cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cyano-Bridged Re6Q8 (Q = S, Se) Cluster-Cobalt(II) Framework Materials: Versatile Solid Chemical Sensors

Face-capped octahedral clusters of the type [Re6Q8(CN)6]4- (Q = S, Se) are used to space apart partially hydrated Co2+ ions in extended solid frameworks, creating porous materials that display dramatic color changes upon exposure to certain organic solvents. The clusters react with cobaltous ions in aqueous solution to precipitate the new solid phases [Co2(H2O)4][Re6S8(CN)6]·10H2O (1), Cs2[Co(H2O)2][Re6S8(CN)6]·2H2O (2), and [Co(H2O)3]4[Co2(H2O)4][Re6Se8(CN)6]3·44H2O (3). The structures of 1·2H2O and 3 were determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The former consists of an expanded Prussian blue type framework with [Re6S8]2+ and [Co2(μ-OH2)2]4+ cluster cores occupying alternate metal ion sites, and features cubelike cages enclosing water-filled cavities approximately 258 A3 in volume. The latter structure exhibits a network of Co2+ ions and [Co2(μ-OH2)2]4+ cores connected through [Re6Se8(CN)6]4- clusters, defining an array of one-dimensional channels with minimum internal diameters of 4.8 A. A Rietvel...
Endoscopic Fourth Ventriculostomy: Suboccipital Transaqueductal Approach for Fenestration of Isolated Fourth Ventricle: Case Report and Technical Note

Background Trapped or isolated fourth ventricle is a known, late sequela after lateral ventricular shunt placement for hydrocephalus, particularly after infection or hemorrhage. It may cause brainstem compression and insidiously present with ataxia, dysarthria, and intracranial hypertension, further delaying diagnosis. There is no universally agreed on treatment algorithm, and options include open fenestration through a suboccipital craniotomy, fourth ventricle shunting, and minimally invasive options including endoscopic stenting and fenestration through a precoronal approach. Case Description We describe a young child with epilepsy and symptomatic brainstem compression from a dilated fourth ventricle, with a history of streptococcal parietal abscess and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus requiring shunt placement. Given his history of infection and nearly neurologically intact examination, we pursued minimally invasive endoscopy through a suboccipital, transaqueductal approach to fenestrate his fourth ventricle. Conclusions Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated complex, loculated hydrocephalus and a dilated fourth ventricle. Under electromagnetic navigation, we endoscopically fenestrated his fourth ventricle using a rarely described suboccipital, transaqueductal approach. He tolerated the procedure without complication and improved neurologically, although his follow-up MRI demonstrated no change in fourth ventricular dilation at 1 year. Although there was no decrease in size of the fourth ventricle on follow-up MRI, we describe an alternative, well-tolerated, suboccipital approach for the management of a trapped fourth ventricle. Fenestration of a web of tissue in the aqueduct of Sylvius provided long-term clinical improvement and may provide a rescue approach for patients who are not candidates for standard approaches.
Approach to Evaluation of Delamination on the MiG-29’s Vertical Stabilizers Composite Skin

The airframe of the MiG-29 jet fighter is a semi-monocoque, aluminum structure. The vertical stabilizer skin is the only safety-critical load bearing components made of composite materials. According to the manufacturer’s instruction, the vertical stabilizer operation is based on the safe-life approach i.e. monitoring of hourly and calendar based service lifes. In addition, visual inspections including tap-testing are periodically performed.
Rational treatments for ketosis in fresh cows

Hyperketonemia affects over 40% of dairy cows in early lactation. The prevalence of hyperketonemia (determined by spot checks within herds) is about 20%. Negative impacts of hyperketonemia most notably include decreased milk yield, increased risk for displaced abomasum, and increased risk for early lactation herd removal. Cowside blood betahydroxybutyrate tests are now available for rapid and accurate diagnosis of hyperketonemia. Urine and milk tests can also be used, but have substantial disadvantages. Accurate and early diagnosis of hyperketonemia after calving allows early and effective treatment. This mitigates about half of the negative impacts of hyperketonemia such as decreased milk yield, increased risk for displaced abomasum, and increased risk for herd removal. Mild to moderate cases of hyperketonemia in individual cows are best treated with an oral glucose precursor such as propylene glycol. Intravenous glucose should be reserved for severe cases and followed with oral glucose precursors.
Unifying Material Culture and Traditional Research: How Academic Museums Stimulate Interdisciplinary Experiences for Faculty

One process of developing academic museum exhibitions is a specific strategy of interdisciplinary inquiry learning between museum curators and faculty. This research explores the co-development of exhibitions at the Goldstein Museum of Design at the University of Minnesota, specifically the goals of the co-curation learning experience and the process impact on faculty guest curators. Interdisciplinarity occurs as guest curators find that they are able to investigate museum exhibitions as a communication method, that the museum field can support their research and teaching and, that integrating objects and research are complementary methods for wider exploration of ideas.
School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists' Adherence to Practice Guidelines for Assessment of English Learners.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to ascertain the extent to which school-based speech-language pathologists' (SLPs) assessment practices with individual English learners (ELs) align with feder...
Analysis of Full-Field Response from a Multi-Shaker Test

Multi-shaker testing is used to represent the response of a structure to a complex operational load in a laboratory setting. One promising method of multi-shaker testing is Impedance Matched Multi-Axis Testing (IMMAT). IMMAT targets responses at discrete measurement points to control the multiple shaker input excitations, resulting in a laboratory response representative of the expected operational response at the controlled measurement points. However, the relationship between full-field operational responses and the full-field IMMAT response has not been thoroughly explored. Poorly chosen excitation positions may match operational responses at the control points, but over or under excite uncontrolled regions of the structure. Additionally, the effectiveness of the IMMAT method on the whole test structure could depend on the type of operational excitation. Spatially distributed excitations, such as acoustic loading, may be difficult to reproduce over the whole test structure in a lab setting using the point force IMMAT excitations. This work will simulate operational and IMMAT responses of a lab-scale structure to analyze the accuracy of IMMAT at uncontrolled regions of the structure. Determination of the effect of control locations and operational locations on the IMMAT method will lead to better test design and improved predictive capabilities.
Intrusion errors and progression of cognitive deficits in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and PreMCI states

Introduction: Among persons with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), intrusion errors on subscales that measure proactive semantic interference (PSI) may be among the earliest behavioral markers of elevated Alzheimer’s disease brain pathology. While there has been considerable cross-sectional work in the area, it is presently unknown whether semantic intrusion errors are predictive of progression of cognitive impairment in aMCI or PreMCI (not cognitively normal but not meeting full criteria for MCI). Methods: This study examined the extent to which the percentage of semantic intrusion errors (PIE) based on total responses on a novel cognitive stress test, the Loewenstein-Acevedo Scales for Semantic Interference and Learning (LASSI-L), could predict clinical/cognitive outcomes over an average 26-month period in older adults initially diagnosed with aMCI, PreMCI, and normal cognition. Results: On the LASSI-L subscale sensitive to PSI, a PIE cut point of 44% intrusion errors distinguished between those at-risk individuals with PreMCI who progressed to MCI over time compared to individuals with PreMCI who reverted to normal on longitudinal follow-up. Importantly, PIE was able to accurately predict 83.3% of aMCI individuals who later progressed to dementia. Discussion: These preliminary findings indicate that PIE on LASSI-L subscales that measure PSI may be a useful predictor of clinical progression overtime in at-risk older adults.
Effect of powder morphology on the microstructure and mechanical property gradients in stainless steels induced by thermal gradients in spark plasma sintering

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) utilizes joule heating to achieve rapid heating to densify a powder compact. Thermal gradients during SPS lead to microstructural and property gradients in the sintered parts. To elucidate the effect of starting powder morphology on these gradients, the present work investigated location-specific microstructure and mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steels fabricated via SPS of unsymmetrical powder compacts by paring three types of powders: spherical, plate-like and flakey. Local mechanical properties as a function of radial distance from the center of the sample were investigated via microhardness tests, nanoindentation, and nanoscratch. Radially graded microstructure (porosity and grain size) resulting from the thermal gradients in SPS led to gradients in local microhardness (ΔH = 120–150 MPa) and Young’s modulus (ΔE = 30–65 GPa), yielding higher wear resistance at the sample surface and higher elastic modulus at the sample center, suggesting that higher powder morphology aspect ratios lead to larger thermal gradients.
External and Internal Load Measures During Preseason Training in Men Collegiate Soccer Athletes.

ABSTRACT Fields, JB, Merigan, JM, Gallo, S, White, JB, and Jones, MT. External and internal load measures during preseason training in men collegiate soccer athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(9): 2572-2578, 2021-Collegiate athletes are exposed to high volume loads during preseason training. Monitoring training load can inform training and recovery periods. Therefore, the purpose was to examine changes in and bidirectional relationship between external and internal load metrics in men collegiate soccer athletes (n = 20; age, 20 ± 1 year). Internal load measures of heart rate variability (HRV), salivary testosterone (T) and cortisol (C), and self-assessment wellness and ratings of perceived exertion scales were collected daily. External load measures of total distance, player load, high-speed distance, high inertial movement analysis, and repeated high-intensity efforts were collected in each training session using global positioning system/global navigation satellite system technology. A 1-way analysis of variance determined weekly changes in external load, physiological, hormonal, and subjective self-assessment measures of internal load. Bidirectional prediction of external load markers and self-assessment measures on physiological and hormonal markers of internal load were assessed by hierarchical linear regression models (p < 0.05). External load measures, C, energy, sleep, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) decreased (p < 0.01), whereas T, T:C ratio, anger, depression, and vigor increased (p < 0.01) from week 1 to week 2. Morning C positively predicted afternoon external load and post-training RPE (p < 0.05); T:C ratio negatively predicted afternoon external load and post-training RPE (p < 0.05); and morning HRV negatively predicted post-training RPE (p = 0.031). Despite reduced hormonal stress and external load across weeks, negative perceptions of fatigue increased, suggesting fatigue patterns may have a delayed response. Load may have a more belated, chronic effect on perceptions of fatigue, whereas hormonal changes may be more immediate and sensitive to change. Practitioners may wish to use a variety of external and internal load measures to understand athletes' stress responses to training.
Coarse decomposition of II1 factors

We prove that any separable II1 factor M admits a coarse decomposition over the hyperfinite II1 factor R—that is, there exists an embedding R↪M such that L2M⊖L2R is a multiple of the coarse Hilbert R-bimodule L2R⊗‾L2Rop. Equivalently, the von Neumann algebra generated by left and right multiplication by R on L2M⊖L2R is isomorphic to R⊗‾Rop. Moreover, if Q⊂M is an infinite-index irreducible subfactor, then R↪M can be constructed to be coarse with respect to Q as well. This implies the existence of maximal abelian ∗-subalgebras that are mixing, strongly malnormal, and with infinite multiplicity, in any given separable II1 factor.
HVAC energy savings, thermal comfort and air quality for occupant-centric control through a side-by-side experimental study

Abstract Building sensing technologies have evolved rapidly in the last two decades in aid of monitoring building environment and energy system performance. A series of occupancy sensing systems were developed to track the occupant behavior in the indoor space. Occupancy-based building system control is defined as a control method that adjusts the building system operation schedules and setpoints based on the measured occupant behavior and has been identified as a smart building control strategy that can improve building energy efficiency as well as occupant comfort. Some studies demonstrated energy-saving potential and comfort-maintaining capability from occupancy-based control. This study adopted a first-of-its-kind side-by-side experimental approach to quantify the performance of the occupancy-based control in commercial buildings. Three state-of-the-art occupancy sensing technologies were integrated into the real-time Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) system control in this study. Their detection accuracy and its effectiveness on energy-saving and thermal comfort were analyzed. It was found that the occupancy-based control can maintain good thermal comfort and perceived indoor air quality with a satisfaction ratio greater than 80%. Although the daily energy-saving varied with occupancy sensor accuracy and outdoor environment conditions, the weekly averaged energy saving was between 17 and 24%.
Network Meta-analysis on the Changes of Amyloid Precursor Protein Expression Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

SARS-CoV-2 infection begins with the attachment of its spike (S) protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) followed by complex host immune responses with cardiovascular and neurological implications. Our meta-analyses used QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and Knowledge Base (QKB) to investigate how the expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) was modulated by attachment of SARS-CoV-2 S protein in the brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) and during COVID-19 in progress. Published 80 host response genes reported to be modulated in BMVECs following SARS-CoV-2 S protein binding were used to identify key canonical pathways and intermediate molecules mediating the regulation of APP production following the attachment of S protein to endothelial cells. This revealed that the attachment of SARS-CoV-2 S protein may inhibit APP expression in the BMVECs. Our results shed light on the molecular mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 infection may potentiate the incidence of stroke by inhibiting the production of APP in the BMVECs. We also analyzed molecules associated with COVID-19, which revealed six upstream regulators, TNF, IFNG, STAT1, IL1s, IL6, and STAT3. The upstream regulators mediate the increased production of APP via intermediators, with eleven regulated by all six upstream regulators. These COVID-19 upstream regulators increased APP expression with a statistically significant Z-score of 3.705 (p value = 0.000211). These findings have revealed molecular mechanisms by which COVID-19 disease may lead to long-term neurological manifestations resulting from the elevated APP expression in line with immune response in the host. Altogether, our study revealed two distinct scenarios which may have differential impact on APP expression.
Language Ideologies Mediating Literacy and Identity in Bilingual Contexts

This article presents a qualitative case study of a sevenyear-old Mexican American student and his family. Using Critical Discourse Analysis, we examine both the child’s emergent ideas about language, as expressed in bilingual literature discussions, and his parents’ ideological discourses about the use of a minority language in public schools. Vygotsky’s theory of learning oriented this research on language ideologies, focusing on how parents’ ideological discourses shape both literacy development and identity formation in early childhood. Our findings illustrate the importance of looking beyond the classroom and school contexts to identify diverse factors that may affect children’s development of biliteracy in early childhood, such as the role of language ideologies. This study demonstrates the complex relationships between literacy, language ideologies, and issues of identity within the broader contexts of controversies over bilingual education and official English laws in the USA.
Operational Amplifiers I

Essentially, an amplifier is a circuit that for some inputs delivers more power to a load than is received from an input. Amplification is achieved by using a small current or voltage (an input) to control a larger current or voltage provided by a power supply and delivered to a load, as illustrated by Fig. 7.1. For example, in a home audio amplifier, the voltage from a CD player (the source) controls the power delivered to the loudspeaker (the load). Nearly all of the power delivered to the speaker terminals is provided by the amplifier’s power supply, which draws its power from a wall outlet.
Providing policy-neutral and transparent access control in extensible systems

Extensible systems, such as Java or the SPIN extensible operating system, allow for units of code, or extensions, to be added to a running system in almost arbitrary fashion. Extensions closely interact through low-latency, but type-safe interfaces to form a tightly integrated system. As extensions can come from arbitrary sources, not all of whom can be trusted to conform to an organization's security policy, such structuring raises the question of how security constraints are enforced in an extensible system. In this paper, we present an access control mechanism for extensible systems to address this problem. Our access control mechanism decomposes access control into a policy-neutral enforcement manager and a security policy manager, and it is transparent to extensions in the absence of security violations. It structures the system into protection domains, enforces protection domains through access control checks, and performs auditing of system operations. The access control mechanism works by inspecting extensions for their types and operations to determine which abstractions require protection, and by redirecting procedure or method invocations to inject access control operations into the system. We describe the design of this access control mechanism, present an implementation within the SPIN extensible operating system, and provide a qualitative as well as quantitative evaluation of the mechanism
Diagnostic evaluation of metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma in effusion specimens.

Sarcomas, including rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), are rarely encountered in effusion specimens; therefore, difficulties in the accurate diagnosis of metastatic sarcomas in effusions can occasionally arise. Immunohistochemistry for myogenin has emerged as a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of RMS, especially in small biopsy specimens. To date, there are no published series describing the utility of immunocytochemistry for myogenin in the diagnosis of RMS in effusion specimens. A total of 15 patients, for whom metastatic sarcomas were diagnosed in effusion specimens between 1998 and 2012, were identified for analysis: alveolar RMS (n = 5); embryonal RMS (n = 1); pleomorphic RMS (n = 1); angiosarcoma (n = 1); Ewing's sarcoma (n = 2); osteosarcoma (n = 1); endometrial stromal sarcoma (n = 1); unclassified spindle cell sarcoma (n = 1); unclassified/undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (n = 1); and leiomyosarcoma (n = 1). Immunocytochemistry for myogenin was performed for each of these cases as well as for 102 effusions that were positive for metastatic carcinoma. Immunocytochemistry for myogenin diffusely and strongly highlighted the nuclei of the tumor cells in six (86%) of seven cases of metastatic RMS; specifically, the five alveolar RMS and one embryonal RMS cases. The one case of pleomorphic RMS, the eight remaining metastatic sarcoma cases, and all 102 cases of metastatic carcinoma were completely negative for myogenin expression. In conclusion, immunocytochemistry for myogenin is a sensitive and specific ancillary adjunct in the diagnostic evaluation of metastatic RMS in effusion specimens.
Do pregnant women with depression have a pro-inflammatory profile?

Aim: We tested the hypothesis that maternal depression is associated with a pro-inflammatory state in pregnancy. Material and Methods: In this nested case‐control study, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were compared between women with depression in pregnancy (n = 100) and a computer-generated referent group of healthy women known not to be depressed (n = 100). We only included cases with a documented Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders depression diagnosis in the current pregnancy. Serum samples drawn at 11‐14 weeks of gestation were analyzed for levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 using high-sensitivity immunoassays. Results: Maternal demographics were similar between the groups except for older age (34.1 vs 32.7 years, P = .05), and lower body mass index (27.3 vs 28.9 kg/m 2 , P = 0.03) among the depressed subjects. Compared to control women, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (5.8 3.4 vs 3.2 2.8 pg/ml, P < 0.0001) and interleukin-6 (2.4 3.8 vs 1.5 1.4 pg/ml, P = 0.03) levels were higher among women with depression. The higher rate of inflammatory cytokines remained significant after controlling for potential confounders, including maternal age and body mass index. Conclusion: Women with depression may have higher levels of inflammatory markers in early pregnancy. Our findings support the hypothesis that inflammation may be a mediator in the association between maternal depression and adverse perinatal outcomes.
What dental educators need to understand about emerging technologies to incorporate them effectively into the educational process.

Many dental schools are currently struggling with the adoption of emerging technologies and the incorporation of these technologies into the educational process. Dental students exhibit an increasing degree of digital comfort when using social networking, mobile devices, search engines, or e-textbooks. Although the majority of students might consider themselves to be very skilled at using information technology, many faculty members would claim the opposite when evaluating their own knowledge and skills in the use of technology. As the use of technology, both formally and informally, continues to increase, dental educators are faced with many questions, such as: Does students’ digital comfort disguise a lack of information literacy? What is the appropriate path of implementing technology into teaching and learning, and how can institutions support such an implementation? This article surveys a series of myths that exist about the use of technology in education and raises questions about their validity and how dental educators can avoid being misled by them.
Possible Large Right-Lateral Displacement Along Fault and Shear Zones in the Death Valley-Las Vegas Area, California and Nevada

Upper Precambrian and Lower Cambrian formations in the southern Great Basin show abrupt changes in facies and thickness along the Death Valley and Furnace Creek fault zones and the Las Vegas shear zone. The coincidence of these changes with the fault zones suggests that the formations have been displaced by strike-slip movement on the faults. The offset is in the right-lateral sense and appears to be about 50 miles across the Death Valley-Furnace Creek fault complex and about 30 miles on the Las Vegas shear zone. Some of this lateral movement is taken up by large-scale bending adjacent to the fault and shear zones, and the zones may die out to the northwest into gigantic structural bends.
Effects of degree of water saturation on dispersivity and immobile water in sandy soil columns

Abstract Three natural nonaggregated soil samples, with similar grain-size distributions, have been used to determine the dispersive behavior of porous media under steady, saturated and unsaturated flow conditions. Tritium was used as a tracer and was found to have no sorption on the solid matrix. Generated breakthrough curves (BTCs) for the unsaturated experiments were symmetrical with no evidence of tailing. The unsaturated experiments for two of the soils were adequately described by considering all the water in the pore volume as mobile. However, about 10% of the pore water, independent of the degree of saturation, was found to be immobile in the case of the third soil during unsaturated flow. For this soil, there was no mass transfer between the two water regions, indicating that the immobile water is essentially isolated from the flowing water fraction. For all three soils, dispersivity under unsaturated conditions was found to be higher, independent of the degree of water saturation, than the value determined for the saturated experiments. This is inconsistent with what would be expected from the simple bundle-of-capillary-tubes model and does not agree well with a more sophisticated conceptualization of the porous medium. The data, however, clearly indicate a wider range in pore-water velocities when these soils are desaturated.
UNITARY PHENOMENOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF THREE-PARTICLE SYSTEMS.

A general unitary phenomenological description of strongly interacting three-particle systems is developed in terms of two-particle phase shifts and binding energies, two-particle wave functions inside the range of forces, and the three-body wave function in the region where all three force ranges overlap. The two-particle external and internal parameters are unambiguously separated from each other and the same parameters can be determined from many different experiments, while the three-body parameters refer to a specific system at a specific energy.
American Society for Engineering Education - Educating Tomorrow’ s Engineers

In this paper, activities of the American Society for Engineering Education towards transformation of Engineering education in the United States and the world are presented. Tomorrow’ s engineers must have skills that go beyond technical know how. They must be equipped with the knowledge and attitude to reduce vulnerability to human and natural threats, energy, environment, and urban infrastructure. They need to be able to function globally and work with professionals in other fields of sciences to create innovations in medicine and healthcare. The paper begins with some background information on the American Society for Engineering Education and continues with a description of several specific activities aimed at transforming engineering education.
Application of load-dependent Ritz vectors to probabilistic damage detection

This paper demonstrates the possibility of incorporating load- dependent Ritz vectors, as an alternative to modal parameters, into a Bayesian probabilistic framework for detecting damages in a structure. Recent research has shown that it is possible to extract load-dependent Ritz vectors from vibration tests. This paper shows that load-dependent Ritz vectors have the following potential advantages for damage detection over modal vectors: (1) In general, load-dependent Ritz vectors are more sensitive to damage than the corresponding modal vectors, and (2) substructures of interest can be made more observable using the load-dependent Ritz vectors generated from particular load patterns. An eight-bay truss structure and a five-story frame example are presented to illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Instrumentation For Measurements Of Solar Irradiance And Atmospheric Optical Properties

The Active Cavity Radiometer (ACR), an accurate absolute pyrheliometer, has been developed for measurements of total solar irradiance. It has been used to discover a -2.2% error in the International Pyrheliometric Scale and to make measurements in balloon flight experiments yielding a solar constant value of 136.6 (+ or - 0.7) mW/sq cm. New ACRs are being developed to monitor the total output of solar optical radiation in balloon, satellite and space shuttle experiments with long-term absolute uncertainty of + or - 0.1% or less. In a separate program, instrumentation for the measurement of the scattering and extinction of solar radiation by the atmosphere is being constructed to provide data for modeling atmospheric aerosol content. The aerosol models will facilitate computation of radiative transfer effects yielding quantitative net fluxes useful in evaluating the climatological impact of aerosols.
International auditing and managing exports

O'Regan, David. 2003. International Auditing, Practical Resource Guide (New York: John Wiley & Sons). Reynolds, Frank. 2003. Managing Exports: Navigating the Complex Rules, Controls, Barriers, and Laws (New York: John Wiley & Sons).
Sustained and constitutive high levels of protein production in continuous cultures of bacillus subtilis

The feasibility of continuous production of proteins in chemostat cultures of Bacillus subtilis was investigated. An expression system consisting of the bacterium B. subtilis BR151 carrying plasmid p602/19 was used. The plasmid contains the cat (chioramphenicol acetyltrans-ferase) gene downstream of a strong vegetative T5 promoter. It was found that, at a dilution rate of 0.2 h(-1) production of relatively high levels of CAT protein (about 4% ofcellular protein) can be sustained. But, experiments at a higher dilution rate of 0.4 h(-1) were unproductive because of high acidformation and washout. Combination of low cell yield, which results from excessive acid formation, and low dilution rate led to a low volumetric CAT productivity. Our recent work with the nonrecombinant cells, has demonstrated that uptake of small amounts of citrate significantly reduces or entirelyeliminates the acid formation. This superior performance in the presence ofcitrate was hypothesized, based on strong experimental evidence, to be the result of a reduction in glycolysis flux through a sequence of events leading to a reduction in pyruvate kinase and phosphof- ructokinase activities, the regulatory enzymes of glycol-ysis. In this study, it is demonstrated that cofeeding of glucose and citrate substantially reduces theorganic acid formation and significantly increases the recombinant culture productivity. The combination of high specific CAT activity and cell density resulted in a total of six- to tenfold higher culture productivitywhen citrate and glucose were cometabolized than when glucose was the only carbon source. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Electron-phonon interactions in high-temperature oxide superconductors: Isotope effects and elasticity studies

Abstract The substitution of different oxygen isotopes into the high-T c oxide superconductors La 1.85 Sr 0.15 CuO 4 and YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 is investigated by transport and magnetic measurements. For both materials, replacement of 16 O with 18 O depresses T c slightly. The observed shifts are much smaller than those expected from conventional electron-phonon pairing superconductivity. We also explore the elastic properties of La-, Y-, and Bi-based high-T c superconductors, including single crystals. Only La 1.85 Sr 0.15 CuO 4 shows a dramatic soft phonon mode above T c .
Sleep technologist performance: a call for standardization and performance feedback.

In their article in Sleep and Breathing, Surani and colleagues describe a sleep laboratory questionnaire implemented as a quality assurance instrument to provide standardized feedback to the sleep lab technologist. The authors accurately identify the lack of recognized standardized mechanisms to provide feedback to the sleep technologist with the goal of improving upon the quality of care being provided in the sleep laboratory setting. This is an area of importance, in particular, given the burgeoning growth in the number of sleep centers and therefore attendant sleep studies being performed. There are currently no standardized means of assessing the technologist-related performance of sleep study data acquisition that has been put forth by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. By the same token, global technologist performance quality measures are not formally incorporated or mandated in the sleep laboratory accreditation process.
Intravenous thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) enhances the excitatory actions of acetylcholine (ACh) on rat cortical neurons.

I. v. administered TRH (1.25-10 mg/kg) enhanced the excitatory actions of iontophoretically applied ACh on spontaneously active cerebral cortical neurons of pentobarbital-anaesthetized rats. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis of a cholinergic-link in the anti-anaesthetic actions of exogenously administered TRH.
Marginal bands in blood cells of invertebrates.

Marginal bands (MBs) constructed of microtubules have been observed classically in nonmammalian vertebrate erythrocytes and in mammalian blood platelets. Examination of invertebrate blood cells shows that the MB system has a much wider phylogenetic distribution than previously suspected. MBs are present in erythrocytes of the marine Sipunculan worm Golfingia gouldii and in amebocytes (clotting cells) of the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus. The cell types and species in which MBs occur are considered in relation to MB function.
The observation of grain structure in evaporated aluminum films by electropolishing and chemical etching

Abstract A new electropolishing and chemical etching technique has been developed for revealing the very small grains, a few microns in size, in thin (1 to 2 μ thick) evaporated high-purity aluminum films. The resulting microstructure was examined by optical, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Direct comparison of transmission and scanning electron micrographs obtained from the same area has unequivocally established that grain structure is revealed by the chemical etchant developed in the present investigation. The effect of etching for grains in thin films was to provide differential surface reliefs of the adjacent grains similar to that in bulk high-purity aluminum. This technique can be extended to other metallic films. In conjunction with optical microscopy, this fast and simple technique can be employed in characterization of numerous evaporated aluminum films used in integrated circuits. The limit of the technique appears to be the grain-size range comparable to the resolution limit of the optical microscope.
Night terrors: A clinical and empirical review

Abstract Night terrors are intense and striking clinical phenonema. Because of the dramatic nature of this disorder and its widespread confusion with nightmares, a comprehensive overview of the empirical literature reflecting the characteristics, etiology, and treatment of night terrors is presented. Data gathered from recent sleep laboratory investigations and clinical findings are integrated to highlight the unique clinical presentation and course of this disorder. It appears that night terrors are a nighttime disorder of arousal in persons that are predisposed genetically. Treatment should be based on comprehensive assessment of the disorder and most likely be related to the reduction of stress.
Partial Purification and Characterization of Chicken and Rat Follicle Stimulating Hormone-Releasing Factors

Chicken and rat follicle stimulating hormone-releasing factors (FRF) were partially purified and their behavior on chromatographic columns was compared. Extracts of hypothalami were purified by ultrafiltration and chromatography on Sephadex G-25 and CM-Sephadex C-25. Columns were monitored by optical density (254 mμ) and vasopressor assay. FRF activity was evaluated by release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from rat adenohypophyses in vitro, and FSH was assayed by radioimmunoassay. The elution patterns of rat and chicken FRF were not distinguishable on Sephadex (Rf 1.89–2.09), but were clearly different on the ion-exchange column. Chicken FRF repeatedly emerged at tubes 10–20. There was a significant linear relationship between the dose of avian FRF and the release of FSH. Rat FRF activity emerged primarily in tubes 31–40, although there was some in tubes 21–30. When rat and chicken FRF fractions from Sephadex were mixed and then run on CM-Sephadex, two distinct areas of activity emerged in tubes 1...
High-fidelity dummy fill printing with repair OPC

Dummy fill plays a crucial role on both controlling topography uniformity and ensuring device performance by manipulating homogenous pattern density. There are several types of fill to achieve this purpose on advanced technologies. The conventional way is to place them out of optical ambit range from main features as reference for Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) procedure, but it degrades the FILL performance due to leaving considerable empty space between FILL and main features. The aggressive way is to place FILL as close as main features to perfectly achieve uniform pattern density. However, in this way, it’s challenge to produce defect-free FILL in ORC (Optical Review Check) without applying model-based OPC on FILL which boost the OPC cycle time significantly. In this paper, we propose a novel approach by in-stage Repair OPC technique to not only accurately print aggressive placement FILL on the wafer accurately but also reduce the impact of run time cost on full chip OPC processing.
Integrated Facility Location and Vehicle Routing Models: Recent Work and Future Prospects

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACTFacility location and vehicle routing are two widely used and studied management science resource planning models. According to the 1986 Statistical Abstract of the United States, freight transportation outlays for local trucking totaled 80.9 billion dollars in 1983. Thus, location/routing decisions have considerable economic importance in domains such as distribution systems planning. Since location and routing decisions are closely related, integrated models that consider the two aspects simultaneously offer the promise of more effective and economical decisions. However, such integrated models are complex and their design poses challenges in combining the short-term operational considerations of vehicle routing with the medium/long-term strategic issues of facility location. This paper discusses recent research related to various modeling approaches for location/routing problems, including comprehensive mathematical programming formulations, analytical approximations, and modified faci...
On the capacity of multi-user two-way linear deterministic channels

In multi-user two-way channels nodes are both sources and destinations of messages. This allows for “adaptation” at or “interaction” between the nodes — the next channel inputs may be a function of the past received signals at a particular node. How to best adapt is key to two-way communication problems, rendering them complex and challenging. However, examples exist of channels where adaptation is not beneficial from a capacity perspective; it is known that for the point-to-point two-way modulo 2 adder and Gaussian channels, adaptation does not increase capacity. Recently, it was shown that the two-way modulo-2 additive versions of the multiple-access / broadcast (MAC/BC respectively, in the two directions), the Z channel and the interference channel also have capacity regions equal to two parallel one-way versions of the channels. In this work we show that the same is true for the linear deterministic multi-user two-way channels which approximate their Gaussian counterparts at high SNR, which include the two-way MAC/BC channel, the two-way Z channel, and the two-way interference channel under some adaptation constraints. For all three channel models we obtain the capacity region, which is that of two one-way channels in each direction, which may be achieved without the use of adaptation.
Response: Gestational age as a factor in neutrophil extracellular trap formation

We appreciate the opportunity to comment on the letter and observations by Marcos and coworkers, and we agree that the experiments that they report using neutrophils from 3 neonates confirm our findings at early time points of stimulation of neonatal neutrophils[1][1] and suggest an intrinsic delay
Average waiting time of customers in an M/D/k queue with nonpreemptive priorities

In this paper a priority M/D/k queue is analyzed. The arrival process of the queue is assumed to be Poisson and the service is assumed to be deterministic. Customers are served on a first-come-first-served basis. The queue uses nonpreemptive head-of-the-line priority discipline. An analytical expression for the mean waiting time of customers belonging to different priority classes is obtained. This is an approximate result that uses the heavy traffic assumption and the steady-state probability result for an M/D/k queue as applied to an M/D/k queue. Extensive numerical results are reported that illustrate the variation of the mean waiting time with the system parameters.
Low Incidence and Limited Effect of the Oyster Pathogen Dermo (Perkinsus marinus) on an Artificial Reef in Delaware's Inland Bays

Delaware's Inland Bays comprise a large estuarine system with a restricted access to the Atlantic Ocean (Indian River Inlet). As part of a local oyster stock enhancement and restoration effort, we conducted a survey for the protozoan pathogen Perkinsus marinus (Dermo) in oysters from a newly established reef. Using standardized methods for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the non-transcribed spacer (NTS) region, we were surprised to find no detectable titers of this pathogen in the 30 oysters sampled in the first year of the project. The detection threshold of the PCR coupled with chemiluminescent detection was 30 fg P. marinus NTS DNA. We were able to detect a trace presence of this pathogen in a few hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) from the same locale, indicating that a Perkinsus sp. was present in the Inland Bay system. Subsequent monitoring of the reef system using a fluid thioglycollate assay over 3 yr revealed no epizootic outbreaks of this pathogen within the planted oyster population. Two large mortality episodes that did appear in the oyster population were attributable to abiotic conditions and not pathogen exposure. This study emphasizes that all potential sources of mortality in the environment are important to consider when designing oyster seeding projects. In the Delaware Inland Bays, P. marinus does not appear to have a large enough oyster host population to become a significant disease threat at present. Because of the low parasite incidence levels in the Inland Bay system in 2000, the James Farm oyster reef restoration project presents an ideal model system to follow the population dynamics between an oyster-host population and a latent or reservoir pathogen population.
Simultaneous chromatography and electrophoresis: two-dimensional planar separations

Single-dimension separations are routinely coupled in series to achieve two-dimensional separations, yet little has been done to simultaneously exploit multiple dimensions during separation. In this work, simultaneous chromatography and electrophoresis is introduced and evaluated for its potential to achieve two-dimensional separations. In simultaneous chromatography and electrophoresis, chromatography occurs via capillary action while an orthogonal electric field concurrently promotes electrophoresis in a second dimension. A novel apparatus with a dual solvent reservoir was designed to apply the concurrent electric field. Various compounds were used to characterize the apparatus and technique, i.e., vitamins, amino acids, and dyes. Improved separation is reported with equivalent analysis times in comparison to planar chromatography alone. The feasibility of simultaneously employing chromatography and electrophoresis in two dimensions is discussed.
Mechanism of pyridyne formation from halopyridines

Abstract Rates of hydrogen-deuterium exchange of 3-chloro- and 3,5-dichloropyridine in MeOD-MeONa were studied. Deuterodeprotonation of 3-chloropyridine at 110·2° is 53 times faster at H-4 than at H-2. At 75° the value of the ortho chloro rate factor for exchange is 800; the para nitrogen rate factor is 3000. Interrupted dehydrohalogenation of 3-chloropyridine-2 or 4-d and 3-iodopyridine-4d in NH3NaNH2 to give 3,4-pyridyne results in no detectable loss of label at 2 in the chloropyridine but reduction and enrichment of 4-d in the chloro and iodo compounds, respectively. Results are interpreted in terms of the reactions of halopyridyl anions.
The determination of local cell membrane diffusion coefficients

Abstract Solutions applicable to the measurement of cell membrane diffusion coefficients are derived using an approximate integral method.
Detection and localization of objects in time-varying imagery using attention, representation and memory pyramids

This paper describes a novel approach in target recognition, using active and selective perception and perceptual learning in the analysis of time-varying imagery. Attention mechanisms are implemented through the use of three linked functional pyramids corresponding to image representation, memory, and attention. Multiresolution search, supported by saccade and zoom-lens control, allows a system's focus of attention to roam inside an image pyramid under the guidance of an attention pyramid and analyse a field-of-view at any available resolution. Simulations showed this approach reducing the volume of data to be processed and performing robustly as characterized by the absence of false negatives and the presence of very few false positives.
What time is it? Half–past three: How to calculate eschatological time

AbstractArguments for and against a pre–, mid–, or post–tribulational rapture presuppose a final period of world history, normally seven years, when the world will experience an unparalleled ‘time of anguish.’ Contrary to the characteristic debates that focus on the timing of the rapture, this article interrogates the fundamental theory of a seven-year tribulation. It begins with a sketch of the Dispensational reading of Daniel's vision of seventy weeks vis-a-vis other scholarly interpretations of the passage. After this comparison an alternative theory of eschatological time is proposed–informed by how the New Testament writers understood the concept of the last days. Special attention is given to the representation of eschatological time in the Book of Revelation and its use of Daniel's references to a time of three–and–a–half years.