cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous motor and verbal processing of visual information in a modified Stroop test.

Color patches could simultaneously be manually counted and conflicting color words named in the time required for one of the tasks alone. The independence of verbal and nonverbal information processing resembles “split-brain” behavior. Naming color patches while counting color words took more time than would have been required for doing the individual tasks successively, indicating response competition in the standard Stroop test. Form or location stimuli substituted for color words reduced interference when naming color patches.
Long-lived eddies in the laboratory and in the atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn

The Great Red Spot (GRS), the three White Ovals, and other long-lived anticyclonic eddies in Jupiter's atmosphere might be dynamically similar1 to the closed, stable baroclinic eddies that were first discovered in laboratory studies of thermal convection in a rotating fluid subject to internal heating and sidewall cooling2,3. We outline here results of new laboratory and numerical experiments on the structure, energetics and stability of such eddies, which strongly support the suggestion that these laboratory and atmospheric flows (including similar eddies found on Saturn4) might all be manifestations of the same dynamical process—‘sloping’ or ‘slantwise’ convection. Included in our numerical experiments are cases with internal cooling and sidewall heating, in which stable baroclinic eddies with a cyclonic peripheral jet stream at upper levels surrounding a region of slow descent have been produced and studied. We suggest that these cyclonic eddies are dynamically similar to the ‘barges’ observed in Jupiter's Tropical and Temperate Belts5.
Evaluation of new single, oblique chest lead for the rapid screening of electrocardiographic abnormalities in large populations

Abstract Single, oblique chest-lead electrocardiograms from 996 subjects have been compared with standard electrocardiograms in order to test the efficiency of the single lead as a screening technique. Tracings were obtained from hospital patients, small selected groups of subjects, and a large institutional population. The oblique chest lead was effective in demonstrating myocardial infarction, left ventricular hypertrophy, arrhythmias, atrioventricular and bundle branch block, atrial hypertrophy, and primary T-wave changes. Its over-all specificity was 87 per cent, with a sensitivity of 83 per cent in the initial studies. With further experience, sensitivity and specificity rates of about 90 per cent were obtained. The use of the single, oblique chest-lead electrocardiogram is an effective, practical, and rapid screening procedure applicable to the study of mass population. With this technique, 30 to 50 subjects can be screened hourly.
Optical second-harmonic electroreflectance from Ag(111).

We have used an electrochemical sample chamber to modulate the surface charge of Ag(111) in spectral measurements (over a range of the incident photon energy from 1.4 to 2.23 eV) of the isotropic contribution to the second-harmonic reflectance. When the charge modulation was positive, and the harmonic energy was below the onset for interband transitions, the results compared favorably with a previously published prediction of the same phenomenon which was based upon time-dependent local-density-functional theory for jellium having the same bulk electron density as Ag. The correlation between this theory and our experiment was poor for negative charge modulation. However, this was not unexpected, since the jellium model makes no allowance for the influence of the {ital d} bands. We have tentatively assigned a localized feature in the spectrum for negative charge modulation, which appears at a harmonic energy of 3.4 eV, as a two-photon resonance involving crystal-potential and image-potential surface states.
Effects of alternative selenium and sulfur sources on dimethylselenide production by two fungi isolated from natural systems.

Experiments were performed in order to evaluate factors which restrict the methylation of selenium by Penicillium strain F and Fusarium strain A. As selenium and sulfur are similar chemically and both are present in soil, an appraisal was made of the effects of different sulfur and selenium compounds on growth and dimethylselenide production by these two fungi. The two fungi were chosen because they represent the total range of the inhibitory effects of high selenate concentrations. Growth of Penicillium strain F was severely inhibited, while the effect on Fusarium strain A was not as great. By comparison, the same selenite concentrations inhibited growth of these organisms by a maximum of 30%. 5 references, 4 tables.
Hope in Biblical Eschatology and In Process Theology

HIS essay will explore the relation between philosophy and theology as shown in a specific theme: the function and truth of hope. Theology is here to be reflection on and clarification of the reality-shaping commitments of a believing community; philosophy the attempt to form a coherent understanding of the most general properties of what can be known. Concretely, the fruitfulness of process-philosophical categories for a contemporary understanding of New Testament forms of hope will be the topic. In presenting hope in the New Testament, attention will be given to the intellectual and mythological forms in which hope is expressed, but the paper will try to explicate hope in terms of the human structures of response to which the mythological forms correlate; in this sense the phenomenology of hope will be a mediating tool between hope as expressed in the New Testament and its modern interpretation.
Coulomb scattering of fast electrons

In a previous paper, a simple solution to the Dirac Coulomb equation has been obtained containing only one term of a confluent hypergeometric function for each component. This solution is now used to obtain an exact expression for the phase shift of relativistic electrons in Coulomb scattering, in complete accordance with the corresponding nonrelativistic case where the Schroedinger equation is used. Though the expression for the phase shift differs slightly from that of Mott, the resulting scattering cross section, to second order in ..cap alpha..Z and ..cap alpha..Z/..beta.., is the same as the one obtained correctly by McKinley and Feshbach. The asymmetry in double scattering is in agreement with Mott.
Nonparametric rank based main effects test procedures for the two-way layout in the presence of interaction

In spite of an extensive literature dealing with rank approaches to testing for main effects when an additive model is assumed, virtually no consideration has been given to developing nonparametric main effects test procedures that adjust for the possible presence of interaction in a non-additive model. This problem has been briefly discussed in Iman (1974), but has otherwise been ignored in the literature. In this paper, we approach the two-way layout setting through an arbitrary non-additive model. We propose a technique for adjusting the data to account for the possible presence of interaction prior to conducting a rank test for either of the main effects. These adjustments involve both alignment and ranking of the data and utilize the basic properties of Latin squares. We discuss the results of a Monte Carlo simulation study of the relative powers of this new procedure and other nonparametric procedures designed only for an additive model.
X-Ray Microprobe of Orbital Alignment in Strong-Field Ionized Atoms

We have developed a synchrotron-based, time-resolved x-ray microprobe to investigate optical strong-field processes at intermediate intensities (10(14) - 10(15) W/cm2). This quantum-state specific probe has enabled the direct observation of orbital alignment in the residual ion produced by strong-field ionization of krypton atoms via resonant, polarized x-ray absorption. We found strong alignment to persist for a period long compared to the spin-orbit coupling time scale (6.2 fs). The observed degree of alignment can be explained by models that incorporate spin-orbit coupling. The methodology is applicable to a wide range of problems.
Nested head-tail Vlasov solver

Nested head-tail is a Vlasov solver for transverse oscillations in multibunch beams. It takes into account azimuthal, radial, coupled-bunch, and beam-beam degrees of freedom affected by arbitrary dipole wakes, feedback damper,beam-beam effects and Landau damping.
The implications of natural language structure on the control of intelligent robotic systems

Abstract Control theory focuses on the means by which arbitrary controlling signals adjust and maintain performances of arbitrary systems. Any developments, then, that would qualitatively change the variety of controlling signals available or the mechanics for using these signals to effect control, would be of great interest to the field. This paper describes the prototype of a natural language control system that can make just such changes, a system that accepts ordinary English sentences as control input for a robotic manipulator and transforms the input into performance. The development of this system has proven to be a difficult enterprise, to some extent due to the differences between human and robotic hardware: natural language has evolved to support communication among beings of a hardware design different than that of robots. It has required the specification of a new model of natural language, named Residential Grammar, that embodies concise descriptions of syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic know...
Electrophoretic patterns of certain proteins in caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona).

Abstract 1. 1. A maximum of 15 loci from five genera of caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona or Apoda) were examined. Species include Ichthyophis glutinosus, Geotrypetes seraphini, Caecilia occidentalis, Gymnopis multiplicata , and Dermophis mexicanus . 2. 2. The data indicate that Ichthyophis (family Ichthyophiidae) is less closely related than are the other genera (members of the family Caeciliidae). Dermophis and Gymnopis , which on other grounds are considered closely related, are no more similar to each other than are other caeciliid genera.
Transient finite element analysis of thermal methods used to estimate SAR and blood flow in homogeneously and nonhomogeneously perfused tumour models.

A two-dimensional time-dependent finite element model was developed to evaluate thermal techniques for estimating blood flow and specific absorption rate (SAR). In these computer simulations, homogeneously and nonhomogeneously perfused tumour models were heated by a 915 MHz interstitial microwave antenna array. Representative blood flow values were assigned within the tumour, and the applied SAR distribution was based on a previously developed antenna theory. SAR values were estimated from the power-on transient temperatures, and blood flow values were estimated from thermal clearance data after power was discontinued. These estimated parameters were then compared to the known ‘true’ blood flow and SAR values throughout the treatment region. SAR values could be predicted with reasonable accuracy throughout most of the heated region independent of local blood flow. For a homogeneous model, thermal clearance was found to yield reasonably accurate blood flow estimates at high perfusion rates and less accurat...
Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM): From Paradigm Lost to Paradigm Regained?*

Because trade-offs (Pareto optimal, non-dominated or efcient sets) are not properties of criteria or objectives, but of sets of feasible alternatives, the proper task of decision making is to work on designing proper sets of alternatives rather than assuming them to bexed and given a priori . In fact, decision making takes place only when multiple criteria and trade-offs are present. All the rest (single criteria, aggregates or utilities) are simply analysis, measurement and search, not decision making. Similarly, optimization must involve design of the conguration or 'shape ' of sets of alternatives because no given and xed system can be optimized. Traditional 'optimization ' is therefore measurement and search, or just computation. Anything given andxed a priori cannot be optimized. Multiple criteria or objectives can never be con icting per se because their properties emerge only when applied to different sets of alternatives. Criteria are only 'measure tapes ' and no trade-offs can exist among them. Because decision making is incompatible with a single criterion, all decision making involves multiple criteria: thus, Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) becomes a redundant designation. These and similar insights and conclusions call for MCDM paradigm re-assessment: is it about decision making , or about analysis, measurement and search (explication) through computation? Eight different concepts of optimality are presented, as well as theories and models of trade-offs elimination, con ict dissolution, optimal system design, de novo programming, theoryofthe displaced ideal andother advances related tofeasible setoptimal re-designand re-conguration.Copyright #2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simulation study of optical burst switching and access protocols for WDM ring networks

We consider a wavelength division multiplexing metro ring architecture with optical burst switching. The ring consists of N nodes, and each node owns a home wavelength on which it transmits its bursts. The ring operates under the fixed transmitter tunable receiver scheme. Control information is transmitted on a separate control channel. Five different burst switching access protocols are proposed, and their performance and fairness is evaluated by simulation.
The Relationship Between Work Engagement and Performance: A Review of Empirical Literature and a Proposed Research Agenda

Engagement has been defined in a variety of ways. Engagement in the workplace generally is viewed as a positive, fulfilling, affective-motivational state of work-related well-being. Due to its structural relationship between antecedents (e.g., job resources and personal resources) and consequences (e.g., performance and turnover intention), work engagement has been receiving considerable attention from both scholars and practitioners in the fields of human resource development (HRD), organization development (OD), psychology, and business. In spite of this popularity, there is a scarcity of empirical research on work engagement in the academic literature. The relationship between work engagement and performance, in particular, is deserving of attention given our field’s focus on performance improvement. In this article, we review and analyze relevant research and then propose a research agenda to guide future research on this topic. Conclusions and implications for HRD and OD are discussed.
Target detection in one visual field in the presence or absence of stimuli in the contralateral field by right- and left-handed subjects.

Abstract Marked differences in detectability are observed as a function of retinal locus when subjects are required to find a briefly exposed target pattern of uncertain location in the presence of a number of discriminably different nontarget patterns. Our previous studies using this search paradigm have attributed these detectability differences, and the right visual field detectability superiority associated with them, to a serial (scanning) mechanism which tends to examine stimuli in the right field earlier than those in the left. The present experiment, performed on large groups of right- and left-handed subjects, was designed to test the hypothesis that there are two independent serial processors, one in each hemisphere—an hypothesis which might account for the differences in detectability within and between the two half-fields in terms of hemispheric processing differences. The results are inconsistent with the dual independent serial processor hypothesis but are fully consistent with a single serial processor, a scanning mechanism, which has access to the information presented to both visual half-fields.
DISTANCE, INFORMATION FLOWS, AND MODERNIZATION: SOME OBSERVATIONS FROM WEST MALAYSIA∗

(1973). DISTANCE, INFORMATION FLOWS, AND MODERNIZATION: SOME OBSERVATIONS FROM WEST MALAYSIA. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 7-11.
Optimizing color matching in a lighting reproduction system for complex subject and illuminant spectra

This paper presents a technique for improving color matching results in an LED-based lighting reproduction system for complex light source spectra. In our technique, we use measurements of the spectral response curve of the camera system as well as one or more spectral reflectance measurements of the illuminated object to optimize the color matching. We demonstrate our technique using two LED-based light sources: an off-the-shelf 3-channel RGB LED light source and a custom-built 9-channel multi-spectral LED light source. We use our technique to reproduce complex lighting spectra including both fluorescent and tungsten illumination using a Macbeth color checker chart and a human face as test subjects. We show that by using knowledge of the camera spectral response and/or the spectral reflectance of the subjects that we can significantly improve the accuracy of the color matching using either the 3-channel or the 9-channel light, achieving acceptable matches for the 3-channel source and very close matches for the multi-spectral 9-channel source.
Endothelin receptor blockade in the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension: Selective and dual antagonism

Various treatments approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) target three of the many pathways implicated in the development of PAH: prostacyclin-, endothelin-1 (ET-1)-, and nitric oxide-mediated pathways. The objectives of this manuscript are to provide background information on the role of ET-1 in the pathogenesis of PAH, to provide theoretical considerations for the advantages and disadvantages of dual vs single endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) for the management of PAH, and to describe the clinical study results from randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials for the various ERAs. ET receptors (ET(A) and ET(B)) have different densities and distributions throughout the body and are dynamically regulated, such that blockade of ET(A) and ET(B) receptors may have different results in normal vs pathological conditions. Although differences in biological effects can be found in studies of isolated cells, blood vessels and animal models, clinical treatment studies have not identified clear differences in efficacy among the various ERAs. The main differences appear to be in safety profiles, with a greater frequency of serum liver function abnormalities occurring with the available dual ET(A)/ET(B) antagonist, and possibly higher rates of peripheral edema noted with selective ET(A) agents. Head-to-head studies will be necessary to resolve the question of whether single vs dual blockade produces better clinical results with fewer side effects in patients with PAH.
Differential Effects of Deoxyribonucleotides on Respiration of Virulent Pneumococci

Firshein, William (Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn.), Robert J. Erickson, and Bernadette A. Gargan. Differential effects of deoxyribonucleotides on respiration of virulent pneumococci. J. Bacteriol. 92: 1645–1654. 1966.—Four naturally occurring deoxyribonucleotides affect respiration in three virulent pneumococcal types ( Diplococcus pneumoniae ) differentially. Deoxyadenylic acid (dAMP) stimulates respiration in type I and slightly stimulates respiration in type III, but has no effect in type II. Deoxyguanylic acid (dGMP) stimulates respiration in type I, inhibits respiration in type II, and has no effect in type III. Thymidylic acid (dTMP) inhibits respiration of type I, but is stimulatory in types II and III. Deoxycytidylic acid (dCMP) inhibits respiration of all three pneumococcal types. Of a large number of related compounds, including many of the naturally occurring deoxynucleosides, nucleosides, nucleotides, purines, and pyrimidines, thymidine is slightly effective in types II and III, and deoxycytidine is slightly inhibitory in all three types. None of the remaining compounds affects respiration significantly. With a few exceptions, there is a correlation between the extent of uptake of each deoxynucleotide in the three types and their ability to stimulate (or inhibit) respiration. The greater the uptake, the greater the enhancement of respiration. The less uptake, the greater the inhibition of respiration. In cell-free extracts of type I, dAMP also stimulates the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic acid. During this reaction, dAMP is phosphorylated to deoxyadenosine diphosphate (dADP) and to deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP).
Efficacy and duration of antistaphylococcal activity comparing three antibiotics bonded to Dacron vascular grafts with a collagen release system

Abstract Type 1 collagen, minimally cross-linked, was used to bind one of three antibiotics (amikacin, chloramphenicol, or rifampin) to double-velour Dacron grafts to develop a prosthesis resistant to infection. Six millimeter disks of graft were placed in separate flasks (specific for each antibiotic) containing albumin in saline and continuously agitated. At daily intervals the solution was changed, and paired graft samples were removed and placed on a blood agar plate confluently streaked with bacteria. The initial zone of inhibition (centimeters squared), the time to 50% reduction of initial inhibition zone, and the overall duration of antibacterial activity were recorded on an exponential model. Grafts bonded with amikacin and chloramphenicol had an overall duration of activity of only 2 and 1 day, respectively, against Staphylococcus aureus. The collagen bonded rifampin grafts had an initial zone of 14.76 cm, 2 took 3.92 days to reach 50% of initial inhibition, and had an overall duration of activity of 22.4 days. This was significantly better than grafts preclotted with 1.0 ml of rifampin (60 mg/ml) and 9 ml of blood (10.92 cm, 2 1.06 days, and 5.6 days). When tested against a slime-producing Staphylococcus epidermidis (American Type Culture Collection No. 35983), the graft bonded with rifampin had inhibitory activity of up to 27.77 days with a 50% of activity eluted at 4.78 days, significantly better than the preclotted rifampin graft without collagen bonding. These data suggest that rifampin bonded by collagen can protect a vascular graft against infection from S. aureus and S. epidermidis for up to 3 weeks after implantation. (J VASC SURG 1991;13:897-901.)
The question of cumulation of digoxin metabolites in renal failure.

Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to separate digoxin from its metabolites digoxigenin, digoxigenin-bis-digitoxoside, and digoxigenin-mono-digitoxoside with subsequent quantitation by 125I radioimmunoassay (RIA), we examined the plasma of patients on long-term oral digoxin therapy. Digoxin was also measured by RIA without prior HPLC separation. Nine patients requiring maintenance dialysis and 9 subjects with lesser degrees of renal impairment were studied. Trace amounts of I or more of the digoxin metabolites were found in the plasma of all dialysis patients while subjects with lesser degrees of renal failure had either none or only 1 metabolite in trace amounts. The ratio of HPLC digoxin to digoxin without HPLC was 0.83 ± 0.12 (SD) in renal failure patients and 1.06 ± 0.09 in subjects with renal function (p < 0.01). RIA overestimates the amount of digoxin in plasma of renal failure patients and in them from 6% to 42% of plasma digoxin, as determined by conventional 125I RIA, may represent compounds other than digoxin. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1980) 27, 219–223; doi:10.1038/clpt.1980.34
Campbellton Sequence, Manganiferous Beds Adjoining the Dunnage Melange, Northeastern Newfoundland

The Campbellton sequence of probable Cambrian and early Ordovican age lies south of the Loon Bay batholith, which intrudes the Dunnage Melange on the north. The Loon Harbour Formation at the base of the sequence consists of hundreds or thousands of meters of volcanic rocks. The succeeding Luscombe Formation, 300 m thick, consists of siliceous argillite with 50 m of manganiferous argillite near its base. The succeeding Riding Island Graywacke is 1,000 m thick. The origin of the sequence is compatible with the hypothesis that the ocean floor of the Protacadic. Ocean was subducted in the Dunnage Melange.
Decentralized Estimation for Cooperative Phantom Track Generation

A decentralized estimation-decision strategy is derived for a team of electronic combat air vehicles (ECAVs) deceiving a network of radars. For the deception, a phantom target track is cooperatively generated by each ECAV applying range delay on the individual radar pulses. To continuously obtain a feasible phantom track, the team must tightly coordinate the phantom’s trajectory so as not to violate any of the system constraints. The coordination is performed by a decentralized decision process for which each ECAV periodically transmits its constraints on feasible tracks. To perform the decision process with minimal communication between the ECAVs, a decentralized estimation algorithm is proposed where each ECAV continuously estimates the states of its teammates and their respective radar position based on their individual transmitted constraints. Thus, all the information obtained in the individual messages is extracted and group coordination is obtained. Moreover, if there are gaps in communication the team coordination can be maintained. Simulation results confirm the viability of the proposed decentralized estimation-decision team strategy.
A Comparative Analysis of the "Holding Power" of General and Exceptional Education Programs

Exceptional education programs contain many of the characteristics associated with effective dropout-prevention programs. However, little is known about the effectiveness of exceptional education as a dropout-prevention program. This article presents the results of a comparative study of the “holding power” of a large school district's general education program and the holding power of the following exceptional education programs: specific learning disabilities (SLD), emotionally handicapped (EH), educable mentally handicapped (EMH), and gifted. An ex post facto design was used, and data were obtained from the computer records of 8,800 tenth-grade students. Data analyses revealed significant differences between the holding power of the general program and the SLD and gifted programs. Suggestions for strengthening the holding power of exceptional education programs and directions for future research are included.
Improved access point selection

This paper presents Virgil, an automatic access point discovery and selection system. Unlike existing systems that select access points based entirely on received signal strength, Virgil scans for all available APs at a location, quickly associates to each, and runs a battery of tests to estimate the quality of each AP's connection to the Internet. Virgil also probes for blocked or redirected ports, to guide AP selection in favor of preserving application services that are currently in use. Results of our evaluation across five neighborhoods in three cities show Virgil finds a usable connection from 22% to 100% more often than selecting based on signal strength alone. By caching AP test results, Virgil both improves performance and success rate. Our overhead is acceptable and is shown to be faster than manually selecting an AP with Windows XP.
Applying Creativity Research to Cooking.

What, if any, benefit might there be to applying creativity research to cooking? The purpose of this paper was to address this question. Specifically, we draw on concepts and theories from creativity research to help clarify what is meant by creative cooking. This includes exploring creative cooking through the lens of the 4-C and Propulsion models of creativity. We close with a brief discussion of why applying creativity research to cooking is both beneficial and an area in need of further work.
DWI Sentencing in the United States: Toward Promising Punishment Alternatives in Texas

In recent decades, the dangers of driving while intoxicated (DWI) have received extensive attention. Despite the many efforts aimed at reducing DWI incidents, the rates have largely remained unchanged. The current study examines recidivism rates of three different sentencing options given to first-time DWI offenders in Tarrant County, Texas. Tarrant County courts allow first-time DWI offenders to choose between the three options of probation, straight jail sentence, or labor detail sanction. Recidivism rates for all three sentencing options are assessed, and probation is found to significantly reduce subsequent reoffending. Implications and limitations are discussed and suggestions for future research are provided.
Memantine and Cognition in Parkinson's Disease Dementia/Dementia With Lewy Bodies: A Meta-Analysis.

Background The aim of this work was to utilize meta-analysis in examining the effects of memantine on neuropsychological functioning in patients with Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Methods Included studies fulfilled these criteria: included objective cognitive measures, a comparison group of participants not taking memantine, and provided sufficient data for calculation of effect size. We examined effect sizes across global cognition and five specific neuropsychological domains. Moderator variables examined included neuropsychological domain, diagnostic cohort (PDD, DLB, or mixed PDD-DLB cohort), study design (open label or placebo-controlled), and trial length. Results Six publications met inclusion criteria totaling 57 effects. Homogeneity analysis across cognitive domains revealed a small overall effect size (d = 0.25) that was significantly heterogeneous (P < 0.001). Specific neuropsychological domains did not moderate effect size, though. Moderator analysis studies using a mix of DLB and PDD subjects showed larger effects than those that included DLB or PDD patients only. Additionally, open-label trials had significantly (P < 0.001) larger effect sizes (d = 1.32) than placebo-controlled trials (d = 0.12). Conclusions The present study indicates that effect-size heterogeneity across studies of memantine in DLB and PDD patients is moderated by diagnostic makeup of the cohort and study design. The small overall effect size noted in placebo-controlled trials versus open-label trials indicates that memantine has minimal effects on cognition in PDD and DLB and is unlikely to demonstrate clinically significant improvements in cognition.
Virtual Representation: the Production of 3D Digital Artifacts

As new digital technologies now pervade the discipline of archaeology, the practice of creating digital 3D representations of artifacts has become widespread. The rapid growth and acceptance of these technologies into the discipline leaves us in a position where we must engage with how these tools fit our epistemologies. I propose that we look to a much older technology, photography, to inform the way that these digital artifacts are dealt with as we move into an increasingly digital field. In doing so, I will argue that the creation of a 3D digital artifact is a productive process, just as any form of media used to document and interpret the archaeological record. Through this production, the digital form is decoupled from the original physical artifact. The creation of a new representation of the artifact (in the form of a photograph or digital model) provides a new dimension to our interactions with these artifacts. The result of the digital movement in archaeology is a more interactive experience with artifacts, allowing researchers and the public alike digital access to archaeological collections. If the current trend continues, digital artifact modeling will become as indispensable to archaeology as traditional photography. It is therefore necessary for archaeologists to be aware of the subjectivities and biases that exist during this productive act as we move into a more integrated field of digital, representational technologies.
Giant Saphenous Vein Graft Aneurysm Causing Compression of the Left Ventricle.

A 64-year-old man with a history of coronary artery bypass graft surgery and mechanical aortic valve replacement in 1995 presented with unstable angina and volume overload. He underwent cardiac catheterization, which revealed a giant saphenous vein graft aneurysm (SVGA) arising from the left
Problems and suggestions for environmental testing of laboratory animal facilities in Hubei Province

Objective Based on the results of environmental testing of the 2012 annual laboratory animal license in Hubei Province,we will discuss the results and problems,and make suggestions to promote the reliable management of experimental animal facilities in Hubei Province.Methods The microenvironment was monitored by 30% sampling inspection of 41 regions in 40 institutions according to the Laboratory Animal-Requirements of Environment and Housing Facilities GB14925-2010.Results Except the air velocity and maximum average concentration settlement bacteria,some other indexes did not meet the national standards.Conclusions We would suggest to strengthen the laboratory animal facility management and personnel training,and to improve the management level and overall environmental conditions of laboratory animal facilities in Hubei Province.
Investigation of ADR monitoring in country retail drug stores

Objective To investigate ADR monitoring in retail drug stores. Method The current situation and influential factors of ADR monitoring in country retail drug stores were analyzed. Result The quality of pharmacists in county retail drug stores needs to be improved. The county retail drug stores can not give enough instruction to support rational drug use. The staff and the public are lack of knowledge of ADR and don,t realize the importance of ADR monitoring. The management of the drug stores are also need to be strengthened. Conclusion The level of ADR monitoring in country retail drug stores should be improved through strengthen- ing training, education and communication, establishing effective management system, and strengthening supervision by regulatory authority.
Determination of the Number of Vibration Source Signals and Blind Signal Separation for Turbofan Engine

Most of the blind source separation methods were dependent on the fact that the observing sensors'number are equal to the number of signal sources.This paper is aimed to research into the blind source separation of Vibration Signal Processing from turbofan engine when sensors number are more than signal sources'number.Three methods are adopted and signal simulation in experiment shows the ways based on Singular Value Decomposition and the method based on fourth-order cumulants are feasible and reliable.
GRP78 up-regulation leads to hypersensitization to cisplatin in A549 lung cancer cells.

Background: GRP78 is one of the stress proteins linked to different functions in the cell. Previous reports have shown opposing functions of GRP78 in relation to drug resistance/sensitivity. In the current study, we examined the role of GRP78 in cisplatin-treated A549 cells. Materials and Methods: GRP78 was over-expressed in A549 cells with 2-deoxyglucose (2-dG) or tunicamycin (TM) treatments for 48 h and subsequently exposed to cisplatin for 2 h. Viability of these cells was determined at 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h afterwards. Results: We showed that A549 cells are hypersensitized to cisplatin following a transient GRP78 up-regulation. This hypersensitization is caused by the activation of JNK pathway and NF-κB, leading to early onset of apoptosis. Conclusion: Induction of GRP78 can be used as a potential tool to overcome drug resistance in lung cancer cells. Glucose regulated protein of 78-kDa (GRP78) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein of virtually all cells and has a high degree of amino acid sequence homology with the HSP70 and is, therefore, considered a member of the HSP70
Harmonic Multivariate Ostrowski and Grüss Inequalities Using Several Functions

Here we derive very general multivariate Ostrowski and Gruss type inequalities for several functions by involving harmonic polynomials.
The magnetic transitions and dynamics in the multiferroic Lu0.5Sc0.5FeO3

In spite of its frustrated lattice, the multiferroic Lu0.5Sc0.5FeO3 exhibits two consecutive magnetic transitions at T N1 ≈ 175 K and T N2 ≈ 70 K determined from neutron diffraction. In the ordered state, magnetic fluctuations are present, most likely arising from the in-plane frustrated interaction of the Fe hexagonal lattice. Furthermore, a crossover of the magnetic intensity is observed from elastic to inelastic upon warming, indicating that magnetic fluctuations persist well above T N1 , a common feature in hexagonal multiferroics.
On the relation between radical behaviorism and the science of verbal behavior

A fully-developed “science of verbal behavior” may depend upon a recognition of the implications of Skinner’s scientific system, radical behaviorism, particularly as it relates to the nature of scientific research. An examination of the system and Skinner’s own research practices imply, for example, that samples of vocal or written verbal behavior collected under controlling conditions may be observed as directly for the effects of controlling contingencies as in the traditional practice involving cumulative response records. Such practices may be defended on the basis of the pragmatic epistemology which characterizes radical behaviorism. An example of one type of exploratory method is described.
SU-F-T-78: Minimum Data Set of Measurements for TG 71 Based Electron Monitor-Unit Calculations

Purpose: Building up a TG-71 based electron monitor-unit (MU) calculation protocol usually involves massive measurements. This work investigates a minimum data set of measurements and its calculation accuracy and measurement time. Methods: For 6, 9, 12, 16, and 20 MeV of our Varian Clinac-Series linear accelerators, the complete measurements were performed at different depth using 5 square applicators (6, 10, 15, 20 and 25 cm) with different cutouts (2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 15 and 20 cm up to applicator size) for 5 different SSD's. For each energy, there were 8 PDD scans and 150 point measurements for applicator factors, cutout factors and effective SSDs that were then converted to air-gap factors for SSD 99–110cm. The dependence of each dosimetric quantity on field size and SSD was examined to determine the minimum data set of measurements as a subset of the complete measurements. The “missing” data excluded in the minimum data set were approximated by linear or polynomial fitting functions based on the included data. The total measurement time and the calculated electron MU using the minimum and the complete data sets were compared. Results: The minimum data set includes 4 or 5 PDD's and 51 to 66 point measurements for each electron energy, and more PDD's and fewer point measurements are generally needed as energy increases. Using only <50% of complete measurement time, the minimum data set generates acceptable MU calculation results compared to those with the complete data set. The PDD difference is within 1 mm and the calculated MU difference is less than 1.5%. Conclusion: Data set measurement for TG-71 electron MU calculations can be minimized based on the knowledge of how each dosimetric quantity depends on various setup parameters. The suggested minimum data set allows acceptable MU calculation accuracy and shortens measurement time by a few hours.
Assessing the Factors that Impact the Success of Gender Experts in Public Policy: The Search for Necessity

When asked if there were any circumstances that she felt made her expertise more likely to be utilized or implemented, one gender expert stated, “I don’t think it is that simple … these ingredients get that recipe” (Gender Expert 2012). While the individual eventually did reveal several factors that she felt were most important, the initial response to this question from many respondents was that it was difficult to narrow down the conditions that lead to gender expert success. Many of the interview participants and survey respondents have worked on a variety of projects for several different organizations, and given this range of experience, narrowing the factors that contribute to success seemed an arduous task given the fact that these conditions may substantially differ depending on the case in question. The last two chapters presented valuable insights into the factors that could potentially impact the success of gender experts in public policy; however, the difficulty expressed by many respondents when attempting to narrow down these conditions contributes to the notion that scholars examining gender expertise need to use approaches that assume the “ingredients” for achieving a certain outcome are complex, and different “ingredients” may achieve the same result.
Case Study 9. Reading the Bones (1): Recognizing Bipedalism

How does one recognize that a newly discovered fossil is indeed a hominin? It is easy enough to list attributes that separate humans from the apes—for example, large brain, small canines, language, dexterous thumb, and paucity of body hair—but which of these appeared first and definitively in the fossil record? At the beginning of the last century, scholars like Arthur Keith mistakenly believed a large brain defined our unique lineage and tended to discount as a possible ancestor any fossil with a significantly smaller brain. Today bipedalism, habitual locomotion on two feet, is regarded as the most reliable indicator. Bipedalism is a useful trait because it represents a significant change in adaptive strategy and because there are reliable indicators in the skeleton that will be recognizable in fossils. However, as the skeleton of Lucy reveals, evidence of bipedalism does not reveal all we need to know about australopithecine locomotion. Should one focus on the differences or the similarities in anatomy? Vigorous debate in the 1980s shows that there are different ways to be bipedal.
An Advanced Spectroscopy Lab That Integrates Art, Commerce, and Science as Students Determine the Electronic Structure of the Common Pigment Carminic Acid

Carminic acid and its metal derivatives have been used widely as pigments for fabrics and art, and more recently as a colorant for food. An undergraduate teaching laboratory is described in which students are instructed to design and execute experimental studies to obtain detailed information about the electronic structure, metal complex formation, redox properties, and photochemical stability of extracted carminic acid. The lab maintains room for student innovation and is well-suited to upper-level undergraduates in an advanced spectroscopy lab. Students are invited to apply knowledge previously gained through highly directed experiments to the analysis of an unfamiliar, complex, and relevant problem. The laboratory lends itself to flexibility in implementation but is designed to deepen students’ understanding of UV–vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, electrochemistry, pH and metal spectrophotometric titrations, and experimental determination of the kinetic behavior of UV-induce...
Exosomal biomarkers of brain insulin resistance associated with regional atrophy in Alzheimer's disease.

Brain insulin resistance (IR), which depends on insulin-receptor-substrate-1 (IRS-1) phosphorylation, is characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously, we demonstrated higher pSer312-IRS-1 (ineffective insulin signaling) and lower p-panTyr-IRS-1 (effective insulin signaling) in neural origin-enriched plasma exosomes of AD patients vs. controls. Here, we hypothesized that these exosomal biomarkers associate with brain atrophy in AD. We studied 24 subjects with biomarker-supported probable AD (low CSF Aβ42). Exosomes were isolated from plasma, enriched for neural origin using immunoprecipitation for L1CAM, and measured for pSer312- and p-panTyr-IRS-1 phosphotypes. MPRAGE images were segmented by brain tissue type and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis for gray matter against pSer312- and p-panTyr-IRS-1 was conducted. Given the regionally variable brain expression of IRS-1, we used the Allen Brain Atlas to make spatial comparisons between VBM results and IRS-1 expression. Brain volume was positively associated with P-panTyr-IRS-1 and negatively associated with pSer312-IRS-1 in a strikingly similar regional pattern (bilateral parietal-occipital junction, R middle temporal gyrus). This volumetric association pattern was spatially correlated with Allen Human Brain atlas normal brain IRS-1 expression. Exosomal biomarkers of brain IR are thus associated with atrophy in AD as could be expected by their pathophysiological roles and do so in a pattern that reflects regional IRS-1 expression. Furthermore, neural-origin plasma exosomes may recover molecular signals from specific brain regions. Hum Brain Mapp, 2016. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimal current profile control for enhanced repeatability of L-mode and H-mode discharges in DIII-D

Abstract In this work, model-based control techniques are used to obtain target current profiles in low-confinement-mode (L-mode) as well as high-confinement-mode (H-mode) DIII-D discharges. The control problem is formulated as a trajectory optimization problem to search for a feasible path from the expected initial condition to the desired target. The result comprises a sequence of feedforward (open-loop) control requests and a corresponding state evolution from the initial condition to the desired target. On top of this optimal feedforward control sequence a feedback (closed-loop) controller based on a linearized model and optimal control design techniques is added to track the desired state evolution. The effectiveness of the control approach is demonstrated with experiments.
An integrated platform for small-animal hyperthermia investigations under ultra-high-field MRI guidance

AbstractPurpose: Integrating small-animal experimental hyperthermia instrumentation with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) affords real-time monitoring of spatial temperature profiles. This study reports on the development and preliminary in vivo characterisation of a 2.45 GHz microwave hyperthermia system for pre-clinical small animal investigations, integrated within a 14 T ultra-high-field MRI scanner.Materials and methods: The presented system incorporates a 3.5 mm (OD) directional microwave hyperthermia antenna, positioned adjacent to the small-animal target, radiating microwave energy for localised heating of subcutaneous tumours. The applicator is integrated within the 30 mm bore of the MRI system. 3D electromagnetic and biothermal simulations were implemented to characterise hyperthermia profiles from the directional microwave antenna. Experiments in tissue mimicking phantoms were performed to assess hyperthermia profiles and validate MR thermometry against fibre-optic temperature measurements. The...