cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Approximation of trajectories of non-linear systems by iterates of systems with linear state dynamics

Abstract A modification of an iterative Picard process is proposed to approximate the output of a non-linear system by a concatenation of systems with linear state dynamics and non-linear outputs. A local uniform convergence result is given. The motivating example is a non-linear system that arises in surface plasmon resonance experiments to determine protein–protein interaction constants. We show with simulations that for this example the approximants converge not only locally but over the full time interval of interest in the application.
Purification and properties of chicken heart prostagland in Δ13-reductase

Abstract Prostaglandin Δ13-reductase was purified extensively by ammonium sulfate fractionation, and DEAE-Sephadex-, hydroxylapatite-, and phosphocellulose chromatography. Enzyme activity was followed by radioimmunoassay with the use of an antiserum directed toward 15-keto-prostaglandin F2α and antibodies directed toward 13, 14 dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2α. The purified enzyme used NADPH as a cofactor much more effectively than NADH. It specifically reduced 15-keto-prostaglandins but not 15-hydroxy-prostaglandins. The enzyme was inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate. It had a relatively broad pH optimum (pH 7.4 to pH 8.5), and has a molecular weight estimated to be 70,000 to 80,000.
Future Time Perspective and Life Events across Adulthood

Age differences in future time perspective and the relations between future time perspective, locus of control, and past and anticipated future life events were examined in younger (ages 20 to 37) and older (ages 60 to 81) men and women. There were neither age nor gender differences in the time period participants reported thinking of most frequently. Participants reported thinking about the next few months more frequently than about other future time periods, which ranged from the next few days to many years. However, younger participants also reported thinking frequently about more distant time periods, whereas older subjects did not. Anticipation of discontinuous future events, control of impending events, and positive past events accounted for some age differences found in thinking about distant future time periods. No systematic gender differences were found.
Computational and experimental study of steady axisymmetric non-premixed methane counterflow flames

We investigated computationally and experimentally the structure of steady axisymmetric, laminar methane/enriched-air diffusion flames. Experimentally, we imaged simultaneously single-photon OH LIF and two-photon CO LIF, which also yielded the forward reaction rate (RR) of the reaction CO + OH → CO2+ H. In addition, particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to measure the velocity in the proximity of the fuel and oxidizer nozzles, providing detailed boundary conditions for the simulations. Computationally, we solved implicitly the steady state equations in a modified vorticity–velocity formulation on a non-staggered, non-uniform grid. We compared the results along the axis of symmetry from the two-dimensional simulations with those from the one-dimensional model, and showed consistency between them. The comparison between the experimental and computational data yielded excellent agreement for all measured quantities. The field of these two-dimensional flames can be roughly partitioned into two regions: th...
In vivo evidence that cGMP is the second messenger for atrial natriuretic factor

Abstract cGMP generation has been associated with many of the vascular and endocrine actions of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in vitro. To examine the role of cGMP as a second messenger for the renal hemodynamic action of ANF in vivo, we measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and cGMP concentration in systemic artery, renal vein, and urine as well as in Bowman's space and end-proximal tubule (by free-flow micropuncture) after administration of ANF. ANF increased GFR by 45% and simultaneously induced a greater than 5-fold increase of cGMP concentration in glomerular ultrafiltrate (Bowman's space) when compared to controls. There was no significant increase in either systemic artery or renal vein cGMP concentration. Thus, the source of increased Bowman's space cGMP is not from the blood via filtration but rather from either glomerular mesangial or epithelial cells, which are not in direct contact with the circulation. Although a small amount of tubular handling of cGMP occurred along the length of the nephron, the augmented cGMP production from the glomerulus accounted for most of the 10- to 12-fold higher urinary cGMP excretion observed after ANF administration. Intrarenal arterial infusion of dibutyryl cGMP, but not dibutyryl cAMP, increased GFR in a dose-dependent fashion (from 10 to 1000 microM) by a mechanism similar to that of ANF--an increase in glomerular hydraulic pressure. Thus, ANF markedly stimulated glomerular production of cGMP, which coincided with a marked increase in GFR. Since dibutyryl cGMP itself was capable of increasing GFR, cGMP is the likely second messenger for ANF in vivo.
A simple noise modeling based testing of CMOS analog integrated circuits

A technique for testing CMOS analog integrated circuits is presented which is based on an analysis of the noise behavior of the circuit under test (CUT). The technique is simple and new. The CUT in the present work is an integrated CMOS amplifier circuit designed in a standard 1.5 μm n-well CMOS process for operation at ±;2.5 V. The bridging faults simulating possible manufacturing defects have been introduced using fault injection transistors. The faults in the CUT are detected by observing the variation in the noise at the output of CUT, which is the sum of noise contributed from each component in the circuit. An analytical noise model of the CUT has been developed with and without faults and results are compared with the corresponding data obtained from the simulation studies using SPICE.© (2005) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Soluble β-amyloid oligomers alter biophysical properties of Kv1.3 channels

The aggregation of amyloid peptides in brain tissue is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid beta (Aβ) exists in several assembly states, which may play different physiological or pathophysiological roles. The effects of Aβ on voltage-dependent ion channels in neurons and microglia were implicated in early stages of neurodegeneration. We tested the effect of soluble oligomers (Aβ1-42) of amyloid precursor protein (APP) on voltage-dependent potassium channels Kv1.3. Potassium current was measured during whole-cell recording from L929 cells, stably expressing Kv1.3. Acute application of Aβ1-42 reversibly reduced peak current amplitudes and affected kinetics of current activation, inactivation and deactivation in a voltage- and a dose-dependent manner. The time constant of K+ current activation during depolarizing voltage pulses from the holding membrane potential of −80 mV was reduced by Aβ1-42 at low (<10 mV) voltages, but was not changed at higher voltages. Slow C-type inactivation of K+ current was significantly faster in the presence of Aβ1-42 with the effect being most prominent at −20 mV (lowest voltage measured) and diminishing with increasing voltage. The time constant of K+ current deactivation was significantly reduced by Aβ1-42, and the effect progressively increased with voltage increase. Under the same conditions, the voltage sensitivity of Kv1.3 conductance was not significantly changed by Aβ1-42. Our results reveal acute effects of biologically active soluble β-amyloid oligomers on voltage-dependent potassium channels Kv1.3. Faster inactivation and deactivation of K+ current in the presence of Aβ could impair regulation of the membrane potential, ultimately leading to pathophysiological changes in the cell.Supported by the Hillblom Foundation.
Antenna research for army electromagnetic systems

Antennas are a critical component for most if not all Army electromagnetic (EM) communications and sensor systems. The number of EM systems per platform is large and growing, which places severe restrictions on system size, weight, and power. The ever-increasing demand for bandwidth and interoperability will only make these systems more complex, driving the need for innovative basic research on multifunctional systems and antennas. This paper will provide an overview of the structure and function of the U.S. Army science and technology enterprise, describe requirements and applications for Army antennas and the EM environment in which they operate, and suggest promising areas for future research.
Matrix Cracking With Irregular Fracture Fronts as Observed in Fiber Reinforced Ceramic Composites

As a result of matrix cracking in fiber reinforced composites, fracture planforms assume a wide variation of profiles due to the fact that fiber bridging strongly affects the behavior of local crack fronts. This observation raises the question on the legitimacy of commonly used penny-shaped crack solutions when applied to fiber reinforced composites. Accordingly, investigation of the effects of fracture front profiles on mechanical responses is the thrust of this paper. We start with the solution of a penny-shaped crack in a unidirectional, fiber reinforced composite, which demonstrates necessarity of considering wavy fracture fronts in fiber reinforced composites. A theoretical framework for fiber reinforced composites with irregular fracture fronts due to matrix cracking is then established via a micromechanics model. The difference between small crack-size matrix cracking and large crack-size matrix cracking is investigated in detail. It is shown that the bridging effect is insignificant when matrix crack size is small and solution of effective property are obtained using Mori-Tanaka’s method by treating cracks and reinforcing fibers as distinct, but interacting phases. When the crack size becomes large, the bridging effects has to be taken into consideration. With bridging tractions obtained in consistency with the micromechanics solution, and corresponding crack energy backed out, the effective properties are obtained through a modification of standard Mori-Tanaka’s treatment of multiphase composites. Analytical solutions show that the generalization of a crack density of a penny-shaped planform is insufficient in describing the effective responses of fiber-reinforced composites with matrix cracking. Approximate solutions that account for the effects of the irregularity of crack planforms are given in closed forms for several irregular crack planforms, including cracks of cross rectangle, polygon and rhombus.
Graduate-level Non-Degree Seeking Students: A Growing Audience

Abstract Described as “ripe for the picking,” non-degree seeking (NDS) students in graduate education are creating an accelerated awareness of how little is known by institutional, state, and federal stakeholders about this population. Recognition of the unidentified learning objectives, limited student services, and ambivalence within the university towards graduate-level NDS students prompted an exploratory case study at the University of South Florida. The purpose of the study was to identify who these students are, what value they have at multiple levels within the University, and what is being done to support their learning objectives. Findings revealed significant methodological challenges, with minimal research and limited record keeping illuminating why this “hidden college” exists. The study took on immediate import at the University and highlighted the obvious application to improve services for this population. Multiple suggestions for NDS graduate student services are outlined.
Ubiquitous heterogeneity and asymmetry of the chromatin environment at regulatory elements

Gene regulation at functional elements (e.g., enhancers, promoters, insulators) is governed by an interplay of nucleosome remodeling, histone modifications, and transcription factor binding. To enhance our understanding of gene regulation, the ENCODE Consortium has generated a wealth of ChIP-seq data on DNA-binding proteins and histone modifications. We additionally generated nucleosome positioning data on two cell lines, K562 and GM12878, by MNase digestion and high-depth sequencing. Here we relate 14 chromatin signals (12 histone marks, DNase, and nucleosome positioning) to the binding sites of 119 DNA-binding proteins across a large number of cell lines. We developed a new method for unsupervised pattern discovery, the Clustered AGgregation Tool (CAGT), which accounts for the inherent heterogeneity in signal magnitude, shape, and implicit strand orientation of chromatin marks. We applied CAGT on a total of 5084 data set pairs to obtain an exhaustive catalog of high-resolution patterns of histone modifications and nucleosome positioning signals around bound transcription factors. Our analyses reveal extensive heterogeneity in how histone modifications are deposited, and how nucleosomes are positioned around binding sites. With the exception of the CTCF/cohesin complex, asymmetry of nucleosome positioning is predominant. Asymmetry of histone modifications is also widespread, for all types of chromatin marks examined, including promoter, enhancer, elongation, and repressive marks. The fine-resolution signal shapes discovered by CAGT unveiled novel correlation patterns between chromatin marks, nucleosome positioning, and sequence content. Meta-analyses of the signal profiles revealed a common vocabulary of chromatin signals shared across multiple cell lines and binding proteins.
Regulation of Syk kinase and FcRβ expression in human basophils during treatment with omalizumab

Background In human basophils from different subjects, maximum IgE-mediated histamine release and the level of Syk protein expression correlate well. Recent studies suggest that in some patients treated with omalizumab, the response to stimulation with anti-IgE antibody increases. In unrelated studies there is also evidence that the composition of FceRI in basophils differs among subjects. This observation raised the possibility that the stoichiometry of FcRβ/FceRIα is not fixed to a 1:1 ratio and might be modifiable during changes in the basophil's environment. Objective We sought to determine whether treatment with omalizumab results in increases in Syk expression and anti-IgE–mediated histamine release and disproportionately alters the relative presence of FcRβ and FceRIα. Method Syk, FceRIα, and FcRβ expression was monitored during the treatment of subjects with omalizumab. Results Treatment with omalizumab reduced histamine release from peripheral blood leukocytes stimulated with cat allergen in vitro , but histamine release stimulated with anti-IgE antibody increased 2-fold. Expression of Syk increased 1.86-fold. There was no change in the expression of c-Cbl, a signaling element that is sensitive to the presence of IL-3, and no increase in response to formyl-met-leu-phe (tripeptide), a response that also increases in the presence of IL-3. There was a 60% decrease in the FcRβ/FceRIα ratio in patients treated with omalizumab. Conclusions In the context of previous studies, these studies provide support for a proposal that Syk expression is modulated in vivo through an IgE-dependent mechanism and that the ratio of FceRI α and β subunits in basophils is influenced by factors extrinsic to the cell.
Structure of Chromosomal Duplicons and their Role in Mediating Human Genomic Disorders

Chromosome-specific low-copy repeats, or duplicons, occur in multiple regions of the human genome. Homologous recombination between different duplicon copies leads to chromosomal rearrangements, such as deletions, duplications, inversions, and inverted duplications, depending on the orientation of the recombining duplicons. When such rearrangements cause dosage imbalance of a developmentally important gene(s), genetic diseases now termed genomic disorders result, at a frequency of 0.7-1/1000 births. Duplicons can have simple or very complex structures, with variation in copy number from 2 to >10 repeats, and each varying in size from a few kilobases in length to hundreds of kilobases. Analysis of the different duplicons involved in human genomic disorders identifies features that may predispose to recombination, including large size and high sequence identity between the recombining copies, putative recombination promoting features, and the presence of multiple genes/pseudogenes that may include genes expressed in germ cells. Most of the chromosome rearrangements involve duplicons near pericentromeric regions, which may relate to the propensity of such regions to accumulate duplicons. Detailed analyses of the structure, polymorphic variation, and mechanisms of recombination in genomic disorders, as well as the evolutionary origin of various duplicons will further our understanding of the structure, function, and fluidity of the human genome.
Differential absorption radar techniques: surface pressure

Abstract. Two radar pulses sent at different frequencies near the 60 GHz O2 absorption band can be used to determine surface pressure by measuring the differential absorption on and off the band. Results of inverting synthetic data assuming an airborne radar are presented. The analysis includes the effects of temperature, water vapor, and hydrometeors, as well as particle size distributions and surface backscatter uncertainties. Results show that an airborne radar (with sensitivity of −20 and 0.05 dBZ speckle and relative calibration uncertainties) can estimate surface pressure with a precision of ~ 1.0 hPa and accuracy better than 1.0 hPa for clear-sky and cloudy conditions and better than 3.5 hPa for precipitating conditions. Generally, accuracy would be around 0.5 and 2 hPa for non-precipitating and precipitating conditions, respectively.
Validity and Reliability of Self-reported Diabetes in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

The objective of this study was to assess the validity of prevalent and incident self-reported diabetes compared with multiple reference definitions and to assess the reliability (repeatability) of a self-reported diagnosis of diabetes. Data from 10,321 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study who attended visit 4 (1996-1998) were analyzed. Prevalent self-reported diabetes was compared with reference definitions defined by fasting glucose and medication use obtained at visit 4. Incident self-reported diabetes was assessed during annual follow-up telephone calls and was compared with reference definitions defined by fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and medication use obtained during an in-person visit attended by a subsample of participants (n = 1,738) in 2004-2005. The sensitivity of prevalent self-reported diabetes ranged from 58.5% to 70.8%, and specificity ranged from 95.6% to 96.8%, depending on the reference definition. Similarly, the sensitivity of incident self-reported diabetes ranged from 55.9% to 80.4%, and specificity ranged from 84.5% to 90.6%. Percent positive agreement of self-reported diabetes during 9 years of repeat assessments ranged from 92.7% to 95.4%. Both prevalent self-reported diabetes and incident self-reported diabetes were 84%-97% specific and 55%-80% sensitive as compared with reference definitions using glucose and medication criteria. Self-reported diabetes was >92% reliable over time.
Reasons for Starting and Stopping Electronic Cigarette Use

The aim of our study was to explore reasons for starting and then stopping electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use. Among a national sample of 3878 U.S. adults who reported ever trying e-cigarettes, the most common reasons for trying were curiosity (53%); because a friend or family member used, gave, or offered e-cigarettes (34%); and quitting or reducing smoking (30%). Nearly two-thirds (65%) of people who started using e-cigarettes later stopped using them. Discontinuation was more common among those whose main reason for trying was not goal-oriented (e.g., curiosity) than goal-oriented (e.g., quitting smoking) (81% vs. 45%, p < 0.001). The most common reasons for stopping e-cigarette use were that respondents were just experimenting (49%), using e-cigarettes did not feel like smoking cigarettes (15%), and users did not like the taste (14%). Our results suggest there are two categories of e-cigarette users: those who try for goal-oriented reasons and typically continue using and those who try for non-goal-oriented reasons and then typically stop using. Research should distinguish e-cigarette experimenters from motivated users whose decisions to discontinue relate to the utility or experience of use. Depending on whether e-cigarettes prove to be effective smoking cessation tools or whether they deter cessation, public health programs may need distinct strategies to reach and influence different types of users.
Grid Losses in Power Amplifiers

In spite of the widespread use of radio-frequency power amplifiers, apparently no measurements of the power required to drive such amplifiers have ever been made. In this paper, a study of driving power is made at 60 cycles. It is found that the power input to the grid is proportional to the d-c grid current raised to the 1.34 power. The proportionality factor depends on the type of tube and the plate circuit conditions. With constant grid current the grid power input is found to be practically independent of grid bias voltage. A simple theory, based on an assumed relation between grid current and voltage, agrees quite well with the experimental results. Data are then given on six types of commercial air cooled transmitting tubes showing driving power, a-c driving voltage, gross power output and efficiency as functions of the d-c grid current. Finally, the effects of primary and secondary electron emission by the grid on the driving power are considered.
Prothrombotic mechanisms and anticoagulant therapy in dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia

Objective To review the pathophysiology of thrombosis in hemolytic disease, and the efficacy of thromboprophylaxis in dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA). Data Sources Computerized searches of Pubmed, INDEX VETERINARIUS, and the journal database of the Veterinary Information Network, and a manual search of bibliographies of published manuscripts. Human Data Synthesis Experimental data suggest that hemolysis leads to the induction of the potent procoagulant tissue factor on monocytes and endothelial cells and subsequent activation of coagulation. In addition, damaged red cells, activated platelets, and small cell-derived membrane vesicles called microparticles may contribute to coagulation by providing membrane surfaces containing exposed anionic phospholipids that serve as docking sites for prothrombinase (factor Va-factor Xa) and tenase (factor VIIIa–factor IXa) complexes of the coagulation cascade. Some microparticles also contain tissue factor, further fueling coagulation. Thromboprophylaxis for hemolytic disease in people primarily targets the coagulation cascade rather than platelets, as most thromboemboli are of venous rather than arterial origin. The use of unfractionated heparin is closely monitored to ensure therapeutic levels are reached. Veterinary Data Synthesis Thromboembolic disease is a major factor affecting survival in dogs with IMHA. It is likely that hemolysis contributes to the prothrombotic state. Thrombosis occurs in both veins and arteries, with pulmonary thromboembolism (a venous thrombus) occurring very commonly. Evidence suggests that tissue factor mediates the development of the prothrombotic state. Heparin, and the anti-platelet agents aspirin, and clopidogrel have been used for thromboprophylaxis in dogs with IMHA. However, a lack of validated therapeutic endpoints and controlled studies make it difficult to determine if survival is affected or if 1 drug is more effective than another. Conclusions Prospective clinical trials comparing individually adjusted heparin or other anti-coagulant drugs to anti-platelet drugs are needed to make evidence-based recommendations for thromboprophylaxis in dogs with IMHA.
Periprosthetic Bone Loss in Total Hip Arthroplasty: Polyethylene Wear Debris and the Concept of the Effective Joint Space

Thirty-four hips in which there had been prosthetic replacement were selected for study because of the presence of linear (diffuse) or lytic (localized) areas of periprosthetic bone loss. In all hips, there was careful documentation of the anatomical location of the material that had been obtained for histological analysis, and the specific purpose of the removal of the tissue was for examination to determine the cause of the resorption of bone. Specimens from twenty-three hips were retrieved during an operation and from eleven hips, at autopsy. The area of bone loss was linear only in sixteen hips, lytic only in thirteen, and both linear and lytic in five. In all thirty-four hips, intracellular particulate debris was found in the macrophages that were present in the area of bone resorption. All thirty-four had intracellular particles of polyethylene, many of which were less than one micrometer in size. Thirty-one hips had extracellular particles of polyethylene as well. Twenty-two of the thirty-four hips had intracellular metallic debris; in ten, metallic debris was found extracellularly as well. Ten of the sixteen cemented specimens had intracellular and extracellular polymethylmethacrylate debris. In the mechanically stable prostheses--cemented and uncemented--polyethylene wear debris was identified in areas of bone resorption far from the articular surfaces. The number of macrophages in a microscopic field was directly related to the amount of particulate polyethylene debris that was visible by light microscopy. Although the gross radiographic appearances of linear bone loss and lytic bone loss were different, the histological appearance of the regions in which there was active bone resorption was similar. Regardless of the radiographic appearance and anatomical origin of the specimen, bone resorption was found to occur in association with macrophages that were laden with polyethylene debris. In general, the number of macrophages present had a direct relationship to the degree of bone resorption that was seen. We believe that these findings indicate that joint fluid penetrates far more extensively than previously thought, even in a well fixed component, along the interface between the prosthesis and bone and in the periprosthetic tissues; it is often more extensive than is shown by arthrography. We therefore suggest the concept of the effective joint space to include all periprosthetic regions that are accessible to joint fluid and thus accessible to particulate debris.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A Clustering Technique for Early Detection of Dominant and Recessive Cross-Cutting Concerns

This paper describes an approach for automating the detection of early aspects. Based on hierarchical clustering and an underlying probabilistic algorithm, the technique generates initial requirements clusters representing relatively homogenous feature sets, use cases and potential cross-cutting concerns. A second clustering phase is then applied in which dominant terms are identified and removed from each of the initial clusters, allowing new clusters to form around less dominant terms. This second phase enables previously inter-tangled aspects to be detected. Three metrics are introduced to differentiate potential cross-cutting concerns from other types of clusters. The approach is illustrated through an example based on the Public Health Watcher case study.
Enantiospecific photochemical 6π-ring closure of α-substituted atropisomeric acrylanilides – role of alkali metal ions

Direct irradiation of atropisomeric α-substituted acrylanilides in the presence of alkali metal ions gave high ee values in the 3,4-dihydro-2-quinolin-2-one photoproduct, while in the absence of alkali metal ions, racemic photoproduct was observed. The heavy atom effect leading to enhanced triplet yields alters the reactive pathway leading to the observed enantioselectivity in the photoproduct.
NOMENCLATURAL TYPIFICATIONS IN POLYGONUM SECTION ECHINOCAULON (POLYGONACEAE)

The nomenclature and typification of all known species ofPolygonumi sectionEchinocaulon are clarified, and the correct names and synonyms are presented. Lectotypes are selected.
Mission and Sustainability of Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside (i2b2)

Introduction: A visible example of a successfully disseminated research project in the healthcare space is Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside, or i2b2. The project serves to provide the software that can allow a researcher to do direct, self-serve queries against the electronic healthcare data form a hospital. The goals of these queries are to find cohorts of patients that fit specific profiles, while providing for patient privacy and discretion. Sustaining this resource and keeping its direction has always been a challenge, but ever more so as the ten year National Centers for Biomedical Computing (NCBCs) sunset their funding. Findings: Building on the i2b2 structures has helped the dissemination plans for grants leveraging it because it is a disseminated national resource. While this has not directly increased the support of i2b2 internally, it has increased the ability of institutions to leverage the resource and generally leads to increased institutional support. Discussion: The successful development, use, and dissemination i2b2 has been significant in clinical research and informat­ics. Its evolution has been from a local research data infrastruc­ture to one disseminated more broadly than any other product of the National Cen­ters for Biomedical Computing, and an infrastructure spawning larger investments than were originally used to create it. Throughout this, there were two main lessons about the benefits of dissemination: that people have great creativity in utilizing a resource in different ways and that broader system use can make the system more robust. One option for long-term sustainability of the central authority would be to translate the function to an industry partner. Another option currently being pursued is to create a foundation that would be a central authority for the project. Conclusion: Over the past 10 years, i2b2 has risen to be an important staple in the toolkit of health care researchers. There are now over 110 hospitals that use i2b2 for research. This open-source platform has a community of developers that are continuously enhancing the analytic capacities of the platform and inventing new func­tionality. By understanding how i2b2 has been sustained, we hope that other research infrastructure projects may better navigate options in making those initiatives sustainable over time.
Tariffs-The Lesser “War”

French and Dutch statesmen—Louis XIV, Lionne and Pomponne, De Witt and Van Beuningen alike — frankly called their dispute over the Spanish Netherlands the source of the conflict between their countries. Yet some historians have held doggedly to the belief that the true cause of the war of 1672 lay in Colbert’s tariffs of 1664 and 1667.1 They assumed that economic considerations dominated the thinking and actions of both statesmen and people in this controversy. As a result, they either failed to observe the contrary evidence, or arbitrarily interpreted it out of existence. The interest of French and Dutch leaders in economic matters is undeniable, however. The important question is the exact role they assigned to them.
Artificial Insemination Using Homologous Semen: A Review of 158 Cases

One hundred fifty-eight women underwent artificial insemination with homologous semen (AIH) in an attempt to achieve conception. Only 15 (9.5%) were successful. Women with anatomical abnormalities were not excluded from the study and they were less successful than the normal women, but results were disappointing in both groups. The most frequently recorded indication for AIH was decreased density or motility of the husband's sperm, but pregnancy occurred in only 2 of the 48 cases in which sperm count was consistently 6 /ml and in only 3 of the 63 cases in which sperm motility was consistently
Visualizing Nanocatalysts in Action from Color Change Reaction to Magnetic Recycling and Reuse

A demonstration to highlight the utility and ease of handling environmentally benign magnetically recoverable nanoparticle catalysts is described. The demonstration offers two powerful visuals. The first is a color change oxidation of tetramethylbenzidine by hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The second, and more pedagogically relevant to discussion of catalyst recycling, is the retrieval of these nanoparticles from solution with an external magnet and subsequent reuse for further rounds of catalysis. The demonstration, useful to instructors of general chemistry and green chemistry courses or animators of outreach activities, requires a modest time investment of less than 5 min, yet adds striking visual aids to discussions of catalyst recycling and reuse.
On the Crenation of Coated Droplets

The dynamic response of a small, very viscous, coated droplet is examined as additional fluid is deposited into a compressible surface layer. At early times, the surface material behaves like an incompressible fluid and a number of crenations form. These protuberances decrease in size and in number as the compressibility of the coating takes effect, until finally, the droplet again becomes spherical. This sequence of events and its dependence on the compressibility and rheological properties of the fluids are studied. Similar ruffling effects are observed in cell biology, and some of the possible implications of the fluid dynamical model are discussed.
Educational impact of paediatric palliative simulation study days

Background The use of simulation-based medical/nursing teaching is increasingly widespread. Simulation-based teaching offers an immersive learning experience where professionals can practice communication and practical skills in a safe, authentic environment. We designed a paediatric palliative simulation study day primarily aimed at nursing staff who manage these patients in the community/hospice. We believe this is the first of its kind in the UK. Aims To establish whether attendance at a paediatric palliative simulation study day improved confidence and knowledge in management of common and/or difficult situations in palliative care. Method Health professionals working at local paediatric hospices or in associated specialties to palliative care were invited to attend the free 1-day course. 5 scenarios were developed by experienced health professionals working in paediatric palliative care. On the day, participants were asked to complete a questionnaire to check basic demographic data, confidence levels and knowledge (50 true/false questions). Following participation/observation of 5 scenarios, they again completed the same questionnaire regarding confidence levels and knowledge. Results were analysed with Excel and XLStat using basic demographic data and Wilcoxon signed rank two-tailed test. Results 57 healthcare workers participated in 5 study days. 81% (n=47) professionals described themselves as working primarily in palliative care. Only 35% (n=20) had previously experienced simulation. Based on confidence questions, attendees felt more confident in managing specific palliative scenarios (p Conclusions The study demonstrated a significant improvement in confidence and knowledge following the simulation course. This supports further time/financial investment in developing this type of study day. Simulation is a useful teaching adjunct in paediatric palliative care. The course also provides a valuable opportunity for professionals to network and discuss/share experiences.
A retrospective appreciation of Willard Day's contributions to radical behaviorism and the analysis of verbal behavior.

Willard Day’s contributions to radical behaviorism are grouped under three headings: (a) an emphasis on the distinction between radical and methodological behaviorism; (b) an emphasis on the interpretation, rather than the prediction and control, of behavior; and (c) an emphasis on the analysis of verbal behavior as a natural, ongoing phenomenon. The paper suggests that the contributions above are listed in ascending order of significance.
Determination of cadmium, lead and copper in interstitial water by anodic stripping voltammetry

This paper gives the results of determination of cadmium, lead and copper in interstitial water of the coastal sediment, Seto Inland Sea, Japan by using anodic stripping voltammetry. An aliquot of 4–5 ml interstitial water separated from 30–70 ml of sediment is used for the simultaneous determination of ionic cadmium, lead and copper. No significant differences were observed on the content of trace metals between surface water and interstitial water of the top of the sediment.
The effectiveness of costal cartilage excision in children for slipping rib syndrome.

Abstract Purpose Slipping rib syndrome (SRS) is an elusive diagnosis. Previous reports have been single cases or small series. We previously reported a small multicenter review with encouraging early results. We now describe our matured experience. Methods This is a follow-up study of patients with SRS from 2006 to 2015. Included are 5 previously analyzed patients and 25 new patients. Patients were called to review current symptoms, course, and satisfaction. Results From 2006 to 2015, 30 patients underwent 38 operations. Eight underwent re-operation. All had reproducible pain localized to the costal margin, 60% had a popping sensation, and 23% were bilateral. 86% were female. Median age of symptom onset was 14 (IQR 13.75–15) years, while median age at diagnosis was 16 (IQR 15–17). Contact was possible with 18/30 patients, and mean follow up time was 1.3years. 72% of those felt they were cured, and 44% rated satisfaction a 10/10 (mean 7.84). Of those not cured, all reported significant improvement. Conclusions Costal cartilage excision is an effective treatment for SRS and should be considered early in the workup of costal margin pain in a normally active population. Case Series with no Comparison Group – Level IV .
Some Results on Non Constant Mean Curvature Solutions of the Einstein Constraint Equations

While the set of constant mean curvature solutions of Einstein’s constraint equations is fairly well-understood, those solutions which have nonconstant mean curvature have resisted study. Here, we discuss a result obtained by the authors, and independently Choquet-Bruhat, which shows how to obtain a large set of nonconstant mean curvature solutions. In [1], a Leray-Schauder version of the proof of our existence theorem is presented. Here, we sketch a more constructive proof, which is based on sub and super solution theory.
Scapulohumeral Rhythm of Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasties During Abduction

Background: Little is known about scapular kinematics in patients with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). Understanding how RTSA affects shoulder function may help refine its design, use, and rehabilitation strategies. The purpose of this study was to quantify motion in the reverse shoulder. The scapulohumeral rhythm (SHR) of the RTSA shoulder was calculated using 3d-2d image registration techniques. SHR was compared to normal subjects in literature to asses kinematic changes post RTSA. Methods: 26 subjects were recruited for an institutional review board approved study. Subjects who were ≥ 6 months post unilateral RTSA. Subjects were prompted to do abduction in the coronal plane with and without a 3 lb. weight. Three dimensional to two dimensional image registration techniques were used to derive orientation and position measurements for the humerus and scapula from dynamic x-ray. Tukey Honest differences statistics were used to assess significance differences between groups. Conclusion: SHR in RTSA subjects was found to be significantly lower than normal subjects found in the literature. Below 30° of abduction RTSA SHR was found to be highly variable from 17: 1–2: 1. Due to the variability results were represented with the range of 30° to max elevation. Above 30° RTSA SHR was found to average to be 1.8: 1 for un-weighted abduction and 1.2 for weighted abduction (Figures 1, 2). RTSA max range of motion (ROM) during weighted trials was significantly lower than un-weighted trials. RTSA SHR standard deviation decreased with increasing elevation. Discussion: RTSA subjects have significantly modified kinematics from normal subjects. In general RTSA SHR (1.8: 1) was significantly lower than normal (4: 1) subjects found in literature. In mid-range the normal and RTSA SHR is the same (Figure 1). The RTSA SHR is significantly different in lower and higher angles (Figures 1, 2). There is more glenohumeral rhythm in the normal group versus the RTSA group. More scapulothoracic motion was observed in the RTSA group at high levels and low levels of arm elevation. With this understanding of the motion of the reverse shoulder improvements can be made to the design and configuration of the implant to optimize RTSA outcomes.
Moroni and the Swastika: Mormons in Nazi Germany. By David Conley Nelson. (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2015. Pp. xvi, 416. $29.95.)

How does a historically persecuted group respond when confronted with the systematic oppression of another body of individuals? This is the central question asked in David Conley Nelson's examinati...
RespondR signature to predict potential alternative therapies for taxane resistant triple-negative breast cancer patients.

1078Background: There is a critical need to identify effective therapeutics for all triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. The 19-gene RespondR score significantly stratifies TNBC patients ...
An Analysis of the Reactivities of Epoxide Rings in Some Cyclic Hydrocarbons

The reactivities of the C-O bonds in the epoxide derivatives of several cyclic hydrocarbons are analyzed by means of ab initio self- consistent-field molecular orbital calculations. Of particular interest is the degree to which epoxide ring opening may be facilitated by either or both of two special factors: (1) The proximity, in the molecule, of a double bond, and (2) intramolecular hydrogen bonding between an appropriately oriented hydroxyl group and the epoxide oxygen. It is found that while the presence of a double bond can very markedly enhance the ease of opening both epoxide C-O bonds, no such effect can be attributed to a hydroxyl group, even when it does hydrogen bond to the epoxide. The mechanism by which a double bond can weaken the C-O bonds is not understood; it appears, however, that a hydroxyl group can interfere with it. The results of this investigation are of particular importance because of their relevance to the diol epoxides that are implicated as ultimate carcinogenic forms of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
US macroannouncements and international asset pricing

The world capital asset-pricing model is the benchmark model in international finance. However, recent research finds that the premium on the world market factor is insignificant. In this paper, we investigate if the world market risk premium is particularly significant on US macroeconomic announcement days. Empirically, we apply the methodology to daily country exchange-traded funds. Our findings suggest that although the world market risk premium is insignificant on nonannouncement days, it is strongly significant on US macroeconomic announcement days. In addition, we find that US monetary policy announcements are the most important macroeconomic announcements to drive the world market risk premium. Our findings are consistent with the notion of monetary policy uncertainty and the empirical literature that connects policy uncertainty with systematic risk.
Organizing Under Austerity: How Residents’ Concerns Became the Flint Water Crisis:

What might it take for politically marginalized residents to challenge cuts in public spending that threaten to harm their health and wellbeing? Specifically, how did residents of Flint, Michigan c...
Beyond the Border and Into the Heartland: Spatial Patterning of U.S. Immigration Detention

The expansion of U.S. immigration enforcement from the borders into the interior of the country and the fivefold increase in immigration detentions and deportations since 1995 raise important questions about how the enforcement of immigration law is spatially patterned across American communities. Focusing on the practice of immigration detention, the present study analyzes the records of all 717,160 noncitizens detained by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in 2008 and 2009-a period when interior enforcement was at its peak-to estimate states' detention rates and examine geographic variation in detention outcomes, net of individual characteristics. Findings reveal substantial state heterogeneity in immigration detention rates, which range from approximately 350 detentions per 100,000 noncitizens in Connecticut to more than 6,700 detentions per 100,000 noncitizens in Wyoming. After detainment, individuals' detention outcomes are geographically stratified, especially for detainees eligible for pretrial release. These disparities indicate the important role that geography plays in shaping individuals' chances of experiencing immigration detention and deportation.
190-P: EVALUATION OF CELL ISOLATION METHODS FOR FLOW CROSSMATCH OF DECEASED SOLID ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION

Aim Crossmatch (XM) for deceased solid organ transplant is a critical and challenging process due to limited cold ischemia time, the need for adequate cell yield and purity of cell isolation, and the process must be quick. In this study we evaluated different cell separation methods to select the most efficient one for clinical transplant crossmatch. Methods Lymphocytes were isolated following lab procedure and/or manufacturer instructions (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.) using Ficoll, RosetteSep, RosetteSep with SepMate Tube, EasySep magnetic selections. Flow T and B cell crossmatches were performed following lab procedure. Results The purity, yield, and average time spent isolating lymphocytes from PB samples obtained from 6 volunteers are given in the following table ( Table 1 ). Conclusions EasySep custom positive selection delivered excellent yield and purity; however, the cells showed strong background binding in the flow XM, making them unacceptable for use in the flow XM. The Ficoll method gave the highest yield with the lowest purity, which may require additional centrifugations to remove red cells, platelets and granulocyte, thus adding time for isolation. Many lymphocytes were lost during the separation using the RosetteSep and RosetteSep with SepMate Tube. However, the methods offer excellent cell purity and no additional separation is needed. Overall, the use of RosetteSep with SepMate tubes could be a practical method for routine lymphocyte isolation for deceased solid organ transplantation.
Co 3O 4-Co 2ZnO 4 spinels: The case for a solid solution

Abstract In prior first-principles theoretical work we predicted a complete solid solution in the Co3O4–Co2ZnO4 system, with a negligibly small mixing enthalpy. In this work we tested this prediction on bulk, large-grained specimens across the Co3O4–Co2ZnO4 join, combining oxide melt solution calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, precise lattice parameter measurements, anomalous X-ray and neutron diffraction, and in situ electrical measurements. The calorimetric results confirm the presence of a solid solution at high temperatures, but with a large enthalpy of mixing that exceeds the predicted value. Because Co3O4 and Co2ZnO4 have essentially identical lattice parameters, this energetic destabilization must arise from factors other than the strain energy resulting from size mismatch. Changes in Co3+ spin states vs. temperature and zinc content are proposed to account for the positive excess enthalpy, and may also provide additional entropy to stabilize the solid solution at high temperature.