cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some kinetic aspects of the oxidation of graphite and platinum graphimet

Abstract The catalytic effect of platinum on the oxidation of graphite has been examined for 1 wt% Pt-graphimet with the use of temperature programmed desorption technique. Analyses of results show that the addition of platinum particles enhances the overall rate of carbon oxides evolution by increasing the active surface area, with little or no change in the apparent activation energy of desorption. This is attributed to the scission of carbon-carbon bonds by platinum. Results of the mathematical modelling based on controlled atmosphere electron microscopy studies by Baker and his co-workers seem to suggest the existence of a viscous oxide layer and surface diffusion on the metal surface and a possibility that both electron and oxygen transfer mechanisms are operating in the carbon-oxygen reactions catalysed by platinum group metals.
Lunar base thermal control systems using heat pumps

Abstract There is considerable interest at the present time to design a thermal control system (TCS) for a lunar base. Conventional techniques cannot be used for the purpose due to the lack of a readily available temperature sink during most of the lunar day. The lunar surface near the equatorial regions reaches a maximum of about 390 K during the 336-h lunar day. The projected range of temperatures for operation of sensors and conditioned habitat spaces is 270–293 K. A heat pump augmented TCS can be used to increase the operating temperature of the radiator, thereby enabling heat rejection. Rankine, absorption, and reverse Brayton cycle heat pumps with various working fluids are examined to identify the optimal cycle and working fluid combination. A base-line cooling load of 100 kW to be rejected at 270 K is used in the analysis. A Rankine cycle heat pump operating with R11 as the working fluid and R717 as a rejection loop coolant provides an optimal total TCS mass of 5940 kg at a radiator temperature of 362 K.
The use of language structure by demented patients in a visual search task.

Abstract Recent findings suggest that some components of semantic memory are spared by Alzheimer's disease. The present study used a visual-search task to determine whether knowledge of the sequential letter dependencies present in spelling remains intact in demented patients. The speed with which twenty Alzheimer patients, twenty young and twenty old controls searched an array of letters for a target was measured. Arrays varied in how closely they approximated English-spelling patterns (zero-order, third-order approximations and actual words). Despite differing in their overall speed of response, normal and demented subjects were affected equally by the approximation to English of the stimuli (i.e., both searched words faster than low-order approximations). Thus, knowledge of the probability patterns of spelling appears to remain intact and accessible in the semantic memory of demented patients.
Revisiting distinctive processes in memory.

In three experiments, we examined the relationship between orthographic and phonological distinctiveness and incidental recall. In each experiment, participants were given a surprise free recall test after they read words aloud as quickly and accurately as possible. The pattern of results replicated those reported in Cortese, Watson, Wang, and Fugett (2004) for intentional and explicit free recall and recognition memory tasks in which items were read silently. Specifically, we found that phonological-to-orthographic neighborhood size influenced recall performance, whereas orthographic-to-phonological consistency and phonological-to-orthographic consistency did not. Also, we failed to replicate the orthographic-tophonological consistency effect reported by Hirshman and Jackson (1997), and argue that their results were due to a confounding of consistency with phonological neighborhood size. Our results suggest that the processing of words sharing both orthography and phonology with a large number of words produces interference that reduces one’s ability to remember them.
A Model of Human Occupation, Part 1. Conceptual Framework and Content

This paper, the first of four, presents the structure and content of a model of occupation. The model is proposed as the first step in the development of paradigm of occupation for the field of occupational therapy and is designed for application in practice and research. It draws upon the theory of open systems to build a structural framework. Concepts relevant to human occupation are integrated into this framework. Subsequent papers will add concepts to the model and demonstrate its application in clinical practice.
A connection between weighted voting systems and apportionment: a topic for liberal arts mathematics classes

ABSTRACT This note presents an example showing the relevance of apportionment to weighted voting systems. The example is appropriate for class presentations or student projects. Also, some of the basic notions of apportionment are presented in a way different from that of standard textbooks. This approach may be useful as a supplement to the more typical treatment.
The effects of environmental manipulation on the morphology of the neonate rat brain.

The intent of the present research endeavor was to determine the effect of differential environment on some morphological aspects of the immature rat brain. All litters of Long-Evans rats were reduced to three male pups per mother at birth. At six days of age three groups were formed: 1. One mother with her three pups remained in the standard colony cage (Unifamily Environment, UFE). 2. Three mothers with three pups each were placed together in a single large cage (Multifamily Environment, MFE). 3. Three mothers with three pups each were placed together in a single large cage with exploratory apparatus (Enriched Condition-Multifamily Environment, EC-MFE). The UFE vs. EC-MFE cohort was divided into three age groups to be sacrificed at 14,19, and 28 days of age. Cortical depth and neuronal nuclei from Nissl-stained histological preparations were measured in the somatosensory and occipital cortices. Neuronal measurements were also made in the lateral geniculate nucleus. A modified ‘hit’ method was employed t...
The Effectiveness of Written Recasts in the Second Language Acquisition of Aspectual Distinctions in French: A Follow-Up Study

This follow-up study on the acquisition of the aspectual distinction between the passe compose (PC) and the imparfait (IMP) investigates the differential outcomes of the results presented in an earlier study, Ayoun (2001), by pursuing two lines of research: the effectiveness of written recasts versus models and traditional grammar instruction, and the development of temporality in the interlanguage of French college students as second language learners (i.e., the Aspect Hypothesis). The earlier study found that all learners improved in their use of the PC but not the IMP. The R(recast)-group out-performed the M(model)-group and the G(grammar)-group, with a significant difference over the latter but not the former, which supported the hypothesis that recasts are the most effective form of treatment. The qualitative results of the present study weaken this finding because it was more difficult to distinguish among the three different treatments: (a) The G-group outperformed the R- and M-groups in accuracy and frequency in the PC; (b) all three groups decreased in their accuracy and frequency in the IMP but the G-group outperformed the other two groups; (c) the three groups were practically identical in the production of various predicate types in the PC and IMP on the pre- and posttests; and (d) overall, it was the G-group's performance that showed a greater aspectual use of predicate frequency and type in the IMP. These new results partially support a prediction of the Aspect Hypothesis, according to which the use of past tense morphology is influenced by lexical class, but they offer only tentative support for the Imparfait Spreading hypothesis. A few preliminary suggestions regarding pedagogical applications are offered.
Nucleation and Growth of Noble Metals on Oxide Surfaces Using Atomic Layer Deposition

Abstract : Noble metals supported on metal oxide surfaces have broad applications in catalysis, microelectronics and sensing. In most applications it is critical to control the dispersion and morphology of the noble metals to achieve either a smooth, continuous film or isolated particles of controlled size. Here we examine the atomic layer deposition of Pd and Pt films onto a variety of metal oxide surfaces including Al2O3, ZrO2, and TiO2. In situ quartz crystal microbalance measurements and quadrupole mass spectrometry are used to explore the nucleation and growth of the Pd and Pt on the different metal oxide surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to examine the morphology and surface state of the resulting Pt and Pd coatings. By varying the support material and the deposition conditions, we can control the morphology of the ALD noble metal coatings to yield agglomerated particles or continuous films.
The President’s Role in Partnering with Parents

Because the impact of parental involvement extends beyond student affairs, a consistent message regarding the role of families on the campus must emanate from senior leadership and apply to all areas of administration.
Δ4-3-Ketosteroid 5α-Reductase in the Adult Human Testis

Testicular tissue from 6 patients (ages 24–84 yr) was incubated with 14C-testosterone (17β-hydroxy-4-androsten-3-one), and the conversion to 5α-dihydrotestosterone (17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one) was measured. All testicular samples showed a small but consistent conversion to 5α-dihydrotestosterone. This study demonstrates the presence of the Δ4-3-ketosteroid 5α-reductase enzyme in the adult human testis.
A new class of multi‐bandgap high‐efficiency photovoltaics enabled by broadband diffractive optics

A semiconductor absorber with a single bandgap is unable to convert broadband sunlight into electricity efficiently. Photons with energy lower than the bandgap are not absorbed, whereas those with energy far higher than the bandgap lose energy via thermalization. In this Article, we demonstrate an approach to mitigate these losses via a thin, efficient broadband diffractive micro-structured optic that not only spectrally separates incident light but also concentrates it onto multiple laterally separated single-junction semiconductor absorbers. A fully integrated optoelectronic device model was applied in conjunction with a nonlinear optimization algorithm to design the optic. An experimental demonstration is presented for a dual-bandgap design using GaInP and GaAs solar cells, where a 20% increase in the total electric power is measured compared with the same cells without the diffractive optic. Finally, we demonstrate that this framework of broadband diffractive optics allows us to independently design for the number of spectral bands and geometric concentration, thereby enabling a new class of multi-bandgap photovoltaic devices with ultra-high energy conversion efficiencies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of pressure profiles of massive relaxed galaxy clusters using the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich and x-ray data

We present the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (SZ) effect observations of a sample of 25 massive relaxed galaxy clusters observed with the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich array (SZA), an eight-element interferometer that is part of the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA). We performed an analysis of new SZA data and archival Chandra observations of this sample to investigate the integrated pressure—a proxy for cluster mass—determined from x-ray and SZ observations, two independent probes of the intra-cluster medium (ICM). This analysis makes use of a model for the ICM introduced by Bulbul (2010 Astrophys. J. 720 1038) which can be applied simultaneously to the SZ and x-ray data. With this model, we estimated the pressure profile for each cluster using a joint analysis of the SZ and x-ray data, and using the SZ data alone. We found that the integrated pressures measured from the x-ray and SZ data are consistent. This conclusion is in agreement with recent results obtained using WMAP and Planck data, confirming that SZ and x-ray observations of massive clusters detect the same amount of thermal pressure from the ICM. To test for possible biases introduced by our choice of model, we also fitted the SZ data using the universal pressure profile proposed by Arnaud (2010 Astron. Astrophys. 517 A92) and found consistency between the two models out to r_(500) in the pressure profiles and integrated pressures.
Organic-matter loading determines regime shifts and alternative states in an aquatic ecosystem

Slow changes in underlying state variables can lead to “tipping points,” rapid transitions between alternative states (“regime shifts”) in a wide range of complex systems. Tipping points and regime shifts routinely are documented retrospectively in long time series of observational data. Experimental induction of tipping points and regime shifts is rare, but could lead to new methods for detecting impending tipping points and forestalling regime shifts. By using controlled additions of detrital organic matter (dried, ground arthropod prey), we experimentally induced a shift from aerobic to anaerobic states in a miniature aquatic ecosystem: the self-contained pools that form in leaves of the carnivorous northern pitcher plant, Sarracenia purpurea. In unfed controls, the concentration of dissolved oxygen ([O2]) in all replicates exhibited regular diurnal cycles associated with daytime photosynthesis and nocturnal plant respiration. In low prey-addition treatments, the regular diurnal cycles of [O2] were disrupted, but a regime shift was not detected. In high prey-addition treatments, the variance of the [O2] time series increased until the system tipped from an aerobic to an anaerobic state. In these treatments, replicate [O2] time series predictably crossed a tipping point at ∼45 h as [O2] was decoupled from diurnal cycles of photosynthesis and respiration. Increasing organic-matter loading led to predictable changes in [O2] dynamics, with high loading consistently driving the system past a well-defined tipping point. The Sarracenia microecosystem functions as a tractable experimental system in which to explore the forecasting and management of tipping points and alternative regimes.
Real time stochastic scheduling in broadcast systems with decentralized data storage

Data broadcasting is an efficient method to disseminate information to a large group of requesters with common interests. Performing such broadcasts typically involve the determination of a broadcast schedule intended to maximize the quality of service provided by the broadcast system. Earlier studies have proposed solutions to this problem in the form of heuristics and local search techniques designed to achieve minimal deadline misses or maximal utility. An often ignored factor in these studies is the possibility of the data items being not available locally, but rather have to be fetched from data servers distributed over a network, thereby inducing a certain level of stochasticity in the actual time required to serve a data item. This stochasticity is introduced on behalf of the data servers which themselves undergo a dynamic management of serving data requests. In this paper we revisit the problem of real time data broadcasting under such a scenario. We investigate the efficiency of heuristics that embed the stochastic nature of the problem in their design and compare their performance with those proposed for non-stochastic broadcast scheduling. Further, we extend our analysis to understand the various factors in the problem structure that influence these heuristics, and are often exploited by a better performing one.
Six/Second Spike and Wave Complexes, the Rhythmic Mid-Temporal Discharges and the Wicket Spikes

As with other controversial EEG patterns the 6/s Spike and Wave pattern (6/s SpW) has two names. The other name here is the Phantom Waves, which also denotes that the author(s) do not believe it has clinical significance. This pattern has also been referred to as “miniature spike and wave” as in general the entire wave complex looks like a miniature reproduction of the 3/s spike and wave discharges which are the EEG correlates of petit mal epilepsy.
Explosively Driven Fragmentation Experiments for Continuum Damage Modeling

The explosively loaded right-circular tube geometry is used as the basis for dynamic fracture and fragmentation modeling. Details of the cylinder configuration are investigated to prescribe controlled loading conditions of uniaxial stress and plane strain. Earlier works by Goto [2008, “Investigation of the Fracture and Fragmentation of Explosively Driven Rings and Cylinders,” Int. J. Impact Eng. 35 (12), pp. 1547–1556] had used thin-walled tubes to provide plane strain loading and shorter “rings” to establish uniaxial stress conditions. This paper extends on that work to look at alternative cylinder dimensions and metals of interest. A tungsten alloy, Aero-224, and a high strength steel, Eglin Steel (ES-1), are the subject metals. Transient continuum-mechanics simulations evaluated whether the stress triaxiality conditions were being met as design parameters of cylinder material, cylinder wall-thickness, cylinder length, and initiation configuration were varied. Design analysis shows that the thin cylinders of ES-1 steel do establish the desired plane strain conditions as it expands to failure. Ultra-high speed photography experiments verify the time of fracture and correlate casewall expansion and velocity measurements. Synchronization of the code and diagnostics measurements is presented as a valuable analysis method. On the other hand, rings (i.e., uniaxial stress) of the Aero-224 tungsten alloy were failing just short of uniaxial stress approximating conditions. Analysis of the Aero-224 rings indicated it must be capable of achieving at least a 25% strain to failure in order to have the triaxiality condition satisfied. Strain to failure measurements directly from recovered fragments were less than 14%. Nevertheless, a Weibull distribution was fit to the empirical data set and used to drive a statistically compensated fracture model. Results and discussion of the failure strain distribution and the ability for continuum codes to adequately conduct such simulations are presented.
Insufficiency of the hyperspace

I asserted in (1), p. 35, that the topology of the hyperspace H(μX)of a uniform space μX determines the uniformity μ, and sketched a proof. D. Hammond Smith has shown (2) that the proof indicated is wrong, even for metric spaces. However, Smith proved the assertion for metric spaces and some others, and left open the question whether it was true in general. This note gives a counter example. I should note that I began with a transfinite construction based on Smith's example; whether that would have worked or not, the following construction is simpler.
The mechanism of fatigue failure in a polyethylene copolymer

An hexene-ethylene copolymer is studied. The effects of the ratio of minimum to maximum stress, frequency, relative timees under the maximum and minimum stress, and wave form are measured. The phenomenological aspects are related to the microscopic aspects of the failure process. The maximum stress produces damage by disentangling the molecules in the fibrils of the craze and the minimum stress produces damage by bending the fibrils. The net damage, which is a product of these two damage processes, is represented by a simple equation which accounts for the phenomenological observations.
Concurrent engineering and the software process

In the past two years, the Defense Systems and Electronics Group at Texas Instruments has merged process definition work in several engineering disciplines with management and software processes. Some of the key issues and lessons learned from this activity are discussed. >
RTD analysis of a novel Taylor‐Couette flow device for blood detoxification

Heparin is an anticoagulant used in extracorporeal procedures such as hemodialysis and open heart surgery. Unfortunately, heparin may induce potentially fatal complications in patients at high risk of bleeding. The use of an immobilized heparinase I reactor makes heparin therapy safer, but the design of a safe and efficient reactor for medical use had been a significant problem. A novel reactor, based on simultaneous separation- reaction and Taylor-Couette flow, was designed and successfully tested in vitro with human blood and ex vivo in sheep. The objective of this study was to understand the flow dynamics in the reactor in order to predict and optimize heparin neutralization. Residence-time distribution studies were performed and a mathematical model was developed. The model was able to predict experimental conversions within a mean relative error of 5.5%. Bypass flow through the reactive section was also predicted.
Using multi-agent simulation to test European electricity markets

We discuss examples of implementations of agent-based simulation models in several European countries. Agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS) is increasingly used as a tool to analyze power markets around the world and test the robustness of electricity markets and their underlying rules. The diversity of market designs, the complexities in their configurations with multitudes of participants, and their coupling with the underlying infrastructure require simulation approaches that allow a better representation of these real-world constraints. The power of ABMS tools lies in the flexibility they provide to merge and address these requirements in a single modeling framework.
Malebranche's natural theodicy and the incompleteness of God's volitions

The causal power of Malebranche's God is a function of the content of His will. Yet despite its significance for Malebranche, little exegetical attention has been paid to his notion of volitional content. In this paper I develop the notion of an ‘incomplete’ volition, note that Malebranche accepted and used something like it, and then examine Malebranche's natural theodicy in its light. This yields a new interpretation in which, unlike previous interpretations, Malebranche actually succeeds in reconciling his seemingly incompatible beliefs that: (1) God alone is causally responsible for all natural states of affairs; (2) God's power is His will; (3) God wills to produce only goods; and yet (4) genuine evils exist.
Atom Probe Field-Ion Microscopy Applications

Field-ion microscopy is a real-space atomic resolution microscopy that has the unique ability of serial sectioning a specimen in a controlled manner. Thus, the true three-dimensional structure of defects and particles may be obtained. Atom probe analysis is a powerful chemical analysis technique that possesses both high spatial (<2 nm) and depth (0.2 nm) resolutions. Light elemental analyses are routine because there is no mass limitation for this mass spectrometric technique. This paper first presents a general description of the physics of these techniques followed by a selected review of applications.
Genetic Similarities between Subspecies of the White-Crowned Sparrow

Tissue samples from 121 birds representing two subspecies of the Whitecrowned Sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys, and their zone of intergradation, were obtained from a linear series of eight localities along the Pacific coast of California and Oregon. The region sampled included all of the range of Z. 1. nuttalli, and a portion of the range of Z. 1. pugetensis. Allozyme variation at 46 presumptive gene loci was examined by means of starch gel electrophoresis; 15 of these loci (32.6%) were polymorphic. Allelic frequencies of these loci are reported here; they are used in an analysis of Wright's F-statistics and to estimate gene flow and indices of genetic distance. The population genetic structure of at least one deme within the zone of intergradation differs from that of the two intergrading subspecies, but the subspecies themselves apparently are not genetically differentiated from one another. This conclusion is supported by several lines of evidence: allelic frequencies of the subspecies are not significantly different, as determined by estimates of genetic distance; the association between interlocality F,, values and geographic distances is not significant, as measured by the Mantel test; and a reconstruction of the evolutionary relationships based on the genetic distances of Nei, Rogers, and Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards groups localities representing the two subspecies together, but separate from localities within the zone of intergradation. All lines of evidence suggest high levels of gene flow between the subspecies.
High energy neutrino Astronomy

Astrophysical candidate sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays inevitably produce high-energy neutrinos in and/or around them. While cosmic rays are scattered in the inter-galactic magnetic fields, neutrinos point back to their origin. Hence neutrinos can be used to probe astrophysical sources just like in usual photon astronomy. Here we present the expected neutrino signals from different astrophysical objects and discuss their possible applications to study these intriguing sources.
Solving Kinematical Equation of 3-Degree of Freedom Based on Product of Exponentials Formula

In assigns the kinetic chain connecting rod relative position under the situation, may determine the robot terminal execution position posture. Product of Exponentials based on theory of twist was expressed by opens the chain organization the kinematical equation using product of Exponentials Formula. From this will provide the robot kinematics equation the complete geometry expression method. It will be able to simplify the organization analysis. Namely obtains the movement twist, obtains the kinematics geometry description. Finally, uses Product of Exponentials to establish the joint type kinematical equation of 3-Degrees of freedom robots.
Correlation of normal-range FMR1 repeat length or genotypes and reproductive parameters

This study aims to ascertain whether the length of normal-ranged CGG repeats on the FMR1 gene correlates with abnormal reproductive parameters. We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study of all FMR1 carrier screening performed as part of routine care at a large university-based fertility center from January 2011 to March 2014. Correlations were performed between normal-range FMR1 length and baseline serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), cycle day 3 follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), ovarian volumes (OV), antral follicle counts (AFC), and incidence of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), while controlling for the effect of age. Six hundred three FMR1 screening results were collected. One subject was found to be a pre-mutation carrier and was excluded from the study. Baseline serum AMH, cycle day 3 FSH, OV, and AFC data were collected for the 602 subjects with normal-ranged CGG repeats. No significant difference in median age was noted amongst any of the FMR1 repeat genotypes. No significant correlation or association was found between any allele length or genotype, with any of the reproductive parameters or with incidence of DOR at any age (p > 0.05). However, subjects who were less than 35 years old with low/low genotype were significantly more likely to have below average AMH levels compared to those with normal/normal genotype (RR 3.82; 95 % CI 1.38–10.56). This large study did not demonstrate any substantial association between normal-range FMR1 repeat lengths and reproductive parameters.
Photochemical Rearrangement of Chiral Oxaziridines in Continuous Flow: Application Toward the Scale-Up of a Chiral Bicyclic Lactam

A method for synthesizing chiral lactams from chiral oxaziridines in continuous flow is described. The oxaziridines are readily available from cyclic ketones. Photolysis of the oxaziridines using the Booker-Milburn flow system provides conversion to the chiral lactams in good yield and short residence times. Application of this chemistry toward the synthesis of a chiral bicyclic lactam is described.
Calibration of an Interferometer–Spectrometer—A Detailed Example

The absolute calibration of a spectrometer is accomplished by generally following the same basic procedure of the calibration of radiometer. This chapter focuses on only those aspects of spectrometer calibration that differ significantly from those of radiometric calibration. The absolute calibration of a spectrometer is roughly equivalent to the calibration of n radiometers where n is the number of spectral resolution elements in the free spectral range. The Utah State University field-widened interferometer was designed to provide measurements of the extended area, night-sky emissions from a ground observatory. The specifications of this interferometer vary depending on the type of detector employed. This chapter explains an operational procedure where interferograms were recorded on analog magnetic tape and later digitized and transformed by fast Fourier transformation. The computer output was formatted into a catalog of all the calibration spectrograms appropriately identified. The calibration uncertainty is very difficult to estimate for an interferometer because the responsivity depends on modulation efficiency, which in turn is dependent on mirror alignment. The accuracy depends not only on the standard source uncertainty but also upon the polarization, reflectance, transmittance, and geometrical factors of collimator mirrors, windows, and apertures, all of which are difficult to qualify. Therefore no attempt is made to estimate the accuracy of this spectrometer.
Empirical analysis of volunteer convergence following the 2011 tornado disaster in Tuscaloosa, Alabama

Volunteer convergence refers to the mass movement of volunteers toward affected areas following disaster events. Emergency management professionals sometimes refer to volunteer convergence as “the disaster within the disaster,” which is an indicator of the tremendous challenge that managing the post-disaster influx of spontaneous volunteers presents. In order to develop effective strategies for managing volunteer convergence, it is imperative that emergency managers and coordinators understand the nature of convergence from a quantitative perspective. This paper presents a case study of volunteer convergence following the April 2011 tornado disaster in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and represents the first academic study to rigorously analyze volunteer convergence data. Specifically, we characterize selected stochastic variables that are relevant to volunteer task assignment within the context of a disaster relief warehouse environment using data collected during tornado relief efforts in May 2011. Time series analysis and a hierarchical clustering method based on the Kruskal–Wallis test revealed both non-stationarity and non-homogeneity in the data with respect to time of day, day of the week, and number of weeks past the disaster event. We also discuss the implications of our findings with respect to modeling relief center convergence as a queuing system.
Flowsim: Interactive SDN switch visualization

We present Flowsim, a new web-based OpenFlow data plane simulator. Flowsim enables users to configure their own OpenFlow switches, issue OpenFlow messages, inject custom packet sequences into the data plane, and observe the resulting behavior. During a simulation, the life cycle of an injected packet is analyzed as it traverses the OpenFlow data plane. The user is presented with visualizations that include packet arrival, key extraction, table selection, flow selection, and action application. Flowsim allows new users to quickly grasp the key SDN concepts in a controlled environment, without the need to install or configure complicated software tools. We expect Flowsim to contribute to the adoption of the SDN technologies by a wider community of network practitioners.
Restimulation (Re-frac) of Shale Wells

Reference publications about refracturing treatments (re-stimulation) before 1990s are sparse. The first published work on re-frac dates back to 1960 [96], followed by another publication in 1973 [97].
An Unusual Addition to the Muricidae (mollusca:gastropodai )of the Esmeraldas Beds, Northwestern Ecuador

A visit to the British Museum (Natural History) by William and Lois Pitt, of Sacramento. California, for the purpose of examining the material in their collections from the Tertiary beds of coastal Ecuador. Disclosed is a most unusual addition to the muricid fauna of the Esmeralclas Beds, near Quebrada Camarones (locality TU 1397), which is on the northwestern coast about 10 km east of the mouth of the Rio Esmetaldas. Having just published a study of the muricid fauna of this area (Vokes, 1988), wherein I noted that three of the 21 species of Muricidae occurring in these beds have a closer affinity to species living in northern California or Japan than to anything in the waters of tropical America, it is especially gratifying to recognize this new species as another relative of the Japanese fauna.
Insect Bites and Infestations

The skin is susceptible to assault by a range of insects. In some conditions, such as Norwegian scabies, abundant organisms can be readily identified with routine stains. With most insect-induced eruptions, it is unusual to find the actual agent within a skin biopsy; however, characteristic reaction patterns can help to identify various types of insect bites.
INFLUENCE OF ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION, PERCEPTION OF LEADERSHIP HEAD OF LEADERSHIP AND TEACHER COMPETENCY AND CYCLICLINE ON LEARNING RESULT OF MATH STUDENT CLASS X SMK NEGERI 2 MAJENE

This study aims to determine the achievement motivation, student perceptions about the principal leadership style and teacher competence, student discipline, and mathematics learning outcomes, the influence of achievement motivation, students' perceptions of the principal leadership style and teacher competence, the results of learning mathematics either directly or Not directly through the discipline of students of class X SMK Negeri 2 Majene. This type of research is ex post facto that is causality. The population of this study are all students of class X SMA Negeri 2 Majene lesson 2015/2016. The technique of determining the sample is done by using proportional stratified random sampling. Instruments in this study using questionnaires and tests of learning outcomes. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics of SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) method. The results showed: (1) Student achievement Motivation X Grade SMK Negeri 2 Majene is in the high category, students 'perceptions about the leadership style of headmaster are in the medium category, students' perceptions about teacher competence are in high category, student discipline is in high category Dan The results of mathematics learning are in the medium category; (2) Achievement motivation has positive and significant effect on mathematics learning result, either directly or indirectly through student discipline. (3) The students' perceptions about the leadership style of principals are not significant on the mathematics learning outcomes, and positive and significant achievement of mathematics learning outcomes through student discipline, (4) students' perceptions of teachers' competence have a positive and significant impact on the learning outcomes of mathematics, Directly or indirectly through student discipline
How nature became the other: Anthropomorphism and anthropocentrism in early modern natural philosophy

Metaphors demand a chasm to bridge: connections joined between neighboring categories or kindred concepts hardly qualify as figurative. It is because we are persuaded that such a chasm yawns between the natural and the human that we so often dignify (or revile) the concourse between the biological and social sciences as “metaphorical.” Conversely, those who insist upon analogies between these domains also typically insist upon the proximity of the terms compared, narrowing the gap between them until the figurative collapses into the literal: society is an organism; physiological specialization of body organs is a division of labor. My concern here is not with any particular metaphor liking the biological and social realms, but rather with the historical preconditions for metaphor-making between them, with the emergence of a chasm wide enough to create a potential for figurative sparks. How did the natural come to be so other than the human? More pointedly, how and why did anthropomorphism — the conceptual habit of seeing the non-human in human terms — come to be suspect in science?
Sleep Characteristics and Behavioral Problems Among Children of Alcoholics and Controls.

Background Past research has indicated that both sleep difficulties and a parental history of alcoholism increase the risk of behavioral problems. But it is not known whether sleep difficulties differentially increase the risk of problem behaviors among children of alcoholics (COAs) and controls. We compared multiple measures of sleep and the relationships between sleep and behavioral problems in these 2 groups of children. Methods One hundred and fifteen children aged 8 to 12 (67% COAs; 56% girls; Mage = 10.85, SDage = 1.51) participated in this study. Data presented here were taken from Time 1 of a larger prospective study designed to understand the relationship between sleep and alcohol use. All participants were naive to alcohol and other illicit drugs. Participants were asked to wear an actigraph watch on their nondominant wrist for 1 week. Parents completed the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire and the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist. Results Parents of COAs were more likely to rate their children as overtired compared with parents of non-COAs. Structural equation modeling analyses focusing on overall internalizing and externalizing problems did not reveal any group differences on the relationships between sleep measures and behavioral problems. Regression analyses focusing on specific behavioral problems showed that longer total sleep time, parental ratings of "sleep more" and "sleep less" than other children interacted with COA status to predict specific behavioral problems. Conclusions Sleep difficulties and duration appear to be a general risk factor for behavioral problems in both COAs and non-COAs, yet the relationships between specific sleep parameters and behavioral problems appear to be different between the 2 groups.
Cross-site Input Inference Attacks on Mobile Web Users

In this paper, we investigate severe cross-site input inference attacks that may compromise the security of every mobile Web user, and quantify the extent to which they can be effective. We formulate our attacks as a typical multi-class classification problem, and build an inference framework that trains a classifier in the training phase and predicts a user’s new inputs in the attacking phase. To make our attacks effective and realistic, we design unique techniques, and address major data quality and data segmentation challenges. We intensively evaluate the effectiveness of our attacks using keystrokes collected from 20 participants. Overall, our attacks are effective, for example, they are about 10.8 times more effective than the random guessing attacks regarding inferring letters. Our results demonstrate that researchers, smartphone vendors, and app developers should pay serious attention to the severe cross-site input inference attacks that can be pervasively performed, and should start to design and deploy effective defense techniques.
Opening or Closing Doors for Students? Equity and Data Use in Schools.

Ensuring equitable opportunities and outcomes for all students is a top priority of many educators and policymakers across the globe. Data use can be an important lever for achieving equity, but how this can occur is not well understood. In this article, we draw upon knowledge gained in a decade of in-depth qualitative research to examine the ways in which data use helps to open or close doors for students. We discuss data use practices that influence equity goals: (1) accountability-driven data use and data use for continuous improvement; (2) using data to confirm assumptions and using data to challenge beliefs, and (3) tracking and flexible grouping to promote student growth. Along each of these dimensions, there are active decision makers, complex processes of data use at play, and a great deal of variation both within and across contexts. Ultimately, educators and policymakers are faced with critical choices regarding data use that can profoundly affect students’ daily educational experiences and trajectories.
chapter 5 – The Yerkish Language and Its Automatic Parser

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the Yerkish language and its automatic parser. Yerkish is an artificial language that was designed for the specific purpose of exploring the linguistic potential of nonhuman primates. It was designed under a number of constraints, both theoretical and practical. In what follows, the author tries to show as to which aspects of the language were determined by these initial practical constraints and as to which by the theory underlying its design. The chapter discusses word signs (lexigrams), the meaning and grammatical classification of word signs, combinatorial patterns, the parsing system, and a brief application of the concept of grammaticality to a sample of Lana's output.
Broad-Line Profile Variability

Many years of monitoring a sample of 10 AGNs with a median sampling rate of about one spectrum per week yields strong evidence that broad-line profile variations are not induced by reverberation effects, but rather signify real changes in the structure of the continuum-source and broad-line region complex, contrary to line flux variations, which do respond to continuum variations. If the profile variations indeed trace internal changes in the BLR, then the BLR cannot consist of the billions of small clouds as the standard model of the BLR prescribes. Rather, small-number statistics are necessary. The sample of AGNs also indicates there are three preferred ‘components’ in the line profiles. These can be explained as geometrical projection effects due to an anisotropic continuum irradiating an otherwise spherical BLR.
The Use of Psychotropic Drugs during Pregnancy and Nursing

Treatment of a pregnant or nursing patient presents unusual challenges to the physician, who must consider not only the usual guidelines for administering drugs but also the special problems of pregnancy and the postpartum period. These include: 1. The significant alterations in maternal physiology during pregnancy and delivery. 2. The vulnerability of the developing fetus. 3. The physiological changes in the neonate. 4. The transfer of various agents to the newborn through milk. 5. The possibility of long-term neuroendocrine or behavioral effects on the developing nervous system.
GRAVIDYNAMIC QUANTUM 1/f NOISE

Gravitons of negligible energy and momentum subtly help shape the distribution of matter in space and time with a 1/f spectrum at low frequencies.
Multiple Motor Systems in the Extraocular Muscles of Man

T, he culmination of more than a half century of research in frog muscle was the demonstration of the existence in that species of a separate and distinct slow or tonic striated muscle system that possessed its own peripheral nerve supply and motor units. Thus, the frog has two distinct contractile systems which have different biological functions: a fast or tetanic striate muscle system and a slow or tonic striate muscle system. The latter system is sensitive to acetylcholine and nicotine and yields small, irregular, nonpropagated electrical potentials. Its function is to maintain body postures for long periods without apparent fatigue, e.g., amplexus in the frog. Slow striate muscle systems have been demonstrated in amphibians and reptiles, in the red muscles of birds, in denervated mammalian striated muscle, and in the extraocular muscles of vertebrates (mainly the cat). As the phylogenetic scale ascends to the mammalian level it appears that the unique slow striated systems become limited to the extraocular muscles (per-
The effect of long-term second dialect exposure on sentence transcription in noise

Abstract Ninety expatriate and non-migrant listeners in the US and England completed a sentence transcription in noise task (−4 dB SNR), transcribing both English and US speakers. Both non-migrant groups are, relatively, more accurate with their own dialect – they have an own-dialect advantage – and comparatively both expatriate groups show a much smaller advantage, doing better with their non-native dialect than the non-migrants, though critically not worse with their native dialect. Additionally, variation within each subcategory of listener type suggests more fine-grained effects of exposure on transcription accuracy, even for non-migrants. These results show that second dialect exposure does not simply alter pronunciation, but also the ways in which listeners process dialects, and can do so without significantly affecting first dialect perception.
The effect of perceived stress and specialization on the relationship between perfectionism and burnout in collegiate athletes

Background: Athletic burnout is common when demands of the sport exceed the rewards. Individuals with certain personality dispositions, such as perfectionism, are at increased risk of experiencing ...
Physiological Substrates of RBD Subtypes

During the last 10 years, two of the major discoveries made on the control of waking and sleep that have helped revolutionize our understanding of these two states will be addressed in regard to their relevance to RBD and its subtypes. This research was directed at the partly cholinergic pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), the portion of the reticular activating system (RAS) that is active during waking and REM sleep, but less active during slow-wave sleep, and at its REM sleep-related target, the subcoeruleus nucleus dorsalis (SubCD). As such, the PPN modulates the manifestation of waking through ascending projections to the intralaminar thalamus, as well as the manifestation of REM sleep through descending projections to the SubCD. It was found that these regions possess a proportion of cells that are electrically coupled through gap junctions, thus promoting coherence within each nucleus, and that every cell in the PPN manifests gamma-band activity through intrinsic membrane properties that can be exported to its targets. Neither mechanism has been studied extensively for its involvement in RBD or its subtypes. However, there is little doubt that research into these areas will permit a deeper understanding of RBD disease subtypes and their underlying mechanisms and point to novel directions for treatment.
An Appreciative Reflection on the Guest Editorial “Developing Policy and Management Leaders: Eight Social Work Policy Fellows Share Their Experiences, Case Studies, and Recommendations for Leadership Development”

The guest editorial provided by the Network for Social Work Management’s (NSWM) eight social work policy fellows (Bishop et al., 2018) published in the previous issue, Volume 42(3), is wonderfully ...