cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimization of large structures subjected to dynamic loads with the multiplier method

The multiplier method for optimization of large-scale mechanical and structural systems subjected to dynamic loads is investigated. A large-scale dynamic response optimization problem is formulated and solved in several alternate ways using the first- and second-order forms of the equations of motion. Results are compared with those obtained with the sequential quadratic programming algorithm—a primal method. In all the cases investigated, the multiplier algorithm is more efficient than the primal method. Therefore, it is concluded that the multiplier method is more appropriate for dynamic response optimization of large-scale problems.
Better measurements unlock new ice sheet mass loss estimates

Understanding the dynamics of the world's glaciers is integral to predicting global sea level rise in response to climate change. Greenland's rapidly shrinking ice sheet is a major factor of future sea level rise, but scientists are still unsure how much each component of the ice sheet's changes—surface accumulation, melting and runoff, and changes in ice discharged from the outlet of the glaciers draining into the ice sheet—is contributing to sea level rise.
Oxygenator change-out times: the value of a written protocol and simulation exercises

A survey by our department revealed that most of the institutions in New England and New York have written protocols for low-volume, high-risk, emergency events but few of these centers formally practice these protocols through simulation. We hypothesized that hands-on experience with medical emergency protocols will significantly improve clinician performance. Two groups (n = 24 each) of third semester perfusion students with comparable clinical skills were enrolled in this study. The first group was surprised with an emergent oxygenator change-out drill during a simulation exercise, with no prior warning and without the benefit of a written protocol. The second group was asked to develop a written protocol before they were challenged with the change-out drill. Subsequently, both groups were given a week to practice a protocol for emergent change-out before re-testing. The times for all change-out drills were recorded and the groups were compared with a Student's t-test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. The group without a written protocol (NP) had the longer time (559.7 +/- 84.9 sec) while the group with the written protocol (P) performed better (461.8 +/- 57.5 sec, p < 0.05). However, both groups achieved significantly better performance following repeated practice (NP = 167.8 +/- 34.8; P = 170.9+/-32.5 sec, p < 0 .05). While written protocols for emergent events will improve patient care, simulation and practice of emergency protocols is the most significant way to protect our patients. Based on this, we advocate for all perfusion groups to simulate emergency events and practice their crisis protocols.
Women's Associations and the Enactment of Mothers' Pensions in the United States.

M \/ f the United States. Contrary to established wisdom in political science, their enabling statutes spread very quickly across most states in the 1910s, with smaller, nonindustrial states often in the vanguard. Previous research concerning the predictors of state-level policy innovations has focused on a small subset of possible explanatory variables, typically economic or electoral conditions. We operationalize and test hypotheses about the influence of economic conditions, culture and ideology, electoral politics, governmental institutions and prior public policies, and the role of business, labor, and women's voluntary groups on the priority of state enactments. Our findings indicate that widespread federations of women's voluntary groups exerted a powerful influence on mothers' pension enactments even before most American women had the right to vote. We demonstrate the value to empirical political science of theories and variables referring to gender and women's politics.
Melanocyte-keratinocyte transplantation procedure in the treatment of vitiligo: The experience of an academic medical center in the United States

Background Vitiligo is a disfiguring disease with limited treatment options. Surgical treatment is underused in the United States because of perceived risk of infection, costs, and difficulty of the procedure. Objective We sought to determine the efficacy and safety of the melanocyte-keratinocyte transplantation procedure (MKTP) in an academic dermatology department in the United States. Methods This prospective, uncontrolled, open-label study enrolled patients aged 18 years or older with a self-reported history of vitiligo and no new or expanding lesions for at least 6 months before surgery. Patients with a history of koebnerization or keloid formation were excluded. Patients underwent autologous MKTP. Repigmentation during a 3- to 6-month follow-up period was assessed categorically and by modified Vitiligo Area Scoring Index. Safety was assessed by frequency of adverse events. Results Of the 28 patients who underwent 36 procedures, 23 patients who underwent 29 procedures completed the 3- to 6-month follow-up period. Data for these 29 procedures show excellent repigmentation (ie, 95%-100%) after the MKTP in 17%, and good repigmentation (ie, 65%-94%) in 31%. Fair (64%-25%) and poor (24%-0%) repigmentation were achieved in 10% and 41% of patients, respectively. Average percent change in Vitiligo Area Scoring Index was −45% (95% confidence interval −64% to −26%), signifying an improvement in pigmentation. Limitations Limitations include small sample size and lack of a control group. Conclusions The MKTP is an effective and well-tolerated procedure based upon categorical and Vitiligo Area Scoring Index assessments of repigmentation.
A target signature for distinguishing perfect conductors from anisotropic media of finite conductivity

We exhibit a target signature obtainable from the electromagnetic far field pattern at fixed frequency that allows one to distinguish a perfect conductor from an anisotropic medium of finite conductivity.
Using Career Information With Dropouts and At‐Risk Youth

A survey of sites using the Career Information System identified successful career development programs for dropouts and potential dropouts. Model programs and program development guidelines are described.
Different cyclin types collaborate to reverse the S-phase checkpoint and permit prompt mitosis

Precise timing coordinates cell proliferation with embryonic morphogenesis. As Drosophila melanogaster embryos approach cell cycle 14 and the midblastula transition, rapid embryonic cell cycles slow because S phase lengthens, which delays mitosis via the S-phase checkpoint. We probed the contributions of each of the three mitotic cyclins to this timing of interphase duration. Each pairwise RNA interference knockdown of two cyclins lengthened interphase 13 by introducing a G2 phase of a distinct duration. In contrast, pairwise cyclin knockdowns failed to introduce a G2 in embryos that lacked an S-phase checkpoint. Thus, the single remaining cyclin is sufficient to induce early mitotic entry, but reversal of the S-phase checkpoint is compromised by pairwise cyclin knockdown. Manipulating cyclin levels revealed that the diversity of cyclin types rather than cyclin level influenced checkpoint reversal. We conclude that different cyclin types have distinct abilities to reverse the checkpoint but that they collaborate to do so rapidly.
The male pelvis

Editor Mukesh Harisinghani and authors review important areas in MR of the male pelvis. Articles in this issue will include MRI of the Urinary Bladder; Multiparametric MRI Imaging of the Prostate; Diffusion Weighted Imaging of the Male Pelvis; MR Imaging of the Rectum; Penile MR Imaging; MR Imaging of Pelvic Metastases; MR Imaging of Scrotum; Vascular MR Imaging of the Male Pelvis; and more!
On the Coevolution of Stereotype, Culture, and Social Relationships: An Agent-Based Model

The theory of constructuralism describes how shared knowledge, representative of cultural forms, develops between individuals through social interaction. Constructuralism argues that through interaction and individual learning, the social network (who interacts with whom) and the knowledge network (who knows what) coevolve. In the present work, we extend the theory of constructuralism and implement this extension in an agent-based model (ABM). Our work focuses on the theory's inability to describe how people form and utilize stereotypes of higher order social structures, in particular observable social groups and society as a whole. In our ABM, we formalize this theoretical extension by creating agents that construct, adapt, and utilize social stereotypes of individuals, social groups, and society. We then use this model to carry out a virtual experiment that explores how ethnocentric stereotypes and the underlying distribution of culture in an artificial society interact to produce varying levels of social relationships across social groups. In general, we find that neither stereotypes nor the form of underlying cultural structures alone are sufficient to explain the extent of social relationships across social groups. Rather, we provide evidence that shared culture, social relations, and group stereotypes all intermingle to produce macrosocial structure.
A multiscale model for simulating binding kinetics of proteins with flexible linkers.

The kinetics of protein interactions are essential determinants in many cellular processes such as signal transduction and transcriptional regulation. Many proteins involved in these functions contain intrinsic disordered regions. This makes conformational flexibility become an unneglectable factor when studying the binding kinetic of these proteins. Compared with the binding of rigid proteins that is limited by diffusions, the binding mechanisms of proteins with internal flexibility are much more complicated. Using a small protein that contains two domains and a connecting loop as a testing system, we developed a multiscale simulation framework to study the role of flexible linkers in regulating kinetics of protein binding. The association and dissociation processes were implemented by a coarse-grained Monte-Carlo algorithm, while the conformational changes of the flexible linker were captured from all-atom molecular dynamic simulations. Our simulations illustrated that the presence of the extended domain linker can enhance the rate of protein association. On the other hand, the full-length flexible molecule is more difficult to dissociate than its two rigid domains but much easier than the molecule with a rigid linker. Overall, our studies demonstrated that both kinetics and thermodynamics of protein binding are closely modulated by the dynamic features of linker regions. Proteins 2014; 82:2512–2522. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Web accessibility in the Mid-Atlantic United States: a study of 50 homepages

This paper reports on a study of 50 homepages in the Mid-Atlantic United States to determine what accessibility problems exist. The 50 homepages were evaluated using both the U.S. government's Section 508 guidelines as well as the Web Accessibility Initiative's (WAI) Priority Level 1 of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). According to both sets of guidelines, 49 out of 50 sites were found to have accessibility problems, although some of the accessibility problems were minor and easy to fix. There are two troubling findings from this study. The Web sites that had the most accessibility problems were organizations in the Web development and information technology field, which ideally should be the leaders in making the Web more accessible. The Web accessibility software testing tools, which are available to assist people in making their Web sites more accessible, are flawed and inconsistent and require large numbers of manual checks, which many developers may not be able to do. More people need to become aware of the topic of Web accessibility, and the testing tools need to be improved so that once people are aware, it is easier for them to move their sites toward full accessibility.
Highly eccentric inspirals into a black hole

We model the inspiral of a compact stellar-mass object into a massive nonrotating black hole including all dissipative and conservative first-order-in-the-mass-ratio effects on the orbital motion. The techniques we develop allow inspirals with initial eccentricities as high as $e\ensuremath{\sim}0.8$ and initial separations as large as $p\ensuremath{\sim}50$ to be evolved through many thousands of orbits up to the onset of the plunge into the black hole. The inspiral is computed using an osculating elements scheme driven by a hybridized self-force model, which combines Lorenz-gauge self-force results with highly accurate flux data from a Regge-Wheeler-Zerilli code. The high accuracy of our hybrid self-force model allows the orbital phase of the inspirals to be tracked to within $\ensuremath{\sim}0.1$ radians or better. The difference between self-force models and inspirals computed in the radiative approximation is quantified.
Connecting Youth to High-Resource Adults: Lessons From Effective Youth Programs

Adolescents benefit from contact with high-resource community adults, but intergenerational obstacles make these interactions difficult, fragile, and rare. This qualitative research investigated th...
Photovoltaic Performance Enhancement in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Periodic Surface Relief Structures

One-dimensional and two-dimensional periodic TiO2 relief structures were incorporated in dye-sensitized solar cells. The periodic TiO2 structures were fabricated using surface relief gratings photoinscribed on azobenzene functionalized polymer films as templates and TiO2 sol-gel solution. Enhancement of power conversion of the solar cells made with the relief TiO2 structures was achieved. This enhancement suggests that the relief TiO2 structures can offer efficient light-trapping with the increased effective optical-path length in the solar cells.
Exercise capacity predictors in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy patients assessed by multi-modality imaging

Introduction In HCM, with progression of disease, there is often a reduction in exercise capacity, likely due to diastolic dysfunction, mitral regurgitation (MR) and dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO). However, there is considerable variation in exercise capacity despite similar diastolic dysfunction, LVOTO and MR. Aortic stiffness could be a possible contributor in HCM pathophysiology. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), measured by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), is a marker of aortic stiffness and is abnormal in HCM vs. controls.
Cystic Fibrosis: Breakthrough Drugs at Break-the-Bank Prices

Progress in cystic fibrosis (CF) over the past few decades has been nothing short of miraculous on several fronts: median survival in the United States has increased from 15 years in 1975 to 41 years in 2013, with predictions into the 50s for children born this century.1 Our understanding of the genetic and cellular underpinnings of CF have similarly grown exponentially, beginning in the 1980s with the identification of the cellular ion transport defect2 and the discovery of the gene, dubbed CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator).3 Now in the past 3 years, with the advent of mutation-specific therapies, we have entered a new era that promises even greater improvement in the quality and the length of lives. The first of these small molecule therapies to come to fruition (and to market) was Vertex Pharmaceuticals' (Boston, Massachusetts) ivacaftor (sold as Kalydeco), which received FDA approval in 2012. In a clinical trial, ivacaftor brought about dramatic improvements in pulmonary funct...
An Experimental Investigation of Higher Order Mode Suppression in TEM Cells

Transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cells can be used to evaluate the electric and magnetic fields coupling from integrated circuits (ICs). The propagation and reflection of higher order modes in the cells limits the bandwidth of TEM cells. This paper investigates several methods for suppressing higher order modes in TEM cells in order to extend the applicable frequency range without changing the test topology. Numerical models and measurements of a modified TEM cell demonstrate how higher order mode suppression techniques can extend the useful frequency range of a TEM cell for IC measurements from 1 to 2.5 GHz.
A Radioimmunoassay for 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine in Chicken Serum

Abstract A double-antibody radioimmunoassay is described for 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) in chicken serum. Primary antibody produced in a rabbit had negligible crossreactivity with 3,3′,5′-triiodothyronine and thyroxine. The primary antibody diluted 1:1000 bound 50% of a tracer dose of 1 2 5 I-T3, and a standard curve of 0 to 800 pg/tube was used. Percent binding ranged from 14.1 to 54.1 for a standard curve. Serum volume ranging from 50 to 150 μl tube did not affect assay results. Coefficient of variation was 2.8% within the assay and 5.5% between assays. The inhibitor 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid was necessary for recovery of T3 from spiked samples. Young chickens had reduced serum T3 concentrations when fed diets containing .1% thiouracil for 14 days when compared with serum T3 concentrations of chickens fed the diet without thiouracil. Feeding .2% thiouracil for 3 days did not affect serum T3 concentration.
Parameter estimation and order determination in the low-rank linear statistical model

We consider the problem of estimating the min-norm solution to a low-rank, linear statistical model. We calculate the statistics of the solution as a function of the statistical characterization of the matrix containing observation noise. We also present a new method for estimating the rank of the underlying noise-free matrix.
Supersonic nanocrystal deposition for nanostructured materials

We experimentally demonstrate the large scale production and controlled collection of metal and semiconductor nanocrystals by laser ablation of microparticles entrained at high density in a flowing aerosol. For silver, produced nanocrystals exhibit bimodal, log-normal size distributions. Mean particle sizes are controlled from 3-16 nm by varying the type and pressure of carrier gas as well as laser fluence. For collection, a micronozzle orifice (d = 200 [.mu]m) accelerates nanocrystals through a sonic jet into a vacuum chamber for deposition onto a room temperature substrate. We describe two regimes of deposition that depend on the nanocrystal’s energy per atom on impact. Soft landings ( E << 1 eV/ atom) preserve the individual particle properties such as size and shape. Low energy impaction is demonstrated for CdSe in an argon carrier gas. The CdSe nanoclusters remain crystalline upon deposition and display visible photoluminescence. At higher particle impaction velocities (E ∼ 0.3 eV/atom) nanocrystals exhibit the onset of self sintering upon impact. At high number densities, adherent, conductive lines are formed from deposited silver nanocrystals. Line widths of 33 [.mu]m FWHM are directly written onto substrates using a 200 [.mu]m diameter nozzle.
Call for Papers for the 1987 Annual Meeting of the American Dairy Science Association

The 82nd Annual Meeting of the American Dairy Science Association will be held at University of Missouri, Columbia, June 21-24, 1987. All members of the Association are encouraged to present papers. Abstracts must be received by division chairperson no later than February 15, 1986. Abstracts of papers for student competition should be accompanied by a letter of intent. Type the abstract on the form supplied by the ADSA Executive Secretary according to directions on the form; submit original and four copies to the chairperson of the division. Follow style of the Journal; refer to abstracts published in the 1986 Journal Supplement for guidance. Indicate clearly in the title the nature of the research and in the abstract objectives, design, and major results. Make the data meaningful with brief essential statistics. Papers must have sufficient substance to justify presentation, but the author(s) should also exercise care not to try to present too much factual material for the audience to comprehend. Only 12 minutes are allotted to develop and communicate the ideas to the audience. If critical data are to be exposed fully, only one, two, or possibly three major points can be developed fully. Presentation of material in 12 minutes that is of such scope as to require 30 minutes for its full revelation is a disservice to the audience. More attention should be given to providing an opportunity for discussion and questions following paper presentations. Abstracts of research accepted for publication by a scientific journal before the annual meeting are not acceptable. The Program Committee favors the general policy that a person present only one paper. If the total number of papers submitted by the membership is too great to include in the program, the Committee will assign some papers to be read by title only. Stimulating the highest quality of applied and fundamental research is the goal of the Committee. Mathematical and statistical units should be rechecked to avoid costly corrections in final printing. Careful experimental design and interpretation of results are necessary prerequisites. Compliance with the instructions for preparation of abstracts will simplify tasks of the Program Committee and of the Editor's offices. Careful editing of abstracts before submission is essential. Mimeographed copies (200) of pertinent details and data are desirable for distribution at the time of presentation. Projected material, such as 2 x 2 slides, should include large lettering for easy reading. Names and addresses of the chairpersons to whom abstracts should be sent are given below. If acknowledgment of the receipt of the abstract is not received by March 15, the appropriate chairperson should be contacted.
Phase diagram of superconducting UPt3

Abstract The heavy fermion superconductor UPt 3 shows evidence of a complex phase diagram in the H-T plane.A variety of experiments reveal the existence of at least two and maybe more superconducting phases.The phase transition line(s) obtained from the different experiments is (are) in qualitative agreement.
Measurements of the structure of the Reynolds stress in a turbulent boundary layer

Additional experimental studies of the structure of Reynolds stress which supplement our previous work (Willmarth & Lu 1971) are reported. The velocity at the edge of the viscous sublayer is again used as a detector signal for bursts and sweeps. The signal uv obtained from an X-wire probe at various locations is conditionally sampled and sorted into four quadrants of the u, v plane. Using this method it is found that, when the velocity uw at the edge of the viscous sublayer becomes low and decreasing, a burst occurs. On the other hand, a sweep occurs when uw becomes large and increasing. The convection speeds of the bursts and the sweeps are found to be equal and are about 0·8 times the local mean velocity and 0·425 times the free-stream velocity at a distance y ≈ 0·15δ* from the wall (δ* is the displacement thickness). Throughout the turbulent boundary layer, the bursts are the largest contributors to from different events. Both mean time intervals are approximately equal and constant for most of the turbulent boundary layer. The scaling of the mean time interval between bursts with outer flow variables is confirmed. It is suggested that many of the features of the fluctuating flow revealed by the measurements may be explained by convection past the measuring station of an evolving deterministic flow pattern such as the hairpin vorticity model of Willmarth & Tu (1967).
Security Analytics: Essential Data Analytics Knowledge for Cybersecurity Professionals and Students

At the 2015 Workshop on Security and Privacy Analytics, there was a well-attended and vigorous debate on educating and training professionals and students in security analytics. This article extends this debate by laying out essential security analytics concepts for professionals and students, sharing educational experiences, and identifying gaps in the field.
Effectively Serving The Needs Of Today's Business Student: The Product Life Cycle Approach To Class Organization

We illustrate a class organization process utilizing the concept of the Product Life Cycle to meet the needs of todays millennial student. In the Introduction stage of a business course, professors need to build structure to encourage commitment. In the Growth stage, professors need to promote the structure through multiple, brief activities that can keep the attention of business students. In the Mature stage, professors need to use the structure to stabilize engagement levels and learning rates but be willing to make adjustments to prevent apathy in the course. Finally, in the Decline stage, professors need to dismantle the structure while allowing opportunities for utilizing materials for future business courses and addressing todays millennial students need for achievement and sense of entitlement with the course grades. The value is that this paper illustrates an approach to aid professors in organizing business courses that can be utilized in a variety of courses to better serve millennial students.
Economic Benefit-Cost Analysis of Select Secondary Prevention Interventions in LMIC

We present a quantitative economic benefit-cost analysis of 2 secondary prevention targets that are part of the World Health Organization's Global Monitoring Framework for noncommunicable diseases (NCD). These targets are expected to contribute to the achievement of the overall NCD target proposed for the Post-2015 Sustainable Development Goal Framework. We estimate that interventions would need to avert roughly 6 million to 7 million NCD deaths worldwide in 2030 to meet the target. We calculate that the combination of tobacco taxation that achieves 50% reduction in use and 70% coverage of high-risk populations with a multidrug regimen can provide one-half of that mortality reduction in 2030, at a benefit-cost ratio of 7:1, or U.S. $7 in benefits for each U.S. $1 in cost.
Sudoku: nifty tools

This "Nifty Assignment" is a series of ten small to medium assignments that allow students to incrementally build a complete Sudoku application. The students are initially given a functional, but feature-poor, implementation. Each of the assignments is a feature for the students to add. We have limited the dependencies between the assignments so that an instructor can choose the subset that best fits his or her course.
Smoke and Mirror: Reflection of an Urban Journalist

Throughout the years, a number of people have inquired about my work, especially my documentation of the events of April 29, 1992. I hope the following reflection will shed some light on the native son behind the Nikon. In 1991, I was enrolled as a journalism major at Cal State L.A. These were the years when my social consciousness was solidified through my work documenting some of the most tumultuous events within the last decade of the last millennium-all through the eyes of a journalist in training. It was the first floor of King Hall where I would witness the beginning of a new chapter in the history of Los Angeles. A crowd had gathered to watch the verdicts live on a school television monitor anchored to the ceiling over some vending machines. As the “not guilty” verdicts for the four LAPD officers were read, the crowd gasped with disbelief as a strange calm settled over it.
Determinants of Internet Use for Rural and Farm Economic Sectors

Over the last decade the Internet has increasingly become the driving force in ebusiness evolution. U.S. Internet access and use has increased for all regions, most types of work places, and all income groups. Access and use, however, is neither uniform nor universal across the economic-geographic spectrum. In this study we examine Internet access and use as it pertains to farm and nonfarm rural businesses. Our study addresses the issue of market demand for information technologies, i.e. the Internet by analyzing explicitly the determinants of Internet use in the farm and nonfarm sectors.
Ontology-Based Vaccine and Drug Adverse Event Representation and Theory-Guided Systematic Causal Network Analysis Toward Integrative Pharmacovigilance Research

Compared with controlled terminologies (e.g., MedDRA, CTCAE, and WHO-ART), the community-based Ontology of Adverse Events (OAEs) has many advantages in AE classifications. The OAE-derived Ontology of Vaccine AEs (OVAE) and Ontology of Drug Neuropathy AEs (ODNAE) serve as AE knowledge bases and support data integration and analysis. The Immune Response Gene Network Theory explains molecular mechanisms of vaccine-related AEs. The OneNet Theory of Life treats the whole process of the life of an organism as a single complex and dynamic network (i.e., OneNet). A new “OneNet effectiveness” tenet is proposed here to expand the OneNet theory. Derived from the OneNet theory, the author hypothesizes that one human uses one single genotype-rooted mechanism to respond to different vaccinations and drug treatments, and experimentally identified mechanisms are manifestations of the OneNet blueprint mechanism under specific conditions. The theories and ontologies interact together as semantic frameworks to support integrative pharmacovigilance research.
Behavior Analysis: A Tool for Test and Evaluation

The following paper describes an approach for measuring the behavioral consequences of a wide variety of factors in a field test environment. Behavior analysis provides a test and evaluation team with an indication of what behavior changes occur concomitant with high workload, stress, and fatigue. As such, this assessment technique is used in conjunction with other evaluation tools to enable evaluation of any divergence in the behavior of the personnel manning the system (i.e., deviations from either specified or previous behavioral performance).
A detailed combined experimental and theoretical study on dimethyl ether/propane blended oxidation

Abstract In this paper, a binary fuel model for dimethyl ether (DME) and propane is developed, with a focus on engine-relevant conditions (10–50 atm and 550–2000 K). New rapid compression machine (RCM) data are obtained for the purpose of further validating the binary fuel model, identifying reactions important to low-temperature propane and DME oxidation, and understanding the ignition-promoting effect of DME on propane. It is found that the simulated RCM data for DME/propane mixtures is very sensitive to the rates of C 3 H 8 + OH, which acts as a radical sink relative to DME oxidation, especially at high relative DME concentrations. New rate evaluations are conducted for the reactions of C 3 H 8 + OH = products as well as the self-reaction of methoxymethyl peroxy (in competition with RO 2 = QOOH isomerization) of 2CH 3 OCH 2 O 2 = products . Accurate phenomenological rate constants, k ( T, P ), are computed by RRKM/ME methods (with energies obtained at the CCSD(T)-F12a/cc-pVTZ-F12 level of theory) for several radical intermediates relevant to DME. The model developed in this paper (120 species and 711 reactions) performs well against the experimental targets tested here and is suitable for use over a wide range of conditions. In addition, the reaction mechanism generator software RMG is used to explore cross-reactions between propane and DME radical intermediates. These cross-reactions did not have a significant effect on simulations of the conditions modeled in this paper, suggesting that kinetic models for high- and low-reactivity binary fuel mixtures may be assembled from addition of their corresponding submodels and a small molecule foundation model.
Twelve-Minute Daily Yoga Regimen Reverses Osteoporotic Bone Loss.

Objective: Assess the effectiveness of selected yoga postures in raising bone mineral density (BMD).
Searching the biomedical literature: research study designs and critical appraisal

Two essential issues to consider when assessing the validity of research studies are the strengths and weaknesses of the study design and quality of methodology. This paper reviews study designs commonly used in clinical research, including case reports, cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, cohort studies, randomized controlled trials, reviews, and meta-analyses. It concludes with an outline for assessing study quality.
Role of Interventional Radiology in Managing Bile Duct Injuries

Biliary drainage can be used to treat postsurgical biliary injuries that are not accessible endoscopically. Small bile leaks can resolve spontaneously. If a biloma drain outputs more than 200 ml/day, biliary drainage can divert the bile away from the leak, allowing it to heal. Postsurgical biliary strictures can be treated with large bore biliary drains and cholangioplasty. Innovative percutaneous techniques for treating refractory bile duct injuries include covered biliary stents, bile duct embolization with glue, rendezvous procedures, and percutaneous hepaticojejunostomy and hepaticogastrostomy.
Laser-induced thermal desorption studies of surface kinetics

Laser-induced thermal desorption (LITD) has emerged as a powerful time-de- pendent probe of surface processes. The ability of LITD to desorb reaction intermediates from Si (111)7×7 has recently been employed to study the decomposition of H2O and NH3 on Si (111) 7×7. These LITD studies are discussed and compared to corresponding FTIR investigations. The transmission FTIR experiments were performed on porous silicon surfaces.
Number of Chronic Medical Conditions Fully Mediates the Effects of Race on Mortality; 25-Year Follow-Up of a Nationally Representative Sample of Americans

Background Despite the well-established literature on the effects of race and socioeconomic status (SES) on mortality, limited information exists on mediators of these effects. Taking a life-course epidemiology approach, and using a nationally representative sample of adults in the USA, the current study has two aims: (1) to assess the effects of race and SES at baseline on all-cause mortality over a 25-year follow-up and (2) to test whether the number of chronic medical conditions (CMCs) as a time-varying covariate mediates the effects of race and SES on all-cause mortality.
Comment on “Equilibrium constants and rate constants for adsorbates: Two-dimensional (2D) ideal gas, 2D ideal lattice gas, and ideal hindered translator models”

The paper by Campbell et al. was recently brought to my attention. This comment is written to provide greater clarity to the community to prevent misconceptions regarding the entropies being discussed in that work and to clarify the differences between the adsorbate standard states suggested by Campbell and by Savara.
Evaluation of the HD and HD+TOF reconstructions for Siemens' Biograph-mCT TOF PET scanner

We describe an evaluation of the HD and HD+TOF reconstructions in terms of contrast vs noise, precision vs accuracy, and inter-realization variation on Siemens' Biograph-mCT time-of-flight (TOF) PET scanner. The HD-PET reconstruction is the 3D-OSEM with point-spread-function (PSF) modeling, and the HD+TOF is the HD-PET with the time-spread-function (TSF) modeling based on the TOF information acquired from the scanner. A chest-spine phantom was scanned, and the data were reconstructed using the HD and HD+TOF methods. Hot contrast as well as cold contrast from regions with different densities was evaluated as a function of the voxel-noise in the images. The coefficient of variation (COV) in contrast was evaluated over 10 realizations at low statistics and plotted as a function of the bias in contrast. The standard deviation (STD) images were also compared between the HD and HD+TOF reconstructions. It was observed that the HD+TOF reconstruction outperforms the HD method in terms of hot contrast vs noise as well as cold contrast in the low density regions. However, for the high density regions the HD+TOF showed slightly worse results as compared to the HD method. Consistent results were also observed in terms of precision vs accuracy. The STD image comparison showed similar results between the HD and HD+TOF reconstructions. Additionally, the phantom data were also reconstructed with various methods and parameters for both Biograph-mCT (mCT) and Biograph-40 (B40), and the contrast vs noise evaluation showed that the same reconstruction method with the same or similar parameters on both scanners performs similarly (e.g. HD reconstruction with 2 iterations and 2 mm Gaussian smoothing).
Two-state reactivity in C–H activation by a four-coordinate iron(0) complex

The ground state structure of [Ph2B(tBuIm)2Fe(CO)2]− is trigonal pyramidal (S = 1), with a thermally accessible square planar (S = 0) geometry. Experimentally calibrated electronic structure calculations provide evidence for two-state reactivity, with C–H oxidative addition on the singlet surface providing an iron(II) product (S = 0).
Nanoscale electrodynamics of evanescent fields

An analysis is presented of k-space coupling of energy from an object into one or more proximal resonant scatterers. The choice of basis function provides insight into coupling mechanisms and efficiency which leads to the design of effective resonant scatterers that can direct energy and/or information associated with high-k evanescent fields away from the object. We discuss the trade-offs between the k-space and ω-space coupling as a function of the Q of the resonant scatterer. At the nanoscale, this has applications for super-Planckian heat removal as well as superresolution imaging.
Local Analyticity and Nonlinear Vector Fields

We prove local analytic hypoellipticity for a quasilinear version of □b on the Heisenberg Group. The work is joint with A. Bove, M. Derridj and L. Zanghirati.
A stochastic view on column efficiency.

Abstract A stochastic model of transcolumn eddy dispersion along packed beds was derived. It was based on the calculation of the mean travel time of a single analyte molecule from one radial position to another. The exchange mechanism between two radial positions was governed by the transverse dispersion of the analyte across the column. The radial velocity distribution was obtained by flow simulations in a focused-ion-beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) based 3D reconstruction from a 2.1 mm × 50 mm column packed with 2 μm BEH-C18 particles. Accordingly, the packed bed was divided into three coaxial and uniform zones: (1) a 1.4 particle diameter wide, ordered, and loose packing at the column wall (velocity u w ), (2) an intermediate 130 μm wide, random, and dense packing (velocity ui), and (3) the bulk packing in the center of the column (velocity uc). First, the validity of this proposed stochastic model was tested by adjusting the predicted to the observed reduced van Deemter plots of a 2.1 mm × 50 mm column packed with 2 μm BEH-C18 fully porous particles (FPPs). An excellent agreement was found for ui = 0.93uc, a result fully consistent with the FIB-SEM observation (ui = 0.95uc). Next, the model was used to measure ui = 0.94uc for 2.1 mm × 100 mm column packed with 1.6 μm Cortecs-C18 superficially porous particles (SPPs). The relative velocity bias across columns packed with SPPs is then barely smaller than that observed in columns packed with FPPs (+6% versus + 7%). u w = 1.8 u i is measured for a 75 μm × 1 m capillary column packed with 2 μm BEH-C18 particles. Despite this large wall-to-center velocity bias (+80%), the presence of the thin and ordered wall packing layer has no negative impact on the kinetic performance of capillary columns. Finally, the stochastic model of long-range eddy dispersion explains why analytical (2.1–4.6 mm i.d.) and capillary ( 3) with sub-2 μm particles and with 1 μm particles, respectively.
The relationship between Internet addiction and negative eWOM

Customers prevalently use social media (SM) to post their experiences and to review others’ experiences. This study investigated how Internet addiction (IA) influenced customers’ word-of-mouth beha...
Intracellular mechanism by which arsenite activates the yeast stress MAPK Hog1.

We demonstrate the molecular mechanism by which the toxic metalloid arsenite stimulates the yeast SAPK Hog1. Rather than signaling from the cell surface, arsenite works through an intracellular mec...
Immunoprofiling in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC).

12049Background: Molecular profiling has become important in directing therapy for IHCC, while not much has been described about the immune environment of this disease. Understanding the immune mil...
Interconnection and Memory in Linear Time-Invariant Systems

We characterize the role played by memory when linear time-invariant systems interact. This study is of interest as the phenomenon that occurs in this setting is arguably the same phenomenon that governs some cascading failure and contagion effects in interconnected systems. We aim to later extend solutions presented in this paper to problems in other desired settings. The characterization relies on basic methods in homological algebra, and is reminiscent of the rank-nullity theorem of linear algebra. Interconnection of systems is first expressed as an exact sequence, then loss of memory causes a loss of exactness, and finally exactness is recovered through specific algebraic invariants of the systems that encode the role of memory. We thus introduce a new invariant, termed lag , of linear time-invariant systems and characterize the role of memory in terms of the lag. We discuss properties of the lag, and prove several results regarding the characterization.
Arterial Blood Pressure Regulation

Arterial blood pressure is the input pressure defining organ perfusion pressure and as such is tightly maintained through multiple systemic and local mechanisms and sympathetic and humoral feedback mechanisms. The immediate feedback is through aortic and carotid body baroreceptor links to the autonomic nervous system sympathetic and parasympathetic balance. Furthermore, as arterial pressure varies along physiologic ranges, local vasomotor tone covaries to sustain regional blood flow constant through a local autoregulatory process. Chronic hypertension shifts this pressure-flow relation to the right with pressure on the x-axis such that pressure-limited low-flow states occur at higher arterial pressure in these patients than in those without hypertension. Similarly, sepsis and other vasoplegic states blunt these autoregulatory processes, making the relation between arterial pressure and regional blood flow disrupted, which may contribute to impaired end-organ function. Finally, organ perfusion pressure is the input arterial pressure relative to the output pressure which can be elevated and different among organs and body spaces. Thus, targeting a specific arterial pressure may not insure adequate regional blood flow in critically ill patients.
An Analysis of Environmental and Economic Impacts of Fossil Fuel Production in the U.S. from 2001 to 2015

The production and burning of fossil fuels is the primary contributor to CO2 emissions for the U.S. We assess the impact of producing coal, crude oil, and natural gas on the environment and economi...
Cross-lagged Panel Mediation Models with Latent Constructs: Specification and Estimation

The use of observed scores to represent constructs in cross-lagged panel mediation models (CLPMs) can result in inaccurate effect estimates of these constructs (Cole & Maxwell, 2003; Little, 2013)....
4 – Bus Hardware and Signals

Publisher Summary Understanding the data and address buses is critical because they are at the heart of interfacing design. This chapter discusses what a bus is, how data are put onto it, and how data from it are used. The chapter progresses logically, with the first section covering basic concepts in digital hardware, the next section using those concepts to describe the control signals on the bus, and the final section discussing the important issue of timing in the microprocessor bus. This leads to the study of bus timing and control, which is very important to the design of interfaces. The emphasis can be shown in the following experience: Microcomputer manufacturers have applications engineers who write notes on how to use the chips that the companies manufacture, and who answer the knotty questions that the systems designers cannot handle. The terminology is close to that used in the industry, and microprocessor notation conforms to that used in Motorola data sheets. After reading the chapter, one should be able to read a logic diagram or the data sheets describing microcomputers or their associated integrated circuits, and should have a fundamental knowledge of the signals and their timing on a typical microcomputer bus.
NISI research on wavelength standards for optical communications

Accurate wavelength standards are important for many of the proposed optical communication schemes involving wavelength division multiplexing or coherent detection, The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) program for wavelength standards in the 1.3 pm and 1.5 pm regions consists of developing moderate-accuracy standards (0.01-nm accuracy) and high-accuracy standards (better than 1-MHz accuracy). The moderate-accuracy standards are simple, portable devices which can be used to calibrate optical spectrum analyzers and tunable diode lasers. The high-accuracy standards will remain at NIST and will be used to calibrate transfer standards. For the high-accuracy work, I have developed a wavelength standard scheme in which a 1.5 pm fiber laser is stabilized to narrow resonances in laser-cooled rubidium.
Observation of asymmetric explosive density evolution in the deflagration-to-detonation transition for porous explosives

We report deflagration-to-detonation transition phenomena in cylindrical columns of porous explosives based on octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX). The HMX powder and LX-14 (95.5 wt. % HMX and 4.5 wt. % estane polyurethane) prills were observed with high-speed cameras and flash x rays under conditions that allow for precise scaling and registration of the recorded images. These experimental results test the conventional assumption of axisymmetric, effective one-dimensional burning. Polycarbonate confinement tubes allowed this direct imaging with steel spheres employed as radio-opaque fiducials. Spheres embedded in the explosive column revealed the displacement of the explosive prior to deflagration. X-ray and fast camera images show that a dense plug of compact explosive develops ahead of the deflagration front. The internal fiducials register both internal changes in the plug and changes in the position between successive x-ray images. Tantalum witness strips placed on the inner wall of the explosive channel revealed radial expansion of the tube bore at successive x-ray exposures, indicating the internal pressure of about 100 MPa just before detonation. Images indicate that the deflagration is not only asymmetric but also involves newly observed transient phenomena just before detonation. We typically see a brief but continuous increase in deflagration speed and the formation of a deflagration channel that bypasses the plug just prior to detonation. We hypothesize that these phenomena play an important role in the deflagration-to-detonation transition itself.
Too little, too late?: Can an integrated empathy-building intervention shift gero-attitudes for undergraduates in an online course?

By 2050, 22.1% of the United States population will be 65 years or older, increasing the demand for well-trained, enthusiastic professionals to serve them. At the same time, later life is frequentl...