cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risk of osteoporotic fractures in women with breast cancer: A population-based cohort study

A population-based study was undertaken to assess the risk of osteoporotic fractures in an inception cohort of breast cancer patients and an age-matched cohort of women from the community. Prior to the index date, 9.4% of cases and 12.3% of controls (p = 0.30) had one or more osteoporotic fractures. After the index date, these proportions were 16.2 and 20.0% (p = 0.28), but follow-up was shorter for cases due to reduced survival. When duration of follow-up was accounted for in a person-years analysis, the relative risk of any fracture was 1.0 and for any osteoporotic fracture was 0.9 (95% C.I. 0.7-1.2). After adjusting for other factors in a proportional hazards model, the relative risk of any osteoporotic fracture in breast cancer cases compared to controls was 0.9. Despite contentions that breast cancer patients have more often been exposed to estrogenic factors, we found little to suggest that such women are substantially protected from osteoporotic fractures.
An infrared-scene projector digital model

In infrared-scene projectors, an inherent variability for each emitter element manifests itself as fixed-pattern noise, or nonuniformity. This is unacceptable for valid sensor performance evaluation tasks. This article describes an infrared-scene projector digital model that will be used to simulate infrared-scene projection to assist algorithm development to eliminate this nonuniformity.
Pancreatic islets express a Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 enzyme that contains a repeated structural motif homologous to the integral membrane protein binding domain of ankyrin.

Abstract Pancreatic islets express a Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 (CaI-PLA2) activity that is sensitive to inhibition by a haloenol lactone suicide substrate that also attenuates glucose-induced hydrolysis of arachidonic acid from islet phospholipids and insulin secretion. A cDNA has been cloned from a rat islet cDNA library that encodes a protein with a deduced amino acid sequence of 751 residues that is homologous to a CaI-PLA2 enzyme recently cloned from Chinese hamster ovary cells. Transient transfection of both COS-7 cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells with the cloned islet CaI-PLA2 cDNA resulted in an increase in cellular CaI-PLA2 activity, and this activity was susceptible to inhibition by haloenol lactone suicide substrate. The domain of the islet CaI-PLA2 from amino acid residues 150-414 is composed of eight stretches of a repeating sequence motif of approximately 33-amino acid residues in length that is highly homologous to domains of ankyrin that bind both tubulin and integral membrane proteins, including several proteins that regulate ionic fluxes across membranes. These findings complement previous pharmacologic observations that suggest that CaI-PLA2 may participate in regulating transmembrane ion flux in glucose-stimulated β-cells.
Dynamic mix zone: location data sanitizing in assisted environments

Pervasive technology has been widely used in assistive environments and aware homes. The issue of how to preserve the privacy of patients being monitored has been attracting more public concerns. In assistive environments, location data of patients are collected through sensors for behavior patterns analysis, and they can also be shared among researchers for further research for early disease diagnosis. However, location information, even though de-identified, also introduces the risk of privacy leakage. A series of consecutive location samples can be considered as a trajectory of a single person, and this may leak private information if obtained by malicious users. This paper discusses this problem and proposes a location randomization algorithm to protect users’ location privacy. Two privacy metrics according to location privacy are defined and used to evaluate the proposed approach. A method using dynamic mix zones is proposed to confound trajectories of two or more persons.
Object detection in hyperspectral imagery by using K-means clustering algorithm with pre-processing

K-means clustering method has been employed in different applications of data analysis. This paper develops a target detection system using the k-means algorithm including a preprocessing step based on the Euclidean distance. The pre-processing step reduces the computational complexity of the k-means algorithm in case of hyperspectral imagery. After reducing the set of pixels in the background from the data by using the pre-processing step, k-means algorithm is employed to determine the clusters in rest of the image data cube. Having obtained the clustered data, the objects of interest can easily be detected using the known target signature. The proposed clustering algorithm is successfully applied to the real life hyperspectral data sets where the objects of interest can efficiently be detected. The proposed scheme effectively reduces the convergence time of the k-mean algorithm compared to that required by the traditional k-means algorithm.
A split stream lon exchange chromatographic method for isolating amino acids and peptides

Abstract The technique whereby a standard type single-column amino acid analyser may be modified to operate in a split stream mode is described. The column effluent is divided so that 1 10 proceeds to reaction with ninhydrin in the regular way and 9 10 proceeds to a fraction collector. Approximately 1–2 nmoles only of each amino acid is necessary for generation of the analog display. The split stream analyser has proved to be valuable in the isolation of several peptides and two glycosides.
APPROACHES TO THE DESIGN OF DIAGNOSTIC ITEM MODELS

Quantitative item models are item structures that may be expressed in terms of mathematical variables and constraints. An item model may be developed as a computer program from which large numbers of items are automatically generated. Item models can be used to produce large numbers of items for use in traditional, large-scale assessments. But they have potential for use in other areas as well, including diagnostic assessment. In this report, I first review research on diagnostic assessment and then discuss how approaches to diagnostic assessment can inform the design of diagnostic item models.
Thermoplastic matrix sheet composites

Until recently, most high performance composites have been made with low-viscosity thermosetting polymers. These polymers are ideally suited for producing composites in low production quantities because a wide variety of custom shapes can be manufactured without a high degree of mechanization. As the demand for composites increases, there is a need to develop high-volume production techniques. Thermoplastic polymer-based composites are better suited to high-volume production than thermoset-based composites because only heat and pressure are needed to form parts; no chemical reaction is required. Thermoplastic matrix composites are not well suited for low-volume production runs because the need to handle high temperatures and pressures demands equipment that is best utilized for large production runs. In addition to processing advantages, thermoplastic matrix composites exhibit improved impact strength and chemical resistance over most thermoset-based composites. In the course of this work, composites reinforced with long and continuous glass fibers were produced that had tensile strengths as high as 270 MPa, tensile moduli of 16.2 GPa, and notched Izod impact strengths of 11.1 J/cm.
Parenting Behavior, Child Functioning, and Health Behaviors in Preadolescents With Type 1 Diabetes

All correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Randi Streisand, PhD, CDE, Departmentof Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave NW,Washington, DC, 20010, E-mail: rstreis@cnmc.org.Received November 15, 2010; revisions received April 27, 2011; accepted May 9, 2011Objective To examine the association of critical parenting behaviors with preadolescent reported depressivesymptoms, self-efficacy, and self-care behaviors in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Method A total of84 youth with T1D, ages 9–11 years, completed the Diabetes Family Behavior Checklist, Child DepressionInventory, Self-Efficacy for Diabetes scale, and Self-Care Inventory during a baseline assessment for arandomized controlled trial of an intervention to promote adherence. Results Preadolescents whoreported more critical parenting behaviors reported more depressive symptoms and lower self-efficacy.The relationship between critical parenting and self-efficacy was partially mediated by depressive symptoms.In a second model, depressive symptoms were associated with lower self-efficacy and fewer self-carebehaviors. The relationship between depressive symptoms and self-care was fully mediated byself-efficacy. Conclusions Critical parenting behaviors are associated with preadolescents’ psychologicalwell-being, which has implications for self-care. Clinical implications include decreasing critical parentingbehaviors and monitoring preadolescents with T1D for depressive symptoms.Key words adherence; critical parenting; depression; self-efficacy; type 1 diabetes.
A commentary on "leading change with the 5-P Model: 'complexing' the Swan and Dolphin Hotels at Walt Disney World".

The management of the Swan and Dolphin Hotels found value in using the 5-P Model for implementing planned change. While such clearly defined methods can achieve desired outcomes, this commentary suggests that a symbolic lens is also useful in capturing and addressing important features of the change process. The success of a symbolic perspective depends in large measure on the leader's ability to listen and to understand how organizational members make sense of the changes taking place. Each stage in the 5-P process is discussed in light of insights gained from a leader who listens and recognizes.
What's in her pocket: worsening diverticulitis.

PRESENTATION Contrast concealed the culprit when a 54-year-old woman presented with a 5-day history of pain in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen and subjective fevers. Her white blood cell count on admission was elevated at 19.1 x 10 cells/mm. Her medical history included diverticulosis. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen with intravenous (IV) and oral contrast revealed an area of fat stranding adjacent to diverticulosis of the proximal sigmoid colon. This finding was consistent with acute diverticulitis. The patient began a regimen of IV ciprofloxacin and IV metronidazole. Yet, during the next 4 days, her pain worsened, and she required increasing amounts of pain medication.
Synthesis of a nonpeptide carbon-11 labeled substance P antagonist for PET studies

CP 96,345 is a nonpeptide high affinity antagonist of the substance P (NK,) receptor. The radiosynthesis of [ “C]CP 96,345 suitable for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) applications is described. [ “C]CP 96,345 was prepared by 0-methylation of a desmethyl precursor via in situ generation of its phenolate salt. The in uivo tissue distribution of [ “C]CP 96,345 in guinea pigs (n = 2) at 5 and 30 min was determined. Uptake was low in brain ( z 0.04% dose/g) and highest ( z l-2% dose/g) in the spleen and lungs. The present findings indicate that the use of [ “C]CP 96,345 in PET might be more applicable to the study of substance P receptors in peripheral tissues involved with inflammatory disease and arthritis.
Perivascular Adipose Tissue Potentiates Contraction of Coronary Vascular Smooth Muscle: Influence of Obesity

Background—This investigation examined the mechanisms by which coronary perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT)–derived factors influence vasomotor tone and the PVAT proteome in lean versus obese swine....
The pharmacogenetics of cytochrome P450 enzymes in personalized medicine

Personalized medicine is partially enabled by in vitro diagnostics including pharmacogenomic, proteomic and other functional testing such as therapeutic drug management and toxicological testing. This paper will introduce the conceptual aspects of developing personalized treatment using pharmacogenetics information. The initial discussion will give an overview of the application of pharmacogenetics in personalized medicine, followed by specific examples involving cytochrome P450s drug metabolizing enzymes (CYP enzymes). The paper also discusses the influence of racial and ethnic characteristics of a population on the variation in drug effectiveness and toxicity. The need for implementation of pharmacogenetics in medical education is highlighted.
Effects of pancreatic polypeptide on pancreas-projecting rat dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus neurons.

We investigated the pre- and postsynaptic effects of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) on identified pancreas-projecting neurons of the rat dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus in thin brain stem slices. Pe...
Glucose metabolic rate kinetic model parameter determination in humans: the lumped constants and rate constants for [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose and [11C]deoxyglucose.

The rate constants and lumped constants (LCs) for [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) and [11C]deoxyglucose ([11C]DG) were determined in humans for the glucose metabolic rate kinetic model used to measure local cerebral glucose consumption. The mean values (±SE) of the LCs for [18F]FDG and [11C]DG are 0.52 ± 0.028 (n = 9) and 0.56 ± 0.043 (n = 6), respectively. The mean values (±SE) of the rate constants k*1, k*2, k*3, and k*4 for [18F]FDG for gray matter are 0.095 ± 0.005, 0.125 ± 0.002, 0.069 ± 0.002, and 0.0055 ± 0.0003, respectively. The corresponding values for white matter are 0.065 ± 0.005, 0.126 ± 0.003, 0.066 ± 0.002, and 0.0054 ± 0.0006, respectively. Using these values and previously published values for the rate constants for [11C]DG, the average whole-brain metabolic rates for glucose in normal subjects measured with [18F]FDG and [11C]DG are 5.66 ± 0.37 (n = 6) and 4.99 ± 0.23 (n = 6) mg/100 g/min, respectively. These values are not significantly different (t = 1.56, p > 0.10) and agree well w...
Detection of rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain and T-cell receptor beta chain in leukemic cells by restricted polymerase chain reaction.

Rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain and of the T-cell receptor beta subunit was analyzed by using restricted polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To differentiate between the germline configuration and the rearranged genome in a DNA sample extracted from lymphocytes, we compared the ratio of the amplified products. The intensity of amplification of the intron region (JHF) upstream of the first joining region was compared to the intensity of joining region 6 of the immunoglobulin heavy chain. The number of the amplification cycles in the PCR was designated in such a way that the ratio of JHF/JH6 was less than one in the rearranged configuration. As the concentration of clonal B-lymphocytes with the rearranged genome in the sample increased the amplification of the JHF intron proportionally decreased. We used the same approach for the two constant regions of the T-cell receptor beta chain. As one of the intron regions of the constant sequence became depleted by rearrangement so the amplification of the particular region decreased. Therefore, the absence or decreased concentration of a particular product of amplification indicated deletion and thus rearrangement of the genome in the leukemic B- or T-lymphocytes. The threshold of detection of cells with the rearranged genome on a photograph of agarose gel loaded with the particular amplified regions and staining with the ethidium bromide is less than 10% by densitometric tracing and 25–50% by visual evaluation. This novel approach allows the detection of the rearranged DNA sequences in a 2 day span. Hence, it can serve as a diagnostic tool for the identification of clonal expansion of lymphocytes in acute leukemias and lymphomas in particular and for the detection of deleted genomic regions in general.
Glucose intolerance as a predictor of hypertension in pregnancy.

Insulin resistance is associated with and may be causal in essential hypertension, but the relation between insulin resistance and hypertension arising de novo in pregnancy is unclear. Transient hypertension of pregnancy (new-onset nonproteinuric hypertension of late pregnancy) is associated with a high risk of later essential hypertension and thus may have similar pathophysiology. To assess the association between glucose intolerance and subsequent development of proteinuric and nonproteinuric hypertension in pregnancy in women without underlying essential hypertension or overt glucose intolerance, we performed a retrospective case-control study comparing glucose levels on routine screening for gestational diabetes mellitus among women subsequently developing hypertension. Women who developed hypertension in pregnancy (n = 97) had significantly higher glucose levels on 50-g oral glucose loading test (P or = 7.8 mmol/L) (P < .01) than women who remained normotensive (n = 77). Relative glucose intolerance was particularly common in women who developed nonproteinuric hypertension. Women who developed hypertension also had greater prepregnancy body mass index (P < or = .0001) and baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressures (P < or = .0001 for both), although all subjects were normotensive at baseline by study design. However, after adjustment for these and other potential confounders, an abnormal glucose loading test remained a significant predictor of development of hypertension (P < .05) and, specifically, nonproteinuric hypertension in pregnancy (P < .01). Among a subgroup of women in whom insulin levels were also measured (n = 80), there was a nonsignificant trend toward higher insulin levels in women developing hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Multipulse effects in the damage to the LCLS reflective optics

The planned Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) will operate at a rate of 120 x-ray pulses per second. Therefore, when considering effects leading to the damage to its optics, one has to be concerned not only with a possible damage within one pulse, but also with effects accumulating during many pulses. Two of such effects: a thermal fatigue, and the intensity-dependent radiation damage, have been identified and analyzed in this paper. Constraints on the admissible fluence per pulse have been derived and ways for decreasing the impact of the multi-pulse effects have been suggested.
The Evolution of the Goddard Profiling Algorithm (GPROF) for Rainfall Estimation from Passive Microwave Sensors

Abstract This paper describes the latest improvements applied to the Goddard profiling algorithm (GPROF), particularly as they apply to the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Most of these improvements, however, are conceptual in nature and apply equally to other passive microwave sensors. The improvements were motivated by a notable overestimation of precipitation in the intertropical convergence zone. This problem was traced back to the algorithm's poor separation between convective and stratiform precipitation coupled with a poor separation between stratiform and transition regions in the a priori cloud model database. In addition to now using an improved convective–stratiform classification scheme, the new algorithm also makes use of emission and scattering indices instead of individual brightness temperatures. Brightness temperature indices have the advantage of being monotonic functions of rainfall. This, in turn, has allowed the algorithm to better define the uncertainties needed by the sc...
Graphical Causal Models

This chapter discusses the use of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) for causal inference in the observational social sciences. It focuses on DAGs’ main uses, discusses central principles, and gives applied examples. DAGs are visual representations of qualitative causal assumptions: They encode researchers’ beliefs about how the world works. Straightforward rules map these causal assumptions onto the associations and independencies in observable data. The two primary uses of DAGs are (1) determining the identifiability of causal effects from observed data and (2) deriving the testable implications of a causal model. Concepts covered in this chapter include identification, d-separation, confounding, endogenous selection, and overcontrol. Illustrative applications then demonstrate that conditioning on variables at any stage in a causal process can induce as well as remove bias, that confounding is a fundamentally causal rather than an associational concept, that conventional approaches to causal mediation analysis are often biased, and that causal inference in social networks inherently faces endogenous selection bias. The chapter discusses several graphical criteria for the identification of causal effects of single, time-point treatments (including the famous backdoor criterion), as well identification criteria for multiple, time-varying treatments.
Dialysis Vascular Access Intervention and the Search for Biomarkers

Hemodialysis vascular accesses are often referred to by any one of a triad of tropes: lifeline because of their indispensability for hemodialysis; Achilles’ heel since access complications contribute substantially to the morbidity and mortality in this patient population; and Cinderella as the
LPS-mediated NF-kappa beta activation in rat Kupffer cells can be induced independently of CD14

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation of macrophages occurs after LPS complexed with serum LPS-binding protein (LBP) binds CD14. Activation of the nuclear transcription factor NF-kappa B is directly related to this event. Since the role of CD14 in LPS signaling has not been evaluated in Kupffer cells, the resident hepatic macrophage, the purpose of this study was to characterize LPS-mediated NF-kappa B activation under CD14-dependent (1% serum, as a source of LBP) and CD14-independent (serum-free) conditions. Classic CD14-dependent signaling was seen in peritoneal macrophages where serum potentiated NF-kappa B activation. However, in Kupffer cells, NF-kappa B was activated by LPS under CD14-independent conditions, and this response was not potentiated by serum. The activation of NF-kappa B in Kupffer cells, by 1 ng/ml LPS, reached a maximum within 60 min of stimulation. However, peritoneal macrophage NF-kappa B activation occurred only in serum and increased progressively through 240 min of stimulation. These results suggest a novel mechanism of LPS-mediated activation in Kupffer cells that may represent an adaptation to their role in clearance and detoxification of gut-derived endotoxin.
Resonance Testing of Full-Scale Structures

A system of synchronized counter-rotating eccentric weight vibration generators suitable for resonance testing of full-scale structures is described. A special electronically controlled amplidyne drive permits speed control to 0.1% and stable operation in structures having damping as low as 1/2% critical. The force generator units can be distributed in a structure in various phase relations to permit a separation of separate modes of vibration.
KLF8: so different in ovarian and breast cancer.

At the time when KLF8 was cloned as a FAK-induced gene, nothing but a partial mRNA sequence of it was known. During the study into the role of KLF8 in FAK-promoted cell cycle progression [1], we noticed that KLF8 expression is upregulated in some human cancer cell lines particularly breast and ovarian cancer types as demonstrated by the Stanford University cDNA microarray database for the NCI-60 human cancer cell line panel. Meanwhile, we also obtained unpublished data showing that ectopic overexpression of KLF8 prolongs survival of various cell types in nutrient-deprived or over-consumed medium. These observations pointed to a potential role of KLF8 in cancer.
The Influence of Castration on Growth Performance of Simmental Cattle Aged from 17 to 21 Months

The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of castration on daily gain and body size of Simmental cattle.50 healthy Simmental cattle(16 month)were used in a paired design of single factor by body weight.The results showed that 17 to 21 months of age,body weight and the average daily gain of castrated groups were lower than uncastrated group,respectively,there were no significant difference(P0.05).17 to 21months of age,body height,body length,chest circumference and hip width's length and month growth of the castrated group and uncastrated group,were all no significant difference(P0.05).The first months after castration(17month of age),body height,hip width and ischial-end width's month growth of castrated group were extremely significantly less than uncastrated group(P0.01).17 to 19 months of age,ischial-end width of castrated group was significantly less than uncastrated group(P 0.05).The whole period of average month increase of abdominal perimeter,castrated group was more than in uncastrated group(P0.01).The results suggested that the whole period of average daily gain of castrated Simmental cattle was less than uncastrated.The growth curve of castrated Simmental exponential was exponential curve,and uncastrated Simmental was"S".Inhibated the growth of body height,hip width and ischial-end width shortly after castration.The castrated would improve Simmental abdominal perimeter growth.Simmental body size at the age of 1.5was close to the adult body size.
Nanowires and Electrical Stimulation Synergistically Improve Functions of hiPSC Cardiac Spheroids.

The advancement of human induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) technology has shown promising potential to provide a patient-specific, regenerative cell therapy strategy to treat cardiovascular disease. Despite the progress, the unspecific, underdeveloped phenotype of hiPSC-CMs has shown arrhythmogenic risk and limited functional improvements after transplantation. To address this, tissue engineering strategies have utilized both exogenous and endogenous stimuli to accelerate the development of hiPSC-CMs. Exogenous electrical stimulation provides a biomimetic pacemaker-like stimuli that has been shown to advance the electrical properties of tissue engineered cardiac constructs. Recently, we demonstrated that the incorporation of electrically conductive silicon nanowires to hiPSC cardiac spheroids led to advanced structural and functional development of hiPSC-CMs by improving the endogenous electrical microenvironment. Here, we reasoned that the enhanced endogenous electrical micro...
Staging of Lung Cancer

Despite decline in smoking rates, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths with an estimated 224,000 new cases in 2014 (Siegel et al., CA Cancer J Clin 64:9–29, 2014). Tobacco remains the major causative agent, and as smoking behaviors between men and women have evolved, the gap in lung cancer between males and females has narrowed (Thun and Jemal, Tob Control 15:345–347, 2006). Approximately one in four lung cancers occur in never smokers (Pallis and Syrigos, Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 88:494–503, 2013). Other environmental risks for lung cancer include radon, occupational exposure, and air pollution. In addition to the environmental risks described previously, there does appear to be a component of both hormonal and genetic susceptibility to lung cancer development (Pallis and Syrigos, Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 88:494–503, 2013; Matakidou et al., Br J Cancer 93:825–833, 2005).
Mestizaje as ethical disposition: indigenous rights in the neoliberal state

ABSTRACTThis article explores the modes of aspiration, skepticism, and suspicion that constitute the inheritance of mestizaje in neoliberal Peru. Drawing on recent controversies regarding the metrics deployed to determine access to indigenous rights, it argues for the need to move away from liberal understandings of mestizaje as a bounded ‘identity’ claim, to consider instead how the politics and discourse of mestizaje shape a more generalized affective politics of skepticism regarding all identity claims. More specifically, I argue that mestizaje acquires particular affective and ethical force in relation to the fiscal and technical norms that underwrite postregulatory government in Peru. What interests me in pursuing this argument is to understand how, in its move away from the forms of citizenship, constitutive rights, and recognition that fueled the liberal state, neoliberalism has simultaneously gained force from the ethos of suspicion that surrounds any claim to an antecedent or foundational (cultur...
Changes of the Tropical Tropopause Layer under Global Warming

AbstractThis paper investigates changes in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) in response to carbon dioxide increase and surface warming separately in an atmospheric general circulation model, finding that both effects lead to a warmer tropical tropopause. Surface warming also results in an upward shift of the tropopause. A detailed heat budget analysis is performed to quantify the contributions from different radiative and dynamic processes to changes in the TTL temperature. When carbon dioxide increases with fixed surface temperature, a warmer TTL mainly results from the direct radiative effect of carbon dioxide increase. With surface warming, the largest contribution to the TTL warming comes from the radiative effect of the warmer troposphere, which is partly canceled by the radiative effect of the moistening at the TTL. Strengthening of the stratospheric circulation following surface warming cools the lower stratosphere dynamically and radiatively via changes in ozone. These two effects are of compar...
Why Consumers Don't Always Accurately Predict Their Own Future Behavior

There is much theoretical and empirical evidence that consumers' predictions of their future behavior are positively correlated with their actual subsequent behavior. However, consumers are not perfectly calibrated in predicting what they will do in the future. This article examines several factors that moderate the link between consumers' stated purchase intentions and their subsequent purchase behavior. Specifically, we examine how the relationship between purchase intentions and purchase behavior is moderated by (1) factors that affect how accurately respondents can represent their current intentions and (2) factors that affect how accurately respondents can predict whether and how their intentions will change over time. The article summarizes the extant literature and develops propositions for future research.
STRUCTURE FORMATION IN FLOWING SUSPENSIONS

Following the discovery of particle structure in flowing suspensions in the early 1970’s1,2 several different types of suspensions have been examined carefully, and it has become evident from this work that a number of different structures can occur. Dilute suspensions of monosized poll-styrene particles in water comprise one system that has been studied 3-11, and a progression of structures have been observed as the shear stress increases. Without any shear, particles tend to order in a three-dimensional structure, but under increasing levels of shear the ordering shifts to two-dimensional structures, and then one-dimensional structures which finally break up into an amorphous structure at high levels of shear. With more concentrated suspensions of similar composition, a different progression of structures is reported and some authors indicate that order is maintained at all levels of shear12 while others report a nearly amorphous structure at high levels of shear13.
Abstract WP166: Dietary Nitrate Supplements and Ischemic Stroke Recovery: A Pilot Study

Introduction: Dietary nitrate improves cerebral blood flow and enhances physical performance by improving exercise capacity. We designed a proof-of-concept study to show increases in plasma nitrate...
Control Strategies for Robots in Contact

In the field of robotics, there is a growing need to provide robots with the ability to interact with complex and unstructured environments. Operations in such environments pose significant challenges in terms of sensing, planning, and control. In particular, it is critical to design control algorithms that account for the dynamics of the robot and environment at multiple contacts. The work in this thesis focuses on the development of a control framework that addresses these issues. The approaches are based on the operational space control framework and estimation methods. By accounting for the dynamics of the robot and environment, modular and systematic methods are developed for robots interacting with the environment at multiple locations. The proposed force control approach demonstrates high performance in the presence of uncertainties. Building on this basic capability, new control algorithms have been developed for haptic teleoperation, multi-contact interaction with the environment, and whole body motion of non-fixed based robots. These control strategies have been experimentally validated through simulations and implementations on physical robots. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new control structure and its robustness to uncertainties. The contact control strategies presented in this thesis are expected to contribute to the needs in advanced controller design for humanoid and other complex robots interacting with their environments.
Introduction to Part I: Spatial Statistics

This chapter provides an introductory overview of the first part of this book, which treats spatial statistics topics. It describes the dataset used to illustrate spatial statistical concepts and techniques covered by this book and interlaces these topics with spatial econometrics topics treated in the second part of this book.
A Straw-Tube Tracking System for the SSC

We briefly introduce the use of a straw-tube tracking system in an SSC experiment, and outline some of the many technical issues to be resolved in R&D programs.
Singular Integral Operators on C1 Manifolds and C1 Curvilinear Polygons

The Multilinear Commutator Theorem of Alberto Calderon, Calixto Calderon, Eugene Fabes, Max Jodeit, and Nestor Riviere (Indiana Univ. Math. J. 49(1), 1–5, 2000; Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 84(2):287–290, 1978) can be used to show that an Analytic Double Layer Kernel restricted to the boundary of a C 1 domain fits into the symbolic calculus for singular integral operators (S.I.O.) with C 0 coefficients on C 1 manifolds and C 1 Curvilinear Polygons. In particular a system of S.I.O. is Fredholm on L p if and only the symbol is a nonsingular homomorphism. For C 1 curvilinear polygons, the symbol is constructed using the Mellin transform and can be extended to handle power weights near the vertices. The talk is a review of joint work with Renata Selvaggi and Irene Sisto (Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 340(1), 293–308 (1993), MR MR1124170 (94a:58194)) and joint work with Lewis and Cesare Parenti (Commun. Partial Differ. Equ 8(5), 477–544, 1983, MR MR695401, 86f:35185), Lewis (Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 112(2), 419–427, 1991, MR MR1043413, 91i:47071).
Anti-angiogenesis Therapy as an Adjunct to Chemotherapy in Oncology

On November 18th 2011, the FDA announced the anticipated removal of Avastin’s (bevacizumab) indication for metastatic breast cancer based on the lack of evidence supporting its use for the improvement of overall survival. Avastin, much like other anti-angiogenic therapies, has been shown to slow but not prevent metastasis when given in combination with chemotherapy. An anti-angiogenic therapy that targets multiple pro-angiogenic factors is the focus of much research. In this chapter we present the anti-angiogenesis therapies available, obstacles to the prevention of tumor neovascularization, and finally delve into new therapies showing results that may change the future of oncology.
Long-term outcomes among octogenarians with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVEData evaluating the long-term outcomes, particularly with regard to treatment modality, of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in octogenarians are limited. The primary objectives were to evaluate the disposition (living at home vs institutional settings) and analyze the predictors of long-term survival and return to home for octogenarians after SAH.METHODSData pertaining to patients age 80 and older who underwent microsurgical clipping or endovascular coiling for SAH were extracted from 100% nationwide Medicare inpatient claims and linked with the Minimum Data Set (2008–2011). Patient disposition was tracked for 2 years after index SAH admission. Multivariable logistic regression stratified by aneurysm treatment modality, and adjusted for patient factors including SAH severity, evaluated predictors of return to home at 60 and 365 days after SAH. Survival 365 days after SAH was analyzed with a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model.RESULTSA total of 1298 cases were included in the anal...
Mycoplasma hyorhinis and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae dual detection patterns in dams and piglets

Mycoplasma hyorhinis and M. hyosynoviae are agents associated with arthritis in pigs. This study investigated the tonsillar detection patterns of M. hyorhinis and M. hyosynoviae in a swine population with a history of lameness. The plausibility of dual PCR detection of these agents in dams at one and three weeks post-farrowing and their offspring at the same time was determined. The association between M. hyorhinis and M. hyosynoviae detection in piglets and potential development of lameness in wean-to-finish stages was evaluated by correlating individual piglet lameness scores and PCR detection in tonsils. Approximately 40% of dams were detected positive for M. hyorhinis and M. hyosynoviae at both one and three weeks post-farrowing. In first parity dams, M. hyorhinis was detected in higher proportions (57.1% and 73.7%) at both weeks of sampling compared to multi-parity dams. A lower proportion of first parity dams (37.5%) were detected positive at week one with M. hyosynoviae and an increase in this proportion to 50% was identified in week three. Only 8.3% of piglets were detected positive for M. hyorhinis in week one compared to week three (50%; p<0.05). The detection of M. hyosynoviae was minimal in piglets at both weeks of sampling (0% and 0.9%). Lameness was scored in pigs 5–22 weeks of age, with the highest score observed at week 5. The correlation between PCR detection and lameness scores revealed that the relative risk of developing lameness post-weaning was significantly associated with detection of M. hyorhinis in piglets at three weeks of age (r = 0.44; p<0.05).The detection pattern of M. hyorhinis and M. hyosynoviae in dams did not reflect the detection pattern in piglets. Results of this study suggest that positive detection of M. hyorhinis in piglets pre-weaning could act as a predictor for lameness development at later production stages.
LATIN AMERICAN WRITING IN THE UNITED STATES: Intertextual Encounters and Narrative Memory in Norte (2011) by Edmundo Paz Soldán

In Norte (2011) Edmundo Paz Soldan explores multiple perspectives of immigration from Latin America to the United States during the 20th and 21st centuries. The narratives of each of the four protagonists Michelle, Martin, Jesus, and Sergeant Fernandez characterize complex relationships with the United States and with their own country of origin. Paz Soldan establishes an encounter between different genres to highlight Latin American’s migratory experience in the U.S., to examine the American prison system, the university, undocumented immigration, non-English speakers, violence, and border crossing. In this article, it will be argued that through different narratives memories this novel reflects, from an American space, upon 21st Latin American writing that is trying to find its own place in United States. The term narrative memory used in this analysis names the reconciliatory encounter between the literary past and present that regulates this novel, one that can be analyzed by its intertextual encounters: shuttling between references to the Hernandez brothers’ comic books, vampire narratives by Laurell K. Hamilton, detective fiction, and Juan Rulfo’s “Luvina”.
A community-based study on the application of fatty liver index in screening subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Background/Purpose Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now a global liver disease. The fatty liver index (FLI), which is calculated by the equation comprising waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), triglyceride, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), is frequently used for hepatic steatosis evaluation. This study aimed to evaluate the optimal cut-off point of FLI to select subjects for abdominal ultrasonography (US) screening for NAFLD in the community. Methods From August 2013 to August 2016, a community-based study was performed in the northeastern region of Taiwan. All subjects participated in a demographic survey, blood testing, and abdominal US. The formula for FLI is: FLI = [e 0.953×loge (TG)+0.139×BMI+0.718×loge (GGT) +0.053×waist circumference−15.745]/[1 + e 0.953×loge (TG)+0.139×BMI+0.718×loge (GGT)+0.053×waist circumference−15.745] × 100. Results A total of 1371 subjects were included (746 in NAFLD group and 625 in the control group). The mean ages were 57.1 years in the control group and 56.3 years in the NAFLD group. The optimal cut-off points of FLI to discriminate fatty liver by abdominal US were 20 in male and 10 in female (sensitivity 80.3% and 76.1%; specificity 66.9% and 65.5%, respectively). FLI was correlated with the severity of fatty liver by abdominal US, predict fat component percent and NAFLD fibrosis score, especially in the female subjects. Conclusion FLI could be a tool to select subjects for abdominal US in a large community survey. The cut-off point of FLI might be set to 10 for female and 20 for male subjects, to increase the sensitivity for selecting subjects to receive abdominal US.
Using Reflections to Gauge Audience Awareness in Business and Professional Communication Courses

This study describes how reflections allowed students to express their audience awareness as they wrote a multiaudience messages packet. We present an analysis of 27 reflections in which students d...
Formation of advanced glycation end (AGE) products in diabetes: prevention by pyruvate and alpha-keto glutarate.

Glycation of proteins and their subsequent structural and functional modifications have been ascribed to play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of several secondary complications of diabetes, such as cataract and retinopathy. In addition, it plays a role in the generalized ageing process as well. Investigations have been conducted to explore the possibility of preventing the above process by use of pyruvate and a-keto glutarate as representatives of physiologically compatible keto acids. The results demonstrate that both these compounds are effective in preventing the initial glycation reaction as well as the formation of AGE products. Both these compounds also inhibit the generation of high molecular weight aggregates associated with cataract formation. Mechanistically, the preventive effects appear to be due to (1) competitive inhibition of glycation by the keto acids and (2) the antioxidant (radical scavenging) properties of these compounds. The results are hence considered usefu l from the point of view of developing these and other keto acid derivatives as pharmacological agents useful in preventing glycation related protein changes and consequent tissue pathological manifestations.
Negative regulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor by its lysine mutations and exposure to nickel

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) is a nuclear receptor for many environmental toxicants including TCDD. It mediates the induction of many metabolic enzymes of the cytochrome P450 family after engaging with its ligands. Meanwhile, nickel, also an environmental toxicant, induces a hypoxic response, leading to stabilization of HIF-1α. Lysine residues known for posttranslational modifications are important for subcellular localization, stability, and/or activity of gene products. In this study, we have determined nickel’s suppressive effect on TCDD-induced expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2, two members of the cytochrome P450 super-family. We have also analyzed CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 levels after expression of AhR with various lysine mutations. We have shown that induction of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 by TCDD and other AhR ligands is significantly suppressed by hypoxia-mimetics including nickel. This effect is likely due to a competition for α-sub-unit shared by AhR and HIF-1 transcription factors. We have also found that substitutions of lysines 14, 17, and 21 with arginines suppress the ability of AhR to transactivate P450 genes after treatment with TCDD. Ligand-mediated AhR activation can be significantly modulated by co-exposure to other environmental toxicant (s) or by its lysine mutations.
Do Writing Errors Bother Professionals? An Analysis of the Most Bothersome Errors and How the Writer’s Ethos is Affected:

This study asks whether grammatical and mechanical errors bother business professionals, which of these types of errors are most bothersome, and whether such errors affect perceptions of the writer...
A Timeline of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Approvals in Small Cell Lung Cancer

In this commentary, we review the timeline of clinical trials and regulatory actions of approved immune checkpoint inhibitors for small cell lung cancer, discuss challenges faced by regulatory agencies, and highlight paradoxical lessons that emerge. Accelerated approvals may fail to expedite drugs to market in this setting and further research on overall survival benefit is needed to prove drug efficacy.
Novel AC Distribution Factor for Efficient Outage Analysis

We propose novel line outage distribution factors under AC power flow (AC-LODF) for providing very efficient approximate post-outage power flow solution. The AC-LODF is derived by using holomorphic embedding (HE) approach, and the approximate post-outage power flow solution is obtained with Pade approximation (PA). Tests on IEEE 14-bus system, and Polish 2383-bus system verify that the proposed AC-LODF is effective on most outages, and can significantly speed up outage analysis.
Influences of time of day on generalization

Abstract Extracting shared structure across our experiences allows us to generalize our knowledge to novel contexts. How do different brain states influence this ability to generalize? Using a novel category learning paradigm, we assess the effect of both sleep and time of day on generalization that depends on the flexible integration of recent information. Counter to our expectations, we found no evidence that this form of generalization is better after a night of sleep relative to a day awake. Instead, we observed an effect of time of day, with better generalization in the morning than the evening. This effect also manifested as increased false memory for generalized information. In a nap experiment, we found that generalization did not benefit from having slept recently, suggesting a role for circadian rhythms apart from sleep. We found, however, that this time of day effect appears to be sensitive to category structure and to task engagement more generally. We propose that a state of lowered inhibition in the morning may facilitate spreading activation between otherwise separate memories, promoting this form of generalization.