 to 14 days after birth. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) conjunctivitis was also an important infection to consider because of potentially devastating consequences if not recognized, especially with the eye being a common portal of entry and site of viral replication. The pediatrician retained by the defense disagreed and stated that it was not standard of care to perform a culture on the discharge, given this infant’s clinical findings . Four days after the pediatrician visit, the mother brought her infant to the emergency department (ED) because of an elevated temperature of 100.5oF (38.1oC). The mother said that an aunt had a cold sore on her mouth when visiting the infant, but no other history of infection was noted at home and the mother again said that her pregnancy was unremarkable. In the ED, the infant’s temperature was 101.5oF (38.6oC). Except for an elevated heart rate of 175 beats/min and periorbital swelling of an erythematous right eye that had a watery discharge, the infant’s examination findings were normal. Two hours after arrival at the …
Smooth Signal Recovery on Product Graphs

Product graphs are a useful way to model richer forms of graph-structured data that can be multi-modal in nature. In this work, we study the reconstruction or estimation of smooth signals on product graphs from noisy measurements. We motivate and present representations and algorithms that exploit the inherent structure in product graphs for better and more computationally efficient recovery. These contributions stem from the key insight that smooth graph signals on product graphs can be structured as low-rank tensors. We develop and present algorithms primarily based on two approaches, the first of which is the Tucker decomposition for tensors, while the second is a flexible convex optimization formulation. We further present numerical experiments that exhibit the superior performance of these methods with respect to existing methods for smooth signal recovery on graphs.
Bystander Program Effectiveness: A Review of the Evidence in Educational Settings (2007–2018)

Bystander interventions are now recognized as promising programming to reduce violence. Tenants of bystander programs include training those who may be “passive” bystanders to become engaged or “active” bystanders by learning to (1) recognize potentially violent or otherwise dangerous situations and (2) act to prevent harm or otherwise defuse the situation. Bystander actions may occur before, during or after a potentially dangerous situation. Here, the effectiveness of 12 bystander programs, reported in 23 publications between 2007 and 2017, were reviewed. Bystander programs are hypothesized to increase bystander efficacy, intentions, or behaviors, and reduce violence acceptance and violence perpetration and victimization. The majority of the bystander programs reviewed were implemented in college settings and used a rigorous experimental design. Receipt of bystander training was associated with an increase in bystander efficacy or intentions (9 of 10 programs reviewed) or bystander behaviors (seven of nine programs). Reductions in violence acceptance were noted in 7 of 11 programs reviewed. Only four programs provided data to evaluate bystander effectiveness to reduce violence; all four found reductions in either sexual violence, sexual harassment, or dating violence. This systematic review of findings from 12 different bystander programs supports the promising nature of bystander programs to increase reports of bystander behaviors. Additional research is needed to understand how and when bystander programming works to reduce violence acceptance and ultimately violence perpetration and victimization.
Initial stability of a percutaneous osseointegrated endoprosthesis with proximal interlocking screws for transhumeral amputees.

Abstract Background Percutaneous osseointegrated devices for skeletal fixation of prosthetic limbs have the potential to improve clinical outcomes in the transhumeral amputee population. Initial endoprosthesis stability is paramount for long-term osseointegration and safe clinical introduction of this technology. We evaluated an endoprosthetic design featuring a distally porous coated titanium stem with proximal slots for placement of bicortical interlocking screws. Methods Yield load, ultimate failure load, and construct stiffness were measured in 18 pairs of fresh-frozen and thawed cadaver humeri, at distal and proximal amputation levels, without and with screws, under axial pull-out, torsion, and bending loads. Paired statistical comparisons were performed without screws at the two resection levels, and at distal and proximal levels with and without screws. Findings Without screws, the location of the amputation influenced the stability only in torsional yield (p = 0.032) and torsional ultimate failure (p = 0.033). Proximally, the torsional yield and the torsional ultimate failure were 44% and 47% of that distally. Screws improved stability. In axial pull-out, screws increased the distal ultimate failure 3.2 times (p = 0.003). In torsion, screws increased the yield at the proximal level 1.9 times (p = 0.035), distal ultimate failure load 3.3 times (p = 0.016) and proximal ultimate failure 6.4 times (p = 0.013). In bending, screws increased ultimate failure at the proximal level 1.6 times (p = 0.026). Interpretation Proximal slots and bicortical interlocking screws may find application in percutaneous osseointegrated devices for patients with amputations, especially in the less stable proximal bone of a short residual limb.
The age-dependent effect of high-dose X-ray radiation on NFκB signaling, structure, and mechanical behavior of the intervertebral disc

Purpose: Ionizing radiation damages tissue and provokes inflammatory responses in multiple organ systems. We investigated the effects of high-dose X-ray radiation on the molecular inflammation and mechanical function of the intervertebral disc (IVD).Methods: Functional spine units (FSUs) containing the vertebrae-IVDs-vertebrae structure extracted from 1-month, 6-month, and 16-month-old NFκB-luciferase reporter mice and from 6-month-old myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-null mice. After a preconditioning period in culture, the FSUs were subjected a single dose of ionizing X-ray radiation at 20 Gys, and then NFκB expression was monitored. The IVDs were then subjected to mechanical testing using dynamic compression, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) quantification, and histological analyses.Results: In the 1-month-old FSUs, the NFκB-driven luciferase activity was significantly elevated for 1 day following the exposure to radiation. The 6-month-old FSUs showed increased NFκB activity for 3 days, while the 16-month-old FSUs sustained elevated levels of NFκB activity throughout the 10-day culture period. All irradiated groups showed significant loss of disc height, GAG content, mechanical function and changes in structure. Ablation of MyD88 blunted the radiation-mediated NFκB signaling, and preserved GAG content, and the IVDs' structure and mechanical performance.Conclusions: These results suggest that high-dose radiation affects the IVDs' NFκB-dependent inflammatory processes that subsequently lead to functional deterioration. Blocking the transactivation potential of NFκB via MyD88 ablation preserved the structure and mechanical function of the FSUs. The long-term effects of radiation on IVD homeostasis should be considered in individuals susceptible to occupational and medical exposure.
MALARIA UNMASKS BRUGADA

Brugada syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder associated with ventricular arrhythmias that can result in syncope or premature death. A 43 year-old female presented with worsening fevers, chills, generalized body aches, nausea, and headaches of 1 week duration after spending a month in
Older, non-demented apolipoprotein ε4 carrier males show hyperactivation and structural differences in odor memory regions: a blood-oxygen-level-dependent and structural magnetic resonance imaging study

The current study sought to examine the interaction of sex and Apolipoprotein e4 status on olfactory recognition memory within non-demented, older individuals. We separated 39 participants into groups based on e4 status and sex. Each participant completed an olfactory memory recognition task during 2 functional magnetic resonance imaging scans and 1 structural scan. The e4 carriers had greater functional recruitment of memory regions during false positives relative to e4 non-carriers. During hits, the male e4 carriers showed greater functional recruitment compared to female e4 carriers. The e4 carriers had larger bilateral putamen volumes relative to e4 non-carriers. Neuroimaging data were significantly associated with Dementia Rating Scale scores solely in males. Results suggest differential olfactory memory processing in relation to sex and e4 status. Male e4 carriers in particular, demonstrated hyperactivation during recognition memory, which we suspect reflects neuronal compensation to maintain functional performance. Future studies should consider examining underlying mechanisms that contribute to these sex differences within e4 carriers.
Elastic response of hollow truss lattice micro-architectures

Abstract Elastic meta-materials, which we will treat herein as synonymous with elastic micro-architected materials, derive their unique combination of properties from the fine scale geometry of their solid and void regions. Recent advances in additive manufacturing have made the fabrication of such micro-architected materials feasible, and have driven interest in their properties. We consider the class of elastic meta-materials whose micro-architectures are composed of a network of straight struts connected at nodes arranged within a repeating unit cell; the octet truss is one well-known example of such truss lattices. Heretofore, the majority of work characterizing such truss lattices has considered solid struts and has been based on rod theory, a simplification of continuum elasticity which is accurate in the limit of low relative densities. In this paper, we use full continuum theory, solved with finite element analysis on adaptively refined meshes, to characterize the elastic performance of seven truss lattices with cubic geometric symmetry, and whose struts and nodes are hollow; we consider a wide range of strut wall thicknesses and truss relative densities. Varying the wall thickness provides an additional dimension of control, so that stiffness and anisotropy can, to an extent, be decoupled from the relative density of a given truss lattice. We show that a truss’ stiffness can be increased at fixed relative density, with bend-dominated truss lattices showing significantly greater improvement than stretch-dominated designs. Increases in stiffness by a factor of greater than five are observed, and increases by a factor of 100 or more are obtainable. Bend-dominated structures with hollow struts can be found that are stiffer than stretch-dominated ones at nearly all relative densities, contradicting a common rule of thumb. For some trusses, including the octet truss, choosing the wall thickness appropriately allows one to obtain isotropic response over a large range of volume fractions. We use topology optimization to find maximally stiff multiscale structures comprised of micro-architected materials and find that all the trusses we consider perform similarly, with anisotropic trusses resulting in slightly stiffer structures for a given load.
Practical considerations for using noncontingent reinforcement with matched stimulation or response interruption and redirection in school

Q What are the effects of noncontingent reinforcement with matched stimulation (NCR-M) compared to response interruption redirection (RIRD) on reducing levels of vocal stereotypy in adolescents wit...
Determining the Number of Factors When Population Models Can Be Closely Approximated by Parsimonious Models.

Despite the existence of many methods for determining the number of factors, none outperforms the others under every condition. This study compares traditional parallel analysis (TPA), revised para...
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Religious Motivation: Retrospect and Prospect

Intrinsic and extrinsic (I/E) religious motives remain a perennial topic of interest within the psychology of religion. Yet, the status of this construct remains unclear despite many decades of res...
Documenting evidence of a reuse of ‘a systematic literature review of techniques and metrics to reduce the cost of mutation testing’

This submission is a report on the reuse of Pizzoleto et al.'s Systematic Literature Review by Guizzo et al.
Extracellular Vesicles in Health and Disease

The journal, Aging and Disease, has released a special issue on "Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in Health and Disease." The special issue comprises review and original research articles discussing the role of EVs in aging and senescence, the utility of evaluating EVs in body fluids for understanding the pathophysiology or progression of various diseases such as Parkinson's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy, and Morphine induced amyloidopathy. Also, a series of articles discussed the promise of stem cell-derived EVs for treating Parkinson's Disease, Sjogren's Syndrome, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and advancements in loading EVs to deliver nucleic acid therapies. This editorial discusses the highlights from these articles.
Disparities in Health and Economic Burdens of Cancer Attributable to Suboptimal Diet in the United States, 2015‒2018

Objectives. To quantify disparities in health and economic burdens of cancer attributable to suboptimal diet among US adults. Methods. Using a probabilistic cohort state-transition model, we estima...
Peritoneal fluid prostanoids in unexplained infertility.

Abstract Elevated peritoneal fluid thromboxane B 2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F 1α have been reported in patients with biopsy-proved endometriosis. In this paper these peritoneal fluid prostanoids were measured in patients with unexplained infertility and a fertile control group matched for age and day of the menstrual cycle. A subgroup of the women with unexplained infertility demonstrated a marked elevation of both prostanoids (p
Performance analysis for bit-interleaved space-time coded modulation with iterative decoding

Iteratively decoded bit-interleaved space-time coded modulation (BI-STCM) greatly lowers bit error rate (BER) over fast Rayleigh fading multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. We develop a general, tight and efficient theoretical error-free feedback bound (EF bound) to analyze the asymptotic BER when the receiver has either perfect or imperfect channel state information (CSI). The convergence to the EF bound and the accuracy of the prediction are verified by simulation for both cases. With the best rate 1/2 4-state convolutional code and the 16-QAM modified set partitioning labeling, the BER of 10/sup -6/ can be achieved at E/sub b//N/sub 0/ = 1.6 dB with 2 transmit and 2 receive antennas for the case of perfect CSI.
Keeping the peace

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the interaction between self-reported proactive personality, competence, and interpersonal conflict in the prediction of supervisor ratings of organizational citizenship behaviors directed at individuals (OCBI) and organizations (OCBO). Design/methodology/approach – Data were obtained from 165 full-time subordinate-supervisor dyads. Employees self-reported personality and control variable information in wave 1 and competence and interpersonal conflict information in wave 2. Data regarding employee OCB performance were collected from supervisors in wave 3. Findings – Results suggest that OCBs are performed less frequently in stressful circumstances but that proactive personality appears to assuage the effects of stress. Significant two- and three-way interactions suggest the interplay of personal and situational characteristics are more complex in predicting OCBO than OCBI, likely due to its more distal nature. Practical implications – Results of the cu...
Discovering the concise set of actionable patterns

It is highly expected that knowledge discovery and data mining (KDD) methods can extract useful and understandable knowledge from large amount of data. Action rule mining presents an approach to automatically construct relevantly useful and understandable strategies by comparing the profiles of two sets of targeted objects -- those that are desirable and those that are undesirable. The discovered knowledge provides an insight of how relationships should be managed so that objects of low performance can be improved. Traditionally, it was constructed from one or two classification rules. The quality and quantity of such Action Rules depend on adopted classification methods. In this paper, we present StrategyGenerator, a new algorithm for constructing a complete set of Action Rules which satisfies specified constraints. This algorithm does not require prior extraction of classification rules. Action rules are generated directly from a database.
Single mass dual frequency fixed delayed resonator (DFFDR)

A novel concept, the delayed resonator (DR), as a tunable active vibration absorber has been introduced by the authors' group at the University of Connecticut. This unique technique uses a very simple control which has only a time delayed feedback of the absorber mass displacement. The absorber can completely remove oscillations from the primary structure when the primary is excited by a simple harmonic force. The work presented here treats a considerably more complex proposition dual frequency fixed delayed resonator (DFFDR). The device, DFFDR, is obtained by a similar delayed position feedback mechanism as in the case of DR, but this feedback imparts two (instead of one) distinct and fixed resonance frequencies. The interesting feature is in the simplicity of the control which can enforce two natural frequencies (and two corresponding natural modes), to a single mass, or single degree of freedom (SDOF) system.
The Depth Image Restoring Based on Harris Corner Detection

Obtaining the depth image is the foundation of the research on other direction of Kinect. When to obtain the depth image information in a Kinect, it can t obtain the depth image accurately if there is a shelter in front of the body, and then the recognition and the restoration of the skeleton will become very difficult. This paper uses the method of Harris corner detection to detect shelter corner which is used to detect the range of shelter and restore the depth image information. But different from the traditional way, this paper uses the depth data values in the corner detection instead of the gray date values. After detecting corner, a series of actions of depth value substitution and smoothing will be done to repair occluded depth image.