cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Novel High Pressure Sealing System for Tube Hydroforming Operations

The tube hydroforming (THF) process is a metal forming process that uses a pressurized fluid as the forming mechanism. Recently, this process has increased in popularity in the automotive industry as a method to reduce the number of required components and consolidate parts which can substantially reduce the overall automobile weight. This reduction in weight is a currently pursued method for improving the vehicles fuel economy.At the micro scale, hydroformed tubes have the potential to offer additional benefits with possible uses in medical and MEMS (Microelectromechanical systems) applications. However, this can be a challenge when the forming materials have small mating features. In many macro scale tube hydroforming processes the forming fluid is supplied to the tubes by a tapered filling nozzle inserted inside the inner diameter of the tubes. When considering forming tubes with sub-millimeter features, this poses a significant challenge.This paper explores the design of a new method for creating the required high pressure seal. Specifically, this seal is made on the outside surface of the tube by using a flexible encompassing rubber gasket and two proprietary designed seal cavities. In this study, stainless steel 304 micro tubes of varying outer diameters (1.0 mm and 2.1 mm) and thickness were tested.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Fate of linear alkylbenzenes released to the coastal environment near Boston Harbor.

Linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) were used to assess the fates of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) released to a large urban harbor and the adjoining offshore waters. We found that particulate concentrations of the individual C12 LAB isomers in 1996 summertime surface waters decreased from 1 pM in Boston Harbor to 20−200 fM in coastal Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays. Levels fell to only a few fM in offshore Gulf of Maine locations. These observations were consistent with municipal wastewater in Boston Harbor as the predominant input followed by dispersal via known circulation patterns in this region. Phase-dependent removal rate coefficients for flushing, vertical scavenging, volatilization, photodegradation, and biodegradation of individual LAB isomers were constrained from literature, field observations, and laboratory experiments and combined with estimates of wastewater release rates into a predictive 3-box model. Vertical scavenging, biodegradation, and flushing were predicted to be the most important...
The Child in the Moral Order

In the early 1700s the Flemish explorer Sicnarf Garhcs discovered a society, the Namuh, which he described in his two-volume compendium of primitive societies. As this society bears on my present topic, I begin with a summary of its salient features:(i) It consists of two classes of people, the Tluda and the Dlihc, whom I shall hereafter refer to as the T's and the D's. Relative to the D's, the T's are (on the average) strong, intelligent and knowledgeable about the world. The D's are (with some exceptions) weak, ignorant and dim-witted.
Quantum wave packet dynamics with trajectories: reflections on a downhill ramp potential

Abstract The quantum trajectory method (QTM) for wave packet dynamics involves solving discretized hydrodynamic equations-of-motion in the Lagrangian picture (C. Lopreore, R.E. Wyatt, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 (1999) 5190). In this Letter, results are presented which illustrate the dynamics of an initial Gaussian wave packet on a downhill ramp potential. Plots are shown for the time evolving probability density, as well as phase space plots and force diagrams. The mechanism, deduced from these plots, surprisingly shows some of the transmitted fluid elements of the wave packet making a U-turn before they head downhill on the ramp potential.
Limitations of the pelvic examination for evaluation of the female pelvic organs

Abstract Objective To assess factors influencing an accurate pelvic examination under the best possible circumstances. Methods Before undergoing laparoscopy or laparotomy, 84 women under general anesthesia underwent pelvic examinations by an attending gynecologist, a gynecology resident, and a medical student blinded to the indication for surgery. Surgical findings were compared with the examiners' findings. Dependent variables (uterine size, uterine contour, and presence of adnexal masses) and effect modifiers (examiner experience and body mass index) were analyzed. Results The overall pelvic examination was accurate 70.2% of the time for attending gynecologists, 64.0% for residents, and 57.3% for medical students. The sensitivity to detect adnexal masses was much lower than the sensitivity to assess uterine size or uterine contour. Obesity noticeably reduced detection of adnexal masses. Conclusion The bimanual examination appears to be a limited screening test for the female upper genital tract even under the best possible circumstances. Uterine assessment appears to be more accurate than adnexal assessment.
The Influence of Length Of Problem and of Transfer upon Rational Learning and Its Retention

Resume Vingt-quatre etudiantes universitaires ont appris trois Problemes Peterson de l'Apprentissage Rationnel, d'une longueur de 6, de 12 et de 18 lettres, et elles les ont appris de nouveau huit jours apres. On a examine less resultats pour determiner l'influence de la longueur du probleme et de la pratique sur l'apprentissage rationnel et sa retention. Les problemes de l'apprentissage rationnel de 12 et de 18 lettres sont plus difficiles a apprendre que les problemes de 6 lettres a un degre for disproportionne a leur longueur. L'accroissment de la longueure de 12 a 18 letters est accompagne d'un accroissment de la dificulte lequel est plus proportionne a l'accroissement de la longueur. Toutes les mesures de la retention soutiennent les conclusions qu'un accroissment de la longueur est accompagne d'un accroissement de la difficulte lequel est plus proportionne a l'accroissement de la longueur. Toutes les mesures de la retention soutiennent les conclusions qu'un accroissement de la longueur est accompagn...
Archaeological evidence of coca ( Erythroxylum coca , erythroxylaceae) in the upper mantaro valley, Peru

Prehistoric remains of coca (Erythroxylum spp.) are rarely uncovered by archaeologists or positively identified by botanists because of their fragile nature and the lack of rigorous archaeological collection techniques. This absence of plant evidence has made evolutionary studies of diffusion and use of coca difficult. From special depositional conditions in the Mantaro area of central Peru, one coca leaf and two endocarps have been uncovered and identified as Erythroxylum coca var. coca. These three specimens came from elite-status contexts dating to the Late Intermediate and the Late Horizon-Early Colonial Periods. These remains provide the first highland evidence for access to coca-producing, ceja de montana farms, which lie more than 50 km away on the eastern slope of the Andes.
Reflections on Bishop's philosophy of mathematics

The constructive movement in mathematics is now about a century old. It began in the 1880s with Kronecker's objections to the new methods introduced into analysis by Weierstrass and Cantor. It continued in the 1920s with the attempt by Brouwer and his students to recreate analysis on foundations radically different from those of the already "classical" settheoretic analysis of their day. It received a new impulse in the late 1960s when Errett Bishop and his students sought n ot so much to base analysis on new foundations as to purify analysis by b uilding up as much of it as possible without the use of nonconstructive methods. This new constructivism of Bishop's is less philosophical and closer to the practice of mathematics than the intuitionism of Brouwer and Heyting. The emphasis is not on foundational questions, but on the hard w ork of finding constructive versions and constructive proofs of actual theorems. The members of this school are not philosophers or logicians, but working analysts or algebraists. As a result, the philosophical assumptions and implications of this work have gone almost unexamined. Writers on the philosophy of mathematics rarely do more than mention Bishop's work. Thus in Dummett's excellent philosophical book [3] on intuitionism, Bishop's work is mentioned only once in passing. In my o wn survey paper [4], Bishop is mentioned only to be excluded from the discussion. The present paper is an attempt to begin the philosophical debate about this new constructive mathematics. I have no doubt that this work has made important and lasting contributions to analysis. It is good mathematics. I suggest, however, that it is time to ask whether the remarks made by Bishop and others in support of this work are equally good philosophy.
Cystic echinococcosis in the Americas

Echinococcus granulosus and related genotypic variants, the agents of cystic hydatid disease, occur widely in the American continents from Alaska and Northern Canada in North America to Tierra del Fuego in South America. Here we review the historical and current distribution and prevalence of these infections throughout the American countries and the results of programs to control or eliminate the infection.
Endoscopic diagnosis of a pancreatic pseudoaneurysm after lateral pancreaticojejunostomy

Lateral pancreaticojejunostomy (Puestow procedure) is occasionally used to ameliorate the abdominal pain of chronic pancreatitis. Local complications that have been reported include anastomotic leak, wound infection, hemorrhage, subphrenic abscess, and pancreatic ascites.1-3 We report here a postoperative case complicated by a bleeding pseudoaneurysm. CASE REPORT A 42 year-old Caucasian man presented with abdominal pain caused by chronic pancreatitis. The patient had had symptoms including abdominal pain, nausea, and anorexia for many years. Evaluation had included ERCP which revealed pancreas divisum with dorsal ductal changes of chronic pancreatitis. Therapeutic modalities including minor papilla sphincterotomy and stent placement, trials of pancreatic enzyme replacement, and celiac ganglion blockade were unsuccessful in ameliorating the patient’s symptoms. The patient ultimately underwent lateral pancreaticojejunostomy. Intraoperatively, a hard, chronically inflamed pancreas was exposed and the pancreatic duct identified. In the process of opening the duct, an artery overlying the duct was transected and sutureligated. The pancreatic duct was anastomosed to a jejunal Roux-en-Y. Hemostasis appeared adequate. The patient’s postoperative course was benign and he reported relief of abdominal pain. Three weeks after the operation, the patient presented with melena and weakness. His hemoglobin level was 6.9 gm/dL on admission with a baseline hemoglobin of 15.4 gm/dL three weeks before. The patient underwent upper GI endoscopy and ERCP. A shallow, clean-based duodenal bulb ulcer without bleeding stigmata was seen. No evidence of bleeding was seen from the major or minor papilla. The pancreatogram showed a short segment of patent dorsal duct with flow into the jejunal Roux-en-Y limb. A catheter was passed through the pancreas into the jejunal limb and clear fluid was aspirated. The patient had recurrent melena and repeat hemoglobin was 2.6 gm/dL.
Income levels, growth and price structures in the ESCAP region, 1960–1990

Abstract The countries of the ESCAP region have experienced widely different growth experience over the past 30 years but Asia's share of world GDP is again the largest of any world region. This Asian experience is examined in the context of convergence models that suggest income and productivity levels should tend to catch-up with those of the technological leader and that relative price structures should tend to converge. For the ESCAP region there appears to be little support for convergence in incomes or price structures in the 1960–1990 period.
Preschool Children's Knowledge of Addition and Subtraction

Research on children's number knowledge has centered on young children's conceptions of "same" in quantity (Piaget, 1952, and subsequent studies of conservation) and has only peripherally mentioned notions of differences in quantity. For example, we know that nonconservers often say that the row of pennies that is longer has "more" pennies in it than a shorter row with the same number of pennies. That is, children misinterpret an equality and call it a difference. The question remains: How do children interpret manipulations that do contain changes in quantity? Are young children able to correctly interpret changes in a set through the addition or subtraction of elements?
The postwar conservation boom in British colonial Africa.

As World War II came to a close, there was neither any national park legislation nor any national parks department in British East and Central Africa (comprising the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika, Northern and Southern Rhodesia, and Nyasaland). Not all of the colonial territories in the region even had a "game" department. The existing departments were minute in relation to the size of their territories and none possessed any sort of research agenda or scientifically trained staff member. Fifteen years later, the situation had shifted 18o degrees. Colonial development funds poured into the improvement of new national parks across the region, airplanes crisscrossed the skies overhead to count wildlife herds, and scores of biologists and ecologists moved over the landscape to analyze the habits and histories of the parks" faunal residents. The shift represented a veritable conservation boom and dozens of new parks appeared as bright green patches on previously monochrome maps. What had happened in the immediate postwar years to change the status of national parks and wildlife conservation so dramatically? Some historians have traced the origins of twentieth-century wildlife conservation to the psychological and emotional importance of the African environment for European colonizers. Accordingly the roots of British colonial national park and wildlife laws have been traced to culturally constructed "western" ideas of nature in Africa. Historians have offered concepts such as the "the Eden complex" or "the cult of the Hunt"' to explain European, particularly British, fascination with African wildlife and anxieties over its disappearance. The core of their argument is that the idea of Africa as symbolic Eden has stimulated western interests in African conservation through the colonial period and into the present. Without dismissing their importance in shaping British attitudes toward nature in Africa, elite European cultural values do not fully explain the explosion in conservation initiatives in the final years of colonialism. There had been many proposals for national parks in the first half of the century and an international wildlife treaty as early as 1900, but territorial governments in Africa largely ignored these until the 1940s.
What do GPs want from mental health services

In the context of a primary care-led NHS, a questionnaire survey of GPs' views of mental health services was undertaken in Sheffield and Norwich. Most GPs are willing to let mental health teams make the decision about allocation of referrals at least for some cases, but only half want to give up that control for all patients. They favour consultants seeing patients in a community mental health centre rather than GP surgery or out-patient clinic, although they would like some flexibility. There is a clear preference for community mental health nurses being based in GP practices. Better liaison is required with all disciplines, and although the best relationship is with nurses, only a quarter regard it as good. Two-thirds want more GP counselling resources. The variation in the approaches of GPs is striking and mental health services should not impose a single working model on all GPs.
Integration of the clapeyron equation

Abstract The Clapeyron differential equation has been integrated in closed form using a relative S -function, one resulting from a vantage point situation that exists between an observer and chemical phenomena being measured. A preliminary explanation for the need of relativity in chemistry is based upon the possible existence of weak quanta that move at slower speeds than photons and phonons.
The market for bushmeat: Colobus Satanas on Bioko Island

Abstract Species conservation is an important issue worldwide. The market for monkeys consumed as food on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, is modeled as a bargaining game. The bargaining set-up leads to the conclusion that black colobus are being over-hunted. Using daily data an empirical density is fit to the price–quantity pairs resulting from exchange between buyers and retailers. The density provides support for the bargaining model. Quantile regressions are also fit to the data. The median quantile indicates buyers have greater bargaining power than retailers. Knowing who has bargaining power aids in the design of policy to reduce bushmeat hunting. Strategic elasticities are constructed from the quantiles. Given the harvest rate of monkeys and the elasticity estimates, the monkeys of Bioko Island are under considerable pressure.
The Ballets Russes and the Parisian Avant-Garde

Abstract “The Ballets Russes and the Parisian Avant-Garde” deals with the complex relationship between Diaghalev and the members of the Parisian avant-garde he commissioned to design sets and costumes for his productions after World War I. Despite their previous aesthetic radicalism, such artists as Gris and Derain were obliged to rein in their vanguard originality and produce work of surprising conservatism, at the urging of the impresario. Matisse attempted greater originality, but in an unsuccessful ballet. The only really avant-garde production sponsored by Diaghalev after the war was Parade, in which such luminaries as Picasso, Satie and Cocteau played a leading role. Yet ultimately, it was not Diaghalev but Rolf de Mare’s Ballet Suedois that created the most experimental productions involving dance: Relache and Entr’acte. Yet, in experimenting with new forms, de Mare, in effect, abandoned ballet for different forms of expression relying on cinematic techniques rather than classical dance.
Thermodynamic properties of binary mixtures containing ketones V. Excess enthalpies of an isomeric heptanone + n-heptane☆

Abstract Flow-calorimetric measurements of excess enthalpies at 298.15 K are reported for mixtures of 2-, 3-, and 4-heptanones with n -heptane. The results are compared with those calculated from a group-contribution model.
Raman Spectroscopy of the Reaction of Sodium Chloride with Nitric Acid: Sodium Nitrate Growth and Effect of Water Exposure

The reaction of powdered NaCl with HNO3 was studied using Raman spectroscopy. NaNO3 growth was monitored as a function of HNO3 exposure in a flow cell. Mode-specific changes in the NO3- vibrational mode intensities with HNO3 exposure suggest a rearrangement of the NaNO3 film with coverage. In the absence of H2O, intensities of NaNO3 bands increase with HNO3 exposure until a capping layer of NaNO3 forms. The capping layer prevents subsequent HNO3 from reacting with the underlying NaCl. H2O exposure of NaNO3-capped NaCl results in hydration of the surface to form an aqueous solution containing NaNO3 and NaCl. Further exposure results in the formation of a thicker surface-adsorbed H2O layer that is consistent with an aqueous NaNO3 and NaCl solution. Upon exposure of hydrated NaCl to HNO3, molecular HNO3 and solid-state NaNO3 are observed in the thin H2O film.
Ballistic aggregation on two-dimensional arrays of seeds with oblique incident flux: Growth model for amorphous Si on Si

Amorphous silicon (Si) structures on two-dimensional arrays of seeds on a Si substrate were experimentally prepared at near room temperature using a physical vapor deposition system with an $85\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ oblique incident flux. In the stationary deposition case where the substrate is fixed at a position, the Si on the seeds form a ballistic inclined fanlike structure with an initial cone shape and the fan size $R$ grows with time in a power law form ${t}^{p}$, where $p\ensuremath{\sim}1$. We show that with a swing rotation where the substrate is rotated back-and-forth azimuthally, the fan size grows slower $(pl1)$ relative to that of the stationary deposition case and then saturates at a size depending on the swing angle. We proposed a modified ballistic deposition model considering the ballistic sticking, shadowing, surface diffusion, and substrate rotation in a three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulator. The evolution of the fanlike structures at different deposition times was simulated for both stationary deposition and swing rotation. The growth of the fan size $R$ with time $t$ in simulations was quantitatively analyzed and the exponents $p\ensuremath{\sim}1.0$ and $p\ensuremath{\sim}0.46$ were extracted for the stationary deposition and the swing rotation, respectively. For stationary deposition, the exponent 1 does not change significantly with the strength of surface diffusion. However, the fan-out angle decreases with the increased strength of surface diffusion. For swing rotation, the reduced exponent 0.46 at the initial stages of growth is primarily due to the self-shadowing of the fan itself under rotation. At the later stages of growth, the saturation of the fan size produces uniform rods and is due to the global shadowing from the adjacent fan structures. The morphology and the exponent obtained from our simulations are consistent with our experimental observations.
Electron Spin Resonance and Electron Spin Echo Modulation Studies of Catalytic Ethylene Dimerization on Palladium-Exchanged Silicoaluminophosphate Type 5, 8, and 11 Molecular Sieves

Oxygen-pretreated, palladium-exchanged silicoaluminophosphate SAPO-11, SAPO-5, and SAPO-8 are catalytically active for ethylene dimerization. The catalytic activity of the silicoaluminophosphates is shown to be due to Pd(I) species and is greatly dependent on the large channel size of the supporting materials which vary from 10-ring (SAPO-11) to 12-ring (SAPO-5) to 14-ring (SAPO-8) sizes. The selectivity for the formation of n-butenes is influenced by the reaction temperature and the channel size, showing that lower temperatures and larger channel diameters favor n-butene formation. Electron spin resonance studies show isolated palladium(I) species A (g∥ = 2.963 and g⊥ = 2.141) and B (g∥ = 2.678 and g⊥ = 2.078) after activation in SAPO-5 and SAPO-11. In SAPO-8 only species A‘ (g∥ = 2.91 and g⊥ = 2.12) can be observed. After ethylene adsorption in all materials, species G (g∥ = 2.245 and g⊥ = 2.003) can be seen, which transforms to species H (g∥ = 2.421 and g⊥ = 2.033) and K (g∥ = 2.641 and g⊥ = 2.076) dur...
Measuring and Managing Radiologist Productivity, Part 2: Beyond the Clinical Numbers

Radiology practices endeavoring to measure physician productivity, identify and motivate performance outliers, and develop equitable management strategies and policies often encounter numerous challenges. Nonetheless, such efforts are often necessary, in both private and academic settings, for a variety of professional, financial, and personnel reasons. Part 1 of this series detailed metrics for evaluating radiologist productivity and reviewed published benchmarks, focusing on clinical work. This segment expands that discussion to evaluating nonclinical administrative and academic efforts, along with professionalism and quality, outlining advantages and disadvantages of addressing differential productivity, and introducing potential models for practices seeking to motivate physicians on the basis of both their clinical and nonclinical endeavors.
The Middle Devonian rugose coral Prismatophyllum conjunctum (Davis) and the age of the “Columbus” Limestone at Ingersoll, Ontario

Prismatophyllum conjunctum (Davis) is a craspedophyllid coral that has the growth form of Prismatophyllum and an Eridophyllum -like internal wall (aulos). This mixture of the characters of two distinct genera is interpreted as convergence because the aulos is independently developed in several stocks of corals. Specimens of P. conjunctum are not common but are known from four widely scattered sequences in Kentucky, Ohio, Ontario, and New York. These occurrences of approximately the same age, and other stratigraphic data, help resolve differing interpretations of the relationship of the central southwestern Ontario section to other Devonian sequences in eastern North America.
Elevated-Temperature Annealing Effects on AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures

The effect of high-temperature annealing of undoped AlGaN/GaN heterostructures on different substrates was systematically studied between 1100°C and 1230°C. An AlN spacer layer was found to add stability to structures on sapphire substrates. AlGaN/GaN heterostructures on SiC substrates demonstrated excellent robustness for the temperature range studied, maintaining their mobility, sheet resistance, and sheet concentration values, even after annealing. A silicon nitride, SiNx, capping layer was found to assist in minimizing surface roughness during annealing and maintaining the electrical characteristics of the heterostructures. AlGaN/GaN heterostructures on SiC substrates showed a 20% decrease in mobility for uncapped samples compared with SiNx-capped samples.
Compensated function in hypertrophied ventricles of Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats

Study objective – The aim of the study was to compare the compensatory nature of left ventricular hypertrophy in models of normal and increased peripheral resistance. Design – Peak left ventricular performance was compared in normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, in a subset of this strain with biventricular hypertrophy associated with volume overload (WKY-CH), and in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), all studied at one year of age (ie, long term hypertrophy). Subjects – 8 WKY-CH rats with biventricular hypertrophy were compared with 8 WKY (normal right and left ventricular weights). These groups were then compared with 9 SHR rats. All were maintained under identical conditions. Measurements and main results – Left ventricular to body weight ratios (mg:g) were as follows: WKY-CH 2.78(SEM 0.09); SHR 2.90(0.09); WKY 2.10(0.09). Systolic blood pressures (mm Hg) were normal in WKY-CH [104(9)] and WKY [111(9)], but raised in SHR [163(8)]. Left ventricles from WKY and WKY-CH had normal histology and no fibre disorientation, fibrosis, or other morphological abnormalities. Peak cardiac index (ml·min−1·body weight−1) measured during rapid volume expansion with Tyrode's solution was higher in WKY-CH \[427(33)] than in WKY [315(33)] and SHR [349(31)\] (p<0.05). When peak stroke volume was expressed per mg left ventricular weight there were no significant differences between the groups. Peripheral resistance (mean arterial pressure -cardiac output) at peak cardiac output was higher in SHR [1.20(0.12)] than in either WKY-CH [0.57(0.08)] or WKY [0.74(0.08)]. Conclusions – These data show that both types of hypertrophy enhance peak left ventricular performance. In WKY-CH, which have normal peripheral resistance, the larger ventricle allows a higher peak cardiac index compared to WKY with no left ventricular hypertrophy. In SHR, the higher left ventricular mass is used to overcome an increased peripheral resistance and thereby provide a normal peak cardiac index.
The University Library: Analysis and Proposals

The operation of the university library as a means to supply information is examined. It is shown that despite the increase in size of libraries, their standard of service is declining. Reasons for this decline are advanced. The strategic goals of the library are redefined with implications for the library's acquisition, shelving, and retention policies. A Bayesian approach is then developed for determining the information value of the library's resources. In contrast to other work in this field, stress is placed on user evaluation of the library's resources. The approach developed is applicable to decisions relating both to the acquisition of volumes and the maintenance of collections.
Ab Intio Based Potential Energy Surfaces and Franck-Condon Analysis of Ionization Thresholds of Cyclic-C3H and Linear-C3H†

We report a Franck-Condon analysis in reduced dimensionality of the ionization thresholds of linear(l)-C 3 H and cyclic(c)-C 3 H using MP2-based potential energy surfaces and CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ calculations of electronic energies at selected geometries. The potential energy surfaces are fits to tens of thousands of MP2/ aug-cc-pVTZ energies for the neutral and cation systems. These fits properly describe the invariance of the potential with respect to all permutations of the three C atoms. The realism of the potential surfaces is assessed by comparing stationary-point structures, energies, and normal-mode frequencies with previous high-level ab initio calculations. Several key vibrational modes in this ionization process are located at saddle points and so a numerical approach to obtain the Franck-Condon factors for those modes is done. On the basis of this analysis combined with a simple harmonic treatment of the energies of the remaining modes and key electronic energy differences obtained with CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ calculations, we find the threshold ionization energy of l-C 3 H to be 9.06 eV and for c-C 3 H we estimate the threshold to be in the range 9.70-9.76 eV. We estimate these values are accurate to within ±0.05 eV.
Phosphorylation of the GABAA receptor by cAMP-dependent protein kinase and by protein kinase C: Analysis of the substrate domain

Previous work has shown that the GABAA-receptor (GABAA-R) could be phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), and a receptor associated kinase. However, no clear picture has yet emerged concerning the particular subunit subtypes of the GABAA-R that were phosphorylated by PKA and PKC. In the present report we show that an antibody raised against a 23 amino acid polypeptide corresponding to a sequence in the putative intracellular loop of the β1 subunit of the receptor blocks the in vitro phosphorylation of the purified receptor by PKA and PKC. Moreover, N-terminal sequence analysis of the principal phosphopeptide fragment obtained after proteolysis of the receptor yielded a sequence that corresponds to the β3 subunit of the receptor. Such data provide additional support for our hypothesis (Browning et al., 1990, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:1315–1317) that both PKA and PKC phosphorylate the β-subunit of the GABAA-R.
THE RIGHT TO REFUSE PSYCHIATRIC TREATMENT

The right to refuse psychiatric treatment has become an important clinical and legal issue in the last twenty-five years. This article briefly reviews the clinical, administrative, and legal aspects of the right to refuse psychiatric treatment, especially medication. Emphasis is placed on the clinical issues including the reasons for treatment refusals, and the management of treatment refusal. Empirical data are provided to illustrate the rights driven and treatment driven models of involuntary psychotropic medication administration.
Neuroendovascular Management of Carotid Cavernous Fistulae

Carotid-cavernous fistulae are abnormal arterial communications within the cavernous sinus. Endovascular obliteration is the mainstay therapy for the definitive treatment of these lesions. Several approaches have been described. These include transarterial or transvenous embolization with balloons, coils, particles, or covered stents, and arterial sacrifice. The preferred technique is based on the fistula type (direct or indirect), microanatomy, chronicity, and the extent of the arterial defect.
Effect of Inhaled Carbon Dioxide in Rheumatoid (Atrophic) Arthritis

SummaryA transient, small but measurable and significant decrease in limitation to motion was observed in 10 persons with atrophic arthritis following inhalation of 10 to 15% CO2 (in O2) for a length of time (2 to 5 min) sufficient to induce a feeling of warmth and breathlessness. An equivalently definite and regularly elicited effect was not observed in 10 additional persons with limitations due to conditions (osteoarthritis, fibrositis, etc.) not classifiable as atrophic arthritis. Transient decrease in sensitivity to cold and in susceptibility to histamine was observed in rabbits during inhalation of CO2 in O2.
Computing multigroup radiation integrals using polylogarithm-based methods

Abstract A new method is derived that is effective in calculating multigroup radiation integrals, i.e., the multigroup Planck spectrum and its derivatives with respect to temperature. This new, polylogarithm-based, method is actually a set of methods that can be made arbitrarily accurate. The accuracy and speed of the new methods are compared with three methods based on: a rational polynomial fit, interpolation in tabular data, and a simple numerical integration scheme. The polylogarithm-based methods are unsurpassed in accuracy, and their execution speed is competitive with the fastest methods tested. In addition, the multigroup integrals that are calculated using the new methods have some desirable properties—proper normalization, positivity, and continuity—that do not all exist in any one of the other methods.
A simple estimator for nonlinear error in variable models

We propose a simple estimator for nonlinear method of moment models with measurement error of the classical type when no additional data, such as validation data or double measurements, are available. We assume that the marginal distributions of the measurement errors are Laplace (double exponential) with zero means and unknown variances and the measurement errors are independent of the latent variables and are independent of each other. Under these assumptions, we derive simple revised moment conditions in terms of the observed variables. They are used to make inference about the model parameters and the variance of the measurement error. The results of this paper show that the distributional assumption on the measurement errors can be used to point identify the parameters of interest. Our estimator is a parametric method of moments estimator that uses the revised moment conditions and hence is simple to compute. Our estimation method is particularly useful in situations where no additional data are available, which is the case in many economic data sets. Simulation study demonstrates good finite sample properties of our proposed estimator. We also examine the performance of the estimator in the case where the error distribution is misspecified.
Reducing Hospital Readmission Rates: Current Strategies and Future Directions

New financial penalties for institutions with high readmission rates have intensified efforts to reduce rehospitalization. Several interventions that involve multiple components (e.g., patient needs assessment, medication reconciliation, patient education, arranging timely outpatient appointments, and providing telephone follow-up) have successfully reduced readmission rates for patients discharged to home. The effect of interventions on readmission rates is related to the number of components implemented; single-component interventions are unlikely to reduce readmissions significantly. For patients discharged to postacute care facilities, multicomponent interventions have reduced readmissions through enhanced communication, medication safety, advanced care planning, and enhanced training to manage medical conditions that commonly precipitate readmission. To help hospitals direct resources and services to patients with greater likelihood of readmission, risk-stratification methods are available. Future work should better define the roles of home-based services, information technology, mental health care, caregiver support, community partnerships, and new transitional care personnel.
Elimination of defective alpha-factor pheromone receptors

This report compares trafficking routes of a plasma membrane protein that was misfolded either during its synthesis or after it had reached the cell surface. A temperature-sensitive mutant form of the yeast alpha-factor pheromone receptor (ste2-3) was found to provide a model substrate for quality control of plasma membrane proteins. We show for the first time that a misfolded membrane protein is recognized at the cell surface and rapidly removed. When the ste2-3 mutant cells were cultured continuously at 34 degrees C, the mutant receptor protein (Ste2-3p) failed to accumulate at the plasma membrane and was degraded with a half-life of 4 min, compared with a half-life of 33 min for wild-type receptor protein (Ste2p). Degradation of both Ste2-3p and Ste2p required the vacuolar proteolytic activities controlled by the PEP4 gene. At 34 degrees C, Ste2-3p comigrated with glycosylated Ste2p on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating that Ste2-3p enters the secretory pathway. Degradation of Ste2-3p did not require delivery to the plasma membrane as the sec1 mutation failed to block rapid turnover. Truncation of the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of the mutant receptors did not permit accumulation at the plasma membrane; thus, the endocytic signals contained in this domain are unnecessary for intracellular retention. In the pep4 mutant, Ste2-3p accumulated as series of high-molecular-weight species, suggesting a potential role for ubiquitin in the elimination process. When ste2-3 mutant cells were cultured continuously at 22 degrees C, Ste2-3p accumulated in the plasma membrane. When the 22 degrees C culture was shifted to 34 degrees C, Ste2-3p was removed from the plasma membrane and degraded by a PEP4-dependent mechanism with a 24-min half-life; the wild-type Ste2p displayed a 72-min half-life. Thus, structural defects in Ste2-3p synthesized at 34 degrees C are recognized in transit to the plasma membrane, leading to rapid degradation, and Ste2-3p that is preassembled at the plasma membrane is also removed and degraded following a shift to 34 degrees C.
Acute Respiratory Effects on Workers Exposed to Metalworking Fluid Aerosols in an Automotive Transmission Plant

Exposure to metalworking fluids has been linked to modest cross-shift reductions in FEV 1 and occupational asthma. To identify responsible agents, we measured personal exposures to thoracic particulate (TP), viable plus nonviable thoracic bacteria (BAC), and vapor phase nicotine (VPN) (as a surrogate for tobacco particulate) among 83 machinists exposed to soluble oils and 46 dry assemblers working in an automotive transmission machining plant using biocides infrequently. The participants completed interviews and performed pre- and postshift spirometry on Monday and Thursday of the same week in each of three rounds of data collection (June 1992, January 1993, June 1993). Generalized estimating equations were used to combine information across rounds in multiple regression models of cross-shift and cross-week changes in forced expiratory volume, 1 second (FEV 1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Mean seniority was 19 years among machinists. Mean personal TP levels were 0.41 mg/m 3 in machinists and 0.13 mg/m 3 in assemblers. Six of the 83 machinists and none of the 46 assemblers experienced a greater than 19% cross-shift decrement in FEV 1 or FVC at least once (p 5.07). In regression models using either TP or BAC, among subjects with lower baseline (Monday preshift) FEV 1/FVC ratios, increasing exposure was significantly associated with increasing cross-shift decrements in FEV 1 and FVC in linear models, and with increased likelihood of a 10% or greater cross-shift decrement in FEV 1 or FVC in logistic models. Adjustment of TP for VPN did not affect models significantly. We conclude that clinically important cross-shift decrements in pulmonary function are associated with exposure to metalworking fluid aerosols within a high-seniority population.Am. J. Ind. Med. 31:510‐524, 1997. r 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Micromachined planar inductors on silicon wafers for MEMS applications

This paper describes three micromachined planar inductors (a spiral type, a solenoid type, and a toroidal meander type) with electroplated nickel-iron permalloy cores which have been realized on a silicon wafer using micromachining techniques. The electrical properties among the fabricated inductors are compared and the related fabrication issues are discussed, with emphasis on the low-temperature CMOS-compatible process, the high current-carrying capacity, the high magnetic flux density, the closed magnetic circuits, and the low product cost. The micromachined on-chip inductors can be applied for magnetic microelectromechanical systems devices, such as micromotors, microactuators, microsensors, and integrated power converters, which envisages new micropower magnetics on a chip with integrated circuits.
Differences in Alzheimer disease clinical trial outcomes based on age of the participants

Objective: We tested the a priori hypothesis that older participants differ in rates of decline on cognitive outcomes compared with younger participants, and examined the potential effect of age distributions on individual clinical trial outcomes. Methods: From a meta-database of 18 studies from the Alzheimer9s Disease Cooperative Study and the Alzheimer9s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, we included a cohort of 2,793 participants for whom there were baseline demographic data and at least one postbaseline cognitive assessment on the Alzheimer9s Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog), Clinical Dementia Rating–Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB), or Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We used mixed-effects models (random coefficient models) to estimate change on the outcomes across 7 age groups ranging from younger than 61 years to older than 85 years after adjusting for education. Results: Significant worsening occurred in all age groups on all outcomes over time. The 4 older groups, aged 71 years and older, showed slower rates of decline on the ADAS-cog than the younger groups ( p = 0.001). The older groups scored 2–3, 2–5, and 4–6 points better than the younger groups at 12, 18, and 24 months, respectively. There were similar differences across age groups for the MMSE, but not for the CDR-SB. Conclusions: The differences in change on the ADAS-cog between older and younger participants are substantially greater than differences expected between experimental drugs and placebo in current trials or differences between marketed cholinesterase inhibitors and placebo. The clinical interpretation of change on the ADAS-cog or MMSE differs depending on age. Until predictors of decline are better understood, considering effects of age on rates of change is particularly important regarding clinical practice and outcomes of trials.
Evolutionary instability of zero-determinant strategies demonstrates that winning is not everything.

In iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma games, zero-determinant strategies are able to define the opponent’s payoff regardless of the opponent’s strategy. Here the authors show that zero-determinant strategies are not evolutionary stable in adapting populations, and instead evolve into non-coercive strategies.
Estar to SMOS: Development of interferometric radiometry for remote sensing from space

ESTAR is an L-band radiometer that employs synthesis (interferometry) to obtain resolution in the across track dimension. It was designed as an aircraft prototype to demonstrate the technology of aperture synthesis for remote sensing of the earth from space. ESTAR was successful in several soil moisture and ocean salinity remote sensing experiments and demonstrated the potential of aperture synthesis for remote sensing. Among the lessons learned during the development of ESTAR are the scene dependence of calibration, that RFI is a problem, and the robustness of noise injection for the zero spacing radiometer. ESTAR was the first step in a path toward realizing aperture synthesis technology in space (e.g. SMOS). ESTAR was followed by a new instrument, 2D-STAR, which employs synthesis in both dimensions. 2D-STAR was tested in 2002 and participated in the SMEX field campaigns in 2003 and 2004.
The thermal conductivity of nickel and copper dispersed in poly(vinyl chloride)

The thermal conductivity of segregated distributions of poly (vinyl chloride)/nickel (PVC/Ni) and poly(vinyl chloride)/copper (PVC/Cu) was measured for volume fractions ranging from 0 to 0.15. The thermal conductivities increased from 0.15 Btu/hr ft °F for unmodified PVC to 2.79 Btu/hr ft °F for PVC/15 percent Cu. While the thermal conductivity increased smoothly with volume loading, the electrical resistivity decreased discontinuously over fifteen orders of magnitude. Using the parallel slab model as a basis, a semi-empirical model was deduced which described the thermal conductivity as a function of volume loading. With this work, a survey of the thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of segregated PVC composites is complete.
Rare variant APOC3 R19X is associated with cardio-protective profiles in a diverse population-based survey as part of the Epidemiologic Architecture for Genes Linked to Environment Study.

Background— A founder mutation was recently discovered and described as conferring favorable lipid profiles and reduced subclinical atherosclerotic disease in a Pennsylvania Amish population. Preliminary data have suggested that this null mutation APOC3 R19X (rs76353203) is rare in the general population. Methods and Results— To better describe the frequency and lipid profile in the general population, we as part of the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology I Study and the Epidemiological Architecture for Genes Linked to Environment Study genotyped rs76353203 in 1113 Amish participants from Ohio and Indiana and 19 613 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES III, 1999 to 2002, and 2007 to 2008). We found no carriers among the Ohio and Indiana Amish. Of the 19 613 NHANES participants, we identified 31 participants carrying the 19X allele, for an overall allele frequency of 0.08%. Among fasting adults, the 19X allele was associated with lower triglycerides (n=7603; β=−71.20; P =0.007) and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (n=8891; β=15.65; P =0.0002) and, although not significant, lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (n=6502; β= -4.85; P =0.68) after adjustment for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. On average, 19X allele participants had approximately half the triglyceride levels (geometric means, 51.3 to 69.7 versus 134.6 to 141.3 mg/dL), >20% higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (geometric means, 56.8 to 74.4 versus 50.38 to 53.36 mg/dL), and lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (geometric means, 104.5 to 128.6 versus 116.1 to 125.7 mg/dL) compared with noncarrier participants. Conclusions— These data demonstrate that APOC3 19X exists in the general US population in multiple racial/ethnic groups and is associated with cardio-protective lipid profiles.
A Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Flexible Micro Air Vehicle Wing Deformation

A class of micro air vehicles (MAVs), developed at the University of Florida, implements a flexible-wing approach as a viable method for dealing with environmental disturbances such as wind gusts. This paper investigates the steady-state deflection field across a membrane wing. Experimental results are found using a low-speed wind tunnel in conjunction with a visual image correlation system. Numerical models are also formulated, consisting of the first iteration of a fluid-structure interaction problem. The pressure redistribution corresponding to the wing’s change in shape can be ignored for small deformations. The computational results from this single iteration are compared to the experimental deformation field, with good correlation between the two through a range of flight conditions.