cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Balloon embolization of the internal iliac artery before aneurysm endograft deployment.

Six patients, ranging from 69 to 81 years of age, underwent iliac artery embolization with use of Detachable Silicon Balloons (DSB) 11–14 days before stent-graft repair of aneurysms. Balloons of 8.8-mm, 9.4-mm, and 9.9-mm sizes were used with 20–30 g of release force. Deployment difficulty was experienced in three cases. Five of six cases were successful, with the iliac artery remaining occluded at the time of endografting; one case required subsequent coil replacement. The average operative time for balloon embolization (75 min ± 28) was shorter than that in 18 cases of coil embolization performed within the same time period (111 min ± 105), but the difference was not significant ( P = .21). Postoperatively, one patient (17%) reported buttock claudication after the procedure. Use of the DSB represents an alternative to use of coils for embolization of large and tortuous iliac arteries.
Dominance and homozygosity in man.

Reflexion selon laquelle la dominance complete n'existe probablement pas dans les maladies genetiques humaines et illustree par un tableau de 11 maladies dominantes a homozygotes
Spin-Labeled Small Unilamellar Vesicles with the T 1-Sensitive Saturation-Recovery EPR Display as an Oxygen-Sensitive Analyte for Measurement of Cellular Respiration

This study validated the use of small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) made of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine with 1 mol % spin label of 1-palmitoyl-2-(16-doxylstearoyl)phosphatidylcholine (16-PC) as an oxygen-sensitive analyte to study cellular respiration. In the analyte, the hydrocarbon environment surrounds the nitroxide moiety of 16-PC. This ensures high oxygen concentration and oxygen diffusion at the location of the nitroxide as well as isolation of the nitroxide moiety from cellular reductants and paramagnetic ions that might interfere with spin-label oximetry measurements. The saturation-recovery electron paramagnetic resonance approach was applied in the analysis since this approach is the most direct method to carry out oximetric studies. It was shown that this display (spin–lattice relaxation rate) is linear in oxygen partial pressure up to 100 % air (159 mmHg). Experiments using a neuronal cell line in suspension were carried out at X-band for closed-chamber geometry. Oxygen consumption rates showed a linear dependence on the number of cells. Other significant benefits of the analyte are: the fast effective rotational diffusion and slow translational diffusion of the spin-probe is favorable for the measurements, and there is no cross-reactivity between oxygen and paramagnetic ions in the lipid bilayer.
On preservation of mean square continuity under zero memory non-linear transformation

Abstract Mean square continuity of a random process is of considerable theoretical and practical importance. Mean square continuous random processes passed through zero memory non-linearities are considered. Several conditions are given relating to mean square continuity of the output. Bounded zero memory non-linearities are considered with arbitrary random processes as inputs, and conditions on both the zero memory non-linearity and on the random process are examined. Also, general zero memory non-linearities are considered with Gaussian random processes as inputs.
Neuropathie motrice multifocale avec blocs de conduction : suivi à long terme de 10 patients traités par IgIV

Resume Les neuropathies motrices multifocales avec blocs de conduction (NMM) repondent a court terme aux immunoglobulines polyvalentes a fortes doses par administration intraveineuse (IgIV), mais plusieurs etudes ont documente a long terme l’augmentation du degre de la degenerescence axonale et du nombre de blocs de conduction, facteurs de mauvais pronostic. Notre objectif dans le present travail a ete d’evaluer l’effet a long terme des IgIV sur les parametres cliniques et neurophysiologiques. Methodes Nous avons revu les dossiers de 10 patients ayant initialement repondu aux IgIV et traites regulierement a long terme. Les parametres etudies etaient la force musculaire, l’etat fonctionnel (echelle de Rankin modifiee), ainsi que le nombre et l’evolution des blocs de conduction et du degre de degenerescence axonale. Les patients ont ete suivis pendant une moyenne de 7,25 annees (3,5-12). Ils ont tous ete traites initialement par 2 g d’IgIV/kg en cinq jours toutes les quatre semaines pendant 3 mois. Le traitement d’entretien a ete administre toutes les quatre semaines avec ajustement des doses afin d’eviter tout declin de la force musculaire. Resultats Nous avons note une amelioration significative et persistante de la force musculaire et de l’echelle fonctionnelle de Rankin sans phenomene d’echappement au long cours. Le nombre de blocs de conduction et le degre de degenerescence axonale ont diminue de facon marquee. Conclusion Les IgIV sont un traitement qui reste efficace a long terme dans les NMM. Ces conclusions different de celles d’autres auteurs dans des etudes anterieures. Par comparaison, nos patients ont ete traites par des doses significativement plus elevees d’IgIV. Ces resultats ont des implications importantes pour le traitement a long terme des patients atteints de NMM.
Phase, timing, and amplitude noise on supercontinua generated in microstructure fiber

During supercontinuum formation in nonlinear fiber the presence of a noise seed on the input laser pulse can lead to significant excess noise on the generated output supercontinuum electric field. We relate pulse-averaged moments of this electric-field noise to the measured RF spectrum of the frequency comb formed by the supercontinuum. We present quantitative numerical results for the fundamental phase, timing, and amplitude noise on the frequency comb resulting from input quantum noise, including the scaling of the noise with different experimental parameters. This fundamental noise provides a lower limit to the phase stability of frequency combs that originate from microstructure fiber.
Amino Acid N-Dimethylaminomethylene Alkyl Esters. New Derivatives for GC and GC-MS Studies

Abstract Dimethylformamide dialkylacetals react both with carboxylic and amino groups of amino acids to form N-dimethylaminomethylene alkyl ester (N-DMAM-alkyl ester) derivatives. Complete and rapid reaction was observed at 100[ddot]C. Under these conditions, hydroxyl groups did not react.
Toxicokinetics of ammonium perfluorohexanoate

Excretion patterns and rates of ammonium perfluorohexanoate (APFHx) after administration of a single and multiple (14 days) oral dose(s) at 50 mg/kg to male and female mice and rats were examined. The test substance was [14C]-labeled APFHx. After a single oral administration, total excretion was rapid, with mean recoveries of over 90% of the dose at 24 hours after administration, irrespective of gender or species. The major route of elimination was via the urine (means of percentage recovery between 73.0 and 90.2% of the dose), followed by the feces (means of percentage recovery between 7.0 and 15.5% of the dose). Elimination via expired air was negligible. For the multiple dose tests, multiple (13 daily doses) oral administration of APFHx was followed by a single oral administration of [14C]-APFHx. Excretion was rapid, with mean recoveries of over 90% of the administered dose (mean values >95% of the ultimately recovered material) at 24 hours after dosing, irrespective of gender or species. The major rou...
Surgical Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma with Tumor Thrombus in the Renal and Inferior Vena Cava: The University of Miami Experience in Using Liver Transplantation Techniques

Abstract Objectives Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava (IVC) poses a challenge to the surgeon due to the potential for massive hemorrhage and tumor thromboemboli. We developed a technique for safe resection of these tumors through a transabdominal approach, without recourse to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Materials and methods From August 1997 to February 2005, 66 patients underwent resection of a RCC with tumor thrombus in the IVC. The extent of the tumor thrombus was renal in 13, infrahepatic in 7; retrohepatic in 38; and intra-atrial in 8 patients. Results Mean operative time was 6.16±0.32hours. The estimated blood loss ranged from 200 cc to 16,000 cc, with a mean of transfusions being 3.56±0.94U. CBP was required in only 3 patients. Three patients (4.5%) died in the immediate postoperative period . Median follow-up among the 56 survivors was 7.1 months. Six patients died due to metastasis and 1 died of a cause unrelated to the cancer. The estimated actuarial survival at 36 months was 66%. Conclusions An aggressive surgical approach is the only hope for curing patients having RCC with a tumor thrombus in the IVC. The extent of dissection is predicated on the extent and level of tumor thrombus. Our surgical approach uses liver transplant techniques to mobilize the liver off the IVC and to separate the IVC from the posterior abdominal wall. This maneuver provides excellent exposure and enables safe vascular control of the IVC.
River regulation, decline of ecological resources, and potential for restoration in a semi-arid lands river in the western USA

Societal needs for power generation, water management/use, and land uses (e.g., urban and agricultural) have often resulted in a significant departure from the natural processes of hydrologic regimes and material transport and deposition throughout most of the rivers flowing through arid and semi-arid landscapes of the western USA. We examine the compromised ecosystem integrity of one such river, the upper Snake River in eastern Idaho, below a large irrigation and power dam that has altered hydrologic regimes and reduced channel sediment supply. We review the ecological structure and function of gravel-bed rivers as they vary across a hierarchy of landscape scales with different spatial and temporal dimensions. Major linkages within the large, alluvial river systems of the western USA include exchange of water and materials along longitudinal connections from streams to rivers, lateral connections between river and floodplain systems, and vertical surface and subsurface (hyporheic) water exchanges. Longitudinal linkages dominate confined (canyon) river reaches while unconfined (floodplain) reaches show strong affinities for lateral and vertical exchange. Hydrogeomorphic processes, driven by river power and cut and fill alluviation, produce a dynamic landscape in floodplain reaches, which we refer to as a Shifting Habitat Mosaic (SHM). The SHM fosters high physical and ecological diversity of habitats, biotic communities, and ecosystem complexity. In this case study, we examine the dynamics of a series of floodplains along a 90 km river landscape, employing an airborne spectrophotometer, producing georeferenced hyperspectral imagery, coupled with ground truth measures of river hydraulics, river depth, riparian vegetation and other surface characteristics. From these data we derived estimates of the hydraulics and hydrographic regimes necessary to mobilize channel and riparian sediments, thus reestablishing the dynamics of the river SHM. We also evaluated subsequent variation in aquatic and riparian habitat characteristics. Evaluation of these factors, which affect interactions between the river channel and the surrounding river–riparian corridor, permitted us to develop a restoration strategy focused on normative variation among the various physical and biotic processes contributing to ecosystem integrity.
Analysis of an alpha-particle interaction of energy ~ 1012 eV per nucleon

A nuclear interaction of type 3 + 34α along with two energetic secondaries of type 2+ 12p(S1) and 4+ 19p(S2), which are presumably produced by the nucleons from the breakup of the original α-particle, were observed in nuclear emulsion. The primary as well as the secondary events were considered as nucleon-nucleon interactions and were analysed by measuring the energies and angles of their secondary particles. The energy as calculated from the angular distribution of the shower particles of the primary and the two secondary events(S1 and S2) is 900 GeV, 412 GeV and 400 GeV per nucleon, respectively (as calculated from Castagnoli’s formula with a factor 1/2). The energy of the primary as well as the secondary event S2 is in agreement approximately with an independent estimate obtained from the total energy dissipated in either case. But the energy of the secondary jet S1 when analysed the same way as that of the other two jets indicates that its energy, as determined from the angular distribution, is overstimated at least by a factor of two. The average transverse momentum of the shower particles is ~ 0.30 BeV/c. The energy and the angles of shower particles of these three events are transferred to the c.m.s. which shows sharp collimation of particles of high energy at small angles with the shower axis. The energy distribution in c.m.s. for these three events is peaked towards low values but shows a tail at high-energy values extending up to 2.5 GeV. Analysis of the primary event is consistent with the « two fireball » model.
Identifying High Impact Symptoms and Issues in Congenital and Juvenile Myotonic Dystrophy (P05.186)

Objective: To assess the symptoms impacting health related quality of life (HRQOL) in congenital and juvenile onset (CMD/JMD) Myotonic Dystrophy. Background Myotonic Dystrophy type-1 is a multisystemic, autosomal dominant disorder. Significant expansion of the trinucleotide repeat mutation may result in the onset of symptoms in infancy (CMD) or childhood (JMD). There is minimal data at this point with regards to HRQOL in CMD/JMD patients. Design/Methods: We conducted in-depth individual patient and parent interviews with 7 CMD patient-parent dyads and 5 JMD patient-parent dyads for a total of 20 children and 12 parents. Children were over the age of 8 and had a wide range of disability. Each interview focused on identifying the issues that have the greatest impact on patient HRQOL. Each interview was recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed using a qualitative framework technique, triangulation, and three investigator consensus approach. Results: 32 patient-parent interviews were conducted. 195 critical symptoms of importance were identified. These symptoms were categorized into 20 themes that represent the physical, mental, social, and disease-specific HRQOL of the CMD/JMD populations. A disease-specific HRQOL model was created for CMD/JMD representing the most relevant issues for this population. Categories in this model included: 1) Mobility and ambulation; 2) Proximal leg weakness; 3) Truncal muscle weakness; 4) Fine motor and upper extremity function; 5) Emotional distress; 6) Cognitive impairment; 7) Social role dissatisfaction; 8) Social role limitation; 9) Genetic issues; 10) Activity impairment specific to CMD/JMD; 11) Sleep disturbance; 12) Fatigue; 13) Pain; 14) Myotonia; 15) Gastrointestinal dysfunction; 16) Problems swallowing or choking; 17) Central sensory impairment; 18)Communication difficulties; 19) Incontinence; and 20) Impaired body image. Conclusions: There are multiple themes and symptoms that impact CMD/JMD HRQOL. These issues must be carefully examined to develop a disease specific patient-reported outcome measure and functional rating scale that represents the most critical areas of CMD/JMD health. Disclosure: Dr. Johnson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Luebbe has nothing to disclose. Dr. Eastwood has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Moxley has nothing to disclose. Dr. Heatwole has nothing to disclose.
Sculpted optical silica fiber tips for use in Nd:YAG contact tip laser surgery: part 2--optical properties and tissue effects

We analyze the optical properties of two commercial contact tips in air and saline: a silica conical tip manufactured by Heraeus Laser- Sonics and a sapphire rounded tip manufactured by SLT, together with a set of seven laboratory-fabricated silica tips. A statistical comparison (Dunnett's test) was used to determine the significance of the rounded sapphire contact tip compared to a set of five sculpted silica contact tips when used in a tissue mass ablating experiment using excised rat liver. A regression test was performed to determine a model for the relationship between mass ablation and energy. In addition, seven contact tips were assessed for an evaluation of laser-induced damage in excised rat liver. The tissue damage was assessed using histological sections, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and examined using a light microscope. Dunnett's test showed that with a level of significance of P P < 0.05, a first-degree linear model applies to mass ablation and energy input. The results of the histological investigation indicate that no relationship exists between tissue damage and the geometrical profiles for the various contact tips.
Effect of Perinatal Brain Iron Deficiency on Cytochrome Oxidase Activity of Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Structures of the Brain Following a Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury in Neonatal Rats

Effect of Perinatal Brain Iron Deficiency on Cytochrome Oxidase Activity of Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Structures of the Brain Following a Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury in Neonatal Rats
Engineering geomorphology at the cutting edge of land disturbance: erosion and sediment control on construction sites

Construction site management, traditionally dominated by professional engineers, provides an important opportunity for engineers and geomorphologists to work together in minimizing the environmental impacts of land disturbance. Areas disturbed for construction activity have soil erosion rates from 2 to 40,000 times greater than pre-construction conditions, and are important components of nonpoint source (NPS) pollution that degrades surface water quality. Despite significant local-to-watershed-scale environmental and economic impacts, the lack of an individual economic incentive for land developers to control erosion has limited voluntary adoption of erosion and sediment control measures. However, increased regulatory requirements, combined with efforts to identify and publicize the benefits of erosion control, are increasing the number of construction sites on which erosion control efforts are being implemented. Geomorphologists have the opportunity to play an active role in erosion and sediment control by implementing knowledge of erosion and sedimentation processes and of the variables that effect these processes. Pre-project geomorphological site assessments allow project designers to work around areas with high erosion potential, and to stage and schedule land disturbing activities to minimize erosion potential. Combined engineering and geomorphological analyses can increase the likelihood that streams and drainage channels are stable under altered hydrologic conditions, both during and after land use change, and can be used to design a drainage plan that minimizes surface water flow through disturbed areas. A variety of temporary measures to reduce erosion and to trap sediment on site can be designed and implemented, such as temporary surface covers, silt fence, and sedimentation basins. However, design and implementation of these measures require an understanding of erosion and sedimentation processes, and in many cases incorrect installation and maintenance limit their effectiveness. Regular on-site inspections and training by geomorphologists specializing in erosion control can ensure that measures are being installed and maintained correctly, and allow the inspector to modify the erosion control plan to deal with changing conditions and unanticipated problems. In addition, geomorphologists and engineers can use their combined understanding of erosion processes and construction site realities to develop innovative and practical measures to improve erosion control. Construction site erosion control is a field that relatively few academic geomorphologists have shown an interest in, yet has great potential both in terms of job opportunities and research. It is an area in which morphologists and engineers can work together using their complementary knowledge, both for the development and implementation of erosion control plans; as the basis for developing innovative practices; and for undertaking research on the effectiveness of traditional and new approaches to erosion control.
Reservoir computing ensembles for multi-object behavior recognition

Most available methods in computer vision can only detect one behavior at a time in a video sequence. Multi-object behavior recognition is still a very challenge problem. In this paper, we propose a novel model based on reservoir computing ensembles for multi-pattern recognition. In this new model, multiple interactive sub-reservoirs are connected to construct the reservoir model. The sub-reservoirs are competing with each other through inhibitory connections, and the internal states of all the sub-reservoirs are combined to form the output action potentials. Neurobiological studies have shown that cortical neural networks have a distinctive modular and laminar structure, which can provide powerful computational function. Therefore, cortical neural networks are employed to construct each sub-reservoir, whose parameters can be dynamically tuned by a gene regulatory network (GRN). Extensive experimental results on the MSR action dataset II have demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed reservoir computing ensembles model on multi-object behavior recognition in video sequences.
PREVENTING MOTOR VEHICLE RELATED BURNS

Abstract Results of the 1974–1975 Upstate New York Survey of Hospitalized Burns identify motor vehicle related burns as an important contributor to burn morbidity (8.4% of the total number of hospitalized burn injuries). Males are at high risk compared to females, and the age group 15–24 years is at high risk compared to the population as a whole. Extent of injury and type of burn for the various vehicle categories are considered. Scalds from radiator boil-overs, flame burns from vehicle repair work and traffic accidents, contact burns from motorcycle exhaust components, and burns from fires and explosions on boats are identified as important injury situations. Potential prevention strategies based on these injury situations are discussed.
Keyboard Emulation for Access to IBM-PC-Compatible Computers by People with Motor Impairments

The goal of this paper is to aid both clinicians and developers in understanding the issues associated with alternative input systems that permit full access to the IBM-PC family of computers. The first part of the paper discusses the concept of keyboard emulation in general and reviews a variety of keyboard-emulation systems that are currently available. The capabilities of a system called ALTKEY, developed in our laboratory, are described. The second part of the paper discusses the implementation of a keyboard-emulation system in more detail, using ALTKEY as a specific example. Technical design issues are discussed, and successful approaches to these design challenges are presented.
Financial and Nonfinancial Burden Among Families of CSHCN: Changes Between 2001 and 2009–2010

Abstract Objective We use the latest data to explore multiple dimensions of financial burden among children with special health care needs (CSHCN) and their families in 2009–2010 and changes since 2001. Methods Five burden indicators were assessed using the 2001 and 2009–2010 National Surveys of CSHCN: past-year health-related out-of-pocket expenses of ≥$1,000 or ≥3% of household income; perceived financial problems; changes in family employment; and >10 hours of weekly care provision/coordination. Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence estimates were used to assess burden in 2009–2010 and calculate absolute and relative measures of change since 2001. Prevalence rate ratios for each burden type in 2009–2010 compared to 2001 were estimated by logistic regression. Results Nearly half of CSHCN and their families experienced some form of burden in 2009–2010. The percentage of CSHCN living in families that paid ≥$1,000 or ≥3% of household income out of pocket for health care rose 120% and 35%, respectively, between 2001 and 2009–2010, while the prevalence of caregiving and employment burdens declined. Relative to 2001, in 2009–2010, CSHCN who were privately insured or least affected by their conditions were 1.7 times as likely to live in families that paid ≥3% of household income out of pocket, while publicly insured children were 20% less likely to do so and those most severely affected were 12% more likely to do so. Conclusions Over the past decade, increases in financial burden and declines in employment and caregiving burdens were observed for CSHCN families. Public insurance expansions may have buffered increases in financial burden, yet disparities persist.
Multiband transport in bilayer graphene at high carrier densities

We report a multiband transport study of bilayer graphene at high carrier densities. Employing a poly(ethylene)oxide-CsClO${}_{4}$ solid polymer electrolyte gate we demonstrate the filling of the high-energy subbands in bilayer graphene samples at carrier densities $|n|\ensuremath{\geqslant}2.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{13}$ cm${}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. We observe a sudden increase of resistance and the onset of a second family of Shubnikov--de Haas (SdH) oscillations as these high-energy subbands are populated. From simultaneous Hall and magnetoresistance measurements, together with SdH oscillations in the multiband conduction regime, we deduce the carrier densities and mobilities for the higher-energy bands separately and find the mobilities to be at least a factor of 2 higher than those in the low-energy bands.
Conformal Aspects of QCD

Theoretical and phenomenological evidence is now accumulating that the QCD coupling becomes constant at small virtuality; i.e., {alpha}{sub s}(Q{sup 2}) develops an infrared fixed point in contradiction to the usual assumption of singular growth in the infrared. For example, the hadronic decays of the {tau} lepton can be used to determine the effective charge {alpha}{sub {tau}}(m{sub {tau}{prime}}{sup 2}) for a hypothetical {tau}-lepton with mass in the range 0 < m{sub {tau}{prime}} < m{sub {tau}}. The {tau} decay data at low mass scales indicates that the effective charge freezes at a value of s = m{sub {tau}{prime}}{sup 2} of order 1 GeV{sup 2} with a magnitude {alpha}{sub {tau}} {approx} 0.9 {+-} 0.1. The near-constant behavior of effective couplings suggests that QCD can be approximated as a conformal theory even at relatively small momentum transfer and why there are no significant running coupling corrections to quark counting rules for exclusive processes. The AdS/CFT correspondence of large N{sub c} supergravity theory in higher-dimensional anti-de Sitter space with supersymmetric QCD in 4-dimensional space-time also has interesting implications for hadron phenomenology in the conformal limit, including an all-orders demonstration of counting rules for exclusive processes and light-front wavefunctions. The utility of light-front quantization and light-frontmore » Fock wavefunctions for analyzing nonperturbative QCD and representing the dynamics of QCD bound states is also discussed.« less
OBSERVATION OF TRANS-IRON NUCLEI IN THE PRIMARY COSMIC RADIATION.

Trans-iron nuclei flux in primary cosmic radiation determined through high altitude balloon exposure of interleaved layers of nuclear photographic emulsion and plastic detectors
Delaunay triangulation programs on surface data

The Delaunay triangulation of a set of points in 3D can have size Θ(n2) in the worst case, but this is rarely if ever observed in practice. We compare three production-quality Delaunay triangulation programs on some 'real-world' sets of points lying on or near 2D surfaces.
Ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Anovulatory infertility is a major problem associated with polycystic ovary syndrome; however, several treatment options are now available to induce ovulation in affected individuals. The pros and cons of these medications, which include clomifene citrate, follicle-stimulating hormone, insulin-sensitizing agents, and aromatase inhibitors, are discussed in this Viewpoint.
N-Alkylnitrilium Cations in Zeolites: A Study Using Theoretical Chemistry and in Situ NMR with the Pulse-Quench Reactor

Stepanov and Luzgin recently applied solid-state NMR with magic-angle spinning (MAS) to the reactions of acetonitrile with olefins or alcohols in zeolite HZSM-5 at 296 K and observed signals they assigned to N-alkylnitrilium cations (Chem. Eur. J. 1997, 3, 47). Here we report strong verification of their assignment and show that these cations can also form in catalytic flow reactors. We used the recently developed pulse-quench reactor to contact acetonitrile and either tert-butyl alcohol or isobutylene for several seconds at temperatures up to 433 K followed by a rapid thermal quench. 13C and 15N MAS NMR measurements were performed at 77−298 K to identify the species present in the zeolite and to permit determination of the principal components of the chemical shift tensors. We optimized the geometry of the N-tert-butylacetonitrilium cation and acetonitrile using density functional theory at B3LYP/DZVP2 and then calculated theoretical chemical shift tensors using the GIAO-MP2 level of theory and two basis...
Regional wall motion index for infarct and noninfarct regions after reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction: comparison with global wall motion index.

Abstract A regional wall motion index has been derived from two-dimensional echocardiograms by use of a 16-segment model that was subdivided into anterior (nine segments) and infero-postero-lateral (seven segments) regions. This new method is compared with the use of a previously described global wall motion index for the analysis of serial echocardiograms after reperfusion in 23 patients who had acute myocardial infarction. Mean global index improved from 1.84 ± 0.46 to 1.56 ± 0.37 at 24 hours ( p p p p
Preparing beginning reading teachers: An experimental comparison of initial early literacy field experiences

This randomized-control trial examined the learning of preservice teachers taking an initial Early Literacy course in an early childhood education program and of the kindergarten or first grade students they tutored in their field experience. Preservice teachers were randomly assigned to one of two tutoring programs: Book Buddies and Tutor Assisted Intensive Learning Strategies (TAILS), which provided identical meaning-focused instruction (shared book reading), but differed in the presentation of code-focused skills. TAILS used explicit, scripted lessons, and the Book Buddies required that code-focused instruction take place during shared book reading. Our research goal was to understand which tutoring program would be most effective in improving knowledge about reading, lead to broad and deep language and preparedness of the novice preservice teachers, and yield the most successful student reading outcomes. Findings indicate that all preservice teachers demonstrated similar gains in knowledge, but preservice teachers in the TAILS program demonstrated broader and deeper application of knowledge and higher self-ratings of preparedness to teach reading. Students in both conditions made similar comprehension gains, but students tutored with TAILS showed significantly stronger decoding gains.
Land reform and the land market in Russia: Operation, constraints and prospects

RUSSIA IS UNDERGOING ITS THIRD GREAT LAND REFORM in the 20th century. Previous land reforms were associated with significant political, social and economic transformation. The first Russian land reforms of the century, the Stolypin reforms, were designed to facilitate the movement of peasants out of the communal mir. The Stolypin reforms were also linked to Russia's attempt to industrialise and to introduce limited democracy in the early 20th century.' The second great land reform was Stalin's collectivisation. Collectivisation was central to the imposition of Stalinism in the countryside and to rapid industrialisation that helped prepare the nation for war. Beginning in 1927, voluntary communes were supplanted by gradual collectivisation. In mid-1929 gradual collectivisation was replaced with rapid collectivisation which, by the mid-1930s, wiped out all individual independent peasant farms and increased the level of state control over state and collective farms. Stalinist rural institutions
Stability of Martin boundary under non-local Feynman-Kac perturbations

Recently the authors showed that the Martin boundary and the minimal Martin boundary for a censored (or resurrected) α-stable process Y in a bounded C1,1-open set D with α∈(1,2) can all be identified with the Euclidean boundary ∂D of D. Under the gaugeability assumption, we show that the Martin boundary and the minimal Martin boundary for the Schrodinger operator obtained from Y through a non-local Feynman-Kac transform can all be identified with ∂D. In other words, the Martin boundary and the minimal Martin boundary are stable under non-local Feynman-Kac perturbations. Moreover, an integral representation of nonnegative excessive functions for the Schrodinger operator is explicitly given. These results in fact hold for a large class of strong Markov processes, as are illustrated in the last section of this paper. As an application, the Martin boundary for censored relativistic stable processes in bounded C1,1-smooth open sets is studied in detail.
Effect of Growth Habit on Yield Components of Late‐Planted Soybean

Late-planted soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yields are usually lower than full-season soybean yields. Indeterminate growth habit may be superior to the traditional determinate growth habit for late planting in the southeastern USA. The objective of our study was to determine the effect of determinate and indeterminate growth habit genes on yield components of late-planted near-isogenic lines of soybean. Twenty-three determinate and 23 indeterminate near-isogenic lines (near-isolines) of soybean from three populatious were compared in the field at Brewton, Tallassee, and Shorter, AL, in 1991 and 1992. Determinates had lower lowest-pod heights, more mainstem branches per plant, and more two-seeded pods than indeterminates. Growth habit did not affect total pods per plant, mainstem or branch pods per plant, seeds per plant, seed mass, or number of three-seeded pods per plant. The growth hahit × population and growth habit × location interactions were significant for most tests, but the growth habit × year interactions were nonsignificant or small. Number of mainstem pods was the only yield component correlated with yield (r = 0.36**). We conclude that (i) growth habit genes have little consistent effect on most yield component traits, (ii) growth habit effects are site- and population-specific in the southeastern USA, and (iii) seed yield is not correlated with yield component traits in late-planted soybean
Modulation of the expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors in human fibroblasts.

To determine the levels of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPARs) in normal and adhesion fibroblasts, we utilized real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to measure messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in fibroblasts from normal peritoneum and adhesions from five patients in both the presence or absence of dichloroacetic acid (DCA) and a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, NS-398. Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α, PPARβ, PPARγ1, and PPARγ2 mRNA are all present in normal peritoneal and adhesion fibroblasts, and selectively rose in response to hypoxia and either DCA or NS-398.
Theoretical Decay and Theoretical Development: The Resurgence of Institutional Analysis

Research on the less industrialized regions of the world has undergone major changes in terms of theoretical rigor, methodological sophistication, and the diversification of analytical approaches since the publication of Samuel P. Huntingdon's essay, “Political Development and Political Decay,” in World Politics in 1965. Yet more than three decades later, comparativists are rediscovering political institutions, highlighting the originality of Huntington's scholarly contribution. The resurgence of institutional analysis has redirected attention to the potential variability of political outcomes in the face of sweeping global currents, generated important theoretical insights, and created new bases for dialogue across disparate research traditions. Nevertheless, the horizons of institutional research need to be broadened to address the challenges posed by international influences, two-way interactions between politics and society, and institutional fluidity.
Activation of protein kinase A is a pivotal step involved in both BMP‐2‐ and cyclic AMP‐induced chondrogenesis

We studied the roles of protein kinase A (PKA) activation and cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in chondrogenesis using serum-free chicken limb bud micromass cultures as a model system. We showed the following points: 1) in micromass cultures, activation of PKA enhances chondrogenesis and increases the phosphorylation of CREB; 2) BMP-2, a chondrogenic stimulator, increases PKA activity and the level of phosphorylated CREB (P-CREB); 3) H8, a PKA inhibitor, inhibits chondrogenesis; 4) the chondrogenic activities of BMP-2 and cAMP are suppressed by H8; and 5) long-term TPA treatment (a protein kinase C (PKC) modulator) inhibits chondrogenesis and decreases the levels of CREB and P-CREB. These results suggest that activation of PKA is a physiological event during chondrogenesis that is involved in the chondrogenic effects of both BMP-2 and cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent pathways.
Seasonal incidence of two co-occurring adult parasitoids of Acalymma vittatum in New York State: Centistes ( Syrrhizus ) diabroticae and Celatoria setosa

We report the incidence of striped cucumber beetle (Acalymma vittatum [Fabricius]) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) parasitism in bi-weekly samples from diverse farm locations in central New York State over the course of two growing seasons. Two parasitoid species not previously verified in this geographic region were found: Celatoria setosa (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tachinidae) and Centistes (Syrrhizus) diabroticae (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Parasitism by C. setosa, up to 43%, [mean 8.67%] was comparable to previously published rates. Contrary to the expectations of earlier authors, however, C. diabroticae was found to be ubiquitous and maximum rates of parasitism (~54%) were >threefold greater than the only other published report for this species [C. diabroticae mean 14.36%]. In laboratory assays, we investigated C. diabroticae larval development. We also tested the effects of wasp clone and host beetle sex on C. diabroticae larval development. This is the first documentation of life cycle information for this braconid.
One hundred years of American Women in biochemistry

The occasion of ASBMB's 100th anniversary provides an opportunity to consider the history and accomplishments of women biochemists over the past century. American women in biochemistry have ranged from the highly visible, such as Nobel Prize winners Gert Cori and Gertrude Elion, to those who contributed in relative obscurity to equally dramatic breakthroughs. Women with Ph.D.s in biochemistry established departments of public health, nutrition, and home economics when more prestigious academic departments were not open to them. As in all fields of science, women have made great progress in biochemistry in recent years, and ASBMB reflects that progress; the past, current, and incoming presidents of the Society are all women. The data and biographical information presented here should provide a basis for inclusion of more women in recounting the history of biochemistry.
Enhancing Effectiveness in Assessing Forensic Nursing Staff Competency

Assessing the competency of forensic nurses is an evolving area of management practice. This article presents a performance-based model for the assessment process. Examples of competency assessment activities that can measure psychomotor skills, critical thinking, and interpersonal skills are discussed, along with a sample competency for a selected skill. Evaluation strategies and their effectiveness are also analyzed.
Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition Rate: A Shock Tube Study Using Tunable Laser Absorption of H2O near 2.5 μm

The thermal decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was measured behind reflected shock waves in hydrogen peroxide/inert gas mixtures using a sensitive laser diagnostic for water vapor. In these mixtures, the formation rate of water is predominantly controlled by the decomposition rate of hydrogen peroxide. Rate determinations were made over a temperature range of 1000−1200 K and a pressure range of 0.9−3.2 atm for both argon and nitrogen carrier gases. Good detection sensitivity for water was achieved using tunable diode laser absorption of water at 2550.96 nm within its v3 fundamental band. Hydrogen peroxide decomposition rates were found to be independent of pressure at 0.9 and 1.7 atm and showed only slight influence of pressure at 3.2 atm. The best fit of the current data to the low-pressure-limit rate for H2O2 dissociation in argon bath gas is k1,0 = 1015.97±0.10 exp(−21 220 ± 250 K/T) [cm3 mol−1 s−1] (1000−1200 K). Experiments conducted in a nitrogen bath gas show a relative collision efficiency of argo...
Social-Cognitive Moderators of the Relationship between Peer Victimization and Suicidal Ideation among Psychiatrically Hospitalized Adolescents

Peer victimization among children and adolescents is a major public health concern, given its widespread individual and societal ramifications. Victims of peer aggression often face significant levels of psychological distress and social difficulties, such as depression, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and social rejection. The purpose of this study was to examine whether cognitive distortions and perceptions of social support moderate the association between peer victimization and suicidal thoughts among psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents. Participants included 183 psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents (ages 13 to 18). In multiple regression analyses that controlled for gender, social and cognitive factors served as significant resource factors. Cognitive factors also moderated the relationship between peer victimization and suicidal ideation.
Convergence and Stability of Nonlinear Finite Element Equations

For k= 1, i.e., for the case of isotropic core, the critical loads TV* and N*L, given by Eqs. (16) and (17) reduce to those obtained by Fulton. In ord"er to show the effect of orthotropic core upon the critical loads, the following numerical values for shell property and dimensions are used: El =E2 =E, tj = t2 = t=0.05 in., ju = 0.3, E/Gxz = 2xW, 0 = 100 in., # = 200 in., C = 0.5 in. The critical loads are expressed in the following form as
The role of the adrenal gland in hypertension

The adrenal gland plays a unique role in the etiology of many forms of hypertension. Recognizable syndromes of adrenal gland disease in which hypertension is observed can be identified and localized to each of the functional and histologic divisions of the adrenal cortex and medulla. The diagnosis of the various syndromes of adrenal hormone excess is a critically important first step in the sucessful identification, localization, and treatment of adrenal gland disorders.
Differential expression of CD8α and CD8β associated with MHC-restricted and non-MHC-restricted cytolytic effector cells

The differential expression of the alpha and beta chains of the CD8 glycoprotein was examined in three functionally distinct cytolytic effector cell populations: (i) T cells (CD3+ CD56-), (ii) NK cells (CD56+ CD3-), and (iii) non-MHC-restricted T cells (CD56+ CD3+). Twenty-four percent of T cells were CD8+, and they consistently coexpressed both CD8 alpha and CD8 beta. Moreover, CD8+ T cells uniformly expressed high-density CD8 alpha. Forty percent of NK cells were CD8+ but the vast majority (approximately 75%) expressed only CD8 alpha without CD8 beta. In addition, CD8+ NK cells uniformly expressed low-density CD8 alpha. In comparison, 75% of non-MHC-restricted T lymphocytes were CD8+ but they displayed an intermediate phenotype: 60% coexpressed CD8 alpha and CD8 beta while 40% expressed only CD8 alpha. Within this population, CD8 alpha was expressed at high density, similar to that of T cells. Following IL-2 activation, enhancement of non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity was not associated with any changes in either the quantitative or qualitative pattern of expression of CD8 alpha or CD8 beta by these cells. Addition of either anti-CD8 alpha or anti-CD8 beta mAb did not alter non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity of either CD56+ CD3- or CD56+ CD3+ effector cells. However, within the CD56+ cell population, non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity was almost entirely found within the CD8- and CD8 alpha + beta- populations, and both subsets displayed a similar level of killing. In contrast, CD8 alpha+ beta+ cells exhibited very little non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity. Thus, the coexpression of CD8 alpha and CD8 beta in conjunction with the TCR/CD3 complex appears to characterize MHC restricted cells while the expression of CD8 alpha alone is associated with non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity. Taken together, these findings suggest that neither CD8 alpha nor CD8 beta is involved in the initial phases of target cell binding or recognition during NK cell-mediated lysis. However, the selective expression of CD8 alpha by a large fraction of non-MHC-restricted effector cells suggests that this antigen may play a different functional role in this unique subset of cytolytic lymphocytes.
CD8 blockade promotes the expansion of antigen-specific CD4+ FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in vivo.

Treatment with a cocktail of CD4 and CD8-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) induces long-term transplantation tolerance and regulatory CD4+ T cells that induce tolerance in non-tolerant T cells. In contrast, treatment with a CD4-specific mAb alone fails to induce long-term tolerance. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that CD8 blockade plays a role in promoting the development of CD4+ regulatory T cells. Using the DO11.10 CD4+ TCR transgenic mouse model we show that treatment with a CD4/CD8-specific mAb cocktail induces antigen-specific tolerance to OVA, measured by a significant decrease in OVA-specific IgG, on challenge with antigen. Although treatment with OVA and the CD4-specific mAb alone also induces a significant decrease in OVA-specific antibody, the number of DO11.10 cells is significantly greater in mice treated with the CD4/CD8-specific mAb cocktail, and this is associated with a significant increase in proliferation of DO11.10 cells in response to specific antigen. DO11.10 cells sorted from mice made tolerant to OVA with the CD4/CD8-specific mAb cocktail promote an OVA-specific IgG1 (Th2-type) response but not an OVA-specific IgG3 (Th1-type) response on transfer into new syngeneic recipients, suggesting their ability to regulate the type of antigen-specific immune response that ensues after priming with antigen. In addition, DO11.10 cells from tolerant mice express markers that are characteristic of CD4+ regulatory cells, including FOXP3, GITR and CTLA4, but not CD25. Taken as a whole, these data suggest that CD8 blockade promotes CD4+ FOXP3+ regulatory CD4+ T cells by promoting their proliferation in tolerant mice.
Ethylene induced isoperoxidase changes during fiber formation in postharvest asparagus

Excision of asparagus spears triggered increased peroxidase activity and a shift in isozyme species. Changes in peroxidase occurred within 8 hr after harvest at the cut end of the spear and progressed to the tip end after 24 hr storage at 20 °C and 85% relative humidity. Isozyme changes were accelerated by exogenous ethylene gas. Ethylene production by cut spears and rate of spear toughening were greatest when spears were cut above ground. It is suggested that wound ethylene triggers a shift in peroxidase isozymes which participate in lignin biosynthesis and results in spear toughening after harvest.