cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimized parameters and exponents of Mie ( n,m) intermolecular potential energy function based on the shape of molecules

Through the use of the second virial coefficient data, optimized parameters and exponents of the Mie (n,m) potential energy function are derived for a number of symmetric groups of molecules. In the optimizations performed, parameters of the potential function are varied for each molecule, but the exponents of the potential function are taken as functions of the shape of the groups of molecules considered. It is concluded that the attractive exponent, m = 7, is shared by all the symmetric groups considered. The repulsive exponent, n, is varied according to the shape of the molecules. Also, in this report, newly calculated parameters of the Lennard-Jones (12,6) and Mie (14,7) potential energy functions for 33 different symmetric and nonsymmetric molecules are reported. Results indicate that, generally, the Mie (14,7) pair-potential energy function is a better fit for the second virial coefficient data than the Lennard-Jones (12,6) function.
A method for optimal deposit liability assignment

Abstract This note demonstrates the applicability of the Diamond and Mirrlees (1975) conditions concerning the optimality of externality cost transfers in accident and trading settings to the issue of the comparative allocative efficiency of financial institutions being mandated to pay premiums for deposit insurance versus assignment of liability to the depositor. The result is a model which allows the isolation of the requisite quantitative values for such a preferred allocation.
HISTOMORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE CERAMIC IMPLANTED INTO TURKEYS

Porous cylinders of tricalcium phosphate of two pore size distributions and four pore densities were implanted bilaterally into the ulnae of twelve skeletally mature turkeys. Morphometric analyses at two, four, and six post-operative months indicate implant resorption begins prior to the second post-operative month and that physical changes and biologic response continue at a rate dependent upon pore size distribution.
Tremor activity changes following two San Andreas Fault earthquakes

[1] Large earthquakes change the stress on faults. This can either accelerate or decelerate deep fault creep, as suggested by changes in tremor activity rates. Analyzing tremor data from the San Andreas Fault in central California, Shelly and Johnson found that the 2003 San Simeon earthquake, with a magnitude of 6.5, created a “stress shadow” north of Parkfield, causing tremors to stop abruptly there for about a month, while tremors south of Parkfield continued. On the other hand, tremors increased sharply following the 2004 magnitude 6.0 Parkfield earthquake. The authors examined the spatial and temporal variability of postearthquake effects on the San Andreas Fault and noted a depth dependence of tremor recurrence patterns. The study provides new information on the properties of these sections of the fault as well as new insight into how earthquakes affect stress on a fault and deep fault motion. (Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2011GL047863, 2011)
Using Socially Assistive Human–Robot Interaction to Motivate Physical Exercise for Older Adults

In this paper, we present the design, implementation, and user study evaluation of a socially assistive robot (SAR) system designed to engage elderly users in physical exercise aimed at achieving health benefits and improving quality of life. We discuss our design methodology, which incorporates insights from psychology research in the area of intrinsic motivation, and focuses on maintaining engagement through personalized social interaction. We describe two user studies conducted to test the motivation theory in practice with our system. The first study investigated the role of praise and relational discourse in the exercise system by comparing a relational robot coach to a nonrelational robot coach. The second study evaluated participant preferences regarding user choice in the task scenario. Both studies served to evaluate the feasibility and overall effectiveness of the robot exercise system. The results of both studies are presented; they show a strong user preference for the relational over the nonrelational robot in terms of enjoyableness, companionship, and as an exercise coach, varying user preferences regarding choice, and high user ratings of the system across multiple metrics. The outcomes of the presented user studies, brought together, support the motivational capabilities of the robot, and demonstrate the viability and usefulness of the system in motivating exercise in elderly users.
All that is global is not world culture: accountability systems and educational apparatuses

This article explores why we see educational accountability systems circulating transnationally. It argues that researchers in the field of comparative and international education need to use the concepts of diffusion and translation to think about the formation, coordination and extension of networks and discursive formations through which heterogeneous, disparate objects are brought into relation. Approaching accountability in education as an ‘apparatus’ helps us engage with the research challenges presented by globalisation. This article proposes a way of seeing accountability as constitutive of the global and not as an after-effect. This approach helps us avoid the distracting and ultimately irrelevant fixation on a so-called ‘global/local nexus’ that is characteristic of much work in the field of comparative and international education. It also aims to improve on world culture theory explanations for why we are presently witnessing a global trend towards the increased ‘monitoring of monitoring’, i.e....
Physicians' ratings of information sources about their preventive medicine decisions.

Abstract Despite the resistance of medical schools to emphasize preventive medicine in their curricula, preventive medicine recommendations are being incorporated into physicians' methods of practice. This article examines what sources of information are seen as valuable to physicians in making both preventive and therapeutic decisions. Thirty-one internal medicine house staff rated the influence of six information sources for two vaccination, five screening, and two therapeutic procedures. Reading was held in high regard across all procedures. In contrast, peers (i.e., fellow house staff) were judged to be of little value. Past experience was not rated as an important source for most preventive decisions. We suggest ways by which medical educators might ameliorate apparent deficits in information sources about prevention. Proponents of preventive medicine may improve its clinical application by utilizing sources of information which now influence therapeutic decisions.
Characterization of Desamino-5-[125I]Iodo-3-Methoxy-Zacopride ([125I]MIZAC) binding to 5-HT3 receptors in the rat brain

1. Antagonists at 5-HT3 receptors have shown activity in animal models of mental illness, however, few radiolabeled 5-HT3 ligands are available for preclinical studies. MIZAC, an analogue of the selective 5-HT3 antagonist, zacopride, binds with high affinity (1.3-1.5 nM) to CNS 5-HT3 sites. The authors report here the selectivity of MIZAC for these sites in rat brain homogenates. 2. Ninety-seven percent of total specific binding of [125I]MIZAC (0.1 nM) of was displaced by bemesetron (3 microM), a selective 5-HT3 antagonist. Competition studies using ligands with known affinities for 5-HT3 sites give a high correlation with reported pKi values (r2 0.98). Bemesetron displaceable binding has a regional distribution consistent with that of the 5-HT3 receptor, i.e. highest in cortex and hippocampus, and lowest in striatum and cerebellum. 3. Potent antagonists present at concentrations sufficient to occupy 95% of other 5-HT receptor populations (1A, 1B, 1D, 2A, 2B, 2C, 5A, 5B, 6, and 7) showed minimal ability to displace [125I]MIZAC binding (3 nM). Specificity studies using radioligand binding assays selective for 5-HT4, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7 receptors, and for binding sites of other neurotransmitters indicate a high degree of selectivity of [125I]MIZAC for the 5-HT3 receptor. 4. [125I]MIZAC binds to an apparent low affinity (benzac) site having a unique pharmacology. Low affinity binding was displaceable by benztropine, but not by other muscarinic agents nor inhibitors of dopamine uptake. The regional distribution of the low affinity site differed markedly from that of the high affinity site. The apparent affinity of [125I]MIZAC for the benzac site is two orders of magnitude lower than for the 5-HT3 receptor. Given its high selectivity for 5-HT3 binding sites, [125I]MIZAC appears to be a promising ligand for labeling 5-HT3 receptors in vitro and in vivo.
How do breast imaging centers communicate results to women with limited English proficiency and other barriers to care

Research suggests that women with Limited English Proficiency (LEP) and ethnic minority women are at increased risk of being inadequately informed of their mammogram result. The purpose of this study is to explore breast imaging centers’ communication practices and assess how these centers accommodate women with low literacy and LEP. A 35-question survey was distributed to a national association of more than 700 breast health centers. Descriptive analysis of the overall sample and Fisher’s exact or Chi squared testing to distinguish differences between subgroups were performed. Respondents from 206 centers completed questionnaires. 29 % of respondents stated that more than a quarter of their patients were black, 27 % of respondents stated that more than a quarter of their patients were Hispanic/Latina, and 13 % of respondents stated that more than a quarter of their patients had LEP. Overall, 18 % of respondents reported they do not routinely telephone patients with results, 15 % do not have multilingual staff or translators available to answer questions, and 69 % send result letters in English only. Of note, 69 % use patient navigators. Centers reported systemic strengths and barriers to clear communication of mammography results. Our findings are consistent with past investigations identifying a general need to improve the communication of breast imaging results and suggesting that result notification letters alone are inadequate in ensuring that every woman understands her personal results and follow-up plan.
Chemical properties of some 1,1,2-trifluoropentadienes

Abstract A study has been made of some chemical properties of three 1,1,2-trifluoropentadienes. The first two were conjugated dienes, one containing an electron releasing group and the other an electron withdrawing group. They were made by adding CF 2 B r CFClB r to propene and CF 2 ClCFCl I to 3,3,3-trifluoropropene, respectively, and dehydrohalogenation and dehalogenation to produce CF 2 CFCHCHCH 3 (I) and CF 2 CFCHCHCF 3 (II). The third diene, an unconjugated perfluoro compound, was made from CF 2 ClCFClCF 2 CF 2 CO 2 Na. Diene I had a marked ability to react with itself even at 0° to form the perfluorocyclobutyl derivative. When I was heated with CF 2 CFCl or CF 2 CCl 2 only the dimer of I was formed. Diene II formed the cyclobutyl dimer at 100° and, when heated with I, formed all three of the possible perfluorocyclobutyl products. The unconjugated perfluoropentadiene formed no cyclic products either alone or with CF 2 CFCl. Both I and II reacted with phenylmagnesium bromide to give the dienes in which a fluorine atom had been replaced by a phenyl group. Ethanol in the presence of base reacted with I to give a mixture of 1,2− and 1,4− addition products in a ratio of 4:1. Pentafluorodiene II gave only the ether resulting from 1,4− addition of alcohol. Radical reactions with bromotrichloromethane were also carried out. Mechanisms to account for the products will be presented.
Progress in the development of a large-bore high-velocity helical electromagnetic launcher

A 2 m barrel length × 300 mm bore diameter hollow-projectile helical electromagnetic launcher (HEML) has been designed and is being constructed and tested at the University of Missouri (MU) Center for Energy Conversion and Electromechanics (CECEM). The HEML is powered by a 6-module capacitive pulse forming network (PFN) with a total energy storage of 1 MJ. Each module of the PFN can be charged to different voltages and can be fired into the HEML at variable times, thereby accommodating the non-linear nature of the electromagnetic launcher load. Projectile mass is variable and tests up to 22 kg (projectile plus payload mass) are planned. The primary goal of the experimental arrangement is to accelerate a 22 kg projectile up to 70 m/s. Secondary goals include testing for maximum achievable velocity with a 2 kg projectile. Efficiency of energy conversion is a key concern for this facility. The HEML launcher is also a reversible geometry and is used to both accelerate and decelerate the projectile. The results of acceleration/deceleration tests are also be presented and discussed.
Acute myelogenous leukemia and thrombocythemia associated with an abnormality of chromosome No. 3

Abstract The association of thrombocythemia with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is unusual. A patient with markedly increased platelet counts in association with abnormal megakaryocytes was diagnosed as having AML. In addition a karyotypic abnormality involving a translocation of the long arm of a No. 3 chromosome was identified by Q-banding techniques. The translocation involved the other chromosome No. 3 [ins (3;3) (q26;q21q26)]. A specific structural rearrangement in human chromosomes in AML may be associated with abnormal megakaryocytes and increased platelets.
Comparative acceleration of lindane metabolism to chlorophenols by pretreatment of rats with lindane or with DDT and lindane

Abstract The stimulation of [ 14 C]lindane ([ 14 C]-γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) metabolism in rats by pretreatment with DDT or lindane has been previously demonstrated in this laboratory. However, it appeared that the mechanism by which lindane induced its own degradation differed from the mechanism by which DDT stimulated lindane metabolism. The present study attempted to clarify some of the differences in the metabolism of lindane resulting from pretreatment of rats with DDT and with lindane itself. Daily treatment of rats with either lindane alone or with DDT plus lindane permitted an evaluation of the comparative urinary excretion of the lindane-derived chlorophenols. Rats receiving DDT plus lindane excreted significantly more 2,4,5-trichlorophenol and 2,3,4,6- and 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenols by the second day of treatment than did rats receiving lindane alone. Results of the study suggest that DDT treatment stimulates the metabolism of lindane through a selective effect on certain metabolic pathways involved in the oxidative degradation of lindane.
A non-invasive technique for estimating carpal tunnel pressure by measuring shear wave speed in tendon: A feasibility study

Although a close relationship between carpal tunnel pressure and median nerve dysfunction has been found, the current methods for pressure measurements are invasive, using a catheter in the carpal canal to monitor the pressure. A noninvasive method for quantifying carpal tunnel pressure would be useful as an alternative to the catheter method. In this study, a simplified experimental model was developed to measure the shear wave speed in a canine Achilles tendon under different tunnel pressures. The results showed that the speed of waves through the inside-tunnel tendon had a linear relationship with the pressure in the tunnel (first measurement: r=0.966, P<0.001; second measurement: r=0.970, P<0.001). This indicates that the tendon could serve as a strain gauge to evaluate the tunnel pressure by detecting the changes of wave propagation speed. However, further validations in human cadavers and clinical subjects are necessary.
Comparison of three methods for the synthesis of carborane carboxylic acid esters

Abstract Three procedures for the esterification of polyhedral carborane carboxylic acids with long chain unsaturated fatty alcohols are compared with regard to rate of reaction, ease of isolation and over-all yield. The optimum procedure is based on room temperature reaction of the acid chloride and alcohol in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine in CH 2 Cl 2 .
The Cloning and Analysis of LEK1 Identifies Variations in the LEK/Centromere Protein F/Mitosin Gene Family

We report the cloning of a novel murine cDNA, LEK1, that is related to human CENP-F and mitosin and more distantly to chicken CMF1. The proteins from these three organisms have significant homology, yet differ in their temporal, spatial, and subcellular localizations. The human proteins bind the kinetochore in mitotic cells, whereas the chicken protein is found only in skeletal and cardiac muscle and is developmentally regulated. Mouse LEK1 is a single copy gene that codes for two developmentally regulated transcripts. The LEK1 protein is expressed early and ubiquitously in mouse development and is generally down-regulated as development proceeds in a manner that correlates to a cessation of mitosis. In adult tissues, the LEK1 protein is detected exclusively in the pronucleus of the oocyte and was not observed in other actively dividing tissues. Subcellular localization revealed that the LEK1 protein in mitotic cells does not bind the kinetochore. From these data, we hypothesize that chicken CMF1, human CENP-F, mitosin, and mouse LEK1 are members of an emerging family of genes that have important and functionally distinct roles in development and cell division.
No effect of body condition at weaning on survival and reproduction in prairie voles

The physiological state of an animal may have a significant impact on its reproductive success because individuals in good body condition are generally considered to be competitively superior to individuals in poor body condition. In this study, we tested if body condition at weaning affected survival and reproduction of prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster (Wagner, 1842)) living under ecologically relevant conditions at two different initial population densities. We detected no evidence that better body condition at weaning was associated with either enhanced survival or reproduction. Moreover, genetic analysis of parentage found that mating between males and females was random with respect to body condition. Results of this study indicate body condition at weaning was not a reliable predictor of future survival or reproduction in prairie voles. This may be because body condition at weaning does not accurately forecast the energetic state of prairie voles at later ages, or because other factors have a gre...
An estimate of the surface shortwave cloud forcing over the western pacific during TOGA COARE

Estimates of the shortwave cloud forcing at the surface have been computed for the TOGA COARE Intensive Observation Period (IOP) using the IMET buoy surface insolation measurements. Two different methods have been employed to calculate the clear-sky surface insolation. The first is based on an empirical approximation using the buoy observations. The second incorporates both modeling and empirical procedures. The net surface shortwave cloud forcing values derived from these two methods are -103 and -107 Wm -2 , respectively. These values indicate that for the COARE IOP, the surface cooling effect from shortwave cloud forcing is comparable to that from latent heat flux (-108.5 Wm -2 ). Comparing IOP values of OLR and MSU rain rate to their climatological values indicates that the mean cloudiness during the IOP corresponds closely to climatology, suggesting that these estimates of shortwave cloud forcing may be fairly representative of the climatological value.
Scientists and Policy Makers: An Ethnography of Communication

This paper is about scientists and policy makers and why these two groups seem so frustrated by each other's demands and advice. It will try to show the human problems in communication between academic scientists and policy makers. Eight areas of value conflict between the subcultures of basic science and policy-making are delineated. It is hoped, in this way, that some light will be shed on the relationships between science and policy-making. It is concluded that maximizing the casual relationships between scientists and policy makers is an effective means for maximizing both the input and the impact of scientific information on the decision-making process.
Many patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and increased serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 do not have cholangiocarcinoma.

Background & Aims Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) have an increased incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) is the main serum marker used to diagnose CCA, although increased levels of CA 19-9 are also associated with other hepatic complications. We evaluated the long-term outcomes in patients with PSC and significant increases in levels of CA 19-9. Methods We analyzed data from all Mayo Clinic patients with PSC and serum levels of CA 19-9 greater than 129 U/mL from 2000–2010 (n = 73). We reviewed patients' records for CCA diagnosis, other malignancies, recurrent bacterial cholangitis, and persistent cholestasis. Results Thirty-seven percent of patients reviewed had no evidence of CCA after a median follow-up time of 30 months. The initial levels of CA 19-9 from patients without CCA were significantly lower than those from patients with CCA (286 vs 895 U/mL, P P = .03), and lower levels of bilirubin (2 vs 6.8 mg/dL, P = .003), compared with patients with CCA. No factors known to affect CA 19-9 levels were identified in 33% of patients without CCA; endoscopic treatment and recurrent bacterial cholangitis were associated with levels of CA 19-9 in 26% and 22% of these patients, respectively. Conclusions Thirty-seven percent of patients with PSC who have serum levels of CA 19-9 greater than 129 U/mL do not have CCA. Additional studies should be performed to determine the outcomes of these patients.
Thermomorphic Fluorous Palladacycles

Summary This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Palladacycles Derived from Aromatic Imines and Thioethers Pincer Palladacycles: PC(sp2)P Pincer Palladacycles: PC(sp3)P Pincer Palladacycles: SC(sp2)S Related Complexes from Other Groups Catalysis Summary and Outlook References
Threonine Requirements of Different Broiler Genotypes

Abstract The objectives of this work were to study the responses of one Leghorn and two broiler stocks and sexes to different levels of Thr and to estimate their requirements for this amino acid. All experiments were conducted with birds from 1 to 18 d of age. Body weight gain (BWG) and feed consumption were measured on the eighteenth day, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. At Day 18, three birds per replicate were killed, and liver and fat pads were collected and weighed. The data were analyzed by the general linear model and nonlinear model procedures of SAS software, and the broken-line linear model was used to estimate Thr requirements of chicks. Experiment 1 had a 5 × 3 factorial design with five levels of Thr (0.63, 0.70, 0.77, 0.84, and 0.91% of the diet), two broiler genotypes (Arbor Acres Classic and High Yield), and one Leghorn genotype (Hy-line W-36), with three replicate pens of eight male birds each. The basal diet was composed of corn, peanut meal (PNM), poultry by-product meal, poultry fat, DL-Met, L-Lys, and L-Ile (23% CP and 3.2 kcal/g of ME). The Leghorn chicks did not respond to Thr supplementation, indicating their requirement was ≤ 0.63%. High Yield birds had better BWG and FCR than Classic. The BWG and FCR were reduced more in Classic than High Yield strains by the lowest Thr level. The percentage of liver was higher in the Classic than High Yield strain broilers with Thr supplementation. The second experiment (2 × 2 × 2 factorial design) was conducted to evaluate the effects of two levels of Thr (0.63 and 0.90%), two levels of Ile (0.72 and 0.90%), and two broiler strains (as Experiment 1). There were no responses to Ile for any parameters measured. Experiment 3 (6 × 2 factorial design, corn, PNM-based basal diet) had six Thr levels (0.63, 0.67, 0.71, 0.75, 0.79, and 0.83%) and two broiler strains (as Experiment 1), with four replicate pens of eight male birds each. The High Yield strain broilers grew significantly better at the lowest Thr level, but performance was similar at the higher Thr levels (significant interaction, P = 0.018). FCR was affected by Thr level but not by strain. The Thr requirement of the Classic strain broilers was 0.69 ± 0.01% for BWG and 0.68 ± 0.01% for FCR. The Thr requirement of the High Yield strain broilers was 0.68 ± 0.01% for BWG and 0.69 ± 0.01% for FCR. The Thr requirements of male versus female High Yield strain broilers were evaluated in a 6 × 2 factorial design, with six Thr levels (Experiment 4), with four replicate pens of eight birds each. Males and females had the same performance and carcass composition results (P > 0.05), except for percentage abdominal fat pads. The Thr requirement was 0.71 ± 0.01% for BWG and 0.71 ± 0.01% for FCR for the males and 0.72 ± 0.008% for BWG and 0.71 ± 0.001% for FCR for females. Excellent performance was observed from the corn- and PNM-based diet supplemented to contain 0.72% Thr. The Thr requirements of High Yield and Classic broilers (males and females) were similar and greater than for the Leghorn strain studied.
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Katrina Inspired Disaster Screenings (KIDS): Psychometric Testing of the National Child Traumatic Stress Network Hurricane Assessment and Referral Tool.

Post disaster psychosocial surveillance procedures are important for guiding effective and efficient recovery. The Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Katrina Inspired Disaster Screenings (KIDS) is a model designed with the goal of assisting recovering communities in understanding the needs of and targeting services toward children and adolescents. As a critical, yet understudied, component to the KIDS model, the objective of this study is to test the psychometric properties of the National Child Traumatic Stress Network Hurricane Assessment and Referral Tool for Children and Adolescents. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to investigate the factor structure of the NCTSN Hurricane Assessment and Referral Tool. The convenience sample included 7530, 9–18 years old students who completed the school initiated screener in Southeastern Louisiana schools from December 2005 to December 2006. On a small treatment seeking population (N = 62), associations among the referral tool and the PTSD Reaction Index were also explored. EFA of the referral tool revealed a two factor solution, anxious and depressive reactions, that accounted for 45.8 % of model variance. Internal consistency was high and symptom scores were moderately associated with the PTSD Reaction Index. The cutoff score was also confirmed with scores ≥4 suggesting the need for referral. This study allows for the recommendation of the NCTSN Hurricane Assessment and Referral Tool as a reliable and valid part of the KIDS model; together they provide an initial step toward addressing the needs of child and adolescent disaster survivors.
Electron Reflection Coefficient at Zero Energy. II. Computer Experiments on the Reflection of Slow Electrons in the Electrostatic Field of Surface Patches

As reported in paper I, the zero-energy reflection coefficient of electrons at a polycrystalline silver surface has been measured to be (7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1)%. A theory consistent with this experimental result is presented below. This theory shows that the zero-energy reflection coefficient may be fully explained by the effect of patches of different work functions. The different potentials presented at the surface of a metal by the differently oriented crystal surfaces converge exponentially to the average potential as one moves away from the surface. The potential variation with the largest spatial period extends farthest from the surface. It will be shown that this component alone determines the reflection behavior at the threshold of energy. Because the surface presents a two-dimensional distribution, two independent periods must be considered which range in their aspect ratio from a square checkerboard to long stripes. The reflection coefficient is found to be independent of patch size and patch potential amplitude, and is (7.73\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03)% for the stripe-type and (5.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2)% for the square-checkerboard-type patches. The reflection coefficient jumps abruptly from 100% below the threshold of energy to some 6% at an energy immediately above threshold; therefore, it is not surprising that recent energy analyses with a simple patchy counterfield electrode of several-hundred-millivolt patch amplitude can resolve fine structure in the energy of less than 10 meV, as exhibited in the energy spectrum of electrons field-emitted from a liquid-helium-cooled tip.
Urethral and Bladder Neck Injury Associated With Pelvic Fracture in 25 Female Patients

Purpose: We describe the presentation, diagnostic evaluation, management and outcome of female urethral trauma.Materials and Methods: All female patients treated at Harborview Medical Center between 1985 and 2001 with urethral injury were identified by International Classification of Diseases 9th revision code. Approval of the Human Subject Division was obtained and patient charts were reviewed. The Urogenital Distress Inventory Short Form, the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire Short Form and the Female Sexual Function Index were sent to the patients.Results: A total of 25 patients (13 adults, 12 children) with a mean age of 22 years (range 4 to 67) met inclusion criteria. All had pelvic fracture related to blunt trauma. They represented 6% of all female patients treated in the same review period with pelvic fracture. Blood was seen at the introitus in 15 patients and 19 had gross hematuria. Of the injuries 9 were avulsions, 15 were longitudinal lacerations and 1 was not further specified. Primary repair ...
MONEY AND SEX, THE ILLUSORY UNIVERSAL SEX DIFFERENCE: Comment on Kanazawa

Kanazawa tests the hypothesis, derived from Evolutionary Psychology, that men’s income enhances their ability to engage in copulation with more partners and at a greater frequency. However, the results presented in Kanazawa’s article fail to appropriately test for interaction effects and some of the analyses may suffer from sample-selection bias. I reestimate the equations appearing in Kanazawa’s study and find (given the author’s original methodological decisions) evidence in support of the evolutionary prediction in only two of the four original analyses. Had the same methodological decisions been consistently applied in the original study, then only one of the four analyses provides very weak evidence in favor of a sex difference in the returns to income. Furthermore, I conduct cross-national analyses with International Social Survey Program data from four other industrialized nations: Australia, Bulgaria, Ireland, and Poland. In only one of the nations (Ireland) and for only two of the four dependent variables is there any compelling evidence that men with higher incomes have more sex partners. Since the term “sex partner” may be ambiguous, I also use data from the National Health and Social Life Survey where detailed questions were asked that may better measure evolutionarily significant forms of copulation. The data are not consistent with the evolutionary psychological theory of sexual behavior.
Using active NVRAM for I/O staging

With HPC machines moving to the exascale, scaling the I/O performance of applications is a well known problem. Also, a closely related problem is, how to efficiently analyze and extract useful information from I/O data, viz. data post processing. With advent of nonvolatile memory technologies (NVMs) like SSD, PCM and Memristor, research has been focusing on how to improve the file systems performance and optimizations to overcome disk latencies. In the other end, there has been extensive focus on 'DataStaging' or 'in situ' I/O processing where I/O data are moved from computational cores to memory buffers of dedicated data processing or staging nodes using high performance I/O channels. The I/O data gets processed in these nodes before writing them to persistent storage like disks. However, issues with such approaches include (1) the limitation that they cannot easily analyze temporal data relationships or characteristics embedded in multiple simulation output steps, due to the limited aggregate memory capacity of staging nodes, and (2) the need to 'right size' such staging memory, sometimes even for single output/checkpoint steps when data volumes are large. Failing to properly allocate staging memory buffers (2) can cause applications to block and severely degrade the performance improvements sought by the extensive parallelization efforts undertaken by application developers. The limitation posed by (1) can degrade the utility of the Staging approach seen by end users.This paper explores an alternative solution for 'right memory sizing' issue for staging I/O. In this solution, memory scaling avoids the cost and power constraints imposed on machine designers by the use of DRAM (memory), by instead, using active NVRAM(nonvolatile memory) to enhance the memory capacities of compute and staging nodes. Active NVRAMs are node-local NVRAMs that are embedded with a low power system-on-chip compute element. We propose a mechanism, in which each physical node has an additional active NVRAM component to stage I/O and apply simple data analytics operations over the I/O data. While such node local data storage provides an obvious I/O acceleration, our experimental results show the effectiveness of our approach in addressing 'right memory sizing issue' by efficient I/O data processing. We also discuss the overheads in using Active NVRAM based approach for I/O staging.
Fooling Around on Facebook: The Perceptions of Infidelity Behavior on Social Networking Sites

This mixed-methods study used content analysis and logistic regression to explore how people interpret Facebook infidelity behaviors, its impact on offline relationships, and how Facebook infidelity compares to online and offline infidelity. Six hundred twenty-eight respondents participated in a story completion task where they finished a narrative concerning questionable behavior on Facebook. Results found 51% of the participants interpreted the Facebook behavior as infidelity, with only 2.9% indicating the behavior was not infidelity. Other findings show that Facebook behavior negatively impacts offline relationships and accessing a partner's Facebook account is a privacy violation. Clinical implications are discussed.
Angiogenic and inflammatory markers of cardiopulmonary changes in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction are complications of sickle cell disease. Pulmonary hypertension is associated with hemolysis and hypoxia, but other unidentified factors are likely involved in pathogenesis as well. Design and Methods: Plasma concentrations of three angiogenic markers (fibroblast growth factor, platelet derived growth factor–BB [PDGF-BB], vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]) and seven inflammatory markers implicated in pulmonary hypertension in other settings were determined by Bio-Plex suspension array in 237 children and adolescents with sickle cell disease at steady state and 43 controls. Tricuspid regurgitation velocity (which reflects systolic pulmonary artery pressure), mitral valve E/Edti ratio (which reflects left ventricular diastolic dysfunction), and a hemolytic component derived from four markers of hemolysis and hemoglobin oxygen saturation were also determined. Results: Plasma concentrations of interleukin-8, interleukin-10 and VEGF were elevated in the patients with sickle cell disease compared to controls (P#0.003). By logistic regression, greater values for PDGF-BB (P=0.009), interleukin-6 (P=0.019) and the hemolytic component (P=0.026) were independently associated with increased odds of elevated tricuspid regurgitation velocity while higher VEGF concentrations were associated with decreased odds (P=0.005) among the patients with sickle cell disease. These findings, which are consistent with reports that PDGF-BB stimulates and VEGF inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, did not apply to E/Etdi. Conclusions: Circulating concentrations of angiogenic and pro-Inflammatory markers are altered in sickle cell disease children and adolescents with elevated tricuspid regurgitation velocity, a subgroup that may be at risk for developing worsening pulmonary hypertension. Further studies to understand the molecular changes in these children are indicated.
CETP and lipid transfer inhibitor protein are uniquely affected by the negative charge density of the lipid and protein domains of LDL.

Lipoprotein surface charge influences cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity and its association with lipoproteins; however, the relationship between these events is not clear. Additionally, although CETP and its regulator, lipid transfer inhibitor protein (LTIP), bind to lipoproteins, it is not known how the charge density of lipoprotein protein and lipid domains influences these factors. Here, the electronegativity of the protein (by acetylation) and surface lipid (oleate addition) domains of LDL were modified. LDL-only lipid transfer assays measured changes in CETP and LTIP activities. CETP activity was stimulated by 20 μM. The same electronegative potential induced by acetylation mildly stimulated CETP. Modification-induced enhanced binding of CETP did not correlate with CETP activity. LTIP activity was completely blocked by ∼10 μM oleate but only mildly suppressed by acetylation. LTIP binding to LDL was not decreased by oleate. Thus, the negative charge of LDL surface lipids, but not protein, is an important regulator of CETP and LTIP activity. Altered binding could not explain changes in CETP activity, suggesting that the extent of CETP binding is not normally rate limiting to its activity. Physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions that modify the negative charge of lipoprotein surface lipids will suppress LTIP activity first, followed by CETP.
Technique for sparing previously irradiated critical normal structures in salvage proton craniospinal irradiation.

Cranial reirradiation is clinically appropriate in some cases but cumulative radiation dose to critical normal structures remains a practical concern. The authors developed a simple technique in 3D conformal proton craniospinal irradiation (CSI) to block organs at risk (OAR) while minimizing underdosing of adjacent target brain tissue. Two clinical cases illustrate the use of proton therapy to provide salvage CSI when a previously irradiated OAR required sparing from additional radiation dose. The prior radiation plan was coregistered to the treatment planning CT to create a planning organ at risk volume (PRV) around the OAR. Right and left lateral cranial whole brain proton apertures were created with a small block over the PRV. Then right and left lateral “inverse apertures” were generated, creating an aperture opening in the shape of the area previously blocked and blocking the area previously open. The inverse aperture opening was made one millimeter smaller than the original block to minimize the risk of dose overlap. The inverse apertures were used to irradiate the target volume lateral to the PRV, selecting a proton beam range to abut the 50% isodose line against either lateral edge of the PRV. Together, the 4 cranial proton fields created a region of complete dose avoidance around the OAR. Comparative photon treatment plans were generated with opposed lateral X-ray fields with custom blocks and coplanar intensity modulated radiation therapy optimized to avoid the PRV. Cumulative dose volume histograms were evaluated. Treatment plans were developed and successfully implemented to provide sparing of previously irradiated critical normal structures while treating target brain lateral to these structures. The absence of dose overlapping during irradiation through the inverse apertures was confirmed by film. Compared to the lateral X-ray and IMRT treatment plans, the proton CSI technique improved coverage of target brain tissue while providing the least additional radiation dose to the previously irradiated OAR. Proton craniospinal irradiation can be adapted to provide complete sparing of previously irradiated OARs. This technique may extend the option of reirradiation to patients otherwise deemed ineligible for further radiotherapy due to prior dose to critical normal structures.
Comorbidity Clusters in Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Electronic Health Record Time-Series Analysis

OBJECTIVE: The distinct trajectories of patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have not been extensively studied, particularly regarding clinical manifestations beyond the neurobehavioral criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The objective of this study was to investigate the patterns of co-occurrence of medical comorbidities in ASDs. METHODS: International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes from patients aged at least 15 years and a diagnosis of ASD were obtained from electronic medical records. These codes were aggregated by using phenotype-wide association studies categories and processed into 1350-dimensional vectors describing the counts of the most common categories in 6-month blocks between the ages of 0 to 15. Hierarchical clustering was used to identify subgroups with distinct courses. RESULTS: Four subgroups were identified. The first was characterized by seizures ( n = 120, subgroup prevalence 77.5%). The second ( n = 197) was characterized by multisystem disorders including gastrointestinal disorders (prevalence 24.3%) and auditory disorders and infections (prevalence 87.8%), and the third was characterized by psychiatric disorders ( n = 212, prevalence 33.0%). The last group ( n = 4316) could not be further resolved. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was uncorrelated with seizure activity ( P = .17), but a significant correlation existed between gastrointestinal disorders and seizures ( P CONCLUSIONS: Three distinct patterns of medical trajectories were identified by unsupervised clustering of electronic health record diagnoses. These may point to distinct etiologies with different genetic and environmental contributions. Additional clinical and molecular characterizations will be required to further delineate these subgroups.
Mechanical degradation and stability of organic solar cells: molecular and microstructural determinants

The mechanical properties of organic semiconductors and the mechanical failure mechanisms of devices play critical roles in the yield of modules in roll-to-roll manufacturing and the operational stability of organic solar cells (OSCs) in portable and outdoor applications. This paper begins by reviewing the mechanical properties—principally stiffness and brittleness—of pure films of organic semiconductors. It identifies several determinants of the mechanical properties, including molecular structures, polymorphism, and microstructure and texture. Next, a discussion of the mechanical properties of polymer–fullerene bulk heterojunction blends reveals the strong influence of the size and purity of the fullerenes, the effect of processing additives as plasticizers, and the details of molecular mixing—i.e., the extent of intercalation of fullerene molecules between the side chains of the polymer. Mechanical strain in principle affects the photovoltaic output of devices in several ways, from strain-evolved changes in alignment of chains, degree of crystallinity, and orientation of texture, to debonding, cohesive failure, and cracking, which dominate changes in the high-strain regime. These conclusions highlight the importance of mechanical properties and mechanical effects on the viability of OSCs during manufacture and in operational environments. The review—whose focus is on molecular and microstructural determinants of mechanical properties—concludes by suggesting several potential routes to maximize both mechanical resilience and photovoltaic performance for improving the lifetime of devices in the near term and enabling devices that require extreme deformation (i.e., stretchability and ultra-flexibility) in the future.
Seasonal incidence of chloropid flies in tall fescue

Although resistance to insect herbivory by endophyte (Neotyphodim coenophialum [Morgan-Jones & Gams] Glenn, Bacon & Hanlin comb. nov.) infected tall fescue Festuca arundinacea Schreb. is well-documented, published field studies have generally disregarded less conspicuous insects such as the chloropid flies (Diptera:Chloropidae). Members of the family Chloropidae (frit flies or grass flies) are common in sweep samples from low vegetation. Larvae of some species are plant pests, many are scavengers and a few are predaceous on other arthropods. No significant difference was found in the number of frit fly, Oscinella frit (Loew) (Chloropidae) larvae infesting E+ perennial rye-grass and E− ryegrass in the United Kingdom (Lewis, G.C. and Clements, R.O. 1986. J. Agric. Sci., U.K. 107:633–638). The objective of this research was to compare chloropid species diversity and population density in plots of “Kentucky 31” tall fescue (K31) (high, 75–95%, N. coenophialum infestation levels) to those in Forager (FOR) an endophyte-free tall fescue cultivar.
Shear creep of titanium aluminide phase mixtures

Shear creep, that is, creep under equal orthogonal principal stresses of opposite sign, as opposed to tensile creep, of the near-gamma Ti–44.7 at % Al– 2.0 at % Nb–2.0 at % Cr alloy has been investigated by axially extending helical springs fabricated, with small helix angle, by a two-step electric discharge machining (EDM) technique. With an applied shear stress that averages ,100 MN my2 across the crosssection of the test-piece, remarkably large plastic shear strains (>10%) have been observed and measured at 700 and 800 8C, even for fully lamellar microstructures. Axial extension (or compression) of a helix of small helix angle creates torsion (; shear) plus a small amount of bending. The maximum shear stress occurs on the inner side of the coil [1] and, for a coiled rectangular shaft such as that manufactured here, takes the approximate value:
Heterologous expression of the membrane proteins that control cellular excitability

Versatile and potent expression systems are needed to decipher the structure and functions of the many excitability proteins that have been identified through molecular cloning. This article reviews the use of recombinant vaccinia viruses (W), which have been recently explored for the heterologous expression of eukaryotic proteins. Vaccinia viruses feature a series of favourable properties, most of all a broad host range and high efficiency of infection, that make them uniquely suited as flexible expression vectors. In one type of experiment, the recombinant virus simply harbors the cDNA for the foreign protein; in a second type the virus harbors the cDNA for the specific and efficient RNA polymerase of bacteriophage T7, which in turn generates RNA from a separate introduced plasmid or virus. Both variations have been successfully applied to the expression and analysis of voltage-dependent ion channels, neurotransmitter receptors and other excitability proteins in many cell lines and postmitotic cells in culture. W vectors promise to be particularly useful to study membrane proteins that require posttranslational processing, association with cell-specific subunits or coupling to endogenous second messengers pathways.