cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Abstract Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a high rate of comorbid psychiatric conditions, including mood and anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, and eating disorders. Treatment of psychiatric disorders in CKD patients can be complicated by altered pharmacokinetics, unclear safety and efficacy of treatments, and lack of supporting evidence to guide treatment decisions. Furthermore, some psychiatric interventions may lead to renal complications, such as fluid and electrolyte disorders or worsening CKD. We review the evidence base regarding treatment of psychiatric disorders in CKD patients. We also present practical considerations regarding the management of psychiatric disorders in patients with CKD, including identifying candidates for therapy or mental health referral, the evidence for pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapy in CKD patients, the effects of CKD on psychiatric treatment, and consequences of these interventions that may prompt nephrology consultation.
Abstract 323: A Novel Human Specific Long Noncoding RNA PG1 Controls Human Cardiogenesis via Regulating Beta-catenin Activity

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate gene expression, signaling pathway, cellular and tissue functions at various stages. Recently, accumulating evidences suggest that lncRNAs play important ...
The Lisfranc Injury: A Literature Review of Anatomy, Etiology, Evaluation, and Management:

Despite being first described in the 1800s, the Lisfranc injury remains one of the most controversial topics in foot and ankle surgery. From the basic anatomy of the ligament complex to the optimal diagnostic and management methods, new research both sharpens and yet confounds our understanding of this unique injury. This article reviews the literature from established and classic papers to recent studies evaluating newer techniques. We discuss the unique bony and ligamentous anatomy, which confer strength to the Lisfranc complex, the typical mechanisms of injury, the most common classification systems, the clinical presentation, current imaging modalities, and conservative and surgical treatment options. We review studies comparing open reduction and internal fixation with primary arthrodesis of acute injuries, in addition to studies evaluating the various methods for obtaining fixation, including intra-articular screws, dorsal plates, and flexible fixation. It is clear from this review that despite the vast number of studies in the literature, much is still to be learned about the diagnosis and management of this challenging injury.Levels of Evidence: Level V: Expert opinion.
Virtual Reality-Based Music Therapy in Palliative Care: A Pilot Implementation Trial

Background: Music therapy (MT) and virtual reality (VR) have shown favorable patient-reported outcomes during serious illness. Objectives: To evaluate implementation measures of feasibility, usability, and acceptability of a VR-based MT intervention. Design: A pilot implementation study of a two-day VR-MT intervention using mixed methods. Patients created a personalized soundtrack with a music therapist, and then paired the soundtrack with a 360° VR environment. Setting/Subjects: Hospitalized patients with palliative care needs. Results: Of 23 patients (ages 20-74 years, 52% women), 17 completed the intervention, including 39% during an intensive care unit stay. Participants scored usability above average. For satisfaction, 53% chose the highest rating. Most participants spoke favorably of VR-MT, describing pleasant emotional and physical responses. Participants provided feedback on length, frequency of use, VR options, and timing of delivery. Conclusion: This VR-MT intervention was feasible, usable, and acceptable for hospitalized palliative care patients. Further study will test VR-MT outcomes.
Effects of focus of attention instructions on listeners’ evaluations of solo instrumental performance

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of focus of attention instructions (i.e. focus on the solo, accompaniment, or collaboration) on listeners’ performance evaluations. Participants...
Contraceptive Use Among Women in the United States Aged 18-44 Years with Selected Medical Contraindications to Estrogen.

Objective: Medical contraindications to estrogen limit women's contraceptive options. This study assessed the association between selected medical contraindications to estrogen on contraceptive use...
Designing a Flexible Grid Enabled Scientific Modeling Interface

The Espresso Scientific Modeling Interface (Espresso) is a scientific model productivity tool developed for climate modelers. Espresso was designed to be an extensible interface to both scientific models and Grid resources. It also aims to be a contemporary piece of software that relies on Globus.org's Java CoG Kit for a Grid toolkit, Sun's Java 2 API and is configured using XML. This article covers the design and implementation of Espresso's Grid functionality and how it interacts with existing scientific models. We give specific examples of how we have designed Espresso to perform climate simulations using the PSU/NCAR MM5 atmospheric model. Plans to incorporate the CCSM and FOAM climate models are also discussed.
The Census as Civilizer: American Indian Household Structure in the 1900 and 1910 U.S. Censuses

The earliest censuses of the American Indian population in the United States raise several issues about the quality of census data for analysis of household structure. The 1900 and 1910 censuses were part of an intrusive colonizing bureaucracy insensitive to cultural relativism and intent on transforming Indians into model Americans....Determining boundaries of the household the sequence of individuals listed within it and their relationships to each other enumerators had the power to make Indian families appear more like Euroamerican families. Despite the transforming power of the process the censuses did capture some distinctness in residence patterns for different cultural groups. Although enumerators tried to fit Indian families into alien Euroamerican bureaucratized definitions of a family cultural differences in residence patterns are still apparent....[The author concludes that] the census is a reliable source of information for family history so long as users are aware of potential biases. (EXCERPT)
Examining Adrenergic Roles in Development, Physiology, and Behavior through Targeted Disruption of the Mouse Dopamine β-Hydroxylase Gene

Publisher Summary A novel approach to studying the adrenergic nervous system by genetically altering mice without allowing them to produce norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (Epi) was accomplished by targeted disruption of the dopamine β -hydroxylase (DBH) gene. An important consideration of this mutation is that dopamine (DA), the precursor of NE, is stored in and secreted from adrenergic terminals and cell bodies. As expected for the precursor of NE, DA was present at high levels in the mutant fetuses. The fetal lethality is because of the absence of NE rather than excess DA, because mice lacking both NE and DA (tyrosine hydroxylase-/-) had a very similar phenotype. Because catecholamines can cross the placenta, it was possible that derivatives of catecholamines that are agonists for specific adrenergic receptor sub-types might prove useful in defining the receptors required for fetal development. NE and Epi play an additional role in cold acclimatization because they also mediate vasoconstriction and piloerection. A clear prediction then is that adaptation to cold should be impaired in mutant mice. Indeed, DBH-/- mice only survive between 1 and 2 hr at 4°C, whereas controls survive indefinitely. The genetic approach of disrupting the DBH gene to produce mice devoid of NE and Epi has proven to be interesting and useful. Unanticipated phenotypes have been observed at the developmental, physiological, and behavioral levels.
Motion model development for very shallow water/surf zone crawler

The Very Shallow Water/Surf Zone (VSW/SZ) environment presents a challenging problem to Mine Countermeasures (MCM) operations conducted in military operations involving amphibious landings. Present tactics involve human swimmers and present a risky and time-consuming scenario. There are Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle (UAV) systems under development that will replace the human swimmers in VSW/SZ MCM operations. One of these systems is an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV), commonly known as a crawler. The crawler system is a small tracked vehicle, which will carry a suite of sensors that will enable it to perform necessary MCM functions such as detect, classify, identify, mark, re-acquire, and neutralize threat targets To aid in the development of the crawler system and associated tactical use, a three degree-of-freedom motion model is being developed for incorporation into an engineering level simulation under development at the Coastal Systems Station (CSS). At present the equations of motion with empirical force models have been implemented into the simulation.
Public health: Biodefence built on teamwork

The golden era of US vaccine research holds beneficial lessons for today, finds John Grabenstein.
Agents and the algebra of emotion

Using NAMS (Negotiating Agents and Marital Stability), a couple who is considering marriage is aided in evaluating their compatibility. Using a vector of fundamental emotions, our algebra of emotion allows us to model self-generating emotions (such an interest or anger), have history-sensitive interactions, and accommodate gender differences.
An integrated vehicular-wireless evaluation of WAVE/DSRC connected vehicle probe data service

This paper describes an evaluation of a standardized Probe Data Service (PDS) defined for collecting vehicular probe data via Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) networks operating in the Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) band. Our evaluation is performed by simulating the security and networking functions that support PDS. Our key findings are that in the current design of the service, in which vehicular on-board units are programmed to transmit their collected probe data immediately upon entering the coverage area of a road-side unit (RSU), wireless communication losses can be significant. The use of VDTLS, a security mechanism to transport probe data messages, offered unexpected advantages by forcing vehicles to move closer to RSUs before message transmissions if the VDTLS handshake fails or a session disconnects. An increase in the number and frequency of transmissions, and a decrease in the size of the transmitted messages, resulted in a reduction in failed wireless transmissions.
Effects of corticosteroid synthesis inhibitors on the sensitization of reward by food restriction

Chronic food restriction sensitizes animals to the rewarding effects of food, drugs and lateral hypothalamic electrical stimulation. The present study employed a curve-shift analysis of lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation (LHSS) to evaluate whether the elevated plasma corticosterone levels that accompany food restriction mediate the sensitization of reward. In Experiment 1, two adrenocorticoid synthesis inhibitors, aminoglutethimide and metyrapone, were administered to food-restricted rats and the magnitude of plasma corticosterone suppression was determined at two post-administration time points. In Experiment 2, these compounds were administered to ad libitum fed and food-restricted rats whose LHSS behavior was evaluated at a time coincident with suppression of corticosterone. It was found that neither compound reversed the sensitizing effect of food-restriction on the rewarding efficacy of brain stimulation. However, aminoglutethimide (50 mg/kg) produced an increase in maximal response rates (a performance factor) across groups while metyrapone (100 mg/kg) produced a decrease. The most interesting result of this study was that 2 h after aminoglutethimide administration, when corticosterone levels had recovered from suppression, the rewarding efficacy of LHSS increased markedly in food-restricted rats. Possible explanations for this effect, including adrenocortical rebound, alterations in neurosteroid synthesis, and exacerbation of metabolic need are discussed.
Time‐dependent schrödinger equation with Markovian outgoing wave boundary conditions: Applications to quantum tunneling dynamics and photoionization

Markovian outgoing wave boundary conditions are introduced as an approximate method to reduce the size of the computational grid for time integration of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation. The ratio and polynomial methods developed as open boundary conditions are applied to the wave function at the boundaries of the computational grid. This computational method is used to study the wave packet dynamics for a metastable well, a double well, and strong-field ionization of a model atom. Accurate results demonstrate that this method can significantly reduce the number of grid points required in a dynamical calculation for quantum dynamical problems. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Operation of energy harvesting devices in different vibration modes

In the past, most of the operating strategies of energy harvesting devices focus only on the resonant frequency of its first mode. The resonant frequency in this mode is fine tuned with an attached proof mass. This paper presents a new approach of operating energy harvesting devices in different vibration modes. With this operation strategy, the harvested power can be increased. The resonant frequencies of adopted piezoelectric devices in different modes can be fine tuned with the same mechanism. A mathematical model that estimates resonant frequencies of piezoelectric cantilevers is proposed for various scenarios. The theoretical results have also been validated by experiments with different mass moving along the experimental cantilever. Other important factors, such as resistive loads, that affect output power are discussed as well.
A Competitive Stapled Peptide Screen Identifies a Selective Small Molecule that Overcomes MCL-1-Dependent Leukemia Cell Survival

Cancer cells hijack BCL-2 family survival proteins to suppress the death effectors and thereby enforce an immortal state. This is accomplished biochemically by an antiapoptotic surface groove that neutralizes the proapoptotic BH3 α helix of death proteins. Antiapoptotic MCL-1 in particular has emerged as a ubiquitous resistance factor in cancer. Although targeting the BCL-2 antiapoptotic subclass effectively restores the death pathway in BCL-2-dependent cancer, the development of molecules tailored to the binding specificity of MCL-1 has lagged. We previously discovered that a hydrocarbon-stapled MCL-1 BH3 helix is an exquisitely selective MCL-1 antagonist. By deploying this unique reagent in a competitive screen, we identified an MCL-1 inhibitor molecule that selectively targets the BH3-binding groove of MCL-1, neutralizes its biochemical lock-hold on apoptosis, and induces caspase activation and leukemia cell death in the specific context of MCL-1 dependence.
Uterine anomalies in Wilms' tumor survivors.

the Medical Re- search Council Human Genetics Unit (Edin- burgh, United Kingdom) for the molecular anal- yses. Address for reprints: H. Stacy Nicholson, M.D., Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s National Medical Center, 11 1 Michigan Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20010. Received January 22, 1996; revision received May 14, 1996; accepted May 14, 1996.
Electrochemical performance of an ion selective, polymeric membrane following chronic implantation in rat subcutaneous tissue

Abstract To determine if ion selective, poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) membranes retain their electrochemical properties following chronic exposure to a physiologic environment, miniaturized, H + -selective electrodes are implanted subcutaneously in the rat for up to 21 days. Electrode stability, sensitivity, selectivity, response time and internal resistance are measured following implantation and compared to pre-implant values. We show that sensitivity and selectivity are decreased only slightly following implantation. Electrode stability and response times show small changes over implant duration. We conclude that, with the exception of drift, ion selective, PVC membranes retain much of their capacity for accurate electrochemical measures following as much as 21 days of direct and continuous exposure to rat subcutaneous tissue.
Expression analysis of MIR182 and its associated target genes in advanced ovarian carcinoma

BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations are common and the hallmarks of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. We found that MIR182, a negative BRCA1 regulator, is significantly overexpressed in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. To examine whether overexpression of MIR182 and its target genes, including BRCA1, HMGA2 (high-mobility group A2), FOXO3 and MTSS1, are associated with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma tumor types and clinical outcome, we studied MIR182 by in situ hybridization and its target gene expression by immunohistochemistry in 117 cases of advanced ovarian cancer. We found that high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma had significantly higher MIR182 (P=0.0003) and HMGA2 (P=0.04) expression, and significantly lower BRCA1 (P<0.0001) and FOXO3 (P<0.001) expression than normal controls. MIR182 is significantly correlated with MTSS1 expression (r=0.31; P<0.001), whereas other target genes did not show a significant correlation with MIR182, indicating a complicated regulatory mechanisms of these genes in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Among the examined MIR182 target genes, only HMGA2 was significantly associated with serous type carcinomas (P<0.01), ascites (P<0.01) and high death rate (P=0.02). FOXO3 expression was associated with lower-stage disease (P=0.04) and solid growth pattern (P=0.03). MIR182 expression is significantly higher in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma than in fallopian tubes.
Mucosal immunoglobulins and B cells of teleost fish

As physical barriers that separate teleost fish from the external environment, mucosae are also active immunological sites that protect them against exposure to microbes and stressors. In mammals, the sites where antigens are sampled from mucosal surfaces and where stimulation of naive T and B lymphocytes occurs are known as inductive sites and are constituted by mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). According to anatomical location, the MALT in teleost fish is subdivided into gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT), and gill-associated lymphoid tissue (GIALT). All MALT contain a variety of leukocytes, including, but not limited to, T cells, B cells, plasma cells, macrophages and granulocytes. Secretory immunoglobulins are produced mainly by plasmablasts and plasma cells, and play key roles in the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis. Until recently, teleost fish B cells were thought to express only two classes of immunoglobulins, IgM and IgD, in which IgM was thought to be the only one responding to pathogens both in systemic and mucosal compartments. However, a third teleost immunoglobulin class, IgT/IgZ, was discovered in 2005, and it has recently been shown to behave as the prevalent immunoglobulin in gut mucosal immune responses. The purpose of this review is to summarise the current knowledge of mucosal immunoglobulins and B cells of fish MALT. Moreover, we attempt to integrate the existing knowledge on both basic and applied research findings on fish mucosal immune responses, with the goal to provide new directions that may facilitate the development of novel vaccination strategies that stimulate not only systemic, but also mucosal immunity.
Experimental Cutaneous Candidiasis In Rodents

Epicutaneous application of viable Candida albicans or Candida stellatoidea under an occlusive dressing resulted in subcorneal microabscesses in newborn rats and mice. Neither heat-killed C. albicans nor occlusion alone resulted in epidermal micropustules. These results were dependent upon the number of organisms applied and the duration of application. Four additional species of Candida tested did not produce epidermal micropustules. The microscopic pathology of the abscesses revealed penetration of the epidermis by Candida pseudohyphae; the tips of these hyphal processes were seen within the pustules when sections were stained by the periodic acid-Schiff method. The resident flora of the newborn mouse or rat was not substantially altered by occlusion with or without C. albicans during the interval tested. This animal model of cutaneous candidiasis will permit greater manipulation and control in investigations of cutaneous candidiasis and the factors influencing neutrophil accumulation in the epidermis.
Variety of Self-Injury: Is the Number of Different Methods of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Related to Personality, Psychopathology, or Functions of Self-Injury?

This study explored the association between number of methods of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) and personality, psychopathology, and functions of NSSI. Two combined undergraduate samples reporting a history of NSSI (n = 149) completed measures of personality, psychopathology, and NSSI. A series of regression analyses indicated that Conscientiousness, Openness, and two functions of NSSI (i.e., Automatic Negative Reinforcement and Social Negative Reinforcement) shared significant relationships with the number of NSSI methods participants engaged in. These findings demonstrate that, after accounting for NSSI frequency, a relationship exists among specific personality factors, NSSI functions, and engagement in additional methods of NSSI.
A clinician's perspective: novel oral anticoagulants to reduce the risk of stroke in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation--full speed ahead or proceed with caution?

Over the past few years, three novel oral anticoagulants, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban, have been approved in the USA and Europe to reduce the risk of stroke or systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, and the results of a Phase III trial for a fourth novel oral anticoagulant, edoxaban, have recently been published. The aim of this review is to examine this indication from a clinician’s perspective, highlighting efficacy and safety results from the major trials with these novel oral agents. Clinical issues regarding bleeding, monitoring, and reversal are discussed, along with requirements to consider when interrupting treatment with a novel oral anticoagulant for the purpose of transitioning to another anticoagulant and prior to cardioversion, ablation, percutaneous coronary intervention, or emergency surgery. The cost-effectiveness of each of the approved novel oral anticoagulants is reviewed, and the author provides recommendations for selecting appropriate patients for these agents.
A failure to communicate.

In the film Cool Hand Luke, Paul Newman stars as BLuke,^ a rebellious prisoner in a southern prison camp. Unable to tolerate the confinement of prison, Luke attempts an escape but is soon captured, returned to the prison and put in chains by the captain who aims to make an example of him in front of the others. Even in this vulnerable position, Luke refuses to give in and talks back to the captain, who, enraged, beats him and utters one of the most oft quoted lines in movie history:
Comparison between two decomposition approaches for parallel computation of structural optimization

Abstract This paper presents a comparison between two different approaches for parallel computation of structural optimization problems. The first approach decomposes the original structure into several substructures and assigns each substructure to one processor. Each processor handles the finite element calculation of its assigned substructure independently with limited communication between processors. The second approach decomposes the computation of the constraint gradient evaluation. When a constraint gradient evaluation is needed the main processor decomposes it into several computation tasks, then assigns the computation tasks to the other available processors. To compare the speedup of the two approaches some numerical examples on the CRAY X-MP multi-processor system are presented.
The Whittaker-Shannon sampling theorem for experimental reconstruction of free-space wave packets

A data analysis scheme is proposed for determining the quantum state of a one-dimensional wave packet describing atomic translational motion in free space. The Whittaker-Shannon sampling theorem is applied to reconstruct exactly a certain portion of the momentum-basis density matrix from Fourier transforms of measured position-probability densities. The sampling theorem is valid if the spatial wave correlation function equals zero ouside some finite range. It is most useful in cases where the range of available data is insufficient to allow a complete reconstruction of the state by phase-space tomography, as in recent experimental studies of atomic-beam state reconstruction by Pfau and Kurtsiefer.
International Harmonization of Food and Nutrition Regulation: The Good and the Bad

Abstract Researchers have long been interested in food and nutrition regulations. Such regulations, however, expand beyond the typical research focus on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Several international organizations play a role in global food and nutrition regulations. The authors discuss the issues revolving around harmonization of food and nutrition regulations and discuss the potential benefits and negative impacts of this process.
Selenium Content of Processed Soybeans

Soybeans were grown hydroponically and labeled with 75Se-selenite or 75Se-selenate. The seeds were then processed into a full fat soy flour, a defatted soy flour, and an acid-precipitated high-protein concentrate. Analysis for 75Se and total selenium showed that selenium concentration was dependent on the protein levels of the processed fractions indicating that the major portion of 75Se in soybeans is incorporated in proteins.
Development of afferent lamination in Ammon's horn of the rat.

The establishment of afferent lamination is apparently a prenatal event in Ammon's horn of the rat. Segregation between the entorhinal cortical and commissural/associational axon systems and their mutual respect of a common boudary are already apparent autoradiographically by the day of birth. Additional Fink-Heimer analysis suggests several maturational gradients once lamination has been established. First, the perforant path to CA3 appears to mature slightly earlier than the temporoammonic tract to CA1 at a septal level; the former also shows a septal to temporal progression in maturation. Second, the commissural and associational systems also appear to mature earlier in CA3 than in CA1. This is particularly evident for the commissural system, which progressively matures from the point of entry at CA3b simultaneously towards CA3c and CA1. The commissural system also shows a septal to temporal maturational gradient, which likely reflects the course of the growing axons. In addition to the transverse and longitudinal gradients, a third, intralaminar, gradient is suggested in the present Fink-Heimer material, in which maturation proceeds disto-proximally (1) from entorhinal to commissural and (2) within the stratum radiatum beginning at the juncture of the commissural/associational and entorhinal cortical terminal fields in CA3. This intriguing result supports an hypothesis that lamination is first established by formation of the boundary between the commissural/associational and entorhinal cortical systems, then is maintained with future dendritic growth as each respective system expands within its own territory.
Moment equations in the Wigner formulation for superlattice band structures

Abstract First and second moment equations are derived for the Wigner distribution function and its transport equation. An electric field is applied in the superlattice direction. The energy structure has a sinusoidal band, formed by the superlattice, with the other two dimensions of arbitrary energy from. The results are equations, which are functions of the fiels, for the average velocity and energy for such a structure.
Wakayama Symposium: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma (PPARγ) and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Recently we have shown that mouse and human meibomian glands undergo specific age-related changes, including decreased acinar cell proliferation, acinar atrophy, and altered peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) localization from cytoplasmic-vesicular/nuclear in young mice and humans to nuclear in old mice and humans. Since PPARγ is a lipid-sensitive, nuclear receptor implicated in regulating adipocyte and sebocyte differentiation and lipogenesis, our findings suggest that PPARγ may be involved in modulating meibomian gland differentiation during aging. Based on these findings, we propose that aging of the meibomian gland results in downregulation of PPARγ, leading to decreased meibocyte differentiation and lipid synthesis, gland atrophy, and a hyposecretory meibomian gland dysfunction.
Quitline referral vs. self-help manual for tobacco use cessation in the Emergency Department: a feasibility study.

Tobacco use counseling interventions delivered in the primary care setting are efficacious, but limited evidence exists regarding their feasibility or efficacy in the Emergency Department (ED). ED randomized controlled trials evaluating referral for outpatient tobacco use counseling have not had a single subject in the intervention groups attend scheduled clinic appointments. Telephone counseling potentially affords the opportunity to provide this population with individual counseling more conveniently than traditional clinic counseling. The purpose of this preliminary study was to evaluate the intervention completion rate among cigarette smokers enrolled through the ED in a tobacco quitline (QL) and to assess the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of this intervention. We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled, un-blinded pilot study enrolling cigarette smokers presenting to a tertiary-care ED. Patients indicating a desire to quit smoking were randomized to receive either proactive telephone counseling through a QL (intervention) or a self-help manual (control). Of 212 smokers who indicated an interest in quitting, 20 subjects were randomized to the QL and 19 to control. Twenty-one did not meet inclusion criteria and 152 refused to participate. A total of 10 patients (50%) enrolled in the QL completed the full intervention. However, only a total of 20 patients (51%) were reached for follow-up at 3 or 6 months (10 in each arm). At 6-month follow-up a total of six subjects had either disconnected their phone, no longer lived at the provided phone number or had provided an incorrect number. Two declined to provide follow-up and the remainder could not be reached. Assuming all patients unavailable for follow-up were still smoking, the 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence rate at 6 months was 20% (95% CI: 6 to 44%) for the QL group and 0% (95% CI: 0 to 15%) for the control group (p = 0.11). Compliance with the QL intervention was encouraging and may hold promise for providing needed tobacco use counseling to ED patients. Future studies are required, and should focus on more effective mechanisms to obtain outcome measures and a larger sample size. NCT00394420
Positive perimenstrual changes: toward a new perspective on the menstrual cycle

Although many women report negative symptoms, the perimenstrual phase also is associated with enhanced mood and performance among some women. However, research on perimenstrual concomitants reflects a sterotypic negative bias that does not encompass the complexity of the phenomena. This paper tries to redress that balance by documenting the prevalence of positive perimenstrual changes. Overall, about 5-15% of women experience increased excitement, energy, and well-being in the perimenstrual phase. Many women also report increased activity, heightened sexuality, and improved performance on certain types of tasks during the perimenstrual phase. Future research should examine why some women report positive perimenstrual changes, the extent to which individual variations in hormone levels can account for differences in women's perimenstrual experience, and how much women differ in their responsiveness to changing hormone levels. The influence of menstrual-related beliefs and expectations on the changes a woman reports also needs to be clarified.
Canopy phenology of some mopane and miombo woodlands in eastern Zambia

rains. Plateau miombo exhibited the lowest range of seasonality in the tree layer, ranging from about Measurements of tree canopy closure and field-layer 40% to 60% closure over one complete seasonal reflectance were made in a series of plots in protected cycle. Phenology of the field layer, expressed as areas of eastern Zambia as part of a multiyear study the normalized diVerence vegetation index (NDVI), of savanna woodlands. The plots were located in closely followed that of the tree layer, although the the Luangwa Valley and adjacent plateaux, which field layer senesced earlier than trees, especially in contained a range of vegetation types found in plots with relatively low tree canopy closure. The southern Africa. The vegetation consisted of four relationship between tree-canopy closure and fieldbroad types: 1. plateau miombo woodland; layer NDVI was positive and statistically significant 2. valley miombo woodland; 3. scrub miombo for all sites of the study area, which suggests that woodland; and 4. scrub and woodland mopane. woody biomass and herbaceous biomass are related Hemispherical photographs of the tree layer positively in these savanna woodland ecosystems. provided measurements of tree canopy phenology in the diVerent vegetation plots. The most seasonal Key words. Canopy phenology, Zambezian woodlands, mopane woodland, miombo woodland, woodland type was mopane, where tree canopy closure ranged from about 15% at the end of the hemispherical photography, NDVI, Luangwa Valley, tree‐grass interactions. dry season to just over 60% during the peak of the
Mechanisms of fatigue hardening in copper single crystals: The effects of strain amplitude and orientation

Abstract The effects of the applied strain amplitude and crystal orientation, which strongly affect rapid hardening in fatigue, were explored by constant-strain-amplitude tests on copper single crystals. In general, a higher strain amplitude and a higher ratio of stress on the secondary system to that on the primary system act to increase the back stress and the friction stress in the specimen. Therefore the resultant cyclic flow stress in higher at a given cumulative strain, but only during rapid hardening. These results are discussed in terms of the Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf theory of rapid hardening, and an elaboration of that theory is provided to take more explicit account of gradual changes in dislocation behavior during rapid hardening. The saturation flow stress is found to be independent of both orientation (except for the periphery of the unit triangle) and strain amplitude in the plateau region of the cyclic stress-strain curve. Orientation has little effect, because of latent hardening, on rapid hardening behavior at low strains, and thus the lower limit of the plateau in the cyclic stress-strain curve is not affected by orientation. The upper limit also appears to be unaffected.
Interactive singulation of objects from a pile

Interaction with unstructured groups of objects allows a robot to discover and manipulate novel items in cluttered environments. We present a framework for interactive singulation of individual items from a pile. The proposed framework provides an overall approach for tasks involving operation on multiple objects, such as counting, arranging, or sorting items in a pile. A perception module combined with pushing actions accumulates evidence of singulated items over multiple pile interactions. A decision module scores the likelihood of a single-item pile to a multiple-item pile based on the magnitude of motion and matching determined from the perception module. Three variations of the singulation framework were evaluated on a physical robot for an arrangement task. The proposed interactive singulation method with adaptive pushing reduces the grasp errors on non-singulated piles compared to alternative methods without the perception and decision modules. This work contributes the general pile interaction framework, a specific method for integrating perception and action plans with grasp decisions, and an experimental evaluation of the cost trade-offs for different singulation methods.
Variations in osmoregulatory capacity in two species of intertidal sabellariids (Annelida: Polychaeta) from tropical and mediterranean habitats

Abstract 1. 1. Phragmatopoma lapidosa and P. californica can volume regulate and tolerate salinities ranging between 30 and 40% sea water. 2. 2. P. lapidosa has a lower water permeability than P. californica. 3. 3. P. lapidosa and P. californica are sodium ion conformers and maintain an ion deficit in reduced salinity. This response was more pronounced in P. californica than P. lapidosa. 4. 4. The oxygen uptake for both species was about 125 μl/g wet wt/hr and was reduced by P. californica to about 90 μl/g wet wt/hr in 50% sea water. Salinity reduction had little effect on the oxygen uptake in P. lapidosa. 5. 5. The responses of tropical sabellariids are comparable to those of brackish water invertebrates. In contrast, sabellariids from mediterranean type climates respond more like oceanic and sublittoral forms.
Micro-Raman Spectroscopy of the Hemoglobin Iron-Histidine Bond in Single Erythrocytes

The iron-histidine vibrational mode probes the crucial iron-protein linkage in heme proteins, and it has been established as a sensitive structural probe of the proximal heme pocket from studies of proteins in solution. The cellular environment can modify the interactions and dynamics from the isolated protein. We present Raman measurements on individual erythrocytes under physiological conditions over the frequency range from 150 to 1700 cm-1. Raman spectra were excited with the 442 nm line from a He-Cd laser using 2-3 mW power at the sample. Photodissociation of the ligated hemoglobin is achieved by the excitation laser beam and monitored by the oxidation state marker bands. We investigate the pressure dependence of the iron-histidine stretching mode and compare with results on isolated hemoglobin and myoglobin. A pressure dependent shift suggests a conformational change of the heme environment with pressure.
“There Is Not One Realism, But Several Realisms”: A Review of Opening Bazin*

There was a period when Andre Bazin was considered by some to be a simplistic, naive thinker whose writings were only of historic interest. In 1974, Screen regular Colin MacCabe, in a widely influential article, characterized Bazin as “a theoretically naive empiricist, a kind of idiot of the family.” How times have changed. In a new essay, MacCabe writes that Bazin realized that cinema creates a “complicated series of relationships between camera and setting” and concludes that Bazin was really a modernist, and so on the right side of history after all. Bazin, a modernist? I am not so sure. However, the sea change evidenced by MacCabe is symptomatic of the state of cinema studies as a whole: Bazin is back! This must be deeply gratifying to Bazin scholar and editor of Opening Bazin: Postwar Theory and Its Afterlife Dudley Andrew, who has been Bazin's leading advocate on the American side of the Atlantic for more than three decades.
Estrogen receptor β: switching to a new partner and escaping from estrogen

Estrogen receptor (ER) β, the "second" ER, plays a gatekeeper role by inhibiting cell proliferation, promoting apoptosis, and impeding the progression of prostate cancer. Ironically, its presumed ligand, 17β-estradiol, promotes cancer development in experimental models. The mechanisms underlying the interplay between estrogens and ERβ in prostate cancer remain largely unclear. Research on a previously unknown tethering partner of ERβ, Kruppel-like zinc finger transcription factor 5 (KLF5), and its downstream gene target (FOXO1) helps to unlock this puzzle. 17β-Estradiol is not required to maintain the tumor-suppressive function of ERβ in the prostate, a tissue with limited estrogen availability; moreover, the presence of 17β-estradiol abrogates ERβ- and KLF5-mediated signaling and promotes cellular proliferation. Future research into ERβ will likely involve this estrogen independency and the preference for binding nonclassical DNA elements through tethering. The development of ERβ-based therapies may lead to improved drug efficacy.
Genetics: LINEs in mind.

At least half the human genome consists of mobile elements, such as LINEs, some of which can jump around the genome. These elements have been crucial in genome evolution, but they may also contribute to human diversity. Vive la difference seems fair comment when it comes to the organization of the vertebrate brain and mind. The basic kit of parts can achieve considerable variation between individuals. A source of variability in the neuronal genome that might explain some of the differences is reported this week: retrotransposition by LINE-1 regulatory elements. In adult rat neuronal stem cells, and in vivo in brains of transgenic mice, an engineered human LINE-1 is shown to produce DNA from RNA by reverse transcription. Similar retrotranspositions have been seen previously in germ cells or in early embryogenesis, before the cells had adopted a distinct (neuronal, say) lineage. But this new work suggests that mobile genetic elements might alter the neuronal genome — and neuronal circuits — at a much later stage.
Heart rate changes in dogs during temporally spaced responding.

Abstract Heart rate (HR) and general activity were recorded while dogs pressed a panel for food on a differential reinforcement of low rate schedule. In Experiment 1, 2 of the 4 dogs showed an acceleration of HR prior to panel presses, while all dogs decelerated after panel presses. The magnitude of HR deceleration, however, was not different for reinforced and non-reinforced (error) responses. The same general HR pattern was observed in Experiment 2 in which the peak acceleration coincided with panel presses for two dogs and slightly afterwards for two dogs. For 3 of the 4 dogs in Experiment 2, a significant correlation was found between HR and general activity changes. While the results supported the notion that metabolic requirements generated by a particular behavioral task are a primary determinant of behaviorally induced HR changes, they failed to support Malmo's contention that HR changes reflect the reinforcement process.
Enabling and cost-effective TiCl4-based PECVD Ti and CVD TiN processes for gigabit DRAM technology

This paper discusses TiCl 4 based PECVD Ti and CVD TiN processes that enable a critical contact technology for cost effective gigabit DRAMs. The PECVD Ti contact silicidation process and the CVD TiN barrier process together allow for reliable contact metallization with excellent contact resistance and leakage current performance for aspect ratios >12:1. Such capability has allowed a substantial increase in capacitor height alleviating the need for either a change in the capacitor dielectric as well as allowing the continuation of the bitline over capacitor metallization architecture. In addition, the in-situ silicidation capability of the PECVD Ti process allows for the elimination of the contact silicidation anneal step. When used as the top electrode in Ta 2 O 5 based capacitor structures, TiCl 4 based CVD TiN provides for reliable metallization with excellent leakage current performance. Preliminary results show that CVD TiN provides the capability for a complete plug fill with no peeling or cracking.
SCR Application for Turret Moored FPSOs in West Africa

Turret moored Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) systems with flexible risers have been successfully used in many deepwater developments in West Africa. However, Steel Catenary Risers (SCR) have not been used on a turret moored FPSO because of concerns with the riser fatigue and compression loading due to the large FPSO motions at the turret location. ExxonMobil has initiated a development program to establish the feasibility of SCRs on turret moored FPSOs. The goal of this work effort is enable the use of SCRs on West African turret-moored FPSOs and thereby expand the riser concept options to bring potential economic advantage for future prospects. Additionally, the SCRs may be needed to comply with local content requirements. The development program consists of identifying the limitations of a conventional SCR design, establishing feasible SCR concepts that meet the strength and fatigue requirements, and pre-qualification of a high fatigue performance welding technology. The program focuses on alternate SCR concepts including SCRs with locally weighted and buoyant sections. This paper presents the SCR concepts and the associated analysis results which demonstrate the elimination of compressive loads in the touch down area and the achievement of adequate weld fatigue performance throughout the riser. This paper further presents the results of the inconel weld pre-qualification program including fatigue tests on large and small diameter pipe to demonstrate enhanced fatigue performance.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
GMM estimation of social interaction models with centrality

This paper considers the specification and estimation of social interaction models with network structures and the presence of endogenous, contextual, correlated, and group fixed effects. When the network structure in a group is captured by a graph in which the degrees of nodes are not all equal, the different positions of group members as measured by the Bonacich (1987) centrality provide additional information for identification and estimation. In this case, the Bonacich centrality measure for each group can be used as an instrument for the endogenous social effect, but the number of such instruments grows with the number of groups. We consider the 2SLS and GMM estimation for the model. The proposed estimators are asymptotically efficient, respectively, within the class of IV estimators and the class of GMM estimators based on linear and quadratic moments, when the sample size grows fast enough relative to the number of instruments.
Sources and information: Community college faculty

This annotated bibliography presents additional information related to community college faculty, including attitudes and perceptions, professional development, faculty evaluation, and recruitment.
The next decade in geochemistry

Abstract The purpose, associations, functions; and activities of the Geochmical Society are reviewed briefly. Work on the Colorado Plateau uranium deposits is described as an example of what geochemical research, in conjunction with detailed field work, mineralogical studies, and related techniques can contribute to the understanding of a type of deposit. It is pointed out that not only have these studies given a great deal of information about the origin of the ores, but they have brought about directly a manifold increase in production and reserves of uranium in the United States. Indirectly, they aided the discovery of the tremendous deposits of the Blind River area in Ontario. It is suggested that similar broad cooperative attacks could not only yield comparable results with other types of mineral deposits, such as laterites and Mississippi Valley type lead-zinc deposits, but could also advance our knowledge and understanding of such diverse problems of geology and cosmology as the origin of granites, origin and geologic implications of meteorites (including tektites), origin and search for petroleum, and geochemical relations and interpretations of natural waters. For each of these problems methods of approach are outlined and for some of them, specific projects and correlative problems are mentioned. It is further suggested that the broad cooperative attack needed for most of these problems might be fostered most effectively by a programme comparable to that of the I.G.Y., even though for most types of geochemical research synoptic sampling and observations are not as important as they are for many projects in geophysics.