cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Short-Term Response of Land Birds to Ponderosa Pine Restoration

We monitored the short-term (>3 years) response of land birds to forest restoration treatments in Ponderosa pine forests located on the east slope of the North Cascade Range. Restoration treatments were designed to create stand structure and composition similar to pre-settlement forests, which were influenced by a frequent fire regime. Overall, avian community composition was changed as a result of the treatments. Cassin’s Finch, Chipping Sparrow, and Yellow-rumped Warbler were found at higher densities in treated stands, whereas Mountain Chickadee, Western Tanager, and Red-breasted Nuthatch had higher densities in untreated stands. White-headed Woodpecker and Western Bluebird were only detected in the treated stands. Brown-headed Cowbird showed no response to treatments. We detected changes in the density of four of five foraging guilds in response to restoration treatments. Tree seedeaters, low understory and ground insectivores, and aerial insectivores all increased in density in treated stands. Overall, bark insectivores showed no density response to treatments. Tree foliage insectivore density was lower in treated than in untreated stands. Overall avian density, density of neotropical migrants, and density of some focal species were higher in treated stands. Monitoring should be continued to understand the longer-term (5–10 year) responses of land birds and to guide future forest restoration efforts.
A new intermediate in the photocycle of bacteriorhodopsin

With increasing pH (6.0 to 10.5) there is an increasing discrepancy between the recovery rate of bacteriorhodopsin after a flash and the decay rates of the key photointermediates, Mfast and Mslow, which is not predicted by any model of the photocycle. However, a very slowly decaying absorbance change at 350 nm has kinetics which match the very slow part of the recovery of bacteriorhodopsin, suggesting a new intermediate. The difference spectra of the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle measured at pH 10.5, obtained from fitting 3 exponentials to the flash-induced absorbance changes in the 300–560 nm wavelength range, show maxima, at 410–420 nm corresponding to the 2 forms of M and at 350 nm corresponding to the new intermediate. We propose to call this new species R350.
The 18O(α, p) reaction and the beta decay of 21F

Abstract The 18O(α, p)21F reaction has been studied in the bombarding energy range 7.78 to 9.95 MeV by observing, with approximately 2π geometry, the beta particles following the 21F decay. Prominent peaks in the yield curve occur at incident particle laboratory energies of about 7.86, 8.36, 8.61, 8.71, 8.83, 8.94, 9.16, 9.28, 9.43 and 9.82 MeV. The observed width of the peaks exceeds the experimental resolution of about 20 KeV. A half-life of 4.35±0.04 sec was determined for the 21F beta decay.
Computational simulation and modeling of polymer-composite nanoparticles: New insights and directions for advanced materials

With the recent advent o f an experimenta l t e chn ique for p roduc ing polym e r part icles of arbitrary compos i t i on and size [1,2], compu ta t i ona l techn iques that allowdetai led examina t ion of the s t ructure and proper t i es of submic ron sized part icles have b e c o m e invaluable tools. In particular, molecular mode l ing provides a way of visualizing p rocesses at a sub-macromolecular level that also connec t s theory and e x p e r i m e n t . Par t icular ly a t t rac t ive f rom a computa t iona l po in t of view, is that the part icles are ve ry close to the size scale w h e r e a c o m p l e t e atomist ic mode l can be s tudied wi thou t using artificial constraints such as per iod ic bounda ry condi t ions , yet these particles are too small for traditional experimental s t ruc tu re /p rope r ty determination. Polymeric part icles in the nanoand m i c r o m e t e r size range may s h o w many n e w and interest ing p roper t i es due to size reduc t ion to the point w h e r e critical length scales of physical p h e n o m e n a b e c o m e comparab le to or larger than the size of the s t ructure itself. This size-scale media t ion of the p roper t i es (mechanical , physical, electrical, c tc) opens a facile avenue for the p r o d u c t i o n of mater ia l s w i t h pred e s i g n e d p rope r t i e s . [3 ,4 ] We have d e v e l o p e d a n u m b e r of novel and p o w e r f u l c o m p u t a t i o n a l t e c h n i q u e s that a l low us to deve lop a molecu la r level unders tand ing of h o w the various proper t ies arc in f luenced bv the sizescale of the material . [5-7]The pr imary tool is a mo lecu la r dynamics-based computa t iona l a lgor i thm for generating and mode l ing po lymer nano-particles w h i c h leads to part icles that are as similar as possible to the exper imentally c rea ted po lymer particles.[']
A geochemical sampling technique for use in areas of active alpine glaciation: an application from the central Alaska Range

Abstract In mountainous regions containing extensive glacier systems there is a lack of suitable material for conventional geochemical sampling. As a result, in most geochemical sampling programs a few stream-sediment samples collected at, or near, the terminus of valley glaciers are used to evaluate the mineral potential of the glaciated area. We have developed and tested a technique which utilizes the medial moraines of valley glaciers for systematic geochemical exploration of the glacial catchment area. Moraine sampling provides geochemical information that is site-specific in that geochemical anomalies can be traced directly up-ice to bedrock sources. Traverses were made across the Trident and Susitna glaciers in the central Alaska Range where fine-grained (clay to sand size) samples were collected from each medial moraine. These samples were prepared and chemically analyzed to determine the concentration of specific elements. Fifty pebbles were collected at each moraine for archival purposes and for subsequent lithologic identification. Additionally, fifty cobbles and fifty boulders were examined and described at each sample site to determine the nature and abundance of lithologies present in the catchment area, the extent and nature of visible mineralization, the presence and intensity of hydrothermal alteration and the existence of veins, dikes and other minor structural features. Results from the central Alaska Range have delineated four distinct multi-element anomalies which are a response to potential mineralization up-ice from the medial moraine traverse. By integrating the lithologic, mineralogical and geochemical data the probable geological setting of the geochemical anomalies is determined.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Kir3 following κ-Opioid Receptor Activation of p38 MAPK Causes Heterologous Desensitization

Prior studies showed that tyrosine 12 phosphorylation in the N-terminal, cytoplasmic domain of the G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel, Kir3.1 facilitates channel deactivation by increasing intrinsic GTPase activity of the channel. Using a phosphoselective antibody directed against this residue (pY12), we now report that partial sciatic nerve ligation increased pY12-Kir3.1-immunoreactivity (ir) in the ipsilateral dorsal horn of wild-type mice, but not in mice lacking the κ-opioid receptor (KOR) or lacking the G-protein receptor kinase 3 (GRK3) genes. Treatment of AtT-20 cells stably expressing KOR-GFP with the selective KOR agonist U50,488 increased both phospho-p38-ir and pY12-Kir3.1-ir. The U50,488-induced increase in pY12-Kir3.1-ir was blocked by the p38 inhibitor SB203580. Cells expressing KOR(S369A)-GFP did not increase either phospho-p38-ir or pY12-Kir3.1-ir following U50,488 treatment. Whole cell voltage clamp of AtT-20 cells expressing KOR-GFP demonstrated that p38 activation by U50,488 reduced somatostatin-evoked Kir3 currents. This heterologous desensitization was blocked by SB203580 and was not evident in cells expressing KOR(S369A)-GFP. Tyrosine phosphorylation of Kir3.1 was likely mediated by p38 MAPK activation of Src kinase. U50,488 also increased (pY418)Src-ir; this increase was blocked by SB203580 and not evident in KOR(S369A)-GFP expressing AtT20 cells; the Src inhibitor PP2 blocked the U50,488-induced increase in pY12-Kir3.1-ir; and the heterologous desensitization of Kir3 currents was blocked by PP2. These results suggest that KOR causes phosphorylation of Y12-Kir3.1 and channel inhibition through a GRK3-, p38 MAPK- and Src-dependent mechanism. Reduced inward potassium current following nerve ligation would increase dorsal horn neuronal excitability and may contribute to the neuropathic pain response.
Interface states in polyfluorene-based metal–insulator–semiconductor devices

Abstract Hybrid metal–insulator–semiconductor structures based on ethyl-hexyl substituted polyfluorene (PF2/6) as the active polymer semiconductor were fabricated on a highly doped p-Si substrate with Al2O3 as the insulating oxide layer. We present detailed frequency-dependent capacitance–voltage (C–V) and conductance–voltage characteristics of the semiconductor/insulator interface. PF2/6 undergoes a transition to an ordered crystalline phase upon thermal cycling from its nematic-liquid crystalline phase, confirmed by our atomic force microscope images. Thermal cycling of the PF2/6 films significantly improves the quality of the (PF2/6)/Al2O3 interface, which is identified as a reduced hysteresis in the C–V curve and a decreased interface state density (Dit) from ∼3.9 × 1012 eV−1 cm−2 to ∼3.3 × 1011 eV−1 cm−2 at the flat-band voltage. Interface states give rise to energy levels that are confined to the polymer/insulator interface. A conductance loss peak, observed due to the capture and emission of carriers by the interface states, fits very well with a single time constant model from which the Dit values are inferred.
Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase: inhibition in ducks dosed with lead shot.

Abstract Lead concentration in blood and erythrocyte δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity was measured in mallard ducks dosed with one all-lead shot or one lead-iron combination shot. For 2 weeks after dosage, lead in blood of ducks given an all-lead shot was fourfold higher than in those dosed with lead-iron shot. At 3 and 4 weeks, the differences in lead residues were directly proportional to lead content of the shots. ALAD activities measured at these intervals were inversely correlated (P
New Software for Plotting and Analyzing Stratigraphic Data

[1] Stratigraphy, the study of layering in rock, ice, and sediment records, lies at the heart of the geological sciences. The lithology, grain size, and texture of layered successions, along with a host of measurable geochemical and geophysical parameters, record information about past environmental and geographic conditions. Despite the importance of stratigraphic records to Earth history, there is a dearth of accessible, user-friendly open-source software for generating stratigraphic plots and analyzing stratigraphic data. Often, stratigraphic logs and associated geochemical and geophysical data are assembled and plotted manually using multiple software packages. The integrated stratigraphic data can then be cumbersome to analyze quantitatively.
Temporal logic inference for classification and prediction from data

This paper presents an inference algorithm that can discover temporal logic properties of a system from data. Our algorithm operates on finite time system trajectories that are labeled according to whether or not they demonstrate some desirable system properties (e.g. "the car successfully stops before hitting an obstruction"). A temporal logic formula that can discriminate between the desirable behaviors and the undesirable ones is constructed. The formulae also indicate possible causes for each set of behaviors (e.g. "If the speed of the car is greater than 15 m/s within 0.5s of brake application, the obstruction will be struck") which can be used to tune designs or to perform on-line monitoring to ensure the desired behavior. We introduce reactive parameter signal temporal logic (rPSTL), a fragment of parameter signal temporal logic (PSTL) that is expressive enough to capture causal, spatial, and temporal relationships in data. We define a partial order over the set of rPSTL formulae that is based on language inclusion. This order enables a directed search over this set, i.e. given a candidate rPSTL formula that does not adequately match the observed data, we can automatically construct a formula that will fit the data at least as well. Two case studies, one involving a cattle herding scenario and one involving a stochastic hybrid gene circuit model, are presented to illustrate our approach.
Subunit Size, Work System Interdependence, and Employee Absenteeism:

This study is concerned with the effects of subunit size and work system interdependence on short-term absenteeism among elementary teachers. The results of the path analyses show that these two structural characteristics have a direct effect on teacher absenteeism. Moreover, these effects persist after total size of the organization and various personal characteristics are taken into account.
White light oblique incidence reflectometer for measuring absorption and reduced scattering spectra of tissue-like turbid media

We designed a quick and inexpensive system for spectral measurements of optical properties including absorption coefficient and reduced scattering coefficient. The system was based on oblique incidence reflectometry.[1] A broad band light source was coupled into an optic fiber to deliver light obliquely to turbid media. Nine detection optic fibers were used to collect the diffuse reflectance as a function of source-detector distance. The relative diffuse reflectance profile was used to deduce the absorption and reduced scattering spectra. The system was able to acquire data in a wavelength range of 256 nm within a fraction of a second.
Geography and Environmental Literacy: Let's Look Before We Leap∗

(1993). Geography and Environmental Literacy: Let's Look Before We Leap. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 351-354.
Pharmacological modification of tumor blood flow: lack of correlation between alteration of mean arterial blood pressure and changes in tumor perfusion.

Abstract The correlation between mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and vascular perfusion in SCC-VII/St tumors in mice was compared following administration of three vasoactive drugs: flavone acetic acid (200 mg/kg), hydralazine (5 mg/kg), or nicotinamide (500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg). MABP was measured by the direct method in unanesthetized, unrestrained mice bearing a carotid catheter. Vascular perfusion of the tumor was measured using the 86 RbCl extraction method. Body temperature was maintained at 36° to 37°C after drug administration when necessary. All three drugs reduced MABP from a control value of 125 ± 2 (s.e.) mm Hg in mice without tumors. Flavone acetic acid at this dose had the least effect on blood pressure, with a minimum of 86% of control values at 10 to 20 min, and a return to control values by 1 hr. However, it produced a profound reduction in tumor perfusion that lasted more than 48 hr. Hydralazine and nicotinamide reduced blood pressure to minima between 55% and 69% of control values within 30 min, followed by a gradual return toward control values by about 8 hr. The reduction in tumor perfusion by hydralazine paralleled its effect on blood pressure. However, nicotinamide produced a transitory, although not statistically significant, increase in tumor perfusion at the highest dose given. These data demonstrate that tumor blood flow modification by drugs is not necessarily the result of changes in MABP, and blood pressure changes alone do not inevitably lead to changes in tumor perfusion.
Communicator Trust across Media: A Comparison of Audio Conferencing, Video Conferencing, and a 3D Virtual Environment

Geographically dispersed teams rely on information and communication technologies (ICTs) to communicate and collaborate. Three ICTs that have received attention are audio conferencing (AC), video conferencing (VC), and, recently, 3D virtual environments (3D VEs). These ICTs represent communication media that differ in the number and type of cues available. In this study, the media are compared using a media determinant theories and uncertainty reduction theory. It is argued that differences among these media will impact perceptions of trust toward a communicator. An experimental task was utilized to collect repeated measures data on individual perceptions. Results of the analysis provide partial support for the hypotheses, but the effects seem to change over time. Potential explanations include an unanticipated priming effect due to the repeated measures nature of the survey. This explanation is discussed, along with implications, limitations, and directions for future research.
Effective population numbers of shellfish broodstocks estimated from temporal variance in allelic frequencies

Abstract Effective population number (Ne) can be estimated from temporal changes in the frequencies of selectively neutral alleles in isolated populations. The utility and limitations of this temporal method for aquaculture broodstocks are examined using published allozyme data for 16 shellfish stocks and their wild progenitors. Estimates of Ne for these broodstocks are all less than 100, and 13 are less than 50. For eight stocks, estimated Ne agrees with records of breeding numbers (Nb), but in the remaining eight cases, Nb lies outside of the 95% confidence interval for estimated Ne. Assumptions of the temporal method are evaluated. First, two independent tests, one based on the distribution of temporal variances at individual loci, the other on the expected loss of alleles from finite populations suggest that allozymes behave as selectively neutral genetic markers suitable for estimating genetic drift and Ne. Second, migration into a stock can have diverse effects on estimates of Ne, depending on the genetic similarity of immigrants and the captive broodstock population. Exchange among diverged hatchery stocks of Kuruma shrimp appears to have inflated temporal change, reducing estimated Ne; on the other hand, additions of wild hard clams to a hatchery stock appear to have retarded temporal change, increasing estimated Ne. Four cases in which Nb is smaller than the lower confidence limit of estimated Ne are explained by contamination among stocks propagated simultaneously in the same hatchery. Finally, comparison of captive broodstocks with contemporary samples from natural sources confounds genetic drift that has occurred in both lineages; genetic drift is not negligible in some natural populations, leading to uncertainty in some Ne estimates. For four cases in which Nb is much larger than estimated Ne, variance in reproductive success is proposed as the most likely explanation of loss of genetic diversity over time. The extremely high fecundities and variable fertilities of aquatic organisms must be taken into account in broodstock management, particularly if hatchery products are used to enhance natural populations. The temporal method, when correctly applied and interpreted, provides new insight into the genetics of aquaculture broodstock populations.
Antiplatelet therapy in the prevention of stroke

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is effective in reducing vascular outcome events in patients with atherosclerosis: a relative risk reduction of about 30% for stroke, 22% for stroke and death, and 15% for vascular mortality. It is probable that low and high dose aspirin are similar in efficacy. Complications are more frequent with high dose aspirin than with low doses. Four randomised trials evaluating sulfinpyrazone vs placebo, and 3 trials evaluating sulfinpyrazone vs aspirin, showed more cerebrovascular events in the sulfinpyrazone group than in the aspirin and placebo groups. One small trial comparing dipyridamole with placebo in patients with cerebrovascular disease found no difference between the 2 groups in outcome. No other studies have compared dipyridamole alone with placebo or aspirin. The European Stroke Prevention Study II is currently in progress and is comparing dipyridamole + aspirin, dipyridamole, aspirin, and placebo. In the first year, the Ticlopidine Aspirin Stroke Study (TASS) showed a 42% risk reduction for stroke and death using the efficacy analysis and a 47% risk reduction for stroke and stroke death. Ticlopidine was more effective than aspirin in reducing stroke in both males and females. Apart from a reversible severe neutropenia in 0.86% of patients, ticlopidine-related adverse effects were relatively benign and reversible. The Canadian-American Ticlopidine Study (CATS) compared ticlopidine with placebo in patients with completed major strokes. The cumulative event rates for the primary outcome events of stroke, myocardial infarction and vascular death, using the efficacy approach, show clear evidence of separation almost immediately after randomisation, consistent with a constant risk reduction of about 30% in the ticlopidine group. These data provide strong evidence that ticlopidine conveys a clinically important reduction in the risk of thromboembolic events in patients with a history of completed thromboembolic stroke. In conclusion, aspirin is effective in preventing atherothrombotic morbidity and mortality. It reduces the overall vascular event rate by about 25%. Sulfinpyrazone and dipyridamole appear to add nothing important over aspirin alone. Ticlopidine is more effective than aspirin in preventing stroke. The modest, reversible risk of neutropenia, affecting less than 1% of patients, makes the benefit: risk ratio a reasonable one.
Parenting and feeding behaviors associated with school-aged African American and White children.

Pediatric obesity is multifactorial and difficult to treat. Parenting and feeding behaviors have been shown to influence a child’s weight status. Most prior studies have focused on preschool-aged W...
Low level RF system design for the PEP-II B factory

Heavy beam loading in PEP-II has driven the design of the low level RF system to contain feedback loops similar to those used in proton rings. The RF feedback loops control longitudinal coupled-bunch instabilities caused by the beam interaction with the accelerating mode of the RF cavities by reducing the cavity impedance observed by the beam. The RF system employs a modular design housed in a VXI environment and uses the EPICS control system. Modern control system design and signal processing is used throughout the system. This paper describes the RF system topology and the signal processing used to fulfill the system requirements.
Stabilized-finite-element/interface-capturing technique for parallel computation of unsteady flows with interfaces

We present the stabilized-finite-element/interface-capturing (SFE/IC) method developed for parallel computation of unsteady flow problems with two-fluid interfaces and free surfaces. The SFE/IC method involves stabilized formulations, an interface-sharpening technique, and the enforcement of global mass conservation for each fluid. The SFE/IC method has been efficiently implemented on the CRAY T3E parallel supercomputer. A number of 2D test problems are presented to demonstrate how the SFE/IC method works and the accuracy it attains. We also show how the SFE/IC method can be very effectively applied to 3D simulation of challenging flow problems, such as two-fluid interfaces in a centrifuge tube and operational stability of a partially filled tanker truck driving over a bump.
Enantiospecific synthesis of the the tricyclxc nucleus of acetoxycrenulide by claisen ring exfansion

Abstract The known R lactone 4 has been transformed in 9 steps into optically pure 2 , a molecule possessing the ring system characteristic of the crenulide diterpenes. In the key step, chirality transfer is accomplished via a Z -selective Claisen ring expansion.
Daytime sleepiness and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: results from the Nurses’ Health Study II

Objective The objective of this study was to determine whether daytime sleepiness is independently associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke or whether the positive association is explained by short sleep duration, disturbed sleep, and circadian disruption, conditions that are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors for vascular events.
Befriending the enemy: Outgroup friendship longitudinally predicts intergroup attitudes in a coexistence program for Israelis and Palestinians

One of the largest Middle East coexistence programs annually brings together Israeli and Palestinian teenagers for a 3-week camp in the United States. For 3 years, we longitudinally tracked how thi...
Electron microscopic studies of anterior pituitary glands from lactating and estrogen-treated rats.

Anterior pituitary glands from mature virgin female, estrogen, treated, and lactating rats were studied with the electron microscope. It was found that the endoplasmic reticulum underwent extensive change during lactation. A similar situation was also found in the pituitaries of the estrogen treated animals. This well developed reticulum was localized mainly in the acidophils with 600 mμ granules, indicating these cells are probably responsible for the elaboration of lactogenic hormone. In addition to thin sections for electron microscopy, thick sections were taken for light microscopy. The pituitaries from the animals which were injected with estrogen were assayed for lactogenic hormone. On the basis of these results and those of others a scheme is presented for production and release of lactogenic hormone from certain of the acidophilic cells.
A Critique of the ANSI Standard on Role-Based Access Control

In 2004, the American National Standards Institute approved the Role-Based Access Control standard to fulfill "a need among government and industry purchasers of information technology products for a consistent and uniform definition of role based access control (RBAC) features". Such uniform definitions give IT product vendors and customers a common and unambiguous terminology for RBAC features, which can lead to wider adoption of RBAC and increased productivity. However, the current ANSI RBAC Standard has several limitations, design flaws, and technical errors that, it unaddressed, could lead to confusions among IT product vendors and customers and to RBAC implementations with different semantics, thus defeating the standard's purpose.
“Standardless” X-ray diffraction quantitative analysis

Abstract An alternate derivation of Chung's (1974) equation for quantitative compound analysis by X-ray diffraction is presented, and verified from experimental data, to show that for most purposes, no internal standard need be added to a sample material during analysis. The reference intensity constant ( k Bi ) must be determined for all analyzed components, however, and internal standards must be used or special absorption measurements made for samples containing amorphous components.
Oxygen Desaturation during Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy in Pediatric Patients

Study objective Pulse oximetry was used to measure arterial oxygen saturation and the extent of hypoxemia in pediatric patients undergoing FB. Design Arterial oxygen saturation was measured (1) prior to the procedure to provide a baseline value, (2) when the bronchoscope was positioned in the nasopharynx, and (3) when the bronchoscope was positioned in the mid-trachea. Setting Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed in the Pediatric Special Care Unit or in the Pediatric Pulmonary Laboratory using an Olympus BF3C4 fiberoptic bronchoscope with a 3.5-mm outer diameter. Patients or participants Thirty-six children who underwent diagnostic or therapeutic bronchoscopy for a variety of reasons were evaluated. They ranged in age from 6 to 142 months; 20 were male and 16 were female. Interventions There were no interventions. Measurements and results Of the 36 patients, 29 experienced a fall in SaO2 levels exceeding 5 percent of baseline values. The youngest age group, 6 to 12 months, showed the greatest drop in saturation as compared with the other groups. Desaturation was significantly increased by midtracheal FB. Conclusions A decline in arterial oxygen saturation that may be substantial in infants and children undergoing FB examination was frequently noted, especially in smaller infants and when the bronchoscope was positioned in the mid-trachea. Supplemental oxygen and a brisk procedure time will minimize the risk of dangerous hypoxia. (Chest 1991; 99:591–94)
Byzantine Chain Replication

We present a new class of Byzantine-tolerant State Machine Replication protocols for asynchronous environments that we term Byzantine Chain Replication. We demonstrate two implementations that present different trade-offs between performance and security, and compare these with related work. Leveraging an external reconfiguration service, these protocols are not based on Byzantine consensus, do not require majority-based quorums during normal operation, and the set of replicas is easy to reconfigure.
Evaluating dental faculty performance: perceptions of dental school deans.

In this study 57 deans in 67 United States and Canadian Dental Schools ranked, in decreasing order of importance, 12 performance criteria and then ranked the same 12 criteria as they perceived faculty would rank them. Agreement between the deans' two global rankings gave a Spearman's rank-order correlation of .92. Although the general level of agreement between the two perceptual ranks was significant, several important discrepancies in rank order were identified. Deans perceived that faculty would rank number of publications first and classroom, clinical, and laboratory teaching third. Deans personally ranked classroom, clinical, and laboratory teaching as first and number of publications as fourth. Implications of the discrepancy between the perceived importance of research productivity and teaching in faculty evaluation were discussed with respect to the increasing emphasis placed on research for dental faculty within the university.
Getting a Grip on Aromatase Inhibitor–Associated Arthralgias

reported large variability in reports of musculoskeletal disorders, with rates of patients on AIs ranging from 5% to 35%. In the community, the rate of AI-related arthralgia appears to be higher. In a survey of 200 patients with breast cancer on adjuvant AI therapy, more than 40% of women reported worsening or new-onset joint pain or stiffness after starting AIs. 9 Among those with AI-related joint symptoms, about two thirds experienced moderate to severe symptoms. This variability reflects a critical issue with regard to clinical trial toxicity assessments and patient reported symptoms.
Uniform color space is not homogeneous

Historical data of chroma scaling and hue scaling are compared and evidence is shown that we do not have a reliable basis in either case. Several data sets indicate explicitly or implicitly that the number of constant sized hue differences between unique hues as well as in the quadrants of the a*, b* diagram differs making what is commonly regarded as uniform color space inhomogeneous. This problem is also shown to affect the OSA-UCS space. A Euclidean uniform psychological or psychophysical color space appears to be impossible.
Rapid-scan pump–probe spectroscopy with high time and wave-number resolution: optical-Kerr-effect measurements of neat liquids

A system for the rapid-scan (RS) acquisition of time-resolved nonlinear spectroscopic signals, capable of femtosecond resolution over a range of tens of picoseconds, is presented. Operationally, the system is based on a magnetically driven, commercially available velocity transducer that continuously scans a probe delay line relative to a fixed delay line while data are recorded on the fly and in real time. A simple calibration and data time-scale linearization are carried out and tested on optical-heterodyne-detected optical-Kerr-effect measurements. These results are compared with data acquired with a detection system that is based on a stepped delay-line lock-in amplifier. It is found that the RS system is favorable in several areas of signal acquisition, including signal-to-noise ratio, acquisition time, spectral resolution in the Fourier-transformed data, and immunity to artifacts such as baseline distortions.
An in vitro comparison of two suture intervals using braided absorbable loop suture in the equine linea alba.

Objective— To compare bursting strength and failure modes of ventral median abdominal incisions closed with loop suture in a simple continuous pattern using two different suture-bite intervals. Study Design— In vitro experiment. Sample Population— Equine cadavers (n=14; weighing >318 kg; postmortem interval <2 hours). Methods— A template was used to make a 25 cm incision with suture interval and bite size of either 1.0 cm × 1.5 cm or 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm. A 200 L polyurethane bladder was inserted within the abdomen and insufflated to create abdominal wall tension. Celiotomies were closed with a #2 braided lactomer 9-1 continuous pattern with a loop suture. Deviation from the linea, closure time (minutes), total suture length (cm), suture length to wound ratio (SL:WL), bursting pressure (mm Hg), and failure modes (fascial or suture) were compared between groups using a Mann–Whitney U test. Significance was set at P<.05. Results— No significant differences were identified between closing time, total suture length used, SL:WL, bursting pressure, or failure mode. Fascial failure was the main failure mode for both techniques; suture failure occurred rarely and knot failure did not occur. Conclusion— Based on the overall bursting pressure and failure mode, #2 braided lactomer loop suture placed in a continuous pattern should provide sufficient security for closure of the equine linea alba during recovery and the immediate postoperative period. Clinical Relevance— Although there were no significant differences in the 2 patterns evaluated, the 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm pattern may have potential advantages for closure time, less total suture remaining in the wound, and strength.
Tumor in the Wrist

Large tumors in this area, especially if they extend into the joint, may require an amputation. Smaller tumors, however, may be dealt with using a more conservative, limb-preserving resection. In such cases, neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemoradiation may be helpful. The patient presented here initially underwent surgery elsewhere for a diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. When a suspicious piece of tissue was found and removed, however, it was histologically diagnosed as synovial sarcoma. On the initial physical examination, there was no residual palpable mass. The patient wished to have limb salvage, accepting the higher risk of local recurrence rather than have an amputation as initial treatment.
An Up-Front Guide to Getting Promoted: Slow and Steady

For many years there has been a debate about the explanation for the common observation that faculty who sit nearer the front of the conference room at departmental grand rounds are more likely to have higher academic rank. There is an obvious correlation between rank and age, so that the natural tendency of older faculty to be closer to the front in order to hear and see better poses one confounding variable. But the underlying questions – whether faculty who sit closer to the front get promoted because they sit closer or choose to sit closer in order to get promoted or sit closer because they feel more engaged and want to participate rather than be more passive, or nap – has never been addressed. It is akin to a nature/nurture question, but the truth of the observation has never been supported by data. The following study, financed by the Academy, was intended to answer this contentious question and provide a path forward. Fifteen years ago the Academy funded a large study to investigate this question via a long-term, multi-center trial. The following is an analysis of the results. *IRB approval was not obtained within the 18-month limit at 4 universities due to the need for approval from multiple different hospital IRBs.
Evaluation of the Aortic Arch from the Suprasternal Notch View Using Focused Cardiac Ultrasound.

Abstract Background The suprasternal notch view (SSNV) is an additional echocardiographic view not routinely used by emergency physicians (EPs) performing focused cardiac ultrasound (FOCUS). Objective This pilot study determined the ease and self-perceived accuracy of the SSNV as performed by EPs. Additionally, we assessed the accuracy of FOCUS including the SSNV in thoracic aortic measurements compared to chest CT angiography (CTA). Methods This was a prospective, observational, pilot study of adult patients undergoing chest CTA. Thoracic aortic measurements were recorded at the sinus of Valsalva, sinotubular junction, and ascending aorta at its widest diameter in the parasternal long axis (PSL) view and SSNV. EPs rated ease of acquisition and self-perceived accuracy of thoracic aorta measurements. Two blinded radiologists performed thoracic aortic CTA measurements at predefined locations corresponding to the ultrasound measurements. Results Of the 79 patients (median age 57 years) enrolled, the SSNV was obtained in 97% of cases. EPs rated the ease of obtaining the SSNV as “easy” in 64.5% of cases and “very difficult” in 7.6% of cases. The mean difference between ultrasound (FOCUS plus SSNV) and CTA measurements were 1.2 mm (95% limits of agreement −2.9 to 5.3) at the sinus of Valsalva, 1.0 mm (95% limits of agreement −5.5 to 3.6 mm) at the sinotubular junction, 0.8 mm (95% limits of agreement −6.2 to 4.6 mm) at the proximal ascending aorta, and 0.6 mm (95% limits of agreement −2.8 to 4.0) at the aortic arch. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the SSNV is an easily attainable and accurate view of the thoracic aorta that can be obtained by EPs in the majority of ED patients.
Studies on the interaction between GP-18-0-deficient neutrophils and vascular endothelium

A patient whose neutrophils lack the glycoprotein gp-180 shows an increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. Neutrophils from this patient migrate abnormally both in vivo and in vitro. To examine the basis for this abnormality in migration, a study was carried out on the interaction of gp-180-deficient neutrophils with artificial surfaces and with human endothelial cell cultures. Compared with normal neutrophils. gp-180-deficient neutrophils showed decreased adhesion to cold-insoluble globulin-coated plastic surfaces, and their ability to spread on this substratum was greatly impaired. In contrast, gp-180- deficient neutrophils interacted in a normal fashion with endothelial monolayers, attaching to their surfaces and migrating between cell junctions to spread between the monolayers and the subjacent plastic. A normal interaction with endothelium in vivo was implied by the finding that the rise in the neutrophil count in response to epinephrine, an index of the marginated pool, was normal in the gp-180-deficient patient. We conclude that the abnormal function of gp-180-deficient cells is unlikely to be caused by a faulty interaction with the vascular endothelium. We postulate instead that these cells migrate poorly in vivo because of an abnormal interaction with extravascular connective tissue matrix constituents.
HEAVY METAL AND SELENIUM LEVELS IN FEATHERS OF FRANKLIN'S GULLS IN INTERIOR NORTH AMERICA

Although there are abundant data on heavy metals from coastal and oceanic seabirds, there is little for interior-nesting species. Heavy-metal and selenium levels in breast feathers of adult and fledgling Franklin's Gulls (Larus pipixcan) were examined in north- western Minnesota, eastern South Dakota, eastern North Dakota, and central Montana in 1994. Metal levels in the feathers of Franklin's Gulls were within the range reported for other species. However, cadmium levels were at the high end and selenium levels at the low end. There were locational differences in metal levels for all metals for both adults and young. Using the levels in feathers of young as indicative of local exposure: (1) Lake Alice and Sand Lake had the lowest levels of lead and chromium, and the highest levels of mercury; (2) Agassiz and Benton had the lowest levels of manganese; and (3) Benton had the highest levels of selenium, lead, and chromium. There were age-related differences in metal levels for 19 of 24 possible comparisons. Adults had significantly higher levels of metals, except for selenium. Young birds had significantly higher levels of selenium than did adults. Received 3 February 1995, accepted 25 April 1995.
Designing and Managing Service Processes Module

This note provides an overview of the Service Processes Module in the Darden Operations core course. Six questions are highlighted as a means of framing the backroom support services and frontline delivery of customer services.
Detection Of MYD88 L265P In Peripheral Blood Of Patients With Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia and IgM Monoclonal Gammopathy Of Undetermined Significance

Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) is characterized by bone marrow (BM) infiltration with lymphoplasmacytic cells and production of an IgM paraprotein. Lymphocytosis is uncommon in WM, and many patients exhibit peripheral B-cell lymphopenia. Recently, by whole genome sequencing, we identified a highly recurrent somatic mutation (L265P) in MYD88. Using real-time allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR), we demonstrated the presence of MYD88 L265P in 93% and 54% of patients with WM and IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), respectively (Xu et al, Blood 2013). To clarify the feasibility of using real-time AS-PCR assay to detect MYD88 L265P in peripheral blood, we first examined unselected mononuclear cells from peripheral blood (PB) samples of 88 patients with untreated WM. 81/88 (92%) of these patients were MYD88 L265P positive by bone marrow (BM) examination of CD19 selected B-cells; Of the 81 BM-MYD88 L265P positive patients, 32 (40%) demonstrated MYD88 L265P by AS-PCR in unselected PB mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained at the time of BM examination. To enhance the ability to detect MYD88 L265P in PB samples, we next used AS-PCR in CD19 selected PBMC obtained from 198 WM patients which included untreated and previously treated patients. Among untreated patients, 106/118 (89.8%) were positive for MYD88 L265P in CD19 selected PB, whereas among previously treated patients, 55/80 (68.8%) were positive for MYD88 L265P (p=0.0002 vs. untreated). Simultaneously analyzed PB and BM samples from 65 untreated WM patients demonstrated positivity for MYD88 L265P in 58/65 (89.2%) and 55/65 (84.6%) of CD19 selected BM and PB samples, respectively. These findings yielded a sensitivity of 94.8%, specificity of 100%, positive and negative predictive values of 100% and 70%, respectively for AS-PCR testing of PB CD19+ cells for MYD88 L265P in untreated WM patients. In addition, we analyzed 12 untreated IgM MGUS patients with paired sampling of CD19 selected PB and BM cells. 6/12 (50%) IgM MGUS patients were positive for MYD88 L265P in BM CD19+ cells, with 5/6 (83%) of these positive patients demonstrating MYD88 L265P by AS-PCR in CD19 selected PB samples. The overall results demonstrate a high concordance of MYD88 L265P status between PB and BM CD19 selected samples, particularly in untreated WM patients. The detection of MYD88 L265P by CD19 selected PB AS-PCR examination provides a convenient and less invasive method to support the diagnosis of WM and IgM MGUS. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Unstructuring Structure and Communicating Secrets inside/outside a Chinese Martial Arts Association

In 2007, Zhang, a teacher of the health-promoting exercise of taijiquan, traveled from Shanghai to the United States and Europe to conduct a short series of workshops and demonstrations of his art. Zhang soon came under fire from the prominent Shanghai martial arts family that led his martial arts association for teaching ‘family secrets’ to foreigners. In this paper, I attempt to open a window into understanding how definitions of social structures can take place when symbolic conjunctions, histories of colonization, and individual needs come together to create the kind of rupture that Zhang and the association experienced in Shanghai. How does an exercise like taijiquan, billed as promoting both individual physical health and social stability, become subjected to surprisingly destructive forces as the art and its teachers move across geographical,generational, racial, political, and temporal borders? How do members of a taijiquan association reconcile long and painful memories of the ever-colonizing foreigner with a publicly stated mission to promote health internationally through their art? How do teachers like Zhang negotiate their own openness about certain elements of the art with their desire to remain well-respected members of formal social structures like the martial arts association? And, perhaps most significantly, what role do foreign ‘consumers’ of taijiquan play in changing the rules of how and to whom teachers communicate the secrets of taijiquan? I attempt to answer these questions by framing them within the context of an old scholarly debate between Marshall Sahlins and Gananth Obeyesekere regarding the circumstances of Captain Cook’s death in Hawaii.
Attribution Research on Poverty: A Review

Revue de la litterature concernant l'attribution causale de la pauvrete en se centrant, notamment, sur des variables differentielles (sexe, statut socioeconomique, milieu culturel, niveau developpemental, revenu…)
Neurotoxicity after high-dose melphalan.

6546 Background: High dose melphalan (HDM) at 200 mg/m2 is the standard preparative regimen for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and light-chain amyloidosis (AL) undergoing autologous hematopoie...
Trial prospector: An automated clinical trials eligibility matching program.

6538 Background: Clinical trials are the evidence base for improving cancer treatment. Unfortunately, only approximately 5% of cancer patients (pts) take part in clinical research studies. Even in ...
Revision of the Eurycea quadridigitata (Holbrook 1842) Complex of Dwarf Salamanders (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Hemidactyliinae) with a Description of Two New Species

Abstract: The Eurycea quadridigitata complex is currently composed of the nominate species and E. chamberlaini, with no other species recognized. However, recent molecular studies have revealed at least five genetic lineages within this species complex, with one lineage more closely related to the neotenic Eurycea species of central Texas and E. chamberlaini nested within E. quadridigitata sensu lato. We use large-scale geographic sampling in combination with a multilocus species delineation method and morphology to test whether these genetic lineages represent distinct species under the general lineage concept of species. We describe two new species of salamander from this complex, resurrect and elevate a former subspecies to full species status, add to the diagnosis of E. chamberlaini, and redefine E. quadridigitata in the context of this revision. All five species are diagnosable from one another through a number of meristic, morphometric, molecular, and ecological criteria.